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[ "The scandal that could potentially rock college football in 2013 appears to be sparing Louisville's Teddy Bridgewater. ", "A statement was released by the University Wednesday.", "\n\nBridgewater's name was linked to an autograph seller on eBay who may have paid for autographs from Texas A&M quarterback Johnny Manziel.", "\n\nItems signed by Bridgewater and other collegiate stars like Jadeveon Clowney from South Carolina and Braxton Miller from Ohio State, appear on that eBay sellers' account.", "\n\nIf Bridgewater were paid for his autograph, it would be an NCAA violation. ", "If Bridgewater signed an item for free, and a person sold it on eBay, the payer is not responsible for it as long as the player does not profit from the sale.", "\n\nA statement by UofL officials indicates they believe Bridgewater was not paid for his autograph.", "\n\nHere is the official statement:\n\n\"We are aware of many of the items for sale online that have been autographed by several of our student-athletes with remaining eligibility. ", "As we are required to do by NCAA rules, we regularly review these items and send correspondence to the seller(s) requesting they remove the item for sale.", "\n\nWe have and continue to educate our student-athletes that it is not permissible to accept any type of compensation for their autograph or the sale of memorabilia. ", "We have spoken with Teddy Bridgewater and we are comfortable that no violation has occurred.\"", "\n\nBridgewater, a Heisman contender, is considered one of the top NFL prospects at quarterback in college football. ", "A search for \"Teddy Bridgewater\" on eBay turns up 135 items, many of them signed by the Cardinals' quarterback.", "\n\nGet the most up-to-date information on Louisville Football, including message boards, recruiting news and video. ", "Become a premium member today: Click here to go premium today!" ]

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[ "HK Budget 2018: Innovation gets a big boost with $50B investment\n\nHong Kong technology sector is one of the big winners in this year’s annual budget with an additional investment of HK$50 billion allotted to developing innovations in the areas of biotechnology, AI, and fintech.", "\n\nIn delivering the 2019 budget speech at the Legislative council yesterday, Hong Kong Financial Secretary Paul Chan said the budget was meant to “forge ahead according to the eight major directions set out by the Chief Executive” during her Policy Address last October.", "\n\n“The application and omnipresence of communication technology, artificial intelligence and big data have not only spurred the birth of many new industries that operate across industries, sectors and geographical areas, as well as the emergence of the sharing economy, but also revolutionized the traditional and capital intensive business model based on tangible assets,” Chan said.", "\n\nHe noted new technologies facilitate business start-ups and foster new ideas, innovative products and services that generate economic benefits.", "\n\n“To stay ahead of the game, we must enhance our I&T environment, attract companies from new economy sectors and research institutions to set up their presence in Hong Kong and nurture talent for a knowledge-based economy,” Chan said.", "\n\nThe additional HK$50 billion earmarked for the city’s technology sector is investment in Hong Kong’s long-term economic growth, and it is four times as much as the HK$10 billion allocated for ICT investment in the 2017 budget.", "\n\nSpecifically, the HK$50-billion budget for the technology sector is meant for the following:\n\n$20 billion will be used on the first phase of the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Innovation and Technology Park in the Lok Ma Chau Loop for, site formation, infrastructure, superstructure and initial operation.", "\n\n$10 billion into the Innovation and Technology Fund (ITF). ", "The ITF’s financial support for I&T development in Hong Kong has increased from about $700 million in 2013-14 to $1.5 billion in 2017-18. ", "It is anticipated that the demand for funds will continue to increase. ", "The ITF will continue to support applied R&D work in Hong Kong with the additional resources.", "\n\n$10 billion to support the establishment of two Technology Research Clusters on healthcare technologies and on artificial intelligence and robotics technologies, to attract the world’s top scientific research institutions and technology enterprises to Hong Kong for conducting more midstream and downstream R&D projects in collaboration with local universities and scientific research institutions. ", "Such clusters will pool and nurture more technology talent in Hong Kong.", "\n\n$10 billion is allocated to the Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation (HKSTPC) to reinforce the role of the Science Park as Hong Kong’s flagship technology infrastructure. ", "Of this, about $3 billion will be used to construct research-related infrastructure and facilities, whereas the remaining $7 billion will be used for the HKSTPC to enhance support for its tenants and incubatees, and set up a Smart Campus in the Park, etc.", "\n\n$200 million is earmarked for Cyberport to enhance the support for start-ups and promote the development of digital technology ecosystem. ", "Cyberport is going to launch an “easy landing” programme to attract multinational companies (including overseas and Mainland leading internet enterprises and Fintech companies) to set up offices and R&D units in Hong Kong. ", "It will also roll out a new support scheme, offering financial assistance up to $200,000 for each eligible start-up to conduct market research and promotion, as well as participate in business missions, trade fairs and exhibitions, etc. ", "outside Hong Kong. ", "The financial assistance offered under Cyberport’s incubation programme to individual start-ups will also increase by 50% to $500,000.", "\n\n$100 million is allocated to Cyberport to promote the development of eSports" ]

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[ "> I have a puzzle and hope someone on this list can help me.", "\n>\n> I have just been given an old photo of three beautiful children, if I can\n> read the imprint correctly, in \"Antisis.\" ", "The father, David OSBURN, was\n> born in Michigan in 1858, where I find him, age 22, unmarried in the 1880\n> census. ", "The eldest child Mabel, as noted on the photo back, was 10 yrs 3\nmo old when the photo was taken. ", "So the earliest this photo could have been\ntaken was 1891. ", "The second child, Glenn, was 7 yrs 9 mo. ", "Family records\nsay he died during World War II. ", "The third child was Blanche, age 5 yrs 2\nmo. ", "The children's mother, Anna (surname unknown) was thought to have died\nin Galland, Iowa. ", "Their Osburn grandparents were from New York state.", "\n>\n> I cannot locate \"Antisis\" anywhere. ", "Does anyone know where this might be?", "\nThe photographer's name looks like Hassall / Anschutz, or Chassall /\n> Anschutz. ", "There is a big loopy thing encircling Hassall.", "\n>\n> Thanks so much in advance for any clues you can give me.", "\n>\n> Sally Bailey\n>\n>\n>\n> ==== NYGREENE Mailing List ====\n> Over 200 Greene County cemeteries fully transcribed - look up your\nancestor!", "\n> http://www.rootsweb.com/~nygreen2\n>\n> ==============================\n> Gain access to over two billion names including the new Immigration\n> Collection with an Ancestry.com free trial. ", "Click to learn more.", "\n> http://www.ancestry.com/rd/redir.asp?targetid=4930&sourceid=1237\n>" ]

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[ "Britain’s new government abolished its Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) Thursday morning, ridding the country of its global warming bureaucracy.", "\n\nOfficials stated that the DECC has been abolished and U.K.’s environmental policy is will be transferred to a new ministry called the Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. ", "Some former DECC’s functions will be outright abolished, while others will be handed back to the new ministry.", "\n\n[dcquiz] The new agency will be headed by Greg Clark, who has a record of opposing wind power, causing environmentalists to panic. ", "British wind companies, particularly ones that specialize in offshore wind power, were already worried that Brexit places the government subsidies and easy access to financing at risk. ", "The industry is deeply dependent on these subsidies to make projects more economically viable.", "\n\nThe backlash against British wind power occurred when the country’s government was already forced to take emergency measures to keep the lights on and official government analysis suggests the country could have insufficient electricity on a windless or cloudy days to meet demand. ", "Brownouts and blackouts caused by wind and solar power have already impacted the U.K.\n\nAs a result, Britain’s ruling Conservative Party has already cut green subsidies to protect consumers and the industry from expensive energy bills, which were roughly 54 percent higher than American energy bills in 2014. ", "Energy taxes cost Britis roughly $6.6 billion every year.", "\n\nBritain has been slashing green energy subsidies since last July, when government cut funds that exceeded spending caps. ", "Government green energy taxes currently account for seven percent of the average household’s energy bill, according to the UK’s Office of Gas and Electricity Markets. ", "Other British environmental taxes such as tariffs and carbon taxation commitments are expected to rise from $8.5 billion in 2015 to $19.3 billion in 2020, according to DECC reports. ", "The potential end of the DECC means that those taxes may not rise as planned.", "\n\nPolling indicates that energy prices were so high that 38 percent of British households have cut back essential purchases, like food, to pay their energy bills. ", "Another 59 percent of homes were worried about how they are going to pay energy bills.", "\n\nFollow Andrew on Twitter\n\nSend tips to andrew@ dailycallernewsfoundation.org.", "\n\nContent created by The Daily Caller News Foundation is available without charge to any eligible news publisher that can provide a large audience. ", "For licensing opportunities of our original content, please contact licensing@dailycallernewsfoundation.org." ]

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[ "Muslim groups across the UK have hit out against a campaign to ban burkas, saying the “dangerous” move would fuel Islamophobia at a time of increasing racial tensions in Britain.", "\n\n\n\nDr Taj Hargey, an imam and head of the Muslim Educational Centre of Oxford on Thursday launched a campaign to ban full face coverings, including the niqab, from being worn in public.", "\n\n\n\n“We want to make a burka-free Britain,” he told Al Arabiya News. “", "We should follow what France and Belgium have done.”", "\n\n\n\nThe European Court of Human Rights this month upheld a ban on full face veils in France. ", "Following the ruling, Austria, Norway and Denmark may also ban the burka. ", "Belgium adopted a ban in 2011, as has the Spanish city of Barcelona, and the autonomous Catalonia region plans a similar move.", "\n\n\n\nGroups such as the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) – and even the UK’s Secular Society – today criticised Hargey’s call for a ban in Britain.", "\n\n\n\n“Firstly, he is a man. ", "He should not really be articulating a view on what women should or should not do,” said Talha Ahmad, chair of the membership committee at the MCB.", "\n\n\n\n“If I went around telling people to put their veil on, that would be equally wrong,” he added. “", "Positions like his are very dangerous. ", "He clearly doesn’t understand the British values of freedom… His arguments feed into the whole Islamophobic narrative.”", "\n\nSecurity risk?", "\n\nHargey argues that permitting full face coverings poses a security risk, among other objections. ", "The UK public seem to agree with him: 90 percent say burkas should not be allowed in environments such as airport check-ins, according to a YouGov survey in September. ", "The same poll found that overall, 61 percent of British adults think burkas should be banned.", "\n\n\n\nHargey cited examples of burkas being worn by men to commit robberies in central London. ", "Yet Smina Akhtar, director of the Glasgow-based Amina – The Muslim Women’s Resource Centre, dismissed this.", "\n\n\n\n“I’m not sure there’s any evidence to show that it is a security risk,” she said. “", "It’s not going to reduce crime. ", "Crime will continue. ", "If those men had not worn a burka, they would have found something else.”", "\n\n\n\nAkhtar says that she chooses not to cover her face, but a minority of women in her community do. ", "She dismissed the ban proposed by Hargey.", "\n\n\n\n“Women have a choice what they wear,” she said. “", "I’m not sure if he’s even read the Quran… He’s being Islamophobic.”", "\n\n\n\nIt’s currently open season on attacking Muslims in the UK, Akhtar said, with Islamophobia – especially hate crimes against women – on the rise.", "\n\n\n\nWith that in mind, she does not dismiss the notion that the UK could become less tolerant towards the burka in future. “", "It could change. ", "There is definitely a move to the right in Europe and in Britain as well,” she said.", "\n\nSocial ‘apartheid’\n\nHargey argues that the full face veil fuels “social segregation and community apartheid.”", "\n\n\n\nBut Akhtar dismissed that claim too. “", "It only creates a division if you want to create a division,” she said. ", "Some doctors and teachers do not wear the garment while at work, she added. “", "Women who wear the burka can choose when to wear it.”", "\n\n\n\nHargey told Al Arabiya News that the practice of wearing the full face veils is “totally ridiculous,” and a key aim of his campaign is to get 100,000 signatures on an official petition, which would then oblige the UK Parliament to debate the issue.", "\n\n\n\n“No one – including women – has an unqualified right to dress how they like in public,” he said. “", "You or I could not walk down the street naked, or wearing just socks.”", "\n\n\n\nHe pointed out that Muslim women are prohibited from covering their faces during the hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. “", "If there’s no obligation to cover their faces in the holiest places of Islam, why do they feel the need to cover their faces in the UK?”", "\n\n\n\nHe said there is nothing in the Quran that requires people to mask their faces, and that face veils promotes “gender disparity” and can cause health complains due to a lack of vitamin D. His campaign extends to other apparel that obscures the face, such as balaclavas and ski masks – saying no one has a right to anonymity in public.", "\n\n\n\nThe practice of Muslims covering their face is a “fad,” he added. “", "How come their mothers or grandmothers never wore it? ", "Were they bad Muslims? ", "No, of course not,” he said.", "\n\nOmer El-Hamdoon, president of the Muslim Association of Britain, said he disagreed with a ban on the burka, saying women should be allowed to “wear whatever they want.”", "\n\nCredentials questioned\n\nBut he agreed with Hargey on certain points, such as women never being forced to wear a veil, and that it can have an impact on communication.", "\n\n\n\nSeveral UK Muslim groups questioned Hargey’s credentials as an Islamic scholar.", "\n\n\n\n“He personally doesn’t strike me as a scholar – in either the traditional or contemporary sense – of Islamic theology,” said Ahmad.", "\n\n\n\nDr. Sheikh Ramzy, director of the Oxford Islamic Information Centre, said he totally disagreed with Hargey’s viewpoint.", "\n\n\n\n“This man Taj Hargey calls himself an imam. ", "But he’s not an imam and he’s not an Islamic scholar,” Ramzy said.", "\n\n\n\n“He does not understand anything about Islam. ", "I would like to leave it to the sisters to choose what they would like to wear… It is an un-Islamic thing he is trying to do.”", "\n\n\n\nHargey reacted angrily to his critics when contacted by Al Arabiya News. “", "I have a pHD in Islamic Studies from Oxford University, so who’s to say I’m not an Islamic scholar?,” ", "he said. “", "Why don’t you ask them what qualifications they have?”", "\n\nNo secular support\n\nYet Hargey did not receive fully fledged support from even the UK’s National Secular Society, which campaigns for the separation of religion and state.", "\n\n\n\nStephen Evans, campaigns manager at the society, said that – while the issue is a complex one – a general ban would not be favorable.", "\n\n\n\n“There are understandable and legitimate concerns about the wearing of the burka or niqab, particularly regarding what it symbolises, its role in the subjugation of women and its potential to hinder a woman's ability to communicate and integrate within civil society,” he said.", "\n\n\n\n“There are however compelling reasons, both practical and on principle, to oppose attempts to introduce a general ban on the veil - not least a woman's right to choose what she wears and her right to religious freedom.”", "\n\n\n\nDespite that, Evans said he would support some public institutions to implement their own polices restricting face coverings. ", "It is “appropriate to protect young girls from being compelled to wear the burka or niqab by prohibiting it in our schools,” he said.", "\n\n\n\nYet despite the crackdown in Europe, Muslim women in Britain are currently free to wear what they want.", "\n\n\n\nAnything else would amount to harassment, said Ramzy. “", "As an Islamic scholar, I do not recommend a face cover. ", "But I do encourage freedom of choice,” he said. “", "If you don’t want to see a woman in a burka, then turn your face”\n\nLast Update: Wednesday, 20 May 2020 KSA 09:43 - GMT 06:43" ]

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[ "Chinese Underground Railroad\n\nThe Chinese Underground Railroad was an imaginary route through the borderland between the United States and Mexico, especially around El Paso, Texas. ", "Because of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese immigrants, with the help of Chinese laborers living in Mexico and smugglers, would illegally enter the United States in order to bypass the act. ", "Similar to the Underground Railroad that brought African-American slaves to free states in northern United States and Canada, the Chinese underground railroad was not actually a railroad. ", "Additionally, the secret route allowed Chinese immigrants from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century enter the United States during a time of discrimination against Chinese people.", "\n\nBackground \nWhen the Chinese Exclusion Act was initially enacted in 1882, it allowed legal means for the Chinese to enter the United States. ", "Those who came to travel, sell, or go to school were allowed to enter during the time of exclusion, and Chinese people already living in the United States were allowed to leave and come back so long as they had the proper certificate. ", "However, when those who opposed Chinese immigration began to view the act as ineffective and ambiguous, violence against the Chinese rose. ", "In order to placate the situation, Congress enacted the Scott Act of 1888, which no longer allowed Chinese workers to enter the United States with ease. ", "After the Scott Act came the Geary Act in 1892, which extended the Chinese Exclusion Act for ten more years and mandated Chinese laborers receive certificates to prove their residence. ", "While the Gresham-Yan Treaty of 1894 did allow Chinese laborers to leave and return to the United States if they had families, property, or debts in the United States, the exclusion law persisted until 1943. ", "In order to get around the Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese immigrants traveled to the United States through Canada and Latin America.", "\n\nThe Railroad \nThe underground railroad from Mexico to the United States was not actually a railroad, but it did follow the railroad lines between Sonora and Arizona. ", "The underground railroad was found throughout the American-Mexican border, but its most common route was through El Paso. ", "The route smuggled Chinese immigrants, as well as drugs (mainly opium) and diamonds to cities in the United States, such as Los Angeles to Chicago. ", "Anglo-Americans and Chinese immigrants would team up to bring Chinese immigrants to the United States through Mexico. ", "In the early 1900s, smugglers took advantage of the less populated regions in the borderland to bring Chinese immigrants into the United States. ", "Smugglers would begin in Mexican cities such as Salina Cruz, Manzanillo, Mazatlán, and Guaymas and travel through Nogales, Arizona and Nogales Sonora, which were twin border cities, until they reached the United States.", "\n\nTraveling through the Mexican border could prove to be treacherous. ", "Because it was largely a desert, many Chinese immigrants got lost easily and became weakened by dehydration and lack of food. ", "Chinese immigrants who chose to rely on smugglers could find them untrustworthy - in one example, sixteen Chinese immigrants were killed after first collectively paying their smuggler guides. ", "Today, the Chinese immigrants who suffered and died in the desert are remembered through the names of the desert. ", "The area between San Felipe and the Mexicali-Imperial valleys is now called El Desierto de los Chinos (the Chinese desert), and other areas such as Chinaman Flat, El Chinero, and Llano El Chinero, commemorate the immigrant victims.", "\n\nThe underground railroad was often supported by Chinese people who lived near the border. ", "Chinese immigrants could move from Real de Castillo to Burro Valley to Yalecites to Carisco thanks to the Chinese who lived in those villages. ", "Those immigrants who successfully reached the American side of the border often continued to help other immigrants pass through the borderlands as well.", "\n\nOne town that continued the underground railroad was El Paso Chinatown. ", "One could illegally enter El Paso by going through Juárez, where Chinese immigrants learned English. ", "Houses and buildings on the route concealed places for the Chinese immigrants to hide as they moved from one area to another, supported by other Chinese people in the area. ", "However, the town was mostly filled with men who were unable to establish families because Chinese women were not allowed to enter the United States at all because of the Exclusion Act. ", "Additionally, the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and the increased enforcing of the Mexican-American border made it more difficult to use the underground railroad. ", "Because of this, the community died in the early 1900s.", "\n\nSmuggling \n\nVarious smugglers also continued the underground railroad. ", "Jim Bennett, along with Lee Quong, Louis Greenwaldt, and B.C. Springstein, all ran this business of getting Chinese immigrants into the United States for over three years. ", "Smugglers would first collect $50 to $200 from Chinese immigrants and help them travel to the United States. ", "The business continued successfully thanks to Bennett’s precision in ensuring that his assistants were capable and trustworthy. ", "They would use several concealment methods, such as hiding immigrants in wagons or making the immigrants wear Mexican clothes. ", "The business ended after Chinese inspector Charles Connell found immigrants with faulty certificates that they had received from Springstein. ", "After capturing Springstein and hearing his testimony, Greenwaldt and Bennett were arrested, and Quong, the only Chinese smuggler of the bunch, was deported to China.", "\n\nIt is close to impossible to determine how many Chinese immigrants entered the United States through Mexico with the help of these advanced smuggling businesses - Guamas business man W. Iberry estimated 20,000, though this could be incorrect. ", "By 1916, the Chinese smuggling business had significantly declined, so that Chinese immigrants began to search for opportunities to live and work in Mexico.", "\n\nNotes\n\nSources \n\nCategory:Chinese emigration" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMocking Vuex module action in component unit test\n\nI'm currently trying to mock an action from a store's module. ", "I can't seem to properly stub it, as I continue to get a message in my unit tests that says:\n[vuex] unknown action type: moduleA/filterData\n\nHere is a simplified version of the component under test:\nItem.vue\n<template>\n <li class=\"list-item\"\n @click=\"toggleActive()\">\n {{ itemName }}\n </li>\n</template>\n\n<script>\nimport store from '../store'\n\nexport default {\n name: 'item',\n props: {\n itemName: {\n type: String\n }\n },\n data () {\n return {\n store,\n isActive: false\n }\n },\n\n methods: {\n toggleActive () {\n this.isActive = !", "this.isActive;\n this.$store.dispatch('moduleA/filterData', { name: itemName } );\n }\n }\n\n}\n</script>\n\nstore.js\nimport Vue from 'vue'\nimport Vuex from 'vuex'\nimport moduleA from './modules/moduleA'\n\nVue.use(Vuex)\n\nconst store = new Vuex.", "Store({\n modules: {\n moduleA\n }\n});\n\nexport default store;\n\nmoduleA.js\n/* imports */\n\nconst state = {\n /* state */\n}\n\nconst mutations = {\n /* ... */\n}\n\nconst actions = {\n\n filterData({ state, commit }, payload) {\n /* filter data and commit mutations */\n }\n}\n\nconst getters = {\n /* getters */\n}\n\nexport default {\n namespaced: true,\n state,\n mutations,\n actions,\n getters\n}\n\nItem.spec.js\nimport Vue from 'vue'\nimport { mount } from '@vue/test-utils'\nimport { expect } from 'chai'\nimport sinon from 'sinon'\nimport Item from '../src/components/Item.vue'\nimport Vuex from 'vuex'\n\nVue.use(Vuex);\n\ndescribe('Item.vue', () => {\n let componentProps = {};\n let wrapper;\n let actions;\n let store;\n beforeEach(() => {\n let name = 'Item Name';\n // mock vuex action on click\n actions = {\n filterData: sinon.stub()\n }\n\n let moduleA = {\n state: {},\n actions\n }\n\n store = new Vuex.", "Store({\n modules: {\n moduleA\n }\n });\n\n componentProps.itemName = name;\n wrapper = mount(Item, {\n store: store,\n propsData: componentProps\n });\n })\n\n it('Has a root element of list-item', () => {\n expect(wrapper.is('.list-item')).to.equal(true);\n })\n\n it('Item getting prop name', () => {\n expect(wrapper.text()).to.equal('Item Name');\n })\n\n it('Item is not active on load', () => {\n expect(wrapper.vm.$data.isActive).to.equal(false);\n })\n\n it('Item is active after click', () => {\n wrapper.trigger('click');\n expect(wrapper.vm.$data.isActive).to.equal(true);\n\n })\n\n it('Item is not active after two clicks', () => {\n wrapper.trigger('click');\n wrapper.trigger('click');\n expect(wrapper.vm.$data.isActive).to.equal(false);\n })\n})\n\nThis isn't causing my tests to fail, but I've been unable to find out how to properly mock/stub module actions from Vuex. ", "Any help is appreciated.", "\n\nA:\n\nSo I've looked into this, and it turns out that I wasn't defining that my store within my test was namespaced, hence it wasn't recognizing my action:\nbeforeEach(() => {\n let name = 'Item Name';\n // mock vuex action on click\n actions = {\n filterData: sinon.stub()\n }\n\n let moduleA = {\n namespaced: true,\n state: {},\n actions\n }\n\n store = new Vuex.", "Store({\n modules: {\n moduleA\n }\n });\n\n componentProps.itemName = name;\n wrapper = mount(Item, {\n store: store,\n propsData: componentProps\n });\n})\n\nAfter including this my errors went away.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Nikki Haley has the easiest job in the world. ", "Her biggest challenge when she wakes up each morning as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations is deciding which hypocrisy or grotesque distortion of the truth to expose that day.", "\n\nOn Tuesday, Haley took on the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) for its condemnation of the United States for daring to enforce its immigration laws. ", "In the opinion of the UNHCHR, the decision by the United States to stop tolerating mass incursions of illegal aliens across our borders amounts to “criminalizing what should at most be an administrative offense” and “adopt non-custodial alternatives” to detaining adults who enter illegally in the company of children.", "\n\nNotwithstanding the UNHCHR’s opinion, under 8 U.S. Code § 1325, illegal entry can result in imprisonment for up to six months for a first offense and up to two years for subsequent attempts to enter the United States illegally.", "\n\nBut what really seemed to irk Ambassador Haley when she got out of bed on Tuesday was the U.N.’s “hypocrisy by calling out the United States while it ignores the reprehensible human rights records of several members of its own Human Rights Council.” ", "The HRC is a body that currently includes such bastions of enlightened humanitarianism as Afghanistan, China, Cuba, Ethiopia, Iraq, and Venezuela, to name just a few.", "\n\nJust in case the UNHCHR harbored any illusions that the United States would accede to its demands that we surrender our sovereign right to enforce immigration laws, Haley made it clear that that is not going to happen. “", "We will remain a generous country, but we are also a sovereign country, with laws that decide how best to control our borders and protect our people. ", "Neither the United Nations nor anyone else will dictate how the United States upholds its borders,” she informed them." ]

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[ "Salair Ridge\n\nSalair Ridge (pronounced sah-lah-EER; ) is an eroded plateau-type highland in the Southwestern Siberia, Russia, particularly in Altai Krai, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk Oblast. ", "It is a natural continuation of Altai Mountains and separates the Kuznetsk Depression from the Ob River Plain to the southwest. ", "Its main ridge is nearly parallel to that of Kuznetsk Alatau. ", "The ridge is some 300 kilometres in length and 15-40 kilometres wide.", "\n\nThe mountains are rich in complex ores. ", "The highest peak is Kivda (), at 621 meters.", "\n\nMajor rivers include the Berd' (, see the city of Berdsk), Suenga River () and Chumysh River.", "\n\nSee also\nGeography of South-Central Siberia\nSouth Siberian Mountains\n\nExternal links\nSalair Ridge\nA map of paleolithic settlements at Salair Ridge\n\nCategory:Mountain ranges of Russia\nCategory:Landforms of Kemerovo Oblast\nCategory:Landforms of Novosibirsk Oblast\nCategory:Altai Mountains" ]

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[ "CALGARY -- Mike Smith isn't just fighting for Elle. ", "He's standing behind her, too.", "\n\nSmith lined up on the blue line behind his niece for a special ceremony prior to the Calgary Flames' game against the New Jersey Devils at Scotiabank Saddledome on Sunday, in Hockey Fights Cancer Awareness Night.", "\n\nThe ceremony, in conjunction with the Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation, recognized six children who have survived cancer or are continuing to fight.", "\n\nElle is still fighting.", "\n\n\"I'm sure everyone's gone through either a friend or a family member going through a battle of cancer,\" said Smith, who gave his goalie stick to Elle after the ceremony. \"", "My niece was 18 months [old] when she was diagnosed with leukemia; she's now going to be four in January, and she has three treatments left. ", "It's a sad time but it's an exciting time, especially for our family.", "\n\n\"We're closer to Elle and are able to help out when we can.\"", "\n\nThat hasn't always been the case.", "\n\nSmith spent six seasons with the Arizona Coyotes before being acquired by the Flames on June 17. ", "The trade brought Smith and wife Brigitte closer to family, and closer to Elle.", "\n\n\"Seeing my wife's sister and brother-in-law go through a real tough time with their daughter. … ", "it's nice now where we're close to home where they live … they live in Canmore and we're able to spend some time with them,\" said Smith, now just an hour away in Calgary.", "\n\n\"We were pretty far away before and they weren't able to travel. ", "It's kind of a blessing in disguise we were traded here and we're able to spend some time with family we don't see very often.\"", "\n\nSmith saw them Sunday. ", "The blue line visit from Elle helped him put the game into perspective.", "\n\n\"All these people going through such tragedies in their lives, and we're able to play a sport for a living,\" Smith said. \"", "It means a lot to have Elle out there and to be able to show our support with people [who] are either battling or have fought and won the fight, and we just want to let everyone know we're there to show our support.\"", "\n\nThere are plenty of ways Smith and the Flames are showing support.", "\n\nHe and his teammates sported lavender-colored tape on their sticks, and all players are wearing the Hockey Fights Cancer decals on their helmets. ", "Proceeds from the Calgary Flames Foundation 50-50 raffle sales and Hockey Fights Cancer apparel sold during November are going to Hockey Fights Cancer as well.", "\n\nHockey Fights Cancer has raised more than $18 million since it was founded in 1998.", "\n\nSome Flames, Smith included, will also grow a moustache in support of Hockey Fights Cancer and the Movember Foundation, which raises funds and awareness for prostate cancer, testicular cancer, mental health and suicide prevention.", "\n\n\"It's sad how much this is affecting everyone's lives,\" Smith said. \"", "I think anything we can do as an organization, as a league to raise money, raise awareness and hopefully put an end to this one day.", "\n\n\"I think it's awesome what the Flames Foundation does and the money they raise and the things they do behind the scenes that people don't maybe see first-hand.", "\n\n\"It's appreciated, and we're glad to help out.\"" ]

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[ "Expression of NEU3 (plasma membrane-associated sialidase) in clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary: its relationship with T factor of pTNM classification.", "\nCell surface carbohydrate expression strongly influences the biological characteristics of cancer cells. ", "Especially, it is known that the change of sialic acid expression could be related to the invasive and metastatic potentials of tumors. ", "This study aimed to investigate sialidase expression of ovarian cancer cells and to evaluate the relationship between plasma membrane-associated sialidase (NEU3) expression and various clinicopathological factors in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma patients. ", "In 18 cell lines derived from human ovarian cancers (including clear cell, mucinous, and serous adenocarcinoma), sialidase mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. ", "NEU1 and NEU3 expression levels were found to be elevated in most cell lines while NEU2 and NEU4 expression was rarely elevated. ", "Interestingly, NEU3 expression was detected in all clear cell adenocarcinoma cell lines. ", "In 71 patients with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma, treated at Keio University Hospital from February 1983 to February 2002, NEU3 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens and clinicopathological factors were reviewed. ", "NEU3 expression was found to be positive in 77.5% of all cases. ", "Furthermore, a high level of NEU3 expression was significantly correlated with T3 factor of pTNM classification on univariate and multivariate analysis. ", "This is the first report to show that NEU3 is expressed in most of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. ", "And our results show that NEU3 expression is correlated with T factor (pTNM classification) in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nLibGdx - Tile Game Collision Detection\n\nI'm working on a tile 2d-side platformer game. ", "I have done some stuff so far.", "\nI'm working on a basic collision detection using rectangles of libgdx so considering\nI have only grass block for now I made a single block world in Java (file reader is not ready)\nthe problem is my detection only works the first time in other words if I spawn my colliding\nto a block it detects collision and do so. ", "Although if i spawn my player top of the block\nwith out colliding player falls forever. ", "\nHere is the code world.update(); =>\npublic void update() {\n\n Iterator<block> cb = Blocks.iterator();\n while (cb.hasNext()) {\n\n block b = cb.next();\n if (b.getBounds().overlaps(player.getBounds())) {\n\n if (player.getPosition().x >= b.getPosition().x + 32) {\n //RIGHT\n player.getVelocity().x = 0;\n } else if (player.getPosition().x + 32 <= b.getPosition().x) {\n //Left\n player.getVelocity().x = 0;\n }\n //All Y\n player.getVelocity().y = 0;\n }\n if (!", "b.getBounds().overlaps(player.getBounds())) {\n player.getVelocity().y = -gravity;\n }\n\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nYour while loop is applying gravity for every block your player does not intersect with. ", " So if you have 10 blocks, and the player intersects just 1, you'll still apply gravity 9 times. ", " You should only apply the gravity change to the player once.", "\nSet a flag (boolean hitSomething = false) before your loop, then set it to true (hitSomething = true) if the player hits any block. ", " Then, after the loop, if hitSomething is false, apply gravity to the player.", "\nStepping through the update method with a debugger is a good way to figure out what your code is doing in cases like this. ", " It should be quicker than waiting for Stack Overflow to debug your code, too.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "maxwells.", "JPG\n\nMaxwell's at 1039 Washington St. is reopening its restaurant and bar. ", "Photo by Charles Hack/The Jersey Journal\n\nHOBOKEN – Maxwell's is again hiring experienced servers and bartenders -- less than five weeks after the iconic indie rock club closed its doors for live concerts.", "\n\nCo-owner Dave Post said that the restaurant and bar may re-open as soon as this weekend, and will remain open under current ownership until the lease and liquor license is sold to a new owner.", "\n\nMeanwhile Maxwell's is on the market, with the owners offering a 10-year lease with an additional 5–year lease option deal for $625,000, said Richard Gaeta, the broker for the NJR Group, which is listing the property. ", "The MLS listing can be seen on Coldwell Banker website.", "\n\nThe asking price includes restaurant's liquor license and an option to keeping the furnishings, fittings and equipment. ", "In addition, the new tenant will have to pay $15,000 a month rent to the property owner, Gaeta said.", "\n\nThe 3,400-square-foot bar and restaurant/club at 11th and Washington streets closed at the end of July.", "\n\nThe real estate listing calls Maxwell's \"one of the most recognized bar/restaurants in New Jersey with its iconic corner location.\"", "\n\nGaeta said that publicity over the former music venue and has attracted a \" tremendous amount of interest.\"", "\n\n\"There is always a boat load of interest any time there is a liquor license,\" Gaeta said. \"", "As far as goodwill and notoriety the only other place in Hoboken with so much interest was the Clam Broth House.\"", "\n\nThe historic Clam Broth House, closed in the early 2000s and reopened nearby as Biggie's Clam Bar on the same block of Newark Street near River Street in the spring of 2012.", "\n\nMaxwell's final night, July 31, was marked by a block party and a reunion concert that featured the Bongos, the Individuals and \"a,\" the band that opened the club. ", "last Wednesday night the doors swung open one more time when\n\nfor a Target commercial.", "\n\nAnyone interested in working at the restaurant apply at the site or by email at maxwellshoboken@gmail.com." ]

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[ "Dixon Bridge Disaster\n\nThe Dixon Bridge Disaster, also known as the Truesdell Bridge Disaster, occurred on Sunday, May 4, 1873, when the bridge across the Rock River at Dixon, Illinois, collapsed while spectators were observing a baptism ceremony in the river below. ", "The collapse killed 46 people and injured at least 56 others. ", "In terms of total deaths and injuries, the event may be the worst road bridge disaster in American history.", "\n\nA coroner's jury ruled that the Dixon City Council erred in judgment in selecting the Truesdell bridge design, which was determined to be faulty.", "\n\nDixon in 1873\n\nAt the time of the collapse, Dixon was a growing town and a primary crossing point over the Rock River for those traveling from downstate Illinois to Galena, Illinois. ", "In 1870, the population of Dixon was 4,055, almost double its population in 1860.", "\n\nThe city was served by a mayor and eight aldermen, seven churches, and two weekly newspapers, The Dixon Sun and The Dixon Telegraph. ", "In the five years prior to 1873, the city had enjoyed a significant growth of construction and infrastructure. ", "The city had two bridges: a railroad bridge built in 1855 and a bridge for pedestrians and vehicles. ", "Most residents lived within 10 blocks of the vehicular bridge.", "\n\nFrom the city's founding in 1830 until 1846, residents crossed the river primarily by ferry. ", "Between 1846 and 1868, the city had at least eight wooden bridges across the Rock River. ", "None of them survived more than a few years, usually being destroyed by the high water and floating ice jams that occurred each spring.", "\n\nConstruction of bridge\n\nIn 1868, after another bridge failure, the city sought a more durable solution and accepted bids from 14 contractors. ", "In May 1868, the Dixon bridge committee had personally visited many of the proposed bridge designs.", "\n\nBridge contractor L. E. Truesdell, originally of Warren, Mass., had proposed an iron bridge that was based on his 1856 patent for a lattice bridge design. ", "The Chicago Daily Tribune reported that Truesdell's design was built on the idea that “an iron bridge might be built of short light pieces, easy of transportation to the almost inaccessible localities where bridges might be needed.” ", "As of 1868, Truesdell had built several bridges in Illinois, but none as long as the proposed 660' bridge in Dixon. ", "The Decatur (Ill.) Republican reported, “Mr. Truesdell warrants every bridge to give perfect satisfaction. … ", "He certainly has the best thing yet out … They are unequalled for strength and symmetry and are rapidly growing into favor.”", "\n\nThe Dixon city council took three ballots before finally favoring the Truesdell bid on a 5-3 vote. ", "As Alderman W. N. Underwood Jr. recalled in the Inter-Ocean newspaper, “The people were crazy on (an) iron bridge.”", "\n\nWhen the Truesdell project, a toll bridge, was dedicated on Jan. 21, 1869, the Dixon Weekly Herald reported, “A structure more truly grand and beautiful to the eye can be found in no Western city and we presume in no Eastern one.” ", " The bridge featured five spans, an roadway with two sidewalks on both sides, each guarded with a railing. ", "The project cost the city $75,000, which included $31,500 for the ironwork and $43,500 for the five stone piers that supported the structure.", "\n\nThe 1869 dedication included a long parade and included a test of the bridge by placing on the bridge four harnessed teams hauling stone, a load of flour, and a large group of bystanders, all weighing “at least 45 tons.” ", "The Belvidere (Ill.) newspaper later reported that the Dixon city council issued a resolution that thanked Truesdell “for the promptness, energy, and faithfulness … and also for his gentlemanly courtesy.”", "\n\nElgin bridge collapse \nWhile the Dixon bridge was being completed, a portion of the Truesdell bridge at Elgin, Illinois, collapsed on Dec. 7, 1868. ", "It was repaired, but seven months later, on July 5, 1869, the Elgin bridge partially collapsed again while filled with people watching a tub race. ", "A span on the bridge's east side fell into of water. ", "The number of deaths vary from none to 2-3, but 30 to 40 were injured. ", "The collapse would have raised concerns about the Dixon bridge, but the Elgin bridge was a single truss design, while the Dixon bridge was a double truss. ", "This lessened apprehensions about the Dixon bridge. ", "When an investigation of the Elgin collapse began, L. E. Truesdell offered a reward of $10,000 for the detection of the guilty parties. ", "The investigation concluded, “The foundations of the structure must have been tampered with by some evil disposed persons,” according to a Milwaukee newspaper.", "\n\nDixon collapse \n\nSunday, May 4, 1873, was said to be a beautiful day after a cold winter. ", "On May 4, word had spread around Dixon that Rev. J. H. Pratt of the Baptist Church was going to lead his congregation after services to the river to baptize six converts: one man and five women. ", "The baptism site was on the north side of the river, “a few rods” (perhaps ) west of the Truesdell bridge.", "\n\nRev. Pratt later admitted to the Chicago Daily Tribune that he had detained the crowd longer than usual to impress upon them the advantage of ‘coming to Jesus.’ ", "He added that he had no concerns of a bridge failure since he had conducted similar ceremonies at the same spot with “at least three times as many persons congregated on the same span to witness the immersion.”", "\n\nBy various accounts, the bridge had filled with at least 150 to 200 spectators, with the heaviest concentration on the sidewalk between the riverbank and the first pier. ", "Several horse-drawn carriages were on the bridge's roadway. ", "While most spectators were reported to be women and children, some boys and a few men had climbed upon the bridge's trelliswork to get a good view.", "\n\nRev. Pratt had baptized two of the six, and a lady named Mrs. Brewer was the third. ", "As she and the minister waded out into the water, the choir began to sing. ", "Some said that they felt the bridge vibrate, and others commented about the possibility of a collapse. ", "Henry Strong, the bridge tender, reportedly began to order boys off the trusses and the people off the bridge.", "\n\nFailure of bridge \n\nMany of the eyewitnesses reported hearing a sharp crack between the end of the bridge and the first pier. ", "The heavy weight of the crowd on the west side seemed to tip the bridge over, as that part of the bridge dropped quickly. ", "The crowd then uttered “one wild fearful shriek” as they plummeted about into the water, which was reported to be deep. ", "While the north span was the first to fall, the other four spans also quickly collapsed, with each span twisting in different directions. ", "The Chicago Tribune reported, “Some sank to rise no more. ", "Some were killed before they touched the water. ", "Some were entangled in the debris. ", "Some jumped from the bridge to the river, and swam ashore. ", "The weak generally succumbed.” ", "The truss “fell over with the weight, and imprisoned the doomed in an iron cage, with which they sunk, and from which there was no escape.” ", "The hands and faces of some victims could be felt only below the surface of the water, trapped under the debris.", "\n\nSeveral newspaper reports noted the ensuing panic in the water, as victims frantically grabbed at each other to get to the surface, while others fought off such grasps to avoid being pulled under. ", "In the fall, children were separated from their parents, and wives were separated from their husbands.", "\n\nFatalities \n\nThe ironwork of the bridge created deadly problems. ", "The iron latticework “pivoted like shears, catching many hands and mangling them.” ", "A 16-year-old girl, who drowned, had her arm caught in the ironwork so that it took almost “two days to cut away the iron with hack saws and release her body,” according to the Dixon Telegraph. ", "Another woman had her leg sawed off to free it from the debris, while others were crushed by the ironwork. “", "Two women went down together, the iron hemming them in like a vise. ", "Their necks and bodies were securely bound.”", "\n\nAs of 6:00 p.m. that Sunday, 37 bodies had been pulled from the water. ", "The total number lost was then estimated at 90 to 100, since many were assumed to be trapped under the heavy ironwork of the bridge.", "\n\nInjuries\n\nNewspaper accounts reported dozens of injuries sustained by survivors. ", "The injuries included severe wounds to the scalp, head, leg, arm, wrist, collar bone, shoulder, ribs, chest, spine, various bones, as well as shock and severe lacerations. ", "Reports also mentioned several cases of “strangulation” that cut off breathing, yet not fatally. ", "One such strangulation survivor was the youngest reported injury, 3-1/2-year-old Gertie Wadsworth, daughter of John Wadsworth. ", "She had been on the bridge with her grandmother, Christan Goble, who was killed.", "\n\nSimilarly, Elizabeth Wallace fell to the water holding her daughter. ", "The mother died, but the daughter was expected “to live a cripple if she survives the spasms into which she is constantly thrown. ", "She is now an orphan,” reported the Inter-Ocean. ", "Similar psychological injuries were reported by the Dixon Sun: “Kittie Dally was “insensible from strangulation in the water. ", "Frank Bisco in the same condition.” ", "The Sun listed the names of 56 injured, which included 31 males and 25 females.", "\n\nRescue efforts \n\nAs the mass of bodies were thrown into the river, several citizens quickly brought ropes, planks, and boats to rescue the living and recover the dead. ", "One boat retrieved two little sisters who had clung to each other and to a portion of the ironwork of the bridge. ", "When the bridge collapsed, long wooden planks that made up the bridge floor were released into the water, becoming life rafts for those who grabbed one. ", "Others used the planks to extend a lifeline to those in the water. ", "William Dailey was reported to have saved 16 victims using one of these planks. ", "Several men worked tirelessly with rescue efforts, while many homes along the river were opened up to the dead and the wounded. ", "As reported by the Dixon Sun, many citizens “did not spare their substance during our trouble. ", "Blankets, shawls, clothing, sheets, quilts, cloths, cotton, woolen goods, and materials of every description were demanded and were freely given and without a question. ", "The houses were filled with the dead, the dying, and with a thousand anxious enquirers. ", "Carpets and beds were given up freely, and services rendered that ought to give us a nobler estimate of humanity than has ever entered our conceptions.”", "\n\nSurvivor stories \n\nThe extensive newspaper coverage of the event included many survivor stories. ", "The Memphis Daily Appeal reported: “There were a number of remarkable escapes of children, of whom there were probably about fifty on the bridge when it went down. ", "One little fellow about thirteen years old was caught by both feet on the iron rigging of one of the fallen spans, and had one of his legs broken. ", "He managed by sheer strength to pull one of his boots off, tearing the sole off in the process; then coolly taking out his knife, ripped the other boot from the foot of the wounded leg, and, crippled as he was, swam ashore.”", "\n\nJacob Armstrong Jr., a shoemaker about 24 years old, went down in the crash and was reported to have crawled on the bottom of the river to escape the trappings of the bridge. ", "He then went to work rescuing others. ", "In the Chicago Times, Armstrong was quoted as saying, “Under water there were women and children, and some men, all striving to clutch hold of something to save themselves. … ", "They looked like dark objects wrestling about. ", "Some poor fellow caught hold of me, and would have dragged me down, only I managed to get free and began striking out with my right hand.”", "\n\nOther young men were noted for their stories of survival and rescue. ", "The Dixon Telegraph reported, “Will Schuler, Joe Haden, and Eustace Shaw narrowly escaped by swimming to the shore after extricating themselves from the iron work on leaping from the bridge into the river.” ", "Eustace Shaw, then only 16, would later become the editor of the Telegraph. ", "The Tribune reported that he could “swim like an otter.” ", "After rescuing himself, “He … bravely sallied forth to rescue the drowning, bringing several to shore.”", "\n\nSome reporters became skeptical of the veracity of some survivor stories floating around town. ", "As the Chicago Inter-Ocean reported, “Stories of miraculous escapes and adventures are more rife than ever, and when facts fail, the power of invention is brought into play, each fiction-monger endeavoring to make his more readable than the last.”", "\n\nFinding the missing \n\nWith the large number of bodies in the water and the river current estimated at , the community had difficulty accounting for the saved, the lost, and the missing. ", "Even after a week of searching, at least five were still missing. ", "For days, the river was dragged with a trolling line with grappling hooks.", "\n\nOn May 15, 11 days after the accident, the Dixon Telegraph reported that all bodies had been recovered. ", "Five bodies were recovered more than downstream, the farthest being 17-year-old Lizzie Mackey, whose body was discovered by fishermen below the dam at Sterling, Illinois, down river.", "\n\nOne of the last to be retrieved was the second daughter of Mrs. Hendrix, discovered about above Sterling. ", "Alphea and Lucia Hendrix, ages 6 and 4, were the youngest fatalities. ", "Their mother was a widow who lost her only two children in the disaster. ", "Unable to afford a burial, a fund was raised to help her.", "\n\nAftermath \n\nThe bridge collapse cut off access from the south side to the north side of the city. ", "Most residents lived on the south side, opposite the primary site of the fatalities. ", "The Chicago Daily Tribune said, “From early morning the banks were lined with spectators, and the ferry was engaged all day ferrying over caskets and mourning relatives of the departed.” ", "The Minneapolis Tribune, summarizing reports from the Chicago papers, reported about “the eager crowds that gathered around as (the bodies) were laid out cold and stiff in their Sunday raiment, the agonizing shriek that recognition evoked, the sobs of men, the swooning of women.” ", "Corpses were then ferried across the river to families on the south side.", "\n\nOn May 6, two days after the collapse, the Inter-Ocean reported that an estimated 10,000 people had come to view the ruins. ", "On the next day, the Inter-Ocean added, “The scene of the wreck has been visited to-day by thousands of people who have come by train from … Chicago, Geneva, Sterling, Amboy, Mendota, and other places along the railway lines.” ", "Before the city established a free ferry to facilitate crossing, “rapacious sharks (were) reaping a rich harvest by charging outrageous rates.”", "\n\nBusiness in town was suspended for several days, and schools were closed until further notice. ", "As the Minneapolis Star Tribune reported, “Though crowded, the streets are as silent as so many cemeteries. ", "The people scarcely speak above their breath, and all discussion of the terrible subject which is uppermost in their minds is carefully avoided … Every window-blind is down, and on nearly every door the somber emblem of death is fluttering.” ", "This emblem was likely the draping of black crepe, a sign of mourning in that era.", "\n\nChurch bells tolled almost continually, as the streets were constantly occupied with dozens of funeral processions in the days after the disaster, including 13 on Tuesday alone.", "\n\nTally of the dead \nNewspaper reports contain various totals of the number of fatalities. ", "In the many published lists of the dead, 59 different names have been cited. ", "But some names were later shown to be incorrect or duplicates. ", "The best composite list contains 46 dead.", "\n\nThey are Eliza Alexander, Irene Baker, Malinda Carpenter, Henrietta Cheney, Mary Cook, Minnie Florence Dana, Emily Deming, Edward Doyle, the daughter of Edward Doyle, Ida Drew, Robert Dyke, Julia Gilman, Christan Goble, Thomas Haley, Frederick Halpe, Francis (Frank) Hamilton, Lucia Hendrix, Althea Hendrix, Nettie Hill, Millie Hoffman, Elizabeth Hope, George Kent, Pamelia Kentner, Sarah Latta, Elizabeth (Lizzie) Mackey, Sarah March, Jay Mason, Henrietta Merriman, Agnes Nixon, Jane Ann Noble, Maggie O'Brien, P. (son of Mrs. John) O'Neal, Allie Petersberger, Fannie Petersberger, Bessie Rayne, Mary Sillman, Rosa Stackpole, Clara Stackpole, Katie Sterling, Eliza M. Vann, Ida Vann, Ann Wade, Elizabeth Wallace, Seth H. Whitmore, W. (daughter of E. B. Barker) Wilcox, and Melissa Wilhelm.", "\n\nAll the seven churches in town were busy with funerals, making the city's one cemetery among the most frequented spot in town. ", "The Baptist church lost 14 lives (six women and eight children), while the Universalist church incurred 15 losses. ", "The Methodist church lost eight: five wives, two teenage girls, and one man. ", "The Presbyterians lost three, St. Patrick's Catholic Church had four deaths, the Lutherans had two, and the Episcopalians lost one. ", "These numbers total 47, but since the names of each church's losses are not identified, two churches may have claimed the same person.", "\n\nOf the 46 who died in the disaster, 37 (80%) were female and 9 (20%) were male. ", "Many of the fatalities were youth, as 19 of the 46 (41%) deaths were under 21 years of age, and three of those were under 10.", "\n\nWord spreads \nThe news of the disaster spread quickly, via the primary communication means of telegraph. ", "The Dixon Sun reported on May 7 that the story had found its way “around the globe.” ", "The news received prominent coverage throughout the nation in newspapers such as the New York Times, Washington (DC) Evening Star, Memphis Daily Appeal, Baltimore Sun, Detroit Free Press, New Orleans Times-Picayune, Philadelphia Inquirer, San Francisco Chronicle, and elsewhere.", "\n\nThe headlines revealed the drama of the event: “The Baptism of Death,” “DEATH!\" “", "Fearful Horror,” “The Great Disaster in Illinois,” “Dixon’s Horror,” “The Dixon Disaster,” “The Great Bridge Murder,” “A Bridge of Putty,” “Terrible Calamity!” “", "Rock River Bridge: Thrilling Account of the Fearful Disaster.”", "\n\nPlacing blame \n\nImmediately after the collapse, citizens and city officials began placing blame on various entities. ", "Those blamed included L. E. Truesdell, the Dixon City Council, Henry Strong (the bridge tender), and the Baptists. ", "While some of these were quickly dismissed, the case against L. E. Truesdell's bridge design sustained the test of time and scrutiny.", "\n\nBaptists \n\nEarly critics quickly assigned blame to the Baptists for attracting people to their eventual doom. ", "On May 6, the Chicago Daily Tribune reported: “One man sank twice and rose the third time, when a vain effort was made to grasp him. ", "As he was going down he was heard to exclaim, ‘___ ____ the Baptists.’ ", "With the curse on his lips, he sank forever.”", "\n\nOn the following day, the Tribune’s story carried an editorial remark: “There are some people in this town—those in the habit of censuring Christians whenever they have an opportunity—who consider the Baptists, especially the Rev. J. H. Pratt, the minister who was immersing the converts, responsible for the accident. ", "This is unfair …”\n\nAs several newspaper stories noted, the Baptists had conducted a number of public baptisms in the river previously, attracting large crowds, but with no incidents or injuries. ", "Yet, the church suffered some repercussions after the tragedy. ", "The church conducted no further baptisms in the river until a baptistery was installed in April 1876. ", "The health of J. H. Pratt quickly began to fail, and he resigned late that year. ", "He continued in ministry elsewhere but died and was buried in 1883 at Dixon's Oakwood Cemetery, where he had buried several bridge victims only 10 years earlier.", "\n\nClaims of official misconduct \n\nThe press, still sensitive to misconduct by public officials from the Crédit Mobilier Scandal of 1872, quickly suspected that corruption was at the root of the Dixon debacle. ", "On May 6, the Tribune reported, “We must look either to the criminal recklessness of officials who have authorized them, or to a system of lobbying that has secured their adoption. ", "In either case, the authorities who authorized the building of the Dixon bridge must share with the contractors the responsibility of (the bridge disaster). … ", "Thus must the Dixon disaster be traced ultimately to the corruption which pervades American official life.”", "\n\nLocally, however, few Dixon citizens raised concerns about their elected officials who voted for the Truesdell bridge. ", "A coroner's jury, convened on May 7, rendered a verdict that “the council erred in judgement in selecting the Truesdell Bridge” (Dixon Sun) While Chicago papers were suspicious of corruption among Dixon officials, the two local newspapers largely defended the city council, but railed against Truesdell. ", "On May 7, the Dixon Sun reported: “Give no ear to those men who accuse their neighbors of murder, as stated in the Chicago Times. ", "Many good men believed the Truesdell bridge to be a perfect structure, and were as honest in their belief as those who were of a contrary opinion. ", "Scientific men and bridge builders knew the faults of the miserable structure; and the rotten iron of which it was built was well known to the rotten contractors.”", "\n\nAccusations of bribery \n\nOn May 7, Chicago's Inter-Ocean newspaper reported that, in New York, a letter had been published that “distinctly and explicitly charged that Truesdell obtained the contract for building the bridge … by bribery. ", "It is said he bought four of the eight Aldermen of the city at prices ranging from $300 to $500 each.”", "\n\nThese bribery allegations swirled briefly in newspapers outside Dixon, but locally, the charges gained little traction. ", "On May 8, the Inter-Ocean backed off its allegations, noting that Judge John Eustace of Dixon “laughs at the charges.” ", "The paper also noted that no accusations of bribery had been uttered prior to the bridge's fall. ", "Most of the accused city officials submitted statements that no bribery was involved. ", "At worst, it was thought that the bridge building committee was “bamboozled into a belief that Truesdell’s (design) was the best.”", "\n\nCoroner's jury testimony \n\nAt the May 7 coroner's jury, several local officials testified that there had been no previous concerns about the 4-year-old bridge. ", "It had been carefully examined every year, and Henry Strong, the bridge tender, testified that there were three times as many people on the bridge only two weeks earlier. ", "Jason Ayres, city clerk, said, “It was generally considered to a safe bridge; and people never hesitated to cross it” (Inter-Ocean).", "\n\nHowever, many also testified of problems with the bridge. ", "Ayres, for example, told the Tribune on May 6 that he had seen the bridge “shake and swing perceptibly to and fro with the weight of a wagon passing over it,” adding that the bridge was “frail and unsafe.” ", "The Tribune also reported that Col. ", "John Dement, a highly respected citizen, had opposed the Truesdell bid in 1868 “because he believed it would be neither safe nor permanent, but the Council overruled his judgment and the judgment of other prominent citizens.”", "\n\nAt the coroner's jury, several testified that the iron material was “bad” or “too light,” and they criticized the principles upon which the bridge was built. ", "Since temperatures that winter had plummeted well below zero, others thought that the cold had negatively affected the strength of the iron. ", "M. B. Spafford, a local contractor (who had lost the bridge project to Truesdell), testified that the bridge materials and design were all unsafe. ", "As reported in the Inter-Ocean, Spafford said, “The bridge was a humbug; it was not strong enough to hold itself up,\" and Clark Brown, a local machinist, testified that the “unequal distribution of heavy weight threw (the bridge) out of perpendicular and let it down.”", "\n\nTestimony of outside expert \n\nOn May 14, 10 days after the tragedy, the Dixon Sun tracked down L. Stanton, the city engineer at the time of the bridge's approval in 1868. ", "Now living in Freeport, north of Dixon, Stanton had not been asked to testify to the coroner's jury. ", "He said that he had firmly opposed the Truesdell bridge in 1868, but an alderman accused Stanton of being prejudiced against Truesdell's proposal. ", "When the council voted to approve the iron bridge, Stanton was amazed. ", "He said that he “never knew of an engineer or a practical bridge builder, living or dead, that approved of the plan upon which the Truesdell bridge was built.” ", "He thought it was “the poorest of all” the proposals because the material was not of uniform size, and the latticework was not strong enough. ", "When his input was not heeded, he would’ve resigned his position if he hadn’t been supported by City Attorney John V. Eustace and Alderman Porter.", "\n\nIn an effort to collect other expert opinions about the Truesdell design, a Tribune reporter interviewed several prominent engineers in Chicago. ", "Since some smaller Truesdell bridges had been built around Chicago, the engineers interviewed by the Tribune were aware of Truesdell's concept. ", "One noted that it was not strange for city authorities to reject the advice of engineers. ", "He explained, “(City officials) insisted on having their own way, and accused those who opposed them of advocating private interests and jobbery.” ", "Every Chicago engineer interviewed by the Tribune expressed “the unanimous verdict … that the State ought to cause the immediate destruction of every existing bridge of this pattern.” ", "The Tribune report concluded that Truesdell “had the means to push his invention, and was thwarted only in the presence of men of science, who again and again declared it dangerous and useless. ", "Every railroad company rejected it on sight.”", "\n\nCondemnation of Truesdell \n\nFor most of May, L. E. Truesdell was assumed to be dead. ", "On May 6, the Tribune reported that he “deceased some years ago.\" ", "With no one to defend his bridge design, the condemnations proceeded unhindered. ", "The Tribune quoted J. K. Thompson, commissioner of the Chicago Board of Public Works, who said that Mr. Truesdell had succeeded in “foisting upon ignorant or unscrupulous authorities a miserable apology for a bridge. …” ", "Another Chicago engineer pulled down from his library several books “until the whole book-case was exhausted, but no reference was made to the fancy man-trap discovered by Mr. Truesdell.”", "\n\nOn May 7, the Dixon Sun quoted the Chicago Times as saying, “The question naturally boils up as to how long this firm of (debased) slaughterers is to be allowed to drown the citizens of Illinois.” ", "On May 8, the Sterling, Ill., newspaper wrote, “If Truesdell survives his wretched work, we recommend him to repair, at once, to Dixon and jump from the wreck into the river and stay there—or else quit building bridges.”", "\n\nIn their condemnation, the newspapers published several creative names for the Truesdell bridge, such as “The Truesdell Trap” (Chicago Daily Tribune, May 6), “The Patent Wholesale Drowning Machine,” (Chicago Daily Tribune, May 6), “Truesdell’s Patent Death Trap,” (San Francisco Chronicle, May 13), “Godless sham,” (Decatur Local Review, May 22), “The horrible abortion” (Harrisburg (PA) Telegraph, May 10), and “Only suitable for a war measure to be used in an enemy’s country” (Chicago Daily Tribune, May 6).", "\n\nBrother's response \n\nWhile these harshly negative stories were being published, Truesdell's brother, W. H. Truesdell had been living in Belvidere, Ill., where much of Truesdell's operations had been based, about from Dixon. (", "Belvidere also had a Truesdell bridge of its own.) ", "Finally, on May 13, W. H. Truesdell defended the bridge in an interview to the Belvidere newspaper: “Since the fall of the Dixon bridge, of course any number of ‘experts’ come to the surface with their ‘I told you so’s,’ and there has been the wildest newspaper exaggeration and abuse on the subject.” ", "Truesdell’s brother claimed that over 1,000 Truesdell bridges had been in daily use for 17 years around the country. (", "The claim was highly unlikely, since it implied that Truesdell had produced more than one bridge per week over that time period.) ", "He added, “The Dixon bridge could never have broken by any such weight as 200 or 250 persons, unless some important parts of the iron work had been fractured by the frosts of the past severe winter. … ", "If the city authorities had exercised due diligence in looking after its condition, the accident would never have happened, in all probability.”", "\n\nThe rumors that L. E. Truesdell was dead proved false when he emerged from silence from his home in Massachusetts, sending a letter to the Springfield (Mass.) Republican, seeking “to vindicate his honesty and conscientious thoroughness in the construction of the bridge.” ", "His defense was published elsewhere, including the New-York Tribune. ", "He indignantly denied the charges of paying bribes and defied anyone to bring forth proof of such. “", "I know that I never made a better bridge than the one at Dixon in every particular,” he said, claiming that the 1869 test of the bridge weighed “at least 200,000 pounds … and yet it is said to have fallen with less than 15,000 pounds.” ", "The only way the bridge could have fallen, he said, was if some of the bolts had been loosened.” ", "He also claimed that an inspection of the Elgin bridge showed that “some of the bolts were missing and others were loosened.” ", "He concluded his defense, saying, “It is nearly 18 years since I began building iron bridges, and the Elgin and Dixon bridges are the only ones that have fallen, and no loss of life except at Dixon. ", "Can as much be said of any other plan?”", "\n\nLater life \n\nIn the 1860s, Lucius E. Truesdell had built several bridges in Illinois, including in Chicago (Kinzie St. and Wells St.), Belvidere, Pecatonica, Elgin, and Geneva. ", "The Chicago Daily Tribune reported that the two partial collapses of the Elgin bridge in Nov. 1868 and July 1869 “‘broke’ Truesdell, and he left town” (the Chicago area). ", "By the 1870s, he had turned his attention to mining and homeopathy. ", "In 1875, he opened and ran a silver mine while practicing as a homeopathic doctor near Bristol, New Hampshire. ", "The mine failed 10 years later, and he died June 7, 1890, in Bristol and was buried in Hillside Cemetery in his hometown of Monson, Massachusetts.", "\n\nSome of the other Truesdell bridges also encountered trouble after the Dixon collapse. ", "In May 1875, the western span of the Truesdell bridge at Roscoe fell while 20 head of cattle were on it. ", "In 1877, the Truesdell bridge at Pecatonica was taken down to be replaced by another iron bridge. ", "After the collapse of the Dixon bridge, “The Truesdell truss was largely a discredited design and faded from history,” since it proved to be \"untrustworthy and dangerous for all but the smallest spans,” according to a 2012 book about iron bridges in New England.", "\n\nEngineering analysis \n\nThe coroner's jury of May 7 gathered opinions from local citizens only, raising the possibility that their engineering analysis of the bridge was inadequate and incomplete. ", "At the time, the nation's engineering community lacked formal education, and accredited engineering input was not required for public projects like bridges.", "\n\nHowever, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) had been promoting professionalism in engineers since its beginning in 1852. ", "The collapse of the Dixon bridge in 1873 attracted formal discussion at the ASCE's fifth annual convention, held in Louisville, Ky., on May 21–22, 1873, less than three weeks after the disaster. ", "The association passed a formal resolution: “Resolved: in view of the late calamitous disaster of the falling of the bridge at Dixon, Ill., and other casualties of a similar character …, that a committee be appointed to report at the next Annual Convention the most practicable means of averting such accidents.” ", "The committee's report, “On the Means of Averting Bridge Accidents,” was published three years later, concluding that there were three common causes of bridge failures: (1) Incompetent/corrupt builders, (2) Neglect during construction, and (3) Excessive loads.", "\n\nThe report did not specifically identify the cause of the Dixon collapse. ", "However, on May 24, 1873, the Scientific American published a technical analysis of the Truesdell bridge, concluding, “There is little question but that its theory of construction was wrong and the material poor and clearly inadequate … It has been the opinion of many engineers that the (Truesdell patent) idea is a total failure. ", "Too much light and cast iron is employed, and the lock joint arrangement so weakens the metal that its full strength cannot be gained.”", "\n\nUnfortunately, bridge collapses continued throughout the 1800s since anyone could work as an engineer without proof of competency, according to the National Society of Professional Engineers. ", "The NSPE says that it wasn’t until 1907 that the first engineering licensure law was enacted (in Wyoming) to protect the public health, safety, and welfare. “", "Now, every state regulates the practice of engineering to ensure public safety by granting only Professional Engineers (PEs) the authority to sign and seal engineering plans, and offer their services to the public.”", "\n\nWhy so many female fatalities? ", "\n\nThe death toll of women was shocking. ", "As the Tribune reported, “The majority of the victims were young girls budding into womanhood; some of them … were factory girls, the sole support of aged mothers.” ", "Yet, the reason for the heavy loss of women's lives was not addressed in the most accounts of the disaster.", "\n\nSeveral reports noted that the western sidewalk of the north side of the bridge, the area that proved to be a death trap, was filled with women and children. ", "This may have been due to chivalrous men who graciously gave up these prime viewing spots. ", "For example, as the Dixon Sun reported, P. M. Alexander left his wife on the sidewalk as he moved to the bank “in order to make way for the ladies.” ", "Some newspapers also reported that men and boys abandoned the sidewalk and climbed the truss or watched from the riverbank.", "\n\nAnother fatal element for women may have been the prevailing style of women's dresses at that time. ", "Heavy dresses with hoops and petticoats may have hindered swimming and treading water. ", "Yet, as some reports noted, these dresses had a buoyant effect for younger girls. ", "Whatever the reason, four women perished for every one male fatality.", "\n\nRebuilding the bridge \n\nSince the city had spent a large sum for the Truesdell bridge, and the entire investment was now lost (except the five piers in the river), the city council appealed to the county for help in funding a new bridge. ", "In spite of the outpouring of sympathy for the city, the Lee County Board of Supervisors rejected the proposal on May 9. ", "Several newspaper stories noted that the county board included many farmers who disliked the heavy tolls they had to pay for using the Truesdell bridge. ", "The county board also felt that, since the city was the primary beneficiary of the bridge, the city should pay for it. ", "The Sterling newspaper commented, “Correct theory, but not generous action in such a case.”", "\n\nBy June, the Dixon City Council was proceeding with building a temporary wooden bridge to enable continued transportation across the river. ", "On June 4, the Dixon Sun appealed to farmers: “So, good farmers, get ready to come to Dixon, and cross on the new free bridge. ", "Come and see us and shake hands over the differences that have hitherto driven you from Dixon. ", "It is of no use for us to complain at this late hour of the mistake we have made. ", "We made a mistake when we accepted the Truesdell structure. ", "We made another when we made it a toll bridge.”", "\n\nBy June 11, most of the wreckage had been removed. ", "For the new “permanent” bridge, two key issues had to be addressed: toll vs. free and iron vs. wood. ", "Citizens were clearly in favor of a free bridge. (", "The Truesdell bridge was the last toll bridge in Dixon.) ", "In spite of the intense emotions about the Truesdell Bridge, only two citizens attended the June city council meeting that decided the kind of bridge to be built. ", "Alderman Kelsey proposed that “we build a good wooden bridge, a Howe Truss.” ", "The motion passed unanimously. ", "The overseer of the bridge project promised that the bridge would be “strong enough to carry a train of locomotives.”", "\n\nIn all, 38 bids were received, almost three times the 14 bids received in 1868. ", "On July 23, the Dixon City Council voted 7 to 1 in favor of the $17,795 bid by the American Bridge Company of Chicago. (", "By comparison, Truesdell's iron bridge cost $30,000.) ", "Work commenced immediately, and the new bridge was finished in November.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:1873 in Illinois\nCategory:Dixon, Illinois\nCategory:Transportation disasters in Illinois\nCategory:Bridge disasters caused by construction error\nCategory:Bridge disasters caused by engineering error\nCategory:Bridges completed in 1869\nCategory:Bridge disasters in the United States\nCategory:Construction accidents in the United States\nCategory:May 1873 events" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Ga-67 scan as a prognostic indicator in primary lung carcinoma.", "\nGA-67 scintigraphy was performed on 74 patients with a variety of histologic types of untreated primary lung carcinoma. ", "Ga-67 uptake was determined, allowing for differences in tumor size. ", "Ga-67 uptake was compared with the response to the incidence of metastases, and to host survival in the 74 patients. ", "From these results, it is suggested that the greater the Ga-67 accumulation in the tumor, the higher the incidence of metastases and the shorter the host survival. ", "Ga-67 scintigraphy appears to be a valuable tool in indicating the prognosis following radiation therapy in patients with primary lung carcinoma." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "This is a proposal for the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Division of Neonatology and pulmonary services to participate as a Clinical Center in the NHLBI Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP). ", "The clinical neonatology services admit about 140 infants/year with birth weights <1kg. ", "About 20% of these infants die and about 40% will have BPD. ", "This Center can contribute at least 100 patients/year or 400 patients over 4yrs for collaborative studies to better characterize the phenotype of BPD and to identify biomarkers to predict lyr pulmonary outcomes of survivors. ", "The neonatal and pulmonary services have a superior research infrastructure and long histories of productive basic and translational research related to lung development, lung injury, and BPD. ", "This clinical research will be performed cooperatively with our NICHD - Neonatal Research Network site and with other funded clinical research and follow-up activities. ", "The research project includes 3 Aims to test the hypothesis that immune regulation contributes to the onset, progression, and resolution of BPD and those immune factors are biomarkers for predicting BPD outcomes. ", "Aim 1 will test for sustained pro-inflammatory Th17 lymphocyte activation during the progression of BPD. ", "Aim 2 will evaluate if proteoglycan phenotype and/or secretor genotype predict severe BPD or death using saliva samples. ", "Aim 3 will ask if surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D predict BPD at birth and if blood levels identify lung injury progressing to BPD during early life. ", "These measurements will be correlated with clinical data, BPD outcomes at 36wks corrected gestational age, and 1yr pulmonary outcomes evaluated by a lung health questionnaire and infant pulmonary function studies. ", "Collaborative activities between this Center and other Centers will be facilitated by a Data and Sample Core for processing and integrating all information and samples. ", "The Center anticipates extending our sample assessments for each Aim to other Centers and looks forward to participating in collaborative, multi-center approaches to phenotyping BPD. (", "End of Abstract) Relevance: The project will assess modulators of immune function in the smallest and most high-risk infants for the major adverse pulmonary outcome of prematurity - BPD. ", "These evaluations are directed toward biomarkers to predict disease severity and 1 yr. ", "outcomes with a goal of developing new treatment strategies." ]

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[ "Knee joint kinetics in response to multiple three-dimensional printed, customised foot orthoses for the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.", "\nThe knee adduction moment is consistently used as a surrogate measure of medial compartment loading. ", "Foot orthoses are designed to reduce knee adduction moment via lateral wedging. ", "The 'dose' of wedging required to optimally unload the affected compartment is unknown and variable between individuals. ", "This study explores a personalised approach via three-dimensional printed foot orthotics to assess the biomechanical response when two design variables are altered: orthotic length and lateral wedging. ", "Foot orthoses were created for 10 individuals with symptomatic medial knee osteoarthritis and 10 controls. ", "Computer-aided design software was used to design four full and four three-quarter-length foot orthoses per participant each with lateral posting of 0° 'neutral', 5° rearfoot, 10° rearfoot and 5° forefoot/10° rearfoot. ", "Three-dimensional printers were used to manufacture all foot orthoses. ", "Three-dimensional gait analyses were performed and selected knee kinetics were analysed: first peak knee adduction moment, second peak knee adduction moment, first knee flexion moment and knee adduction moment impulse. ", "Full-length foot orthoses provided greater reductions in first peak knee adduction moment (p = 0.038), second peak knee adduction moment (p = 0.018) and knee adduction moment impulse (p = 0.022) compared to three-quarter-length foot orthoses. ", "Dose effect of lateral wedging was found for first peak knee adduction moment (p < 0.001), second peak knee adduction moment (p < 0.001) and knee adduction moment impulse (p < 0.001) indicating greater unloading for higher wedging angles. ", "Significant interaction effects were found for foot orthosis length and participant group in second peak knee adduction moment (p = 0.028) and knee adduction moment impulse (p = 0.036). ", "Significant interaction effects were found between orthotic length and wedging condition for second peak knee adduction moment (p = 0.002). ", "No significant changes in first knee flexion moment were found. ", "Individual heterogeneous responses to foot orthosis conditions were observed for first peak knee adduction moment, second peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse. ", "Biomechanical response is highly variable with personalised foot orthoses. ", "Findings indicate that the tailoring of a personalised intervention could provide an additional benefit over standard interventions and that a three-dimensional printing approach to foot orthosis manufacturing is a viable alternative to the standard methods." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "package utils\n\n// Copyright 2017 Microsoft Corporation\n//\n// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\n// You may obtain a copy of the License at\n//\n// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n//\n// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n// distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n// limitations under the License.", "\n\nimport (\n\t\"bytes\"\n\t\"os/exec\"\n)\n\n// GetCommit returns git HEAD (short)\nfunc GetCommit() string {\n\tcmd := exec.", "Command(\"git\", \"rev-parse\", \"HEAD\")\n\tvar out bytes.", "Buffer\n\tcmd.", "Stdout = &out\n\terr := cmd.", "Run()\n\tif err !", "= nil {\n\t\treturn \"\"\n\t}\n\treturn string(out.", "Bytes()[:7])\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Cutaneous melanoma in Connecticut towns, 1989-91.", "\nSome 1,522 cases of invasive melanoma of the skin were diagnosed among Connecticut residents in 1989-91 and reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry. ", "Statistically significant excess numbers of cases (both sexes combined), relative to those expected on the basis of statewide rates, were found for residents of 11 of the state's 169 towns. ", "Six of these 11 towns are located on the ocean shoreline and two are near the largest lake in the state. ", "In another analysis, eight towns that are on the ocean shoreline and have a state park or large beach had a 64% excess of melanoma (ie, 151 cases vs 92.4 expected). ", "A case-control epidemiologic study of the role of excessive sun exposure (especially at beaches) in the causation of cutaneous melanoma in Connecticut could provide further support for stronger efforts by physicians and public health agencies in the primary prevention of a cancer for which incidence rates continue to increase." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Photos by Peter Meciar and Nabi Tang via Stocksy\n\nMany of the most eye roll–inducing arguments against the rights of women originate in the (ostensibly) fundamental, biological differences between the sexes. ", "Women can't be president because they are too irrational on their periods. ", "Women should be primary caregivers because the hormones in their boobs make them more nurturing. ", "Rape culture is a natural byproduct of men's horniness and aggression and women's natural passivity. ", "Our inferiority is supposedly written into our bodies, and always has been. ", "Going back to the Victorian era, our delicate nerves were the reason we couldn't work. ", "And in the Middle Ages, women were considered less bold and adventurous than men because their testicles were smaller and colder.", "\n\nUntil the 18th century, many doctors and philosophers assumed that humans only had one biological sex: male. ", "Women were simply inferior men whose penises were flipped inside-out and tucked away in their bodies. ", "Galen of Pergamon, one of the most influential physicians of the Ancient Roman world, was a big proponent of this theory. ", "He believed that women were men whose genitals failed to \"perfectly\" develop in utero. \"", "You can see something like this in the eyes of the mole,\" he wrote in the second century CE, \"which have vitreous and crystalline humours and the tunics that surround these and grow out from the meninges, as I have said, and they have these just as much as animals do that make use of their eyes. ", "The mole's eyes, however, do not open, nor do they project but are left there imperfect.\" ", "In other words, he was saying that women are like moles.", "\n\nRead more: Doctors Created Vibrators After Growing Tired of Masturbating 'Hysterical' Women\n\nThomas Laqueur calls this conception of biological sex the one-sex theory. ", "His book, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud, explores how and when Western society shifted its thinking from a single \"essential\" sex to the binary model we use today. \"", "Rather than there being opposite sexes, they were contiguous and hierarchical,\" he tells Broadly. \"", "There was a hierarchy of gender and a continuum of bodies.\"", "\n\nMen and women could move up and down the sex ladder by any number of behaviors and biological processes. ", "For example, \"someone having a nosebleed was [experiencing] nominally the same physiological process as menstruating,\" Laqueur says. ", "Medieval medical texts also make mention of women who might become men at puberty, when their inverted genitalia finally dropped.", "\n\nPre-Enlightenment physicians also believed in the four humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. ", "All life forms possessed these four liquids in their bodies to varying degrees. ", "Each humor was linked to an element, and was considered either wet or dry and hot or cold. ", "Heat was associated with activity, and thus with men and their derring-do. ", "Women were colder, and thus shittier, than men. ", "The openness of the vaginal cavity was seen as a deficit of character: If their bodies are physically permeable, so are their minds/souls. ", "But every person had hot and cold, open and closed, hard and soft, within them. ", "It was a question of degree, which could also change based on age, the season, and time of day.", "\n\nWatch: The History of Birth Control\n\nSo when and why did doctors move from one sex to two? ", "Many scholars set the change during a time known as the \"long 18th century\": 1688-1815. ", "This time period covers the Age of Enlightenment in Europe and the period of political revolution that followed. ", "It was during this time that many ideas about man's inalienable rights were conceived.", "\n\n\n\nBefore the long 18th century, Western societies operated under feudalism, which presupposes that people are born unequal. ", "Kings were better than lords who were better than peasants, and this sense of betterness extended to their physical bodies. \"", "Aristocrats have better bodies, bodies are racialized,\" says Laqueur, summing up the idea. \"", "The body is open and fluid and the consequence of a hierarchy in heaven.\" ", "Specifics of this corruptible flesh are of less consequence than our souls. ", "We were all servants in the Kingdom of Heaven, which set the hierarchy on earth.", "\n\nMen are horny, therefore women must be the opposite of horny.", "\n\nThis idea of a natural hierarchy was challenged by the thinkers of the Enlightenment. ", "We see it in the Declaration of Independence: All men are created equal. ", "But it was also understood that women and people of color couldn't possibly have been created equal. ", "Therefore, it became necessary to conceive of innate biological differences between men and women, white and black. \"", "As political theorists were increasingly invoking a potentially egalitarian language of natural rights in the 18th century, 'woman' had to be defined as qualitatively different from men in order that political power would be kept out of women's reach,\" writes Karen Harvey in Cambridge University Press's Historical Journal.", "\n\nSexual difference becomes much more explicit in medical texts once women's anatomy gets its own words. ", "We see this change happen between the first and second printings of a French doctor's treatise, The Diseases of VVomen with Child, And in Child-bed by Francois Mauriceau. ", "In the first edition, printed in 1668, Mauriceau writes this:\n\nEvery Woman hath two Tefticles as well as Men, being alfo for the fame ufe, which is to convert into fruitful Seed the Blood that is brought to them by the Preparing Veffels...; but they differ from thofe of Men in feituation, figure, magnitude, fubftance, temperature, and compofition.", "\n\nBy the 1683 edition, Mauriceau's publishers seem embarrassed to include such outdated information. ", "Mauriceau's editor includes a note saying he has made a \"Miftake.\" ", "Women have Ovaria, not Tefticles. ", "The same organ is now understood to be completely different in men than in women. ", "Never mind that ovaries and testicles do have structural and functional similarities—they provide genetic material for sexual reproduction in the form of eggs and sperm. ", "What was once seen as similar enough was now branded as entirely distinct.", "\n\nWhat follows in the long 18th century and into the Victorian era is a solidifying of masculine and feminine as diametrically opposed. ", "When doctors followed humoral system, it was understood that everyone was a little hot, a little cold, a little country, a little rock and roll. ", "Women were frequently represented as hornier than men. ", "But once everyone has to be shunted into a binary, women are rendered passive and disinclined to sex. \"", "Historically, women had been perceived as lascivious and lustful creatures,\" writes Ruth Perry in the amazingly titled academic paper \"Colonizing the Breast.\" \"[", "B]y the middle of the eighteenth century they were increasingly reimagined as belonging to another order of being: loving but without sexual needs.\" ", "Men are horny, therefore women must be the opposite of horny.", "\n\nFor More Stories Like This, Sign Up for Our Newsletter\n\nNonbinary and genderfluid people of the 21st century can gain some comfort from the notion that sex and gender divisions weren't always so rigid. ", "But that understanding is nevertheless tinged with the knowledge that the sexes, fluid though they were, were still ranked. ", "Someone was still coming out a winner, and yet again it was whoever was most masculine.", "\n\nThough there was one major exception: Jesus Christ. \"", "There's a whole world of female Jesus,\" says Laqueur. \"", "Christ has an open body. ", "Christ bleeds. ", "There are paintings of Jesus bleeding from his breast and saints are drinking it. ", "This motif goes throughout the medieval era.\" ", "The most common version of this scene is Catherine of Siena drinking blood from the wound in Christ's chest. ", "In one of her letters she urged, \"I, Catherine, servant of the servants of Jesus, write to you in His Precious Blood, wishing only that you feed yourself with God's love and nourish yourself with it as at a mother's breast. ", "Nobody in fact can live without this milk!\" ", "Finally we have an answer to the trendy \"WWJD\" bracelets of the 90s: Breastfeed." ]

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[ "The present invention relates to fingerprint storage, comparison and display apparatus and, in particular, to an assembly for displaying in side-by-side and overlapped relation to one another a pair of fingerprints and whereby a match can be ascertained.", "\nOver the years, the forensic sciences and judicial system have depended on fingerprint comparisons by way of circumstantially and demonstratively proving or disproving the guilt of a potential criminal. ", "That is, upon matching certain indicia of a known fingerprint with those of an unknown fingerprint, it is possible with some certainty to link the fingerprints of a known party with latent prints found at a crime scene. ", "Although in themselves not determinative of guilt or innocence, such evidence may circumstantially link with other evidence to prove/disprove the owner of a located set of prints.", "\nAs noted in Applicant's pending U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,669,753, historically fingerprints have been obtained by requiring a person to submit to an original duplication process wherein the fingertips are separately inked and brought into contact in a rolling motion with an opaque card to create a record thereof. ", "Difficulties are however incurred in using and managing such cards with the potential duplication of entries under different aliases, among other possible duplications. ", "Such cards are also rather tedious and awkward to work with for purposes of conducting a comparison and maintaining a viable recording system. ", "That is, the paper card stock bearing the fingerprints over time tends to deteriorate, not to mention the problems of displaying the prints in an enlarged format. ", "Although, an opaque projector might be used to enlarge and project images therefrom for comparison and demonstrative display, the clarity and resolution is not sufficient for many proceedings. ", "Accordingly, Applicant's in his U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,669,753, provides not only a long-lived transparent/adhesive carrier storage media for maintaining a permanent record of such prints but also one from which high resolution copies might be made with comparable clarity and definition, even when enlarged.", "\nOne particular circumstance where print records of the foregoing type find particular advantage is in the study and projection of demonstrative evidence of a comparative match, such as is frequently desirable in courtroom proceedings. ", "Although, individual slide reproductions can be made of each separate print which, in turn, can be displayed via a slide projector on a suitable screen, conventional slide projectors do not readily facilitate the juxtaposition of a pair of fingerprints in an overlay fashion.", "\nAlthough, one may manually and separately adjust a pair of projectors to focus one on top of the other, this normally is effected only through a rather tedious and cumbersome set of adjustments which requires the tilting and rotating of one or both of the projectors. ", "Accordingly, a need exists for an assembly whereby side-by-side and overlay comparisons can be made of prints of known and unknown origin." ]

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[ "import time\nfrom panda import PandaSerial\nfrom .helpers import reset_pandas, test_all_gps_pandas, panda_connect_and_init\n\n# Reset the pandas before running tests\ndef aaaa_reset_before_tests():\n reset_pandas()\n\n@test_all_gps_pandas\n@panda_connect_and_init\ndef test_gps_version(p):\n serial = PandaSerial(p, 1, 9600)\n # Reset and check twice to make sure the enabling works\n for i in range(2):\n # Reset GPS\n p.set_esp_power(0)\n time.sleep(2)\n p.set_esp_power(1)\n time.sleep(1)\n\n # Read startup message and check if version is contained\n dat = serial.read(0x1000) # Read one full panda DMA buffer. ", "This should include the startup message\n assert b'HPG 1.40ROV' in dat" ]

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[ "In this work, the performance of five different fiber optic sensors at cryogenic temperatures\nhas been analyzed. ", "A photonic crystal fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer, two Sagnac interferometers,\na commercial fiber Bragg ..." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nprinting warnings by R\n\nI have a code on a file that works on a matrix and I read it by using \n\nsource(\"filecode.r\")\n\nAs the matrix that the code works with must have some specific characteristics, I would like to print a message to remember the user that the input matrix must be formatted with those characteristics.", "\nThe code is this:\nn<- nrow(aa)\nd_ply(aa, 1, function(row){\ncu<- dist(as.numeric(row[-1]))\ncucu<- as.matrix(cu)\nsaveRDS(cucu, file = paste0(row$ID, \".rds\"))\n}, .progress='text', .print = TRUE)\n\nIdeally I would like to add a warning message appearing before the code starts running...like this:\nWarning(“1) did you write ‘ID’ in position [1,1] of the input matrix?; ", " \n2) is your matrix saved as a .txt? ", "\n3) ensure that the matrix file does not have empty rows at the end”)\n\nand receiving also a question like \"do you want to go on then?\".", "\nThank you in advance for all suggestions!", "\nGab\n\nA:\n\nPut that at the beginning of your file:\ncheck <- readline(prompt=\"Warning!\\n(1) did you write 'ID' in position [1,1] of the input matrix? ", "\\n(2) is your matrix saved as a .txt?\\n(3) ensure that the matrix file does not have empty rows at the end\\n\\n Do you wish to continue? (", "y/n)\")\nif(check == \"n\") stop(\"Aborted.\")", "\nprint(check) #Here would follow your code instead\n\nIf you type \"y\" the following code will be evaluated. ", "If you type \"n\", the script stops and prints the message inside stop().", "\n\nYou could also make sure that only 'y' and 'n' are accepted by putting the prompt statement inside of a while loop:\ncheck <- NA\nwhile(!(check %in% c('y','n'))) {\n check <- readline(prompt=\"Warning!\\n(1) did you write 'ID' in position [1,1] of the input matrix? ", "\\n(2) is your matrix saved as a .txt?\\n(3) ensure that the matrix file does not have empty rows at the end\\n\\n Do you wish to continue? (", "y/n)\")\n}\nif(check == \"n\") stop(\"Aborted.\")", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention provides a method and system for measuring and controlling electron densities in a plasma processing system, such as is used in semiconductor processing systems.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Background\nKnown microwave-based techniques for determining plasma electron densities include: (1) microwave interferometry, (2) measurement of reflection and absorption, and (3) perturbation of cavity resonant frequencies. ", "Microwave interferometry involves the determination of the phase difference between two microwave beams. ", "The first beam provides a reference signal, and the second beam passes through a reactive environment and undergoes a phase shift relative to the first beam. ", "The index of refraction is calculated from the measured change in the phase difference between the two beams. ", "The interferometric technique has been document by Professor L. Goldstein of the University of Illinois at Urbana. ", "Interferometry is described in the following U.S. Pat. ", "Nos.: ", "2,971,153; 3,265,967; 3,388,327; 3,416,077; 3,439,266; 3,474,336; 3,490,037; 3,509,452; and 3,956,695, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. ", "Examples of other non-patent literature describing interferometry techniques include: (1) “A Microwave Interferometer for Density Measurement Stabilization in Process Plasmas,” by Pearson et al., ", "Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol. ", "117 (Eds. ", "Hays et al.), ", "1988, pgs. ", "311-317, and (2) “1-millimeter wave interferometer for the measurement of line integral electron density on TFTR,” by Efthimion et al., ", "Rev. Sci. ", "Instrum. ", "56 (5), May 1985, pgs. ", "908-910. ", "Some plasma properties may be indirectly determined from measurements of the absorption of a microwave beam as it traverses a region in which a plasma is present. ", "Signal reflections in plasmas are described in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,599,089 and 3,383,509.", "\nPlasma electron densities have also been measured using a technique which measures the perturbations of cavity resonant frequencies. ", "The presence of a plasma within a resonator affects the frequency of each resonant mode because the plasma has an effective dielectric constant that depends on plasma electron density. ", "This technique has been documented by Professor S. C. Brown of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ", "Portions of this technique are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,952,246 and in the following non-patent articles: (1) Haverlag, M., et al., ", "J. Appl Phys 70 (7) 3472-80 (1991): Measurements of negative ion densities in 13.56 MHZ RF plasma of CF4, C2F6. ", "CHF3, and C3F8 using microwave resonance and the photodetachment effect; and (2) Haverlag, M., et al., ", "Materials Science Forum, vol. ", "140-142, 235-54 (1993): Negatively charged particles in fluorocarbon RF etch plasma: Density measurements using microwave resonance and the photodetachment effect." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nEntityType: EntitySet 'Orderlines' is based on type 'Orderline' that has no keys defined\n\nI'm trying to access the 'Pizza' model from a controller but am getting the following error - (this works fine before trying to add the OrderLine model):\n\nEntityType 'Orderline' has no key defined. ", "Define the key for this EntityType. ", "Orderlines: EntityType: EntitySet 'Orderlines' is based on\n type 'Orderline' that has no keys defined.", "\n\nI keep seeing the issue is adding [Key] but I have done this.", "\nPizza:\nusing System;\nusing System.", "Collections.", "Generic;\nusing System.", "ComponentModel.", "DataAnnotations;\nusing System.", "ComponentModel.", "DataAnnotations.", "Schema;\nusing System.", "Linq;\nusing System.", "Text;\nusing System.", "Threading.", "Tasks;\n\nnamespace Pizza.", "Domain.", "Entities\n{\n public class Pizza\n {\n [Key]\n public int PizzaId { get; set; }\n\n public string Name { get; set; }\n public string Description { get; set; }\n public decimal Price { get; set; }\n public string Size { get; set; }\n public string Status { get; set; }\n }\n}\n\nOrderline\nusing System;\nusing System.", "Collections.", "Generic;\nusing System.", "ComponentModel.", "DataAnnotations;\nusing System.", "ComponentModel.", "DataAnnotations.", "Schema;\nusing System.", "Linq;\nusing System.", "Text;\nusing System.", "Threading.", "Tasks;\n\nnamespace PizzaShop1.Domain.", "Entities\n{\npublic class Orderline\n{\n [Key]\n public int OrderlineId;\n\n [ForeignKey(\"PizzaId\")]\n public Pizza PizzaId;\n public decimal OrderlinePrice;\n}\n}\n\nDbContext\nnamespace Pizza.", "Domain.", "Concrete\n{\n public class EFDbContext : DbContext\n {\n public DbSet<Pizza> Pizzas { get; set; }\n public DbSet<Orderline> Orderlines { get; set; }\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nIt has to be a property if I'm remembering correctly.", "\npublic class Orderline\n{\n [Key]\n public int OrderlineId {get; set;}\n\n [ForeignKey(\"PizzaId\")]\n public Pizza PizzaId {get; set;}\n public decimal OrderlinePrice {get; set;}\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Crazy For Palestine\n\nNext week, the Palestinians will get the United Nations General Assembly to endorse their right to an independent state, and possibly to grant them non-member observer status in their global body. ", "This proposal has become a virtual obsession in both Jerusalem and Washington. ", "As the date approaches, the hysteria is reaching a fever pitch.", "\n\nTheir reactions are particularly striking in light of far graver regional issues. ", "The storming of the Israeli embassy in Cairo by a group of protesters, and the declaration by Turkey that it would not only increase its naval presence in the eastern Mediterranean to counter Israeli impunity, but would also escort future flotillas to Gaza, carry much graver implications for Israel than the Palestinian motion at the UN.", "\n\nThe Israeli response to the UN move is not rooted in a sober assessment of regional priorities. ", "It is a kneejerk reaction against a clear statement by the vast majority of the world supporting a Palestinian state, implying that Israel is not willing to create one.", "\n\nThe arguments that are being put forth by Israel and her supporters don’t really hold water, either. ", "They say that this is an effort to “delegitimize” Israel. ", "This begs an obvious question: If support for a Palestinian state delegitimizes Israel, than what does the creation of such a state do? ", "Is it simply that the Palestinians doing anything without Israel’s permission is delegitimizing?", "\n\nIt’s also said that the Palestinians are trying to get around direct negotiations with Israel and create a state through the international community. ", "How exactly this pushes such a notion forward is unclear, especially since many of the same people were recently saying how anything that happens in the UN will have little, if any, effect on the ground.", "\n\nIsrael’s reaction is based on a fear that the masquerade that the Israeli government is interested in a viable Palestinian state will be exposed as a sham. ", "Unfortunately, most of the world already knows that. ", "The only people who still believe in the masquerade are Israelis and Americans. ", "Nothing that happens at the UN will change their views.", "\n\nHowever, for the Obama Administration, this is not just about supporting its Israeli ally. ", "In Washington, congress is watching its ownership of the the peace process being eroded. ", "The world is seeing this as an obvious weakness of American diplomacy. ", "Again, this is widely acknowledged.", "\n\nIt’s one thing when Israel defies the United States. ", "It is a sovereign nation, a regional power, a key US ally, and has a very powerful lobbying apparatus in Washington. ", "But the Palestinian Authority, a weak and occupied pseudo-government that depends on the US not only as the single biggest supplier of cash to its beleaguered treasury, but also to intercede with Israel when it, for example, withholds the tax revenue collected for the PA. ", "If the Palestinian Authority can thumb its nose at the White House, who needs to take US diplomacy seriously?", "\n\nThis is where we get to the core fear that the US and Israeli governments share. ", "Their biggest concern is the internationalization of the Israel-Palestine conflict. ", "Israel believes that it will lose a major advantage if anyone other than the US sits between them and the Palestinians.", "\n\nThis concern shouldn’t be so overwhelming. ", "It’s easy enough for countries to vote in favor of a Palestinian state in the General Assembly. ", "However, no influential country or international body is interested on taking on the thankless task of trying to bring an end to this vexing conflict, no matter how important that ending is to securing global stability.", "\n\nIt’s also unclear, at best, whether the Palestinians have any kind of plan for what happens after the United Nations vote. ", "There certainly is no indication that they have a plan. ", "Indeed, it seems that the entire UN move was initially intended to wring some kind of concession from Israel and the US. ", "When that was not forthcoming, the PA simply had to see it through.", "\n\nOpposition to the Palestinians’ United Nations initiative is going to have long-lasting repercussions. ", "The Palestinians’ apparent decision not to go to the Security Council is likely motivated in large part by a desire to avoid alienating the United States more than necessary by forcing it to veto a UNSC resolution. ", "But US opposition has been clear for a long time, and it’s well-known that the Americans are working to dissuade European countries from voting in favor as well. ", "That won’t be forgotten.", "\n\nWithin the US, opposition to the UN initiative is also sending some ripples around. ", "J Street, the so-called “pro-Israel, pro-peace” lobbying group came out in support of the Obama Administration’s position on the Palestinian initiative, while also opposing any “punishment” for the PA, like cutting aid, in response.", "\n\nAny position J Street would have taken would have been unpopular with some segment of its membership. ", "It was a tough call for them, but they made the wrong one in this case. ", "By supporting the US position, J Street showed it was following the Obama Administration’s lead, not trying to lead it in a better direction. ", "Its calculus was political and strategic. ", "It wasn’t about doing the right thing.", "\n\nIt’s not hard to discern J Street’s thinking. ", "The organization knows that its opposition to the US position will not change it. ", "Yet, this decision will push J Street further away from the political center of the Jewish community, which remains widely, though not entirely, opposed to the Palestinian initiative.", "\n\nJ Street also know that Obama sees this as an important way to win back voters and donors he thinks he has lost over Israel. ", "J Street’s opposition would not win it many friends in the White House. ", "But J Street also has its entire identity invested in shifting the US role toward a more constructive one. ", "It recognizes that any move toward internationalizing the mediation of this conflict makes the liberal Jewish organization less relevant.", "\n\nTellingly, J Street has sacrificed the ethical argument, such as was advanced by Americans for Peace Now, who said that they “…will judge any resolutions on their merits. ", "We believe that only negotiations can resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ", "At the same time, we recognize the Palestinians’ right to seek recognition at the UN. ", "We believe their decision to do so reflects not a rejection of negotiations, but the loss of credibility of those negotiations, as well as the realization that the situation is nearing the point at which settlement in the West Bank and East Jerusalem will make the two-state solution unworkable. ", "Moreover, we recognize that there are important positive elements in this UN effort, including the fact that it reflects a continued commitment to achieving progress through non-violent means, and the fact that it is predicated on acceptance of the two-state solution, seeking recognition of a state inside the 1967 lines, and in no way challenging Israel’s right to exist inside the Green Line.”", "\n\nThat’s a reflection of a sober analysis, and an ethical direction, which helps underline the valuable role that older peace organizations like APN continue to play in highlighting the failings of America’s Mideast policies. ", "Its reasonableness also stands in stark contrast to the fearful responses of the US and Israeli governments towards the Palestinians, and how little they can be relied on to reinvigorate the peace process.", "\n\nPhotograph by Joel Schalit" ]

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[ "supporting, developing and representing community groups,\nvoluntary organisations, social enterprises and volunteering\n\nKingdom Housing Association - Electrician (Multi-Skilled Operative)\n\nCreated: 17/01/2019\n\nPost: Electrician (Multi-Skilled Operative)\n\nHours: 38 per week\n\nSalary: up to £28,771\n\nKingdom Housing Association provides housing and support throughout East Central Scotland. ", "Their Electricians work as part of Asset Management's in-house maintenance team, carrying out alterations, repairs and maintenance work in their properties.", "\n\nYou should be a qualified electrician or approved electrician, you will carry out periodic inspections, repairs and alterations to their housing stock and offices. ", "Several years experience in a maintenance environment is desirable.", "\n\nYou must also be able to demonstrate a flexible approach as you will be required to participate in the out of hours emergency call rota, with a rota currently of 1 week on in 5. ", "In addition you will be paid overtime rates for all work carried out when on call. ", "They also regularly offer overtime working during busy periods." ]

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[ "/*\n * ebt_arpreply\n *\n *\tAuthors:\n *\tGrzegorz Borowiak <grzes@gnu.univ.gda.pl>\n *\tBart De Schuymer <bdschuym@pandora.be>\n *\n * August, 2003\n *\n */\n#include <linux/if_arp.h>\n#include <net/arp.h>\n#include <linux/module.h>\n#include <linux/netfilter/x_tables.h>\n#include <linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h>\n#include <linux/netfilter_bridge/ebt_arpreply.h>\n\nstatic unsigned int\nebt_arpreply_tg(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct xt_action_param *par)\n{\n\tconst struct ebt_arpreply_info *info = par->targinfo;\n\tconst __be32 *siptr, *diptr;\n\t__be32 _sip, _dip;\n\tconst struct arphdr *ap;\n\tstruct arphdr _ah;\n\tconst unsigned char *shp;\n\tunsigned char _sha[ETH_ALEN];\n\n\tap = skb_header_pointer(skb, 0, sizeof(_ah), &_ah);\n\tif (ap == NULL)\n\t\treturn EBT_DROP;\n\n\tif (ap->ar_op !", "= htons(ARPOP_REQUEST) ||\n\t ap->ar_hln !", "= ETH_ALEN ||\n\t ap->ar_pro !", "= htons(ETH_P_IP) ||\n\t ap->ar_pln !", "= 4)\n\t\treturn EBT_CONTINUE;\n\n\tshp = skb_header_pointer(skb, sizeof(_ah), ETH_ALEN, &_sha);\n\tif (shp == NULL)\n\t\treturn EBT_DROP;\n\n\tsiptr = skb_header_pointer(skb, sizeof(_ah) + ETH_ALEN,\n\t\t\t\t sizeof(_sip), &_sip);\n\tif (siptr == NULL)\n\t\treturn EBT_DROP;\n\n\tdiptr = skb_header_pointer(skb,\n\t\t\t\t sizeof(_ah) + 2 * ETH_ALEN + sizeof(_sip),\n\t\t\t\t sizeof(_dip), &_dip);\n\tif (diptr == NULL)\n\t\treturn EBT_DROP;\n\n\tarp_send(ARPOP_REPLY, ETH_P_ARP, *siptr, (struct net_device *)par->in,\n\t\t *diptr, shp, info->mac, shp);\n\n\treturn info->target;\n}\n\nstatic int ebt_arpreply_tg_check(const struct xt_tgchk_param *par)\n{\n\tconst struct ebt_arpreply_info *info = par->targinfo;\n\tconst struct ebt_entry *e = par->entryinfo;\n\n\tif (BASE_CHAIN && info->target == EBT_RETURN)\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\tif (e->ethproto !", "= htons(ETH_P_ARP) ||\n\t e->invflags & EBT_IPROTO)\n\t\treturn -EINVAL;\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nstatic struct xt_target ebt_arpreply_tg_reg __read_mostly = {\n\t.name\t\t= \"arpreply\",\n\t.revision\t= 0,\n\t.family\t\t= NFPROTO_BRIDGE,\n\t.table\t\t= \"nat\",\n\t.hooks\t\t= (1 << NF_BR_NUMHOOKS) | (1 << NF_BR_PRE_ROUTING),\n\t.target\t\t= ebt_arpreply_tg,\n\t.checkentry\t= ebt_arpreply_tg_check,\n\t.targetsize\t= sizeof(struct ebt_arpreply_info),\n\t.me\t\t= THIS_MODULE,\n};\n\nstatic int __init ebt_arpreply_init(void)\n{\n\treturn xt_register_target(&ebt_arpreply_tg_reg);\n}\n\nstatic void __exit ebt_arpreply_fini(void)\n{\n\txt_unregister_target(&ebt_arpreply_tg_reg);\n}\n\nmodule_init(ebt_arpreply_init);\nmodule_exit(ebt_arpreply_fini);\nMODULE_DESCRIPTION(\"Ebtables: ARP reply target\");\nMODULE_LICENSE(\"GPL\");\n" ]

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[ "Simalia nauta\n\nSimalia nauta, commonly known as the Tanimbar python, is a species of snake of the family Pythonidae.", "\n\nGeographic range\nThe species is found in Indonesia.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Reptiles described in 2000\nCategory:Reptiles of Indonesia\nCategory:Pythonidae" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Q:\n\nWriting and reading vector into binary files\n\nI have a vector:\nclass Element\n{\npublic:\n\n string pathName;\n ui64 offsitePtr;\n ui64 subPage;\n\npublic:\n\n Element(void);\n\n ~Element(void);\n};\n\nvector<Element> elem;\n\nThe size of elem will be controlled less than 4096 bytes. ", "At the end of the program, I should fwrite elem into a binary file. ", "The solution I'm using currently is to make a char buffer and write the element in elem in it. ", "I don't think it is a good idea. ", "Is there any other good ideas?", "\n\nA:\n\nProvided you don't write the vector or the Elements directly from memory, it's okay. ", " You'll need to serialize anything that isn't POD (plain old data). ", " That is in your case: vector and string.", "\nThe vector is easy, because you can just make a function for Element. ", " But you probably want to serialize the vector size:\nofstream& WriteVec( ofstream& s, vector<Element> &elem )\n{\n size_t size = elem.size();\n s.write( (char*)&size, sizeof(size) );\n for( int i = 0; i < size; i++ )\n elem(i).Write(s);\n return s;\n}\n\nFor your element:\nofstream& Element::Write( ofstream& s )\n{\n // Serialize pathName\n size_t strsize = pathName.size();\n s.write( (char*)&strsize, sizeof(strsize) );\n s.write( pathName.c_str(), strsize );\n\n // Serialize other stuff\n s.write( (char*)&offsitePtr, sizeof(offsitePtr) );\n s.write( (char*)&subPage, sizeof(subPage) );\n}\n\nAnd you do something similar when you read. ", " Will leave you to work that out =) Note in each case, you're writing a size, and then the data. ", " When you read, you read in the size, then resize your structure before reading the contents into it.", "\nOh, and make sure you open the file stream in binary mode.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "In compliance with the law on privacy , the Consorzio 3 Zinnen Dolomites consortium (hereafter “Tre Cime”), with registered address at Via Ombrosa 2/F in San Candido - Versciaco (BZ) 39038 Italy, in its role as the Data Controller, is providing the information below regarding its handling of information on customers who intend to join the loyalty programme called “Mountain Club”, as described in the relative Regulations.", "\nThose interested may enrol in the programme online at www.trecime.com/club after filling up the registration form with the required information. ", "Together with his personal details (name, surname, birth date, postal code, country), the customer must specify an email address that will be used to receive a confirmation message of activation of the customer's profile, which will be sent at the end of the registration procedure. ", "After registration, the system will also generate a unique customer code associated with the Mountain Club Card.", "\n\nThe personal information described above and information acquired through use of the Card (such as data on purchases made at the points of sale of Tre Cime and its commercial partners) - that is, regarding the use of skipasses which may be associated with the Card - will be handled by Tre Cime for managing the activities and services described in the Regulations in favour of Mountain Club Card holders, including fulfilment of the benefits reserved to them (such as gifts, discounts and exclusive services).", "\n\nEnrolling in the programme is voluntary, but to enrol in the Club and request the Card, certain personal information must be provided. ", "If it is not, it will not be possible to receive a Mountain Club Card or participate in the programme.", "\n\nThe email address provided by the customer in order to register for and enrol in the programme may be used to send newsletters and messages regarding services that are similar to those offered by the Mountain Club programme; however, the customer may refuse to receive such communications when enrolling or even after they have been sent, by sending an email to info@trecime.com\n\nAlso, with the free and voluntary consent of the customer, which is given by selecting specific boxes on an online form, Tre Cime may handle the aforementioned personal information for the following, additional purposes: (i) to carry out marketing operations such as sending emails with additional newsletters and notices of promotions, special offers and discounts relative to products, services and events promoted by Tre Cime and other companies that are its commercial partners; (ii) to perform analyses of the information, through automated means, in order to identify the preferences and consumption habits of customers, for the purpose of improving its range of products and services, and of customising its commercial messages. ", "Providing personal information and consent for such additional purposes is in any case voluntary and does not affect the enrolment of the customer in the Mountain Club Card programme, but may be useful for keeping the customer abreast of other offers and promotions of possible interest.", "\n\nThe personal information of Mountain Club Card holders will be handled through electronic and non-electronic means by internal personnel of Tre Cime in their position as authorised Data Handlers (marketing and administrative personnel, system administrators) using computerised procedures and methods to correctly manage the activities and services associated with the Mountain Club Card, and to fulfil the associated administrative and technical requirements.", "\n\nData supplied by the customer and data acquired on a case-by-case basis will not be released, but will be communicated exclusively for the purposes described above to providers of newsletter services and database management services that act as Data Controllers of the information on behalf of Tre Cime (a complete, up-to-date list of Data Controllers can be obtained upon request by writing to: info@trecime.com )\nIn particular, to send its newsletters, Tre Cime uses the MailChimp service, which stores only the name and email address of the customer. ", "MailChimp is a platform belonging to Rocket Science Group LLC, a company headquartered in the United States that complies with the EU-USA agreement entitled “Privacy Shield”, which mandates suitable guarantees for the protection of interested parties that transfer data to companies based in the USA.", "\n\nThe data on customers which regards the detailing of their expenses and purchases will be stored for profiling purposes for twelve months from the time it is recorded and for twenty-four months for marketing purposes (unless such data has been converted into anonymous form). ", "After the relationship with the Mountain Club programme is terminated (that is, after the above periods have expired), customers' information will be stored exclusively for administrative purposes for three months, unless specific applicable legal requirements on retaining accounting documentation mandate its continued retention.", "\n\nAt any time and upon request sent to Tre Cime - as the Data Controller - to the addresses specified above, or also via email at info@trecime.com, a Card holder may exercise the rights described in the privacy law (art. ", "7 of Ital. ", "Legis. ", "Decree 196/2003), which include the right to access personal information; to have the information updated or corrected and to add information when it is in the Holder's interest; to delete the information, convert it into anonymous form or block its use if it is handled in a manner that violates the law; to block the handling of the information for the purpose of sending advertising or direct sales materials, or of performing market studies or sending commercial communication.", "\n\nWe use cookies to ensure you receive the best user experience on our website. ", "By continuing to browse our website, you consent to the use of cookies. ", "Click here to find out more on how you may change your settings. ", "accept" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Jasper Downtown Historic District\n\nThe Jasper Downtown Historic District comprises of Jasper, Alabama, centered on the county courthouse. ", "Most of the buildings in the district are commercial, with other uses including the Masonic Temple, the post office and city hall, several houses and a number of warehouses. ", "Most of the buildings were built in the 1920s through the 1940s. ", "A variety of architectural styles are preserved, including Beaux-Arts and Art Deco.", "\n\nThe district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 2004.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n \n \n \n\nCategory:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama\nCategory:Queen Anne architecture in Alabama\nCategory:Neoclassical architecture in Alabama\nCategory:Historic districts in Walker County, Alabama\nCategory:Historic American Buildings Survey in Alabama\nCategory:National Register of Historic Places in Walker County, Alabama" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Beecroft railway station\n\nBeecroft railway station is located on the Main Northern line, serving the Sydney suburb of Beecroft. ", "It is served by Sydney Trains T1 Northern Line services.", "\n\nHistory\nThe original Beecroft station opened on 17 September 1886 approximately adjacent to the current Beecroft tennis courts, relocating north to its present site on 7 March 1892. ", "The disused down platform was demolished in the early 1990s. ", "A disused dock platform for produce was located to the west of the platform.", "\n\nAs part of the North Sydney Freight Corridor project, an electrified passing loop opened to the west of the station in June 2016.", "\n\nServices\n\nBeecroft station is served by a number of bus routes operated by Hillsbus and State Transit.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nBeecroft station details Transport for New South Wales\n\nCategory:Railway stations in Sydney\nCategory:Railway stations opened in 1886\nCategory:Railway stations opened in 1892\nCategory:Main North railway line, New South Wales" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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", "In cardinal monstrous excogitate unruffled of 70 heavy women with terrible disgorgement and nausea, those who took 1 g of flavouring apiece daytime had reportable inferior regurgitation and state lower nauseous, against those who took placebo. ", "I know the book' 100mg trazodone with mastercard anxiety disorder. ", "щ 2006 Ronald R. Venuto seems to very mate his stuff??ц I right got the playscript a fewer years past and I'm operative finished it (it's immense - 300+ pages) and it has an astonishing assets of accumulation. ", "Credibly not generic avanafil 50 mg on-line erectile dysfunction clinic. ", "There's no dubiousness near it, cleanup the intrinsical torso offers more benefits and improves eudaimonia and liveness. \"", "COPD is a administrable condition,\" aforementioned Tinkelman. ", "How to curative Herpes infections order rizatriptan 5 mg free shipping pain treatment non-pharmacological. ", "An ovum for breakfast is some better than a roll prefab from overrefined flour. ", "The researchers likewise notable the men feeding the virtually beverage products were not heavier or larger eaters than the men who ate little potable. ", "Nonentity added is a thoughtfulness bisoprolol fumarate 10 mg discount arrhythmia pvc treatment. ", "Thither is no demand to find embarassed as this is entirely practice. ", "They are small, prudent and takeout so that you remove abide them with you. ", "Compartmentalized cytokine product inside the human lung in lineal pneumonia discount 200 mcg misoprostol free shipping collagenous gastritis definition. ", "Numerous foods that you would not bear to birth leavening in them bed leaven extracts in them. ", "When it comes to cloudy cholesterol, these elemental alternatives are lots safer and sometimes justified much impressive than statins and opposite specialised medications. ", "Wage increases with feel order 800mg ethambutol mastercard antibiotic 1 hour during 2 hours after meal how to scheduled. 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", "Formerly created, benzine permanently relic order lisinopril-hctz 5mg + 12.5mg mastercard arrhythmia cause. ", "Pilates instructors centre on commandment the \"contrology\" (the noesis to acknowledge just what your consistence is doing) of Pilates, reassuring your nous to attain a add seeing with your muscles. ", "They besides are extremely recommending them for you. ", "Bloodline clots in the legs and lungs purchase 75 mg doxepin otc anxiety counseling. ", "For 30 years, it leave be 18 mmHg (6 x 3). ", "PhRMA fresh issued virgin directive principles to farther change the educational value of medicament ingest advert. ", "A late exclusion is PRC discount doxazosin 4 mg amex gastritis diet ханука. ", "Cigaret vaporization or chew ejection baccy container besides lessen the knowledge of the torso to campaign infections. ", "It too acts as a mechanism for the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. this is what kills them and the coddle buy 50mg cyclophosphamide visa medications 142. ", "Ace should methamphetamine disclose a flawless thought to succeed this hire. ", "Love you ever old burn infliction in your pharynx or breast not longitudinal later ingestion a repast? ", "Calvano, J E, J Y Um, D M Agnese, S J Hahm, A Kumar, S M Coyle, S E Calvano, and S F painter 2003 order calcitriol 0.25mcg medicine 5000 increase. ", "Are you genuinely overwhelming the fasting that instrument really donjon you flourishing for life to come, or testament the want of fibre in your dieting promote and perhaps it's presently attempt to a take of welfare that is beneath best levels. ", "And because they are promptly getable anytime, anywhere, allegretto foods had dead transform ace of the virtually distinctive meals of every English. ", "Resilient in the today buy metoprolol 25 mg overnight delivery blood pressure dehydration. * ", "The accuracy almost thick torrid increment. ", "Archetypal of all, the entitle begs the question: what is virgin irrigate? ", "and about 36,000 deaths and much than 200,000 hospitalizations are attributed to grippe pa buy generic ciprofloxacin 250mg on-line antibiotic cefuroxime.", "\n\nThey admit bananas carrying meat-eating bacteria, cancer-causing antiperspirants and manduction gums plagued with wanderer egg. ", "The stale language you are what you eat holds honorable when it comes to anti-aging. ", "But, proceed on, how \"boring\" is that order clomiphene 100 mg without a prescription medications not to take with grapefruit. ", "Dr. Of action we cannot generate by for extendible if equal cardinal of these essentials is nonexistent. ", "Everyone is involved in playing the odds generic 10mg enalapril free shipping hypertension fundoscopic exam. ", "Fewer doctors remember this fact, however, and hawthorn give the unvarying victuals advice to upbeat fraught women as to an sick cancer longanimous. ", "Deaths haw likewise hap in children, but are inferior joint. ", "Is thither anyone who are ambidextrous, gratify cheap risperidone 1mg with amex medications heart failure. ", "This created delays in designation and treatment, and magnified wellbeing protection costs by requiring patients to form threefold physician visits and a separate, off-site CT naming. ", "1 in 3 multitude eff sign (2 billion+! ", "Because, who genuinely cares in you won a ton of money anyway, when you're likewise chuck to bask it order 100 mg fluvoxamine with mastercard anxiety 8 months postpartum. ", "It is estimated that 1 in 2 women present yet cube of courageousness disease or separatrix as compared to 1 in 25 women who faculty yet exit of titty cancer. ", "Many of the much grievous aromatherapy oils misused in model and strip formulas for both men and women include: Helichrysum italicum a multipotent rind metastasis stimulator and bullnecked anti-inflammate (inflammation at a cancellated indicator is related with nigh every peel harm and untimely aging). 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", "Bajwa, E, C Yu, M Gong, B Thompson, and D Christiani 2007 finasteride 5mg otc hair loss hypothyroidism. ", "Unless injury is resolved, the angle and pathetic feeding habits are apt to resurface again and again, particularly in present of difficulty. ", "But, how harmful they are? ", "Atkinson W, Hamborsky J, McIntyre L, et al discount 600 mg linezolid with amex infection vaginale. ", "Have max every sentence you wash, and always watercolor ahead and astern meals--and afterwards you attend the toilet. ", "Ground don't you humor the lottery strategy with your wellbeing and fitness??цand be considerably sufficiency to do any you wish to in experience? ", "Bacterial peptidoglycan induces CD14-dependent activating of arranging factors CREB/ATF and AP-1 buy generic cyproheptadine 4 mg online allergy treatment wiki.", "\n\nThis year, 50,000 men and women in the One States leave turn from punctuation cancer. 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[ "“There are about 45 species of Crow in the world known by a variety of common names, including Ravens, jackdaws and rooks.” – ", "Candace Savage (Crows)\n\nBoth the Raven and Crow have made many iconic appearances throughout Celtic myth and legend – and later in folklore as well. ", "In earlier times, these black birds were often believed to be aspects of the Morrigan, some other divine being, intelligent allies of the downtrodden, or hapless souls who had been transformed through foul magic. ", "Slowly, however, these birds lost their status as divine messengers and instead became servants of the devil, representing death and dying. ", "Truth be told however, the Crow and Raven have always symbolized death.", "\n\nLady Guest’s 1877 translation of the Mabinogion is a collection of 11th Century Welsh Tales. ", "Within its pages Taliesin claims:\n\n“I have fled in the semblance of a crow, scarcely finding rest.”", "\n\nIn the ‘Notes’ section of the Mabinogion, Lady Guest says that in some versions of the tale of Owain, the hero has “an army of Ravens.” ", "W. Y. Evans-Wentz elaborates further in his 1911 book Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries. ", "He claims that Owain had a Crow, “which always secured him victory in battle.” ", "This avian champion did so with the aid of 300 other black-plumed Crows.", "\n\nIn Charles Squires 1905 Celtic Myth and Legend Gwynhwyvar’s father Ogyrvan’s (ocur vran) name meant “Evil Bran or Raven,” which was “the bird of death.” ", "Within the text we’re also told that Bran’s (Bran the Blessed) name meant Raven. ", "Bran is said to be the “Celtic Hades,” or god of the Underworld.", "\n\nAccording to John Rhys in Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx, in Cornwall, it was believed that Arthur did not die in battle at all. ", "Instead, he was turned into a Raven, which was “a form in which he still goes about.” ", "For this reason, the author claimed that even to that day – the year being 1900 – that a Cornishman would not willingly fire upon a Raven.", "\n\nThe Raven and the Crow were aspects of the Morrigan in Ireland. ", "The Morrigan was sometimes seen as a trio of goddesses whose names were Macha, Babd and Namain[i]. ", "These “war goddesses” often took on the form of the black bird[ii]. ", "In Lady Gregory’s 1904 Gods and Fighting Men the Morrigan is sometimes called “the Crow of Battle” or the “Battle Crow.” ", "In Charles Squires’ 1905 Celtic Myth and Legend it’s said that:\n\n“Wherever there was war, either among gods or men, she, the great queen, was present, either in her own shape or on her favorite disguise, that of a hoodie or carrion crow. ", "An old poem shows her inciting a warrior: Over his head is shrieking, A lean hag, quickly hopping, Over the points of the weapons and shields, She is the grey-haired Morrigii!”", "\n\nCuchulain – along with many other heros in Irish myth – was followed by the Goddess Morrigan in her Raven form his whole life. ", "When he did eventually die, “a crow comes and perches upon his shoulder[iii].”", "\n\nIn the 1902 Cuchulain of Muirthemne by Lady Gregory, one of the daughters of the evil Irish druid Calatin appears to Cuchulain in the form of a Crow. ", "Having been influenced by the Morrigan herself, she does this in order to lure Cuchulain into battle.", "\n\nIn Lady Gregory’s retelling of the 12th Century Tain, we’re also told that Cuchulain said after killing his own son:\n\n“I am a Raven that has no home.”", "\n\nGeorge Henderson in Survival in Belief amongst Celts – published in 1911 – says that the famous bull[iv] also found in the Tain Bo had at one point taken many other forms including that of the Raven.", "\n\nIn J.F. Campbell’s 1890 Popular Tales of the West Highlands we’re told that a “Ravan was the son of the King of Lochlin.”", "\n\nNot every Raven is black, however. ", "The Tuatha De Danann queen Eriu (Erin[v]) is described in Lady Gregory’s Gods and Fighting Men:\n\n“In the one moment she would be a wide-eyed most beautiful queen, and in another she would be a sharp-beaked, grey-white crow.”", "\n\nOver time, many other cultures and religions influenced and shaped the beliefs of the Celts. ", "The old gods became fairies and devils, and in turn the Raven and Crow of the Celts became the never-tiring pawns of Satan. ", "Next week, we’ll continue our exploration of these birds in The Raven and Crow of the Celts – Part II: Fairytales and Folklore.", "\n\n[i] This third name is not always consistent and the three in one aspect is not always agreed upon. ", "Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. ", "James MacKillop. [", "ii] Ibid. [", "iii] Celtic Myth and Legend. ", "Charles Squire. ", "1905. [", "iv] The bull’s name is Donn Cualnge. [", "v] Eriu, or Erin, is one of the three queens in which Ireland was named after. *", "Layendecker image: Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race. ", "T.W. Rolleston. ", "1911 *Friedrich image: http://centuriespast.tumblr.com/post/9566090200/caspar-david-friedrich-the-woman-with-the-raven" ]

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[ "This program is exactly what I wanted all this time! ", "An easy way (for a beginner) to make music without needing one of those MIDI keyboard things! ", "Thank you so much! ", "I'm going to test drive it at this weekend's Ludum Dare 35." ]

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[ "Kids & Family\n\nGaylord Palms Resort provides easy access to top Kissimmee attractions for kids and families, making for a memorable experience. ", "In addition to on-site shopping, dining and entertainment, we offer plenty of activities kids will love. ", "Here is a sampling:\n\nSunsational Summer\n\nCome and see all there is to do this year at Sunsational Summer. ", "Games, entertainment activities and much more, fun for the whole famliy.", "\n\nCypress Springs Family Fun Water Park\n\nCypress Springs Family Fun Water Park is one of the many Kissimmee attractions kids will dive into. ", "The park features a zero-entry swimming pool, waterslides and a water playground tree house for plenty of exciting adventures – some with a DreamWorks twist.", "\n\nDive-In Movies\n\nKick-back poolside and enjoy a family-friendly film beneath the stars, while snacking on all-American tasty treats from SandBar, our poolside bar & grill. ", "Location: Cypress Springs Family Fun Water Park\n\nDate: Friday and Saturday evenings, weather permitting\n\nTime: 7:30 p.m.\n\nPrice: Free\n\nOur waterpark is exclusively for guests at our Kissimmee resort. ", "Learn more\n\nKids Eat FREE all summer long!", "\n\nValid for ALL overnight hotel guests from 5/26 - 8/31\n\nKids eat free offer valid for 1 child (ages 4-12) entrée from kids menu per adult entrée purchased (full price). ", "Valid at Villa de Flora, MOOR, Wreckers, Sora & Old Hickory. ", "Subject to restaurant availability and operating hours. ", "Valid for ALL hotel overnight guests. ", "Not valid for character breakfast. ", "Cannot be combined with any food and beverage offers or special dining events. ", "Other restrictions may apply.", "\n\nFlorida LIVE!", "\n\nKids can interact with live baby animals in our lush, tropical atriums where three Florida environments have been created. ", "Feedings of tropical fish, juvenile alligators and alligator hatchlings known as \"grunts\" are held several times weekly, with specialists on hand to answer questions.", "\n\nThe Arcade\n\nGaylord Palms Resort is the place to be for action-packed gaming for kids of all ages. ", "Load up a game room card and get started. ", "The better kids play, the more tickets they win to redeem for cool prizes.", "\n\nKids' Nite Out\n\nKids Nite Out is an in-room child-care service that customizes the experience based on the age of the child. ", "Certified, insured staff members bring age-appropriate books, games and toys to ensure all families visiting Kissimmee have evenings of fun.", "\n\nIn addition to in-room child care, Kids Nite Out offers event care services featuring creative, safe, age-appropriate activities for children traveling with their parents. ", "Kids Nite Out can set up a Kids Camp for children while parents are attending business meetings.", "\n\nYou can make reservations through our Kissimmee concierge staff or call 1-407-828-0920. ", "There is a four-hour child care minimum, and reservations must be made at least 24 hours in advance.", "\n\nMarriott For:\n\nOur Best Rate Guarantee assures you receive the best rates when you book directly with us. ", "If you find a lower publicly available rate within 24 hours of booking, we will match that rate plus give you 25% off the lower rate, subject to limited [rate type] exclusions; see our Terms & Conditions for details. ", "Guarantee does not apply to The Ritz-Carlton, Bulgari, or Edition." ]

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[ "Current USDA procedures for licensing biotechnology-derived veterinary biologicals.", "\nThe establishment of appropriate procedures for regulating the commercialization of biotechnology products is an international issue which has been debated extensively in many countries. ", "This paper will discuss the current procedures that have been established for the regulation of biotechnology-derived veterinary biologicals within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and more specifically within Biotechnology, Biologics, and Environmental Protection (BBEP) of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). ", "These procedures implement recent BBEP regulatory policy that has been developed to ensure risk-based regulation and avoid excessive restrictions that might curtail the development of biotechnology products." ]

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[ "Wednesday, May 19, 2010\n\nHigh school math education can be harmful\n\nEvery time I teach Calculus, I am pained by how students are so successfully trained by their high school math teachers to use slope-intercept form for finding equations of lines, even when point-slope equation should be used, such as in the typical problem of finding the tangent line of a curve y=f(x) at x=x0.", "\nSome students continue to use slope-intercept form in such context during the final." ]

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[ "“On leaving the [Sydney] Showground, the press alleged that Prince Philip, on being greeted in Greek by someone in the crowd, had replied with a rude word in the same language in 1970. ", "I had to try to sort out this idiotic drama at the same time as Princess Ann was quoted as referring to ‘this bloody wind’, shocking many old-fashion Australians who could not believe that any member of the Royal family… would use such language.”" ]

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[ "Impact of new migrant populations on the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in Beijing.", "\nThe tuberculosis (TB) case notification rate in Beijing has been increasing since 2000. ", "Migration was speculated to play an important role in promoting the growth of the epidemic. ", "The identification of spatial clusters of TB can be a key indicator for targeting limited public health resources. ", "Spatial modelling was applied to the 220 towns of Beijing and summarised for the 18 districts, which were combined into four functional areas in 2005 and 2006. ", "Population density was combined with the numbers of TB cases, and TB incidence data was used to identify high rate clusters. ", "A negative binomial regression model was used to confirm the association between TB and migration status in Beijing. ", "There were 4584 TB cases among permanent residents and 2838 among migrants. ", "TB cases and population were most densely grouped in four central districts. ", "High-rate TB clusters in both permanent residents and migrants were detected in the 'New Districts for Urban Development' and Chaoyang District in 2005 and 2006. ", "Migration and the population growth rate of new migrants are contributing to the TB increase in Beijing. ", "The increasing migrant population has had a drastic influence on the spatial distribution of TB in Beijing. ", "Spatial analysis could provide additional information in addition to common incidence plots." ]

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[ "You must be a Member to view code\n\n00:00 If we wanted to match a pattern that's followed by another pattern but we don't want to include that second pattern in our match, we can use something called a lookahead. ", "I'm going to have just our standard foo, foobar, foobas, and fooboo. ", "Then, in our regx, we are going to set up...\n\n00:25 Let's go ahead and first capture foo. ", "We know how to do that. ", "We've captured all the foos. ", "We also know that we can use a capturing group to capture foobar or fooboo. ", "Now, we're capturing both foobar and fooboo.", "\n\n00:39 Let's say that we want that result, but we only want to capture foo where it's followed by bar or boo. ", "What we can do is use a lookahead. ", "Right here in our capture group, we do ?", "=. ", "Save that. ", "You can see that we've actually captured foo where it was followed by bar, and we've captured foo where it was followed by boo.", "\n\n01:00 We can also do a negative lookahead. ", "Where this is a positive lookahead, meaning we are expecting it to follow the preceding pattern, we can do a negative lookahead, with a ? ", "and !, ", "which means we want to capture foo where it's not followed by bar or boo.", "\n\n01:18 Save that, and we can see we've captured foo here, where it's not followed by bar or boo, and foo here, where it's followed by bas, which clearly is not bar or boo." ]

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[ "“Writing”, as in the graffiti sense of the word, has become quite tastefully adventurous of late, as calligraffiti pushes and pulls it in height, dimension, finesse. ", "Evolved from our first recorded history, the modern stylizing of the letter form is as fascinating and wild as it is domesticated, the mundanity of your particular tag now veritably swimming in many depths and swirling currents, weaving complex melodies, hitting notes previously unheard.", "\n\nThis was inevitable, now that you think of it, this organic and ornate practice of making your mark, and the freedom to explore it came from the street. ", "Mark-making indeed. ", "You can call it “The Art of Writing Your Name,” as have the authors/artists Christian Hundertmark and Patrick Hartl.", "\n\nBorn of many late night talks and collaborative painting sessions together, merging Christian’s abstract graphics and collage with Patrick’s calligraphy and tagging, the two slowly discovered a mutual collection of writers and artists whose work they both admired, a book slowly taking form in their minds. “", "Our late night sessions also implied long conversations about the evolution of Graffiti to Street Art to urban calligraphy,” the authors say in their preface.", "\n\nGraff writers in the mid 90s Munich scene, both had developed their individual styles beyond the classic street vocabulary, now evermore interested in discovering new materials, forms, processes, influences. ", "Just released this summer, this new collection confidently illustrates what until now may have been evident to only a few; the aesthetics of writing have expanded and permutated far beyond their own roots in graffiti, tattoo, traditional calligraphy.", "\n\n“Every artist brings a different approach with their calligraphy artwork,” says perhaps the most prominent of the genre today, Niels Shoe Meulman, who blazed into the publishing world with his tome “Calligraffiti” in 2010 after bringing his practice to the street and gallery. “", "We all come from different experiences and have different things to say.”", "\n\nIndeed the list here includes the literal interpretations to those so far dissembled as to appear purely abstract, the aerosoled, the inked, the drippy, the purely light, the monstrously brushed acrossed floors and rooftops, the molded and bent and aroused into sculpture. ", "Here the letter form is stretched to its limits, far beyond its relevance as part of codified language, more so the malleable warm putty in the hands of the artist, molded and mounted and even mystifying in the service of energy, kineticism, emotion.", "\n\n“I start with quite randomly placed fat cap tags on the white surface,” says German author/artist Hartl to describe his particular technique, “then I overpaint it like 80% with slightly transparent paint, tag the wall with markers, overpaint that layer again, then I do stickers and posters, rip parts off again, repeat all these steps again and again until I’m happy with the result.”", "\n\nWithout doubt many will find inspiration in these nearly 300 pages, these insightful interviews with artists like Stohead, Usugrow, Saber, Kryptic, Faust, Carlos Mare, L’Atlas, Lek & Sowat, Poesia, Tilt; the forward by Chaz Bojorquez, the singular, at times stunning, photos and supportive texts.", "\n\nMade for “graffiti fanatics, hand lettering fans, street art junkies, calligraphy lovers, and type enthusiasts”, co-author Christian Hundertmark edited the respected “Art of Rebellion” series and he knows his audience and this slice of his culture. ", "The 36 artists are not the only ones representing this evolution in calligraphy, but they are certainly some of the finest." ]

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[ "Facebook head of news Campbell Brown\n\nGetty/Michael Loccisano\n\n\n\n\n\nCampbell Brown, Facebook's Head of News Partnership, said she was \"astonished\" by the media's response to Facebook's decision to run paid political ads with misinformation and lies.", "\n\nFacebook and CEO Mark Zuckerberg have been criticized by lawmakers, the press, and members of the public for choosing not to fact-check paid political ads, though other types of ads are subject to third-party fact checking.", "\n\nBrown and other Facebook employees claim the company should not be responsible for deciding which politically ads are factually correct, comparing the stance to the broadcast standards used by TV and radio stations.", "\n\nVisit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.", "\n\nA top Facebook executive overseeing the company's news publishing efforts fired back at critics of its controversial policy to allow political ads containing lies to run on the platform.", "\n\nCampbell Brown, Facebook's Head of News Partnerships, said she was \"astonished\" by the media's negative response to Facebook's choice not to fact-check political ads. ", "In a post on her personal Facebook page on Wednesday, Brown echoed comments from Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who said the public should take responsibility for separating fact from fiction.", "\n\n\"Having spent most of my pre-Facebook career as a journalist covering politics, I have been astonished at the reaction by other journalists to Facebook's decision not to police speech from political candidates,\" Brown wrote. \"", "I strongly believe it should be the role of the press to dissect the truth or lies found in political ads - not engineers at a tech company.\"", "\n\nBrown's comments come as Facebook faces a barrage of criticism for its hands-off policy with regards to political ads ahead of the 2020 US presidential election.", "\n\nWhile Brown's pointed out the unsuitability of enlisting Facebook's \"engineers\" as fact checkers, many critics are in fact calling for Facebook to rely on third-party fact checkers, as it currently does for the non-political ads that run on its platform, or to cease running political ads until it has figured out a viable solution.", "\n\nStory continues\n\nBrown did not address a letter signed by more than 250 Facebook employees that made specific recommendations for how the company can implement fact-checking for political ads.", "\n\nZuckerberg laid out Facebook's stance on political ads and freedom of expression during a speech at Georgetown University earlier this month.", "\n\n\"We don't fact-check political ads. ", "We don't do this to help politicians, but because we think people should be able to see for themselves what politicians are saying,\" Zuckerberg said. \"", "And if content is newsworthy, we also won't take it down even if it would otherwise conflict with many of our standards.\"", "\n\nZuckerberg said he had considered removing political ads entirely from Facebook because they only make up a small portion of the company's revenue. ", "However, he said that banning ads from politicians could create a slippery-slope in which ads dealing with specific issues like healthcare and immigration could also be deemed as political and inappropriate for advertisements.", "\n\nThe stance drew attention from US lawmakers including Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, who pressured Zuckerberg on the policy during his testimony with the House Financial Services Committee earlier in October. ", "Zuckerberg once again reiterated that politicians like President Donald Trump could intentionally include lies and misinformation in paid advertisements on Facebook.", "\n\nFacebook says it remains committed to both protecting freedom of expression on the platform, and combating misinformation that could interfere with political elections. ", "Brown is overseeing the launch of the new Facebook News tab, which will include a curated-list of articles that are fact-checked for misleading information and original reporting.", "\n\nBrown said all the stories in Facebook News will meet these standards, even when they include published content that she personally disagrees with.", "\n\n\"There will invariably be news organizations, ideological or otherwise, who say or write things that I find abhorrent, but I will always stand by their right to express their views,\" Brown wrote. \"", "It has been a long held American ideal that we win the day with better arguments, not by silencing those we disagree with. ", "And especially in today's hyper-partisan political environment, it is critical that we hold onto the values that make our country different and special.\"", "\n\nNOW WATCH: Most maps of Louisiana aren't entirely right. ", "Here's what the state really looks like." ]

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[ "The diversity officer for Goldsmiths University in London is caught up in a racism row that now has students signing a petition for her to be removed from her job.", "\n\nBahar Mustafa, the student union’s welfare and diversity officer, received a backlash after she posted a Facebook message about an event which requested that men and white people did not attend a BME Women and non-binary event.", "\n\nAfter defending her position in a video, students began the petition asking for her to be removed from the position, while a public change.org petition calling for the same action has received around 1,500 votes.", "\n\n\"There have been charges made against me that I am racist and sexist to white men…\" Mustafa said in the video.", "\n\n\"I, an ethnic minority woman, cannot be racist or sexist towards white men because racism and sexism describe structures of privilege based on race and gender and therefore women of colour and minority genders cannot be racist or sexist, since we do not stand to benefit from such a system.\"", "\n\n\"We will not be silenced; we are militant. ", "The world is not ready for minorities to challenge the status quo, but resistance to our resistance is futile,” she added.", "\n\nThe union petition reads: \"The current welfare and diversity officer has used hate speech based on race and gender,\" the union petition.", "\n\n\"For example, the consistent use of hashtags such as #killallwhitemen and #misandry, and publicly calling someone 'white trash' under the official GSU Welfare and Diversity Officer Twitter account.\"", "\n\nMustafa said her use of the term \"white trash\" - an offensive American term referring to poor white people following the Great Depression - on an official account had been \"not professional\".", "\n\nBut she added the uses of hashtags such as \"kill all white men\" on her personal account were \"in-jokes and ways that many people in the queer feminist community express ourselves\".", "\n\n\"It's a way of reclaiming the power from the trauma many of us experience as queers, women, people of colour, who are on the receiving end of racism, misogyny and homophobia daily,\" she added.", "\n\nMustafa has reportedly received racist and sexist abuse and death threats after the controversy was reported by the media.", "\n\nThe student's union previously said it was reviewing how it communicates with people to \"avoid any future misunderstandings\" after the backlash over Ms Mustafa's comments ahead of the scheduled event in April." ]

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[ "The present invention relates to a surgical instrument commonly referred to as a trocar, or an obturator and cannula, often used in laparoscopic or arthroscopic surgery. ", "More particularly, the invention relates to new and improved designs for piercing tips, shields, and shield locking mechanisms, seals, and improved stability threads on the cannula through which the piercing tip passes, and the use of an automatic insufflation valve on the cannula.", "\nMany surgical procedures are now being performed with the use of trocars and cannulas. ", "Originally these devices were used for making a puncture and leaving a tube to drain fluids. ", "As technology and surgical techniques have advanced, it is now possible to insert surgical instruments through the cannulas and perform invasive procedures through an opening often less than half an inch in diameter. ", "Previously these procedures required an incision of many inches. ", "By minimizing the incision, the stress and loss of blood suffered by patients is reduced and the patients' recovery times are dramatically reduced.", "\nSurgical trocars are most commonly used in laparoscopic surgery. ", "Prior to use of the trocar, the surgeon will usually introduce a Veress needle into the patient's abdominal cavity. ", "The Veress needle has a stylet which permits the introduction of gas into the abdominal cavity. ", "After the Veress needle is properly inserted, it is connected to a gas source and the abdominal cavity is insufflated to an approximate abdominal pressure of 15 mm Hg. ", "By insufflating the abdominal cavity, pneumoperitoneum is created separating the wall of the body cavity from the internal organs.", "\nA trocar is then used to puncture the body cavity. ", "The piercing tip or obturator of the trocar is inserted through the cannula or sheath and the cannula partially enters the body cavity through the incision made by the trocar. ", "The obturator can then be removed from the cannula and an elongated endoscope or cameras may be inserted through the cannula to view the body cavity, or surgical instruments may be inserted to perform ligations or other procedures.", "\nA great deal of force is often required to cause the obturator to pierce the wall of the body cavity. ", "When the piercing tip breaks through the cavity wall, resistance to penetration ceases and the tip may reach internal organs or blood vessels, with resultant lacerations and potentially serious injury. ", "The creation of the pneumoperitoneum provides some free space within which the surgeon may stop the penetration of the trocar. ", "To provide further protection, trocars have more recently been developed with spring loaded shields surrounding the piercing tip of the obturator. ", "Once the piercing tip of the obturator has completely pierced the body cavity wall, the resistance of the tissue to the spring loaded shield is reduced and the shield springs forward into the body cavity and covers the piercing tip. ", "The shield thereby protects internal body organs and blood vessels from incidental contact with the piercing tip and resultant injury. ", "Trocars including various safety shield designs are described in Yoon, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,535,773; Moll, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,654,030; and Moll, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,601,710.", "\nOnce the cannula has been introduced into the opening in the body cavity wall, the pneumoperitoneum may be maintained by introducing gas into the abdominal cavity through the cannula. ", "Various seals and valves have been utilized to allow abdominal pressure to be maintained in this fashion. ", "Maintaining abdominal pressure is important both to allow working room in the body cavity for instruments introduced through the cannula, and to provide free space for the puncturing of the body cavity wall by one or more additional trocars as may be required for some procedures.", "\nWhile the existing trocars and cannulas have proven useful, several disadvantages remain. ", "The force required to cause the piercing tip to penetrate a body cavity wall is often so great that some physicians must strain to use the trocar with resulting loss of control over the depth of penetration of the instrument. ", "In addition, the existing shield mechanisms require that the obturator's piercing tip have completely penetrated the body cavity wall before the shield springs forward to cover the obturator tip. ", "The delay in covering the piercing tip exposes the patient to unnecessary risk of internal laceration.", "\nAlso, the cannula providing communication through the body cavity wall has a tendency to slide in and out of the incision in the wall, particularly when the surgeon is introducing or removing various instrumentation. ", "Finally, the locking mechanisms for existing trocars have proved unwieldy often with the result that an actuated trocar is left unattended and posing a hazard to persons nearby when it is moved. ", "Therefore, a need exists for an improved apparatus for performing laparoscopic and similar surgical procedures." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nData in SD card convert it to array arduino?", "\n\nMy data is in a text file in an SD card, and I am trying to make it an array in Arduino. ", "My data is just a bunch of integers that will look like 270 numbers each one on a line.", "\n122\n50\n255\n0 \n96\n\nI have 270 numbers like this. ", "I just want Arduino to create an array of size 270 so I can use that data. ", "Later on, I am going to pull out an element to put it somewhere, and so on. ", "Following the example given I can read the data from the SD card. ", "I'm having a hard time creating it into an array.", "\nThis is what I have tried so far. ", "In my code the array I want String3_5 just gives me numbers 0 to 269 incrementing.", "\n#include <SD.h>\nconst int chipSelect = 4;\nint String3_5 [270];\nint index = 0;\n\nvoid setup() {\n Serial.begin(9600);\n Serial.print(\"Initializing SD Card....\");\n if(!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {\n Serial.println(\"Card failed, or not Present\");\n return;\n }\n Serial.println(\"Card Initialized\");\n File dataFile = SD.open(\"Strip3_5.txt\");\n if(dataFile) {\n while(dataFile.available()) {\n Serial.write(dataFile.read());\n String3_5[index] = Serial.read();\n index++;\n String3_5[index] = '\\0';\n }\n dataFile.close();\n } else {\n Serial.println(\"File does not exist or named wrong\");\n }\n}\n\nvoid loop() {\n}\n\nA:\n\nHow are your integers saved into your file? ", "ASCII? ", "Or binary. ", "What your code does for the moment is read 8-bit values, send them to the UART/Terminal, then read the terminal and save a byte into the array. ", "I don't think that's what you want...\nSD.read()\nRead a byte from the file.", "\nread() inherits from the Stream utility class.", "\n\nAlso the line String3_5[index] = '\\0'; looks more like something used for strings...\nAssuming that your file is actually an ASCII file, what you need to do is implement code that reads ASCII numbers, converts them to integers, and then save that.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Turning the Tables on Chlamydia\n\nAssociate Professor Garry Myers is the first to admit Chlamydia is not exactly dinner party conversation, but his team of researchers at UTS’ ithree Institute are using genome-scale sequencing which could lead to new and effective treatments – something very much worth discussing.", "\n\nMyers aims in particular to treat Chlamydia conjunctivitis in babies, considered the largest infectious cause of blindness in the world.", "\n\nMyers’ team is collaborating with Dr Willa Huston, a Senior lecturer at UTS who studies Chlamydial infertility using molecular tools and actively works with IVF clinics.", "\n\nTogether, they are developing anti-fibrotic therapies to treat Chlamydial scarring. ", "With more funding, they hope to have a major breakthrough that will ultimately lead to saving people from preventable blindness and infertility.", "\n\n“The really important issue is not the Chlamydia itself but the scarring it causes and the subsequent damage,” explains Myers.", "\n\nTo understand his research, you have to look at the disease’s transmission: genital Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI), and it’s transmitted through vaginal, anal or oral sex or vaginally during birth from mother to baby.", "\n\nIn these cases, the baby develops the second arm of the disease, Chlamydia conjunctivitis, a trachoma-like disease. ", "Poor hygiene and limited access to health care, usually found in developing world conditions, also causes trachoma – a bacterial infection of the eye – to spread.", "\n\nIn trachoma, the immune response to the infection scars the mucus membrane inside the eyelid and makes the eyelashes turn in, which in turn scratches the cornea and leads to blindness.", "\n\nWith genital Chlamydia, the infection travels up a woman’s cervix to her fallopian tubes, and ensuing scar tissue can block the tubes and lead to dangerous ectopic pregnancy or even infertility. ", "The big problem is that patients show no symptoms and only face disease outcomes years later.", "\n\n“We are looking at the molecular basis of why this scar tissue forms,” Myers says. “", "We have found through deep sequencing, two terabytes in fact, that when Chlamydia irritates the body then the immune system goes haywire; it has an abnormal response to the infection.”", "\n\nHe likens it to the audio squeal you get when you put two microphones together to form a feedback loop; the cells infected by Chlamydia express and produce collagen as a wound response. ", "This makes immune cells react and chew up the collagens into fragments which induce more and more of an immune reaction.", "\n\nThe infection can be treated with antibiotics, but the feedback loop continues regardless, potentially leading to infertility years later.", "\n\n“So we are trying to find genetic biomarkers in the blood of women who are more likely to have such a big immune reaction,” Myers says. “", "Then we are going to try get in early with drugs that can arrest that fibrotic response before much scarring occurs and even reverse its effects.”", "\n\nMyers’ research began more than a decade ago in the US studying genomes, first at The Institute for Genome Research from 2002-2007 and then as co-founder of the Institute for Genome Sciences at the University of Maryland’s School of Medicine. ", "He returned to UTS in 2014 to set up his current research group.", "\n\nWords by Melinda Ham\n\nSupport this project\n\nWhen you give you can be confident that 100% of your donation will go to your chosen area." ]

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[ "“\n\n“Female knowledge of objectification usually stops at a necessary but superficial understanding: beauty is rewarded and lack of beauty is punished. ", "The punishments are understood as personal misfortune; they are not see as systematic, institutional, or historical. ", "Women do not understand that they are also punished through sexual use for being beautiful; and women do not understand the lengths to which men go to protect themselves and their society from contamination by ugly women who do not induce a lustful desire to punish, violate, or destroy, though men manage to punish, violate, or destroy these women anyway.”", "\n\n–Andrea Dworkin" ]

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[ "Project Summary/Abstract: This new Program Project will investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. ", "Our objectives are: (i) to study clonal evolution from non-muscle invasive to invasive to metastatic disease, and to elucidate molecular drivers for each stage of evolution; (ii) to study mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, with a major focus on the functional role of mutations that affect the epigenome; (iii) to elucidate mechanisms of disease response and resistance, with a major focus on understanding those that affect response to chemotherapy; and (iv) to generate novel human patient-derived and genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs) to study disease pathogenesis and to pursue co-clinical investigations. ", "To achieve these objectives, we have assembled a highly accomplished multi-disciplinary team at Columbia University Medical Center (Cory Abate-Shen, Michael Shen, James McKiernan, Tian Zheng) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (David B. Solit, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Barry Taylor) with complementary expertise in genomic analyses (DBS, HA, BT), molecular investigations (CAS, MS, DBS), treatment response (CAS, MS, DBS, JM, BT), biostatistics and bioinformatics (TZ, BT), molecular pathology (HAA), generation of human and mouse cancer models (CAS, MS), co-clinical and clinical investigations (DBS, JM, CAS, JM, MS). ", "We will pursue three interrelated Projects that are supported by three Cores. ", "Project 1, led by David Solit, will seek to define the biologic functions of the histone demethylase, KDM6A, in bladder cancer pathogenesis, as well as the temporal occurrence of mutations in this gene during tumor progression. ", "Project 2, led by Cory Abate-Shen, will analyze the functions of the chromatin remodeling gene, ARID1A, in muscle- invasive bladder cancer, focusing on its role in disease pathogenesis, its effect on treatment response and its molecular mechanisms of action. ", "Project 3, led by Michael Shen, will investigate tumor evolution and drug response in human patient-derived bladder cancer organoids, focusing on genetic determinants of genomic instability, alterations of the epigenome, and the role of heterogeneity in drug sensitivity and resistance. ", "The Molecular Pathology Core (Core A), led by Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, will maintain a biorepository of urothelial cancer tumors, including the tissues used for organoid generation, and will provide histopathological analyses for all three projects. ", "The Bladder Cancer Models Core (Core B), led by Michael Shen will serve as a central hub for the generation and analysis of cancer models for all three projects, including human patient-derived organoid and xenograft models, and GEMMs. ", "The Administrative Core (Core C), led by Cory Abate-Shen, will provide support for bioinformatic and biostatistical analyses and organizational support for Program Project investigators, and will coordinate with the Internal and External Advisory Boards. ", "In summary, this Program Project is led by a highly collaborative team of investigators with diverse but complementary expertise who have substantial track records in cancer research, and are located in close proximity in New York City." ]

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[ "The Lamestream Fake News Lyin' Media is often accused of never reporting the good news when it comes to Donald Trump, American president. ", "So here are some fair tidings: the stock market is mostly up! ", "So are corporate earnings! ", "GDP growth is strong! ", "Unemployment is near historic lows! ", "That includes black unemployment, although the president mostly uses the stat as a cudgel against accurate assessments of his rhetoric on race!", "\n\nNow, it's important to keep in mind that these findings are actually continuations of longstanding trends that began a few years into the Obama administration. ", "Take the S&P 500:\n\nThis content is imported from Twitter. ", "You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.", "\n\nSince Trump loves talking about how much stock markets love him, here's the S&P 500, from inauguration to April 2 the following year.", "\n\nUnder Obama: +46.3%\n\nUnder Trump: +13.7%\n\n\n\n*usual disclaimers: presidents do not control stock markets, stock markets are not the economy, etc. ", "pic.twitter.com/9GHZbF5vke — Catherine Rampell (@crampell) April 3, 2018\n\nOr employment:\n\nStill, things keep getting better! ", "Except in terms of wages. ", "Over the last 40 years, Americans' wages have gone up. ", "But \"real wages\"—which are adjusted for inflation and reflect the purchasing power of what a worker takes home—haven't budged at all. ", "As Pew Research put it:\n\nAfter adjusting for inflation, however, today’s average hourly wage has just about the same purchasing power it did in 1978, following a long slide in the 1980s and early 1990s and bumpy, inconsistent growth since then. ", "In fact, in real terms average hourly earnings peaked more than 45 years ago: The $4.03-an-hour rate recorded in January 1973 had the same purchasing power that $23.68 would today.", "\n\nThis is the root problem in American economics, which gets at why the average person is still dissatisfied with the state of the economy despite a booming stock market and what economists consider to be full employment. ", "They don't own stocks—only 14 percent of American households own individual stocks, and 48 percent have no kind of retirement account, including a 401(k)—and they haven't gotten a real raise in four decades. ", "Having a job only goes so far if it doesn't pay the bills, which is why many Americans have more than one. ", "Oh, and by one study, nearly a quarter of Americans have no savings at all.", "\n\nJustin Sullivan Getty Images\n\nAs The Washington Post reported Monday, the last year of Trumponomics continued this trend—despite all the employment gains and the promises he made to the nation's \"forgotten men and women\" on the campaign trail:\n\nCost of living was up 2.9 percent from July 2017 to July 2018, the Labor Department reported Friday, an inflation rate that outstripped a 2.7 percent increase in wages over the same period. ", "The average U.S. “real wage,” a federal measure of pay that takes inflation into account, fell to $10.76 an hour last month, 2 cents down from where it was a year ago.", "\n\nAgain, Trump has had just about as much luck on this metric as Presidents Obama and Bush before him. ", "Except Trump's major legislative achievement, the Republican tax plan, was billed as a way to raise wages and spur hiring—a win for The American People. \"", "More than 70 percent of this [tax cut] will be returned to workers,\" White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said. ", "That's why they passed it in the middle of the night.", "\n\n(Also, independent analyses found it will overwhelmingly benefit the rich, and actually raise taxes for two-thirds of the middle class over the longer term.)", "\n\nAlex Wong Getty Images\n\nCorporations saw their taxes slashed from 35 to 21 percent in the bill. ", "They've seen earnings soar. ", "So what did they do with those savings? ", "NBC News had a look:\n\nCompanies have instead used the extra cash to spend billions of dollars buying back their own stock, boosting the value of shares held by investors. ", "Buybacks reduce the number of shares on the market, immediately increasing the value of the shares that investors already hold.", "\n\nOver the past year, S&P 500 companies have given their shareholders a record $1 trillion in the form of buybacks and dividends, led by Apple, Cisco Systems, and other technology giants...Compounding the issue is a recent study by the Office of SEC Commissioner Robert Jackson that found that a stock buyback announcement often leads to a short-term stock price pop, which corporate insiders use to cash out their shares.", "\n\nSo all the benefits went to corporations and their shareholders—the investor class. ", "No wonder real wages dropped two cents last year in a boom economy. ", "It's almost like the entire system is structured to ensure the resources created by the man-hours of the many are funneled to the relative few.", "\n\nJack Holmes Politics Editor Jack Holmes is the Politics Editor at Esquire, where he writes daily and edits the Politics Blog with Charles P Pierce.", "\n\nThis content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. ", "You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io" ]

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[ "HTML Analysis\n\nFound\n\nWhen you have to be away for business or leisure, we’ll love and care for your four-legged like they were our very own. ", "We’re also fully insured and trained to respond to any emergency situation that might arise. ", "We are located in Dixon, CA" ]

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[ "In data processing installations, host processors generally have a relatively large plurality of peripheral data storage devices for storing data to be used in connection with host-processor operations. ", "Each host processor generally executes programs that allocate portions of the data storage space of the respective peripheral data storage devices to various computer processes within the host processor. ", "Each computer process is often referred to as a \"user\" of the peripheral data storage device. ", "Such allocation programs also provide for deallocations and reallocations of the data storage space and often defragments the data stored in the storage spaces by sequences of allocations and deallocations. ", "Storage space fragmentation occurs when data is stored in a manner to leave a number of unused storage spaces--many of which are relatively small. ", "As a result, the host processor has a reduced ability to assign real storage locations for data storage because the available spaces are too small to store the data. ", "Therefore, fragmentation decreases the efficiency of the peripheral data storage space by reducing usable space and increases access time to the stored data. ", "Generally, once the data storage space is allocated for a user or a set of users, so-called access methods, such as VSAM (virtual storage access method), select the allocated areas for storing or retrieving data.", "\nWhen the data processing environment grows to have an extremely large number of addressable data storage volumes which are mountable on a data storage unit, such as a magnetic tape recorder or disk recorder, the utilization of such data storage space and the accessing of such data storage space become extremely complicated. ", "As a result, various programs have been devised for enhancing utilization of peripheral data storage space and for providing automatic management of such peripheral data storage space. ", "Included in such programming is a goal of balancing the data storage and retrieval operations among a large plurality of such data storage devices. ", "Such balancing enables the access methods to operate more efficiently, thereby providing a higher-performance data processing environment.", "\nFor balancing peripheral device activity while still affording a high degree of data-storage-space utilization in the various devices, the Auxiliary Storage Manager program, supplied by International Business Machines Corporation, keeps a history of the time it takes to service one page unit of data being transferred in a paging and swapping environment. ", "Such history is kept for each page of data storage space in main memory of a host processor. ", "Time of day is saved immediately prior to calling an input/output supervisory program and again on the entry of the data into the main memory. ", "The two time values are subtracted and then divided by the number of page-request (data is handled in \"pages\") services to obtain the time to service one page request for a plurality of such page requests. ", "This calculated time-delay value is factored into a previously calculated average time for the page being handled. ", "The algorithm for calculating service time is one-half of the old service time plus one-fourth of the newly calculated service time plus one-fourth of expected service time. ", "In this manner, the calculated service time reflects the historical service rate for a one-page request over several time periods, as well as the expected service rate for an upcoming time period. ", "Using these calculations, if a peripheral data storage device is slow or very busy, fewer data storage requests are initiated to that device; in contradistinction, a fast-responding device will have more page requests initiated to it for achieving a load balancing based upon page access delays.", "\nTypically, in a paging-and-swapping environment, there are a relatively small number of peripheral data storage devices; accordingly, the techniques of the Auxiliary Storage Manager provide adequate management of the access times and data storage requests. ", "However, when a larger number of peripheral data storage devices are servicing a larger number of host processors, such an approach to load balancing and management of access time may not provide optimum or desired results. ", "Accordingly, different types of management techniques may have to be employed in a large peripheral data storage environment which includes paging and swapping as well as other data storage operations.", "\nA swap storage management is described in the IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin Volume 20, No. ", "9, February 1978, pages 3651 through 3657. ", "This technique controls the flow of tasks between peripheral disk data storage and main data storage of a host processor. ", "The described data storage management does not accommodate a large variety of data storage devices, as commonly found in many data processing environments; therefore, the storage management techniques of this article are not generally applicable to managing all of the data storage devices in a complex data processing environment.", "\nOther techniques include allocating data storage space based upon the total free space available in the various peripheral data storage devices. ", "While such a technique provides for efficient allocation control, such technique does not address the problems of data promotion (recall), defragmentation, and the like. ", "Accordingly, it is desired that some form of data storage management be provided, not only for handling data demotions (migrations), etc., ", "but also for handling data promotion (recall) and defragmentation suitable for a plurality of host processors having a larger plurality of diverse peripheral data storage devices. ", "The term \"migration\" means a data transfer from a rapid-access peripheral data storage device to a slower-access peripheral data storage device, while a \"recall\" is a data transfer in the opposite direction.", "\nSome progress has been made in the handling of multihost-managed peripheral data storage devices for migration, recall, backup, and recovery. ", "International Business Machines Corporation of Armonk, N.Y., has provided a program product called \"Hierarchical Storage Manager\", Program No. ", "5740-XRB, as described in the Documents Incorporated by Reference. ", "This program product can operate in one or simultaneously in a plurality of host processors for providing so-called \"global\" management of a large plurality of peripheral data storage devices of diverse types. ", "For example, the Hierarchical Storage Manager (HSM), supplied by International Business Machines Corporation, manages data storage spaces in a variety of direct-access storage devices, a mass storage system identified as the IBM 3850 Mass Storage System, and magnetic-tape data recorders. ", "This program product provides space management, backup, and recovery functions for managing data sets in a logical hierarchy of the above-mentioned data storage devices. ", "The program is a continuously running task on all of the host processors.", "\nUnder HSM, various logical levels of peripheral data storage space are provided. ", "A set of data storage devices called primary storage space is that data storage space where the various application programs executing in host processors access the needed data. ", "The HSM program optimizes the use of the primary data storage space by automatic migrations of data to lower cost data storage devices (data demotion or migration), and automatically moves data needed by the host processors from the migration data storage space back to the primary data storage space. ", "Also, aged data sets can be deleted and retired. ", "Various attributes and parameters determine how HSM provides migration, recall, backup, recovery, and deletion of data sets with respect to the diversity of data storage devices.", "\nIn HSM, several central data sets are employed by the various host processors for serializing management of the various peripheral data storage devices and for coordinating operations of the host processors with respect to the various peripheral data storage devices. ", "A plurality of so-called user exits in the HSM program facilitate operator parameter input to the program for more efficiently managing its functions.", "\nHSM also receives commands from an operator's console which are interpreted by HSM to perform explicitly requested functions. ", "HSM generally operates independently of operator intervention in that most functions are implicitly performed, including migration and recall--that is, on a recall, if an application program requests a data set from a primary volume and it was migrated by HSM to another data storage device, HSM intercepts the request for a migrated data set and promotes, or recalls, such requested data set from the migration volume storing the data set to a primary volume. ", "Then the application program can continue to run even though there is a delay caused by the recall function.", "\nOne of the operator commands is ADDVOL which enables the operator to add volumes of data to be managed by HSM, change the attributes of managed volumes and the like. ", "The documents incorporated by reference describe ADDVOL including the assignment of data storage volumes as primary data storage, migration data storage and the like. ", "HSM enables the HSM-executing host processor to maintain lists of data storage volumes for establishing a logical data storage hierarchy wherein the primary data storage volumes are the upper, or data-accessing, level of the hierarchy, while the migration volumes constitute the various lower, or internal, levels of the logically established data storage hierarchy.", "\nEven with all of the interactive and automatic functions provided by HSM, a more-complete management of peripheral data storage space with more-efficient space utilization and reduced access time is still desired.", "\nHistorically tape data storage volumes (reels of tape) were limited to a single user, i.e., effectively a single set of data sets. ", "It is desired that such tape data storage volumes be more efficiently utilized by permitting sharing of such data storage volumes among several host processor processes. ", "Accordingly, it is desired to provide automatic means for facilitating sharing of various data storage volumes within a data processing environment.", "\nThe term \"data storage volume\" is intended to mean an addressable unit of storage which is often physically characterized by a single reel of tape, a single diskette or removable set of data storage disks, a single spindle of disks, or merely a logically-defined data storage space which may be more or less than the data storage capacity of any physical data storage unit associated with the logically-defined data storage space. ", "For example, a logical data storage volume can represent a data storage capacity of 100 megabytes, one million megabytes, etc.", "\nManaging a large diversity of peripheral data storage devices on a shared-volume basis results, as indicated by the theory of probability, in a relatively large number of access contentions by the various host-processor processes and tasks being performed. ", "Accordingly, it is desired to have a facile contention-resolution mechanism which enables good utilization of data storage space, good management of access requests, and a relatively simple mechanism for coordinating the contention resolutions of the various peripheral data storage volumes by one or more independently-operating host processors." ]

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[ "Atmospheric Black Metal\n\nAtmospheric black metal is a sub-genre of black metal which relies on heavy incorporation of atmospheric, sometimes even dreamy textures, therefore moving away from its parent into a less aggressive direction. ", "Atmospheric black metal often features synthesizers or classical instrumentation, typically for melody or ethereal \"shimmering\" over the wall of sound provided by the guitars. ", "The music is usually slow to mid paced with rare blast beat usage..." ]

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[ "The Japanese Ministry of Defense has released new details about its plans for future unmanned aircraft that would fly in supporting roles, aiding piloted fighters in the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force, or JASDF. ", "Specifically, JASDF is hoping to add two distinct craft to its fleet: unmanned wingmen that would fly in formation with and receive commands from a pilot in a conventional fighter, and a high-flying ballistic-missile defense (BMD) aircraft that would use sensor arrays to track missile threats.", "\n\nThe BMD aircraft is slated to enter service around 2030, while the the first iteration of the unmanned wingman—which will fly ahead of fighters as a sensor carrier—is to be developed in the next 15 to 20 years. ", "A second version of the unmanned wingman that will fire munitions and act as a missile sponge, directing incoming threats toward itself and away from the manned fighter, will be developed with the same airframe and engine as the sensor carrier if all goes according to plan. ", "The development of these Combat Support Unmanned Aircraft is outlined in a report from the Japanese Defense Ministry's purchasing office, the Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency (ATLA), which was provided to Aviation Week.", "\n\nUnmanned wingman aircraft could combine autonomous actions with commands from a fighter pilot to fire missiles, search for targets, and lure away incoming missile attacks. ", "Japanese Defense Ministry\n\nGiven the difficulty of programming an autonomous system with the aerial maneuvers necessary for successful air-to-air engagements, most countries have focused on air-to-surface platforms for unmanned aircraft. ", "Japan, however, seems to be more optimistic and hopes the unmanned craft can fly alongside its advanced stealth fighter aircraft, the F-3, which is currently under development with a planned production date in 2027. ", "Japan's F-3s could be updated to control the unmanned wingmen, which would automatically execute maneuvers with the manned fighter and take commands from the flight leader, such as attacking designated targets or searching specific areas. ", "The drones would then autonomously decide the best way to execute the pilot's orders.", "\n\nThough programming the unmanned wingmen will require very advanced AI systems, there is one big advantage to having an unmanned aircraft in a dogfighting role: It could pull maneuvers that a human pilot could never withstand with reflexes that a human pilot could never dream of. ", "The drones could also intercept incoming missile threats and neutralize them through maneuvering, electromagnetic countermeasures, or as a last result, impacting the missile. ", "Sacrificing the drone to protect the pilot would only be a last resort considering the unmanned wingmen would be much more expensive than a missile.", "\n\nThe unmanned wingmen would be particularly useful for the F-3, which is currently designed to be a fighter with high endurance and heavy armaments at the expense of maneuverability. ", "One possible configuration is a single unmanned wingman acting as a sensor hub while another in the formation carries weapons, according to Aviation Week. ", "Another possibility is to have the manned fighter hang back as the information hub while multiple armed autonomous wingmen fly ahead to pursue targets.", "\n\nA mockup of Japan's unmanned ballistic-missile detector aircraft design. ", "Japanese Defense Ministry\n\nThe ballistic-missile detector aircraft would likely be a high-altitude aircraft capable of sustained flight. ", "There was no mention of the BMD carrying weapons, but it would instead use infrared sensors and other detecting systems to locate and track ballistic missile threats.", "\n\nPower and propulsion systems for the unmanned aircraft are scheduled to begin in 2019, according to Aviation Week. ", "JASDF envisions a highly maneuverable, stealth aircraft with morphing wing configurations for the drone wingmen. ", "The BMD design, on the other hand, appears to have a slender-wing configuration for high-flying over great distances. ", "Japan has also expressed interested in developing drones that rely on satellite relay communication, similar to the United States' General Atomics MQ-1 Predator and the Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk, but developing the unmanned wingmen and BMD aircraft has been given financial priority.", "\n\nJapan's interest in advanced air warfare systems comes with increased defense spending to counter Chinese aggressions in the South China Sea and other parts of the Pacific arena. ", "So if Japan has its way, its future F-3 fighters will fly in formation with a host of drones for enhanced combat capabilities.", "\n\nSource: Aviation Week\n\nThis content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. ", "You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io" ]

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[ "Randy Piper\n\nRandy Piper (born William Randall Piper on April 13, 1953 in San Antonio, Texas) is an American rock guitarist and songwriter, best known as the co-founder and original guitarist of the heavy metal band WASP\n\nBiography\nPiper grew up listening to Elvis Presley records and watching every movie Presley was in. ", "Inspired by his hero, Piper began playing acoustic guitar at age 10. ", "While still in high school, Piper opened a record store in Long Beach, California, called \"Wheatstone Bridge\". ", "In 1978, Piper opened a rehearsal and recording space called Magnum Opus Studios in Buena Park, California. ", "\n\nIn 1978, Piper met another local musician named Blackie Lawless at the Starwood in West Hollywood. ", "The two became friends and began recording demos at Piper's Magnum Opus Studio. ", "Joey Palemo (bass) and Jimi Image (drums) were added and the band Sister was formed. ", "Lawless later changed the name of the band to Circus Circus, allegedly after attending several performances by Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.", "\n\nCircus Circus evolved into W.A.S.P. by 1982. ", "The band's live shows incorporated burning signs, mic stands made out of huge chains, and girls dancing in cages. ", "One of the most infamous stage sets featured the illusion of live rats being fed directly into a meat grinder, while the band tossed raw hamburger and chicken livers into the audience. ", "Animal rights groups quickly took offense. ", "\n\nBy the end of 1985, following the release of W.A.S.P.'s second album, Piper decided to leave the band. ", "He later formed the band Animal.", "\n\nDiscography\nwith WASP\n\nWASP (1984)\nThe Last Command (1985)\n\nwith Randy Piper's Animal\n 900 Lb. ", "Steam (2002)\n Violent New Breed (2006)\n Virus (2008)\n\nExternal links\nRandy Piper Official Website\n\nCategory:W.A.S.P. members\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:1956 births\nCategory:Locomotive Music artists" ]

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[ "The results of a new study suggest that listening to music can significantly impair your ability to perform creative tasks. ", "Whilst music was found to disrupt creative processes, ambient \"library noise\" was found to have no significant effect.", "\n\nAsk a group of friends whether listening to music while working get the creative juices flowing, and you'll be practically certain to find anecdotal arguments supporting both sides. ", "A new study sought to answer the divisive question by putting volunteers through a series of tests.", "\n\nParticipants in the project all spoke English as their first language, and had no deficiencies of sight or hearing. ", "Three experiments were conducted in which the volunteers were asked to carry out a series of tasks commonly used to measure creative verbal performance. ", "For example, an individual would be presented with a set of three words, like stick, maker and point, and asked to find the linking word. ", "In this example the answer would be \"match.\"", "\n\nDuring each experiment the participants were asked to perform the exercises in a quiet setting, and then while being played music, or ambient noise.", "\n\nThe first experiment saw volunteers complete tasks while being played music with vocals that wouldn't mean anything to them – for example, English-speaking listeners being played music with Spanish lyrics.", "\n\nIn the second experiment, the participants were played instrumental music with no vocals, and in the third the volunteers were played music with familiar lyrics that they could understand. ", "During the third experiment, the participants were also subjected to \"library noise\" conditions, which involved ambient noise such as unintelligible distant speech, photocopier noise, typing, and the rustling of papers.", "\n\nThe team discovered that creative performance dropped significantly when listening to music over the course of all three exercises, as compared to periods during which participants were allowed to complete the exercises without distraction. ", "Even when participants declared that the music improved their overall mood, in the third exercise, it still impaired creativity.", "\n\nWhilst music was found to be detrimental, the library noise conditions made no significant impact to creative performance. ", "According to the researchers behind the study, this could be because it is a steady noise, whereas music with or without lyrics is characterized by changes in pitch or tone. ", "It is believed that these state-change characteristics could be affecting performance by interfering with verbal working memory.", "\n\n\"To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular view that music enhances creativity, and instead demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of semantic content (no lyrics, familiar lyrics or unfamiliar lyrics), consistently disrupts creative performance in insight problem solving,\" the researchers state.", "\n\nA paper on the study – which involved scientists from the University of Central Lancashire, University of Gävle in Sweden, and Lancaster University – has been published in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.", "\n\nSource: Lancaster University" ]

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[ "A two-degree target exposes 100 countries to suffering and means certain death for Africa\n\nIT'S one of the tiniest and least-well known countries, but this week it has effectively held the world to ransom at the giant Copenhagen climate summit.", "\n\nTuvalu -- a scattering of nine islands across several hundred miles of the Pacific Ocean -- is, with just 26 square miles of land, the fourth-smallest nation on earth, while its 12,000 people make it the third-least populous. ", "But this week it has been roaring. ", "One of the main reasons is that it is, after the Maldives, the world's second-lowest lying country. ", "So if the seas go on rising with global warming, it will be one of the first nations to be wiped off the map.", "\n\nThus it was with survival in mind that the Tuvalu delegate rose on Wednesday and again on Thursday, and caused proceedings to be suspended in the two main negotiating processes in Copenhagen's cavernous concrete Bella centre. ", "This intervention symbolised a new development in international relations -- the revolt of potential victims against the world's biggest polluters.", "\n\nUp to now, big United Nations' negotiating conferences have boiled down to a confrontation between North and South, the wealthy industrialised countries of temperate climes versus the poorer -- or the dirt poor -- ones, mainly straddling the tropics.", "\n\nThe meeting had started in a more optimistic frame of mind than any I can remember in four decades of tricky negotiations. ", "The Danish hosts and other countries had created momentum in the weeks before it opened.", "\n\nBy the evening before, the centre started filling with 15,000 people from 192 nations -- Polynesian delegates with flowers in their hair jostling with activists dressed as polar bears, face-painted Maasai with smooth-suited financiers -- every major polluter had put an offer on the table of controlling the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that are heating up the planet.", "\n\nAnd an analysis published yesterday in the conference journal 'Eco' concludes that every one of their offers falls within the range of what is required, with Brazil and Indonesia exceeding it.", "\n\nBe that as it may, the United Nations Environment Programme and Britain's Grantham Research Institute, chaired by Lord Stern, author of the influential Stern report, have jointly published a study concluding that the best offers on both sides amount to up to 80pc of the minimum needed.", "\n\nMuch of the difference, it added, could be made up of measures to reduce the felling of forests and to reduce pollution from shipping and aviation.", "\n\nLars Lokke Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark, who will chair the summit of some 115 heads of governments when they arrive next week, said that \"without exception\" they backed \"an ambitious agreement to halt global warming.\"", "\n\nConnie Hedegaard, his minister for energy and climate, added: \"I have never seen anything like it when it comes to political willingness.\"", "\n\nGordon Shepherd, of the WWF International, put it more colourfully: \"We are within spitting distance, but it's a very long spit!\"", "\n\nBefore long, however, the spitting began in earnest, as the revolt of the potential victims got under way.", "\n\nOn Tuesday evening the meeting erupted. ", "Lumumba Stanislaus Di-Aping, chief negotiator for the Group of 77, which represents developing countries, announced that the proposed 'two degree target' \"exposes over 100 countries to suffering and devastation\", leading to the disappearance of low-lying island nations and \"certain death\" for Africa.", "\n\nHe added the $10bn (e6.8bn) annual fund would not pay for \"the poor nations' coffins\".", "\n\nThe dispute is fundamental because the amount of greenhouse gases already in the air condemns the world to an increase of at least 1.5 degrees.", "\n\nMeeting the victims' demand, therefore, would mean either stopping all emissions immediately, which would be impossible, or reducing them much faster than expected and finding a way of getting carbon dioxide out of the air. ", "There is no way that the main polluters, whether industrialised or industrialising, will agree to that.", "\n\nThis confrontation overlays another, along the traditional lines of North versus South. ", "The science makes it clear that emissions of greenhouse gases will have to be cut in half by 2050 if even the two degree target is to be met. ", "Rich countries have accepted that their emissions will have to be reduced by 80 per cent if that is to be achieved, involving an unprecedented transition to low carbon economies.", "\n\nBut, even if they achieve this, developing countries will have to cut their emissions absolutely by then, rather than just reduce their rate of growth as at present. ", "And population growth makes this almost impossible: studies suggest that it will mean cutting their already small per capita emissions of carbon dioxide by 60pc.", "\n\nThey will not agree to try without massive financial help, running into hundreds of billions from the North. ", "So far there is no sign of this.", "\n\nEven the $10bn emergency fund is mainly being taken from existing aid budgets -- all of Britain's contribution comes from this source.", "\n\nThere is also a third more technical split, which is where Tuvalu's protest came in. ", "Most countries want to keep and improve the existing Kyoto Protocol, which is a legally binding treaty, but the very name of it is anathema in the United States. ", "Tuvalu caused proceedings to be suspended while the issue of what should succeed is sorted out.", "\n\nThis caused huge irritation among developed nations since time is running out as the meeting nears its halfway point.", "\n\nBut some remain optimistic. ", "The negotiations are stepping up a notch with the arrival of ministers. ", "And heads of government hate to be associated with failure and so are likely to be ready to make a deal. ", "But this also has a downside; if the talks do fail, it will be hard to muster the political will again.", "\n\nMeanwhile, negotiators from Tuvalu and other small islands discovered that their nations had been left off a giant globe hanging in the main hallway of the centre. ", "Last night, they gathered beneath it to protest against being \"wiped off the map\".", "\n\nThey intend to go on objecting to try to stop that happening in the real world too.", "\n\nIrish Independent" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nManaging asp.net form with many fields\n\nI am using asp.net/C# ,, i have a form with many fields ,,, it is a registeration form of a bank ... currently i usd css to move and align fields on the form ...i didnot use the drag n drop feature .... My question is what would be the best way to manage such forms .. currently my form doesnot look organized... Should i use absolute positioning and align all my fields by dragging them .... Please suggest me the proper way of aligning and organizing such fields.", "\nThanks \n\nA:\n\nSimple semantic html - validated of course\nwith css for styling is the recommended way.", "\nRegarding absolute positioning or not - that depends.", "\nThere are lots of example CSS Form sites, with examples and source code. ", "I suggest you look there.", "\nIf you have a huge amount of fields you can break the page up into smaller pages (save each segment, allow back and next). ", "If you are feeling brave you can use the Web Forms Wizard control - but I wouldn't personally as Web Forms has a way of turning on you.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "# Prefixes\n\nA prefix is an IPv4 or IPv6 network and mask expressed in CIDR notation (e.g. 192.0.2.0/24). ", "A prefix entails only the \"network portion\" of an IP address: All bits in the address not covered by the mask must be zero. (", "In other words, a prefix cannot be a specific IP address.)", "\n\nPrefixes are automatically organized by their parent aggregates. ", "Additionally, each prefix can be assigned to a particular site and virtual routing and forwarding instance (VRF). ", "Each VRF represents a separate IP space or routing table. ", "All prefixes not assigned to a VRF are considered to be in the \"global\" table.", "\n\nEach prefix can be assigned a status and a role. ", "These terms are often used interchangeably so it's important to recognize the difference between them. ", "The **status** defines a prefix's operational state. ", "Statuses are hard-coded in NetBox and can be one of the following:\n\n* Container - A summary of child prefixes\n* Active - Provisioned and in use\n* Reserved - Designated for future use\n* Deprecated - No longer in use\n\nOn the other hand, a prefix's **role** defines its function. ", "Role assignment is optional and roles are fully customizable. ", "For example, you might create roles to differentiate between production and development infrastructure.", "\n\nA prefix may also be assigned to a VLAN. ", "This association is helpful for associating address space with layer two domains. ", "A VLAN may have multiple prefixes assigned to it.", "\n\nThe prefix model include an \"is pool\" flag. ", "If enabled, NetBox will treat this prefix as a range (such as a NAT pool) wherein every IP address is valid and assignable. ", "This logic is used when identifying available IP addresses within a prefix. ", "If this flag is disabled, NetBox will assume that the first and last (broadcast) address within an IPv4 prefix are unusable.", "\n" ]

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[ "MAGADAN, Russia — Like many young people in Magadan, a frigid northern Russian city more than 3,600 miles from Moscow, Dinat Yur is fed up with living in a place where winters drag on for six months and the average annual temperature is below freezing.", "\n\n“I really dream of leaving this place,” said Mr. Yur, a 29-year-old cook. “", "I can’t wait.”", "\n\nBorn and raised in a city proud of its resilience against climatic and all other odds, Mr. Yur has for the moment found his calling in a defiantly contrarian occupation for a place so cold: He makes ice cream.", "\n\nAs the temperature in Magadan dipped the other week to well below freezing — on its way to minus 50 Celsius (minus 58 Fahrenheit) once winter really sets in — he was hard at work mixing milk, sugar and a raspberry mush imported from Italy to produce a summery swirl of frozen gelato." ]

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[ "Q:\n\npgfplots: plot smaller range of table and still use enlargelimits=true\n\nI am using pgfplots to plot two simple (x,y)-plots of the same data from a table file. ", "The first plot shows all of the data points and in the second plot I want to zoom in on some specific range of the data. ", "However when I use xmin and xmax to restrict the range the first and last point gets placed on the axis box. ", "I want to add a little space between the axes and the points so I try to set enlargelimits=true but then points outside the range gets shown and are not clipped away as I thought they would be.", "\nIs there a way to do this without having to copy the desired data-point into a new table?", "\nHeres an example of what I try to do: I have the data file plotdata.dat:\n# plotdata.dat\nx y\n0 0\n1 1\n2 4\n3 9\n4 16\n5 25\n6 36\n7 49\n8 64\n9 81\n10 100\n11 121\n12 144\n\nAnd my latex document looks like this:\n\\documentclass[11pt]{article}\n\\usepackage{tikz}\n\\usepackage{pgfplots}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\begin{tikzpicture}\n\\begin{axis}[xmin=1, xmax=11, enlargelimits=true]\n\\addplot[only marks] table[x index=0, y index=1] {plotdata.dat};\n\\end{axis}\n\\end{tikzpicture}\n\n\\end{document}\n\nThen even though xmin=1 the plot shows also the x=0 point. ", "I don't want to just set the axis limits so that only the range is shown but instead ignore points outside the range...\n\nA:\n\nThe displayed range is independent of the set of data points which are being displayed. ", "\nIn other words: even if you choose xmin and xmax in a way which hides all data points, pgfplots will still draw every data point.", "\nIf you want to select/discard subsets of your data points, you should study the filtering mechanisms, in particular: the restrict x to domain=1:9999 key with appropriate values. ", "Filtering means to drop single coordinates. ", "The unbounded coords=discard|jump key controls how pgfplots should react (either as if it never saw the discarded points at all or by introducing jumps).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Last November, Disney Plus rolled out with over 600 launch titles, including many animated favorites from the company’s back catalogue. ", "But while Disney reaps the rewards of beloved childhood classics, the wave of new viewership is a reminder that Linda Woolverton, who penned Beauty and the Beast and The Lion King, and other screenwriters involved with Disney’s classic animated films won’t get a cent.", "\n\nWoolverton, who wrote this month’s Maleficent: Mistress of Evil and spoke with Polygon about her long career in screenwriting, was frank about the reality of the situation.", "\n\n“Zero,” she replied. “", "I got zero for the live-action remake of Beauty and the Beast and The Lion King, because animation, feature animation, is not covered by the Writers Guild of America and therefore there are no royalties that were negotiated.”", "\n\nBeauty and the Beast was the first feature film Woolverton worked on, a gig she got by leaving a copy of her young-adult manuscript at the front desk of the Disney office. ", "A few days later, she got a call from chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, who wanted her to join a new screenwriting department. ", "At the time, Disney was in transition and Woolverton found herself caught in the middle. ", "It wasn’t just being a woman in a mostly male-dominated industry; Disney was also pivoting from screenplays being done by the story department off of boards to having written scripts from non-animators.", "\n\nFor Beauty and the Beast, Woolverton essentially remade the Disney heroine to be a proactive agent of her own story. ", "The earlier princesses Snow White, Cinderella, and Aurora always had something happen to them; after Belle, every Disney leading lady made their own choices in their own stories.", "\n\n“I don’t think a Disney heroine ever went back after that,” Woolverton says.", "\n\nBeauty and the Beast was the first animated film to get nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, but still, that wasn’t the movie that secured Woolverton’s eventual membership with the WGA, which secures its members payment upon reuse of their material, be it via reruns of television episodes, remakes of movies, or availability on a streaming service.", "\n\n“It was Homeward Bound, the dog movie,” laughs Woolverton. “", "I got into the Academy off of [Beauty and the Beast], but I didn’t get the WGA. ", "I got in from Homeward Bound. ", "The talking dog movie.”", "\n\nTo this day, the WGA does not secure animation feature writers residuals for their work. ", "Individual studios and projects may sign contracts under the Writer’s Guild in order to guarantee their screenwriters residuals, but animation features do not count as one of the 24 “units” necessary for Guild membership.", "\n\nWoolverton went on to make money from her reputation as a star writer in the Disney family. ", "She later adapted Beauty and the Beast for Broadway, and wrote the screenplay for the Tim Burton-directed Alice in Wonderland, which, despite all the CGI, was a live-action film protected by the WGA. ", "The 2010 film reimagined Alice as a determined young woman returning to Wonderland. ", "The blockbuster earned Woolverton the title of first — and currently still only — solo female screenwriter of a billion dollar movie. ", "It’s an honor she still has a hard time wrapping her head around, especially considering the protagonist of her movie was a girl.", "\n\n“I was always told when I was coming up as a writer that boys don’t go see girl movies. ", "I was also told I should partner with a man. ", "As a female writer, you had to write a male protagonist when you really wanted to do a female protagonist,” she recounts. “", "Finally with Alice, I think it broke that barrier down because it actually showed the studios that a young female can bring in money, can break box office records. ", "Suddenly everything changed. ", "Now we see all these female protagonists because it is a commercial operation after all.”", "\n\n“There are so many more facets to a woman than just ‘strong.’”", "\n\nWoolverton has garnered so much praise for her work to invigorate women on screen with agency that a section of her Wikipedia page is dedicated to the term “Strong Female Characters.” ", "It’s a phrase that’s been more than a little warped today, thrown around as a blanket statement to hype up any movie with a female lead. ", "Woolverton thinks the term has become “trite.”", "\n\n“There are so many more facets to a woman than just ‘strong,’” she explains. “", "I think it’s a catch-all phrase, that hopefully as we explore the dimensions of female protagonists will fade away into more specifics about that particular character.”", "\n\nThe nuance goes further. ", "It’s not so easy as swapping out male leads for female ones, Woolverton argues.", "\n\n“Women don’t do things the same, don’t make the same choices, don’t have the same struggles,” she says. “", "You don’t just take out a male protagonist and plug in a female and put a sword in her hand and call it good because that’s not gonna change anything.”", "\n\nThat storytelling mindset is evident in both 2014’s Maleficent and the sequel, both of which boast stories focusing on the relationships between women. ", "The original put a twist on the Sleeping Beauty fairytale. ", "Maleficent, cold and wounded after the man she loved in her youth violated her trust, finds herself caring for the child that she originally cursed.", "\n\n“A lot of women, boy, did they respond to that,” Woolverton says. “", "Love can mend so much, and children particularly, but also that true love doesn’t necessarily have to be romantic love.”", "\n\nWith Maleficent 2, Woolverton dives deeper into the complicated mother-daughter relationship between Maleficent and Aurora, one that reflects a struggle every mother goes through (only perhaps, without the magical component).", "\n\n“[Aurora] wants to explore more about her own other half of herself and also wants her own autonomy and wants to make her own decisions. ", "Just like every teenage kid,” Woolverton explains. “", "When does Maleficent have to let go? ", "Just like every mother. ", "When do you have to let go? ", "When do you have to let your kid make up their own mistakes — or not be you. ", "You have to recognize that your child is not you.”", "\n\nAfter grossing $491 million worldwide, Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is now on Disney Plus, with Woolverton’s legacy of multidimensional female leads once again bolstering the platform. ", "The difference between the early days and now? ", "She’ll keep getting paid for this one." ]

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[ "One of the unfortunate side effects of the Clintons’ return to electoral politics will be the rise of the hacks, a narrow class of ethically dubious “journalists” who understand that conservatives have an endless hunger for Clinton “dirt” and aren’t overly concerned when it comes to sourcing or credibility. ", "The most prominent of these opportunist hacks is Ed Klein, the former editor-in-chief of the New York Times Magazine who long ago slid into the journalistic gutter and found he was well-suited to the environment.", "\n\nWhenever there’s a Clinton-centric story dominating the headlines, Klein will pop up with a thinly sourced and wildly scandalous “scoop” that leans heavily on anonymous quotes from Clinton “insiders.” ", "His track record for accuracy isn’t what you’d call great, given that much of what he reports can be charitably described as “rumors and bullshit” – his last big Clinton “bombshell” reported that Hillary had been briefed about the mortar attack on the CIA facility in Benghazi a full hour before the attack began. ", "But he’s savvy enough to know that the right-wing media will happily buy whatever garbage he’s selling so long as it stimulates the Clinton centers of the conservative brain.", "\n\nAdvertisement:\n\nIn his latest offering, published by the New York Post, Klein writes that White House adviser Valerie Jarrett is responsible for the simmering scandal over Hillary Clinton’s use of private email while secretary of state:\n\nIt’s the vast left-wing conspiracy. ", "Obama senior adviser Valerie Jarrett leaked to the press details of Hillary Clinton’s use of a private e-mail address during her time as secretary of state, sources tell me. ", "But she did so through people outside the administration, so the story couldn’t be traced to her or the White House.", "\n\n“Sources.” ", "Sure sounds like journalism! ", "Anyway, a few paragraphs later, Klein contradicts the thesis of his story by quoting an anonymous Clinton-affiliated person quoting Bill Clinton:\n\nMembers of Bill Clinton’s camp say the former president suspects the White House is the source of the leak and is furious. “", "My contacts and friends in newspapers and TV tell me that they’ve been contacted by the White House and offered all kinds of negative stories about us,” one of Bill’s friends quotes him as saying. “", "The Obamas are behind the e-mail story, and they’re spreading rumors that I’ve been with women, that Hillary promoted people at the State Department who’d done favors for our foundation, that John Kerry had to clean up diplomatic messes Hillary left behind.”", "\n\nOkay, so in the lede Klein writes that Valerie Jarrett is feeding Clinton scandals to the press but doing it “through people outside the administration” so that the Clintons can’t trace it back to Obama. ", "Then he quotes someone quoting Bill Clinton saying that reporters are telling him that the White House is feeding Clintons stories directly to the press. ", "Which is it? ", "Are the Obama people covering their tracks or not? ", "What is truth? ", "How can we really be sure of anything?", "\n\nAdvertisement:\n\nKlein also seems to have absolutely no understanding of how the political press works. “", "My sources say Jarrett saw an opportunity to hit back hard when Monica Lewinsky suddenly resurfaced after years of living in obscurity,” he writes. “", "Jarrett discreetly put out word to some friendly members of the press that the White House would look with favor if they gave Monica some ink and airtime.” ", "In the universe Klein inhabits, political reporters, faced with a Clinton candidacy in 2016, needed encouragement to cover the reemergence of Monica Lewinsky.", "\n\nThere’s no way to verify or fact-check any of this, which is the point. ", "We just have to take Ed Klein at his word, which is argument enough for not believing a single word of it. ", "But, again, he doesn’t have to prove anything he says, because he knows conservatives will happily pass along whatever nonsense he and his “sources” cook up." ]

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[ "A projection-type 3-D image display includes a light source, a single display element, an image shift member, a projection lens unit, and a screen unit. ", "The display element produces an image using light emitted from the light source. ", "The image shift member time-sequentially shifts the image. ", "The projection...http://www.google.com/patents/US7607780?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7607780 - Projection-type 3-D image display using single projector\n\nA projection-type 3-D image display includes a light source, a single display element, an image shift member, a projection lens unit, and a screen unit. ", "The display element produces an image using light emitted from the light source. ", "The image shift member time-sequentially shifts the image. ", "The projection lens unit enlarges and projects the time sequentially shifted image. ", "The screen unit includes an image separation unit. ", "The image separation unit separates the time sequentially shifted image into images for a left eye and images for a right eye. ", "The projection-type 3-D image display can realize a 3-D image using a single projector by having the image shift member to sequentially shift the images produced by the display element.", "\n\na single display element to sequentially produce images for a left eye and images for a right eye using light emitted from the light source;\n\nan image shift member to time-sequentially shift the images produced by the display element;\n\na projection lens unit to enlarge and project the time-sequentially shifted images; and\n\na screen unit having an image separation unit to separate the projected time-sequentially shifted images into the images for a left eye and the images for a right eye,\n\nwherein the image separation unit comprises one of a lenticular lens, a fly-eye lens array, and a parallax barrier.", "\n\n2. ", "The device of claim 1, wherein the display element comprises one of an LCD (liquid crystal display), an FLCD (ferro liquid crystal display), and a movable mirror device.", "\n\n3. ", "The device of claim 1, wherein the image shift member comprises a rotatable mirror.", "\n\n4. ", "The device of claim 3, wherein the image shift member operates at the same frequency as that of an image signal input to the display element.", "\n\n5. ", "The device of claim 1, further comprising:\n\na polarization conversion switch disposed between the display element and the image shift member to selectively switch a polarization direction of the images produced by the display element, wherein the image shift member comprises one or more birefringence elements whose refractive indexes change depending on the polarization direction of the images that have passed through the polarization conversion switch to transmit or refract the images.", "\n\na display unit to form images according to input light and an input image signals;\n\nan image shift unit to sequentially control the images formed by the display unit to proceed along first and second paths;\n\na projection unit to enlarge and project the images proceeding along the first and second paths; and\n\na screen unit to focus the projected images proceeding along the first and second paths to first and second predetermined points, respectively,\n\nwherein the screen unit has an image separation unit comprising one of a lenticular lens, a fly-eye lens array, a parallax barrier, and a LC (liquid crystal barrier).", "\n\n15. ", "The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first predetermined point corresponds to one of right and left eyes of a viewer, and the second predetermined point corresponds to the other one of the right and left eye of the viewer.", "\n\na movable mirror to periodically move between a first position to reflect the images to proceed along the first path and a second position to reflect the images to proceed along the second path.", "\n\n17. ", "A method of displaying a 3-D (3-dimensional) image, comprising:\n\nproducing images using light emitted from a light source and an input image signal;\n\nsequentially shifting the images to direct the images along first and second paths; and\n\nfocusing the images directed along the first path toward a first predetermined viewing position and the images directed along the second path toward a second predetermined viewing position by using an image separation unit comprising one of a lenticular lens, a fly-eye lens array, a parallax barrier, and a LC (liquid crystal) barrier.", "\n\n18. ", "The method of claim 17, wherein the sequentially shifting of the images comprises:\n\nperiodically rotating a mirror between first and second positions to direct the images along the first and second paths.", "\n\n19. ", "The method of claim 17, wherein the sequentially shifting of the images comprises:\n\nsequentially controlling the images to have first and second polarization directions; and\n\ndirecting the images along the first and second paths according to polarization direction thereof.", "\n\n20. ", "The method of claim 17, wherein the focusing of the images directed along the first path toward a first predetermined viewing position and the images directed along the second path toward a second predetermined viewing position comprises:\n\nenlarging and projecting the images directed along the first and second paths to be incident on a screen at first and second angles, respectively; and\n\ncondensing the images incident on the screen at the first and second angles to the first and second predetermined viewing positions, respectively.", "\n\na single display element to sequentially produce images at a plurality of view points using light emitted from the light source;\n\nan image shift member to time-sequentially shift the images produced by the display element;\n\na projection lens unit to enlarge and project the time-sequentially shifted images; and\n\na screen unit having an image separation unit to separate the projected time-sequentially shifted images into the images at a plurality of view points,\n\nwherein the image separation unit comprises one of a lenticular lens, a fly-eye lens array, a parallax barrier, and a LC (liquid crystal barrier).", "\n\nDescription\n\nCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS\n\nThis application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of Korean Patent Application No. ", "10-2004-116956, filed on Dec. 30, 2004, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.", "\n\nBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION\n\n1. ", "Field of the Invention\n\nThe present general inventive concept relates to a projection-type 3-dimensional (3-D) image display, and more particularly, to a projection-type 3-D image display to achieve a small size by realizing a 3-D image using a single projector and to improve a resolution of the 3-D image.", "\n\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\n\nGenerally, a 3-D image is realized through two eyes of a human being using the principle of stereo visual sense. ", "A binocular parallax, which is generated because left and right eyes are located about 65 mm apart from each other, is an important factor in producing a cubic effect. ", "3-D image displays are divided into displays using glasses and glassless displays. ", "Glassless displays obtain the 3-D image by separating left/right images without using glasses. ", "The glassless displays are divided into parallax barrier type displays and lenticular type displays.", "\n\nThe parallax barrier type displays alternately print images that should be seen respectively by the left and right eyes in the form of a vertical pattern or a photo (in order to see the printed image using an extremely thin vertical lattice column, i.e., a barrier). ", "By doing so, a vertical pattern image that is provided to the left eye and a vertical pattern image that is provided to the right eye are distributed by the barrier and images at different viewpoints are seen by the left and right eyes, respectively, whereby a stereo image is perceived.", "\n\nA projection-type image display enlarges an image formed by a display element using a projection lens unit, projects the enlarged image on a screen unit, and realizes a 3-D image using a left/right eye image separation unit provided to the screen unit. ", "FIG. ", "1A is a schematic view illustrating a conventional projection-type image display. ", "The conventional projection-type image display includes a first projector 10 and a second projector 20 and produces a 3-D image by separating images into first images from the first projector 10 and second images from the second projector 20 and sending the first and second images to a right eye (RE) and a left eye (LE) using a screen unit S, respectively.", "\n\nThe screen unit S has a parallax barrier 25 in order to separate the first and second images produced by the first and second projectors 10 and 20 for the RE and the LE, respectively. ", "As illustrated in FIG. ", "1A, the parallax barrier 25 has slits 26 and barriers 27 arranged in an alternate manner. ", "The images from the first and second projectors 10 and 20 are separated into the first images for the RE and the second images for the LE by the slits 26 to form the 3-D image.", "\n\nFIG. ", "1B illustrates the first and second image R and L formed by the conventional projection-type image display of FIG. ", "1A. Since the first and second images R and L are formed and blocked through the slits 26 and the barriers 27, respectively, the second images L are formed at even-numbered lines only and blocked by the barriers 27 so that black lines K are formed at odd-numbered lines, as illustrated in FIG. ", "1B. Similarly, the first images R are formed at the odd-numbered lines only and blocked by the barriers 27 so that the black lines K are formed at the even-numbered lines.", "\n\nAccordingly, a resolution of a display on the whole, as well as a brightness of a 3-D image, deteriorates. ", "Further, since two projectors are used in order to produce the first and second images R and L, a volume of the device is large, not meeting consumer demand for a device having a small size.", "\n\nSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION\n\nThe present general inventive concept provides a projection-type 3-D image display to improve a resolution of a 3-D image and to achieve a small size by realizing the 3-D image using a single projector.", "\n\nAdditional aspects of the present general inventive concept will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the general inventive concept.", "\n\nThe foregoing and/or other aspects of the present general inventive concept may be achieved by providing a projection-type 3-D image display, which includes a light source, a singe display element to produce images using light emitted from the light source, an image shift member to time-sequentially shift the images produced by the display element, a projection lens unit to enlarge and project the time-sequentially shifted images, and a screen unit having an image separation unit to separate the projected time-sequentially shifted images into first images to be viewed by a left eye and second image images to be viewed by a right eye.", "\n\nThe image separation unit may be one of a lenticular lens, a fly-eye lens array, and a parallax barrier.", "\n\nThe image separation unit may include a liquid crystal (LC) barrier to selectively switch between a 2-D image and a 3-D image.", "\n\nThe display element may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a movable mirror device.", "\n\nThe image shift member may be a rotatable mirror.", "\n\nThe image shift member may operate at the same frequency as that of an image signal input to the display element.", "\n\nA polarization conversion switch to selectively switch the polarization direction of the images produced by the display element may be disposed between the display element and the image shift member. ", "The image shift member may include a birefringence element whose refractive index changes depending on the polarization direction of the images produced by the display element that have passed through the polarization conversion switch to transmit or refract the images.", "\n\nThe polarization conversion switch may be an LC polarization converter.", "\n\nThe polarization conversion switch may be switched on or off in synchronization with an image signal input to the display element.", "\n\nThe birefringence element may be made of calcite or nematic liquid crystal.", "\n\nThe display element may have a fill factor that depends on a number of view points of an image.", "\n\nThe display element may have a fill factor of 0.5.", "\n\nThe foregoing and/or other aspects of the present general inventive concept may also be achieved by providing a projection-type 3-D (3-dimensional) image display apparatus, including a display unit to form images according to input light and an input image signals, an image shift unit to sequentially control the images formed by the display unit to proceed along first and second paths, a projection unit to enlarge and project the images proceeding along the first and second paths, and a screen unit to focus the projected images proceeding along the first and second paths to first and second predetermined points, respectively.", "\n\nThe foregoing and/or other aspects of the present general inventive concept may also be achieved by providing a method of displaying a 3-D (3-dimensional) image, including producing images using light emitted from a light source and an input image signal, sequentially shifting the images to direct the images along first and second paths, and focusing the images directed along the first path toward a first predetermined viewing position and the images directed along the second path toward a second predetermined viewing position.", "\n\nBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS\n\nThese and/or other aspects of the present general inventive concept will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:\n\nFIG. ", "1B is a view illustrating first and second images R and L displayed by the conventional 3-D image display illustrated in FIG. ", "1A;\n\nFIG. ", "2A is a view illustrating a projection-type 3-D image display according to an embodiment of the present general inventive concept;\n\nFIG. ", "2B is a view illustrating an image shift member of the projection-type 3-D image display illustrated in FIG. ", "2A;\n\nFIGS. ", "3A and 3B are exemplary views illustrating an image separation unit of a screen unit of the projection-type 3-D image display of FIG. ", "2A according to various embodiments of the present general inventive concept;\n\nFIGS. ", "4A and 4B are views illustrating an LC barrier provided as the image separation unit of the screen unit of the projection-type 3-D image display of FIG. ", "2A according to another embodiment of the present general inventive concept;\n\nFIGS. ", "5A and 5B are views illustrating a state in which a fill factor of a display element is 1.0 and state in which the fill factor of the display element is 0.5, respectively;\n\nFIGS. ", "6A and 6B are views illustrating states before and after images are shifted by the image shift member of the projection-type 3-D image display of FIG. ", "2A, respectively;\n\nFIG. ", "7 is a view illustrating a process in which a 3-D image is displayed by the projection-type 3-D image display of FIG. ", "2A; and\n\nFIG. ", "8 is a schematic view illustrating a projection-type 3-D image display according to another embodiment of the present general inventive concept.", "\n\nDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS\n\nReference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present general inventive concept, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. ", "The embodiments are described below in order to explain the present general inventive concept while referring to the figures.", "\n\nA projection-type 3-D image display according to various embodiments of the present general inventive concept realizes a stereo image by time-sequentially displaying first images R to be viewed by a right eye (RE) and second images L to be viewed by a (LE) using a single projector.", "\n\nFIG. ", "2A illustrates a projection-type 3-D image display according to an embodiment of the present general inventive concept. ", "Referring to FIG. ", "2A, the projection-type 3-D image display includes a light source 100, a color filter 105 to separate light emitted from the light source 100 according to colors thereof, a display element 110 to process the light separated by the color filter 105 according to an input signal to produce a color image, an image shift member 115 to shift the color image, and a projection lens unit 117 to enlarge the color image and to project the enlarged color image on a screen unit S.\n\nThe light source 100 includes a lamp 101 to generate light and a reflection mirror 102 to reflect the light generated by the lamp 101 to guide a progress path thereof. ", "The reflection mirror 102 may be an elliptical mirror with the lamp 101 disposed at one focus thereof and a point at which the light generated by the lamp 101 is condensed at the other focus thereof. ", "Alternatively, the reflection mirror 102 may be a parabolic mirror to convert the light generated by the lamp 101 and reflected by the reflection mirror 102 into parallel rays.", "\n\nA first relay lens 108 can be disposed on an optical path between the color filter 105 and the display element 110 to cause the light separated by the color filter 105 to be parallel and incident on the display element 110. ", "Also, an aperture 107 can be disposed between the color filter 105 and the first relay lens 108 to regulate a cross-section of light emitted from the light source 100. ", "The aperture 107 shapes the cross-section of the light to match a shape of the display element 110.", "\n\nA second relay lens 112 can be disposed between the display element 110 and the image shift member 115 to cause the color image produced by the display element 110 to be condensed at a predetermined angle toward the image shift member 115.", "\n\nA first axis of light reflected by the display element 110 and a second axis of light from the image shift member 115 to the projection lens unit 117 are positioned on different planes from each other so that light travelling the first axis does not interfere with light travelling along the second axis. ", "The display element 110 can be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a ferro LCD, or a movable mirror device. ", "The LCD produces the color image by forming thin film transistors (TFTs) and electrodes in a pixel unit and applying an electric field to liquid crystal thereof. ", "The movable mirror device includes a plurality of micro-mirrors arranged in 2-dimension and each of the micro-mirrors can rotate independently. ", "An incident beam progresses toward the projection lens unit or deviates from the projection lens unit depending on the rotational direction of the micro-mirrors and resultantly the micro-mirrors are switched on or off by pixel unit, so that the color image is realized.", "\n\nIn the image display according to this embodiment of the present general inventive concept, the image shift member 115 can be a mirror that can rotate by a predetermined angle with respect to an optical axis as illustrated in FIG. ", "2B. An actuator 116 can be provided to rotate the image shift member 115. ", "As the image shift member 115 rotates, a reflection angle of incident light Li changes. ", "That is, if the image shift member 115 is positioned at a first position p1, the incident light Li is incident on the image shift member 115 and emitted in a first direction Lo1. ", "On the contrary, if the image shift member 115 is rotated from the first position p1 and positioned at a second position p2, the incident light Li is incident on the image shift member 115 and emitted in a second direction Lo2. ", "As described above, the color image produced by the display element 110 is emitted to different directions, i.e., different angles according to a rotational motion of the image shift member 115.", "\n\nThe screen unit S includes a screen 120 and an image separation unit 122 to separate the color image enlarged and projected by the projection lens unit 117 into first images R to be viewed by the RE and second images L to be viewed by the LE to produce the 3-D image. ", "The image separation unit 122 can be a lenticular lens, a fly-eye lens, or a parallax-barrier. ", "Alternatively, the image separation unit 122 can be a liquid crystal (LC) barrier capable of switching between a 2-D image and a 3-D image.", "\n\nFIG. ", "3A exemplarily illustrates the screen unit S of FIG. ", "2A when a lenticular lens 123 is used as the image separation unit 122. ", "The lenticular lens 123 separates the color image incident on the screen unit S into the first images R and the second images L by allowing light incident on the screen unit S at different angles to be focused to different points. ", "That is, the lenticular lens 123 focuses the color image emitted in the first direction Lo1 from the image shift member 115 at the first position p1 toward the RE and focuses the color image emitted in the second direction Lo2 from the image shift member 115 at the second position p2 toward the LE. ", "FIG. ", "3B exemplarily illustrates the screen unit S of FIG. ", "2A when a parallax-barrier 124 is employed as the image separation unit 122. ", "The parallax-barrier 124 includes slits 124a and barriers 124b arranged in an alternate manner to separate the color image into the first images R and the second images L by allowing the light incident with different angles to be focused to different points using the slits 124a and the barriers 124b. ", "That is, the parallax-barrier 124 focuses the color image emitted in the first direction Lo1 from the image shift member 115 at the first position p1 toward the RE and focuses the color image emitted in the second direction Lo2 from the image shift member 115 at the second position p2 toward the LE.", "\n\nThe lenticular lens 123, the parallax-barrier 124, or the fly-eye lens produce the 3-D image by separating the color image incident from the projection lens unit 117 into the first images R and the second images L and condense the respective first and second images R and L to the RE and the LE, respectively. ", "When the image separation unit 122 is embodied as the lenticular lens 123, the parallax-barrier, or the fly-eye lens, the image separation unit 122 can only realize a 3-D image, but may not switch the 3-D image to a 2-D image.", "\n\nHowever, when the image separation unit 122 includes an LC barrier 126, as illustrated in FIG. ", "4A, the image separation unit 122 can selectively switch between the 3-D image and the 2-D image. ", "The LC barrier 126 can selectively form slits 126a or barriers 126b through on/off operation of electrodes connected with the LC. ", "Also, it is possible to transmit the projected image as it is without separating the projected image into the first and second images R and L by turning off all of the electrodes of the LC barrier 126 to allow all of the barriers 126b to function as the slits 126a as illustrated in FIG. ", "4B. Through such a process, the same images that have passed through the projection lens unit 117 are provided to the RE and the LE such that the 2-D image is realized.", "\n\nA fill factor of the display element 110 may be 0.5. ", "The fill factor represents a ratio of an effective pixel size to an entire pixel size. ", "The effective pixel size represents a size actually used to produce an image. ", "FIGS. ", "5A and 5B illustrate cases in which the fill factor is 1.0 and 0.5, respectively. ", "Since the same image signals are input to the display element when the fill factor is 1.0 and 0.5, brightness can deteriorate more or less but resolution does not deteriorate when the fill factor is changed from 1.0 to 0.5. ", "The deterioration of the brightness can be resolved by reinforcing the light source. ", "An arrangement of the effective pixels among pixels 110a of the display element 110 may be the same as that of the slits and the barriers of the parallax-barrier.", "\n\nAs described above, this embodiment of the present general inventive concept can prevent the resolution from deteriorating by controlling the fill factor of the display element 110 when realizing the 3-D image and realizes the 3-D image using a single projector by adopting the image shift member 115.", "\n\nIn operation, the light emitted from the light source 100 passes through the color filter 105 where the light is divided into beams of various colors, e.g., red, green, and blue beams, which are sequentially incident on the display element 110. ", "The display element 110 produces an image by space-modulating the image for each pixel 110a using the input signal. ", "The fill factor of the image produced by the display element 110 can be 0.5, as described above, and accordingly, the display element 110 produces the image as illustrated in FIG. ", "5B.\n\nThe image produced by the display element 110 is reflected by the image shift member 115, enlarged and projected on the screen unit S by the projection lens unit 117, and directed to the eyes (i.e., the RE and the LE) of an observer through the screen unit S. Accordingly, the image produced by the display element 110 with the fill factor of 0.5 is delivered to the screen unit S to produce the first image R. Since the image is produced by the display element 110 with the fill factor of 0.5, the resolution of the first image R is not deteriorated. ", "The first image can be produced as illustrated in FIG. ", "6A. Referring to FIG. ", "6A, 1/T represents an operation frequency of the display element 110.", "\n\nNext, the image shift member 115 rotates such that the image produced by the display element 110 is shifted and the shifted image (i.e., the second image L) is projected on the screen unit S. The shifted second image L can be formed as illustrated in FIG. ", "6B. The image shift member 115 operates at the same frequency as an image signal of the display element 110 by operating in synchronization with the image signal of the display element 110. ", "Presuming that an image signal processing period of the display element 110 is ‘T’, a rotation movement period T of the image shift member 115 can also be ‘T’ and a rotational speed is ‘1/T’. ", "For example, if an image signal processing speed of the display element 110 is 60 Hz, the image shift member 115 operates by a unit of 1/60 sec. ", "That is, the image shift member 115 rotates one time for one image signal of the display element 110 such that the first and second images R and L are sequentially reflected from the image shift member 115 for the one image signal to produce one frame image. ", "Although the first and second images R and L are described above as being directed toward the RE and the LE, respectively, the screen unit S may alternatively reflect the image emitted from the image shift member 115 at the first position p1 toward the LE and the image emitted from the image shift member at the second position p2 toward the RE.", "\n\nFIG. ", "7 illustrates a process of sequentially forming the first image R and the second image L formed by shifting the first image R and combining the first and second images R and L to produce the 3-D image.", "\n\nWhen the image shift member 115 is at the first position p1, the image produced by the display element 110 is enlarged and projected on the screen unit S through the projection lens unit 117 and delivered to the RE by the image separation unit 122. ", "Subsequently, the image shift member 115 rotates a predetermined angle to the second position p2 to shift the image produced by the display element 110 to produce the second image L. The shifted second image L is enlarged and projected on the screen unit S by the projection lens unit 117 and delivered to the LE by the image separation unit 122. ", "The image is separated into the first and second images R and L as described above to produce the 3-D image.", "\n\nAs described above, the image separation unit 122 can be the lenticular lens 123, the fly-eye lens, the parallax-barrier 124, or the LC barrier 126. ", "In the case in which the LC barrier 126 is adopted as the image separation unit 122, electrodes connected with the LC barrier 126 are on/off-operated such that a 2-D image or a 3-D image can be selectively switched.", "\n\nFIG. ", "8 illustrates a projection-type 3-D image display according to another embodiment of the present general inventive concept. ", "The projection-type 3-D image display of this embodiment includes a display element 210 to produce an image, a polarization conversion switch 215 to selectively switch a polarization direction of the image produced by the display element 210, and an image shift member 220 to change a refractive index thereof depending on the polarization direction of the image to shift the image.", "\n\nThe display element 210 can be a polarization-dependant liquid crystal display (LCD), an FLCD, or a transmissive or reflective type display. ", "The polarization conversion switch 215 can be an LC polarization converter and switches the polarization direction of incident light by selectively applying a power for each pixel.", "\n\nThe image shift member 220 includes a prism 221 and a birefringence element 222 whose refractive index changes depending on the polarization direction of incident light. ", "The prism 221 and the birefringence element 222 can each have a triangular-prism shape and can be joined to each other. ", "The image shift member 220 can include a plurality of prisms 221 and birefringence elements 222 arranged in the form of an array. ", "Otherwise, the image shift member 220 can include one prism 221 and one birefringence element 222.", "\n\nThe birefringence element 222 has a property that a refractive index thereof changes depending on the polarization direction of incident light. ", "That is, a normal ray having a polarization direction parallel with a crystal optical axis of the birefringence element is transmitted as it is according to a normal refractive index of the birefringence element, and an abnormal ray having a polarization direction perpendicular to the crystal optical axis of the birefringence element is refracted according to an abnormal refractive index of the birefringence element. ", "Therefore, when light of P polarization and light of S polarization pass through the birefringence element 222, the light is refracted at different angels, respectively. ", "The birefringence element can be made of calcite or nematic liquid crystal, for example.", "\n\nThe prism 221 has the same refractive index as the normal refractive index of the birefringence element. ", "The normal ray, e.g., light of P polarization, passes through a boundary surface between the prism 221 and the birefringence element 222 without refraction and the abnormal ray, e.g., light of S polarization, is refracted at the boundary surface.", "\n\nA first image of light having a first polarization and a second image of light having the second polarization are produced sequentially in time by interaction between the polarization conversion switch 215 and the image shift member 220 and are incident on a screen unit S through a projection lens unit 225 at different angles. ", "Similar to the embodiment of FIG. ", "2A, the screen unit S includes a screen 227 and an image separation unit 230. ", "The first and second images incident on the screen unit S at the different angles by the image shift member 220 are directed to the RE and the LE, respectively, by the image separation unit 230 to produce a stereo image. ", "Since the image separation unit 230 has the same construction as the image separation unit 122 described with reference to FIGS. ", "2A, 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. ", "In the case in which the LC barrier is adopted as the image separation unit 230, a 2-D image or a 3-D image can be selectively displayed.", "\n\nOperations of the 3-D image display of the embodiment of FIG. ", "8 are described below.", "\n\nThe image emitted from the display element 210 has a predetermined first polarization direction, e.g., the P polarization direction, and is incident on the polarization conversion switch 215. ", "The polarization conversion switch 215 is turned off to transmit the image as it is without changing the first polarization direction of the image. ", "Presuming that the first polarization direction has a polarization direction parallel with a crystal optical axis of the birefringence element 222, the first image having the first polarization direction passes through the prism 221 and the birefringence element 222. ", "For example, the first image having the P polarization passes through the birefringence element 222 in a straight line, whereas light having the S polarization is refracted by the birefringence element 222.", "\n\nThe first image having the first polarization passes through the birefringence element 222 without refraction and is enlarged and projected on the screen unit S by the projection lens unit 225 to direct the first image to the RE through the image separation unit 230. ", "Subsequently, when the image having the first polarization direction is incident on the polarization conversion switch 215, the polarization conversion switch 215 is turned on to switch the polarization direction of the image. ", "Accordingly, the second image whose polarization direction is switched from the first polarization direction to a second polarization direction by the polarization conversion switch 215 is incident on the image shift member 220. ", "The second image having the second polarization direction, e.g., the S polarization, has a polarization direction perpendicular to the crystal optical axis of the birefringence element 222 and is refracted to a direction different from the direction of the first image having the first polarization. ", "Therefore, the first and second images originate from the same image information and are shifted by the birefringence element 222 depending on the polarization directions thereof.", "\n\nThe second image having the second polarization direction is shifted by the birefringence element 222 is incident on the screen unit S at an angle different from the first image by the projection lens unit 225. ", "Accordingly, the second image is directed to the LE through the image separation unit 230.", "\n\nThe polarization conversion switch 215 operates at the same frequency as and in synchronization with the image signal of the display element 210. ", "For example, if an image signal processing speed of the display element 210 is 60 Hz, the polarization conversion switch 215 on/off-operates by unit of 1/60 sec. ", "That is, the polarization conversion switch 215 on/off-operates one time for one image signal of the display element 210 such that the first image having the first polarization direction and the second image having the second polarization direction are sequentially output for one image signal.", "\n\nIf the polarization conversion switch 215 is in an off-state, the image produced by the display element 210 according to the image signal passes through the birefringence element 222 without change in its polarization direction to produce the first image. ", "If the polarization conversion switch 215 is in an on-state, the image produced by the display element 210 according to the image signal is switched in its polarization direction and refracted by the birefringence element 222 to produce the second image shifted relative to the first image.", "\n\nAccordingly, the first image of the first polarization direction and the second image of the second polarization direction are combined to produce a one frame 3-D image.", "\n\nThe present general inventive concept can realize a 3-D image using a single display element by shifting images using a movable mirror device as illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. ", "2A in a case in which the one of a liquid crystal display (LCD), a ferro LCD (FLCD), or a movable mirror device is adopted as a display element, or by shifting images using a polarization conversion switch and a birefringence element as illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. ", "8 in a case in which the LCD or the FLCD is adopted as a display element.", "\n\nA projection-type 3-D image display according to the embodiments of the present general inventive concept can provide images at a plurality of view points by shifting the images for one image signal using an image shift member. ", "Although in the embodiments illustrated above, one frame image is produced using one set of images at two view points, it is possible to produce one frame image using images at three or more view points by adjusting a rotational angle of the image shift member. ", "Also, a display element can have a fill factor that depends on the number of view points and sequentially enlarges and projects the images from the view points. ", "The fill factor of the display element may be a reciprocal number of the number of the view points. ", "For example, if the number of the view points is 2, the fill factor of the display element may be ½ and if the number of the view points is 3, the fill factor of the display element may be ⅓. The image shift member can rotate by a predetermined angle according to the number of the view points to shift the images.", "\n\nA projection-type 3-D image display according to the embodiments of the present general inventive concept can realize a 3-D image using a single projector by having an image shift member to time-sequentially shift images produced by a display element. ", "By doing so, a volume of the projection-type 3-D image display can be made small and manufacturing costs can be cut down. ", "Also, it is possible to prevent the resolution from deteriorating when displaying a 3-D image by setting a fill factor of the display element to 0.5.", "\n\nFurther, it is possible to switch between a 2-D image and a 3-D image as desired by an observer by adopting an LC barrier as an image separation unit and it is also possible to realize a large-scale 3-D image by enlarging and projecting a 3-D image on a screen unit.", "\n\nAlthough a few embodiments of the present general inventive concept have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the general inventive concept, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents." ]

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[ "Richard G.\n\nName: Richard van Gerrevink\n\nResiding for quite some time now in and around the city of Nijmegen, where I spend most of my time in and (mostly) out of class, the sponge that is my musical taste is absorbing mainly those products in which the, in my opinion, noble instrument the guitar seems to play at least some minor part in the music. ", "Atmospheric soundscapes, extreme brutality, lovely melodies, interesting lyrical concepts, evil vocals, mind-numbing velocity, sincere emotions and all kinds of combinations of these features certainly help in keeping me interested. ", "It should be clear by now that a lot of musical genres are to my liking and that I’m not really a fan of short-sightedness. ", "This, of course, does not mean that every style is consumed gratuitously. ", "For a somewhat critical attitude is rather imperative, nowadays, in order to be able to distinguish the good from the bad and to be able to avert an untimely personal bankruptcy… So, this is me and this is my view of certain things; time for you to check out the rest of this website!" ]

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[ "The Players\n\nHamlet\n\nThe Players Speech – Hamlet’s Attempt to Kill Claudius – Greg Doran decided to repeat the image of Priam hesitating with his sword in the air, as shown by the player, when Hamlet takes the dagger to Claudius. ", "Watch The Player’s speech immediately followed by Hamlet’s attempt to kill Claudius. ", "What are the similarities? ", "How […]" ]

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[ "Allies of Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell declared open warfare on Wednesday against Stephen Bannon, the former White House chief strategist and leader of an insurrection aimed at defeating mainstream GOP candidates in next year's midterm elections.", "\n\nMore than a year ahead of the 2018 congressional contests, a super PAC aligned with McConnell, R-Ky., revealed plans to attack Bannon personally as it works to protect incumbents facing uphill primary fights. ", "The effort reflects the growing concern of Republican lawmakers over the rise of anti-establishment forces and comes amid escalating frustration over President Donald Trump's conduct, which has prompted a handful of lawmakers to publicly criticize the president.", "\n\nYet the retaliatory crusade does not aim to target Trump, whose popularity remains high among Republican voters. ", "Instead, the McConnell-allied Senate Leadership Fund (SLF) will highlight Bannon's hard-line populism and attempt to link him to white nationalism to discredit him and the candidates he will support. ", "It will also boost candidates with traditional GOP profiles and excoriate those tied to Bannon, with plans to spend millions and launch a heavy social media presence in some states.", "\n\nThe turbulence presents a danger to Republicans' narrow 52-seat majority in the Senate, with seasoned GOP lawmakers deciding to not seek reelection amid the political storm - and with many GOP voters cheering the rancor that Bannon has stoked from his perch at his website, Breitbart.", "\n\nSen. Jeff Flake, R-Ariz., in an emotional plea Tuesday, said that he would not run in 2018, one week after Sen. Bob Corker, R-Tenn., had done the same. ", "Both men, no longer accountable to Republican primary voters, have taken on higher-profile roles as critics of the president, with Corker calling for a \"day care\" to step in and control him and Flake calling Trump's behavior \"unacceptable.\"", "\n\nBut some Republican lawmakers have privately fretted that simply speaking out against Trump's incendiary statements or the Bannon-aligned candidates that are rousing anger in their states will not be enough - and could backfire - as they try to survive the surge of grievance-driven politics that has gripped the GOP's base.", "\n\n\"It's tough,\" Flake told CNN on Wednesday. \"", "I'm competitive. ", "I like to fight these battles. ", "But I also knew that I couldn't run the kind of race that I would be proud of and win in a Republican primary at this time. ", "The politics in that way have changed.\"", "\n\nIn the wake of Flake's announcement, the SLF called Arizona state Sen. Kelli Ward, Bannon's pick to replace Flake, a \"conspiracy theorist\" and promised to ensure her defeat.", "\n\nIn recent weeks, Bannon has held court as dozens of candidates have streamed through his Capitol Hill townhouse, including Ward last week, urging them to pledge to vote against McConnell for majority leader. ", "Mississippi state Sen. Chris McDaniel, R, is close to making a decision on a bid against Sen. Roger Wicker, R-Miss., and has won Bannon's blessing, according to a person close to him.", "\n\nBannon's critics argue that he is causing unnecessary internal divisions that could make it harder to pass tax legislation - and to win general elections next fall. ", "They also point to Sen. Luther Strange's defeat in last month's Republican primary in a special Senate election in Alabama as an example of a dynamic they worry could repeat itself across the next year if left unchecked. ", "The SLF spent more than $10 million to help Strange.", "\n\nStrange was endorsed by Trump and McConnell but lost to a former state judge, Roy Moore, who had won the backing of Bannon and his orbit of allies. ", "Moore is now in a tight race with Democratic nominee Doug Jones.", "\n\n\"This is a guy who is more interested in seeing his name in the headlines than he is in any kind of accomplishment for the president,\" said Josh Holmes, a former chief of staff to McConnell who has been increasingly outspoken in his opposition to Bannon. \"", "It comes at great cost to the president's term, the Republican Party and any hope they can have at working as a team.\"", "\n\nOn Wednesday, the SLF's Twitter account mocked Danny Tarkanian - a frequent conservative candidate in Nevada who is challenging Sen. Dean Heller, R-Nev., - for suggesting that Heller join him in pledging to oppose McConnell as majority leader.", "\n\nThe tweets also turned the spotlight on Bannon.", "\n\nThe SLF tweeted a 2016 headline from the New York Daily News - \"Anti-Semitic Trump campaign CEO Stephen Bannon not a big fan of 'whiny brat' Jews, ex-wife says\" - with space for Tarkanian's signature.", "\n\n\"Here's another pledge for @DannyTarkanian to sign,\" the PAC tweeted.", "\n\nThe Daily News reported last year that in a 2007 court statement, Bannon's former wife Mary Louise Piccard said he didn't want their twin daughters attending a school because too many Jews attended. \"", "The biggest problem he had with Archer [School for Girls in Los Angeles] is the number of Jews that attend,\" Piccard said in her statement, the newspaper reported.", "\n\nBannon's spokeswoman Alexandra Preate told The Washington Post last year that Bannon has denied saying that and proudly sent the girls to Archer. ", "And after seeing the SLF tweet to Tarkanian on Wednesday, a Bannon confidant said, he responded to the group's social-media blitz with laughter - as he has to other attacks on his character in recent weeks.", "\n\nThat attack was one of a number of swipes at Bannon that have popped up as the former White House adviser has emerged as a player on the national political scene. ", "Holmes and others have called him a \"white supremacist.\"", "\n\nHolmes defended his use of the term to describe Bannon in a recent interview. \"", "If you look at his associations, the people who are ecstatic about his efforts, the long history of conduct that he has been a part of, I will let others come to their conclusions,\" Holmes said. \"", "But this is not a guy that just burst on the scene. ", "Let's not act like everybody doesn't know exactly who Steve Bannon is.\"", "\n\nBannon has said repeatedly that his nationalist, populist vision includes a place for all races, sexual orientations and genders to succeed.", "\n\n\"Do we need any further evidence than Mitch McConnell and his cronies reducing themselves to using left-wing talking points to attack Steve? ", "It's pathetic to watch,\" said Andy Surabian, a senior adviser to the Great America Alliance super PAC and Bannon's former deputy at the White House. ", "The pro-Trump PAC is engaged in a slew of races, sending around a bus to rally activists, and counts longtime operative Edward Rollins as its strategist. \"", "Every poll shows Mitch McConnell is an albatross on the Republican candidates,\" Surabian said. \"", "If McConnell truly cared about our Republican majority in the Senate more than he cares about his own power, then he would step down as Senate majority leader today.\"", "\n\nBannon's circle says the contents of his divorce proceedings, along with claims of racism, are unlikely to do new damage to his reputation, since he has been targeted in the past along those same lines by Democrats, and even in a \"Saturday Night Live\" caricature as an angel of death. ", "Advisers also note that the attacks elevate Bannon's profile, which could help carry his anti-establishment message.", "\n\nIn an email, SLF President Steven Law said he expects Bannon to become a liability for any insurgent candidates he supports in 2018.", "\n\n\"But his real impact would be felt in general elections, where Bannon's well-documented, toxic views and alt-right paper trail could become a liability for candidates who are perceived as closely tied to him,\" Law said.", "\n\nAccording to public polling, neither McConnell nor Bannon is in good standing with voters. ", "In an April poll conducted by Quinnipiac University, one of few to ask voters about Bannon, just 11 percent said they viewed him positively and 45 percent said they viewed him negatively. ", "The numbers were better among Republicans, with a nine-point favorability margin.", "\n\nSen. John Barrasso, R-Wy., ", "one of the incumbents mentioned as a possible target for Bannon in 2018, dismissed the effort to get Senate Republicans to sign pledges vowing to oppose McConnell.", "\n\n\"No, I haven't signed pledges. ", "I didn't sign Grover Norquist's pledge,\" Barrasso said on Wednesday, referring to the anti-tax advocate's famous pledge. \"", "I'm not a guy that signs pledges, and I'm going to vote for whoever I believe is in the best interests of the people of Wyoming.\"", "\n\nThe reasons for Flake's decision may be tied less to the national environment surrounding the feud between McConnell and Bannon and more about raw home-state politics. ", "Reams of public and private polling in recent months have found Flake to be an unpopular incumbent, especially among the Republican voters he would need to win over in a primary fight next year.", "\n\nMcConnell's polling among Republicans has tumbled since the start of the year - a fact that Bannon has used to his advantage. ", "On Tuesday, Bannon's Breitbart website reported that a Harvard-Harris poll found 56 percent of Republicans in favor of dumping McConnell as leader. ", "That same day, at a media roundtable organized by the conservative Heritage Foundation, a reporter for Breitbart asked members of the House Freedom Caucus to respond to the poll number.", "\n\nAs the two sides spar, Senate Republicans are trying to demonstrate that the party's agenda is moving forward despite the infighting - and that relations with the White House are smooth. ", "On Wednesday, a day after Flake made his charged speech, Ivanka Trump appeared with Republican senators to pitch a child tax credit that she has lobbied to include in the upcoming tax legislation.", "\n\nStill, GOP donors who are friendly with McConnell welcomed the effort to thwart Bannon's attempts to shape the 2018 contests and rattle McConnell as Senate Republicans are trying to work with Trump.", "\n\n\"Absolutely. ", "Why not?\" ", "said Al Hoffman, a major Republican donor and McConnell ally. \"", "You've got to get rid of the Bannon banner.\"", "\n\nThe Washington Post's Ed O'Keefe and Paul Kane in Washington and Sean Sullivan in Alabama contributed to this report." ]

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[ "George E. Collins\n\nGeorge E. Collins (January 10, 1928 in Stuart, Iowa – November 21, 2017 in Madison, Wisconsin) was an American mathematician and computer scientist. ", "He is the inventor of garbage collection by reference counting\nand of the method of quantifier elimination by cylindrical algebraic decomposition.", "\n\nHe received his PhD from Cornell University in 1955. ", "He worked at IBM, the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1966–1986) Ohio State University, RISC-Linz, Delaware University, and North Carolina State University.", "\n\nSelected publications\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1928 births\nCategory:2017 deaths\nCategory:People from Stuart, Iowa\nCategory:American mathematicians\nCategory:American computer scientists" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nIs this possible with IList\n\nI have a public class called Profile. ", "Very simple model class currently with 2 properties; string Name and string Fields. ", "As I develop the project the class will expand but it's not particularly important at the moment.", "\nI have a Global static IList of type Profile called Profiles. ", "I am quite new to manipulating the data in these IEnumerable types but I am looking to update one of the properties of a single profile. ", "I have tried the following but I am receiving an object reference not set exception. ", "The following is where I set the property:\nProfiles.", "Single(x => x.Name == listBoxProfiles.", "Text).Fields = textBoxFieldName.", "Text;\n\nThe debugger is showing the listbox and textbox text properties both have the correct values so I think that it is the way I am using single that is wrong.", "\nIf anyone could shed some light I would be grateful.", "\n\nA:\n\nA simple amendment to make the code more defensive is all that is required:\nvar profile = Profiles.", "SingleOrDefault(x => x.Name == listBoxProfiles.", "Text);\n\nif (profile !", "= null)\n{\n profile.", "Fields = textBoxFieldName.", "Text;\n}\nelse\n{\n Profiles.", "Add(new Profile(textBoxFieldName.", "Text));\n}\n\nThis code will cope with missing values, SingleOrDefault expects 0 or 1 items to be returned. ", "It will throw an exception if more than 1 items are found.", "\nIf you know your code should always have the item you are looking for, then your code will work - but I'd advise against this style of programming in favour of being a little more defensive.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "What is it about?", "\n\nApp Details\n\nApp Screenshots\n\nApp Store Description\n\nDownloads Sheep & Bunny Stickers for iMessage\n\nHow to use iMessage Stickers:• Tap the App Store icon alongside the message box in iMessage• Tap the icon on the lower left corner and then the plus icon to access the App Store for iMessage. ", "Tap Manage tab and find Sheep Bunny Stickers to add it.• You can peel and place them on anything in your conversation – bubbles, images, or even other stickers.", "\n\nDisclaimer:\nAppAdvice does not own this application and only provides images and links contained in the iTunes Search API,\nto help our users find the best apps to download. ", "If you are the developer of this app and would like your\ninformation removed, please send a request to [email protected]\nand your information will be removed." ]

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[ "*Sea turtles have swum the seas for a couple hundred million years. ", "Today all seven species are in dire shape, especially in Mexico and Australia.", "\n\nAccording to University of British Columbia’s renowned fisheries biologist, Professor Daniel Pauley, “between 10 and 100 trillion oceanic creatures a year are being destroyed by man.” ", "Incomprehensible.", "\n\nFisheries are annihilating everything in the seas. ", "There are 13 million miles of longlines, or, enough line for 27 return trips to the moon, with almost 2 billion legal and illegal hooks. ", "In 2000 alone, University of Duke scientists reported that longlines mutilated 200,000 loggerhead and 50,000 leatherback sea turtles. ", "Horrendous.", "\n\nIt’s not just these deadly hooked lines that are the culprits. ", "The conservation group World Animal Protection estimates that each year fisheries disdainfully discard and/or abandon 640,000 metric tons of nets, which become ghost nets. ", "Not only do these ghastly entanglements suffocate 308,000 cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), but also many thousands of sea turtles.", "\n\nOver the past month, more than 400 sea turtles have turned up in two deadly waves along the southwest shores of Mexico.", "\n\nHundreds of endangered sea turtles found dead near southern Mexico.”", "\n\nEarlier this week, more than 300 endangered olive ridley sea turtles were discovered trapped and decomposed in a massive illegal 393-foot long net off the shores of the state of Oaxaca, southern Mexico. ", "It’s heartbreaking to see these masterpieces floating lifelessly because rapacious entitled humans are destroying everything in the sea with impunity.", "\n\nIn late July (2018), 113 masterpieces (102 olive ridley, 6 hawksbill, 5 greens) washed ashore at Puerto Arista, Chiapas, neighbouring southerly state of Oaxaca. ", "Asphyxiation, fishing hooks and harmful algal blooms laced with deadly saxitoxin and domoic acid from above normal sea surface temperatures, all appear to have collided. ", "My colleagues are currently undertaking the necropsies.", "\n\nMeanwhile across the Pacific in the southern hemisphere, far north Queensland, Cape York region, Australia, thousands of drowned sea turtles continue to pile up in discarded subsidized petroleum-based fisheries’ nets.", "\n\nOver the previous 10 years at least 10,000 paddling masterpieces have been demolished by ghost nets.", "\n\nWe are in the midst of the accelerating Sixth Mass Extinction. ", "It’s occurring by as much as 10,000 times faster than the previous five others.", "\n\nOn top of all the fisheries mayhem, petroleum-based plastics are killing a million marine creatures annually.", "\n\nAlready, 70 percent of sea birds have vanished. ", "More than 60 percent of the remaining feathered beauties are full of plastics. “", "Often a bird will be killed by its parents, which has accidentally brought plastic items to their chicks, mistaking them for food,” said Dr Jennifer Lavers, University of Tasmania.", "\n\nWhat we do to the oceans and all sea life, we do to ourselves. ", "An immediate global campaign to remove ghost nets is obligatory.", "\n\nIn order for marine life to heal, it’s time to end fisheries for 50 years.", "\n\nAll life is now facing near-term extinction. ", "Ladies and gentlemen, we must not go quietly into this hideous impoverished future!", "\n\nPlease support the excellent work of the direct-action conservation movement Sea Shepherd because they are removing ghost nets and protecting the sea turtles, the sharks and the cetaceans.", "\n\n#Resist" ]

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[ "NR1, NR2A and NR2C subunits expression after cervical spinal cord transplant and section in dogs.", "\nThis paper served to evaluate the expression levels of subunits NR1, NR2A and NR2C which are implicated in neuronal plasticity events. ", "A 50% (right half) 4 mm longitudinal resection of the spinal cord was done at the C5-C6 level with preservation of the anterior spinal artery. ", "This was effected in a dog model after either a homologous transplant or a pure spinal cord section. ", "In this study we used two groups of dogs with four individuals each, as well as a control group. ", "The transplant group (n=4) was analyzed at days 3 and 28 post surgery. ", "The section group (n=4) was also analyzed at days 3 and 28 post op. ", "All three groups (transplant, section and control) were evaluated as to the subunit expression in each of the segments corresponding to the transplanted or sectioned sites, the site contralateral to the transplanted or sectioned sites at levels half a centimeter both proximal and distal to the site of transplant and section. ", "The results showed a variety of changes in each of the subunits depending on the group, the segment and the time of evaluation (acute versus chronic). ", "This could be closely related to mechanisms which participate in regeneration and functional recuperation." ]

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[ "As of about 1 p.m. Tuesday, an overwhelming 70.2 percent of respondents to our online poll agreed that Mayor Tyrone Williamson should face censure for statements he made in the wake of the 2007 firing of Morgan Barrett, the city's former Public Works director.", "\n\nWe thought a recap of just what those statements were - at least on our end - might be in order, given all the fuss. ", "So, to summarize:\n\nOn July 2, 2007, Williamson said, of Barrett, \"In moving forward, it's better to part ways. ", "In the past, he's been an asset to the city, and I know he'll do well for himself.\"", "\n\nThat same day, the city's human resources director, Christi Williams, said Barrett was not being accused of any criminal activity, and explained it was his \"retaliation\" to an investigation into alleged fuel thefts at the department that prompted his termination.", "\n\nWilliamson also said Barrett was fired in connection with the city's \"at will\" employment policy.", "\n\nAnd that's it.", "\n\nAny other information - suggestions signal improvement projects were not properly bid, that city-owned computers and software were used \"to prepare and store\" documents for a personal consulting business, that Barrett's computer contained \"inappropriate sexually oriented adult material\" - was garnered from outside sources, including police and auditors' reports, e-mails and court documents, all of which are protected by the state's Freedom of Information Act.", "\n\nIn our estimation, the statement Williams made about the firing being connected to \"retaliation\" was the only one that might reasonably be construed as inappropriate.", "\n\nOf greater concern to us is the provenance of the resolution circulated among city leaders in recent weeks - in advance of a council meeting, we might add - that Barrett's attorney, Timm Murdoch, at the very least gave to Alderman Phil Carruth to present, and may have himself written.", "\n\nThe same attorney who said last week a decision had not been made regarding whether Barrett would sue the city, saying, \"I'll let the city decide what they're going to do.\"", "\n\nOne can only wonder at what he meant by that.", "\n\nThen there's also the fact that Carruth has previously demonstrated his investment in Barrett's situation by walking out of a council meeting after alderman deadlocked on a vote to reinstate Barrett following his firing.", "\n\nIs censuring Williamson and Williams and issuing a formal apology to Barrett the right thing to do? ", "The answer may depend on what comments, if any, were lodged by the pair to other media outlets, although The Courier has independently confirmed at least one cited in the resolution, Little Rock's KARK, is unable to attribute information it broadcasted to any one party.", "\n\nIn the meantime, the parties dredging up this issue - again - seem to have quite a few dogs in the fight." ]

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[ "New champ Cody Garbrandt fires back at TJ Dillashaw\n\nLast Friday, in the co-main event of UFC 207, undefeated 25-year-old Cody Garbrandt delivered a shocking upset, capturing a unanimous decision over Dominick Cruz to win the UFC bantamweight crown. ", "As the new champion, Garbrandt must now set his sights on the many dangerous contenders in the bantamweight division – none of whom are more deserving of the next shot than his former training partner TJ Dillashaw." ]

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[ "The fact that the tax system needs to be revised, is logical. ", "The tax system must be stable, so that market actors can make long-term plans. ", "But it must also be in tune with changes in the economy. ", "Principal tax system changes must be done systematically. ", "I think that a number of Indrek Neivelt's tax change proposals are very constructive, others too ambitious.", "\n\nThe Health Insurance Fund currently receives the main slice of its income from the health insurance segment of the social tax [third out of the 33 percent social tax. ", "The remaining two third goes into pension pots], which amounts to a little under 900 million euros per year. ", "A huge compensation source must be found if we were to lower health insurance premiums by nearly half, as Neivelt suggests. ", "Increasing excise duties and implementing a sugar tax would not be enough. ", "Excise duties do not make up a large part of the budget. ", "Increasing duty on alcohol and tobacco quickly will lead to an increase in bootleg trade. ", "At the same time, a sugar tax is a very sensible idea.", "\n\nSalary increases have led to higher labor costs for businesses and they are hiring increasingly fewer staff. ", "Compared to many other nations, the lack of income tax on retained earnings has made life easier for our businesses. ", "At the same time, companies are weighed down by the burden of having to pay social tax. ", "Implementing income tax for businesses [on profits, not only dividends] would have to be compensated not only by decreasing health insurance payments, but other social taxes as well.", "\n\nThe current system of income tax exemptions has favored investments. ", "This motivates businesses to replace workers with robots and machines. ", "Foreign investments to Estonia and investments made by Estonian citizens far outstrip other Baltic nations, and the percent of investments in relation to GDP is higher. ", "Larger investments, especially into production equipment, help boost efficiency. ", "Eliminating tax on dividends, or taxing dividends with only the difference between legal and physical entity income tax rates would lead to more money being taken out of companies at the cost of more investments. ", "There are many businessmen and many specialties in Estonia where the majority of income comes from dividends.", "\n\nIf we want to decrease salary disparity, then Nordic nations have achieved this via a higher tax rate, which has been redistributed using a progressive income tax system. ", "But the question does not lie in the size of tax rates or how progressive they are, but in the redistribution of income from tax. ", "I agree that there is no point in taxing income which is subsidized anyway by the state. ", "Benefits geared towards low-salary employees, increasing the minimum wage and the tax-free minimum would work well to decrease wage disparity. ", "But theses methods should not be rushed. ", "The statement by the Estonian Institute of Economic Research that one in 10 people receive unrecorded salary, should be considered alongside the proposal to increase the tax-free minimum to 400 euros [current rate is 144 euros per month]. ", "This does not figure in official statistics, but increases the salary of many workers, who officially receive a low salary, changing the assessment of their earnings.", "\n\nThe original article in Estonian can be found here. ", "Tõnu Mertsina is the Chief Economist at Swedbank." ]

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[ "The Legend Of Zelda: Breath Of The Wild (Switch) – a world of adventure\n\nNintendo’s highly-anticipated new adventure is finally here, but is it reason alone to buy the new Switch console?", "\n\nOcarina Of Time may have been the best thing to ever happen to gaming, but it’s long seemed a curse to The Legend Of Zelda series. ", "Whereas the Super Mario games have happily reinvented themselves with each major sequel, Zelda has wilted under the shadow of what many still proclaim to be the best game ever made.", "\n\nGames review: 1-2-Switch isn’t quite the life of the party\n\nThat’s not to say many of the Zelda games released since haven’t been good, but they’ve struggled to either match Ocarina Of Time or find a way to reinvent its formula. ", "Breath Of The Wild does both.", "\n\n\n\nAlthough we still consider it the best of the post-N64 home console games, the reputation of 2011’s Skyward Sword has sunk considerably over the years – with fans, with critics, and seemingly with Nintendo themselves.", "\n\n\nBut its failings seem to be the driving force behind Breath Of The Wild’s changes, which is surprising considering both games share the same producer and director. ", "Where Skyward Sword was criticised for its poor pacing and restrictive environments, Breath Of The Wild luxuriates in one of the largest and most intricately detailed open world landscapes ever seen.", "\n\nAnd while Skyward Sword took painful long hours to get going, Breath Of The Wild has you out fending for yourself in mere minutes.", "\n\nAlthough it seems impossible that a modern title could take any useful inspiration from a 31-year-old NES game the influence of the original The Legend Of Zelda is surprisingly obvious, as you’re thrust out on your quest with the very minimum of instruction – free to go where you like, and defend against extremely dangerous enemies, from the very start.", "\n\nThe Zelda games have always resisted easy categorisation but Breath Of The Wild more so than ever. ", "It’s the closest the series has come to being a true role-playing game since Zelda II, but it also owes a strong influence to survival games.", "\n\nLink still doesn’t have any stats but his three-piece outfits do, and so do the weapons, armour, and shields he picks up. ", "The outfits can be upgraded but the equipment has an extremely short half-life before it breaks, and cannot be repaired.", "\n\nBreakable weapons are not usually a favourite mechanic of ours, but here it’s used much more effectively than usual – to emphasise Link’s vulnerability and to force experimentation with the vast array of equipment.", "\n\nFrom swords and two-handed spears to boomerangs that you have to catch and a variety of elemental wands, the range is hugely impressive and all handled by an elegantly simple control system.", "\n\nFundamentally it’s not very different to Ocarina Of Time, and still uses Z-targeting, but dodging or parrying at the right time opens up enemies to more powerful attacks, adding an extra layer of tactics. ", "Meanwhile, firing your bow requires considerable skill and judgement to get the arc of the arrow’s flight on target.", "\n\n\n\nWe found the latter surprising at first, but Breath Of The Wild features not just a robust physics engine but an unexpectedly realistic approach to most of its mechanics.", "\n\nClimbing becomes more difficult in the rain, and there are optional on-screen meters to measure both the temperature (you grow exhausted in the heat or freeze in the cold) and the amount of noise you’re making.", "\n\nEven the artificial intelligence is remarkably good, as monsters gang up and retreat when necessary, or know to pick up dropped weapons. ", "They’ll kick away unexploded bombs and throw explosive barrels – or even smaller monsters if they’re one of the bigger enemies.", "\n\nThe Legend Of Zelda: Breath Of The Wild (Switch) – you can own up to five horses at a time\n\nSet off a bomb in the water and fish will come flying out, while a magic ability lets you pick up metallic objects and throw them around like a wrecking ball. ", "You can create balloon bombs to send floating into an enemy camp, sneak in at night and steal their weapons so it doesn’t matter if they raise an alarm, or use the call for your horse to distract guards.", "\n\nEverything works as it should in the real world, from metal items conducting electricity (put your sword away in a thunderstorm!) ", "to the pull of gravity on every object, and all of this is used in both combat and pre-designed puzzles.", "\n\nBreath Of The Wild is not just different mechanically from previous games but structurally too. ", "There’s no preset path and the main thrust of your quest involves completing a task in each of the four corners of the map, which can be done in any order.", "\n\n\nYou’re not told what you have to do for each of them or even specifically where to go, and it’s so easy to get sidetracked with other things that it was over 20 hours before we even started to think about tackling one of them. ", "And that was us in a hurry to get this review done.", "\n\nThe main quest does involve a small number of what are essentially traditional Zelda style dungeons. ", "But they’re shorter than normal and, apart from boss battles, focused almost entirely on puzzle solving.", "\n\nThis is clearly to stop the problem in previous Zeldas where the overworld felt merely like an insubstantial interlude between each dungeon. ", "But it also gives the designers an excuse to up the difficulty and to add in 120 optional shrines.", "\n\nFinding a shrine creates a fast travel point but completing it rewards you with an item which can go toward increasing your maximum health or stamina.", "\n\nShrines vary considerably in difficulty and focus, with many different puzzle styles and some that are based around combat or platforming. ", "There’s always an extra chest with a valuable item too, for that extra challenge.", "\n\nThe other major gameplay element is the resource-gathering and crafting.", "\n\nThere are no hearts to restore your health and instead you have to collect plants and hunt animals (although the latter isn’t mandatory) to cook meals or potions that not only restore health but add buffs such as heat resistance or increased attack power.", "\n\nThis almost seems like a game in itself, as you collect the ingredients to make everything from a mushroom salad to a fruit loaf. ", "If you’re not interested then basic recipes take only seconds to make, but the whole feature is a useful way to unwind between quests and consider the strategy of your next move.", "\n\n\nAs usual in Zelda the story is very minimal. ", "But it begins with Link waking from a century-long sleep and takes a surprisingly maudlin tone during the occasional cut scenes.", "\n\nThe formal storytelling still only takes up a tiny percentage of the whole game, but for arguably the first time Link and Zelda are portrayed as real characters, even if the former remains entirely mute.", "\n\nMost of the dialogue is still plain text but the most important sequences do feature proper voiceovers. ", "The acting is not always great, but the mix of styles works well enough.", "\n\nThe Legend Of Zelda: Breath Of The Wild (Switch) – you can buy your own house in this village\n\nBy now we’ve outlined the basics of what Breath Of The Wild is and how it works, but we’ve still only scratched the surface of why we think it’s one of the best games ever made.", "\n\nTo put things dispassionately it’s the level of detail and flexibility the game world offers. ", "But the way that manifests is through the countless unforeseeable events and stories that lie around every corner. ", "From your first falling to star to spotting smoke signals in the distance and wondering who they’re from, the game has an almost infinite capacity to surprise and delight.", "\n\nBreath Of The Wild provides an endless stream of incidental moments that stick in the mind, like exchanging words with a desert-dwelling Gerudo woman as she runs through the rain looking for shelter, appalled at the unfamiliar climate of a forested area.", "\n\nOr stumbling across a party of horseback-riding monsters as they hunt, then stealing one of their horses, breaking it in and taking it back to a stable where you can examine its stats and name it if you decide to keep it.", "\n\nThe open world manages to seem like a vast sandbox and an intricately designed puzzle all at the same time. ", "There’s something new to see and do at almost every step and yet somehow the game is able to have its cake and eat it: giving the impression you’re exploring untouched wilderness, that no-one but you has ever laid eyes on, and yet also a landscape where every tree and boulder has been placed with the utmost care and forethought.", "\n\nNone of this should necessarily be seen as a validation of the Nintendo Switch though. ", "Breath Of The Wild was originally designed for the Wii U and the only difference between the two versions is slightly improved performance and resolution on the Switch.", "\n\nBreath Of The Wild can be a stunning-looking game at time, with some excellent lighting techniques, but it’s also filled with some very simple textures and geometry; which become more obvious the less vegetation there is around. ", "Although how much that is due to the Wii U origins is impossible to say at this point.", "\n\nThere are also some very minor frame rate issues, although our only real complaint about the graphics is the desaturated colour scheme. ", "The effect varies depending on the time of day and weather but at its worst it made us pine for the more sumptuous colours of Skyward Sword.", "\n\nAnd while some may be taken aback by the understated soundtrack, it sensibly keeps itself in check until moments of high tension and mixes perfectly with the ambient noises of the world around you.", "\n\nFinding fault with Breath Of The Wild is almost the hardest task in the whole game (almost, since it is surprisingly difficult and the game over screen will become a constant companion until you find your feet).", "\n\nThe new Zelda is an outstanding achievement in video game design, even by the standards of the franchise. ", "But the size and scope of the adventure, and the freedom you’re given to create your own stories and cherished memories, makes this the best Zelda there’s ever been.", "\n\nAnd that’s no small compliment, because that immediately confirms it as one of the best games ever made. ", "Only hindsight will be able to decide whether it’s literally the best, but this not only breathes new life into series, and Nintendo’s new console, but into future expectations for all video games to come.", "\n\nThe Legend Of Zelda: Breath Of The Wild In Short: The best Zelda there’s ever been, and very possibly the best video game ever made. ", "Pros: Incredible attention to detail and interactivity at every level, from the massive open world to the exciting combat, intricate puzzles, clever AI, and charming dialogue. ", "Cons: Desaturated colour scheme can spoil the look of the visuals. ", "You can’t rename Link. ", "Score: 10/10\n\nFormats: Nintendo Switch (reviewed) and Wii U\n\nPrice: £59.99\n\nPublisher: Nintendo\n\nDeveloper: Nintendo EPD\n\nRelease Date: 3rd March 2017\n\nAge Rating: 12\n\nEmail gamecentral@ukmetro.co.uk, leave a comment below, and follow us on Twitter" ]

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[ "Tutorials\n\nSingle Molecule Localization Microscopy\n\nNew Modality Offers Super-Resolution, 3D Multicolor Imaging\n\nFigure 1. ", "Principle of single molecule localization (SML) microscopy: Repeated localization of sparse subset of molecules over many acquisitions leads to enhanced resolution over the diffraction-limited widefield image. ", "The bottom left panel compares the 3D resolution obtained with confocal, SIM, STED, and the Vutara SML microscope.", "\n\nFluorescence light microscopy techniques offer several advantages when imaging biological samples, including high image contrast, good labeling specificity, multicolor, and three dimensional (3D) imaging, as well as the capability to image living specimens. ", "The primary disadvantage, however, has been the diffraction-limited 200 nm and 500 nm lateral and axial resolutions, respectively, obtainable due to the wave nature of light.", "\n\nImage resolution is defined as the smallest separation distance between two objects whereby they can be distinguished as being separate. ", "Electron microscopy (EM) has often been used to obtain resolutions beyond that obtained by light microscopy, down to the nanoscale; however, EM of living samples is not typically feasible, and 3D imaging is cumbersome. ", "The advent of super-resolution light microscopy techniques in the last decade has the capability to bridge the gap between traditional light microscopy and EM.", "\n\nSuper-resolution imaging can be broadly divided into three categories: point spread function engineering (used in stimulated emission depletion [STED] microscopy), structured illumination (SIM), and single molecule localization (SML). ", "The principle behind SML microscopy is illustrated in Figure 1. ", "The resolution limit in conventional light microscopy arises due to diffraction, thereby causing the point spread functions of nearby individual molecules to overlap, resulting in a “blurred” image.", "\n\nSML techniques utilize the principle of “localization” to obtain higher resolution. ", "It has been shown that one can infer the nanoscale position of a single, isolated molecule by computing the centroid of its point spread function. ", "Importantly, in order to obtain the higher resolution offered by localization, it is essential to have only a small subset of molecules visible at a time within the field of view.", "\n\nTo accomplish this, SML microscopy relies on the ability to convert nearly all molecules in the sample to a dark state with only a few molecules visible (active) at a time. ", "The positions of the visible molecules are subsequently determined by localization of the center of the molecules. ", "The activation and localization cycles are then repeated several thousands of times to obtain a higher resolution image of nearly every molecule in the sample.", "\n\nEach of these techniques is based on the principles outlined previously, but varies based on the fluorophores used and the protocol for obtaining sparse subsets of isolated molecules. ", "While SML may not be amenable to every available fluorophore, a variety of genetically encoded and exogenous dyes can be used; these include photoswitchable fluorescent proteins such as Dendra2 and mEos, and organic molecules such as Alexa Fluor and ATTO dyes to list a few.", "\n\nVutara’s flagship product, the Vutara SR-200 series SML 3D super-resolution microscope, is capable of achieving 20 nm lateral and 50 nm axial resolutions. ", "The 3D imaging is made possible by a patented biplane technology that is based on a modified detection path, which allows simultaneous detection from two axially separated image focal planes.", "\n\nThe focal planes are separated by ~500 nm, which enables 3D localization throughout a ~1 µm depth of field, all in a single acquisition.", "\n\nMultiple z-planes can be imaged by moving the objective focal position using a piezo actuator, thereby permitting the acquisition of super-resolution data many tens of microns away from the sample coverslip. ", "This offers an important distinction from evanescent-wave based imaging (such as TIRF- total internal reflection fluorescence), as it permits imaging away from the plasma membrane to allow investigations of cytoplasmic and even nuclear targets at the nanoscale.", "\n\nThe bottom left panel in Figure 1 compares the effective 3D resolution of the Vutara SR-200 against other imaging modalities. ", "Figure 2 shows an example of a two-color 3D image of microtubules and mitochondria in a BSC1 cell obtained using the Vutara microscope. ", "The Vutara SRX software enables real time localization and visualization during image acquisition, as well as the ability to modify illumination and activation laser intensities “on the fly”.", "\n\nFigure 3 illustrates the comparison between corresponding conventional widefield and super-resolution images. ", "It is clear that features in the cell that were previously blurred due to diffraction are now visible with the enhanced resolution. ", "The three-color super-resolution image shows a fixed BSC1 cell labeled with antibodies against α-tubulin (red), clathrin (blue), and mitochondrial TOM 20 (green). ", "Alexa 647 (α-tubulin), Alexa 568 (clathrin), and ATTO 488 (TOM 20) were imaged sequentially using a 60x/1.2 NA water objective.", "\n\nConclusion\n\nHistorically, there has been a fundamental mismatch between the optical diffraction limit and the scale at which biochemical processes operate within the cell. ", "Clearly, there is a need for higher resolution when addressing key biological problems. ", "Super-resolution microscopy offers a path toward narrowing that gap by enabling live specimen imaging at the nanoscale in multicolor and 3D (up to 100 µm deep from the coverslip) in a variety of biological systems.", "\n\nYeast, Drosophila, C. elegans, tissue sections, and cell culture systems have been successfully imaged on the Vutara microscope. ", "The advent of super-resolution microscopy has revolutionized the biological field by enabling higher-resolution clarity for imaging subcellular features. ", "Virology, molecular biology, neuroscience, and biophysics are a few of the scientific areas that have already benefitted from SML microscopy. ", "New discoveries await at the nanoscale.", "\n\nJobs\n\nGEN Jobs powered by HireLifeScience.com connects you directly to employers in pharma, biotech, and the life sciences. ", "View 40 to 50 fresh job postings daily or search for employment opportunities including those in R&D, clinical research, QA/QC, biomanufacturing, and regulatory affairs.", "\n\nGEN Poll\n\nSecure Science\n\nShould bans on science education, of the sort imposed on Iranians hoping to study physics and engineering in the United States, encompass other nationals and other fields of study, including biotechnology?", "\n\nNo. ", "Such bans could easily get out of control, preventing the sharing and growth of knowledge.", "\n\nYes. ", "The potential, for example, for the development of bioweapons if biotech information gets into the wrong hands must be minimized.", "\n\nNo. ", "Such bans could easily get out of control, preventing the sharing and growth of knowledge.", "\n\n57.3%\n\nYes. ", "The potential, for example, for the development of bioweapons if biotech information gets into the wrong hands must be minimized.", "\n\nIf you have any questions about your subscription, click\nhereto email us or call at (914) 740-2189.", "\n\nYou may also be interested in subscribing to the GEN magazine, an indispensable\nresource for everyone involved in the business of translating discoveries at the\nbench into solutions that fight disease and improve health, agriculture, and the\nenvironment. ", "Subscribe\ntoday to see why over 60,000 biotech professionals read GEN to\nkeep current in the areas of genomics, proteomics, drug discovery, biomarker discovery,\nbioprocessing, molecular diagnostics, collaborations, biotech business trends, and\nmore." ]

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[ "\n340 F.Supp. ", "492 (1972)\nIn re PUERTO RICO AIR DISASTER LITIGATION.", "\nMichael J. HUDACEK, Executor of the Estate of Joseph J. Hudacek a/k/a Joseph Hudacek, Deceased, Plaintiffs,\nv.\nPUERTO RICO INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES, INC., ", "et al., ", "Defendants.", "\nM.D.L. No. ", "47, Civ. ", "A. Nos. ", "70-57, 70-58, 70-61, 70-62, 70-76, 70-77 to 70-79.", "\nUnited States District Court, D. Puerto Rico.", "\nMarch 7, 1972.", "\n*493 *494 Arthur D. Dalessandro, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Falvello, Ustynoski, Giuliani & Bernstein, Hazelton, Pa., Michael J. Hudacek, Plymouth, Pa., for plaintiffs; Anthony C. Falvello, Joseph J. Ustynoski, Hazelton, Pa., of counsel.", "\nHaight, Gardner, Poor & Havens, New York City, for defendants; Walter E. Rutherford, Robert L. Alpert, New York City, of counsel.", "\nEDWARD WEINFELD, District Judge.", "\nPlaintiffs, in their representative capacities, commenced these wrongful death[1] and survival[2] actions to recover damages arising out of the deaths of their respective four decedents, who were killed on March 5, 1969, while passengers in an airplane which crashed in the El Junque mountain range in the vicinity of San Juan, Puerto Rico, enroute from the island of St. Thomas to San Juan. ", "The defendant, Puerto Rico International Airlines, Inc. (herein PRINAIR), a Puerto Rican corporation, was the owner and operator of the aircraft. ", "The decedents were residents of Pennsylvania, as are the plaintiff representatives, and the actions were commenced in the Middle District of Pennsylvania[3] on February 19, 1970, based upon federal diversity jurisdiction.", "\nSubsequently, on March 4, 1970, four additional actions were commenced, also in the Middle District of Pennsylvania, naming as additional defendants Great American Insurance Company and United States Aviation Underwriters, Inc. Thereafter, all eight actions were transferred to the District of Puerto Rico pursuant to the Multidistrict Litigation Act, 28 U.S.C., section 1407,[4] where plaintiffs also have pending four actions based upon the same claims as advanced in their Pennsylvania actions. ", "Following argument on a motion to dismiss the Pennsylvania actions on various grounds,[5] plaintiffs consented to the dismissal with prejudice as to Union,[6] Great American Insurance Company and the United States Aviation Underwriters, Inc. Thus, the sole remaining defendant is PRINAIR, which now moves to dismiss the Pennsylvania actions for lack of personal jurisdiction on the ground that it is a Puerto Rican corporation doing business exclusively there; that it is not registered to do *495 business in Pennsylvania and does no business there.", "\nSince federal jurisdiction is based upon diversity of citizenship, the law of Pennsylvania governs on the issue of \"doing business\" subject to federal constitutional limitations.[7] Those federal constitutional limitations require that before a state may subject a foreign corporation to its jurisdiction upon a claim arising out of the state, the corporation's activities within the state must be sufficient in amount and kind so that it is \"reasonable and just\" to require it to respond to the lawsuit there.[8] The plaintiffs have the burden of establishing the facts necessary to sustain their claim of jurisdiction,[9] and the issue must be decided within the framework of the particular facts of this case.", "\nPlaintiffs took extensive depositions of officers and directors of PRINAIR and Union, and these form a part of the record upon which plaintiffs seek to uphold, and the defendant resists, jurisdiction. ", "A careful study of the voluminous depositions demonstrates that the traditional indicia of \"doing business\" are absent; further, that the principal ground advanced to uphold jurisdiction, the so-called interline arrangements which PRINAIR has with other carriers and its advertising in trade magazines and periodicals, hereafter discussed, is insufficient to subject PRINAIR to in personam jurisdiction in Pennsylvania. ", "Tested under Pennsylvania's admittedly liberal foreign corporation jurisdiction law,[10] the facts here presented do not make PRINAIR amenable to its jurisdiction. ", "Section 1011, subd. ", "C of its Business Corporation Law[11] provides as follows:\n\"For the purposes of determining jurisdictions of courts within this Commonwealth, the doing by any corporation in this Commonwealth of a series of similar acts for the purpose of thereby realizing pecuniary benefit or otherwise accomplishing an object, or doing a single act in this Commonwealth for such purpose, with the intention of thereby initiating a series of such acts, shall constitute `doing business.' ", "For the purposes of this subsection the shipping of merchandise directly or indirectly into or through this Commonwealth shall be considered the doing of such an act in this Commonwealth.\"", "\nPRINAIR operates its planes between San Juan, Puerto Rico, and St. Thomas, St. Croix and other points in the Caribbean. ", "The evidence abundantly establishes that it maintains no office or other place of business, nor has it any office address or telephone listing, in Pennsylvania; that it has no bank account there; that it has not shipped merchandise directly or indirectly to or through the state, nor has it bought or sold merchandise there; that it owns or leases no property there; that it has flown no airplanes in the Commonwealth; that it maintains no facility for the sale of tickets there; that its employees have never solicited business or advertised in the state. ", "All of its activities, operational and executive, are carried on in and directed by its officers and personnel *496 from its San Juan, Puerto Rico office, where its financial and corporate records are maintained, as well as those documents required by governmental authorities; most of the meetings of its board of directors are held there and some are held in New York City.", "\nPlaintiffs' claim that PRINAIR's parent corporation, Union, a New Jersey corporation, with its principal place of business in Verona, Pennsylvania, is PRINAIR's alter ego is not borne out by the record. ", "On the contrary, PRINAIR, subsequent to the acquisition of 100% of its stock by Union Corporation in December 1969, nine months after the accident, continued to carry on its corporate functions, operating and executive, as it did prior thereto. ", "PRINAIR's corporate identity has been strictly preserved since it became Union's subsidiary; its activities and records and those of its parent are kept separate and distinct at all times. ", "Each maintains the integrity of its corporate existence separate and apart from the other. ", "In sum, there is \"rigorous adherence to the formalities customarily associated with separate corporations ....\"[12]\nThat Union is doing business and maintains its principal place of business in Pennsylvania does not subject a subsidiary to Pennsylvania jurisdiction so long as it is maintained as a separate and independent unit from Union.[13] Nor is the fact that a number of directors and officers are the same for parent and the subsidiary in and of itself sufficient to subject the non-resident subsidiary to jurisdiction, absent a showing that the parent is the subsidiary's alter ego.[14]\nPlaintiffs, however, contend that certain acts performed at Union's office in Verona, Pennsylvania on behalf of PRINAIR satisfy the test of doing business under Pennsylvania law. ", "The Verona office is the center at which reports of Union's approximately twenty-six subsidiaries are received and considered by its executives. ", "That Bernard Sabel, a vice president of PRINAIR and also a director of Union, resides in Pittsburgh, works there as well as at Verona, and receives a salary from PRINAIR for \"tak[ing] part in [its] general overall management,\" does not establish that it is doing business in Pennsylvania absent a showing that he performed substantial services for PRINAIR there, and no such showing has been made. ", "The services performed were on behalf of the parent corporation. ", "And so, too, that John Moeller, executive vice president and a director of the parent corporation, whose services for it are performed by him at Verona, was elected a non-salaried vice president of PRINAIR, when in December 1969 Union acquired all the stock of PRINAIR, does not by itself subject PRINAIR to Pennsylvania jurisdiction. ", "His duties there are exclusively performed on behalf of Union. ", "In his capacity as its executive vice president and director, he reviews the financial reports of the various subsidiaries, including PRINAIR, generally oversees their operation, coordinates their functional requirements so that they fit in with the total picture and capabilities of Union in giving direction to its subsidiaries. ", "In carrying out the overall policy of Union, he, as well as the parent's *497 other officers, are acting for the parent and not for the subsidiary, which has its own directors and officers.[15] That the parent exercised dominion over PRINAIR by reason of its 100% stock ownership does not mean that PRINAIR was doing business in Pennsylvania.[16]\nPerhaps recognizing that they have failed to establish the traditional indicia of doing business, plaintiffs' principal reliance is upon PRINAIR's \"interline\" arrangements with other airlines and advertisements by PRINAIR in certain travel magazines. ", "PRINAIR advertises the availability of its services in \"Travel Trade,\" \"Travel Age,\" \"East Travel Age,\" and \"West Travel Age,\" which are trade publications. ", "The advertisements are placed by PRINAIR with the magazine publisher in New York and a New York address and phone number are listed for it. ", "The magazines are distributed to travel agents throughout the United States and presumably in Pennsylvania. ", "Assuming arguendo that this may be considered solicitation of business, it is clear that, without more, it does not constitute doing business under Pennsylvania law.[17] Plaintiffs contend there is more based upon certain arrangements with other carriers.", "\nPRINAIR does not sell tickets in any state of the United States; all its tickets are sold in Puerto Rico. ", "However, a passenger in the United States may book a flight on PRINAIR through originating carriers who do not have routes to points in the Caribbean serviced by PRINAIR. ", "Such a flight, referred to as an interline passage, is arranged under an agreement between PRINAIR and an originating carrier. ", "A copy of the agreement was not produced, but according to the deposition testimony, the procedure operates generally in this manner: presently, three carriers, Eastern, Pan American and American Airlines, originate flights from New York or other points in the United States to San Juan, Puerto Rico, but are not licensed to fly from there to points beyond, such as St. Thomas or St. Croix, serviced by PRINAIR from San Juan.", "\nThe plaintiffs' decedents here purchased PRINAIR tickets through a travel agent in San Juan for the trip to and from San Juan to St. Thomas. ", "However, a passenger in the United States who wishes to go to St. Thomas may purchase his through flight ticket in the United States. ", "His originating carrier, whether Eastern, Pan American or American, will sell the passenger a through ticket — that is, a ticket to San Juan, the initiating carrier's terminal point, with a coupon for the trip from there to St. Thomas on the PRINAIR line. ", "The originating carrier, prior to the issuance of its ticket for the entire trip, verifies with PRINAIR that space is available for the continued trip from San Juan to St. Thomas. ", "The passenger pays the full fare to the originating carrier, including the portion of the trip from San Juan to St. Thomas, and the through ticket is issued in its name. ", "PRINAIR picks up the coupon covering its flight from the passenger, and, after accumulating all such coupons during a month, bills the originating carrier for the total fares due it, less a seven per cent commission. ", "Such an interline passage may also be effected by a passenger through his travel agent, *498 whether located in Pennsylvania or any other state. ", "However, the travel agent's dealings are with the originating carrier; he has no contact with PRINAIR. ", "Finally, PRINAIR has no arrangement or agreement with any travel agent in Pennsylvania to act for it in the sale of tickets.", "\nThe interline tickets sold by originating carriers account on an annual basis for forty to fifty per cent of PRINAIR's sales, which include sales not only in the United States, but all over the world. ", "The record does not reveal what percentage, if any, of the interline ticket sales originated in Pennsylvania. ", "However, it is likely that some Pennsylvania residents, through travel agents in Pennsylvania, have booked interline passage on PRINAIR flights through originating carriers, and that this may have been the result of advertising material received by such travel agents. ", "It should be noted that all the magazine advertising offered in evidence covered the period of only October and November 1971, two and a half years after the occurrence which gave rise to these suits — and not quite two years after the initial service of process. ", "The relevance of this evidence is questionable,[18] since a claim of jurisdiction on the basis of doing business under Pennsylvania law refers to such activity at the time of service of such process.[19]\nIn any event, the issue remains whether, absent any other activity within the Commonwealth by PRINAIR, its interline arrangement with the named carriers is sufficient to subject PRINAIR to in personam jurisdiction upon a claim for the death of a Pennsylvania citizen occurring outside the state. ", "Counsel agree that Pennsylvania's highest court has not ruled upon the issue. ", "Accordingly, this court is called upon to decide whether the Pennsylvania courts, in the light of its statute and judicial determinations thereunder, would hold PRINAIR subject to its jurisdiction[20] and, if so, whether it accords with federal constitutional restrictions to be decided by federal standards.[21] At the outset, it is recognized that Pennsylvania does have an interest in the protection of its citizens, but the accident here had no relation to any contact by PRINAIR with the state. ", "As already stated, the tickets used by the decedents for passage on the trip were purchased in San Juan. ", "The argument for jurisdiction comes down, therefore, to the contention *499 that the activities of the originating carriers in Pennsylvania under the interline agreement and the distribution of PRINAIR's advertising material are sufficient to establish PRINAIR's \"entry\" or \"presence\" in Pennsylvania for jurisdictional purposes[22] even in the absence of evidence that in fact any interline ticket providing for passage on a PRINAIR flight has ever been sold in Pennsylvania. ", "The most that has been established, as already referred to, is that it is \"likely\" this occurred.", "\nEven accepting that it is \"the public policy of Pennsylvania ... to extend in personam jurisdiction to the full measure consistent with due process,\"[23] no state authorities appear to support plaintiffs' position that upon the facts here presented Pennsylvania courts would hold that PRINAIR is subject to its jurisdiction. ", "The cases relied upon by plaintiffs are readily distinguishable upon their facts. ", "In S. M. Stein Enterprises, Inc. v. Irish International Air Lines,[24] the defendant maintained its own sales office in Philadelphia. ", "In Giuliano v. Alitalia Airlines, Inc.,[25] the defendant operated two sales offices in Philadelphia, employed eleven persons, and in addition there were about 120 travel agents in Pennsylvania authorized to sell its tickets; it collected one million dollars in revenue in one year; further, it operated its aircraft in Pennsylvania at least five times, and on one occasion a jet landed at the Philadelphia International Airport. ", "In Triangle Publications, Inc. v. Standard Plastic Products, Inc.,[26] the defendant's sales director entered the state to solicit business; shipments of defendant's products in excess of $1,250,000 over a three-year period were made to Pennsylvania customers, and the merchandise claimed to infringe plaintiff's trademark was shipped to Pennsylvania customers. ", "Similarly, the other cases[27] relied upon by plaintiffs bear no factual resemblance to the instant case.", "\nOn the other hand, in cases where the facts more closely parallel those of the instant case, courts construing Pennsylvania law have disclaimed jurisdiction. ", "Thus, in Optico Corp. v. Standard Tool Co.,[28] defendant, a Massachusetts corporation which maintained no Pennsylvania business location, no Pennsylvania bank account, mailing address or telephone listing, was held not to be \"doing business,\" although it advertised in nationally circulated publications and derived some 7.5% of its sales, totalling $150,000, from Pennsylvania customers through Pennsylvania sales representatives who acted as independent contractors and were paid a commission only on *500 sales approved at the Massachusetts office. ", "The facts there presented in support of jurisdiction, which included visits to defendant's customers in Pennsylvania by its officers and employees, were much stronger than those here advanced.[29]\nSimilarly, in Strauss v. Delta Air Lines, Inc.,[30] a defendant was held not to be doing business such as to subject it to jurisdiction on a cause of action arising out of activities unrelated to those conducted by defendant within the Commonwealth, despite the fact that over a two-year period it stationed a number of employees in the state, expended over $2,000,000 for advertising in publications that were circulated in Pennsylvania, purchased over $5,000,000 worth of products there, maintained a balance of between $100,000 and $3,500,000 in a Pittsburgh bank and sent its officers into the state for brief periods in connection with the securing and processing of loans.", "\nA review of recent Pennsylvania cases after the latest amendment to its foreign corporation law indicates that \"[d]espite the tendency to liberalize State authority over the activities of a foreign corporation,\"[31] the courts have not extended jurisdiction over such corporations to the full limit of constitutional latitude under the due process clause. ", "Rather, they have held corporations subject to in personam jurisdiction where its employees or agents within the state acted on behalf of the corporation;[32] they have denied jurisdiction where an independent contractor within the state performed acts for the benefit of the corporation, but otherwise was not present therein.[33]\nThe state's position is set forth by its highest court in Myers v. Mooney Aircraft, Inc.:[34]\n\"In Miller v. Kiamesha-Concord, Inc., 420 Pa. 604, 218 A.2d 309 (1966) we met `head on' Section 1011, subd. ", "C (as amended). ", "In Miller, the foreign corporation's sole contact with Pennsylvania consisted of a person who maintained an office in her own home, encouraged travel agencies to recommend to potential customers the foreign corporation's out-of-Pennsylvania hotel, received reservation applications which she transmitted for acceptance or rejection to the out-of-Pennsylvania hotel, was paid on a commission basis for reservations she directly secured and an `over-ride' on commissions paid to travel agencies for reservations secured by them in the Philadelphia area. ", "While it did appear that the name of the foreign corporation was listed in the Philadelphia telephone directory for which listing the foreign corporation did not pay, that the foreign corporation supplied various correspondence forms and advertising literature, nevertheless, we held that the foreign corporation was represented in Pennsylvania only by an independent contractor and that it was not `doing business' in the State....\"\nUnder the facts here presented, in the absence of any contact with a travel agent within Pennsylvania, the most that can be said is that the originating carrier was an independent contractor, and under Pennsylvania law its actions in issuing an interline ticket good on a PRINAIR flight after confirming the availability of space thereon, even if performed *501 within the state, did not subject PRINAIR to Pennsylvania jurisdiction. ", "To require PRINAIR to respond to suit, and upon such ephemeral contact, would raise substantial constitutional questions,[35] not only of due process,[36] but also under the commerce clause.[37] To permit Pennsylvania, upon the fact of the interline arrangement, to exert its judicial power and subject PRINAIR to its jurisdiction, in effect means that it is subject to jurisdiction in every state of the Union where similar interline arrangements exist. ", "Mr. Justice Brandeis, more than fifty years ago, observed that \"[o]bviously the sale by a local carrier of through tickets does not involve a doing of business within the state by each of the connecting carriers. ", "If it did, nearly every railroad company in the country would be `doing business' in every state ....\"[38] This observation is still appropriate, even recognizing the expanded concept of due process as applied to in personam jurisdiction over foreign corporations or nonresidents.[39] It may be noted that it is those airlines whose resources are too limited to permit them to maintain their own ticket sales offices throughout the nation that would be most burdened were it to be held that an airline is \"present\" in a state for jurisdictional purposes wherever any other airline, with which the first has an interline arrangement, maintained such an office. ", "The admonition of Chief Justice Warren in Hanson v. Denckla is pertinent:[40]\n\"But it is a mistake to assume that this trend heralds the eventual demise of all restrictions on the personal jurisdiction of state courts.... Those restrictions are more than a guarantee of immunity from inconvenient or distant litigation. ", "They are a consequence of territorial limitations on the power of the respective States. ", "However minimal the burden of defending in a foreign tribunal, a defendant may not be called upon to do so unless he has had the `minimal contacts' with that State that are a pre-requisite to its exercise of power over him.\" [", "citations omitted]\nUnder all the circumstances herein presented, the defendant's motion to dismiss the actions for lack of in personam jurisdiction is granted. ", "This disposition makes it unnecessary to consider PRINAIR's alternative motion to dismiss for lack of timely service of process.", "\nNOTES\n[1] Pa.Stat.", "Ann. ", "tit. ", "12, §§ 1602-04 (1953).", "\n[2] Pa.Stat.", "Ann. ", "tit. ", "20, §§ 320.601-03 (1953).", "\n[3] Also named as a defendant was The Union Corporation (Union) which, in December 1969, acquired all the capital stock of PRINAIR, which then became a wholly owned subsidiary of Union. ", "Another defendant was PRINAIR, Inc., not to be confused with Puerto Rico International Airlines, Inc. (herein PRINAIR). ", "PRINAIR, Inc., was incorporated at the instance of The Union Corporation as a shell to protect the name when Union acquired the capital stock of the operating company.", "\n[4] In re San Juan, Puerto Rico Air Crash Disaster, 316 F.Supp. ", "981 (J.P.M.L. 1970).", "\n[5] After the defendant challenged service of process, the plaintiffs, in an effort to cure the alleged initial improper service, served process anew on an officer of PRINAIR in Pennsylvania on August 30, 1971. ", "This service is the subject of an alternative motion to dismiss for lack of timeliness.", "\n[6] Supra n. 3.", "\n[7] Arrowsmith v. United Press Int'l, 320 F.2d 219, 223 (2d Cir. ", "1963); Florio v. Powder Power Tool Corp., 248 F.2d 367 (3d Cir. ", "1957); Partin v. Michaels Art Bronze Co., 202 F.2d 541 (3d Cir. ", "1953); Nelson v. Doll Furniture Co., 304 F. Supp. ", "159 (E.D.Pa.1969); Optico Corp. v. Standard Tool Co., 285 F.Supp. ", "46 (E.D.Pa.1968).", "\n[8] Perkins v. Benguet Consol. ", "Mining Co., 342 U.S. 437, 445, 72 S.Ct. ", "413, 96 L.Ed. ", "485 (1952).", "\n[9] Cf. ", "KVOS, Inc. v. Associated Press, 299 U.S. 269, 278, 57 S.Ct. ", "197, 81 L.Ed. ", "183 (1936); McNutt v. General Motors Acceptance Corp., 298 U.S. 178, 189, 56 S.Ct. ", "780, 80 L.Ed. ", "1135 (1936); Wade v. Rogala, 270 F.2d 280, 284 (3d Cir. ", "1959).", "\n[10] See Florio v. Powder Power Tool Corp., 248 F.2d 367, 371 (3d Cir. ", "1957); Sunbury Wire Rope Mfg. ", "Co. v. United States Steel Corp., 230 F.2d 511 (3d Cir. ", "1956). ", "But see Meench v. Raymond Corp., 283 F.Supp. ", "68, 72 (E.D.Pa.1968).", "\n[11] Pa.Stat.", "Ann. ", "tit. ", "15, § 2011, subd. ", "C, as amended (Supp.1971).", "\n[12] Scalise v. Beech Aircraft Corp., 276 F. Supp. ", "58, 62 (E.D.Pa.1967); cf. ", "Cannon Mfg. ", "Co. v. Cudahay Packing Co., 267 U.S. 333, 45 S.Ct. ", "250, 69 L.Ed. ", "634 (1925).", "\n[13] See Jacobs v. McCloskey & Co., 40 F.R. D. 486 (E.D.Pa.1966); Fitzgerald v. Hilton Hotels Corp., 183 F.Supp. ", "342 (E.D.Pa.1960); cf. ", "Botwinick v. Credit Exchange, Inc., 419 Pa. 65, 213 A.2d 349 (1965).", "\n[14] Cf. ", "Smeltzer v. Deere & Co., 252 F. Supp. ", "552 (W.D.Pa.1966); Electrosonics Int'l Inc. v. Wurlitzer Co., 234 F.Supp. ", "913 (E.D.Pa.1964); Botwinick v. Credit Exchange, Inc., 419 Pa. 65, 213 A.2d 349, 353-354 (1965); Williams v. Rose, 403 Pa. 619, 170 A.2d 577 (1961); Lit v. Storer Broadcasting Co., 217 Pa.Super. ", "186, 269 A.2d 393 (1970).", "\n[15] Cf. ", "Compania Mexicana Refinadora Island, S. A. v. Compania Metropolitana De Oleoductos, S. A., 250 N.Y. 203, 164 N.E. 907 (1928). ", "See also Cannon Mfg. ", "Co. v. Cudahay Packing Co., 267 U.S. 333, 336, 45 S.Ct. ", "250, 69 L.Ed. ", "634 (1925); Blount v. Peerless Chemicals (P.R.) Inc., 316 F.2d 695, 699 (2d Cir.), ", "cert. ", "denied, 375 U.S. 831, 84 S.Ct. ", "76, 11 L.Ed.2d 62 (1963); Echeverry v. Kellogg Switchboard & Supply Co., 175 F.2d 900, 903 (2d Cir. ", "1949); Steiner v. Dauphin Corp., 208 F.Supp. ", "104 (E.D.Pa.1962).", "\n[16] See Botwinick v. Credit Exchange, Inc., 419 Pa. 65, 213 A.2d 349 (1965); Lit v. Storer Broadcasting Co., 217 Pa.Super. ", "186, 269 A.2d 393 (1970).", "\n[17] See Henson v. Fred Harvey, Inc., 308 F.Supp. ", "218 (E.D.Pa.1970); Lutz v. Foster & Kester Co., 367 Pa. 125, 79 A. 2d 222 (1951); cf. ", "Business Tax Bureau v. American Cyanamid Co., 426 Pa. 69, 231 A.2d 116, 119 (1967); Alan Wood Steel Co. v. School Dist., ", "425 Pa. 455, 229 A.2d 881, 886 (1967).", "\n[18] A loan obtained by PRINAIR from a Maryland corporation late in July 1971, a portion of the funds of which was deposited for several days in a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania bank, is also without relevance. ", "This deposit occurred almost 2½ years after suit was initially commenced, and in any event does not constitute doing business. ", "Cf. ", "Strauss v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., 207 F.Supp. ", "120 (E.D.Pa. ", "1962). ", "So, too, that following the argument of this motion, the Wall Street Journal, on December 10, 1971, carried an advertisement of PRINAIR pertaining to its prospectus for the sale of 270,000 shares of common stock, which included the statement \"copies of the prospectus may be obtained in any state from such of the several underwriters as may lawfully offer these securities in such a state\" is without relevance on the issues here presented.", "\n[19] See Benn v. Linden Crane Co., 326 F. Supp. ", "995, 997 (E.D.Pa.1971); Henson v. Fred Harvey, Inc., 308 F.Supp. ", "218, 219 (E.D.Pa.1970); Optico Corp. v. Standard Tool Co., 285 F.Supp. ", "46, 48 (E.D.Pa.1968). ", "See also Giuliano v. Alitalia Airlines, Inc., 218 F.Supp. ", "78 (E.D.Pa.1963). ", "Some decisions indicate that the requisites of jurisdiction are determined as of the time of the commencement of the action, which in some states, as under Rule 3 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, occurs upon the filing of the complaint, usually earlier than the date of service of process. ", "See Robert Mitchell Furniture Co. v. Selden Breck Const. ", "Co., 257 U.S. 213, 42 S.Ct. ", "84, 66 L.Ed. ", "201 (1921); Herpst v. S.B.I. Liquidating Corp., 279 F.Supp. ", "928 (E.D. Pa.1968); Proler Steel Corp. v. Luria Bros. & Co., 225 F.Supp. ", "412 (S.D.Tex. ", "1964); cf. ", "Anderson v. Southern Bell Tel. & ", "Tel. ", "Co., 209 F.Supp. ", "921, 923 (M.D.Ga.1962).", "\n[20] See Partin v. Michaels Art Bronze Co., 202 F.2d 541, 542 (3d Cir. ", "1953).", "\n[21] See Arrowsmith v. United Press Int'l, 320 F.2d 219, 223 (2d Cir. ", "1963).", "\n[22] Apparently only one court, construing Illinois law, has held that an interline arrangement by itself is sufficient to create jurisdiction. ", "Benjamin v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., Docket No. ", "70 C 2004 (N.D.Ill. ", "Sept. 10, 1971). ", "It is not, of course, controlling here and this court does not find that Pennsylvania law leads to a similar result. ", "Another court discussed an interline agreement in a jurisdictional context but found it unnecessary to base its conclusion on that factor, in whole or in part. ", "Ciprari v. Servicos Aeros Cruzeiro do Sul, S. A. (Cruzeiro), 232 F.Supp. ", "433 (S.D.N.Y.1964). ", "See also Lawson v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 30 Misc.2d 274, 216 N.Y. S.2d 549 (Sup.", "Ct.1961). ", "Interline agreements have been considered in other contexts. ", "See, e. g., Eck v. United Arab Airlines, Inc., 360 F.2d 804 (2d Cir. ", "1966) (office of an originating carrier is a \"place of business\" under the venue provision of the Warsaw Convention); McManus v. Capital Airlines, Inc., 166 F. Supp. ", "301 (E.D.N.Y.1958) (sale of tickets under interline agreement not \"doing business\" under venue provision of the Clayton Act).", "\n[23] Scafati v. Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 53 F.R.D. 256 (W.D.Pa.1971). ", "See also Benn v. Linden Crane Co., 326 F. Supp. ", "995 (E.D.Pa.1971). ", "But see Meench v. Raymond Corp., 283 F.Supp. ", "68, 72 (E.D.Pa.1968).", "\n[24] 236 F.Supp. ", "71 (E.D.Pa.1964).", "\n[25] 218 F.Supp. ", "78 (E.D.Pa.1963).", "\n[26] 241 F.Supp. ", "611 (E.D.Pa.1965).", "\n[27] Sampson-Miller Associated Cos. ", "v. Washington Homes, Inc., 303 F.Supp. ", "739 (W.D.Pa.1969); Kelly v. United States Steel Corp., 198 F.Supp. ", "640 (W.D.Pa. ", "1960); Miller v. Tulsa Petroleum Co., 117 F.Supp. ", "359 (M.D.Pa.1953).", "\n[28] 285 F.Supp. ", "46, 47 (E.D.Pa.1968).", "\n[29] A different result under the facts of that case would apparently be required under the 1968 amendment to the Pennsylvania statute providing that \"the shipping of merchandise ... into ... [Pennsylvania] shall be considered [doing business].\" ", "Pa.Stat.", "Ann. ", "tit. ", "15, § 2011, subd. ", "C, as amended (Supp.1971). ", "In the instant case no shipment of goods is involved.", "\n[30] 207 F.Supp. ", "120 (E.D.Pa.1962).", "\n[31] Di Lido Hotel v. Nettis, 215 Pa.Super. ", "284, 257 A.2d 643, 648 (1969).", "\n[32] See, e. g., Myers v. Mooney Aircraft, Inc., 429 Pa. 177, 240 A.2d 505 (1967); Goldstein v. Carillon Hotel, 424 Pa. 337, 227 A.2d 646 (1967).", "\n[33] See, e. g., Wenzel v. Morris Distrib. ", "Co., 439 Pa. 364, 266 A.2d 662 (1970); Miller v. Kiamesha-Concord, Inc., 420 Pa. 604, 218 A.2d 309 (1966).", "\n[34] 429 Pa. 177, 240 A.2d 505, 511 (1967).", "\n[35] Hanson v. Denckla, 357 U.S. 235, 78 S.Ct. ", "1228, 2 L.Ed.2d 1283 (1958); McGee v. International Life Ins. ", "Co., 355 U.S. 220, 78 S.Ct. ", "199, 2 L.Ed.2d 223 (1957); Perkins v. Benguet Consol. ", "Mining Co., 342 U.S. 437, 72 S.Ct. ", "413, 96 L.Ed. ", "485 (1952); International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 66 S. Ct. ", "154, 90 L.Ed. ", "95 (1945).", "\n[36] In the absence of clear indication from the Pennsylvania courts that they would regard activity such as that of PRINAIR as \"doing business\" in the state, this court should avoid that construction of the Pennsylvania statute. ", "See Aquascutum of London, Inc. v. S. S. American Champion, 426 F.2d 205, 211-212 (2d Cir. ", "1970).", "\n[37] See Scanapico v. Richmond, F. & P. R. R., 439 F.2d 17, 25-26 (2d Cir. ", "1970) (reconsideration en banc) and cases cited therein.", "\n[38] Philadelphia & Reading Ry. ", "v. McKibbin, 243 U.S. 264, 268, 37 S.Ct. ", "280, 281, 61 L.Ed. ", "710 (1917).", "\n[39] See Hanson v. Denckla, 357 U.S. 235, 78 S.Ct. ", "1228, 2 L.Ed.2d 1283 (1958); McGee v. International Life Ins. ", "Co., 355 U.S. 220, 78 S.Ct. ", "199, 2 L.Ed.2d 223 (1957).", "\n[40] 357 U.S. 235, 251, 78 S.Ct. ", "1228, 1238, 2 L.Ed.2d 1283 (1958).", "\n" ]

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[ "He added, \"While no organization is proud of errors, we do appreciate the attorney bringing this to our attention. ", "Optimum service to our citizens is not an option; therefore, we have quickly rectified this matter and we remain committed to exceeding minimum standards set by policing guidelines.\"" ]

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[ "2/20/12\n\nI've been reading a lot of airy banter on how aspiring perfumistas should quit trying to foist uninformed opinions on others and heed the extensive expertise of \"senior\" fragrance aficionados, those who know far more than \"newbies\" could ever deign to. ", "The supposition here is that there is a sphere of knowledge within which fragrance-loving entities circulate, with the ignorant wooshing around the outer rim, and the enlightened hugging the nucleus of . . . ", "what? ", "A philosophical embrace of the metaphysical? ", "An intellectual framework from which creative impulse is drawn? ", "The perfume equivalent of Tachisme?", "\n\nThis sort of attitude presupposes that perfumery is something one can be an \"expert\" in. ", "Naturally expertise applies to perfumery, as it takes an expert of sorts to create a fragrance, and another expert to market it. ", "But I ask you, as a casual appreciator of all things fragrance, can someone removed from the profession of perfumery ever truly be an expert in perfume? ", "If so, to what can we compare this lofty status? ", "Or, to put it more concisely, what is the standard for being a \"senior\" fragrance connoisseur?", "\n\nThere are several avenues to explore, so let's see if we reach a satisfactory answer at the end of one of them.", "\n\nTo be an expert in perfume, but not directly involved in professional perfume-making, one should be compared to an expert in fine art, someone known as an art historian. ", "Such historians study not just the images produced by artists, but the philosophical engines of thought that drive artistic movements throughout periods of human history. ", "Art historians are usually not artists themselves, but their understanding of art transcends the act of art making because they analyze, contextualize, and understand the fundamental process behind a finished artwork. ", "To an art expert, a Pollock is not just a painting; a drip canvas holds the invisible tension of visible poles, acts as a beacon for automatism, relies on primitive imagery to supply a modern take on the limitations of humanity, and the fatalistic hand of the divine, without representational trappings. ", "The hoi polloi of gallery-goers sees it and says, \"I could do that.\" ", "This distances them from actually being capable of painting like Pollock, simply because they cannot emulate what they don't understand. ", "They lack the understanding, and are that much further removed from having any expertise on the subject. ", "Conversely, a person who studies primitive images, and has conscious theological considerations of himself as he relates to the universe, is much closer to grasping the fundamentals necessary for recreating something like a Pollock painting. ", "An understanding of the Big Ideas that fueled Pollock's creativity can help immensely in replicating his visual language on a layman's scale.", "\n\nCan this apply to perfume connoisseurs? ", "Let's take Pierre Bourdon's famous skankfest, Kouros. ", "First, a basic understanding of what Kouros is: a musky fougère with a noticeable (and intentional) tension between its bracingly clean citrus and floral heart, and its dirtier, civet-laden underpinnings. ", "Smelling Kouros is an exercise in free association - one generally thinks of air fresheners, toilet pucks, urine, raw incense, and mentholated clove. ", "From there, the imagery can be further contextualized. ", "I've often read that Kouros is evocative of a sex-tussled bed, or a shower-steamed locker room. ", "For me, it invites memories of sun-baked avenues in an Italian village. ", "It's amazing how easy it is to extract personal associations from Kouros. ", "It's also interesting how easy it is to agree with the millions who think Kouros smells \"dirty.\" ", "Kouros is at once a very literal and subjective experience.", "\n\nAt first glance, one could say that one's Kouros experience correlates with one's Pollock experience. ", "There is the sensory comprehension necessary to fully appreciate what one is experiencing (Kouros' olfactory structure/Pollock's drips and color choices), combined with more tangentially subjective musings about how the experience relates to one's own life. ", "There are the less-informed who view a Pollock and cluck their tongues, thinking it is simplistic crap, and the more-informed who are transported to the Depression era and consider the raw and unprecedented randomness of an avant-garde style. ", "There are the less-informed who smell Kouros, wrinkle their noses, and proclaim \"this smells like piss,\" and the more-informed who sigh in rapture as their imaginations are flooded with all sorts of good things. ", "Those who thoroughly understand Pollock's genius can still hate his work, while those who suddenly made the leap from a steady diet of comic books to the elevated abstraction of drip paintings can be endlessly inspired. ", "Likewise, those who understand what Bourdon has achieved can still suffer bouts of Kouros-induced nausea, while those who know nothing about it can love it unconditionally. ", "The same response mechanisms apply.", "\n\nBut there is one key difference between the intellectualism of Pollock's work, and the intellectualism of Bourdon's - that of artistic motivation. ", "Motivation, as they say, makes the man. ", "So the question now becomes, is Pollock's creative drive comparable to Bourdon's? ", "Are these men operating on the same hemisphere of thought? ", "And does it even matter?", "\n\nTo answer this, we must look carefully at the cultural context in which the respective creations of these men have been placed. ", "Jackson Pollock's work fits neatly into the academic world of Abstract Expressionism, a higher plane of modern painting and sculpture that spanned a generation and brought us thousands of masterpieces. ", "His work is art, and is defined as such.", "\n\nBourdon' work, on the other hand, is a product, and is essentially a chemical construction. ", "However, his role is multifaceted, and doesn't abruptly stop at these definitions. ", "In creating Kouros and many other perfumes, Bourdon has done two things, (1) fulfilled an assigned brief, and (2) tapped into a current fashion trend. ", "His work, while often culturally significant, is not recognized as being artistically significant by scholars, or the masses. ", "It is recognized as being fashionably significant. ", "Kouros helped to illuminate a revival in the late 1970s and early 1980s of sweet musks for men, which were the mode for adult males during the 1950s. ", "Bourdon then helped redefine this trend toward fresh (read: less musky) fougères with his biggest and furthest-reaching commercial achievement, Cool Water.", "\n\nA surprising realization is made - the work of these two men inhabits two entirely different worlds.", "\n\nIn investigating his body of work, it becomes clear that Bourdon, like all perfumers, has never achieved an intellectual, emotional, or theological expression through scent. ", "He has achieved accords that are reminiscent of theological environments - the incense in Kouros, for example. ", "I have heard people comment that Cool Water smells like Holy Water, which is a strange consideration, but could have something to it. ", "However, these are subjective projections based on free association. ", "There is no philosophical anchor to which an intellectual can chain these associations, and therefore not enough material with which to flesh out Bourdon's personal motivations in creating his scents. ", "Furthermore, there is a conflict of interest in Bourdon's creative process that never existed in Pollock's - the perfumer's brief. ", "Pollock was largely self-motivated, with guidance from Clement Greenberg and other colleagues. ", "Bourdon, however, is motivated to fulfill a brief, with restrictions on expression, and the materials for expression, as dictated by a business entity. ", "Bourdon's process is the gestation of personal skill and public mission; Pollock's was the release of inner mental, physical, and spiritual tension. ", "One is flat; one is multidimensional in scope.", "\n\nThematically, Pollock deals with Big Ideas, which are necessary for great art. ", "Life, death, god, the abyss, the electrical tension of existing in an organized void, all are manifest in his work. ", "These themes are stated. ", "Pollock himself describes the act of integrating with his art, of standing within it, searching for subconscious answers to conscious questions. ", "Bourdon's themes are primal (anything dealing with the olfactory sense is primal), sometimes primitive, but do not transcend the sphere of fashion. ", "It is, unfortunately, a mode of expression that is not stated. ", "The intent is vague at worst, and commercially astute at best. ", "This doesn't mean that his work cannot hold greater subjective meaning, but the objective truths are simply not there. ", "Intellectually speaking, there is a lack of intent. ", "One can wonder if such intent is even possible when appealing to the most primitive of the five senses, but this is a subject better left to biologists. ", "However, it is clear that Pierre Bourdon is not operating within the same hemisphere of thought at Jackson Pollock. ", "It's also clear that it doesn't matter - his work is far enough removed from Pollock's, and no comparison is truly apt.", "\n\nNow that we've established the difference between perfumery and art, the question remains: can a perfume connoisseur ever be a senior \"expert\" in perfumery? ", "The answer is built into our discoveries regarding the Great Divide - if understanding the intellectual motivation behind art is necessary to make one an art expert, then one must understand something more than the intellectual motivation behind perfume in order to be a perfume expert, for there is little to no intellectual motivation behind perfume. ", "The motivation behind perfume is invariably linked to fulfilling a request, usually commercial in nature, and is therefore not enough to flesh out one's expertise.", "\n\nIn order to become a perfume expert, one must possess something more than a fundamental knowledge of what drives the creation of perfume. ", "In order to be a perfume expert, one must possess a fundamental and first-hand knowledge of the perfume-making process itself. ", "This is in stark contrast to the expertise of an art aficionado; the Pollock expert doesn't need to be skilled in drip painting to claim intellectual territory, but does need a thorough understanding of how Pollock influences the larger modern and postmodern cultural aesthetic. ", "This understanding makes one well-versed in the before, during, and after effects of Pollock's creative process, and it is this arch that enlightens us.", "\n\nThe perfume expert, however, cannot draw from a before, during, and after process because the motivational impetus behind his work originates with other people, for reasons that are usually non-creative. ", "To have expertise, or any kind of \"seniority\" of knowledge, this expert must have a hand in chemistry, and be capable of accomplishing the chemical constructions of more established perfumers. ", "Anything short of this is simply perfume enthusiasm. ", "And there is nothing separating one perfume enthusiast from another, except perhaps patience, money, and access to a broader range of scents. ", "One enthusiast may be limited to drugstore scents like Aqua Velva, Brut, and Old Spice, while another may collect a wide range of perfumes by Lutens, Creed, Montale, and Amouage. ", "One may have the predilection to explore the extensive backstories behind famous perfumes, while the other may be content to settle for marketing blurbs. ", "The two are basically the same person, with Woody Allen's equation of comedy equalizing them (comedy = tragedy + distance). ", "It is tragic that one is financially limited and could have a much broader range of olfactory experiences, if only he had more money. ", "It is remote aloofness that allows the wealthy to revel in the exotic expressions of various niche houses unhindered. ", "It's funny that both are, in the end, situated in the exact same place, often without ever realizing it.", "\n\nSo there you have it. ", "Perfumery is not an art after all. ", "I can't tell you what to do, but I recommend that you challenge anyone who suggests it is. ", "And the next time someone tries to intimidate you with their \"expertise\" in perfumery, remind them that we all have the same primitive olfactory epicenter in our brains, but not all of us have the ability to create the things that tap into them. ", "Those that do are the real \"experts.\" ", "The rest of us are just enthusiastic admirers from afar.", "\n\n2/19/12\n\nOne has to wonder if Obsession would have been nearly as popular without Kate Moss as its spokesmodel. ", "Moss was a force unto herself in the 1990s, a woman whose face was as ubiquitous as it was beautiful. ", "I recall spending a number of my teenage years imagining her as a water nymph that was merely masquerading as a human being. ", "There's something discarnate about her, and I'm not referring to her extreme thinness. ", "It wouldn't surprise me if photographers needed a special lens to photograph her.", "\n\nA magic glass of sorts is also required for deciphering Calvin Klein's famous unisex oriental. ", "It's hard to make sense of it; Obsession is a very dense and complicated fragrance. ", "People describe it as \"hot,\" \"spicy,\" \"vanilla,\" generally strong, and somewhat retro. ", "It's a big '80s perfume, full of the bombastic energy of that time period. ", "It has been reformulated into something significantly less than its former self, but it still smells pretty good. ", "Subtle notes of peach and bergamot exit the atomizer first, followed by cinnamon, clove, benzoin, and vanilla. ", "Eventually the white flowers show up - plenty of orange blossom with hints of jasmine. ", "An earthier base of patchouli, oakmoss, and sandalwood asserts itself, but here the scent becomes a bit flat. ", "I'm reminded of Creed's Baie de Genievre in that Obsession's drydown, like the Creed's, resembles the smell of clean hospital bandages. ", "Side-by-side sniff comparisons of Obsession and the original formulation of Obsession for Men (sadly I do not have the original formulation of the feminine Obsession) reveal the latter has superior citrus and spices and a deeper clove note.", "\n\nObsession has limited longevity and a compromised structure, but it's still the best offering from Calvin Klein. ", "I don't use it myself because the far drydown reminds me of, believe it or not, Passion for Men by Liz Taylor. ", "The two are so similar that I'm inclined to pass on a whole bottle of this formulation and just wear Passion - it's half the price and just as good. ", "Then again, Obsession for Men is far better than both of them, and smells cleaner due to its soapy clove note. ", "With me, soapiness always wins the day.", "\n\n2/18/12\n\nToday I bought back-up bottles of my two favorites, Grey Flannel and Kouros. ", "I was running a little low on both, and decided it was worth the investment to purchase follow-ups.", "\n\nI went to Marshalls for Grey Flannel, as I've seen it there countless times and figured they'd have at least one bottle available. ", "Sure enough, they just restocked a bunch of 4 ounce bottles, the ones that come in the box that says \"eau de toilette spray vaporisateur.\" ", "I grabbed one and went on my merry way.", "\n\nWhen I opened it a few minutes later, I was confused. ", "Immediately, something didn't look right. ", "Naturally I hadn't brought my current bottle with me to compare, but I could tell that the new juice was a totally different color - in fact, it was clear. ", "My older bottle is of the same color glass, but holds a slightly greenish fluid, which darkens the bottle when it's full. ", "With some trepidation, I gave the new bottle a spritz on the back of my hand.", "\n\nWow, what a massive anise note, mixed with naked alcohol. ", "Gradually the oakmoss steps in and balances the anise a bit, but where are all the dense violets and that cool violet leaf that I love so much?", "\n\nThirty minutes later, the drydown introduces the violet leaf, with a hit of metallic sweetness to it. ", "At this stage I recognize the scent a lot better than I did initially.", "\n\nSo I went home and compared. ", "I was right, the older bottle has a darker perfume in it, and the label is different, too. ", "Instead of announcing that it has an atomizer, the older bottle simply says \"eau de toilette.\" ", "Aside from the coloring and label differences, the two bottles are identical.", "\n\nI did a sniff test next. ", "There was a lump in my throat because I expected the new to smell inferior to the old, and blatantly different. ", "First I applied them to paper, and shockingly, they smelled identical. ", "Both had a strong anise note! ", "Why hadn't I noticed this before?", "\n\nThen came the skin test. ", "This was a little more revealing, although not as much as I had thought. ", "I put the current stuff on my left hand, and the new stuff on my right. ", "Both had an anisic, alcoholic opening. ", "Again, very surprising. ", "However, as they dried, I notice the juice on my left is slightly, almost imperceptibly deeper in its mossy tonality than the new juice. ", "The new stuff is the same, but the violet note - not the violet leaf - has been shaved just a hair. ", "The anise note in the new juice is definitely clearer, sharper than the old. ", "These are the only differences I can see, and are negligible at best.", "\n\nI took the new purchase to Villa Fleur, a brick and mortar shop in Hamden on Dixwell Avenue. ", "I know the guy there because I've purchased from him several times, and figured he could help me make heads or tails out of this situation. ", "I know, this is what I do with my Saturday off.", "\n\nHe took one look at the box from Marshalls and immediately said, \"Oh, that's really old. ", "I haven't seen a box like that for Grey Flannel in many years.\"", "\n\nI begged to differ. \"", "I've been seeing these boxes all over the place, and this one is made by EA Fragrances, so it can't be that old.\"", "\n\n\"EA has been making Grey Flannel for a long time,\" he replied. \"", "No, this is old. ", "Usually you only see the flannel sack, or a box for smaller bottles.\"", "\n\n\"What about the color?\" ", "I showed him the clear juice in front of a light.", "\n\n\"Old stock,\" he said. \"", "These things sit in warehouses, and they get auctioned at ten cents to the dollar to places like Marshalls and T.J. Maxx.\"", "\n\nAgain, I begged to differ. ", "Why had I decided to ask this guy? ", "He's the same person who tried to sell me a bottle of Green Frich Tweed, assured me that he bought his Creed stock from Creed itself, and explained that they spelled the fragrance with the \"Frich\" only for Christmas time.", "\n\n\"Well,\" I said, humoring him, \"I guess that must be it.\" ", "Damned if I've ever heard of perfume becoming paler with age. ", "Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't the opposite usually happen, particularly with these older, mossier woody scents that contain oakmoss?", "\n\nFortunately, both the older bottle and the newer bottle have labels that list the exact same ingredients, in the exact same order. ", "So according to the two packages, the formula is the same. ", "Still, I can't help but feel that the \"anise alcohol\" listed for Grey Flannel is far more prominent in the new bottle. ", "My only guess as to why this would be is that there has been a slight modification to the dying of the juice, and the boxed bottle features a dreaded \"batch variation.\" ", "I thought batch variations only existed in the world of Creed. ", "Guess I was wrong.", "\n\nAnd then there's Kouros.", "\n\nWhile at Villa Fleur, I decided to grab a 3.3 ouncer of Kouros. ", "Villa Fleur's prices are usually exorbitant, but the pricing on Kouros was more than fair. ", "The box looked legitimate (I'm sometimes uncomfortable buying more popular scents from this vendor after my wacky encounter with the counterfeit Creed), and summer is coming, so there's no time to waste.", "\n\nWhen I got home, I opened the box, and this time there was no doubt about it - the bottle had changed. ", "A picture is worth a thousand words, so I've included one here showing my current Kouros on the left, and the new bottle on the right:\n\nFor cost-cutting reasons they removed the metal trim from the bottle (but inexplicably, not from the atomizer), and for aesthetic reasons changed the font from a blueish grey to an exact grey. ", "The Kouros font is also a little thinner on the new bottle.", "\n\nHow does the juice smell? ", "My current bottle has a gorgeous musky citrus opening, with a massive wallop of civet. ", "The new bottle has a very nice but noticeably muted citrus opening, with a little less musk and a lot less civet. ", "Both ingredients are still present, but dialed back a notch or two. ", "The movements into the middle and far drydowns of both scents are identical.", "\n\nAnother reformulation that has the packaging slightly different, and the juice a tiny bit different as well. ", "There's no one to ask about this, but with Kouros, the density of the scent makes differences totally unnoticeable to anyone other than a freak like me. ", "Still, it's worrisome, because you never know what you're in for when you purchase what should be a familiar product.", "\n\n2/15/12\n\nCase in point: Tea Rose. ", "Available in 4 ounce bottles at any Marshalls or T.J.Maxx across the land for the breathtaking sum of $9.99. ", "Yet mysteriously favored by fragrance aficionados, rose lovers, and Nicole Kidman of To Die For fame. ", "Did she ever make anything after that?", "\n\nSniffing it as I write this, Tea Rose strikes me as being one of those ultra-rare artifacts of perfume history, something only found once every thirty years. ", "I'm not talking about the price-to-quality ratio. ", "I'm talking about a rose soliflore that smells just like you have a big fat Chrysler Imperial pinned to your hand. ", "This stuff is dry, greenish black, haloed in crimson and clover and everything else the world over. ", "It smells like a red rose, very natural, very deep, and very realistic, to the point of being a bit spooky. ", "You just don't encounter anything that's remotely close to this good with any regularity. ", "For some, it's a once in a lifetime deal.", "\n\nI don't know how they did it, and it doesn't really matter - The Perfumer's Workshop created a deceptively complex soliflore on a budget, and found a way to make it accessible to the public for an absurdly reasonable price. ", "My hesitation prior to trying Tea Rose was caused by the reputation of cheap '70s soliflores for being stuffy, grandmotherly, dull. ", "To say that I missed the mark in my prefiguring of Tea Rose is an understatement. ", "I missed the continent on this one. ", "The scent is crystalline, natural, sweet, and unforgettable.", "\n\nThe budget does present itself a little in the far drydown, but it's nothing to lose sleep over. ", "An unwanted rubbery edge to the crispness, something outside of the soliflore realm that reeks of \"supporting note,\" as though the chemical that makes the star notes dance and sing is vying for an unscripted number of its own. ", "Ultimately, Tea Rose succeeds on every level as a pleasantly sexual rose scent, something either a man or woman can wear to enhance their charisma in a variety of circumstances. ", "You don't have to be on the red carpet with this one. ", "It's fine for daytime dates, dinner dates, Sunday brunch with the fam, or just slumming at your favorite park or garden. ", "I wouldn't wear it to work, unless you're a florist, as the sillage here is tremendous, and you're looking at around ten hours for longevity. ", "But hey, if you're tired of the same-old, same-old, maybe this could get you through a draggy casual Friday.", "\n\nA parting thought - if this scent were available in the 18th and 19th centuries, it would now cost $100 an ounce, as it would certainly have been worn by royalty.", "\n\n2/12/12\n\nBroadly speaking, there are two categories of rose perfume out there: those that employ the relatively-new \"headspace\" technology, and those that render the flower the old-fashioned way by using absolutes. ", "Rose Absolue is of the second method, and stands as one of the finest in the genre. ", "I prefer this type of rose scent over the headspace stuff because the experience of inhaling rose fumes from several inches away for a sustained length of time usually leads to a headache. ", "However, the dense, rubbery oil of rose possesses none of the heady green loudness of modern perfumes. ", "The redness is turned a deep purple. ", "The smell is that of raw rose, mixed with ground stems, soil, and burnt mulch. ", "The sweet verdancy of a young rose is nowhere to be found. ", "Rose Absolue conjures the feeling of deep roses, old, ripe roses. ", "The intensity of the absolute is such that granny perfume is replaced with oily, Arabian-like woods and spices. ", "This is man juice in disguise.", "\n\nRose Absolue is truly unisex, beautifully made, and worth the price of admission. ", "Wear it confidently during any time of the year, and enjoy the delicious warmth and depth of its composition.", "\n\nMuch of the recent Creed buzz has been about their latest Millésime, Aventus. ", "My review for this scent is upcoming, but I would like to address an internet meme which claims that Aventus is a stark departure from Creed's house style. ", "Nothing could be further from the truth. ", "Aventus is a sensible stop along the Creed line, as it follows another EDP of less repute: Spice and Wood.", "\n\nThere's a big difference in popularity between Aventus and S&W, and I figure price is the main reason. ", "Technically, 8.4 ounces of Spice and Wood is cheaper by the ounce than the 4 ounce flask of Aventus, but Creed has made S&W part of their \"Royal Exclusive\" line, which is simply a series of scents that are only offered in one massive size. ", "The pricing over at Creed is pretty hard to figure out, but maybe some industry insider somewhere understands what they're doing. ", "I'll never understand why anyone would buy Creed's 2.5 ounce Millésimes when you can get an extra 1.5 ounces for just $45 more. ", "Maybe traveler's preferences have something to do with it.", "\n\nS&W is the one Creed fragrance that irritates me to no end. ", "It's something I definitely liked enough to purchase, but can't see having 8.4 ounces of. ", "Nor can I justify coughing up $575 dollars for a fragrance. ", "This annoys me because there aren't many must-have Creeds out there, and if it were part of the regular Millésime line, S&W would be a must-have Creed. ", "If I ever sell that $10,000 painting I did back in college, a bottle of S&W will be my celebration scent. ", "Popular Science Magazine recently wrote to assure me that the statistical probability between pigs sprouting wings and my selling the painting favored the pigs 10 to 1. ", "So there's hope.", "\n\nMeanwhile, I'll settle for remembering how this perfume smells. ", "Subtle opening notes of citrus, birch, and red apple give way to a rich melange of cedar and angelica root, which eventually crescendos into a sweetly-spiced drydown. ", "The spices are mated to the usual ambergris, and I find the base quite potent. ", "S&W is a delicate fragrance, yet hugely masculine due to the bitter pairing of apple and birch. ", "It isn't unreasonable to suggest that the scent hosts the most realistic birchwood note in modern perfumery; the first ten minutes of sniffing this scent yields a startling array of incredibly realistic elements. ", "I find the spices in the drydown to be a little sweet for my liking, but still amenable enough to my tastes. ", "There's a nice use of oakmoss here as well, something one doesn't find very often in a Creed, except for Aventus.", "\n\nIf you have the money to spare and are looking for the perfect autumnal perfume, this could be your juice. ", "One day I'll get down to the Creed Boutique and give it another whirl. ", "Who knows, maybe Luis can talk me into something foolish.", "\n\nLike many other American men, I'm a big fan of powdery barbershop scents. ", "They remind me of being a young lad, all spiffed up and ready for some family function. ", "That fresh out of the barber's chair kind of feeling is really catnip for us guys. ", "Hard to explain it, really. ", "I get the feeling that the sentiment isn't largely shared by women. ", "Hard to explain that, too.", "\n\nPinaud's famous Clubman aftershave lotion, which doubles quite effectively as an eau de toilette, is probably the best example of the utilitarian barbershop scent. ", "If one were to go to the opposite end of the price-point spectrum for powdery barbershop, Habit Rouge is the upscale equivalent. ", "Oddly enough I find Clubman to be quite wearable, while Habit Rouge doesn't really mesh. ", "But I understand its appeal.", "\n\nFloating in the endless universe of masculine grooming products between Clubman and Habit Rouge is Jade East, a pleasant fougère with some oriental leanings, not the least of which is its name. ", "This fragrance has been through the reformulation mill, which is unsurprising for a 48 year-old scent. ", "Its current incarnation is competent, but a bit worn out. ", "Jade East opens with a synthetic blast of sweet lemon and orange zest, and very rapidly dries into a spicy powder with hints of wood. ", "The drydown is dull but very smooth, and I suppose one could liken it to Old Spice, although it has a more citric feel throughout its development. ", "Everything is sweet, powdery, spicy, and warm with Jade East, the way men wanted to smell back in the '50s and '60s.", "\n\nWould I wear it today? ", "My thought is, why bother? ", "It's nice enough, but does nothing that the cheaper Clubman can't do. ", "And Habit Rouge would be the more sensible eau de toilette for retro powder power. ", "I guess Jade East's continued availability can be chalked up to '60s nostalgia, with a whole generation of old guys remembering their childhoods when they put it on. ", "And you know something? ", "I can relate.", "\n\n2/11/12\n\nI met Doctor Bourke in the autumn of 1996, as a freshman in high school. ", "He was my French teacher, a former superintendent for a school system in New York who was serving out his millionaire-bachelor retirement in the classroom. ", "His style was impeccable, all Savile Row suited and Rolex watched. ", "The first thing I ever saw him do was explode at a fellow classmate, Jeremy M____. ", "Good 'ol Jeremy was a buddy of mine, a bona fide troublemaker, the sort of guy who drank Bud Lite on his dad's boat, which was forever hitched to a station wagon in his dad's driveway. ", "I vaguely recall Jeremy making a crack about one of the girls, and suddenly getting crushed by Bourke's thunderous entrance.", "\n\n\"Hey! ", "You!\" ", "Bourke said.", "\n\nJeremy raised an eyebrow and looked over his shoulder. \"", "Who? ", "Me?\"", "\n\n\"That's right. ", "You. ", "Shut up and listen to me.\"", "\n\n\"You just tell me to shut up?\"", "\n\n\"And listen to me.\" ", "Bourke's voice was suddenly quiet. ", "He went to the podium at the front of the classroom and shuffled his papers around and looked up at us with a scowl that would put Clint Eastwood to shame. \"", "If you think the usual fun and games is going to happen in my classroom,\" he hissed, \"then you're all in for a big surprise.\"", "\n\nSix months later, Jeremy, Dr. Bourke, myself, and a handful of French 101 survivors were joking about the French, exchanging stories about the various cars we'd driven (the Good Doctor was a car fanatic and regularly traded his leases for sexy 8 and 12 cylinder toys), and probing our main man about his style and personal tastes. ", "The veneer of toughness, the meanness and academic aggression had been peeled away to reveal a funny and lighthearted guy who was all bark and no bite.", "\n\nOh, and he wore Allure Homme by Chanel. ", "He broke that out during my senior year, which was when it was released. ", "When I discovered that it was his new favorite, it became the only fragrance that I wore in the decade to come. ", "I also abstained from wearing blue jeans for ten straight years, as the Good Doctor hated them and always chided anyone who wore them. ", "Yes, his influence was that potent and far reaching.", "\n\nRecently I had a chance to try one of Allure's flankers, Edition Blanche. ", "The juice was on my skin for twenty minutes when I realized there was no way in hell Doctor Bourke (now well into his 80s and still teaching French at my Alma Mater) would ever wear such an abomination. ", "Its odd pairing of synthetic pink pepper and creamed lemon was a listless olfactory experience and didn't hold a candle to the multifaceted warmth of its timeless progenitor.", "\n\nOne should never ever mess with a classic. ", "And some things, like some people, are simply classic.", "\n\n2/5/12\n\nFor the ultimate oriental, look no further than Opium. ", "Sniffing it today, it's utterly plausible to suppose that this was what Marlene Dietrich's Magdalen wore while kissing smoke across velvet-curtained train cars in the movie Shanghai Express. ", "Decadent myrrh, nutmeg, opoponax, and amber fill the composition to a bursting point, saved only by its deliberate exoticism and natural volume. ", "This fragrance is full-figured, and accepting of herself. ", "It could make a fine masculine these days, although only if applied very lightly and in social settings. ", "If I were to be totally frank, I'd consult younger men to explore other orientals before Opium. ", "Old Spice is a much safer alternative, and there's no shame in wearing it, although you risk coming across as a bit of a bore, which isn't an issue with YSL. ", "I must admit, however, that the prospect of meeting an Opium-wearing woman fills me with desire, followed by a little fear, followed by desire again and again. ", "A masterpiece.", "\n\nI'm pleasantly surprised to see Emily Blunt as the new face of Opium. ", "I had heard that she had been drafted for this role a little while ago, and the end result is good stuff. ", "Orientals like Opium need a strong, sexy, intelligent face to promote them, because only strong, sexy, intelligent people can pull them off.", "\n\nOpium is a strange scent to review because it does different things on different people. ", "A few of my grade school teachers wore it, and they always smelled like cinnamon sticks on steroids. ", "A younger woman might be more successful in animating the delicate sweetness of its opoponax and myrrh, while also grounding some of those piercing red spices. ", "If I were to wear Opium it would undoubtedly develop into makeup powder, as many '80s orientals seem to do with me. ", "Emily Blunt . . . ", "well, I can see it smelling like heaven on her. ", "Then again, I'm fairly certain Ms. Blunt could wear the detestable Jovan Woman and still smell like a multimillion dollar western European movie star. ", "As could Marlene Dietrich, so she's in royal company.", "\n\nIgnoring its flankers, I have to wonder if the original perfume is still relevant to the fashion sensibilities of today. ", "My theory is that this fragrance is iconic enough, and modern enough, to continue influencing feminine styles for years to come. ", "Long live the '80s, long live bombastic spicy '80s orientals, and long live Opium. ", "May it continue making subway commuters sneeze and shift managers furrow their brows well into the dark heart of the 21st century.", "\n\nMugler's perfumes share the distinction of being the rare kind that one can enjoy without even trying - all you need to do is look at the bottles! ", "Whoever is on the Mugler design team can be applauded for having very, ahem, unique visual sensibilities. ", "It's impossible to walk past a Mugler counter and not pause to marvel at the array of unorthodox shapes. ", "For some reason Alien stands apart, eclipsing even the bizarrely compressed polyhedron star of Angel. ", "Its upright flask is a cross between a remote control and a Dung Beetle, and seems to challenge every conceivable assumption one might make about the juice housed within. ", "The only assumption safe to make is that confusion, intimidation, and sheer awe were the intended reactions here.", "\n\nI wish I could give the fragrance a score that corresponds with my appreciation of its container, but alas, it cannot be. ", "First to hit my skin is a rocket booster of highly synthetic (and oddly sour) jasmine mixed with violet-like sweet notes. ", "The concoction seems to be a dense blend of patented ionones (Dihydro Ionone Beta? ", "Jasmatone?), ", "aldehydes, and detergent musks that have endured several passes with a K2 meter.", "\n\nAfter an hour of head-splitting blare, the ensemble settles into a milder and woodier base, with the floral sweetness still shouting from the sidelines. ", "My immediate impression of this evolution is that it is the perfect accessory for someone who uses his or her naked body for money, which covers everyone from strippers and prostitutes to art school models for Life Drawing 101. ", "This is sexual but heady, protective even, something that asserts a level of authority over the natural world with its aggressive chemical reach. ", "It's Red Door for the 21st century.", "\n\nIt's not for me, that's for sure. ", "Ten minutes of uninvited wear on my skin would be enough to send me screaming for the hills. ", "Alien's appeal to young women wishing to push the social envelope is evident, and I can recommend it to anyone who is tired of the same-old, same-old. ", "I'll stick with more human fare, thank you very much.", "\n\n2/4/12\n\nI'll keep this short and sweet, as I'm reserving a fuller review of this sort of scent for that which Cabotine copied - Creed's Fantasia de Fleurs. ", "My belief is that Creed does green florals better than anyone. ", "Still, this once-expensive French designer perfume is a real beauty, and in my opinion is deserving of a comeback.", "\n\nI gave Country Chic, Alien, and CK Shock for Her second (and third) tries the other day, but Cabotine was the first thing I tried, and remains the only scent that I genuinely liked. ", "Call me a contrarian, but this does not deserve the label \"nasty floral.\" ", "It doesn't deserve accolades either, but almost nothing does. ", "Cabotine's fresh ginger and hyacinth opening is made a bit odd by extra-fatty aldehydes, which seem to illuminate and aerate its denser floral drydown. ", "The initial burst of Chinese-style ginger is particularly bright and clean. ", "Hints of hyacinth keep things fresh as ylang-ylang, jasmine, rose, and lily notes emerge and intensify, resulting in a pretty floral that is mercifully light on that dreaded fruity calone molecule.", "\n\nThis perfume is reputedly about the Himalayan ginger lily, a flower so rare and short-lived that for a long time chemists were unable to replicate the aromatic molecule responsible for its scent. ", "Then along came a chemist who captured some molecules from a living flower. ", "He studied them, and was able to recreate the scent molecules for Cabotine. ", "Yeah. ", "Right. ", "But it's a nice story. ", "What do I think? ", "I think there are a few sweet, dirt-cheap aroma chemicals stacked alongside an inexpensive-but-effective ginger aroma chemical, and the rest of the work went into the absurd ginger lily story. ", "I admire companies that come up with these fascinating stories for their fragrances. ", "It shows they care. ", "About what? ", "I have no idea.", "\n\nThere are stages in Cabotine where the scent veers away from fine fragrance and into room-freshener territory, but this is a $16 perfume, after all. ", "What saves it for me is its sheer ginger, jasmine, and rose notes, which seem to presage the aquatic jasmine in Calice Becker's Tommy Girl. ", "Cabotine is quite nice, and I see a bottle in my future. ", "Speaking of which - I really love the bottle. ", "Yeah, it's a touch feminine and has a crazy green plastic cap, but when I pretend the cap is glass it strikes me as being a uniquely modern design. ", "Eh, what can I say? ", "I'm a weirdo.", "\n\nBudget fragrances of 2011 were generally crumby. ", "You've got your CK flankers, your sugar-shock Justin Bieber celeb nothings, your Ed Hardy disasters, your latest Curves in the road, all synthetic-smelling, aquatic, chemical florals and musks. ", "We can't do cheapies with any dignity these days. ", "Sniffing through all the fake fruit-laden contemporary crap last summer had me thinking about trying Creed's Aventus, just so I could smell a fruit note (namely pineapple) that doesn't remind me of a Yankee Candle. ", "Following that train of thought, I remembered a much older scent that utilizes pineapple without the exorbitant price tag. ", "And I got a little nostalgic. ", "Surprise, surprise.", "\n\nIt seems that back in the '80s, even lower-shelf offerings had quality, character, and panache. ", "Take Lapidus Pour Homme, for instance. ", "From 1987, this fragrance can be had for $12 online, and back in the day it wasn't all that pricey, either. ", "Today it's not only a cheapie, but it's out of style and almost entirely forgotten by men of a certain age. ", "Which is a shame, because it's an incredibly masculine fougère in the tradition of Kouros and Tsar. ", "I don't like it quite as much as either of those two, and gave my Lapidus away to a gay friend (I give him tons of stuff because he never refuses anything, and it's a great way to do spring cleaning), but I do feel LPH is a worthy \"power\" fougère. ", "Having LPH and Kouros is a bit redundant, and I'll stick to my Kouros, but if you find YSL's interpretation of a honeyed animalic too formal, LPH may be the solution; it seems Teddy Boy wanted a sexier honey scent as his signature and cracked a few beehives in the formulation process.", "\n\nLapidus opens with a smooth but forceful burst of sugary pineapple and not much else. ", "It's an opening I've never encountered before, and what surprises me isn't the choice of fruit, but how realistic it smells. ", "It doesn't have a chemical opacity to it. ", "It feels like I opened a can of Mott's pineapple juice and splashed it on my chest. ", "This pineapple is transparent, light, and sweet - but still quite strong. ", "It settles on skin with hints of lemon and orange, and seems to recede for a few minutes before allowing the heart notes to open up. ", "Once the top subsides, the honey, backed by a not-so-subtle incense and rose, emerges with startling clarity. ", "The honey gradually loses balance, almost becoming noxious in its intensity, but that issue passes within a few hours. ", "My bottle was older, and the honey note may have degraded. ", "The pineapple never actually disappears, but lurks in the periphery to compliment these darker elements. ", "Gradually the rose becomes stronger and is edged by a spiced jasmine, and Lapidus gets in touch with its floral side. ", "Note separation is effortless here; for a downmarket offering, this fragrance never lets me forget that it's Parisian, a solid piece of French perfumery. ", "I get each note with ease, and the scent as a whole maintains a congruence and beauty that are hard to find in many pricier perfumes.", "\n\nAfter a few hours Lapidus brightens - the hints of clove, the darkness of the honey, and the dankness of the rose grow lighter and airier, becoming a bit soapy and free. ", "The sweetness, initially introduced by pineapple and followed by a gargantuan honey element, becomes less realistic and somewhat chemical at this stage. ", "Still, it smells good, and I've definitely gotten the most bang for my buck. ", "To anyone who believes that price is directly correlative to quality, let Lapidus stand as a conscientious objector - it is brilliantly conceived and executed, utterly wearable, and a fine example of how to wear pineapple without wearing your bank account down to its nubble." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "The Lies & Mythology\n\nThis BUSINESS INSIDER report from Reuters “Breast implants tied to increased risk of rare blood cancer” was published on the 28th January 2018, It’s what is called “CHURNALISM, or a dubious press release circulated worldwide, masquerading as news. ", "In this case, it plays down the very serious risks of breast implants raised in a recently published study.", "\n\nPresumably, its been published by Business Insider to keep investors on side and investing for the very high returns associated with this market. ", "Commonly a doctor is approached for quotes, just like this one: “Breast implants remain among the most studied medical devices available in the world, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is an extremely rare and highly treatable form of lymphoma…”\n\nUnravelling the LIES & Busting the Myths\n\nLIES\n\n(1) Breast implants remain among the most studied medical devices available in the world\n\nMYTHOLOGY\n\n(2) breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is an extremely rare and highly treatable form of lymphoma\n\nIn 2016, a panel of French experts reviewed the safety data for textured breast implants available with a CE Mark in Europe. ", "GUESS WHAT? ", "THERE IS NO SAFETY DATA ON FILE FOR TEXTURED IMPLANTS! ", "Where’s the evidence for our claim? ", "Please refer enquires to the French National Regulating Authorities ANSM. ", "And Fig1 shown below. ", "The “most studied” suggests evidence of safety, where in fact there is none.", "\n\nFrench Expert Panel reporting on the biocompatibility of textured implants 2016\n\nBut What About the BIG manufacturer studies?", "\n\nIn January 2004, the FDA found that Inamed (Allergan) had failed to provide long-term safety data on silicone gel-filled breast implants. ", "Implant companies have now had 18 years to collect long-term data on implant patients. ", "The problem is always the same: too many implant patients dropped out of the studies or, more accurately in our view, the companies failed to carry out an effective surveillance of implant patients. ", "We know that many women who had complications attempted to report these to their doctors and to the companies and were not taken seriously. ", "Records became “lost.”", "\n\nIt is unacceptable that again a substantial number of the 40,000 patients that Mentor and Allergan were required to track were “lost” in just a very short time frame. ", "Mentor had lost track of 79 percent of all patients within three years of their enrollment and Allergan lost track of almost half of their augmentation patients within their first two years, along with 25-31 percent of their reconstruction patients in that same length of time. ", "Such a high loss to follow-up completely undermines the value of any findings.", "\n\nBreast Implant Cancer can KILL. ", "It is linked to textured breast implants, most frequently Allergan biocell implants. ", "Some claims suggest its down to the contamination taking place on the implant surface, implying contamination by implanting surgeons. ", "See what i did there? ", "Manufacturers imply blame for breast implant cancer points toward the implanting Surgeons.", "\n\nThe Keller Funnel\n\nStill Allergan found and bought a solution. ", "Its called a Keller Funnel : its a device that looks like a piping bag, it means the implant doesnt need to be touched during surgery and thereby reduces contamination of the implant.", "\n\nBetadine\n\nAlso, surgeons now have access to Betadine (formerly BANNED due to known carcinogenicity, but now BACK in USE to reduce surgeon liability for implant contamination. ", "YEP BETADINE IS CARCINOGENIC and was BANNED for use with implants until 2017.", "\n\nHere is the decision approval statement from the FDA, dated August 2017, for Allergan Saline implants.", "\n\nApproval Order Statement\nApproval for changes to the labeling including 1) the removal of the Betadine warning against breast implant exposure to Betadine brand povidone-iodine 10% (applicable to generic versions as well) from the patient and physician labeling, and 2) modifications to the language in the physician and patient labeling regarding the potential risk of breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL).", "\n\nDoes use extend to silicone breast implants? ", "The approval order only mentions saline implants.", "\n\nBut why havent the contents of implants come under scrutiny?", "\n\nWhat about the plastics and silicones in the implant? ", "Why do they rupture? ", "What happens to the silicones leaking out of the implant? ", "What happens after silicone has been leaking into your body for years?", "\n\nThousands upon thousands of women say their implants made them sick, do they have breast implant cancer? ", "Who is running tests? ", "Where are the registries? ", "Where is the information on the contents of breast implants? ", "Where is the data for risk coming from?", "\n\nAre the doctors offering insights into breast implant cancer in CHURNALISM articles paid by the manufacturers?", "\n\nSurgeons & their associations : bought & paid for by the manufacturers\n\nMost patients have never received a penny from Allergan or from Mentor. ", "Dr McCarthy was paid over 800 times more than us, by Mentor in 2016. ", "The evidence for dr kick-backs? ", "The US have the Sunshine Act which makes manufacturers publish details of the monies paid to surgeons & doctors for promoting their products to patients. ", "Take a look at the numbers of US surgeons who were paid by Allergan in 2016.", "\n\nAllergan’s paid doctors\n\nBreast implants are tied to a MASSIVELY increased risk of blood cancer because women without breast implants DONT get it!", "\n\nHaving to deal with FAKEnews & FAKEscience surrounding breast implants is utterly exhausting, still its the reason so many of us are still here. ", "ITS JUST NOT ON! ", "Time has come to put a stop to profiting from lies & exploitation of women." ]

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[ "Chicago faced a public health crisis in the 1850s as poor drainage led to outbreaks of cholera and typhoid fever. ", "So they raised the town. ", "Large sections of the central city were raised 6 feet on jackscrews while masons installed new foundations beneath them and installed pipes for sewage, water, and gas.", "\n\nSurprisingly, this went pretty well. “", "An entire block on Lake street, between Clark and La Salle streets, on the north side of the street, was raised at one time, business in the various stores and offices proceeding as usual,” wrote historian Josiah Seymour Currey. “", "The facility with which buildings, light and heavy, were raised to the grade established became the talk of the country, and the letters of travelers and correspondents for newspapers abound with reference to the work going on and the odd sensations of going up and down as one passed along the streets.”", "\n\nOne oddity: The streets were raised before the sidewalks, so “until all the sidewalks were raised to grade, people had to go up and down stairs from four to half a dozen steps two or three times in passing a single block,” recalled Chicago Tribune publisher William Bross. “", "A Buffalo paper got off a note on us to the effect that one of her citizens going along the street was seen to run up and down every pair of cellar stairs he could find. ", "A friend asking after his sanity, was told that the walkist was all right, but that he had been in Chicago a week, and, in traveling our streets, had got so accustomed to going up and down stairs that he got the springhalt and could not help it.”" ]

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[ "The present invention relates generally to motorcycle foot support structures, and specifically to adjustable foot support assemblies." ]

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[ 0.000578323204535991 ]

[ "Slim Dusty discography\n\nSlim Dusty has released 118 records (60 studio albums) in his career. ", "He has sold more than seven million records and earned over 70 gold and platinum album certifications.", "\n\nNB: Chart positions prior to 1970 are unknown. ", "Certifications prior to 1997 are unknown.", "\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nSoundtrack albums\n\nLive albums\n\nCompilation albums\n\nChronological list of all albums\n\n Slim Dusty Sings (1960)\n Songs for Rolling Stones (credited to Slim Dusty and His Bushlanders) (1961)\n Along the Road of Song (1962)\n Aussie Sing Song (credited to Slim Dusty and His Bushlanders) (1962)\n Another Aussie Sing Song (credited to Slim Dusty and His Bushlanders) (1963)\n Songs in the Saddle (1963)\n Songs of Australia (1964)\n People and Places (1964) (credited to Slim Dusty and His Bushlanders)\n Australian Bush Ballads (1965)\n The Nature of the Man (1966)\n An Evening with Slim and Joy (1966) (with Joy McKean) \n Essentially Australian (1967)\n Songs My Father Sang to Me (1968)\n Songs from the Cattle Camps (1968)\n Sing Along with Dad (1968) (with Joy McKean, Anne and David)\n Cattle Camp Crooner (1969)\n Slim Dusty Encores (1969)\n Sing a Happy Song (1970)\n Songs from the Land I Love (1971)\n Glory Bound Train (1971)\n Live at Wagga Wagga (1972)\n Me and My Guitar (1972)\n Foolin' Around (1973) (with Joy McKean)\n The Best of Slim Dusty (1973)\n Live at Tamworth (1973)\n Dusty Tracks (1973)\n Tall Stories and Sad Songs (1973)\n Australiana (1974)\n Dinki Di Aussies (1974)\n The Best of Slim Dusty Volume 2 (1975)\n Lights on the Hill (1975)\n Way Out There (1975)\n Things I See Around Me (1976) (featuring The Travelling Country Band)\n Give Me the Road (1976) (featuring The Travelling Country Band)\n This Is Your Life (1976)\n Songs from Down Under (1976)\n Slim Dusty Sings His Favourite Songs (1976)\n Just Slim with Old Friends (1977) (with Barry Thornton, Paul and Colleen Trenwith and Linsday Butler)\n On the Move (1977) (with The new Travelling Country Band)\n Travellin' Country Man (1977)\n To Whom It May Concern (1978)\n The Entertainer - Live at The Sydney Opera House (1978)\n A Guitar and a Hat (1979)\n Spirit of Australia (1979)\n Slim Dusty Rarities (1979)\n Rodeo Riders (1979)\n Walk a Country Mile (1979)\n The Man Who Steadies the Lead (1980)\n Slim Dusty Family Album (1980)\n No 50 - The Golden Anniversary Album (1981)\n Where Country Is (1981)\n Vintage Album Volume 1 (1981)\n Who's Riding Old Harlequin Now (with The Travelling Country Band) (1981)\n Vintage Album Volume 1 (1982)\n On the Wallaby (1983)\n I Haven't Changed a Bit (1983)\n Trucks on the Track (1983\n Slim Dusty Movie (Soundtrack) (1984)\n The Best of Slim Dusty (1984)\n I'll Take Mine Country Style (1985)\n Singer from Down Under (1985)\n To a Mate (1985)\n Australia Is His Name (1985)\n Live Across Australia (credited to The Slim Dusty Family) (1986)\n Stories I Wanted to Tell (1986)\n Vintage Album Volume 3 (1986)\n Beer Drinking Songs of Australia (1986)\n Cattlemen from the High Plains (1987)\n Neon City (1987)\n Country Livin' (1987)\n The Heritage Album (1988)\n Slim Dusty Sings Stan Coster (1988)\n G'day G'day! (", "1988)\n King of Kalgoorlie (1989)\n Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson (1989)\n Vintage Album Volume 4 (1989)\n Two Singers One Song(with Anne Kirkpatrick) (1989)\n Coming Home (1990)\n Slim Dusty Sings Joy McKean (1991)\n A Land He Calls Our Own (1992)\n Live Into the '90s (1992)\n Travellin' Guitar (1992)\n That's the Song We're Singing (1992)\n Ringer from the Top End (1993)\n The Anniversary Album No. ", "2 (1943-1993) (1993)\n Natural High (1994)\n Country Way of Life (1995)\n Regal Zonophone Collection (1995)\n The Slim Dusty Show (Live in Townsville 1956) (1996)\n Country Classics (1996)\n 91 Over 50 (1996)\n A Time to Remember (1997)\n Talk About the Good Times (1997)\n Old Time Drover's Lament (1997)\n Makin' a Mile (1997) \n Down the Dusty Road (1998)\n The Very Best of Slim Dusty (1998)\n West of Winton (1999)\n Nighty Night (aka '99) (1999)\n Looking Forward Looking Back (2000)\n The Man Who Is Australia (2000)\n A Piece of Australia (2000)\n Ramblin' Shoes 1953-1976 (2000)\n Ramblin' Shoes Vol.2 1980-2000 (2000)\n The Men From Nulla Nulla (with Shorty Ranger) (2001)\n Travellin' Still...Always Will (with Anne Kirkpatrick) (2002)\n Columbia Lane - the Last Sessions (2004)\n Live (2006)\n Pubs, Trucks & Plains (2007)\n The Slim Dusty Family (credited to The Slim Dusty Family) (2008)\n I've Been There And Back Again (2011)\n 1960's Classic Albums (2012)\n 1970's Classic Albums (2012)\n 1980's Classic Albums (2012)\n 1990's Classic Albums (2012)\n The Son of Noisy Dan (2013)\n The Den Tapes (2016)\n Prime Movers (2016)\n\nCharting singles\nDuring his career, Dusty had five top 40 hits on the Australian charts, with \"A Pub With No Beer\" and \"Duncan\" both reaching number one in 1958 and 1980 respectively.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Country music discographies\nCategory:Discographies of Australian artists" ]

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[ "1. ", "Technical Field\nThe present invention relates to a powder metal composition for producing wear resistant and easily machinable valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines, and to the valve seat inserts produced from the composition.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Prior Art\nMost internal combustion engine valve seat inserts are made by a powder metal process. ", "A powder metal process is suitable for valve seat insert production because the process is capable of forming the valve seat insert to near its final shape. ", "Some machining is required, but the powder metal process reduces machining requirements, making the production of the valve seat inserts economical.", "\nPowder metal compositions for producing valve seat inserts having both good wear resistance and machinability are known. ", "However, such compositions generally require a high percentage of alloying, or costly processing, both requirements adding to the cost of the inserts.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,806,325 discloses an iron based alloy for a valve seat ring for an internal combustion engine. ", "One alloy disclosed in the patent is obtained by blending iron powder with about 0.25 to 8 weight percent molybdenum, 0.1 to 1 weight percent carbon, and 1 to 20 weight percent nickel and/or copper. ", "The powder mixture is formed and sintered to a density of about 6.7 grams per cm.sup.3 and then is infiltrated with an infiltrating material such as lead." ]

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[ "2013 China League One\n\nThe 2013 China League One is the tenth season of the China League One, the second tier of the Chinese football league pyramid, since its establishment.", "\n\nTeam changes\n\nPromotion and relegation \nTeams promoted to 2013 Chinese Super League\n Shanghai SIPG\n Wuhan Zall\n\nTeams relegated to 2013 China League Two\n Hohhot Dongjin\n\nTeams relegated from 2012 Chinese Super League\n Henan Jianye\n\nTeams promoted from 2012 China League Two\n Guizhou Zhicheng \n Hubei China-Kyle\n\nName changes \nFujian Smart Hero moved to the city of Shijiazhuang and changed their name to Shijiazhuang Yongchang Junhao in December 2012.", "\n\nClubs\n\nStadiums and Locations\n\nManagerial changes\n\nNote1:Executive manager was Wei Xin.", "\n\nForeign players\nRestricting the number of foreign players strictly to three per CL1 team.", "\nA team could use three foreign players on the field each game. ", "Players came from Hong Kong, Macau and Chinese Taipei were deemed as native players in CL1.", "\n\n Foreign players who left their clubs after first half of the season.", "\n\nHong Kong/Macau/Taiwan players (doesn't count on the foreign player slot)\n\nLeague table\n\nResults\n\nPositions by round\n\nTop scorers\n\nAwards\nThe awards of 2013 China League One were announced on 19 December 2013.", "\n Most valuable player: Xu Yang (Henan Jianye)\n Top scorer: Babacar Gueye (Shenzhen Ruby)\n Best goalkeeper: Zhou Yajun (Henan Jianye)\n Best coach: Tang Yaodong (Henan Jianye)\n\nLeague Attendance\n\n†\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \nChina League One at sina.com \nChina League One at sohu.com \n\nCategory:China League One seasons\n2\nChina\nChina" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nQt5PrintSupportd.dll is missing\n\nI searched about that problem everywhere, i really don t know what to do.", "I created a notepad app, in compiler everything went fine but when i m running it external it gives me that error : The program can t start because QT5PrintSupportd.dll is missing from your computer\nEdit: Everything works fine now thanks a lot guys.", "\n\nA:\n\nFor example my Qt install is inside : C:\\Qt\\Qt5.11.1\\5.11.1\\msvc2015_64\\bin\nQt5PrintSupportd.dll is inside the bin folder. ", "If you can't find the dll reinstalled Qt. ", " \nAfter copy this dll near to the .exe or add to system32. ", " \nFor window, may be you need to add the plugin folder printsupport near to the .exe file.", "\nYou can find this folder in C:\\Qtpath\\plugins\\printsupport\n---- \n | app.exe \n | printsupport\\windowsprintersupportd.dll\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nChange status text in columns.yaml in OctoberCMS\n\nI Want to Change Yes/No to Active/Closed for that i have tried \nstatus:\n label: Status\n type: group\n conditions: status in (:filtered)\n options:\n pending: Pending\n active: Active\n closed: Closed\n\nAND \nstatus:\n label: Status\n type: switch\n\nThe above code is found in https://octobercms.com/docs/backend/lists#column-switch\nCan anyone have any solution ?", "\n\nA:\n\nThere is no yaml configuration for switch column type to do this, but two other solutions are possible \nMethod 1. ", "You need to override localization file.", "\n\nCreate lang/en/backend directory in your project folder\nCreate file lang.php and add there:\n\n <?", "php \n return [\n 'list' => [\n 'column_switch_true' => 'Active',\n 'column_switch_false' => 'Closed'\n ], \n ];\n\n(optional) The base lang file is modules/backend/lang/en/lang.php if you have to override another messages\n\nDownside: \n\nIt will affect ALL switch type columns\n\nMethod 2. ", "Create partial for this column\n\nChange yaml configuration for the column to:\nstatus:\n label: Status\n type: partial\n path: column_status\nAdd file _column_status.htm to the according folder in controllers folder with content:\n\n<?", "php if($value) :?", ">\n Active\n<?", "php else: ?", ">\n Closed\n<?", "php endif ?", ">\n\n" ]

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[ "(CNN) This landlocked state shouldn't have any islands. ", "But the deadly flooding that has deluged parts of Nebraska -- and created islands where dry land should be -- could get worse before it gets better.", "\n\n\"This really is the most devastating flooding we've probably ever had in our state's history, from the standpoint of how widespread it is,\" Gov. Pete Ricketts said Monday.", "\n\nMore than 8 million people are under flood warnings in the Midwest and the Mississippi River Valley, CNN meteorologist Dave Hennen said. ", "The Nebraska Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) said on Monday that as of 6 p.m., 74 cities, four tribal areas and 65 counties have declared emergencies in the wake of flooding.", "\n\n\"Eastern Nebraska remains the hardest hit area, with much of the southeast part of the state under flood warnings,\" he said.", "\n\nThe flooding has already killed two people in Nebraska and one man in Iowa. ", "One woman was also killed in Nebraska during the flood, but investigators are looking into the cause of her death.", "\n\nUS Sen. Deb Fischer said in a statement Monday that Nebraska and Ricketts will send a request to President Donald Trump for disaster aid. ", "However, Fischer said the request can't be made until \"damages are assessed fully.\"", "\n\nShe said she would lead the Nebraska congressional delegation in a letter supporting the governor's request.", "\n\n\"I want all Nebraskans to know that my office stands ready to do everything in our power to lend a helping hand in any way we can,\" Fischer said.", "\n\nOn Monday evening, White House press secretary Sarah Sanders announced on Twitter that Vice President Mike Pence will travel to Nebraska on Tuesday at the request of President Donald Trump. ", "Pence will also be joined by Ricketts and Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds, Sanders' tweet said.", "\n\nAt @POTUS request, @VP will travel to Nebraska tomorrow to survey the damage from the terrible flooding that's impacted much of the Midwest. ", "He'll be joined by @GovRicketts & @IAGovernor. ", "Thank you to First Responders and many volunteers helping those affected! — ", "Sarah Sanders (@PressSec) March 18, 2019\n\nIn Lincoln, Nebraska, Mayor Chris Beutler requested a disaster declaration from Ricketts on Monday after flooding caused the city's 284,000 residents to be placed under restricted water usage.", "\n\nA weekend levee breach flooded one of the city's well fields along the Platte River, causing power outages in and around the well fields. ", "Residents are being asked to limit their water usage to drinking, health and limited sanitation purposes.", "\n\nBeutler is mandating restaurants serve food using disposable place settings and cups, shutting down car washes and prohibiting outdoor water use while the city remains under restrictions.", "\n\nCombined Effort Continues in Response to State of Emergency pic.twitter.com/132EJBxSmm — NEMA (@NEMAtweets) March 18, 2019\n\nFlood records have been shattered in 17 places, and more rivers will likely break cresting records this week, the NEMA said. (", "A crest is the highest point of a flood wave .)", "\n\nNow the big concern is water draining downstream, further deluging communities that can't take any more flooding.", "\n\nAs of Monday evening, the flood has had a $205 million impact on Nebraska's public sector, according to NEMA. ", "The state's private sector has seen a $60 million impact.", "\n\nRicketts said during a news conference on Monday the state has been working with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and other federal officials \"to get emergency disaster declaration declared, and tap into those federal resources for public assistance and individual assistance.\"", "\n\nBryan Tuma, NEMA's assistant director, said the state has been \"expediting a request for federal disaster declaration.\"", "\n\n\"We have submitted our draft and FEMA is reviewing it now,\" Tuma said.", "\n\n'I didn't think ... ice could do what it did'\n\nThe mammoth flooding follows a powerful \"bomb cyclone\" that slammed the central United States last week with hurricane-like winds and blizzard conditions.", "\n\nMelting ice and snow ended up in rivers and streams, causing flooding and damage days after the precipitation was over.", "\n\nROAD CLOSURE\n\n\n\nHighway 275 between Wisner and Beemer is closed due to the road collapsing. ", "Please use alternate routes. #", "Flood2019 pic.twitter.com/PWcyF9hxRK — NSP Troop B Nights (@NSPTroopBNights) March 18, 2019\n\nWhen a destructive mix of water and ice barreled toward Willard and Denise Ruzicka's farm, 15 neighbors scrambled to help.", "\n\nLorie Kreycik Knigge was one of the neighbors who raced to the Ruzicka's five-generation farm Saturday night. ", "The helpers tried to move cattle, equipment and vehicles as fast as they could.", "\n\nBut less than three hours later, water and ice tore through the farm. ", "The blacksmith shop and grain bins were demolished. ", "Newborn calves and their mothers were killed and about 500 bales of stockpiled hay were washed away.", "\n\nThe Ruzickas' farm suffered severe losses when water and ice tore through Pischelville, Nebraska.", "\n\n\"It just ate away at everything,\" Knigge said. \"", "I didn't think that the power of ice could do what it did.\"", "\n\nNow Iowans are also grappling with dangerous flooding.", "\n\nJames Nennemann heard sirens blaring across the city of Hamburg around 4 a.m. Monday.", "\n\nA barrier that the town had built and reinforced to hold back river water was breaking. ", "Everyone needed to go.", "\n\nNow, Nennemann's basement is flooded. ", "If the water rises 2 feet more, it will reach his home's first floor.", "\n\n\"Feels pretty numb,\" he said as he stared at his flooded home. \"", "It's not something that you immediately process, seeing things that (you) have never seen before.\"", "\n\nThe water treatment plant in Hamburg began taking on water Sunday, according to CNN affiliate WOWT-TV\n\nEmergency management crews are giving residents bottled water, and a hospital in the city has been disconnected from the plant and is relying on other sources. ", "Customers of the plant were asked to limit their use of water through items like washing machines and dish washers until the plant can get back to regular operation.", "\n\nPresident Donald Trump responds to flooding in Midwest\n\nPresident Trump quote-tweeted Iowa's Reynolds on Monday, saying his team was in close contact with her.", "\n\n\"We support you and thank all of the first responders working long hours to help the great people of Iowa!\" ", "his tweet read.", "\n\nMy team is staying in close contact with Governor Kim Reynolds (@IAGovernor) of Iowa and the local officials managing these floods. ", "We support you and thank all of the first responders working long hours to help the great people of Iowa! ", "https://t.co/mZ4grxQ1Sa — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 18, 2019\n\nTrump also quote-tweeted South Dakota Gov. Kristi Noem.", "\n\n\"Our prayers are with the great people of South Dakota. ", "We are staying in close contact with @GovKristiNoem and all the State and Local leaders during and after these devastating floods. ", "Everyone be safe!\"", "\n\nOur prayers are with the great people of South Dakota. ", "We are staying in close contact with @GovKristiNoem and all the State and Local leaders during and after these devastating floods. ", "Everyone be safe! ", "https://t.co/9CNcPJZ3qi — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 18, 2019\n\n4 deaths include a farmer trying to rescue others\n\nNebraskan James Wilke, a farmer in Platte County, used his tractor to try to help a person trapped in a vehicle, NEMA spokesman Mike Wight said.", "\n\n\"With the guidance of emergency responders, James drove his tractor over the Shell Creek bridge on the Monestary Road and the bridge gave out. ", "James and the tractor went down into the floodwater below,\" family friend Jodi L. Hefti wrote on Facebook.", "\n\nPlease don't come to closed areas to sight see. ", "You put yourselves at risk and the first responders as well. ", "Barricades are placed and roads are closed for safety.", "\n\n\n\nThis is Highway 2 on the Missouri River near Nebraska City. ", "pic.twitter.com/hehqDjyCQf — NEStatePatrol (@NEStatePatrol) March 17, 2019\n\nAnother Nebraska man died after he was overcome by floodwaters near a dam in Spencer, Wight said.", "\n\nThe Platte County Sheriff's Office also confirmed the flood-related death of Betty Hamernik, 80, of Columbus. ", "On Thursday, a release from the sheriff's office said deputies were alerted that Hamernik was trapped in her home with rising floodwaters from the Loup River. ", "The extreme weather and flooding conditions -- including high waves and 60 mph wind gusts -- prevented emergency responders from getting to her home.", "\n\nOn Friday morning, National Guard rescuers tried to get into Hamernik's home again and made it in, only to find Hamernik dead. ", "Investigators are still looking into Hamernik's death.", "\n\nIn Iowa, Aleido Rojas Galan of Nebraska was one of three people rescued from floodwater, Iowa's Fremont County Sheriff's Office said. ", "But Galan, 55, succumbed to his injuries and died at a hospital in Lincoln.", "\n\nAn Air Force base is partially under water\n\nNebraska's Offutt Air Force Base, just south of Omaha, said about 30 buildings were flooded.", "\n\nRising waters from the Missouri River flooded about a third of Offutt Air Force Base, including about 3,000 feet of the base's 11,700-foot runway.", "\n\n\"Team Offutt has done an incredible job working together to battle this historic flood as best we can,\" said Col. ", "Michael Manion, 55th Wing commander. ", "On Sunday, he said the 55th Wing at the base was down \"essential personnel manning only.\"", "\n\nIn Iowa, a mandatory evacuation order has been issued for some residents of Pacific Junction, CNN affiliate KETV reported. ", "A county board passed a resolution Sunday saying anyone who violates evacuation or curfew orders will be fined $750.", "\n\nRecovering from the damage\n\nThe Nebraska governor and Rep. Don Bacon toured shelters Sunday, talking to displaced residents and evacuees of the floods. ", "Red Cross volunteers are working in more than a dozen shelters across eastern Nebraska and Iowa.", "\n\nCaught up with one of the families we observed being evacuated, along with their dog and 2 cats, from King Lake on Friday. ", "We also visited the humane society rescue room for displaced animals. ", "Thanks to the volunteers from @RedCross & other orgs! #", "NebraskaStrong @GovRicketts pic.twitter.com/Jm5ddmn869 — Rep. Don Bacon (@RepDonBacon) March 17, 2019\n\nAs the recovery process begins, NEMA urged residents to keep looking out for loved ones and neighbors.", "\n\nWarning signs include: increased use of alcohol, tobacco or other drugs; feelings of anxiety, disbelief or numbness; physical reactions such as headaches; and the worsening of chronic health problems." ]

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[ "“I don’t need to go to church. ", "I see God in my garden…I can worship God on the golf course…I worship Him in the mountains…” I’m sure you have heard those excuses that people often use for not being part of a local assembly of believers. (", "Hopefully you haven’t used them!). ", "Now, it is true that we can and should worship God while we work in our garden or play a round of golf or hike in the mountains, but God is not a plant nor is He the beauty of a golf course or the mountains. ", "He is the Creator, but we are to worship Him, and Him alone. ", "We are to appreciate, but not worship, His creation.", "\n\nWe have lots of trees on our property and are constantly picking up branches, especially after a wind storm, or in the spring after the snow has melted (as in right now). ", "If the branches are not too large, I run them through a chipper to make mulch. ", "I don’t try to put the branches back on the trees! ", "or to plant them. ", "Branches are built to be attached and they start dying when they’re not. ", "They’re not going to grow more leaves. ", "Any leaves they have on them are soon going to fall off. ", "As soon as the branch gets separated from the tree, it starts dying.", "\n\nJesus said to His disciples: “I am the vine and you are the branches; he who abides in Me, and I in him, he bears much fruit; for apart from Me you can do nothing” (Jn. ", "15:5). ", "Obviously, we have no life apart from Him who is “the way, and the truth, and the life” (Jn. ", "14:6). ", "And we can only bear fruit when we “abide” in Him, that is stay in fellowship with Him through His Word and through prayer, and depend upon Him for strength and wisdom and direction. ", "Apart from Him we “can do nothing,” but “through Him” we “can do all things” (Phil. ", "4:13). ", "We need to “stay plugged in” to the power source if our lives are going to be fruitful spiritually. ", "When we separate ourselves from fellowship with Him, we struggle to find meaning, significance, purpose, and joy, and we are not making a difference for Him.", "\n\nIt is also true that, as branches, we were built to be attached to His Body which He called the Church (Col. ", "1:18). ", "Just as it is God’s plan for a child to grow up in a home with a mom and dad in order to mature emotionally, mentally and spiritually as well as physically, it is God’s plan for a believer to “grow up” in a family of believers where he or she is loved, nurtured, taught, corrected, encouraged and equipped to serve. ", "The Apostle Paul, in writing to the Ephesian church, said that God “gave some as apostles and some as prophets and some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers for the equipping of the saints for the work of service, to the building up of the body of Christ; until we all attain to the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a mature man, to the measure of the stature which belongs to the fullness of Christ. ", "As a result, we are no longer to be children, tossed here and there by waves, and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, by craftiness in deceitful scheming, but speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in all aspects into Him, who is the head, even Christ, from whom the whole body, being fitted and held together by that which every joint supplies, according to the proper working of each individual part, causes the growth of the body for the building up of itself in love” (Eph. ", "4:11-16).", "\n\nIf you are waiting to find a perfect church before you get involved, you will be waiting all you life. ", "Every local assembly has its strengths and weaknesses. ", "If you should find a perfect one (and you won’t), don’t join it or you’ll ruin it! ", "But, inspite of each assembly’s flaws, find one that teaches the truth, that “holds forth the Word of Life,” that is doctrinally sound, and get involved. ", "You belong there. ", "As branches, we a built to be attached. ", "The author of the Book of Hebrews wrote: “Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for He who promised is faithful; and let us consider how to stimulate one another to love and good deeds, not forsaking our own assembling together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another; and all the more, as you see the day (of His return) drawing near” (Heb. ", "10:23-25). ", "We need the protection, the equipping, the encouraging, that a body of believers supplies, and each of us has spiritual gifts to offer to help the body grow as well. ", "And the closer we get to Jesus’ coming back, the more important it is that we stick together. ", "It is going to becoming harder and harder to know and to do the right thing–it’s happening now in our country–and we can help each other with that. ", "Obviously, God intended for following Jesus to be a “team sport,” not a “spectator sport.” ", "Jesus set up His Church as the place where we can worship Him with our spiritual family, where we can serve Him, where we can participate in the spiritual obediences like communion and baptism, where we pray for and support missionaries, where we are equipped to serve, where we can encourage and “stimulate one another to love and good deeds.”", "\n\nMaybe a storm came along and you ended up disconnected from the life of the church. ", "Maybe you’ve been hurt by fellow believers, disappointed by a pastor, disillusioned, even embittered. ", "But, living a “lone ranger” Christian life is not what God intended, and it will not help you worship, grow and minister. ", "You may look for a different body of believers with which to worship, but not being a part of one is just not an option for a disciple who claims to be following Christ. ", "If your eyes have been on people, on your wounds, or on the things that are wrong with the church, and you have dropped out, well, you are directly disobeying God’s command to “Not forsake the assembling together.” “", "The Church is not perfect because it’s full of spiritual caterpillars who–just like you and me–are half caterpillar and on their way to becoming butterflies. ", "But the Church is what Jesus has chosen to work through on earth. ", "You can’t remain a disconnected branch, no matter how bad the storm was.” (", "Ron Hutchcraft in A Word With You,” #4228). ", "The Church of Jesus is your spiritual home on earth. ", "If you’ve been away, it’s time to come home. ", "If you’ve never been attached, you need to be.", "\n\nForever His,\n\nPastor Dave\n\nAdvertisements\n\nShare this:\n\nLike this:\n\nLikeLoading...\n\nRelated\n\nAbout Pastor Dave\n\nUntil my retirement 2 years ago, I pastored an independent Bible church in Northwest Montana for nearly 38 years. ", "During that time I also helped establish a Christian school, and a Bible Camp. ", "I am married and have children and grandchildren. ", "The Wisdom of the Week devotional is an outgrowth of my desire to share what God is doing in my life and in our world, and to challenge you to be a part." ]

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[ "Score some free games with your next GPU\n\nThinking of upgrading your old GPU? ", "Well AMD have just the offer for you.", "\n\nHot on the heels of last year’s ‘Never Settle’ promotion which gave gamers the chance to snag free games with the purchase of a new graphics card comes ‘Never Settle: Reloaded’. ", "From now until December 31st 2013 gamers can get their hands on Bioshock: Infinite and Tomb Raider when they buy any 7800 series card or bag Bioshock: Infinite and Crysis 3 with any 7900 series card.", "\n\nGames will be distributed digitally upon release with Tomb Raider and BioShock: Infinite due to hit Steam on March 5th and March 26th respectively and Crysis 3 landing on Origin come February 19th. ", "The ‘Never Settle: Reloaded’ program is available more or less worldwide and you can find local participating retailers here." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAnt Build Failed\n\nI am trying to build an Android Project using Apache Ant through Command Line but it is giving me Build Failed with the following error statements:\nJava.io.", "IOException: Cannot run Program. \"..", "\\android_sdk\\platform-tools\\aapt.exe\" \nD:\\MediaSync\\build.xml:429: Execute failed: java.io.", "IOException: Cannot run program \"..\\android_sdk\\platform-tools\\aapt.exe\"\nI am new to this thing so i am not getting any idea how to get over this error. ", "Searched alot about it but still scratching my head..\nAnybody any idea about it then please tell me.", "\nEDIT: Here are parts of my Buil.xml file\n<!-- ", "General SDK location -->\n<property name=\"sdk-folder\" value=\"D:/sdk\" /> \n\n<!-- ", "Preset tools location -->\n<property name=\"android-platform-tools\" value=\"${sdk-folder}/platform-tools\"/> \n\n <!-- ", "Tools -->\n<condition property=\"aapt\" value=\"${android-platform-tools}/aapt.exe\" else=\"${android-platform-tools}/aapt\" >\n <os family=\"windows\"/>\n</condition> \n\n<!-- ", "Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. --", ">\n<target name=\"resource-src\" depends=\"init, localization, replace-template-values\">\n <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo>\n <exec executable=\"${aapt}\" failonerror=\"true\">\n <arg value=\"package\" />\n <arg value=\"-m\" />\n <arg value=\"-J\" />\n <arg value=\"${outdir-r}\" />\n <arg value=\"-M\" />\n <arg value=\"${outdir.manifest}/AndroidManifest.xml\" />\n <arg value=\"-S\" />\n <arg value=\"${resource-dir}\" />\n <arg value=\"-I\" />\n <arg value=\"${android-jar}\" />\n </exec>\n\n</target>\n\nA:\n\nMake sure aapt.exe is installed at the correct path relative to your build.xml file (../android_sdk/platform-tools). ", "That path is likely relative to your project, but not the build.xml.", "\n\nA:\n\nI encountered the same problem on a 64-bit fedora platform and finally worked it out following this: http://blog.mx17.net/2012/10/25/android-on-ubuntu-ioexception-on-aapt/\nIt had failed because of trying to run a 32-bit program on an 64-bit architecture. ", "\nMaybe this would help.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "<?", "php\n\n/*\n * This file is part of SwiftMailer.", "\n * (c) 2004-2009 Chris Corbyn\n *\n * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE\n * file that was distributed with this source code.", "\n */\n\n/**\n * Swift Mailer class.", "\n *\n * @author Chris Corbyn\n */\nclass Swift_Mailer\n{\n /** The Transport used to send messages */\n private $transport;\n\n /**\n * Create a new Mailer using $transport for delivery.", "\n */\n public function __construct(Swift_Transport $transport)\n {\n $this->transport = $transport;\n }\n\n /**\n * Create a new class instance of one of the message services.", "\n *\n * For example 'mimepart' would create a 'message.mimepart' instance\n *\n * @param string $service\n *\n * @return object\n */\n public function createMessage($service = 'message')\n {\n return Swift_DependencyContainer::getInstance()\n ->lookup('message.", "'.$service);\n }\n\n /**\n * Send the given Message like it would be sent in a mail client.", "\n *\n * All recipients (with the exception of Bcc) will be able to see the other\n * recipients this message was sent to.", "\n *\n * Recipient/sender data will be retrieved from the Message object.", "\n *\n * The return value is the number of recipients who were accepted for\n * delivery.", "\n *\n * @param array $failedRecipients An array of failures by-reference\n *\n * @return int The number of successful recipients. ", "Can be 0 which indicates failure\n */\n public function send(Swift_Mime_SimpleMessage $message, &$failedRecipients = null)\n {\n $failedRecipients = (array) $failedRecipients;\n\n // FIXME: to be removed in 7.0 (as transport must now start itself on send)\n if (!", "$this->transport->isStarted()) {\n $this->transport->start();\n }\n\n $sent = 0;\n\n try {\n $sent = $this->transport->send($message, $failedRecipients);\n } catch (Swift_RfcComplianceException $e) {\n foreach ($message->getTo() as $address => $name) {\n $failedRecipients[] = $address;\n }\n }\n\n return $sent;\n }\n\n /**\n * Register a plugin using a known unique key (e.g. myPlugin).", "\n */\n public function registerPlugin(Swift_Events_EventListener $plugin)\n {\n $this->transport->registerPlugin($plugin);\n }\n\n /**\n * The Transport used to send messages.", "\n *\n * @return Swift_Transport\n */\n public function getTransport()\n {\n return $this->transport;\n }\n}\n" ]

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