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tomekkorbak

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detoxify-pile-chunk3-3850000-3900000

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[ "Roy Schuiten\n\nRoy Schuiten (16 December 1950 – 19 September 2006) was a Dutch track and road racing cyclist. ", "After retirement he became a team manager before starting a restaurant.", "\n\nBackground\n\nSchuiten was a tall (), stylish rider who shone as an amateur. ", "He was the 1972 national pursuit champion, broke the amateur record for 4,000 m on an indoor track, and won numerous team time-trials. ", "He finished in fifth place in the individual pursuit and team pursuit events at the 1972 Summer Olympics. ", "He came close to not turning professional because his father died in a traffic accident in 1973. ", "He stopped cycling for a season to help his mother run the family wine and spirits business in Zandvoort. ", "The following year Schuiten's younger brother, Fred, took over the business and on 17 July 1974 Schuiten turned professional for the TI–Raleighteam run by Peter Post.", "\n\nTrack career\nSchuiten established himself with Raleigh by winning the world pursuit championship in September 1974, beating Ferdinand Bracke of Belgium in the final. ", "Bracke had been leading until an official indicated there were four laps still to ride when there were six. ", "Bracke faded and Schuiten won.", "\n\nSchuiten won again in 1975 by beating Knut Knudsen of Norway. ", "He won silver medals in 1976 and 1978. ", "He was national champion six times.", "\n\nIn 1975 Post encouraged Schuiten to attempt Eddy Merckx's world hour record in Mexico. ", "The frame-builder Jan Legrand made him a bicycle weighing only 5.7 kg. ", "but Schuiten failed at his two attempts, unable to cope with the rarified air of Mexico City. ", "Press criticism in the Netherlands was marked and Schuiten, demoralised, never again rode on the track at the same level.", "\n\nMain track achievements \n World championship : Team pursuit (amateurs), 3rd (1973)\n World championship : Individual pursuit, 1st (1974, 1975), 2nd (1976, 1978)\n European championship : Team pursuit, 3rd (1974)\n Sixdays of Berlin (GER), 1st (1974) (paired with René Pijnen)\n National championship : Individual pursuit (amateurs), 1st (1972, 1973)\n National championship : Individual pursuit, 1st (1974, 1975,1976, 1977, 1978, 1980), 2nd (1981)\n National championship : 50 km, 1st (1975)\n National championship : Motor-paced, 1st (1978)\n National championship : track, Scratch, 1st (1975)\n National championship : track, Omnium (amateurs) (1975)\n National championship : track, Omnium, (1975)\n\nRoad\n\nSchuiten rode the Tour de France twice (finishing 2nd and 3rd in time trials) the Giro d'Italia five times . ", "In 1975 he won the Rund um den Henninger-Turm. ", "He won the Grand Prix des Nations in 1974 and 1975. ", "He won the Trofeo Baracchi (1974 with Francesco Moser and in 1978 with Knut Knudsen), the GP Kanton Aargau Gippingen (1976) and the GP Forli (1979).", "\n\nHe changed teams frequently after leaving Raleigh in 1976, doing well in races up to a week long but best of all when riding against the clock.", "\n\nMain road achievements \n 1968: 1e in de ronde van Hasselt, Zevenaar, Harderwijk en Delden en clubkampioen\n 1971: 1e in NK op de weg, Militair \n 1974: 1e in 9e etappe Milk Race, Whitley Bay (GBR) \n 1974: 1e in 10e etappe Milk Race, Carlisle (GBR) \n 1974: 1e in Eindklassement Milk Race (GBR) \n 1974: 1e in Proloog Milk Race, Brighton (GBR) \n 1974: 1e in Eindklassement Olympia's Tour (NED) \n 1974: 1e in 7e etappe deel b Olympia's Tour, Oss (NED) \n 1974: (FRA)\n 1974: 1e in 2e etappe deel b Etoile des Espoirs, Fougères (FRA) \n 1974: 1e in Eindklassement Etoile des Espoirs (FRA) \n 1974: 1e in GP des Nations (FRA) \n 1974: 1e in Trofeo Baracchi (ITA) \n 1975: 1e in Made (NED) \n 1975: 1e in 2e etappe deel b Tour d'Indre-et-Loire, Chanceaux (FRA) \n 1975: 1e in Eindklassement Tour d'Indre-et-Loire (FRA) \n 1975: 1e in Rund um den Henninger Turm (GER) \n 1975: 1e in Zele (b) (BEL) \n 1975: 1e in Köln (GER) \n 1975: 1e in Maldegem (b) (BEL) \n 1975: 1e in GP des Nations (FRA) \n 1975: 1e in 4e etappe Etoile des Espoirs, Caen (FRA) \n 1975: 1e in GP Lugano, Chrono (SUI) \n 1976: 1e in GP Aix-en-Provence (FRA) \n 1976: 1e in GP Kanton Aargau Gippingen (SUI) \n 1976: 1e in 1e etappe Tour Méditerranéen, Aubagne (FRA) \n 1976: 1e in 2e etappe deel b Tour Méditerranéen, Mont Faron (FRA) \n 1976: 1e in Eindklassement Tour Méditerranéen (FRA) \n 1976: 1e in Poiré-sur-Vie (FRA) \n 1976: 1e in 6e etappe deel b Criterium du Dauphiné Libéré, Carpentras (FRA) \n 1976: 1e in Bussières (FRA) \n 1977: 1e in 5e etappe deel a Paris – Nice, Plan de Campagne (FRA)\n 1977: 1e in 5e etappe deel b Quatre jours de Dunkerque, Dunkerque (FRA) \n 1978: 1e in 3e etappe Ruota d'Oro (ITA) \n 1978: 1e in Levanger (NOR) \n 1978: 1e in Trofeo Baracchi (ITA) \n 1979: 1e in Essen (BEL) \n 1979: 1e in Ulvenhout (NED) \n 1979: 1e in GP Forli (ITA) \n 1981: 1e in 5e etappe Tirreno – Adriatico, San Benedetto del Tronto (ITA) \n 1981: 1e in Acht van Chaam (NED) \n 1982: 1e in Eindklassement Costa del Azahar (ESP) 1982: 1e in Proloog Costa del Azahar (ESP)\n\nRetirement and death\nAfter retirement in 1982 he became manager of PDM-Concorde in 1986 for a year. ", "He then moved to Portugal and started his own restaurant. ", "He died on 19 September 2006 in Praia de Carvoeiro, aged 55, from a stomach haemorrhage.", "\n\nSee also\n List of Dutch Olympic cyclists\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n\nCategory:1950 births\nCategory:2006 deaths\nCategory:Dutch male cyclists\nCategory:People from Zandvoort\nCategory:Olympic cyclists of the Netherlands\nCategory:Cyclists at the 1972 Summer Olympics\nCategory:UCI Track Cycling World Champions (men)\nCategory:Sportspeople from North Holland\nCategory:Dutch track cyclists" ]

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[ "Abstract\n\nThe focus of this thesis work is on the formation of new types of SAMs including DTPA and dialkyldiselenide on palladium substrates. ", "With major differences in the headgroups with thiolate SAMs, DTPA and dialkyldiselenide SAMs on palladium will help to reveal the interfacial structures of SAMs and other variations in the macroscopic properties. ", "We also investigated the binding behavior of the new SAMs molecules with palladium through XPS experiments." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "//\n// MPAdConfiguration.m\n// MoPub\n//\n// Copyright (c) 2012 MoPub, Inc. All rights reserved.", "\n//\n\n#import \"MPAdConfiguration.h\"\n\n#import \"MPConstants.h\"\n#import \"MPLogging.h\"\n#import \"math.h\"\n#import \"NSJSONSerialization+MPAdditions.h\"\n\nNSString * const kAdTypeHeaderKey = @\"X-Adtype\";\nNSString * const kClickthroughHeaderKey = @\"X-Clickthrough\";\nNSString * const kCustomSelectorHeaderKey = @\"X-Customselector\";\nNSString * const kCustomEventClassNameHeaderKey = @\"X-Custom-Event-Class-Name\";\nNSString * const kCustomEventClassDataHeaderKey = @\"X-Custom-Event-Class-Data\";\nNSString * const kFailUrlHeaderKey = @\"X-Failurl\";\nNSString * const kHeightHeaderKey = @\"X-Height\";\nNSString * const kImpressionTrackerHeaderKey = @\"X-Imptracker\";\nNSString * const kInterceptLinksHeaderKey = @\"X-Interceptlinks\";\nNSString * const kLaunchpageHeaderKey = @\"X-Launchpage\";\nNSString * const kNativeSDKParametersHeaderKey = @\"X-Nativeparams\";\nNSString * const kNetworkTypeHeaderKey = @\"X-Networktype\";\nNSString * const kRefreshTimeHeaderKey = @\"X-Refreshtime\";\nNSString * const kAdTimeoutHeaderKey = @\"X-AdTimeout\";\nNSString * const kScrollableHeaderKey = @\"X-Scrollable\";\nNSString * const kWidthHeaderKey = @\"X-Width\";\nNSString * const kDspCreativeIdKey = @\"X-DspCreativeid\";\nNSString * const kPrecacheRequiredKey = @\"X-PrecacheRequired\";\nNSString * const kIsVastVideoPlayerKey = @\"X-VastVideoPlayer\";\n\nNSString * const kInterstitialAdTypeHeaderKey = @\"X-Fulladtype\";\nNSString * const kOrientationTypeHeaderKey = @\"X-Orientation\";\n\nNSString * const kAdTypeHtml = @\"html\";\nNSString * const kAdTypeInterstitial = @\"interstitial\";\nNSString * const kAdTypeMraid = @\"mraid\";\nNSString * const kAdTypeClear = @\"clear\";\nNSString * const kAdTypeNative = @\"json\";\n\n@interface MPAdConfiguration ()\n\n@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *adResponseHTMLString;\n\n- (MPAdType)adTypeFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers;\n- (NSString *)networkTypeFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers;\n- (NSTimeInterval)refreshIntervalFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers;\n- (NSDictionary *)dictionaryFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers forKey:(NSString *)key;\n- (NSURL *)URLFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers forKey:(NSString *)key;\n- (Class)setUpCustomEventClassFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers;\n\n@end\n\n////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n\n@implementation MPAdConfiguration\n\n@synthesize adType = _adType;\n@synthesize networkType = _networkType;\n@synthesize preferredSize = _preferredSize;\n@synthesize clickTrackingURL = _clickTrackingURL;\n@synthesize impressionTrackingURL = _impressionTrackingURL;\n@synthesize failoverURL = _failoverURL;\n@synthesize interceptURLPrefix = _interceptURLPrefix;\n@synthesize shouldInterceptLinks = _shouldInterceptLinks;\n@synthesize scrollable = _scrollable;\n@synthesize refreshInterval = _refreshInterval;\n@synthesize adTimeoutInterval = _adTimeoutInterval;\n@synthesize adResponseData = _adResponseData;\n@synthesize adResponseHTMLString = _adResponseHTMLString;\n@synthesize nativeSDKParameters = _nativeSDKParameters;\n@synthesize orientationType = _orientationType;\n@synthesize customEventClass = _customEventClass;\n@synthesize customEventClassData = _customEventClassData;\n@synthesize customSelectorName = _customSelectorName;\n@synthesize dspCreativeId = _dspCreativeId;\n@synthesize precacheRequired = _precacheRequired;\n@synthesize creationTimestamp = _creationTimestamp;\n\n- (id)initWithHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers data:(NSData *)data\n{\n self = [super init];\n if (self) {\n self.adResponseData = data;\n\n self.adType = [self adTypeFromHeaders:headers];\n\n self.networkType = [self networkTypeFromHeaders:headers];\n self.networkType = self.networkType ? ", "self.networkType : @\"\";\n\n self.preferredSize = CGSizeMake([[headers objectForKey:kWidthHeaderKey] floatValue],\n [[headers objectForKey:kHeightHeaderKey] floatValue]);\n\n self.clickTrackingURL = [self URLFromHeaders:headers\n forKey:kClickthroughHeaderKey];\n self.impressionTrackingURL = [self URLFromHeaders:headers\n forKey:kImpressionTrackerHeaderKey];\n self.failoverURL = [self URLFromHeaders:headers\n forKey:kFailUrlHeaderKey];\n self.interceptURLPrefix = [self URLFromHeaders:headers\n forKey:kLaunchpageHeaderKey];\n\n NSNumber *shouldInterceptLinks = [headers objectForKey:kInterceptLinksHeaderKey];\n self.shouldInterceptLinks = shouldInterceptLinks ? [", "shouldInterceptLinks boolValue] : YES;\n self.scrollable = [[headers objectForKey:kScrollableHeaderKey] boolValue];\n self.refreshInterval = [self refreshIntervalFromHeaders:headers];\n self.adTimeoutInterval = [self adTimeoutIntervalFromHeaders:headers];\n\n\n self.nativeSDKParameters = [self dictionaryFromHeaders:headers\n forKey:kNativeSDKParametersHeaderKey];\n self.customSelectorName = [headers objectForKey:kCustomSelectorHeaderKey];\n\n self.orientationType = [self orientationTypeFromHeaders:headers];\n\n self.customEventClass = [self setUpCustomEventClassFromHeaders:headers];\n\n self.customEventClassData = [self customEventClassDataFromHeaders:headers];\n\n self.dspCreativeId = [headers objectForKey:kDspCreativeIdKey];\n\n self.precacheRequired = [[headers objectForKey:kPrecacheRequiredKey] boolValue];\n\n self.isVastVideoPlayer = [[headers objectForKey:kIsVastVideoPlayerKey] boolValue];\n\n self.creationTimestamp = [NSDate date];\n }\n return self;\n}\n\n- (Class)setUpCustomEventClassFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers\n{\n NSString *customEventClassName = [headers objectForKey:kCustomEventClassNameHeaderKey];\n\n NSMutableDictionary *convertedCustomEvents = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];\n if (self.adType == MPAdTypeBanner) {\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPiAdBannerCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"iAd\"];\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPGoogleAdMobBannerCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"admob_native\"];\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPMillennialBannerCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"millennial_native\"];\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPHTMLBannerCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"html\"];\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPMRAIDBannerCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"mraid\"];\n } else if (self.adType == MPAdTypeInterstitial) {\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPiAdInterstitialCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"iAd_full\"];\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPGoogleAdMobInterstitialCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"admob_full\"];\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPMillennialInterstitialCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"millennial_full\"];\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPHTMLInterstitialCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"html\"];\n [convertedCustomEvents setObject:@\"MPMRAIDInterstitialCustomEvent\" forKey:@\"mraid\"];\n }\n if ([convertedCustomEvents objectForKey:self.networkType]) {\n customEventClassName = [convertedCustomEvents objectForKey:self.networkType];\n }\n\n Class customEventClass = NSClassFromString(customEventClassName);\n\n if (customEventClassName && !", "customEventClass) {\n MPLogWarn(@\"Could not find custom event class named %@\", customEventClassName);\n }\n\n return customEventClass;\n}\n\n\n\n- (NSDictionary *)customEventClassDataFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers\n{\n NSDictionary *result = [self dictionaryFromHeaders:headers forKey:kCustomEventClassDataHeaderKey];\n if (!", "result) {\n result = [self dictionaryFromHeaders:headers forKey:kNativeSDKParametersHeaderKey];\n }\n return result;\n}\n\n\n- (BOOL)hasPreferredSize\n{\n return (self.preferredSize.width > 0 && self.preferredSize.height > 0);\n}\n\n- (NSString *)adResponseHTMLString\n{\n if (!_", "adResponseHTMLString) {\n self.adResponseHTMLString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:self.adResponseData\n encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];\n }\n\n return _adResponseHTMLString;\n}\n\n- (NSString *)clickDetectionURLPrefix\n{\n return self.interceptURLPrefix.absoluteString ? ", "self.interceptURLPrefix.absoluteString : @\"\";\n}\n\n#pragma mark - Private\n\n- (MPAdType)adTypeFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers\n{\n NSString *adTypeString = [headers objectForKey:kAdTypeHeaderKey];\n\n if ([adTypeString isEqualToString:@\"interstitial\"]) {\n return MPAdTypeInterstitial;\n } else if (adTypeString &&\n [headers objectForKey:kOrientationTypeHeaderKey]) {\n return MPAdTypeInterstitial;\n } else if (adTypeString) {\n return MPAdTypeBanner;\n } else {\n return MPAdTypeUnknown;\n }\n}\n\n- (NSString *)networkTypeFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers\n{\n NSString *adTypeString = [headers objectForKey:kAdTypeHeaderKey];\n if ([adTypeString isEqualToString:@\"interstitial\"]) {\n return [headers objectForKey:kInterstitialAdTypeHeaderKey];\n } else {\n return adTypeString;\n }\n}\n\n- (NSURL *)URLFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers forKey:(NSString *)key\n{\n NSString *URLString = [headers objectForKey:key];\n return URLString ? [", "NSURL URLWithString:URLString] : nil;\n}\n\n- (NSDictionary *)dictionaryFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers forKey:(NSString *)key\n{\n NSData *data = [(NSString *)[headers objectForKey:key] dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];\n NSDictionary *JSONFromHeaders = nil;\n if (data) {\n JSONFromHeaders = [NSJSONSerialization mp_JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingMutableContainers clearNullObjects:YES error:nil];\n }\n return JSONFromHeaders;\n}\n\n- (NSTimeInterval)refreshIntervalFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers\n{\n NSString *intervalString = [headers objectForKey:kRefreshTimeHeaderKey];\n NSTimeInterval interval = -1;\n if (intervalString) {\n interval = [intervalString doubleValue];\n if (interval < MINIMUM_REFRESH_INTERVAL) {\n interval = MINIMUM_REFRESH_INTERVAL;\n }\n }\n return interval;\n}\n\n- (NSTimeInterval)adTimeoutIntervalFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers\n{\n NSString *intervalString = [headers objectForKey:kAdTimeoutHeaderKey];\n NSTimeInterval interval = -1;\n if (intervalString) {\n int parsedInt = -1;\n BOOL isNumber = [[NSScanner scannerWithString:intervalString] scanInt:&parsedInt];\n if (isNumber && parsedInt >= 0) {\n interval = parsedInt;\n }\n }\n\n return interval;\n}\n\n- (MPInterstitialOrientationType)orientationTypeFromHeaders:(NSDictionary *)headers\n{\n NSString *orientation = [headers objectForKey:kOrientationTypeHeaderKey];\n if ([orientation isEqualToString:@\"p\"]) {\n return MPInterstitialOrientationTypePortrait;\n } else if ([orientation isEqualToString:@\"l\"]) {\n return MPInterstitialOrientationTypeLandscape;\n } else {\n return MPInterstitialOrientationTypeAll;\n }\n}\n\n@end\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nJavascript new Date() returning wrong date\n\nWhen I am converting milliseconds to date, its creating a wrong date.", "\nNumber of milliseconds : 1460226660, which is actually: 10 april 2016. ", "But it's showing me the following date : 17 January 1970, when I tried new Date(1460226660);\n\nA:\n\nI think your value is in seconds, not milliseconds, so try multiply it by 1000.", "\nnew Date(1460226660 * 1000)\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "A new genomic mechanism leading to cri-du-chat syndrome.", "\nUsing standard banding techniques, a within-arm intrachromosomal insertion can be mistakenly interpreted as a paracentric inversion. ", "The need to correctly distinguish between these two types of chromosome rearrangements is emphasized by their different reproductive risks. ", "For carriers of an intrachromosomal insertion, the empiric risk of having a liveborn child with a recombinant chromosome leading to a genetic imbalance is at least 15%, whereas the risk for a carrier of a paracentric inversion having a liveborn child with a recombinant chromosome leading to a genetic imbalance is thought to be practically negligible. ", "We report a unique observation in which a paracentric inversion in the short arm of chromosome 5, 46,XX,inv(5)(p13.3p15.3), was identified in a women who had a daughter with an apparently terminal deletion in the distal short arm of chromosome 5, 46,XX,del(5)(p14.3), and the clinical diagnosis of cri-du-chat syndrome. ", "We further characterized the rearrangement, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microsatellite analyses confirmed the paracentric inversion in the mother and showed the deletion in the daughter was maternal in origin. ", "Therefore, this represents a case in which a confirmed paracentric inversion likely resulted in a viable terminal deletion. ", "We propose a mechanism involving dicentric chromosome formation with subsequent breakage and telomere healing during meiosis. ", "This illustrates a new genomic mechanism of chromosome rearrangement leading to cri-du-chat syndrome and should provide significant information for the medical management of patients with other terminal deletion syndromes." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "“I was waitressing at Noodles, and (Diarmit) came in for Tuesday night prime rib with Donnie,” Johnson said in that interview. “", "They sat in a booth, and I gave him the money. ", "And if my memory serves me correctly, I think I picked up the bill for dinner, too. ", "But that was how that went. ", "It’s your brother. ", "It’s your family; they ask for help, and you just do it, that’s it. ", "Period.”" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Somehow, over time, we have forgotten the sentiment of gift-giving, especially during the holidays. ", "We choose something of materialistic superficial value and gift it as though it means something.", "\n\nBut the truth is that it only takes a few months for the other person to forget where they got their gift from. ", "It’s just a thing to them, a trinket. ", "And that is where we fail in the spirit of gift giving. ", "View full post »\n\nSuch a cutie pie! ", "Poor little guy didn’t feel so good during his families session last week! ", "I know buddy, blame it on this crazy Texas weather! ", "Patience and a little time is always needed during these times and luckily we were able to get some of the sweetest photos on him smiling! ", "Loved it and mom did too! ", "♥\n\nMet Jackeline a few months ago when I did sweet little Mathew’s newborn photos! ", "Such a handsome stud and have to say these, oh gosh! ", "Love how candid they are! ", "As a mom of 3 boys myself, I totally understand the sweet disfunction! ", "Cutes thing ever! ", "♥" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "The present invention relates to a drawer pull-out guide, including a carcass rail to be fixed to a furniture carcass, and a fastening portion for fixing the carcass rail to the furniture carcass. ", " \nThe fastening portion has a vertical limb configured to rest against the furniture carcass, and a transverse limb protruding from the vertical limb, and the transverse limb of the fastening portion is connected to a limb of the carcass rail, the limb of the carcass rail extending in a longitudinal direction of the carcass rail.", "\nAn extension rail is displaceably supported relative to the carcass rail in the longitudinal direction, and a rolling body is arranged between the carcass rail and the extension rail.", "\nThe rolling body is configured to be supported on a running limb of the carcass rail and/or on a running limb of the extension rail.", "\nDrawer pull-out guides are usually fixed to opposing side walls of a furniture carcass and enable a low-frictional movement of the drawer, in particular when the drawer is heavily loaded. ", "When the drawer bottom of the drawer is considerably loaded by storage items, there is frequently the problem that the extension rail, due to this loading, is tilted about an axis extending in the longitudinal direction relative to the carcass rail and is therewith also tilted to those rolling bodies which are provided between the carcass rail and the extension rail for load-transmitting purposes. ", "When the extension rail additionally includes a support portion for a drawer bottom, the lateral tilting moment acting on the extension rail is additionally increased by the loading of the drawer. ", "The tilting movement of the extension rail leads to a premature and uneven wear of the rolling bodies, so that the functionality of the drawer pull-out guide is adversely affected.", "\nIt is an object of the present invention to propose a drawer pull-put guide of the type mentioned in the introductory part, thereby avoiding the above drawback." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence evaluation of two different atorvastatin calcium 10-mg tablets: A single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy fasted Chinese adult males.", "\nAtorvastatin calcium is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor indicated for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and for the treatment of dyslipidemia. ", "Information on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in a Chinese population is lacking, and regulatory requirements necessitate a bioequivalence study for the marketing of a generic product in China. ", "The aim of the present study was to assess the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of a test and branded reference formulation of atorvastatin calcium 10-mg tablets in healthy fasted Chinese male volunteers. ", "This was a single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, 2-period crossover study with a 2-week washout period between doses. ", "Healthy Chinese males were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg of either the test or reference formulation, and 13 blood samples were obtained over a 48-hour interval. ", "Plasma concentrations of parent atorvastatin and ortho-hydroxy-atorvastatin (primary active metabolite) were simultaneously determined using a validated liquid chromatography-isotopic dilution mass spectrometry method. ", "Pharmacokinetic parameters, including C(max), T(max), t((1/2)), AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity)), were calculated. ", "The 2 formulations were to be considered bioequivalent if 90% CIs for the log transformed ratios of AUC and C(max) of atorvastatin were within the predetermined bioequivalence range (0.80-1.25 for AUC and 0.70-1.43 for C(max)) as established by the State Food and Drug Administration of China. ", "Tolerability was evaluated throughout the study by vital signs monitoring, physical examinations, 12-lead ECGs, and subject interviews on adverse events (AEs). ", "A total of 66 subjects were assessed for inclusion; 20 were excluded prior to study initiation. ", "Of the 46 healthy subjects (mean [SD] age, 24.1 [2.5] years; height, 170.8 [5.1] cm; weight, 64.6 [6.4] kg; body mass index (BMI), 22.1 [1.7] kg/m(2)) who completed the study, 45 subjects (mean [SD] age, 24.1 [2.5] years; height, 171.1 [4.9] cm; weight, 64.8 [6.3] kg; BMI, 22.1 [1.7] kg/m(2)) were included in the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence analyses; 1 subject was excluded from these analyses because he mistakenly received the same formulation in both periods. ", "No period or sequence effect was observed. ", "The mean values of C(max), AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity)) for the test and reference formulations of atorvastatin (8.78 and 10.76 ng/mL, 38.22 and 40.02 ng/mL/h, 42.73 and 44.51 ng/mL/h, respectively) and ortho-hydroxy-atorvastatin (5.78 and 5.77 ng/mL, 47.32 and 48.47 ng/mL/h, 52.36 and 53.14 ng/mL/h) were not significantly different. ", "The 90% CIs for natural log-transformed ratios of C(max), AUC(0-t), and AUC(0-infinity)) of both atorvastatin (0.73-0.91, 0.92-1.02, and 0.91-1.01, respectively) and ortho-hydroxy-atorvastatin (0.83-1.05, 0.92-1.02, and 0.93-1.02) were within the bioequivalence acceptance limits. ", "Three subjects (6.5%) reported a total of 4 mild AEs (1 abdominal discomfort and 3 venipuncture syncope), which were not considered to be associated with administration of the study drug. ", "This single-dose (20 mg) study found that the test and reference formulations of atorvastatin calcium 10-mg tablet met the regulatory definition for assuming bioequivalence in these healthy fasted Chinese male volunteers. ", "Both formulations were generally well tolerated in the population studied. ", "Chinese National Registry Code: 2007L02512." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Clinical significance of an extensor tendon anomaly to the little finger--a new finding.", "\nA new anatomical variation of extensor digiti minimi (EDM) was discovered during our anatomical studies. ", "The EDM usually gives one tendon to the little finger to extend the metacarpophalangeal joint (MPJ) independently from the other fingers. ", "The EDM in our cadaver had three tendon slips. ", "It supplied the MPJ of the little finger with two tendon slips. ", "Along with the extensor digitorum communis (EDC), the EDM also had an additional slip to the ring finger MPJ extensor hood apparatus. ", "The little finger also received a separate tendon from EDC." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Tools\n\nCategories\n\nNews Flash\n\nPublic Works\n\nPosted on: June 26, 2018\n\n2017 Annual Water Quality Report\n\nOnce again we are pleased to present our annual water quality report. ", "As in years past, we are committed to delivering the best-quality drinking water possible. ", "To that end, we remain vigilant inmeeting the challenges of new regulations, source water protection, water conservation, and community outreach and education, while continuing to serve the needs of all of our water users. ", "Thank you for allowing us the opportunity to serve you and your family.", "\n\nWe encourage you to share your thoughts with us on the information contained in this report. ", "After all, well-informed customers are our best allies." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nClick Event Not Firing - AJAX jQuery\n\nI am using data-file anchor tags to keep the user inside the web app.", "\nSample HTML\n<div class=\"products_content\"> \n<a data-file=\"salt.html?v=1\"><img src=\"assets/images/template/salt.jpg\" width=\"125\" height=\"125\" /></a> \n\nSample js \n$('.products_content a').on('click', function(){\n changePage( $(this).attr('data-file') );\n});\n\nThe click event isnt firing, and I have no idea why, because I am using very similar code for the Nav and it works fine. ", "\nAny help would be greatly appreciated. ", "\nHere is my changePage function, not sure if it is needed. ", "\nfunction changePage(fileName) {\n $('.content_container').animate({\n opacity: 0\n }, 500, function () {\n $('.content_loading_container').load('assets/content/' + fileName, function () {\n $('.content_container').delay(250).animate({\n opacity: 1\n }, 500);\n });\n if (fileName == 'home.html?v=1') {\n $('.page').addClass('home');\n } else {\n $('.page').removeClass('home');\n }\n if (fileName == 'services.html?v=1') {\n $('.content_container').addClass('services');\n } else {\n $('.content_container').removeClass('services');\n }\n });\n}\n\nA:\n\nin Sample HTML, there is no </div>, which might be a typo;\nYou may try delegate:\n$(document).delegate('.products_content a', 'click', function(){\n changePage( $(this).attr('data-file') );\n return false;\n})\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nCopying only non-empty cells into the HTML object which is being sent vie e-mail\n\nI have a script that copies a table from a Google Sheet into an e-mail which is being sent automatically every day (there is a trigger). ", "The table always starts in the cell K1 and it always has 6 columns, however, the number of rows is always different. ", "I want to account for it and make it sorta dynamic. ", "Here is the google script:\nfunction CheckShare() {\n // Fetch the monthly sales\n var Range = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheetByName(\"Daily AA Catergory Share\").getRange(\"I2\"); \n var result = Range.getValue();\n var data = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheetByName(\"Daily AA Catergory Share\").getRange(\"K1:P10\").getValues();\n\n var TABLEFORMAT = 'cellspacing=\"2\" cellpadding=\"2\" dir=\"ltr\" border=\"1\" style=\"width:100%;table-layout:fixed;font-size:10pt;font-family:arial,sans,sans-serif;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #ccc;font-weight:normal;color:black;background-color:white;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;font-style:normal;'\n\n var htmltable = '<table ' + TABLEFORMAT +' \">';\n\nfor (row = 0; row<data.length; row++){\n\nhtmltable += '<tr>';\n\nfor (col = 0 ;col<data[row].length; col++){\n if (data[row][col] === \"\" || 0) {htmltable += '<td>' + 'None' + '</td>';} \n else\n if (row === 0) {\n htmltable += '<th>' + data[row][col] + '</th>';\n }\n\n else {htmltable += '<td>' + data[row][col] + '</td>';}\n}\n\n htmltable += '</tr>';\n}\n\n htmltable += '</table>';\n Logger.log(data);\n Logger.log(htmltable);\n // Check totals sales\n if (result >0){\n // Fetch the email address\n var emailAddress = \"reports@gmail.com\";\n // Send Alert Email.", "\n var message = 'There are ' + result +' deviating metrics: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1AQEBTt919TIu92Gb9TeZRD3KpSm3L_WCHgTOmw/edit#gid=1525731698'\n + ' See the dashboard here: <link> ';\n var subject = 'Transaction Monitoring Alert: AA Share';\n MailApp.sendEmail(emailAddress, subject, message, {htmlBody:htmltable});\n }\n}\n\nThe current e-mail output looks likes this: \nI want it to exclude rows with values \"None\" (empty cells)\n\nA:\n\nUse .getDataRange() rather than .getRange(\"K1:P10\"), this should only return rows with actual data.", "\nvar data = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheetByName(\"Daily AA Catergory Share\").getDataRange().getValues();\n\nEdit:\nSince you can't use .getDataRange() to achieve your goal. ", "Try using .getLastRow() instead then passing that to your getRange(). ", "The below code should get the range of K1:Px (x = however many rows of data you have).", "\nvar dataSheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet().getSheetByName(\"Daily AA Catergory Share\");\nvar lastRow = dataSheet.getLastRow();\nvar data = dataSheet.getRange(1, 11, lastRow, 6).getValues();\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Sides (surname)\n\nSides is a surname. ", "Notable people with the surname include:\n\nDoug Sides (born 1942), American jazz drummer\nFrancis Sides (1913–1943), Australian cricketer\nHampton Sides (born 1962), American historian, writer and journalist\nJohn H. Sides (1904–1978), United States Navy admiral\nMarilyn Sides, American writer\nShawn Sides, American voice actress" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0008138713310472667, 0.0006631930591538548 ]

[ "Renal artery stenosis in kidney transplants.", "\nTransplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is an increasingly recognized complication of renal transplantation, with a reported incidence of between 1% and 23%. ", "The clinical features include refractory hypertension, new-onset hypertension, allograft dysfunction, and the presence of a bruit over the graft. ", "In this report, we describe the investigation and treatment of one such patient and review the current diagnostic approaches and therapy in this setting." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.000745067314710468, 0.0006636799080297351, 0.0007086907280609012, 0.0005223428597673774 ]

[ "Some molecular/crystalline factors that affect the sensitivities of energetic materials: molecular surface electrostatic potentials, lattice free space and maximum heat of detonation per unit volume.", "\nWe discuss three molecular/crystalline properties that we believe to be among the factors that influence the impact/shock sensitivities of energetic materials (i.e., their vulnerabilities to unintended detonation due to impact or shock). ", "These properties are (a) the anomalously strong positive electrostatic potentials in the central regions of their molecular surfaces, (b) the free space per molecule in their crystal lattices, and (c) their maximum heats of detonation per unit volume. ", "Overall, sensitivity tends to become greater as these properties increase; however these are general trends, not correlations. ", "Nitramines are exceptions in that their sensitivities show little or no variation with free space in the lattice and heat of detonation per unit volume. ", "We outline some of the events involved in detonation initiation and show how the three properties are related to different ones of these events." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006024152389727533, 0.0005526319146156311, 0.000635121890809387, 0.0005728784599341452, 0.0010210837936028838, 0.0005652880645357072 ]

[ "This special class has a single property called Source that can be set to any object; in this sample, it’s pointing to a named control inside the pages LayoutRoot (hence the single Binding.", "ElementName property set)\n\nIf you look a bit down the code, you’ll find the ApplicationBarIconButton.", "CommandParameter where this resource is getting referenced:\n\nXAML Namescope??", "\n\n…a XAML namescope stores relationships between the XAML-defined names of objects and their instance equivalents. ", "This is similar to the wider meaning of the term “namescope” in other programming languages and technologies.", "\n\nSo think of the XAML Namescope as a hash-table with each control name and it’s instance (something like IDictionary<string, FrameworkElement>).", "\n\nThe problem is that the page’s LayoutRoot control gets a different XAML Namescope from the page itself, so searching for a child control from inside the page just won’t work!", "\n\nThe following image illustrates the Namescope boundaries for a default new page:\n\nThis is where the NamescopeBinding helper class makes its entry: just register an instance of this class as a page resource and bind the NamescopeBinding.", "Source property to the control you require outside the LayoutRoot XAML Namescope as shown in the sample code, and that’s it!", "\n\nIn the BindableApplicationBar sample, if you actually attach the MultiApplicationBarBehavior to the LayoutRoot instead of the page, it will work perfectly without the need for the NamescopeBinding helper class.", "\n\nBut my advice is to always bind the ApplicationBarBehavior and MultiApplicationBarBehavior to the page as it will provide better integration and more fluid animation, and use the NamescopeBinding helper class if needed.", "\n\nI’ve created a small sample app that demonstrates the XAML Namescope behavior and how it affects your applications, which you can download from here.", "\n\nThe NuGet team released the 2.5 version yesterday, and along with a bunch of really cool new features, there was one I was particularly interested: the ability to import MSBuild targets and props files!", "\n\nThis means we can now have NuGet packages without any type of assembly, targeting only the project build process.", "\n\nAnd if you’ve read this article about the issue with the current build process for Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8 apps, where the Xml Documentation gets bundled in the output packages (APPX and XAP), I have some great news: no more need to change the project file manually, as I just published a NuGet package that does those changes for you!!", "\n\nAll you have to do is run the following command from the Package Manager console window:\n\nIf you have NuGet Package Manager extension installed on Visual Studio, just search for AppPackageCleanup to install the Package.", "\n\nNote: this package requires NuGet 2.5 as it won’t show up in the search results with previous versions of NuGet!", "\n\nThis simple class will test the ColorToBrushConverter.", "Convert method as to check for the proper creation of a SolicColorBrush out of a specific Color.", "\n\nWhen I ran the test, this is what happened:\n\nAs you can see here, we got an “Invalid cross-thread access” error message; this is the result of all tests running on a special “test app” inside the Emulator, but the really bad news is that they all run in a background thread.", "\n\nApparently, if this was a Windows Store app we could just change the [TestMethod] attribute with the proper [UITestMethod] one as to mark the requirement of running the test in the UI Thread, but unfortunately, the attribute is currently missing from the Windows Phone test framework!", "\n\nSo I decided to fix that and create my very own UITestMethodAttribute, and here it is:\n\nMore than just controlling the app bar from the ViewModel, the ApplicationBarBehavior adds some nice new properties that you can’t find in the native app bar control.", "\n\nSuch is the nature of the IsVisible property found in the buttons and menu items, allowing to change the app bar contents with some ease!", "\n\nTo demonstrate the IsVisible property, I’ll use the sample code from the previous article: this will generate an app bar with 3 buttons, the first two will appear when IsSelectionDisabled = true and the 3rd one will appear when IsSelectionEnabled = true (the opposite state).", "\n\nThis is the recorded animation of what the state changing causes to the application bar buttons visibility:\n\nAs you can see, it works perfectly! ", "Well, almost perfectly…\n\nIf you look really closely, you’ll notice that the animation doesn’t seem quite that smooth!", "\n\nThe Windows Phone Application Bar has been a true headache for developers since day one, given that this object is not a FrameworkElement.", "\n\nWhat this means is that we are unable to apply Styles or Templates to an ApplicationBar object, but most important, we are unable to bind to its properties, something that is a big issue when you what to use MVVM pattern in you apps.", "\n\nSurely MVVM is not a closed pattern, and as such there are alternatives to overcome this issue (like this one or this one)!", "\n\nIn my case, in order to access the ApplicationBar in my apps in a more “MVVM’ed” way, I created the ApplicationBarBehavior that you can find in the Cimbalino Windows Phone Toolkit!", "\n\nThis Behavior, when applied to a PhoneApplicationPage or it’s LayoutRoot element, allows to create and maintain a fully bindable Application Bar, and as such applying a more consistent MVVM pattern.", "\n\nIn this small code sample we can see the ApplicationBarBehavior and in it, some ApplicationBarIconButton (like you would do in the current one), and quickly we notice some new properties like Command, CommandParamenter, and IsVisible (something we can’t even find in the base Windows Phone ApplicationBar); obviously, even the properties Text and IconUri are bindable, allowing for easy localization! ;)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Hormonal regulation of thyroid peroxidase in normal and transformed rat thyroid cells.", "\nThe hormonal induction of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mRNA is studied in the functional rat thyroid cell line FRTL-5 and compared to the induction of thyroglobulin (TG) mRNA and I- uptake. ", "TPO and TG mRNAs are regulated by TSH and by insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and/or insulin. ", "However, while TPO is more sensitive to TSH regulation (5- to 6-fold increase vs. 2- to 3-fold increase by IGF-I), TSH and IGF-I are equally potent in increasing TG mRNA levels (3- to 4-fold). ", "Regulation of I- uptake appears to be different: thus TSH greatly (15-fold) increases I- uptake, while IGF-I or insulin are completely ineffective. ", "TPO and TG mRNAs and I- transport display different sensitivity to transformation of rat thyroid cells. ", "Thus, when another differentiated rat thyroid cell line, the PC cells, are transformed by human c-myc (PC myc), TPO and TG mRNAs are both present at normal levels, while I- uptake is slightly decreased; in the PC cells transformed by polyomavirus middle-T-antigen (PC PyMLV) TPO mRNA is undetectable and I- uptake is greatly decreased, while TG mRNA is present at normal levels. ", "All three differentiated functions are switched off in PC cells transformed by the cooperation of c-myc and polyomavirus middle-T-antigen (PC myc + PyMLV)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "A thousand akharas are blooming in Haryana as the State promises to nurture girls inspired by the Phogats and Sakshi Maliks.", "\n\nIt’s 3.30 p.m. on a clear day. ", "Balali village, in the Bhiwani district of Haryana, is slowly whirring to life after the siesta. ", "There’s a whiff of mustard in the air as the fields of yellow sway in the gentle breeze. ", "The serenity, however, barely seeps in to a hall adjoining the rabi crop where 11-year-old Komal Sangwan is giving the mats a hurried sweep. ", "In minutes, the hall would be packed with 20-odd children, Komal included, first warming up and then straining their sinews to instructions yelled out from the doorway.", "\n\nThe tough taskmaster in question: Mahavir Singh Phogat, father and coach to golden grapplers Geeta and Babita. ", "The father-daughters’ exploits, known in sporting circles for over half a decade, have entered the national conversation with the Aamir Khan-starrer Dangal, the Bollywood blockbuster that’s scripting a new collections high at the box office each passing day.", "\n\nThe ‘high notes’ have been years in the making, literally. ", "When he started training his two eldest daughters in 2000, Mahavir quickly became the black sheep of Balali. “", "My relatives, even my parents, would ask me, ‘Aren’t you ashamed that you are making pehelwans (wrestlers) out of girls?’ ", "When I used to say that my daughters would make a name for themselves and make the country proud, people used to laugh,” says Mahavir, as he sits outside the wrestling hall, Roxy, his pet pug, sleeping at his feet.", "\n\nThey laughed then, but the laughter turned to applause as Geeta and Babita went on to win the gold and silver medals respectively at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi. ", "Their sisters and cousins, Priyanka, Ritu, Vinesh and Sangita, also followed them into the sport, winning medals at international and national-level competitions.", "\n\nWinds of change\n\nAlong with the Phogat sisters and Sakshi Malik, bronze medal winner at the Rio Olympics in 2016, young girls in the State are increasingly taking to the sport as evidenced by the throng at the small wrestling centre Mahavir built on his land, complete with a running track through the fields, and elsewhere in the State. “", "When I started training my daughters there weren’t any akharas that allowed girls. ", "Now, there must be at least 50 akharas that train girls,” he says.", "\n\nIt’s not just that attitudes are changing, the State has also been investing in sports infrastructure, even allocating Rs.1.5 crore in the 2016-2017 budget for wrestling mats and weight-training equipment for akharas. ", "Apart from the State government’s wrestling centres, the Sports Authority of India also has three training facilities for the sport in Haryana in Hisar, Bhiwani and Sonepat. ", "But there is a lot more to be done. ", "With the right assistance, Mahavir says he can churn out “many Geetas”. ", "The Haryana Sports Department itself estimates that Rs.2.5 crore is needed to strengthen akharas.", "\n\nAt any rate, in a State with the lowest sex ratio in the country and where women have at different points been ‘banned’ from using cell phones and wearing jeans, the sight of girls wrestling and excelling at the sport has started a conversation. ", "Daya Kaur, Mahavir’s wife, has seen it first-hand. “", "From the time my daughters started wrestling to now, I can see some change. ", "But it’s not the majority that has changed. ", "Many still wish for a boy to be born, and take the birth of a girl in their family as a burden,” she says, as she peeks into the wrestling hall while bracing up for the evening chores.", "\n\nBudding wrestlers, mostly girls, jog in Balali village. ", "| Photo Credit: Akhilesh Kumar\n\nNine-year-old Neha Sangwan, the daughter of Balali sarpanch Amit Kumar Sangwan, has been training with Mahavir for two years. “", "She can do 600 push-ups,” says a village elder who is sitting outside and playing cards with friends. ", "It’s more like 100, clarifies Neha sheepishly.", "\n\nSarpanch Sangwan says the fact that young parents like him are encouraging their daughters to train with “Mahavir pehelwan” is an indication of change in the village. “", "It’s not just wrestling, but girls in the village are getting jobs in the paramilitary forces, in aviation and the government services. ", "Wrestling will open up opportunities for my daughter,” he says.", "\n\nFor girls like Neha, the next step is to move to a town as training centres there offer better facilities.", "\n\nThe Haryana Sports Department runs wrestling centres across the State, with the one at Rohtak’s Chhotu Ram Stadium boasting of many famous students, including Sakshi Malik.", "\n\nAbout 100 students, including 30 girls, train twice a day for up to six hours at the centre. ", "With photos of Sakshi Malik, double Olympic medallist Sushil Kumar and London 2012 medal-winner Yogeshwar Dutt hanging on the walls, the students’ aren’t short on inspiration.", "\n\nAlso Read For a level playing field\n\nMost of the girls are aged 16-24 and have come from villages across the State, with their families funding their stay. ", "They live by themselves in Rohtak, in single rooms on rent. ", "A typical day starts at 5 a.m., with the morning training session spanning from 6.30 a.m. to around 9 a.m. Then it’s back to the room, where they cook, clean and rest before the afternoon session from 3.30 p.m. to around 7 p.m., and back home in time for dinner. ", "Sunday is the only respite from this gruelling schedule, with the luxury of a few extra hours of sleep.", "\n\nFor 18-year-old Reena, who has been wrestling for seven years, while attitudes of those around her may be changing, society still needs to. “", "When I started winning medals, the people in my village started looking at me differently. ", "The biggest change was after Sakshi didi’s bronze medal in the Olympics. ", "But I feel it’s superficial support, they don’t really believe in us,” she says.", "\n\nBack home, girls are “married off” as soon as they finish Class X, says Reena in the middle of a training break. “", "Their mindset has not changed overall. ", "My village is about 2 km away, but my parents insist that I rent a room in Rohtak just to keep out the taunts of others,” she says.", "\n\nThe coach at the centre, Mandeep Singh, who also trains Sakshi Malik, however, insists attitudes are changing. “", "Just from talking to parents, we can see the change,” he says, as girls as young as eight years old are being dropped off and picked up twice a day at the centre by eager parents.", "\n\nThe wrestling boom\n\nIf the number of girls who are starting to take up the sport is any indication, then wrestling is booming in Haryana. ", "Coaches and training centres are finding it difficult to accommodate the rush.", "\n\nAt Rohtak’s Maharshi Dayanand University, about 100 students train under former national-level coach Ishwar Chand Dahiya, who used to run the Chhotu Ram Stadium centre till his retirement a few years ago. ", "It was there that he encountered Sakshi Malik and became her first coach.", "\n\nAt a cold early morning session at the university’s wrestling hall, Kiran Ahlawat can’t wait to get back on the mat. ", "The 16-year-old injured her shoulder trying to impress the coach and now has to look on while the others practise. ", "Wearing a pink hoodie and matching socks that peep out from a small hole in her shoes, Kiran is among 14 girls who train under Dahiya. “", "When I started training girls in 2003, even my relatives used to say ‘he’s gone mad’. ", "But I did not treat girls and boys differently,” says the genial coach as he watches over the students’ morning session.", "\n\nGirl wrestlers warming up at wrestling training centre of Chhotu Ram Stadium in Rohtak | Photo Credit: Akhilesh Kumar\n\nOne of the beginners at the centre is 11-year-old Sakshi Malik. ", "After her illustrious namesake became the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal for wrestling, Sakshi decided that she wanted to follow in her footsteps. ", "Every morning before school, and every afternoon after classes get over, she makes her way from her village, Kharawar, which is about half an hour away.", "\n\nFor the twenty-somethings, the wrestlers are grappling with the pressure to get married, but not in the same way as their peers. ", "Their families insist that they focus on their game, win accolades and then think of “settling down”. ", "Medals will give them an “upper hand” when it comes to prospective suitors, says a coach. ", "For now, the mat is where their focus is.", "\n\nSudesh Malik, 22, who is from Bhainswal Kalan village in Sonepat district but lives and trains in Rohtak, knows exactly how things have changed for her ilk. ", "Her parents had forced her to stop wrestling when she was younger. ", "Only an intervention from her coach could get them to agree. “", "When I started winning, they stopped objecting. ", "Now they support me completely. ", "In fact, when I meet my friends from the village, they tell me that I have it the best. ", "They’re all married. ", "They tell me not to get married,” she says.", "\n\nFor Sudesh, who competes in the 74-kg weight class, the growing participation of girls has meant more competition. “", "Earlier, there used to be only five to seven girls in my weight class. ", "Now, at national-level events, there are up to 25,” she says.", "\n\nGrappling with ground realities\n\nAnother wrestler at the session, 23-year-old Seema, says though wrestling gave her a “new life”, life back in her village has not changed much. “", "They talk about us behind our backs. ", "They say things like ‘wonder what she is up to’ and ‘what kind of clothes must she be wearing’,” she says.", "\n\nBut the villages the girls come from are a world away from the mats. ", "During an evening session, Dahiya shows the students some techniques. ", "The entire hall gathers around as he tackles a student to the ground. ", "As he stands on the sidelines giving instructions, he is interrupted by a girl asking permission to leave early. “", "The hostel warden isn’t allowing me to stay late,” says the undergraduate student. ", "The hostel she stays at has a fixed curfew for girls, 6 p.m., while boys are not required to adhere to any deadlines. ", "The coach says he will figure it out, speak to the authorities and ask for permission.", "\n\nMeanwhile, Sudesh and Seema are grappling on one side of the mat when they bump into two young men who have also just gone to the ground. “", "Move to your side,” yells one of the boys, pointing to the edge of the mat where the girls are supposed to practise. ", "Seema and Sudesh roll their eyes and carry on.", "\n\nTowards the end of the session, the young men and women practise with each other, as the coaches make sure that the doors and windows are closed. “", "I don’t let anyone, apart from parents, hang around the hall. ", "If they see girls and boys wrestling with each other, they’ll create a ruckus. ", "If this (points towards a girl and boy grappling) was happening in a village, there would be murder,” says one of the coaches.", "\n\nLeague of aspirations\n\nIn some time, it’s Sudesh who asks to leave. ", "The second edition of the Pro Wrestling League — a bid to professionalise the game on the lines of similar franchise models for cricket, hockey, badminton, kabaddi, etc. — ", "is starting and she wants to catch the first match on TV. ", "Coach Dahiya agrees, and tells all his students to watch “kushti on TV” as he wraps up the session.", "\n\nThe girls cycle frantically to Sudesh’s one-room house to make it in time for the opening. ", "With three teddy bears hanging on the wall and two dumb-bells on the floor next to the bed, Sudesh’s room is far removed from the staid wrestling hall where she spends hours each day.", "\n\nAs Sudesh peels amlas (gooseberries) and a beetroot for juice (it’s good for you after practice, she says), the programme begins. ", "Seema and Sudesh watch the bouts, talk about which of their favourites could win. ", "As the day winds down, Sudesh gets a call from her father. ", "She assures him that she’s taking care of herself and not exerting too much — she hasn’t competed in a “big competition” in about two years due to a knee injury. “", "But I’m getting better, getting the strength back,” she says, as images from the K.D. Jadhav stadium in Delhi play on in the background.", "\n\nFor many of the young girls in Haryana’s wrestling centres and akharas, getting to compete alongside international stars in a televised league is a new opportunity, complete with money, fame and the opportunity to learn. ", "But life is no breeze for the young women who appear to have “made it”.", "\n\nKiran and Indu Chaudhary have just completed their bouts on day three of the league. ", "With the deafening roar of cheering fans and drums still ringing in their ears, the Haryana Hammers teammates catch a breath. “", "If we give our best, then young girls and their families can see the possibilities. ", "It promotes the sport for the next generation,” says Indu, who is from Meerut in Uttar Pradesh. ", "Indu has had a tough bout and ended up injured. “", "Injury toh wrestler ka gehna hai,” says Kiran, to which Indu nods.", "\n\nIndu Chaudhary of Haryana Hammers in action against Bulgarian wrestler Elista Yankova in the Pro Wrestling League in New Delhi. ", "| Photo Credit: V.V. Krishnan\n\nWhether it is in the wrestling centres or the akharas or under the floodlights of a Delhi stadium, the assembly line coming out of Haryana augurs well for India’s sporting ambitions in the global arena even as it equalises opportunities and alters societal attitudes along the way. ", "There’s a new-found can-do spirit stemming from the successes of the Phogat sisters and Sakshi Malik. ", "Even in faraway Balali, where Neha Sangwan has set her sights on winning an Olympic medal. “", "Like Sakshi didi,” she says. ", "Only two notches better.", "\n\n“Gold.”" ]

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[ "SCP-287\n\nSCP-287\n\nItem #: SCP-287\n\nObject Class: Safe\n\nSpecial Containment Procedures: SCP-287 is stored in a climate controlled secure locker in Site-22 in order to prevent additional deterioration. ", "At this time, no additional testing is required, but may be approved by Dr. Sigurd Ólafsson. ", "Sources of electricity are to be kept away from SCP-287's locker at all times.", "\n\nIf testing with SCP-287 is required, insulated gloves are to be worn to prevent accidental discharge in to the hilt.", "\n\nSCP-287-1's remains are to be kept in storage until further notice. ", "Research requests for SCP-287-1 can be routed to Dr. Zartion and are restricted to Level 4 Personnel, or Level 2 Personnel from the exobiology department.", "\n\nDescription: SCP-287 is a Viking arming sword, measuring 78cm from pommel to tip and weighing 1077g. SCP-287 is in a state of significant decay due to exposure to outside elements for anywhere from 900 to 1100 years. ", "SCP-287 was found in ██████, Iceland, alongside several written records. (", "See Discovery Log)\n\nSCP-287 is comprised primarily of iron, with several potentially anomalous components incorporated into its structure. ", "Several of these materials have been detected by Foundation probes traveling within extra-solar regions of our galaxy, as well as probes which [REDACTED].", "\n\nCarbon dating has placed SCP-287's creation to around the early 10th century CE. ", "Samples of exo-planetary metals and materials have proven to be more difficult to date, and analysis is on-going.", "\n\nAn example of materials found with SCP-287\n\nSCP-287's anomalous effect can be observed when an electrical current is applied through the metallic portions of the hilt exposed just below the guard. ", "These exposed elements are in a noticeably better state than the iron portions of SCP-287. ", "SCP-287's internal components will begin to emit several frequencies of EM radiation and varying sounds invariably described as distressing by research staff and test subjects.", "\n\nRadiation produced by SCP-287 causes all humans who are exposed to it to experience acute audio-visual hallucinations and severe headaches. ", "SCP-287's specific hallucination takes the form of translucent human-like figures in the immediate vicinity, invariably outfitted as members of an armed force.", "\n\nThe armament and armor worn by SCP-287's hallucinations varies by subject, with a general trend towards the individual's perception of what they consider to be modern armament. ", "Testing with animals as well as non-anomalous EM fields and sounds of the exact same frequencies do not produce the same effect in any combination of cases.", "\n\nHigher amperage currents have increased this effect to a maximum of 437 individual hallucinations (See Document R27-287 for specific amperage/count levels). ", "Further testing was deemed unnecessary.", "\n\nSCP-287-1 is believed to be an extra-terrestrial organism, found in the same location as SCP-287. ", "The exact origin of SCP-287-1 is unknown at this time. ", "A full report on SCP-287-1 can be found in document R27-287-1. (", "See Addendum B for a partial report).", "\n\nSCP-287-1's potential spacecraft (Designated SCP-287-2) (See Addendum B for a partial report) appears to be completely destroyed. ", "The current working hypothesis for SCP-287-2 is that it was intended as some form of escape pod from a larger vessel.", "\n\nDiscovery: SCP-287 was recovered from a burial mound outside of ██████, Iceland, on January ██, 20██. (", "See Addendum A for details).", "\n\nThe remains found within the tomb proved to be non-human, and the Foundation took custody of SCP-287 and the remains were designated SCP-287-1. ", "SCP-287-1's remains are skeletal, and are humanoid, though significantly different from human skeletal structure. ", "Additionally, several written sources were found within the tomb, and acquired by the Foundation. ", "Dr. Sigurd Ólafsson was consulted to help translate the writing, which is attached below (See Addendum A).", "\n\nAddendum A Close Addendum Prepared by the Department of Terra-Linguistics The discovery of SCP-287 was predicated upon reports of \"ghost soldiers\" in an area outside of ██████, Iceland. ", "A recent storm had struck the burial mound containing SCP-287, conducting current into SCP-287 through a crude lightning rod made of iron. ", "The hallucinations created by SCP-287 affected an amateur film crew. ", "The crew informed local authorities, and Foundation information gathering subroutines flagged these reports as potentially anomalous. [", "Keywords: Ghost, Specter, Crazy, Kids, Hallucination with a double-correlation factor of Gamma-6] Class A amnestics were administered to all witnessing parties, and the burial site was declared a \"Heritage Dig Site\" through a Foundation shell corporation. ", "Within the burial mound, Foundation agents discovered SCP-287, SCP-287-1 and additional written materials dating back to the early 10th century CE. ", "A transcription was created by Dr. Sigurd Ólafsson. ", "Unintelligible sections are most likely proper nouns with no direct translation. ", "I am Halvor Skadison, Skald of [Unintelligible] and I have been trusted with the tale of Thor's champion, the Meteor Lord. ", "In the depths of winter, the year after the great raid, we saw a fiery meteor in the sky. ", "It landed deep in the heart of the northern wastes, and we followed it. ", "A wondrous thing it was, gleaming, and covered in ghost-lights. ", "We approached, and found a man standing in a heavy cloak, examining the meteor. ", "The ghost-lights went dark, and the figure pressed his hand to the outside of the star. ", "A wondrous light filled our eyes, as the star opened. ", "He disappeared into the meteor, and emerged to look at us with such fiery determination in his eyes, we knew he could only be a king, sent to us from Odin himself. ", "He would protect us from the raids, and we would know prosperity again. ", "Our prayers had been answered. ", "Daily did the elders of our village come to his resting site, but his own tongue was blessed only to speak the language of the Aesir. ", "Weeks passed, as he learned our language. ", "When he learned of our plight, he appeared to grow angry, and charged back to the meteor, to fashion himself a mighty weapon, with which to defend the village. ", "Weeks later, he emerged, with a sword in his hand, gleaming and mighty. ", "He held it aloft, and his power was made manifest. ", "Ghostly warriors, heroes from Valhalla stood around him, brandishing weapons. ", "We threw ourselves on the ground, our heads aching with the glory of these Valhalla warriors, and this pleased the Meteor Lord. ", "For years, when the raids came, we ran in supplication to the Meteor Lord. ", "He emerged, and all fled from his flashing blade and burning eyes. ", "We marked the way to the Meteor Lord's home with the cairn stones. ", "During the battle of [unintelligible], the Meteor Lord's fall came. ", "His powers failed him, and Odin recalled him to Valhalla. ", "We buried him with all the honor we could muster, and fashioned a conduit for the great storms from Thor. ", "On stormy nights, the heroes still come and watch over our village, their glory splitting the head of any man who dare look upon them." ]

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[ "Background Information for the Genetic System Search for Technical Analysis Program\n\nTechnical Analysis\n\nMany investors study the movement of market prices and volumes and base their decisions upon such technical analysis.", "\n\nA Typical Investment System\n\nEnter a long order when the closing price of the stock is greater than the 60-day exponential moving average of the high price.", "\n\nClose the order when the closing price of the stock falls below the 30-day simple moving average of the closing price.", "\n\nThe construction of an successful investment system is often time-consuming and must be performed periodically as market conditions change. ", "Furthermore, a system that works well for one stock may not be profitable for another stock.", "\n\nCommentary on Technical Analysis in the Blog\n\nEvolutionary Computation and Genetic Programming\n\nGenetic programming and the related genetic algorithms are forms of evolutionary computation, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI). ", "These automated methods use the Darwinian mechanism of evolution to arrive at a solution more quickly than techniques such as exhaustive search.", "\n\nThe genetic algorithm randomly creates a large population of candidate systems. ", "Then by a Darwinian process, the program searches through several generations of evolution for the most fit solution. ", "The program ends when no improvements can be made.", "\n\nThe Power of the Fitness Function\n\nAs an additional benefit, further enhancements are possible by adding terms to the fitness formula of the genetic programming algorithm. ", "In the case of GSSTA the program is tuned to minimize drawdown and the volatility of trade returns. ", "That’s not possible with an exhaustive search. ", "The technique of evolutionary computation combined with modern computer programming results in a clever solution to an often unwieldy problem." ]

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[ "HBV infectivity among Nigerians.", "\nThe study involved 60 (non-immunized), 14 (immunized against HBV), healthy Nigerian adults and 28 Nigerian patients with hepatitis. ", "Their sera were tested for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV while only 15 subjects with chronic hepatitis had HBV DNA assay by PCR. ", "The subjects aged 21 to 72 years and comprised 75 male and 27 female adults. ", "The prevalence of HBV infection by HBsAg and/or anti-HBc sero-positivity was 55.9%. ", "Only HBsAg and anti-HBs were detectable in 21% each among immunized while HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, anti-HBs were present in 58%, 20%, 6%, 32%, and 42% respectively in the non-immunized subjects. ", "HBV DNA was positive in 86.7% of the 15 subjects. ", "About fifty five percent of all subjects were infectious of HBV with 13.7%, 3.9%. ", "32.3% and 4.9% accounting for high, medium, low and very low infectivity respectively while 44.1% and 1% of the subjects were susceptible and naturally immuned to HBV respectively. ", "Coinfection with HCV tends to favour HBV infectivity. ", "In conclusion, the infectivity of HBV among Nigeria is varied but high and a great proportion of the population is susceptible." ]

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[ "Introduction {#sec1}\n============\n\nThe diverse biological activities and favorable properties of chemically constrained cyclic peptides make them an attractive format for applications in research and drug development.^[@ref1],[@ref2]^ Besides enhanced binding affinities and target specificities of constrained cyclic peptide scaffolds, they are able to interact with rather flat, featureless surfaces of proteins and therefore can efficiently target protein--protein interactions that are difficult to address by small molecules.^[@ref3]^ Furthermore, the oral bioavailability for the therapeutic application of small cyclic peptides has already been demonstrated.^[@ref4],[@ref5]^ In comparison to linear peptides, small cyclic peptides show higher proteolytic stability.^[@ref4]^ Heinis and Winter developed a phage display-based methodology for the selection of chemically modified peptides.^[@ref6]−[@ref8]^ Inspired by the flexible regions of antibodies, their generated phage library presents peptides that contain two variable hexapeptide loops flanked by three cysteines.^[@ref8]^ Under physiological conditions, the comparatively high nucleophilicity of the sulfhydryl moiety of cysteine enables the selective reaction with certain electrophilic trivalent linker molecules like, e.g., tris(bromomethyl)benzene (TBMB) to generate bicyclic peptides.^[@ref9]^ To amplify the spectrum of potential applications, herein, we suggest to expand the one-step modification method on phage toward a two-step reaction by introducing the tetravalent linker *N*,*N*′,*N*″,*N*‴-(adamantane-1,3,5,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(2-bromoacetamide) (NATBA, **8**). ", "During the first step, the symmetrical tetravalent linker is efficiently modified by the three cysteine residues contained in every peptide of the phage library, leaving the fourth reactive position unmodified. ", "In the second step of the protocol, this fourth position can be functionalized by a broad variety of sulfhydryl-bearing probes, warheads, linkers, tools, or drugs. ", "Following this approach, the two-step modification allows the phage display of bicyclic peptide libraries that already bear a functional additive attached to the adamatane-based linker on phage during the selection process against any target. ", "This tool kit strategy facilitates the development of novel peptide hybrids for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. ", "The tetrahedral symmetry of the adamantane scaffold is an attractive feature that fulfills the requirements for the development of a tetravalent linker molecule. ", "To retain the symmetry, the sulfhydryl-reactive moieties had to be attached to the four bridgehead carbon atoms of the adamantane structure. ", "Because of its most suitable sulfhydryl-reactivity, the bromoacetyl group was chosen over other alternatives as the terminal reactive moiety forming a covalent thioether bond. ", "To develop the two-step modification protocol, suitable test additives were required. ", "Biotin and fluorescein as commonly used and easily accessible tools have been chosen as they provide various assay development possibilities. ", "Commercially available 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (Flc) and biotin are easy to equip with sulfhydryl groups by a simple one-step coupling reaction of 2-aminoethane-1-thiol to the respective carboxy moiety. ", "These amide coupling reactions result *N*-(2-mercaptoethyl)-fluorescein-5(6)-carboxamide (FlcSH, **9**) and *N*-(2-mercaptoethyl)biotinamide (BiotinSH, **10**). ", "Furthermore, we wanted to investigate the possibility to develop a two-step modification protocol that allows the attachment of larger much bulkier additives like peptides. ", "For this purpose, the amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide FΦRRRR (FΦR~4~, Φ = [l]{.smallcaps}-2-napthylalanine)^[@ref10]−[@ref12]^ was synthesized containing an N-terminal cysteine bound to 6-aminohexanoic acid (6-Ahx) as a linker that allows the flexible attachment to the peptide-linker construct. ", "This additive is herein abbreviated as χFΦR~4~ (χ = Cys-6-Ahx).", "\n\nResults and Discussion {#sec2}\n======================\n\nChemistry {#sec2.1}\n---------\n\nThe most reasonable synthetic route for the attachment of bromoacetyl moieties to the four bridgehead-carbon atoms of adamantane is the conjugation of respective bromoacetic acids via amide bond formation to 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane (**7**, see [Scheme [1](#sch1){ref-type=\"scheme\"}](#sch1){ref-type=\"scheme\"}). ", "Synthetic routes toward functionalized adamantanes have been previously described.^[@ref13]−[@ref15]^ The most common method for the effective fourfold activation of the bridgehead carbon atoms of adamantane is the aluminum chloride catalyzed bromination. ", "Commercially available adamantane (**1**) was applied as starting material. ", "The catalyzed bromination toward the corresponding 1,3,5,7-tetrabromoadamantane (**2**) was performed with a good yield of 68% using elemental bromine and aluminum chloride under reflux conditions for 10 h.^[@ref15]^ The following reaction for **3** was performed with sodium cyanate in dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent under direct UV (254 nm) light excitation by a 150 W low-pressure mercury vapor lamp. ", "Different conditions were tried and the reaction was controlled by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. ", "A reaction time of 6 h and stirring under argon atmosphere gave optimal results. ", "Longer reaction times did not lead to significantly higher yields but to the formation of additional side products. ", "Maintaining the reaction temperature below 25 °C resulted in significantly less formation of undesired side products. ", "After purification, we obtained **3** in 89% yield. ", "Nitrile hydrolysis for the corresponding carbonic acid (**4**) was performed under pressure and elevated temperatures using aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. ", "After a reaction time of 6 h, the free acid **4** was precipitated by acidification of the reaction mixture. ", "The hydrolysis led to a good yield of 70% for compound **4**. ", "The synthesis of **7** was performed via Curtius rearrangement. ", "First, **5** was generated by refluxing **4** in thionyl chloride and a catalytic amount of dimethyl formamide. ", "After 3 h of reaction, the solvent was removed to yield **5** without further purification and characterization. ", "Compund **5** was converted into the azide **6** by the addition of sodium azide in cold acetone. ", "After 2 h of stirring at room temperature, the excess sodium azide and generated sodium chloride were removed by filtration. ", "The careful evaporation of the solvent yielded the tetraazide **6** as an oil. ", "Due to the general instability of organic azides, **6** was not further characterized by ^1^H and ^13^C NMR analysis and directly applied in the following reaction. ", "The corresponding 1,3,5,7-tetraisocynatoadamantane was generated by refluxing **6** in dichloroethane for 10 h. After removing the solvent, the tetrahydrochloride of **7** was generated by the addition of aqueous concentrated hydrochloric acid. ", "After 1 h under reflux conditions, the aqueous phase was removed and the addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide resulted in crude **7**. ", "Sublimation of the solid at 200 °C and 5 mbar yielded pure **7** with a good yield of 71% with respect to the carbonic acid (**4**).", "\n\n{#sch1}\n\nFirst attempts to synthesize the desired final linker molecule **8** by the reaction of **7** with 2-bromoacetyl chloride, 2-bromoacetyl bromide, 2-chloroacetyl chloride, or 2-chloroacetyl bromide in different solvents and under varying conditions failed. ", "One hypothesis for this is the possible formation of highly reactive ketenes out of acyl halides bearing at least one hydrogen at the α-carbon atom in the presence of amines.^[@ref16]^ To overcome this problem, the desired amide formation between the bromoacetic acids and **7** was evaluated using different coupling reagents, like HBTU, PyBOP, PyBroP, PyOxim, bases, and solvents. ", "Among all tested conditions, the reaction with PyOxim in dimethyl formamide as solvent and diisopropylamine as a base gave the best yields for **8** with 39%. ", "First, the 4.1-fold amount of the respective haloacetic acid was activated for 20 min with an equimolar amount of PyOxim in the presence of an excess diisopropylamine as a base. ", "Subsequently, the activated acid mixture was added to a suspension of **7** in dimethyl formamide. ", "After a reaction time of 30 min, no further starting material could be detected by TLC analysis. ", "Longer reaction times did not lead to significantly higher yields but to the formation of additional side products. ", "The use of more equivalents or a stepwise addition of activated acid did not change the results. ", "Subsequently, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and directly purified over a C~8~-modified reversed-phase silica column by using a water/acetonitrile gradient. ", "Product-containing fractions were directly flash frozen and lyophilized yielding the desired compound **8** with an overall yield of approximately 12% with respect to adamantane (**1**).", "\n\nDevelopment of the Two-Step Modification Strategy {#sec2.2}\n-------------------------------------------------\n\nThe implementation of NATBA as a linker in phage display-based screening of bicyclic peptides requires a selective and almost quantitative chemical modification of the peptides presented by phages under physiological conditions.^[@ref6],[@ref8]^\n\nIt is crucial for the success of the phage display to retain phage infectivity after peptide modification and the variations of reaction conditions, like the choice of solvent, pH, and temperature, are limited by phage stability. ", "For the investigation of the sulfhydryl reactivity of the newly synthesized linker NATBA, we chose a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) controlled strategy for the optimization of the reaction conditions. ", "As a positive control, we monitored the reaction process of the cyclization linker TBMB with the test peptide TPA (NH~2~-ACEGMINSCEKSDYECG-CONH~2~, 1839.1 Da) under reaction conditions published by Heinis et al. (", "20 mM NH~4~CO~3~, 5 mM EDTA, pH 8, 30 °C) over time by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.^[@ref9]^ In less than 5 min, the linear test peptide TPA was almost quantitatively (\\>95%) cyclized to form the desired bicycle peptide TPA-TBMB. ", "However, the TPA-TBMB bicyclic peptide continued to react with excess TBMB (1.5 equiv) upon extended reaction time (\\>10 min) ([Figure S2](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.8b01814/suppl_file/ao8b01814_si_001.pdf), Supporting Information). ", "The reaction of NATBA was investigated under varying reaction conditions. ", "Different buffers, pH values (6--8), acetonitrile concentrations, and temperatures were tested. ", "The best results were achieved using a HEPES buffer at pH 8, 15% acetonitrile, and 30 °C (see [Figure [1](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "At pH 6, the reaction proceeded too slowly. ", "After 1 h of reaction, about 50% conversion could be detected. ", "As expected, the reaction rate of NATBA increased when choosing the pH values closer to the p*K*~S~ of cysteine. ", "At pH 7, the reaction was nearly completed after 30 min. ", "This optimization process led to pH 8 for buffering and a reaction time of less than 10 min.", "\n\n{#fig1}\n\nThus, for the second reaction step, the respective additives (FlcSH, BiotinSH, cFΦR~4~, see [Figure [2](#fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}](#fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}) were added after step 1 (reaction of test peptide TPA with NATBA for 10 min at pH 8 and 30 °C using 20 mM HEPES and 15% acetonitrile). ", "Dependent on the added molecule, the reaction yielding the desired functionalized bicycle took between 30 and 60 min. ", "The best overall conversions were achieved by using 1.05 equiv of NATBA and 1.0 equiv of respective additive minimizing the formation of multiple conjugation products formed by excess of additives or linker molecules. ", "At the beginning of the development phase, the approach to precouple NATBA (**8**) with a functionalization molecule was also intended. ", "However, the synthesis turned out to be particularly difficult because the multicoupled byproducts are very difficult to separate from the singly coupled product. ", "Due to very low yields, this approach was not pursued. ", "It should be noted that the reaction of a planar, trivalent linker such as TBMB with a peptide with two variable cysteine-free sequences flanked by three cysteines can only generate one single species of bicyclic peptides. ", "In comparison to that, the reaction between a tetravalent linker and a peptide of the same type could result in two stereo isomers, most likely giving a mixture of these two species. ", "Starting from a peptide library of the format CX~6~CX~6~C, where a fourth cysteine can appear in any of the randomized amino acid positions (X), Chen et al.^[@ref17]^ generated a combinatorial library of bicyclic peptides by oxidization of these four cysteines to two pairs of cystines. ", "During the selection process, a strong enrichment of peptides with four cysteines was observed, yielding binders to protein targets in the low micromolar range. ", "This approach demonstrated that also phage display of bicyclic peptides with two or even more different possible regioisomers per phage (about five peptide copies are displayed per phage^[@ref9]^) is able to generate potent peptide binders.^[@ref17]^\n\n![", "Two-step reaction of NATBA with test peptide TPA (NH~2~-ACEGMINSCEKSDYECG-CONH~2~, 1839.1 Da) and the additives χFΦR~4~, FlcSH, and BiotinSH measured by MALDI-TOF. ", "Reaction conditions: 20 mM HEPES, 15% acetonitrile, pH 8.0, 30 °C, 0.5 mM TPA, and 1.05 equiv NATBA. ", "TPA-NATBA: 2276.4 Da. ", "TPA-NATBA-FlcSH: 2629.9 Da, 2654.0 Da \\[M + Na^+^\\]^+^, TPA-NATBA--BiotinSH: 2497.5 Da, and TPA-NATBA-χFΦR4: 3396.9 Da.](ao-2018-01814r_0002){#fig2}\n\nPhage Affinity Selection of Functionalized Peptides {#sec2.3}\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nThe phage display-based methodology for the selection of chemically modified peptides developed by Heinis and Winter^[@ref6],[@ref8]^ served as a framework for the implementation of the newly developed two-step tool kit concept. ", "The phage library with a complexity of 8.8 × 10^7^ different clones presenting linear peptides of the format ACX~6~CX~6~CG-phage (X = all natural occurring amino acids except cysteine) was prepared with minor modifications as described in the literature (see [Supporting Information](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.8b01814/suppl_file/ao8b01814_si_001.pdf)).^[@ref9]^ In general, it has to be assumed that after the preparation of the phages, the cysteine-rich peptide library is partly oxidized. ", "Therefore, it is essential to reduce the potentially oxidized peptides before modification. ", "Heinis and co-workers have implemented this reduction of phages via tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) into their protocol.^[@ref7]−[@ref9]^ This includes a stepwise dilution procedure of the reducing agent by using centrifugal filters. ", "We developed a faster and more effective TCEP removal step by purifying the reduced phages over a Sephadex desalting column. ", "Subsequently, the linear peptides were selectively modified by the two-step modification under optimized conditions using NATBA as a linker and FlcSH as an additive. ", "The phage-encoded bicyclic peptide library was subjected to three iterative rounds of affinity selection against the model target (rabbit anti-goat IgG (H + L) Superclonal Secondary Antibody) using this modification protocol. ", "After each selection, the captured phages were eluted by treatment with low pH buffer and rescued by infecting *E. coli*. ", "After the third iterative round, individual clones were selected and sequenced revealing the respective amino acid sequences (see [Figure [3](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}A). ", "We were pleased to find strong consensus motifs within the resulting peptides sequences as a clear indication for target-specific binding. ", "Most of the similarities are found in the N-terminal part of the first loop, consisting predominately of Leu, His, and Phe/Tyr. ", "In the second loop, the highest conserved position is likewise the most N-terminal amino acid next to the central Cys, showing a strong preference for polar or acidic residues (Ser, Asp, Gln). ", "None of the isolated sequences were found with an abundance higher than 3. ", "This may indicate that the affinities are in a similar range. ", "To confirm the affinity against the model target, a magnetic bead-based pulldown experiment was performed. ", "Six individual selected sequences representing different sequence motifs were synthesized and functionalized with BiotinSH (**10**). ", "As a negative control, a sequence (JK38) sharing no observable similarity to any of the chosen motifs was used. ", "The BiotinSH-functionalized peptides were captured by streptavidin immobilized on magnetic beads ([Figure [3](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}B). ", "After incubation with the target protein and five washing cycles, each pulldown experiment was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) ([Figure [3](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}C). ", "For all of the analyzed sequences, except the negative control, the light and the heavy chain of the rabbit anti-Goat IgG antibody was clearly detected as an indicator of the successful capturing by the respective functionalized peptide.", "\n\n![(", "A) Peptides isolated in phage selections against recombinant rabbit anti-goat IgG. Amino acid sequences are displayed using CLC-sequence viewer^[@ref18]^ and colored in the Rasmol color scheme.^[@ref19]^ The frequency with which each peptide sequence was found is noted under \"abundance\". (", "B) Graphical representation of the pulldown strategy. (", "C) SDS-PAGE of the pulldown experiment performed with the sequences as indicated. ", "Sequence JK38 was applied in the pulldown experiment as a negative control. ", "The molecular weight (MW) of the IgG heavy chain is approx. ", "50 kDa. ", "The MW of the light chain is approx. ", "25 kDa. ", "The band at 17 kDa represents the ubiquitously high levels of streptavidin (16.8 kDa) washed from the magnetic beads after the pulldown experiment.](ao-2018-01814r_0003){#fig3}\n\nConclusions {#sec3}\n===========\n\nWe were able to demonstrate that bicyclic peptides can efficiently be formed and functionalized by different additives in two consecutive reaction steps using the herein presented tetravalent linker NATBA (**8**) and applying the optimized reaction conditions provided in our protocol. ", "Implementing this novel NATBA modification concept into phage display, we could finally isolate functionalized bicyclic peptides that bind recombinant rabbit anti-goat IgG antibody as a model target. ", "The successful capturing of the target protein in pulldown experiments by six different selected peptides containing biotin suggests furthermore that the spatial orientation of the functionalized peptide construct might allow exchanges at the fourth position of the linker without a complete loss of affinity. ", "However, current data do not allow a clear statement how far functionalization affects final affinity. ", "The synthesis of the sulfhydryl-reactive NATBA (**8**) described here provides a general route toward the symmetric tetravalent linkers that enables, in addition to the presented concept, also the generation of globular tricyclic peptides. ", "Further use of this approach is currently under investigation. ", "In summary, NATBA is the center of a tool kit directly linking affinity selection by phage display to functionalization of the bicycles within the selection process.", "\n\nExperimental Section {#sec4}\n====================\n\nChemicals and Reagents {#sec4.1}\n----------------------\n\nAll the chemicals and reagents were obtained from commercial sources and used as received unless otherwise noted.", "\n\n### 1,3,5,7-Tetrabromoadamantane (**2**) {#sec4.1.1}\n\nThis reaction was performed with minor modifications as described in the literature.^[@ref20]^ A mixture of anhydrous aluminum chloride (30 g, 0.23 mol) and bromine (15 mL, 0.39 mol) was cooled to 0 °C. ", "Adamantane (**1**) (7.5 g, 55.1 mmol) was added carefully in small portions through a solid addition funnel. ", "Subsequently, the reaction mixture was slowly heated up and refluxed. ", "HBr gas that evolved was passed through a second flask containing concentrated aqueous sodium bisulfite. ", "When no more HBr gas evolved (about 10 h), small portions of cooled saturated sodium bisulfite solution (100 mL) and aqueous HCl (4 N, 100 mL) were added to the reaction mixture under intense cooling. ", "The resulting dark yellow oily precipitate was taken up in acetone (100 mL). ", "To the resulting dark brown solution, water was added in steps of 150 mL each to precipitate the brominated adamantane. ", "The resulting crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica (eluent: *n*-hexane) yielding the desired 1,3,5,7-tetrabromoadamantane (**2**) as a light-brownish solid. ", "Recrystallization from acetone/water yielded the product with a purity of 98%. ", "Yield: 16.9 g, 68% (lit.: ", "61%^[@ref20]^). ", "^1^H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl~3~) δ: 2.64 (s, 12H) ppm. ", "^13^C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl~3~) δ: 54.8, 54.6 ppm. ", "UV~max~ = 262 nm.", "\n\n### 1,3,5,7-Tetracyanoadamantane (**3**) {#sec4.1.2}\n\n1,3,5,7-Tetracyanoadamantane (**3**) was prepared with minor modifications according procedures described in the literature.^[@ref20]^ 1,3,5,7-Tetrabromoadamantane (**2**) (2.14 g, 4.74 mmol) and sodium cyanide (3.69 g, 75.29 mmol) were dissolved in 150 mL degasified dimethyl sulfoxide in a cylindrical quartz tube. ", "The mixture was irradiated under argon at 254 nm for 6 h (150 W low-pressure mercury vapor lamp). ", "After irradiation, the solvent was removed by distillation at reduced pressure. ", "The brownish residue was washed with water (500 mL) and the solid precipitate was filtered off. ", "The filtrate was directly collected in a solution of 6% sodium hypochlorite. ", "The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica. ", "Unreacted starting material and partially cyanated products were removed by dichloromethane. ", "A mixture of dichloromethane/acetone (1:4) served to elute the desired product. ", "Recrystallization from acetone/water yielded the desired 1,3,5,7-tetracyanoadamantane (**3**) as a light-brownish solid. ", "Yield: 990 mg, 89% (lit.: ", "73%^[@ref20]^). ", "^1^H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 2.39 (s, 12H) ppm. ", "^13^C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 54.8, 54.6, 120.9 ppm. ", "Mp: \\>400 °C. ", "HRMS-FAB: calc.: ", "236.27 \\[M + H^+^\\]; found: 236.32; UV~max~ = 257 nm.", "\n\n### 1,3,5,7-Tetracarboxyadamantane (**4**) {#sec4.1.3}\n\n1,3,5,7-Tetracyanoadamantane (**3**, 990 mg, 4.19 mmol) was suspended in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (15 wt %, 30 mL). ", "The reaction mixture was heated under stirring in a pressure tube at 135 °C for 6 h. The initially suspended starting material dissolved within 3 h. After cooling to room temperature, the slight brownish solution is acidified with concentrated HCl. ", "The precipitation of the product started immediately. ", "After filtration under reduced pressure, the colorless solid was redissolved in water (20 mL) under dropwise addition of sodium hydroxide solution (0.1 M). ", "After acidifying the solution using concentrated HCl to pH = 1, the product was allowed to recrystallize at 4 °C for 1 h. Subsequently, the light-brownish solid was filtered under reduced pressure and dried at 100 °C for 10 h yielding 1,3,5,7-adamantanetetracarboxylic acid (**4**) as light-brownish solid. ", "Yield: 915 mg, 70%. ", "^1^H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 1.79 (s, 12H), 12.43 (s, 4H) ppm. ", "^13^C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 38.5, 40.8, 176.7 ppm.", "\n\n### 1,3,5,7-Tetraaminoadamantane (**7**) {#sec4.1.4}\n\nA mixture of 1,3,5,7-tetracarboxyadamantane (**4**) (495 mg, 1.58 mmol), thionyl chloride (5 mL), and a catalytic amount of dimethyl formamide (1 drop) was refluxed for 3 h. Within the first 1.5 h, the initially suspended starting material dissolved. ", "The thionyl chloride was removed under heat (65 °C), stirring, and argon stream. ", "Remaining dimethyl formamide was removed under high vacuum, yielding adamantane-1,3,5,7-tetracarbonyl tetrachloride (**5**) as a colorless solid in quantitative yield (609 mg, 98%). ", "To the remaining solid an ice-cold suspension of sodium azide (616 mg, 9.48 mmol) in acetone (5 mL) was added under stirring and cooling to 0 °C. ", "After 10 min, the cooling bath was removed and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to room temperature. ", "After 2 h of stirring, the excess of insoluble sodium azide and sodium chloride were filtered and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure to yield adamantine-1,3,5,7-tetracarbonyl tetrazide (**6**) as a red-brownish oil (529 mg, 81%). ", "To the oil, 1,2-dichloroethane (15 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was refluxed under stirring for 10 h. Subsequently, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and concentrated hydrochloric acid (20 mL) was added to the light-brownish crude 1,3,5,7-tetraisocyanatoadamantane and refluxed for 1 h. Then, the acidic aqueous phase was removed under reduced pressure to yield 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane tetrahydrochloride (433 mg, 80%). ", "To the slightly brownish residue dissolved in water (5 mL), sodium hydroxide (284 mg, 7.1 mmol) was added. ", "Subsequently, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. ", "Sublimation of the brownish crude solid product at 250 °C and 5 mbar yielded pure 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane (**7**) as a colorless solid. ", "Yield: 221 mg, 71%, colorless solid. ", "^1^H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 1.12 (s, 12H) ppm. ", "^13^C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 50.7, 52.9 ppm.", "\n\n### *N*,*N*′,*N*″,*N*‴-(Adamantane-1,3,5,7-tetrayl)tetrakis(2-bromoacetamide) (**8**) {#sec4.1.5}\n\nTo a suspension of 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane (**7**) (50.6 mg, 0.26 mmol) in dry DMF (1 mL) was added activated bromoacetic acid solution (2.5 mL) under stirring at room temperature directly followed by dry *N*,*N*-diisopropylethylamine (221 mL, 1.30 mmol). ", "The activated bromoacetic acid solution was prepared as follows: to a solution of PyOxim (686.5 mg, 1.30 mmol) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added bromoacetic acid (180.7 mg, 1.30 mmol) under stirring at room temperature and stirred for 20 min. ", "The suspended 1,3,5,7-tetraaminoadamantane (**7**) dissolves within 1 min after the addition of the activated bromoacetic acid and *N*,*N*-diisopropylethylamine. ", "After 0.5 h of stirring, the crude reaction mixture was directly purified in 1 mL steps over a C~8~-modified reversed-phase silica column (PP-30C8/35G, 30 mm PP, 300, Interchim, France) by using the following acetonitrile (ACN)/ddH~2~0 gradient method: 0 min −8% ACN, 20 min −25% ACN. ", "Product peak is to be expected at approx. ", "20% ACN. ", "The product-containing fractions were directly flash frozen and subsequently lyophilized. ", "Yield: 68.5 mg, 39%. ", "^1^H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 2.12 (s, CH~2~ 12H), 3.79 (s, CH~2~Br, 8H); 8.20 (s, NH, 4H) ppm. ", "^13^C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 30.8, 42.6, 52.9, 166.0 ppm. ", "LC-MS (ESI): 702.09 \\[M + Na\\]^+^, 679.9 \\[M -- H\\]^−^.\n\n### *N*-(2-Mercaptoethyl)-fluorescein-5(6)-carboxamide (**9**) {#sec4.1.6}\n\nTo a mixture of 5/6-carboxyfluorescein (100 mg, 2.66 mmol), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (760 mg, 4 mmol), and *N*-hydroxysuccinimide (460 mg, 4 mmol) in dry dimethylformamide (7 mL) was added cystamine (610 mg, 0.4 mmol). ", "After stirring for 24 h at room temperature, the crude product was precipitated by the addition of water (20 mL). ", "After filtration, the solid was washed twice with cold water (25 mL) and resuspended in a mixture of methanol and water (8:2, 20 mL). ", "Under stirring was added tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (154.23 mg, 0.530 mmol). ", "After 8 h of reaction at room temperature, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by silica column chromatography (eluent:dichloromethane/methanol). ", "Yield: 920 mg (80%). ", "^1^H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 1.35 (s, SH, 1H), 2.63 (t, HSCH~2~, 2H), 3.20--3.40 (m, HNCH~2~ 2H), 6.60--6.75 (m, H~arom.~ (2,4,5,7), 4H), 6.83 (s, H~arom.~ (1,8), 2H), 7.52 (d, *J* = 6 Hz, H~arom.~ 70, 1H), 7.81--8.40 (m, H~arom.~ 4′, 4″, 5′, 6′, 6″, 7″, 6H), 8.6 (s, NH, 1H), 10.31 (s, OH, 2H) ppm. ", "^13^C NMR (50 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 25.0, 43.3, 85.0, 97.9, 102.6, 109.44, 123.0, 123.7, 124.7, 126.8, 128.7, 129.5, 129.8, 135.1, 136.4, 140.9, 152.2, 155.1, 158.2, 160.0, 165.6, 168.6 ppm; LC--MS: 436.1 \\[M + H\\]^+^, 434.1 \\[M -- H\\]^−^.\n\n### *N*-(2-Mercaptoethyl)biotinamide (**10**) {#sec4.1.7}\n\nTo a suspension of biotin (50.0 mg, 0.2 mmol), dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (46.45 mg, 0.23 mmol), and *N*-hydroxysuccinimide (25.91 mg, 0.23 mmol) in dimethylformamide (2 mL) was added cystamine (15.58 mg, 0.1 mmol). ", "After 16 h, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with DCM (20 mL). ", "Subsequently, the solid was dried and redissolved in a mixture of methanol and water (8:2, 20 mL). ", "Under stirring (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) hydrochloride (86 mg, 0.3 mmol, 286.65 g/mol) was added. ", "After 2 h of stirring, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (C~18~, 5 μm, 20 × 250 mm, Reprosil100, Dr. Maisch, Ammerbuch, Germany) (eluent: ddH~2~O + 0.1% TFA and 80% ACN/ddH~2~O + 0.1% TFA). ", "Product-containing fractions were directly flash frozen and lyophilized, yielding the desired *N*-(2-mercaptoethyl)biotinamide as a colorless solid. ", "Yield: 111.7 mg (90%). ", "^1^H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 1.25--1.68 (m, CH~2~CH~2~CH~2~, 6H), 2.07 (t, *J* = 6 Hz, C[H]{.ul}~2~C(O)NH, 2H), 2.32 (t, *J* = 9 Hz, C[H]{.ul}CH~2~, 1H), 2.47--2.60 (m, C[H]{.ul}~2~SH, 2H), 2.83 (t, *J* = 9 Hz, C[H]{.ul}CH~2~bS, 1H), 3.07--3.11 (m, CHC[H]{.ul}S, 1H), 3.11--3.20 (m, C(O)NHC[H]{.ul}~2~, 2H), 4.13 (dd, *J* = 3 Hz, NHC[H]{.ul}CH, 1H), 4.31 (dd, *J* = 3 Hz, NHCHCH~2~, 1H), 6.42 (s, C(O)(NH)~2~, 2H), 7.95 (t, *J* = 6 Hz, C(O)NH, 1H) ppm. ", "^13^C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-*d*~6~) δ: 24.0, 25.7, 28.5, 28.7, 35.6, 40.3, 42.5, 55.9, 59.7, 61.5, 163.2, 172.6 ppm. ", "MS (ESI): 302.9 \\[M + H\\]^+^, 326.0 \\[M + Na\\]^+^.\n\nChemical Synthesis of Peptides {#sec4.2}\n------------------------------\n\nPeptides with free N-terminus and amidated C-terminus were synthesized on a 50 μmol scale by standard Fmoc solid-phase chemistry on an automated peptide synthesizer (Syro I, MuliSynTech GmbH, Witten, Germany). ", "After deprotection and cleavage from the 4-(2′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl-Fmoc-aminomethyl)phenoxymethyl (Rink amide) resin (TentaGel HL RAM, RAPP Polymere, Tuebingen, Germany) with trifluoroacetic acid (85 vol %, 5.5 wt % phenol, 4.5 vol % triisopropylsilane, 5 vol % H~2~O), the resulting deprotected peptides were precipitated three times in cold diethylether (−20 °C). ", "Subsequently, the crude peptides were purified by reversed-phase HPLC (Interchim, PuriFlash 4250) using a Reprosil100 column (C~18~, 5 μm, 20 × 250 mm^2^, Dr. Maisch, Ammerbuch, Germany) and a linear gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of eluent A (99.9 vol % H~2~O and 0.1 vol % trifluoroacetic acid) and eluent B (80 vol % acetronitrile, 20 vol % H~2~O, and 0.1 vol % trifluoroacetic acid) at a flow rate of 15 mL/min. ", "The molecular masses were determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics---autoflex II, MA). ", "Cyclization with NATBA: The peptide (1 mM) dissolved in 3 mL 70% buffer R (20 mM HEPES, pH 8)/30% acetonitrile was reacted with 1.1 equiv NATBA dissolved in 1 mL acetonitrile under shaking at 30 °C. ", "After 10 min, of reaction, 2 equiv of **10** dissolved in 1 mL of 50% buffer R (20 mM HEPES, 5 mM EDTA, pH 8)/50% acetonitrile were added and the reaction was incubated under gentle shaking for further 60 min at 30 °C. ", "Chemically modified peptides were purified as described above. ", "The purity of the modified and unmodified peptides were assessed by analytical RP-HPLC (Agilent 1100 system, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA), using a C~18~ column and the same buffer system as for preparative RP-HPLC.", "\n\nPeptide Cyclization and Mass Spectrometric Analysis {#sec4.3}\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nTest peptides were dissolved in the respective buffer system and placed in a thermoshaker (Bioer Technology) at 30 °C. ", "After 10 min of incubation, the respective amount (1.5 equiv) of linker dissolved in a volume of 100 μL acetonitrile was added to 500 μL test peptide solution (0.5 mM) under shaking. ", "The progress of the reaction was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry at different times (1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min). ", "Taken samples were directly mixed with the same volume of matrix solution (20 mg α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA) in 1 mL 50:50 H~2~O/ACN with 0.1% TFA trifloroacetic acid (final conc.)), ", "spotted on target plate and measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics---autoflex II, MA).", "\n\nPreparation of the 6 × 6 Phage Library {#sec4.4}\n--------------------------------------\n\nThe 6 × 6 phage library that presents peptides of the format ACX~6~CX~6~G was generated with modifications as described in the literature (see [Supporting Information](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.8b01814/suppl_file/ao8b01814_si_001.pdf)).^[@ref9]^\n\nPhage Selection of Functionalized Modified Peptides {#sec4.5}\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nPhage display was performed with modifications as described in the literature.^[@ref9]^*E. coli* TG1 glycerol stock cells containing the phage library were used to inoculate 500 mL of 2xYT media containing 30 mg/mL until an OD~600~ of 0.1 was reached. ", "After incubation for 16 h at 30 °C, the *E. coli* TG1 cells were removed from the phage-containing supernatant by centrifugation for 30 min at 6000 rpm and 4 °C. ", "The phages were precipitated by the addition of 0.2 volume of precipitation buffer (PEG buffer, 20% PEG-6000, 2.5 M NaCl). ", "After the addition of the PEG buffer, the phage suspension was cooled on ice for 60 min and subsequently centrifuged for 30 min at 7000 rpm and 4 °C. ", "After careful removal of the supernatant, the resulting phage pellets were resuspended in 10 mL ice-cold buffer R (20 mM HEPES, 5 mM EDTA, pH 8) and again centrifuged for 30 min at 4000 rpm and 4 °C. ", "The phage-containing supernatant was carefully transferred into a new 50 mL falcon tube. ", "To the clear phage solution was added TCEP with a final concentration of 1 mM and the reduction was incubated at 42 °C for 1 h. To remove TCEP, the reduced phage solution was purified twice over a desalting column (HiPrep 26/10 Desalting, GE Healthcare). ", "The resulting phage-containing fraction was adjusted to 32 mL with buffer R and 4 mL of 100 mM NATBA solution in acetonitrile was added to obtain a final linker concentration of 11.11 μM/L and incubated at 30 °C for 10 min under gentle shaking followed by the direct addition of 4 mL 500 μM FlcSH (**9**) in a mixture of 50% acetonitrile/H~2~O and further incubation at 30 °C for 1 h. The chemically modified phages were subsequently precipitated by the addition of 0.2 volume of buffer PEG, cooled down on ice for 30 min, and centrifuged at 4700 rpm for 30 min at 4 °C. ", "The phage pellet was dissolved in 3 mL buffer W1 (10 mM Tris--HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl~2~, 1 mM CaCl~2~, pH 7.4). ", "Biotinylated Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H + L) Superclonal Secondary Antibody (ThermoFischer) was immobilized on magnetic streptavidin beads (Dynabeads M-280 Streptavidin, Invitrogen) following the protocol provided in the [Supporting Information](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.8b01814/suppl_file/ao8b01814_si_001.pdf). ", "Negative control without the antigen was prepared by addition of buffer W1 instead of antigen. ", "Subsequently, the magnetic beads were washed three times with 0.5 mL buffer W1 and incubated for 30 min at room temperature in 300 mL buffer W1 supplemented with 150 mL buffer W2 (buffer W1 + 3% BSA, 0.3% Tween 50). ", "During that step, the chemically modified phages, stored in 3 mL buffer W1, were blocked at room temperature by the addition of 1.5 mL buffer W2 for 30 min. ", "The blocked bead suspension (0.45 mL) and 2.25 mL of the blocked phage suspension were mixed together and incubated for 30 min on a rotating wheel at room temperature. ", "Same was performed for the negative control. ", "The beads were washed eight times with buffer W3 (buffer W1 + 0.1% Tween 50) and twice with buffer W1. ", "The phages were eluted by incubation with 100 μL of buffer E (50 mM gylcine, pH 2) for exactly 5 min and then directly transferred into 50 μL of buffer N (1 M Tris, pH 8) for neutralization. ", "The eluted phages were added to 25 mL of *E. coli* TG1 cells at OD~600~ of 0.4 for 90 min at 37 °C. ", "After centrifugation for 5 min at 4000 rpm and 4 °C, the cell pellets of positive and negative experiments were plated on each two large 2xTY/chloramphenicol (30 mg/mL) plates. ", "For each round, the input and output phage titers were determined. ", "Second and third rounds of panning were performed following the same procedure but using in the second round instead of streptavidin beads neutravidin-coated magnetic beads. ", "Magnetic neutravidin beads were prepared by reacting 1 mg neutravidin (Pierce) with 0.5 mL tosyl-activated magnetic beads (Dynabeads M-280 Tosyl-activated, Invitrogen) according to the supplier's instructions. ", "After the second and third round of selections, individual clones were picked and amplified. ", "The extracted plasmid DNA of each clone was sequenced using primer *seqba* (Eurofins, Germany).", "\n\nPulldown Assay {#sec4.6}\n--------------\n\nIndividual selected peptide sequences were synthesized and functionalized with NATBA as a linker and BiotinSH (**10**) as an additive. ", "The required amount of magnetic streptavidine beads (250 mg per sample) was washed three times with 1 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and spitted into the respective number of experiments. ", "After adding to each sample 1 mg of the respective NATBA--BiotinSH (**10**) functionalized peptide dissolved in a minimum amount of PBS, the bead suspension was incubated for 15 min at room temperature on a wheel shaker. ", "Subsequently, the suspension was washed five times with each 1 mL PBS and transferred into new 1.5 mL tubes. ", "To each sample, 2 μL of rabbit anti-goat IgG (H + L) Superclonal Secondary Antibody (1 mg/mL, ThermoFischer) was added. ", "After incubation for 1 h at room temperature on a wheel shaker, the bead suspension was washed five times with each 1 mL PBS and transferred into new 1.5 mL tubes. ", "Washed beads were analyzed by SDS-PAGE.", "\n\nThe Supporting Information is available free of charge on the [ACS Publications website](http://pubs.acs.org) at DOI: [10.1021/acsomega.8b01814](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsomega.8b01814).Preparation of the phage libraries, cloning results (Figure S1); phage titers (Table S1); reaction process of TBMB with TPA measured by MALDI-TOF (Figure S2); NMR data (Figures S3--S19) ([PDF](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.8b01814/suppl_file/ao8b01814_si_001.pdf))\n\nSupplementary Material\n======================\n\n###### \n\nao8b01814_si_001.pdf\n\n**8** (NATBA) was conceived of and designed by CE and FMB. ", "Synthesis was planned by C.E., P.K., and F.M.B. Peptide synthesis, purification, and characterization was performed by C.E. and supported by J.S. and D.S. C.E. performed all the chemical, analytical, and biological experiments. ", "C.E., F.M.B., P.K., and D.S. analyzed the data and prepared the article.", "\n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interest.", "\n\nWe acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of the University of Tübingen.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Our Games\n\nOur Investors\n\nGood day, dear gamers! ", "We, at Unnyhog, must admit, 2016 has been an incredible for us. ", "After spending 2 years on the development, we managed to launch UnnyWorld on mobile platforms for Malaysian market. ", "It was a point where actually everything started for us, because, UnnyWorld stopped to be just a codebase and pile of...\n\nFew of you might know what’s happening with Unnyhog and our current project – UnnyWorld. ", "Today, we’re ready to share with you that after 2 years of development Unnyhog has raised $360k and now it’s participating in YC W16 acceleration program in Mountain View, CA. ", "With a great support of our investors (Flat6Labs, TwoFour54, YC)...\n\nHi again! ", "As you remember, September 26 is the birthday not for the one, but for two games. ", "Our second (or the first at the same time) project is Watee – a puzzle game based on the physics of liquid and vapor. ", "The task of the game is to pour water into the aquarium of..." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Can ageing be prevented by dietary restriction?", "\nThis paper disputes the suggestion of Hipkiss [Hipkiss, A., 2006. ", "On the mechanisms of ageing suppression by dietary restriction-is persistent glycolysis the problem? ", "Mech. ", "Ageing Dev. ", "127, 8-15], according to which dietary restriction by decreasing methylglyoxal production may prevent ageing. ", "A list of arguments is given to support the refusal of hypothesis: (i) it has never been proven that the main source of methylglyoxal is its formation from triose-phosphate intermediates of glycolysis; (ii) the above note particularly applies to pathological conditions as acetone breakdown and amino acid metabolism also come into picture under these circumstances; (iii) glycolysis is of vital importance, thus its inhibition or a sharp restriction of carbohydrate uptake are unlikely beneficial for those tissues that are exclusively dependent on glycolysis in the regard of their energy production. ", "Taken these concerns into account and considered all the promising attempts to influence the toxic effects of methylglyoxal, it is feared that the theory, as it is, cannot offer benefit to prevent ageing." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "IMSA has set the Balance of Performance for next weekend’s Roar Before the Rolex 24, having released Friday the initial table for the 2018 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship season.", "\n\nIt comes following extensive testing and analysis conducted both on and off-the-track, including evaluations at Daytona International Speedway earlier this month during an IMSA-sanctioned test.", "\n\nWhile the GT Le Mans and GT Daytona classes remain relatively unchanged compared to this year’s end-of-season BoP, adjustments have been made to several Prototypes.", "\n\nThe Cadillac DPi.", "V-R, which features a smaller 5.5-liter V8 engine, has seen the biggest change, with a 10kg minimum weight increase along with a 1.8mm (x2) larger air restrictor.", "\n\nWayne Taylor Racing took part in the recent IMSA-sanctioned test with the updated powerplant, which was sent to NASCAR’s R&D facility in Concord N.C. for further evaluation.", "\n\nBoth the Nissan Onroak DPi and the new-for-2018 Acura ARX-05 will also now run at 940kg, compared to 930kg for the LMP2-spec machinery and the Mazda RT24-P.\n\nNo power-related adjustments have been made to either of the turbocharged Nissan and Mazda powerplants, although IMSA has implemented aero-related changes for some P class cars.", "\n\nInitial performance levels for both the Acura DPi and BMW M8 GTE, the two all-new cars for next year, have been established, with the BMW running at a 1250kg minimum weight and with a revised turbo boost curve than its M6 GTLM predecessor.", "\n\nNo performance-related adjustments appear to have been made to any other GT machinery since this year’s season-ending Motul Petit Le Mans, although IMSA holds the right to issue a revised BoP table prior to the season-opening Rolex 24 at Daytona.", "\n\nUPDATE: IMSA released a revision to the BoP late Friday, confirming a 1mm larger air restrictor for the Mercedes-AMG GT3 and newly defined maximum RPMs for all classes." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Engineers on course to make super solar-electric-powered boat\n\nPublished: 3 December 2009\n\nA team of academics and students at the University of Southampton have begun work on a solar-electric-powered boat which they claim will be one of the most sophisticated to enter the annual prestigious Solar Splash competition so far.", "\n\nTeam Tarka led by Dr Peter Wilson of the Electronic Systems and Devices group in ECS, comprises experts across the University of Southampton in Electronics, Nanotechnology, Solar Energy and Ship Science.", "\nThey have come together to design and build a light and efficient boat to compete in next year’s Solar Splash event, which will take place in Arkansas from 9-13 June 2010.", "\nIn order to develop their ideas and materials further, the team is seeking collaboration with local businesses interested in 'green' boats or buildings, aerospace, engineering or general manufacturing. ", "In 2009 a number of companies sponsored key elements of the boat to a successful outcome, and the team is looking for sponsors at different levels for this year’s competition.", "\nSolar Splash is the World Championship of Intercollegiate Solar Boating. ", "The competition takes place over five days, with technical inspections on the first day and the remainder of the time occupied by five on-the-water competitive events, when speed, manoeuvrability and endurance are tested.", "\nLast year was the first time that a British university entered a boat in the competition. ", "Despite having virtually no budget for the project and having to economise so much that they bought the boat's motor on eBay, they still managed to come in the top ten, winning awards for the ‘Rookie Team with the Highest Overall Score’ and ‘top teamwork’, ‘sportsmanship’, and a top three finish in the qualifying event, with the result that the team qualified as one of the ‘elite’ boats for 2010.", "\n“Last year, we managed to produce a boat which was simple and light,” said Dr Wilson. “", "This year, due to our new laboratory facilities, carbon fibre expertise and our advances in solar-powered technology, we can invest in a more professionally engineered boat aiming to be one of the most sophisticated solar-powered boats ever designed within the constraints of the Solar Splash competition.", "\n“Furthermore, this is now a University-wide team, with significant contributions from the world-leading schools of Electronics and Computer Science, and Engineering Sciences.”" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Child Focus\n\nChild Focus (or the European Center for Missing and Sexually Exploited Children) is a Belgian foundation that supports prevention and investigation of missing children, abducted children, runaway children, and sexually abused and exploited children, along with psychological and legal support to the victims. ", "They also follow their cases and sometimes ensure they are treated with due care by the persons in charge. ", "Finally, they help and spread the information about missing children by publishing their pictures and descriptions in newspapers, magazines, etc.", "\n\nSince 1998, Child Focus has treated 3000 cases a year, and closed 70% of them within the year.", "\n\nHistory \nChild Focus was created on Jean-Denis Lejeune's initiative in June 1996, one year after the abduction of his daughter Julie and her friend Melissa by Marc Dutroux.", "\n\nLejeune had learned about the existence of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children in Washington, D.C. and went to visit it in order to study its structure. ", "During the White March in Brussels on October 20, 1996, he asked Prime Minister Jean-Luc Dehaene for help in creating a similar organization in Belgium. ", " Its honorary president is her Majesty Queen Paola.", "\n\nOn March 31, 1998, Child Focus was fully operational, and in July 1997, Daniel Cardon de Lichtbuer became the first Chairman of the organization.", "\n\nSee also \n Jean-Denis Lejeune\n Marc Dutroux\n Michel Fourniret\n Claude Lelièvre\n\nExternal links \n Child Focus – Website of the European Commission\n\nCategory:Child abduction\nCategory:Child sexual abuse\nCategory:Child welfare\nCategory:Missing people organizations\nCategory:Organizations that combat human trafficking\nCategory:Sexual abuse advocacy and support groups\nCategory:Organizations established in 1998\nCategory:Person databases" ]

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[ "Oliver-Bruno went to the office to have his fingerprints taken in connection his petition to stay in the U.S. while he fights being deported to Mexico.", "\n\nPolice arrested 27 people after they blocked the vehicle taking him to detention, Fox 8 High Point reported Saturday.", "\n\nOliver-Bruno was given sanctuary at CityWell United Church in Durham 11 months ago. ", "Immigration officers are generally reluctant to make arrests at churches and other sensitive locations.", "\n\n“Mr. Oliver-Bruno is a convicted criminal who has received all appropriate legal process under federal law, has no outstanding appeals, and has no legal basis to remain in the U.S.,” ICE spokesman Bryan Cox said, according to the station.", "\n\nImmigration Customs Enforcement said Oliver-Bruno, who has lived in North Carolina for two decades, had no legal basis to be in the U.S. and had exhausted his “extensive” appeals. ", "Oliver-Bruno pleaded guilty in 2014 to using false documents to try to re-enter the U.S. in Texas after a trip outside the country, according to court documents.", "\n\nBut North Carolina Democratic Reps. ", "David Price and G.K. Butterfield condemned the arrest as a setup.", "\n\n“It appears ICE has acted in concert with officials at (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services), who instructed Mr. Oliver-Bruno to appear at local USCIS offices to discuss his deferred deportation,” the lawmakers said, according to Fox 8.", "\n\n“At best, Mr. Oliver-Bruno was presented with a catch-22 dilemma; at worst, he was entrapped,” they added." ]

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[ "Minecraft Tops 74 Million Active Players, 144 Million Copies Sold To Date\n\nMicrosoft may have seemed bonkers to shell out a staggering $2.5 billion to acquire Mojang, the developer behind Minecraft, around three and a half years ago, but on hindsight it's looking like a smart play. ", "Minecraft continues to grow in popularity, hitting all-time highs in pretty much every important metric. ", "For example, there have been 144 million copies of Minecraft sold across more than a dozen platforms, with 74 million active players every month.", "\n\n\"We just recently set a new record in December for monthly active users, so now we're at 74 million monthly active users — and that's really a testament to people coming back to the game, whether it's through the game updates or bringing in new players from across the world,\" newly promoted Minecraft boss Helen Chiang told PopSugar. \"", "That's really our goal, to keep building the community that we have.\"", "\n\nChiang's promotion is notable in part because she is the first woman of color to lead a major gaming studio. ", "The opportunity arose when previous Minecraft boss Matt Booty was promoted to Corporate Vice President of Microsoft Studios. ", "Not long after, Microsoft announced that Chiang would fill the vacancy. ", "A well deserved promotion, Chiang has been working at Microsoft for nearly a decade, and has been part of the Minecraft team for the past three years.", "\n\n\"I've gotten to know the people in the studio really well over the last three years, and I can't think of a better team to get to lead,\" Chiang added. \"", "When I think about what's next for us—well, my job is really not to change the plan that we're on, but to focus on a number of different things.\"", "\n\nGoing forward, there are three primary objectives Chiang hopes to accomplish. ", "The first is to bring more people to Bedrock through Nintendo's Switch console. ", "Secondly, she wants to expand the game's features, with an update to Aquatic coming out soon. ", "And third is to roll out a new graphics engine. ", "She also wants to unite all Minecraft players on different devices into a single community.", "\n\nAs for growth, it will be interesting to see Minecraft's numbers in a year from now, or two years. ", "Just over a year and half ago, Microsoft was celebrating 100 million copies sold, and two years before that the number stood at 54 million. ", "In other words, Minecraft has been to maintain its sales momentum for going on four years now." ]

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[ "Michael Grunwald is a senior staff writer for Politico Magazine.", "\n\nThe partisan showdown over the government shutdown, like so many similar battles in the last seven years, is a fight neither side wants to lose. ", "But as Democrats learned at the start of this cycle of fiscal warfare, winning can have downsides, too.", "\n\nAs President Donald Trump and congressional leaders strategize and demonize in pursuit of all-out political victory in 2018, they might want to remember what happened after President Barack Obama struck a lopsided deal with Republican leaders in 2011, amid a fight over spending. ", "At first, Democrats celebrated their fleecing of the GOP. ", "But the humiliating defeat ended up hardening Republican positions before the next battle, which nearly produced an economic catastrophe on Obama’s watch, and set the stage for the recurring crises that have driven budget policy every year since.", "\n\n\nIn retrospect, some Obama aides wish they had struck a more balanced deal, or maybe no deal at all. ", "Victory, they found, can be ultimately counterproductive, firing up the losing team—and, just as important, the losing team’s political base.", "\n\n“As long as it’s the last deal you have to make, you can take everything,” says Scott Lilly, a former Democratic budget staffer who is now at the Center for American Progress. “", "In this town, however, you usually need at least one more deal.”", "\n\nThe deal Obama cut with Republicans in April 2011 was the first product of divided government after the GOP took back the House in the 2010 midterms, riding a Tea Party wave that emphasized hostility to Obama, his health-care policies and government spending. ", "The new House majority had passed a budget bill with $61 billion in proposed spending cuts, arguing that the public had rejected Obama’s big-government approach. ", "But Obama and Senate Democrats, mindful of Keynesian economic theory, were anxious to avoid any spending cuts while the country was still digging out from the financial crisis of 2008. ", "The federal government seemed to be careening towards its first shutdown since similar stalemates between President Bill Clinton and Republicans in the mid-1990s.", "\n\nAt the last minute, though, Obama and then-Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid worked out an agreement with then-House Speaker John Boehner that was initially announced as a $38 billion cut in spending—not as large as Republicans wanted, but still the largest in history. “", "Both sides have had to make tough choices,” Reid explained at the time. “", "But tough choices are what this job’s all about.” ", "The Washington Post concluded, “[A]n ascendant Republican Party has managed to impose its small-government agenda on a town still largely controlled by Democrats.”", "\n\nBut as budget analysts began to scrutinize the fine print, it became obvious that most of the deal’s spending cuts were gimmicky or imaginary. ", "For example, it included a $6 billion reduction for the Census Bureau from its 2010 levels, but that was because the Census Bureau was no longer conducting the 2010 census. ", "It eliminated unused highway funds, a one-time expenditure to compensate dairy farmers for low prices, and anti-poverty aid that was no longer needed because the economy was improving. ", "A Congressional Budget Office report on the eve of the vote found that the actual reductions for the next year would be just $352 million. ", "Tea Party activists howled, 59 House Republicans voted against the deal, and Republican candidates for president raced to distance themselves from the compromise. “", "Wholly unacceptable,” declared then-Gov. Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota.", "\n\nBoehner scrambled to defend the deal as “moving in the right direction” and “throwing the car in reverse,” but the Tea Party insurgents in his caucus vowed that they would not get rolled again. ", "So that fall, when Obama needed House Republican support to raise the federal debt ceiling, he faced a much more intransigent opposition, and Boehner felt much more pressure to resist a deal. ", "The resulting brinksmanship led to a full-blown debt crisis as well as a downgrade of the government’s credit rating. ", "Obama and Boehner barely managed to avert a catastrophic default on the Treasury’s obligations, which could have destroyed the full faith and credit of the United States, and their final deal included significant long-term spending cuts that, to this day, neither party is particularly happy about.", "\n\n“We should have let them shut down the government the first time, let them get it out of their system,” one former Obama aide recalls. “", "We beat them too badly.”", "\n\nIn fact, the dynamic set in motion by that April 2011 battle has continued into the present, with partisan standoffs every time the government approaches a deadline to extend its authority to spend or borrow more money. ", "Boehner’s deputy, Eric Cantor, was even more intransigent in his dealings with Obama, but Cantor ended up losing a primary to a bomb-thrower who argued that he wasn’t intransigent enough. ", "And Boehner quit in 2015, tired of the bomb-throwers in the “Freedom Caucus” wing of his conference.", "\n\nOne of those bomb-throwers, Mick Mulvaney, is now President Trump’s budget director, and has pushed for even more draconian spending cuts. ", "And last spring, after congressional leaders flatly rejected Mulvaney’s list of proposed cuts to popular agencies like the National Institutes of Health—and the media portrayed the resulting “omnibus” budget as a huge defeat for Trump—the angry president began making the kind of threats that help explain Washington’s current quandary. “", "Our country needs a good ‘shutdown’ in September to fix mess!” ", "he tweeted at the time.", "\n\nCongress managed to delay that shutdown after the hurricanes in September, but now it has arrived, and both parties are under pressure from their bases to hold out for total victory. ", "It will be politically difficult for Democrats to accept a compromise that does not protect undocumented Dreamers who have been living in America since they were kids. ", "And it has become politically difficult for Republicans to accept any compromises with Democrats. ", "But if Senate Democrats do go for something like the bargain Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is currently offering—allowing passage of a short-term spending bill in exchange for a vague promise to allow a vote on legislation to protect some Dreamers from deportation—liberal activists will demand a harder line next time around.", "\n\nThey won’t have to wait long: Congress and the president will need to cut a deal to raise the federal debt limit this spring, maybe as soon as March. ", "Or they can continue their stalemate, and maybe create a global economic meltdown.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "5 Best Personal Loans for Veterans and Active-Duty Military\n\nStudent Loan Hero Advertiser Disclosure\n\nOur team at Student Loan Hero works hard to find and recommend products and services that we believe are of high quality and will make a positive impact in your life. ", "We sometimes earn a sales commission or advertising fee when recommending various products and services to you. ", "Similar to when you are being sold any product or service, be sure to read the fine print understand what you are buying, and consult a licensed professional if you have any concerns. ", "Student Loan Hero is not a lender or investment advisor. ", "We are not involved in the loan approval or investment process, nor do we make credit or investment related decisions. ", "The rates and terms listed on our website are estimates and are subject to change at any time. ", "Please do your homework and let us know if you have any questions or concerns.", "\n\nEditorial Note: This content is not provided or commissioned by any financial institution. ", "Any opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the author’s alone, and may not have been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by the financial institution.", "\n\nOUR PROMISE TO YOU: Student Loan Hero is a completely free website 100% focused on helping student loan borrowers get the answers they need. ", "Read more\n\nHow do we make money? ", "It’s actually pretty simple. ", "If you choose to check out and become a customer of any of the loan providers featured on our site, we get compensated for sending you their way. ", "This helps pay for our amazing staff of writers (many of which are paying back student loans of their own!).", "\n\nBottom line: We’re here for you. ", "So please learn all you can, email us with any questions, and feel free to visit or not visit any of the loan providers on our site. ", "Read less\n\nMost Americans face financial challenges as they go through life, but if you’re a veteran or active-duty member of the armed forces, your service entitles you to special resources that could prove to be a big help.", "\n\nTaking on debt is a big decision that requires careful consideration by veteran and military families. ", "With that in mind, here are the loan options that are a great fit for current and former military personnel.", "\n\nBest personal loans for veterans and military members\n\nWhen comparing personal loans for veterans and military personnel, it can be hard to know where to turn first. ", "To give you a head start, we researched options — from military lenders to traditional banks — to find those that meet a variety of needs.", "\n\nUSAA: Best active-military benefits for personal loans\n\nMany military veterans and service members already bank with USAA, which could make it a great choice for personal loans.", "\n\nIt doesn’t offer the lowest rates out there, but it does allow borrowers to request a range of loan amounts and terms. ", "And while many lenders will increase rates for longer terms, USAA personal loans carry the same base annual percentage rate (APR) on personal loan terms of one to six years.", "\n\nIf you take out a USAA personal loan and then enter active duty, the lender offers an upgraded Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA) benefit. ", "Most lenders will lower active-duty servicemembers’ rates to 6.00%. ", "But USAA borrowers who qualify for the SCRA benefit get a 4.00% rate instead.", "\n\nCitizens Bank: Low-cost personal loans\n\nIf you want to get a low-cost personal loan, consider Citizens Bank. ", "It charges no application, origination, or prepayment fees on its personal loans.", "\n\nCitizens Bank personal loan rates are already some of the most competitive. ", "On top of that, Citizens Bank provides interest rate discounts. ", "You can get your APR lowered by 0.25% if you have an existing account with the bank or enroll in autopay. ", "You could get a 0.50% discount for doing both.", "\n\nAvant: Apply for a loan with imperfect credit\n\nAvant doesn’t offer the cheapest personal loans for veterans or military members. ", "But if you’re worried about getting denied for a personal loan, consider starting with Avant. ", "The lender considers applicants with credit scores as low as 580, which means that you could get a loan with less-than-perfect credit.", "\n\nYou also don’t have to guess whether you could qualify for an personal loans through Avant. ", "Avant can use a soft credit check to give you a preview of your loan options. ", "A soft check won’t affect your credit score.", "\n\nChoosing the best military personal loan for you\n\nIf you’re considering a personal loan for veterans or service members, you must keep in mind how borrowing will affect your finances both now and in the future.", "\n\nHere are some key factors to look at when choosing a personal loan.", "\n\nCreditworthiness: Some lenders will offer personal loans for those with weaker credit scores. ", "Others only provide financing to applicants with excellent credit. ", "If you know your FICO score, you can identify lenders that are a good match and more likely to approve you.", "\n\nLoan terms: Figure out how much you want to borrow and calculate your personal loan payments to ensure you can afford that amount. ", "Choose a loan term that balances getting out of debt fast with keeping monthly payments affordable.", "\n\nMilitary benefits: Ask if the lender offers specific benefits on personal loans for veterans and military members. ", "It should be able to tell you if it has SCRA rate discounts or other help for military personnel.", "\n\nInterest rates and fees: Lastly, consider what you’ll pay to borrow from each lender. ", "Request and compare personal loan rates from lenders that will provide one using a soft credit check. ", "Watch for other costs such as origination fees.", "\n\nNot every lender will be perfect for every applicant. ", "A USAA loan might make the most sense for an active-duty service member, for example. ", "Citizens Bank might offer the best deal on a personal loan for a veteran with great credit.", "\n\nThe best way to know whether a lender is a good fit is to compare personal loan options. ", "By doing so, you can find a solution that matches your needs and lifestyle as a military member or veteran.", "\n\nNote: Student Loan Hero has independently collected the above information related to personal loans. ", "None of the financial institutions mentioned have provided or reviewed the information shared in this article.", "\n\nGet multiple custom offers at once\n\nForget filling out tons of forms. ", "Finding the best personal loan rate is now easier than ever.", "\n\nInterested in a personal loan?", "\n\nLendingtree allows you to compare rates from multiple lenders by filling out one easy form. ", "Advertiser Disclosure\n\nStudent Loan Hero Advertiser Disclosure\n\nOur team at Student Loan Hero works hard to find and recommend products and services that we believe are of high quality and will make a positive impact in your life. ", "We sometimes earn a sales commission or advertising fee when recommending various products and services to you. ", "Similar to when you are being sold any product or service, be sure to read the fine print understand what you are buying, and consult a licensed professional if you have any concerns. ", "Student Loan Hero is not a lender or investment advisor. ", "We are not involved in the loan approval or investment process, nor do we make credit or investment related decisions. ", "The rates and terms listed on our website are estimates and are subject to change at any time. ", "Please do your homework and let us know if you have any questions or concerns.", "\n\nStudent Loan Hero Advertiser Disclosure\n\nOur team at Student Loan Hero works hard to find and recommend products and services that we believe are of high quality and will make a positive impact in your life. ", "We sometimes earn a sales commission or advertising fee when recommending various products and services to you. ", "Similar to when you are being sold any product or service, be sure to read the fine print understand what you are buying, and consult a licensed professional if you have any concerns. ", "Student Loan Hero is not a lender or investment advisor. ", "We are not involved in the loan approval or investment process, nor do we make credit or investment related decisions. ", "The rates and terms listed on our website are estimates and are subject to change at any time. ", "Please do your homework and let us know if you have any questions or concerns.", "\n\nSoFi Disclosures\n\nPersonal Loans: Fixed rates from 6.990% APR to 14.865% APR (with AutoPay). ", "Variable rates from 6.255% APR to 12.555% APR (with AutoPay). ", "SoFi rate ranges are current as of September 1, 2018 and are subject to change without notice. ", "Not all rates and amounts available in all states. ", "SeePersonal Loan eligibility details. ", "Not all applicants qualify for the lowest rate. ", "If approved for a loan, to qualify for the lowest rate, you must have a responsible financial history and meet other conditions. ", "Your actual rate will be within the range of rates listed above and will depend on a variety of factors, including evaluation of your credit worthiness, years of professional experience, income and other factors. ", "SeeAPR examples and terms. ", "Interest rates on variable rate loans are capped at 14.95%. ", "Lowest variable rate of 6.255% APR assumes current index rate derived from the 1-month LIBOR of 2.08% plus 4.425% margin minus 0.25% AutoPay discount. ", "For the SoFi variable rate loan, the 1-month LIBOR index will adjust monthly and the loan payment will be re-amortized and may change monthly. ", "APRs for variable rate loans may increase after origination if the LIBOR index increases. ", "The SoFi 0.25% AutoPay interest rate reduction requires you to agree to make monthly principal and interest payments by an automatic monthly deduction from a savings or checking account. ", "The benefit will discontinue and be lost for periods in which you do not pay by automatic deduction from a savings or checking account.", "\n\nTo check the rates and terms you qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. ", "However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull.", "See Consumer Licenses.", "\n\nMinimum Credit Score: Not all applicants who meet SoFi’s minimum credit score requirements are approved for a personal loan. ", "In addition to meeting SoFi’s minimum eligibility criteria, applicants must also meet other credit and underwriting requirements to qualify.", "\n\nSoFi Personal Loans are not available to residents of MS. ", "Maximum interest rate on loans for residents of AK and WY is 9.99% APR, for residents of IL with loans over $40,000 is 8.99% APR, for residents of TX is 9.99% APR on terms greater than 5 years, for residents of CO, CT, HI, VA, SC is 11.99% APR, and for residents of ME is 12.24% APR. ", "Personal loans not available to residents of MI who already have a student loan with SoFi. ", "Personal Loans minimum loan amount is $5,000. ", "Residents of AZ, MA, and NH have a minimum loan amount of $10,001. ", "Residents of KY have a minimum loan amount of $15,001. ", "Residents of PA have a minimum loan amount of $25,001. ", "Variable rates not available to residents of AK, TX, VA, WY, or for residents of IL for loans greater than $40,000.", "\n\nTerms and Conditions Apply: SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. ", "To qualify, a borrower must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident in an eligible state and meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements. ", "Not all borrowers receive the lowest rate. ", "To qualify for the lowest rate, you must have a responsible financial history and meet other conditions. ", "If approved, your actual rate will be within the range of rates listed above and will depend on a variety of factors, including term of loan, a responsible financial history, years of experience, income and other factors. ", "Rates and Terms are subject to change at anytime without notice and are subject to state restrictions. ", "SoFi refinance loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers such as Income Based Repayment or Income Contingent Repayment or PAYE. ", "Licensed by the Department of Business Oversight under the California Financing Law License No. ", "6054612. ", "SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Lending Corp., NMLS # 1121636. (", "www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org)\n\nOpploans Disclosures\n\nDirect Deposit required for payroll.", "\n\nOpploans currently operates in these states:\n\nTo qualify, a borrower must (i) be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident; (ii) reside in a state where OppLoans operates; (iii) have direct deposit; (iv) meet income requirements; (v) be 18 years of age (19 in Alabama); and, (vi) meet verification standards.", "\n\nThis information is current as of October 10, 2017 and is subject to change. ", "Opportunity Financial, LLC lends or arranges loans in the following states: Alabama, California, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin. ", "We do not lend or arrange loans in all states. ", "Opportunity Financial offers line of credit products in: Kansas, Tennessee and Virginia. ", "Please note: This is an expensive form of credit. ", "This service is not intended to provide a solution for longer-term credit or other financial needs. ", "Loans made or arranged by Opportunity Financial are designed to help you meet your short-term borrowing needs. ", "Loan amounts may vary and are dependent upon qualification criteria and state law. ", "Refer to Loan Cost & Terms at www.opploans.com for additional details. ", "Complete disclosures of APR, fees and payment terms are provided within the transaction documents, such as the Loan Agreement. ", "First-time Opportunity Financial customers typically qualify for an installment loan of $1,000 to $5,000 with an APR from 59% to 199%. ", "For example, a $1,000 loan made or arranged by Opportunity Financial with 12 bi-weekly payments of $130 has a 199% APR. ", "After the 12th successful payment, the loan would be paid in full.", "\n\nApplications processed and approved before 7:30 p.m. ET Monday-Friday are typically funded the next business day. ", "In some cases, we may not be able to verify your application information and may ask you to provide certain documents. ", "Some customers applying for a loan may be required to submit additional documentation due to state law and qualification criteria.", "\n\nLower APRs and longer terms when compared to a typical payday lending product. ", "According to the Consumer Federation of America, a non-profit consumer advocacy group, payday loans range in size from $100 to $1,000, depending on state legal maximums and carry an average APR of 400% and an average loan term of two weeks. ", "The maximum APR for a loan offered by OppLoans is 199% and loan sizes range from $1,000-$5,000 with a typical term of six months dependent on the state law.", "\n\nAs of October 17, 2017. ", "Ratings on third-party websites may periodically change; please check the third-party websites for up-to-date reviews and ratings. ", "Google+ Rating: 4.8 out of 5 based on 1,824 reviews. ", "Facebook Rating: 4.7 out of 5 based on 270 reviews.", "\n\nFreedomPlus Disclosures\n\nAll loans available through FreedomPlus.com are made by Cross River Bank, a New Jersey State Chartered Commercial Bank, Member FDIC, Equal Housing Lender. ", "All loan and rate terms are subject to eligibility restrictions, application review, credit score, loan amount, loan term, lender approval, and credit usage and history. ", "Eligibility for a loan is not guaranteed. ", "Loans are not available to residents of all states – please call a FreedomPlus representative for further details. ", "The following limitations, in addition to others, shall apply: FreedomPlus does not arrange loans in: (i) Arizona under $10,500; (ii) Massachusetts under $6,500, (iii) Ohio under $5,500, and (iv) Georgia under $3,500. ", "Repayment periods range from 24 to 60 months. ", "The range of APRs on loans made available through FreedomPlus is 4.99% to a maximum of 29.99%. ", "APR. ", "The APR calculation includes all applicable fees, including the loan origination fee. ", "For Example, a four year $20,000 loan with an interest rate of 15.49% and corresponding APR of 18.34% would have an estimated monthly payment of $561.60 and a total cost payable of $7,948.13. ", "To qualify for a 4.99% APR loan, a borrower will need excellent credit on a loan of $15,000 with a term of 24 months, and qualify for at least two of the following discounts: (1) add a co-borrower who has sufficient income; (2) use at least fifty percent of the loan proceeds to directly pay off existing debt; or (3) show proof of having at least forty-thousand dollars in retirement savings – contact FreedomPlus for further details.", "\n\nUpgrade Bank Disclosures\n\n* Your loan terms are not guaranteed and are subject to our verification and review process. ", "You may be asked to provide additional documents to enable us to verify your income and your identity. ", "This rate includes an Autopay APR reduction of 0.5%. ", "By enrolling in Autopay your payments will be automatically deducted from you bank account. ", "Selecting Autopay is optional. ", "Annual Percentage Rate is inclusive of a loan origination fee, which is deducted from the loan proceeds. ", "Late payments or subsequent charges and fees may increase the cost of your fixed rate loan. ", "All loans made by WebBank, member FDIC. ", "Please refer to Upgrade’s Terms of Use and Borrower Agreement for all terms, conditions and requirements.", "\n\n** Accept your loan offer and your funds will be sent to your bank via ACH within one (1) business day of clearing necessary verifications. ", "Availability of the funds is dependent on how quickly your bank processes this transaction. ", "From the time of approval, funds should be available within four (4) business days.", "\n\nProducts\n\nCompany\n\nStudent Loan Hero, Inc. is helping 200,000+ borrowers manage and eliminate over $3.5 billion dollars in student loan debt. ", "We're on a mission to help 44 million Americans manage their student loans smarter.", "\n\nDisclaimers: Product name, logo, brands, and other trademarks featured or referred to within Student Loan Hero are the property of their respective trademark holders. ", "Information obtained via Student Loan Hero™ is for educational purposes only. ", "Please consult a licensed financial professional before making any financial decisions. ", "This site may be compensated through third party advertisers. ", "This site is not endorsed or affiliated with the U.S. Department of Education." ]

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[ "I was 7 years old in 83 and so I have a soft spot for the uniform. ", "Loved em back then and still do to this day. ", "I thought they looked great yesterday and can't wait to get to a Sunday game and see them in person.", "\n\nThe uniform is ugly, but sometimes not often ugly can be endearing. ", "I love those uniforms and the 83 team is my second favorite in my lifetime, even though I was around and remember 59. ", "I do agree that only on Sunday is quite enough.", "\n\nFirst off, those are ugly uniforms. ", "Pretty much every new uniform in MLB between 1970 and 1992 was terrible, and I am happy with what the Sox wear now (put the diamond sock back on the grays!). ", "These were the softballiest of the silly softball uniforms of that era.", "\n\nThat being said, I will always have a soft spot for uniforms. ", "Not just because the Sox won a division in them, but because they represent my childhood, even if I was too young to remember the Sox wearing them.", "\n\nI think they looked damn good yesterday. ", "The Sox again did a great job by ordering red shoes, undershirts and catchers' equipment (I'm sure they'll get a new helmet for Flowers shortly). ", "I didn't like that they went with belts instead of the elastic which was worn at the time, but at least Majestic fixed the problem with the gigantic collars they had on throwbacks for the past 8 or so years. ", "Other than the belts and the uniforms not being skin tight with the pants legs pulled up, these were as authentic as any throwback you'll see.", "\n\nI think the Sox wearing them every Sunday is perfect. ", "Not overkill yet. ", "However, wearing them for all weekday games would be too much, and likely lead to a large contingent of younger people calling for the Sox to wear these full time. ", "Let's not encourage that.", "\n\nThe Padres looked like a bunch of tacos back in the day. ", "Those were real bad.", "\n\nI'm surprised there're so many people who aren't fond of them on here. ", "I myself love em, just wish they'd give a nod to the stirrups or at least pulling up the Sox. ", "I know, I know. ", "Out of style. ", "Still, it'd be neat!", "\n\nI'm surprised there're so many people who aren't fond of them on here. ", "I myself love em, just wish they'd give a nod to the stirrups or at least pulling up the Sox. ", "I know, I know. ", "Out of style. ", "Still, it'd be neat!", "\n\nI'm surprised as well. ", "Especially considering all of the merchandise I've seen over the years for this uniform, colors, etc. ", "I know they are marketing the 83 gear for this season, but I've seen the caps, jerseys, and other SOXMAN gear on a steady basis over the years. ", "I always thought it was because they were popular.", "\n\nI'm fine with featuring this throwback on Sunday day games once each decade.", "\n\nSix years within each forthcoming decade lend themselves to featuring a previous Sox team's uniforms: 1990, 1983, 2005/2008 (no change needed), 1906, 1917, 1959. ", "Not sure what to do about years ending in 1, 2 or 4.", "\n\n__________________The universe is the practical joke of the General at the expense of the Particular, quoth Frater Perdurabo, and laughed. ", "The disciples nearest him wept, seeing the Universal Sorrow. ", "Others laughed, seeing the Universal Joke. ", "Others wept. ", "Others laughed. ", "Others wept because they couldn't see the Joke, and others laughed lest they should be thought not to see the Joke. ", "But though FRATER laughed openly, he wept secretly; and really he neither laughed nor wept. ", "Nor did he mean what he said.", "\n\nI have a fondness for those uniforms since there is a photo of me wearing that uniform when I was about a month old. ", "I prefer the two-tone home caps as opposed the ones they wore on the road, I wish the helmet looked like the hat. ", "I think they looked good but they are probably best worn once a week for a year, if they were worn every day I would probably be sick of them. ", "I know some people think they are ugly, but really there were a lot of uniforms worn in baseball around that time that looked far worse. ", "The Pirates' uniforms around that time comes to mind.", "\n\nThe unis are ugly. ", "Thought so then, think so now, although for some reason this year's version looks a little better to me. ", "I do like the tribute, however.", "\n\n__________________\"I have the ultimate respect for White Sox fans. ", "They were as miserable as the Cubs and Red Sox fans ever were but always had the good decency to keep it to themselves. ", "And when they finally won the World Series, they celebrated without annoying every other fan in the country.\" ", "Jim Caple, ESPN (January 12, 2011)\n\n\"We have now sunk to a depth at which the restatement of the (bleeding) obvious is the first duty of intelligent men.\" — ", "George Orwell\n\nI'm fine with featuring this throwback on Sunday day games once each decade.", "\n\nSix years within each forthcoming decade lend themselves to featuring a previous Sox team's uniforms: 1990, 1983, 2005/2008 (no change needed), 1906, 1917, 1959. ", "Not sure what to do about years ending in 1, 2 or 4.", "\n\nDespite the 90 team probably being my favorite team ever, I would think the 2000 team was more influential and historical than the 90 version.", "\n\n__________________\n\"I told you I'd give my left nut to help this team.\" ", "Paul Konerko\n\nI'm surprised as well. ", "Especially considering all of the merchandise I've seen over the years for this uniform, colors, etc. ", "I know they are marketing the 83 gear for this season, but I've seen the caps, jerseys, and other SOXMAN gear on a steady basis over the years. ", "I always thought it was because they were popular.", "\n\nJustin Bieber is popular. ", "Popular =/= good. ", "Ever since the \"throwback\" trend started, people have latched on to the most bizarre and ugly as the ones to wear, in all sports.", "\n\nQuote:\n\nOriginally Posted by asindc\n\nThe unis are ugly. ", "Thought so then, think so now, although for some reason this year's version looks a little better to me. ", "I do like the tribute, however.", "\n\nMaybe the belt instead of the wide elastic waist band?", "\n\n__________________\n\n\"Nellie Fox, that little son of a gun, was always on base and was a great hit-and-run man. ", "He sprayed hits all over.\"", "\nYogi Berra in the New York Sunday News (July 12, 1970)\n\nI think that's got a lot to do with it. ", "I also think that players today prefer a baggier look to their jerseys, especially the pants. ", "I know some of the old timers rag on that look, but the 1983 jerseys took it to an extreme. ", "Look at how tight the pants on these guys are:\n\nThey may as well be painted on. ", "For reference, here's how the ones the wore Sunday looked:\n\nI know a lot of traditionalists don't like the long pants, but I'd say that the latter looks a lot more like a baseball uniform while the former looks like a track suit.", "\n\nAlso, not sure if this is true or not, but I'd also wager the current throwbacks are still made with modern fabric blends while the '83 jerseys were basically all polyester, right? ", "I think that has a lot to do with it. ", "The fabric in the top picture just has a dated, '80s look to it, much more than the bottom pic even though it's the same jersey design.", "\n\nBut yeah, the belt makes such a huge difference. ", "I was very surprised on Sunday at how much I liked the way the throwbacks looked. ", "They were great." ]

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[ "Storage Soup\n\nInfraScale, Inc. is gunning for Dropbox. ", "The newcomer is offering organizations a year’s worth of free online file sharing service for IT administrators who are willing to drop their Dropbox service.", "\n\nInfraScale will give free FileLocker accounts with 100 Gigabytes of storage per user to Dropbox customers with between 250 and 500 employees. ", "Dropbox is the leader in this crowded space, and InfraScale’s FileLocker is trying to set itself apart from the pack by emphasizing how rogue online file sharing accounts — also called shadow IT — presents a security risk for companies.", "\n\n“Dropbox says it has 95 percent of the organizations in the U.S.,” said Sheilin Herrick, InfraScale’s director of marketing. “", "So this is primarily for IT administrators that want to drop Dropbox.”", "\n\nThe offer is good until April 30.", "\n\nDropbox moved to strengthen its security features in the latest version of its business-focused Dropbox for Teams service released last month.", "\n\nInfraScale has focused on security from the start with FileLocker, which launched in November 2012. ", "FileLocker has a three-tier security model, in which the service is installed behind the company’s firewall for private cloud deployments. ", "It also secures data in transit with 256-Bit SSL encryption connection and 256-Bit AES encryption for data at rest.", "\n\n“We want to help IT managers deal with shadow IT,” said Stephen Gold, InfraScale’s director of business development.”", "\n\nThis service allows IT managers to control permissions, set up bulk accounts, delete files and accounts other centralized controls. ", "Fueled by the BYOD movement, many employees have started to deploy online file sharing products like Dropbox as a way to synchronize data with their mobile devices.", "\n\n“But rogue accounts represent a serious security and compliance risk to organizations. ", "When end-users store company files in the OFS provider’s data center in a public cloud, the files are placed outside the reach of the organization’s privacy policies and security controls,” according to an Enterprise Strategy Group report titled “Spotting and Stopping Rogue Online File Sharing.”", "\n\nSwiftStack, which claims to be building software-defined object storage, today said it has raised $7.6 million in seed and series A funding. ", "CEO and founder Joe Arnold said the San Francisco-based vendor will have more to say about its product next month but describes it as Amazon “S3-style” but not S3-compatible because it uses a different API.", "\n\nThe funding is a tiny amount for a storage startup these days when flash vendors seem to write their own blank checks, but Arnold said it will be enough to expand the 14-person company’s sales and development teams.", "\n\nAccording to SwiftStack’s funding release:\n\n“The platform decouples the management from the underlying storage infrastructure, enabling customers to build pools of storage on commodity hardware. ", "As a result, they are able to achieve greater scale, more flexibility and higher durability. ", "SwiftStack’s storage system helps organizations with considerable amounts of data simplify operations to reduce overall operational costs.”", "\n\nArnold said several SwiftStack’s engineers are from Rackspace, and built a software-defined storage product based on OpenStack Swift. ", "He said his company is going after a different target market than the other vendors selling object storage.", "\n\n“We’re a software company,” he said. “", "We sell a decoupled storage controller that allows customers to take commodity hardware and use that to manage the infrastructure.”", "\n\nBy decoupled controller, he means a controller that coordinates all the nodes in a system by orchestrating data placement and establishing one pane of glass to manage each node.", "\n\nAccording to information on its web site, the SwiftStack Node software can run as a service that streams monitoring information to the controller or the SwiftStack Controller can be installed on-premise behind a company firewall.", "\n\nSwiftStack will use a utility subscription pricing model. ", "According to the web site, the first TB is free for 12 months. ", "Beyond 1 TB, monthly subscriptions start at $10 per TB used for 100 TB and drops gradually to $3 per TB used for more than 1.3 PB used.", "\n\nMayfield Fund is SwiftStack’s lead investor with Storm Ventures and UMC Capital participating in the A round.", "\n\nThe interest in deploying solid state storage is still building, but there are already a handful of ways to introduce solid state technology into existing IT infrastructures:\n\n• As a PCIe solid state memory card installed in a server with software to manage caching and sharing of data.", "\n• As a caching appliance to accelerate certain applications.", "\n• As an extended cache added to a traditional disk storage system.", "\n• As a tier in a traditional storage system using solid state drives (SSDs) along with spinning disk drives. ", "There may also be a traditional storage system with only SSDs installed.", "\n• As a storage system specifically designed for all solid state, typically with solid state modules and a custom controller to manage the memory.", "\n\nSolid state technology will continue to evolve over time as the value from performance acceleration and other benefits such as reducing power, space and cooling while increasing reliability justify further development. ", "IT customers who purchase solid state storage systems need to realize that the systems are an investment that not only provide immediate benefits but have a long-term positive impact as well. ", "The investment may be optimized with operational changes and infrastructure improvements. ", "The selection of product and vendor for this momentous long-term decision must be carefully considered.", "\n\nSome of the considerations include:\n\n• Will the vendor’s system design be operationally the same if the underlying solid state technology is updated with the latest developments? ", "Today’s systems are primarily NAND flash solid state memory, which will continue for years with improvements in durability and cost but will inevitably be replaced with another technology with greater advantages. ", "IT should look at the investment to ensure that it will continue if the vendor can transparently introduce new solid state technology. ", "Vendors that only focus on flash may not have considered the long-term investment.", "\n• Does the solid state system fit seamlessly into the overall management environment? ", "Simply put, does the management of the system work with the vendor’s other management tools, including top-level orchestration? ", "This could require an exception now, but may change with further product development or with the next generation.", "\n• Is the storage network attachment capable of meeting the performance latency and bandwidth the solid state storage system can deliver? ", "Exploiting the high performance characteristic requires low latency, which can be achieved with direct connection or though storage networks. ", "You need to consider network performance and expandability for solid state storage.", "\n\nDeployment of solid state storage systems will become more pervasive and benefit from the continuation of investments made. ", "It is important to look at the long-term when making a strategic decision about selection of a product and vendor.", "\n\n(Randy Kerns is Senior Strategist at Evaluator Group, an IT analyst firm).", "\n\nJust as they did last year when they brought out VFCache, EMC spokesmen compared benchmarks against Fusion-io today during a webcast hyping their XtremSF flash products. ", "EMC marketing materials used in the webcast show its cards beating “Brand F” in a series of IOPS and latency results.", "\n\nAnd as he did in response last year, Fusion-io CEO David Flynn said all the attention around XtremSF is good for his company. ", "He pointed out that EMC is reselling PCIe cards that Fusion-io already competes with, and competes well enough to stand as the server-based flash market leader\n\n“We are quite flattered by EMC and its introduction of more products across the market we have created,” Flynn said. “", "EMC is making a renewed push to try and be relevant in server-side flash. ", "They’ve incorporated three vendors – Micron, Virident and LSI – none of which have been competent at competing with Fusion-io. ", "Now they’re trying to highlight those vendors’ competitive stance relative to us.”", "\n\nFlynn said EMC is “cherry picking” its IOPS and latency numbers, mixing results from different partners that make them look good against Fusion-io instead of making apples-to-apples comparisons. ", "He also said EMC’s benchmarks are more fitting for storage than for application server performance.", "\n\nEMC isn’t the only vendor encroaching on Fusion-io’s turf. ", "Most of the solid-state drive (SSD) vendors have added server-side flash, and flash array vendor Violin Memory launched its first PCIe flash cards this week. ", "Flynn said Fusion-io’s early entrance into the market gives it an advantage not only in technology but in distribution partnerships.", "\n\n“It’s one thing to have a component, it’s something else to have access to a market,” he said. “", "We have a sales team, but we also have partnered with the server vendors. ", "All the server vendors and [storage vendor] NetApp have aligned themselves with Fusion-io. ", "The only systems companies not aligned with Fusion-io are EMC and Oracle. ", "Only EMC is an enemy, and we have them to thank for others aligning themselves with us. ", "It’s a case of ‘My enemy’s enemy is my friend.’”", "\n\nFusion-io is making some impressive IOPS claims of its own. ", "He said the vendor will demonstrate one of its 365 GB ioDrive2 hitting 9.6 million IOPS March 26 during a Technology Open House at its Salt Lake City, Utah, headquarters. ", "He said that performance is enabled by Fusion-io APIs that integrate flash into host systems as well as the vendor’s Auto-Commit Memory software. ", "The APIs allow flash to bypass operating system bottlenecks, Auto-Commit Memory is designed to maintain flash persistence in nanoseconds running on Fusion-io’s directFS, eliminating duplicate work between the host file system and flash memory software.", "\n\nThere are no shortages of companies trying to get a piece of the cloud.", "\n\nCoraid Inc. announced it has contributed drivers for ATA-over-Ethernet (AoE) and its Coraid EtherCloud to OpenStack block storage, while Silver Peak Systems Inc.’s Virtual Acceleration Open Architecture (VXOA) software can be used for WAN optimization in Amazon cloud deployments for off-site replication and lower disaster recovery costs.", "\n\nCoraid contributed the drivers so that OpenStack open-source clouds can integrate with the company’s EtherDrive scale-out arrays and EtherCloud platform, which automates workflows for storage provisioning and management via a REST API. ", "The company designs systems based on a lightweight AoE protocol to handle block storage as an alternative to iSCSI. ", "The AoE drivers allow storage access over massively parallel 10 Gigabit Ethernet connections.", "\n\n“You can now provision OpenStack storage over the Ethernet. ", "We have done this for enterprises and service providers,” said Doug Dooley, Coraid’s vice president of products. “", "This is for large scale public or private cloud developments. ", "It’s not for small or medium-sized enterprises.”", "\n\nWhile Coraid is trying to advance AoE’s presence in the cloud, Silver Peak is targeting the challenge of moving data to and from the cloud. ", "Damon Ennis, Silver Peak’s vice president of product management and field engineering, said the Silver Peak software improves Amazon Web Service cloud traffic.", "\n\nOrganizations can accelerate data movement from their data centers to the cloud by spinning up a Silver Peak Amazon Machine Image in the Amazon Virtual Private Cloud, which allows you to set up a private cloud within Amazon Web Services cloud computing services.", "\n\n“If your enterprise wants to take advantage of VPC and the Amazon Cloud (data center) is not close to you, this is where Silver Peak comes in,” said Ennis. “", "The challenge is if customers have to move their data to and from VPC. ", "The customer has Silver Peak in their data center and they can spin up an instance in the Amazon cloud so they can optimize data transfers to the cloud.”", "\n\nSilver Peak’s offering is available now. ", "Coraid’s new drivers will be available in the next OpenStack, codenamed Grissly that is scheduled for release in April.", "\n\nThere are many opinions regarding how to handle information storage for big data analytics. ", "By big data analytics, I’m referring to information associated with a data analytics operation that does the analysis in near real-time to present immediately actionable results. ", "The most common approach to this type of analysis is to provide data that is the source for the real-time analytics process to the compute nodes with minimal latency and at a high data rate.", "\n\nThis requirement has led many data scientists designing analytics systems to require data to come from storage directly attached to the compute nodes. ", "If solid state devices (SSDs) are used for storage, then all the better. ", "This is contrary to most IT organizations’ strategy of delivering efficient storage utilization through networked storage. ", "The approaches for the source data will continue to evolve with new storage systems and methods, but currently the decisions are driven by the designers of the analytics systems.", "\n\nA more impacting question, is where does the data go after the initial analysis has been done? ", "Some say that the data has already been used and can be discarded. ", "However, future analysis on a larger set of data with different criteria may prove valuable. ", "The problem is where to store that potentially massive amount of data that might be used again.", "\n\nThe most discussed approach is to archive the data for subsequent usage. ", "The target for the data could be:\n\n• A local storage system as a content repository. ", "Usually this would be a NAS system for the unstructured file content used in data analytics, but it could also be a new generation object storage system capable of handling potentially billions of objects.", "\n• Cloud storage may be the target for the analyzed data either as files or objects. ", "With cloud storage, the storage costs could be reduced compared to adding infrastructure and archiving storage systems in IT for what may be a highly varying amount of capacity required. ", "The costs are dependent on the amount of time the data is retained.", "\n\nUltimately this could be a massive amount of data. ", "Archiving storage systems are typically self-protecting with remote replication to another archiving system or to cloud storage. ", "The requirement for data protection may be another variable depending on the value of the data.", "\n\nThe big in big data analytics can mean big money if the decisions about where to store the information and how long to retain it are not strategically made. ", "The main focus for big data analytics so far has been on the speed of the initial data analysis. ", "Where to put the data to be retained must be considered as well and this can be a major concern for IT.", "\n\n(Randy Kerns is Senior Strategist at Evaluator Group, an IT analyst firm).", "\n\nNexenta Systems, which sells storage systems based on ZFS technology, revamped its leadership team and pulled in $24 million in funding today with an eye on going public.", "\n\nMark Lockareff takes over as CEO from Evan Powell, who is shifting to chief strategy officer. ", "Nexenta also hired Bridget Warwick – formerly at BlueArc and NetApp – as chief marketing officer.", "\n\nThe Santa Clara, Calif.-based company has raised a total of $55 million in funding, including a $21 million round last year. ", "The latest funding is Nexenta’s D round.", "\n\nLockareff comes to Nexenta from Bridge Adivsory Partners, where he served as managing director. ", "He said he will focus on driving Nexenta’s next stage of growth as a software-defined storage vendor. ", "The company’s core product is NexentaStor, which is based on open-source ZFS technology. ", "The software runs on commodity servers, turning them into multiprotocol storage systems.", "\n\n“There are a lot of different directions our product can get pulled into, so we have to be disciplined in the direction,” Locareff said. “", "We have the two hardest parts underneath us now [building a product and generating revenues]. ", "Now it’s time to build a management team and the infrastructure for growth. ", "We are moving to become a public company someday.”", "\n\nLockareff said the $24 million will be used to build out its field engagement to work with partners and joint marketing efforts. ", "It also will be used to build out core features in the product and product a road map for resellers. ", "Nexenta is working on getting its software to run on SSDs.", "\n\n“There is an array of SSD providers and each might have different approaches in configurations,” Lockareff said. “", "Also, a lot of plug-in players want to work with us.”", "\n\nNexenta’s latest financing is led by new investor Four Rivers Group, with participation by previous Nexenta investors Menlo Ventures, TransLink Capital, Javelin Ventures, Sierra Ventures, Razor’s Edge Ventures, and West Summit Capital. ", "In addition to Four Rivers, Presidio Ventures and UMC Capital participated in the funding.", "\n\nSykera, preparing to make its SkyHawk cheap all-flash storage arrays generally available in a few months, has $51.6 million in funding to market that platform and fuel development on its next system.", "\n\nSkyera this week said it closed a mega-B Round led by Dell Ventures with other strategic partners participating. ", "The round was actually $45.6 million, with Skyera’s $6 million seed money included in the $51.6 million figure.", "\n\nSkyera came out of stealth last August, claiming it can sell all-flash storage at less than $3 per gigabyte. ", "That would make the systems about the same price as spinning disk arrays. ", "SkyHawk arrays have been in limited production through its beta program.", "\n\nTony Barbagallo, Skyera’s VP of marketing, said the startup is working on the next generation that will include more enterprise features such as active-active controllers, Fibre Channel support, high availability and the ability to scale up and out.", "\n\nHe said the first gen systems have complete solid state and storage management software such as LUN management, thin provisioning, read-only and writeable snapshots and encryption.", "\n\n“This is disruptive technology, which is why Dell was excited,” Barbagallo said.", "\n\nHe said Skyera clears the biggest obstacle to flash adoption.", "\n\n“There is one reason – and one reason only – why people aren’t dumping hard drive storage and moving to flash. ", "That’s the cost of flash,” he said. “", "A number of vendors have picked fringe areas relative to the storage market to sell flash into. ", "VDI, Hadoop data clusters and anything high performance computing are fringe areas of the mainstream market. ", "They need the performance only flash can provide, and they’re willing to pay thirty dollars a gig to get it.", "\n\n“[Skyera CEO] Rado [Danilak] said we need a way to break that price barrier, and that’s been our strategy from the start.”", "\n\nThe all-flash market is dominated by well-funded startups, but that will change over the next year or so. ", "EMC is expected to release its “Project X” array from technology acquired from XtremeIO this year and NetApp this week said it will have a freshly designed FlashRay system in 2014 to go with its EF540 all-flash array for high performance computing.", "\n\nDell is the one major vendor without a fully fleshed-out flash strategy. ", "There is no agreement for Dell to use or sell Skyera technology, but its investment gives it a say in development.", "\n\nSkyera’s funding release included a quote from Marius Haas, president of Dell’s enterprise solutions group, praising the startup for its “innovative technology that is breaking new ground in enterprise solid-state storage systems, including controllers, memory and software.”", "\n\nDell is the only named Skyera investor. ", "Barbagallo said all of the investors are strategic and there is no traditional venture capitalist money behind the startup.", "\n\nYou’ve probably heard of software-defined networking by now. ", "The next step in storage, according to startup Jeda Networks, is software-defined storage networking.", "\n\nJeda came out of stealth this week with Fabric Network Controller (FNC) software, which it describes as intelligent software that installs on a hypervisor and gives standard Ethernet switches the ability to run the most powerful SANs. ", "Jeda software runs with adapters from Intel and Broadcom, Berman said. ", "The software virtualizes the connection between servers and storage. ", "FCN supports Fibre Channel and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) protocols.", "\n\nThe idea is to remove the need for dedicated storage switches, which greatly reduces cost and fits in with the current converged infrastructure strategy pursued by many companies.", "\n\n“Storage networks are too expensive and too complex, and they don’t scale,” said Jeda CEO Stuart Berman, a veteran of storage networking companies Emulex and Vixel.", "\n\nBerman said his software installs as a virtual machine on VMware ESX, and will eventually run on hypervisors from Microsoft, Red Hat, Citrix and others.", "\n\n“We’ve virtualized the way servers talk to storage,” he said. “", "People will see the virtual machine that they install on their VMware server. ", "We talk to switches and adapters in storage and servers. ", "We can be an application on top of [VMware-owned SDN play] Nicira or Big Switch.”", "\n\nCan Jeda’s software match Fibre Channel’s low latency? ", "That is a requirement to make it in storage networking. ", "We should find out soon enough. ", "Berman said Jeda has two unannounced OEM wins, and he hopes to see his software show up in shipping products around the middle of the year.", "\n\nHe intends to set up a VAR program as well, but this type of software seems best suited to OEM distribution.", "\n\nBarracuda Networks has jumped into the crowded online file sharing pond, and today enlisted Drobo as a partner to help get started.", "\n\nBarracuda’s Copy cloud file sharing service launched as a private beta last year, and will enter public beta this year. ", "The security/data protection vendor will offer customers of Drobo’s new 5N SMB/prosumer NAS box 5GB of free cloud file storage on Copy. ", "Drobo customers can license additional capacity from Barracuda.", "\n\nBesides seeding its cloud with potential customers, Barracuda general manager Guy Suter said the partnership can make for a smoother interaction between on-premise and cloud storage.", "\n\n“To us, the Drobo looks like another device that we synch files to,” he said. “", "Having local storage and cloud storage interact with each other seamlessly helps your workflow a lot.”", "\n\nFor Drobo, the deal gives its customers a quick way to use the cloud as a complement to the storage inside the box. ", "Erik Pounds, Drobo VP of product management, said he expects customers to embrace the cloud even after they buy on-premise storage. ", "The cloud can serve as backup of critical files.", "\n\n“A lot of data stored in remote or home offices is inhibited by the four walls of that home or office,” he said. “", "We’re not afraid of the cloud because the amount of data that needs to be stored and shared is massive. ", "The average data on Drobo storage is 3 TB, so there’s a lot of desire to use both.”", "\n\nCopy is also available as a standalone service, but Barracuda can use the help from Drobo in making its way among dozens of competitors already in the market, including Dropbox, Box and EMC-owned Syncplicity.", "\n\nSuter points out the cloud file sharing market is young, and current contenders are still grappling with the best way to serve both users and companies. ", "He said the goals for Copy are to facilitate “easier sharing, and to make it more secure than what’s out there, and company friendly.”", "\n\nUnder the company friendly category, he said Copy gives administrators the ability to create separate areas to keep proprietary company data. “", "Users can have an area for personal data, but there’s another areas for company data,” he said. “", "Companies can revoke access to company data.”", "\n\nBarracuda is known mostly for its firewall products, but it does offer a hybrid backup service based on technology gained when it bought backup software vendor Yosemite Technologies in 2009. ", "Some of that data protection technology is used for Copy.", "\n\nAnd you can expect Barracuda to go deeper into data protection. ", "BJ Jenkins joined Barracuda as CEO last October after running EMC’s backup and recovery division." ]

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[ "Anti-ictogenic and antiepileptogenic properties of perampanel in mature and immature rats.", "\nPerampanel (PER) is a selective noncompetitive antagonist at α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, the first of its class approved for the adjunctive treatment of partial onset seizures and generalized seizures. ", "This study explored anti-ictogenic and antiepileptogenic effects of PER in rats at different stages of development. ", "Using a rapid kindling model in postnatal day 14 (P14), P21, P28, and P60 rats, we studied two doses of PER: 1 and 2 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally 30 min before afterdischarge assessment. ", "We also assessed blood and brain concentrations of PER 30 min after the injection. ", "PER 2 mg/kg significantly increased the afterdischarge threshold (ADT) at all ages, whereas PER at 1 mg/kg increased ADT only in P21 rats. ", "PER 2 mg/kg also shortened the afterdischarge duration in P14 and P28 rats. ", "PER increased the number of stimulations required to achieve a stage 4-5 seizure in a dose-dependent manner in P14 and P21 rats, with almost complete elimination of stage 4-5 seizures. ", "At P28, only PER 2 mg/kg increased the number of stimulations required to develop a stage 4-5 seizure. ", "In contrast, PER had no effect on the number of stage 4-5 seizures at P60. ", "We did not observed any age-dependent significant difference in the serum and brain levels of PER 30 min after the injection. ", "PER exerted anti-ictogenic effects from P14 to P60 independent of brain maturation. ", "PER also exhibited antiepileptogenic effects with a stronger effect in the younger animals." ]

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[ "Comments for Xquisite Events Bloghttps://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com\nMon, 08 Apr 2013 18:23:36 +0000hourly1http://wordpress.com/Comment on Another XE design on Style me Pretty! ", "by Donna Schepshttps://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/another-xe-design-in-style-me-pretty/#comment-58\nMon, 08 Apr 2013 18:23:36 +0000http://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/?p=485#comment-58Nancy and the entire staff were awesome. ", "Thank you for making our daughters wedding\nmagical. ", "The flowers were SENSATIONAL!!!!", "\nContinued success,\nDonna and Ben Scheps\n]]>Comment on Another XE design on Style me Pretty! ", "by Courtney Hillhttps://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/another-xe-design-in-style-me-pretty/#comment-42\nTue, 16 Oct 2012 20:12:46 +0000http://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/?p=485#comment-42Thanks so much for making our wedding so magical, amazing, perfect. ", "The flowers definitely stole the show! ", "You all were a joy to work with!", "\n]]>Comment on XE goes to Aspen! ", "by marla.weinstein@gmail.comhttps://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/2011/09/19/xe-goes-to-aspen/#comment-24\nTue, 27 Sep 2011 10:01:00 +0000http://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/?p=430#comment-24This was my wedding, and I have to say, it was perfect in every way! ", "Thank you, Jen & Nanci!! ", "You took my vision and my mom’s (which are very different at times) and created something we both thought was elegant and spectacular. ", "I really can’t say thank you enough!", "\n]]>Comment on XE goes to Aspen! ", "by Jeri Berman-Davishttps://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/2011/09/19/xe-goes-to-aspen/#comment-23\nTue, 27 Sep 2011 02:29:26 +0000http://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/?p=430#comment-23I was lucky enough to be a guest at this incredible breathtaking wedding. ", "XE worked wonders and the entire evening was magical. ", "Kudos to you, your staff, your cowboys, the bride & groom and their families. ", "I know your hard work and creativity were perfect from the beginnning to the end!", "\n]]>Comment on Oooh la la! ", "by Sara Lowellhttps://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/2009/12/14/oooh-la-la/#comment-5\nWed, 05 May 2010 12:15:43 +0000http://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/?p=139#comment-5BEAUTIFUL!", "\n]]>Comment on A Vision at Vizcaya! ", "by Xquisite Eventshttps://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/2010/01/28/a-vision-at-vizcaya/#comment-3\nSat, 30 Jan 2010 21:42:07 +0000http://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/?p=160#comment-3Thanks Bianca! ", "We’re working on getting all of your photos into the galleries soon! ", "Take care!", "\n]]>Comment on A Vision at Vizcaya! ", "by Bianca Gabayhttps://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/2010/01/28/a-vision-at-vizcaya/#comment-2\nSat, 30 Jan 2010 21:26:35 +0000http://xquisiteeventsfl.wordpress.com/?p=160#comment-2it was so amazing thank you to everyone that made it happen. ", "Xquisite you guys have quite a vision. ", "I think you should add the pic of the chuppah to your photos of the ceremony. ", "I have never seen anything like it before\n]]>" ]

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[ "Kumm (band)\n\nKumm is a Romanian alternative rock band formed in Cluj in 1997.", "\n\nThe band has experienced several lineup changes, with guitarist Eugen Nuțescu and keyboardist Kovács András being the only remaining members from the first lineup. ", "Their style has varied greatly, from progressive rock with jazz and etno influences to alternative rock and indie rock (most notably after the release of their fourth studio album, Different Parties).", "\n\nKumm toured in countries like Italy, Germany, Czech Republic and Hungary. ", "They were also included in the lineup of several European festivals, such as Pepsi Sziget (in 2002 and 2008), Sárvár, 4+4 Days In Motion and Peninsula.", "\n\nAs of February 2014, Kumm released six studio albums and eight videos.", "\n\nHistory\n\nFormation and early years (1997–1999)\n\nKumm were formed by guitarist Eugen Nuțescu (also known as Oigăn) and keyboardist Kovács András, after the disbanding of their former musical projects, Short Cuts and Talitha Qumi. ", "Kovács wanted to form a new band, which was supposed to be, musically speaking, a fusion between jazz, rock and ethno and asked Oigăn if he was interested to be part of his project. ", "Shortly after, they were joined by saxophonist Meier Zsolt (a former member of Short Cuts), drummer Pap Joco, and a girl named Cilu who sang lead vocals. ", "Their first demo was recorded in December 1997. ", "Some of the songs from this release (such as \"Listen to My Songs\" and \"Dancing On the Wires\") were to reappear later on their debut album, while a re-recorded version of the song \"Red Coffee\" was included on their third studio album, Angels & Clowns. ", "After the recording of the demo, Cilu decided to quit the band.", "\n\nIn February 1998, the band was invited to play in a club from Cluj, called Music Pub. ", "At that time, the band did not have a name, so the members were forced to come up with something. ", "They chose the name Kumm, which is based on a wordplay (\"kumm\" means \"sand\" in Tatar, and its phonetic pronunciation means \"how\" in Romanian). ", "Their first notable concerts took place in Cluj and Timișoara (at StudentFest). ", "In September the band managed to release a demo, consisting on seven songs, which was entitled Listen to My Songs (Don't Listen to My Words). ", "On 4 January 1999, the band was invited to play for the first time in Bucharest, at Lăptăria lui Enache.", "\n\nIn March same year, after their second concert in Lăptăria lui Enache, the band met Ernesto (Mr. Scarecrow) Bianchi, who later became their manager. ", "Afterwards, Kumm were invited to play in Hungary at an alternative rock festival at Sárvár; they also underwent their first lineup changes: in April, Pap Joco returned to his hometown, Sfântu Gheorghe, while Meier Zsolt joined the musical project of Harry Tavitian, called Orient Express. ", "They were replaced on a temporary basis by drummer Csergö Dominic (Domi) and saxophonist Petö Zoltán (Zoli); shortly after, Domi replaced Joco definitively.", "\n\nTowards the end of the year, the band started the negotiations with music label Soft Records in order to prepare for recording the debut album.", "\n\nMoonsweat March (2000–2002)\n\nIn February 2000, Kumm spent three weeks in the studio Glas Transilvan from Cluj to record their first album, entitled Moonsweat March. ", "The album featured ten songs and a bonus track, called \"Ce și cum\" (Romanian for \"What and how\"), which was their only song with Romanian lyrics. ", "After finishing the recording phase, saxophonist Meier Zsolt left the band and was replaced by Petö Zoltán. ", "During the recording, Oigăn played guitar as well as bass guitar, but, as this was impossible during live shows, Kumm were soon joined by bassist Keresztes Levente.", "\n\nMoonsweat March was officially released in April 2000. ", "It received the prize for the best debut album of the year 2000 from Musical Report magazine and was nominated at the category „Best Alternative Album” at the Romanian Music Awards (). ", "During the summer, the band was invited to play at several festivals (including Sárvár, Hungary). ", "The fall of 2000 brought them an invitation to Posada Rock Festival and the release of their first video, \"Ce și cum\", which was filmed by TVR2.", "\n\nIn March 2001, Kumm composed a second song in Romanian, which was later featured on a compilation (released in June same year), that contained several tracks of other alternative rock Romanian bands, such as Nightlosers, Luna Amară or Implant Pentru Refuz. ", "The song, which was recorded at the same time with a new version of \"Marty\", the fourth track from their album, was called \"Șapte seri\" (Romanian for \"Seven Evenings\"). ", "The band also released a video for the song, which later peaked at number ten in the MCM Romania chart.", "\n\nDuring that year, Kovács and Oigăn played a few concerts with Dan Byron under the name Naked Lunch, covering songs by Led Zeppelin, Björk and Kumm. ", "Kovács also composed and played live the music for a play entitled \"Ithaca Dream\". ", "In September, the whole band appeared on stage with the actress Ramona Dumitrean in a spectacle-concert called \"Apocalipsa dupa Martha\" (\"Apocalypse after Martha\"), produced by The French Cultural Centre from Cluj. ", "In November, Byron joined Kumm, replacing Oigăn as lead singer. ", "His first appearance on stage with Kumm was at a gig in December. ", "Byron and Oigăn spent some time composing the music for the short movie \"After leaving\", directed by C. Cârcu. ", "After that, the band entered the studio in February 2002 to record the second studio album.", "\n\nConfuzz (2002–2003)\n\nThe second Kumm album, Confuzz (wordplay of \"confuz\", the Romanian word for \"confused\"), was released in June 2002. ", "Unlike their first album, Confuzz is mostly sung in Romanian. ", "On this album, Kumm started to make the transition to alternative rock, but they kept their ethno influences and added psychedelic sounds. ", "Following the release, the band started to promote it across the country; they also had the chance to perform at several festivals, such as Days of Cluj, Fête de la Musique (Bucharest), and, most notably, Pepsi Sziget. ", "Furthermore, Csergö Dominic, Petö Zoltán, Oigăn and Byron appeared in a play called \"Pâine, orbi și saxofoane\" (Romanian for \"Bread, blind men and saxophones\"), for which they also wrote the music. ", "In the fall of 2002 the band filmed their third video, for the song \"1000 de chipuri\" (\"1000 Faces\"). ", "The video was directed by Szakáts István and featured actor Sebastian Marina.", "\n\nThe first months of 2003 found some of the Kumm members involved in other projects. ", "Kovács was invited to play on Luna Amară's debut album, Asfalt (Asphalt) (on a track called \"Roșu aprins\"), while Byron and Domi formed a new band, called Urma, with Mani Gutău as lead vocal; shortly after, they also released an album, Nomad Rhymes.", "\n\nIn the spring, Moonsweat March and Confuzz were distributed worldwide by the French label Musea Records. ", "In April, Kumm participated at the Iuliu Merca Festival, making their first cover of a Romanian song, Semnal M's \"Râul\" (\"The River\"). ", "Autumn brought them a contract with the Italian label Cramps Records. ", "Shortly after, saxophonist Petö Zoltán left the band and was replaced by Mihai Iordache (ex-Sarmalele Reci, ex-Timpuri Noi). ", "Drummer Csergö Dominic also retired for a while, and was temporarily replaced by Lorant Antal. ", "Following this new lineup change, the band entered the studio, recording five songs in English. ", "Four of them were included on an EP called Yellow Fever, which was officially released on December 5 at Sala Palatului, in Bucharest. ", "At the end of the year, they filmed their fourth video, for the song \"Butterflies\".", "\n\nAngels & Clowns and departure of Byron (2004–2005)\n\nAt the beginning of 2004, Kumm finished composing the songs for their third studio album, Angels & Clowns. ", "The band spent the first month of spring in the studio, recording the new album. ", "This release included the English version of \"1000 de chipuri\", called \"Million Faces\" (later the band also recorded an Italian version, \"Mille Facce\"), a new version of \"Dictionary\", a song from their debut album, with Byron singing lead vocals, and a rewritten and improved version of \"Red Coffee\", one of the songs from their first demo. ", "Angels & Clowns, the title track, was the first Kumm song to reach the first place in a music chart.", "\n\nIn the summer of 2004, the band toured Italy for the first time. ", "At the Gondola d'Oro Festival from Venice, the song \"Mille Facce\" won the prize for the best rock song. ", "After returning in Romania, bassist Keresztes Levente decided to give up on music for architecture. ", "The new Kumm bassist, Uțu Pascu (Blazzaj/BAU) made his debut with the band at Stufstock Festival. ", "Shortly after, the band left Romania again and spent three weeks touring in Italy.", "\n\nIn February 2005, Kumm officially released Angels & Clowns, first in Bucharest, then in several other cities across the country. ", "In spring, they played four gigs in Germany, where they met Anja Strub, who was later to become their manager.", "\n\nAfter performing at Peninsula Festival and Stufstock, the band returned to Germany for another concert, which was their last concert with Byron as lead singer, as he left the band in September. ", "While trying to find a new vocal, the members of the band also found time for their own projects: Iordache appeared as guest on Luna Amară's second studio album, Loc lipsă (Missing Place), on a track called \"Din valuri ard\" (\"I Burn From Waves\") and concentrated on his jazz music project, which also featured Oigăn and Uțu Pascu, while Csergö Dominic released a new album with Urma, entitled Anger as a Gift.", "\n\nIn November, Kumm were joined by the actor and singer Cătălin Mocan, formerly the lead vocal of the band Persona from Timișoara. ", "Mocan was officially confirmed as the new lead singer of Kumm in January 2006.", "\n\nDifferent Parties and the tenth anniversary of the band (2006–2009)\n\nThe first concerts of Kumm with the new lineup took place at the end of January 2006. ", "In March and April the band entered the studio and recorded a fourth album, Different Parties. ", "It was considered their most diversified album to date. ", "Before the official release, the band made a three weeks tour of Germany, with ten concerts (last three of them in Berlin) after which they performed a few gigs in Timișoara, Arad and Oradea. ", "The official release of the album took place in Bucharest, on June 2.", "\n\nIn March 2007, after several gigs across the country, Kumm started their third tour of Germany, which lasted three weeks. ", "The band performed in Berlin, Stuttgart, Ulm, Karlsruhe and Freiburg. ", "After returning to Romania, they continued to play in different music pubs around the country and participated in the summer of 2007 to many festivals, such as Fête de la Musique, Rock'n'Coke Festival, Școala Ardeleană Festival, Cramps Festival and Peninsula.", "\n\nOn October 29, 2007, Kumm celebrated their ten years anniversary with a concert held at the Romanian Opera, KUMM - 10 ani și 1000 de Chipuri (KUMM - 10 Years and 1000 Faces). ", "They invited Luna Amară, Timpuri Noi, ZOB, Travka, Ada Milea and The MOOoD to perform as guests. ", "Each of these bands performed a song on their own and a Kumm song. ", "The former members of the band participated as well. ", "On the same occasion, Kumm also released a box-set entitled Lo-Fi Poetry, with songs, pictures and rare recordings from their ten years of musical activity.", "\n\nIn December, bassist Uțu Pascu left the band, and was replaced in January 2008 by Sorin Erhan (Firma, Urma).", "\n\nOn August 16, 2008, Kumm performed at the Sziget Festival, being the only Romanian band invited. ", "It was their second performance at Sziget.", "\n\nOn March 6, 2009, Oigăn released Sex With Onions, his first solo album, and, according to his own words, his last. ", "The official release was celebrated with a gig at Silver Church. ", "Mihai Iordache, Csergö Dominic, Alexei \"Alioșa\" Țurcan (ex-Travka), Andrei Filip (Timpuri Noi, L'Orchestre de Roche, The Mono Jacks, RedRum) and Forrest (ZOB) appeared as guests. ", "The album received favorable reviews.", "\n\nOn 12 March 2009, Kumm received the prize for Best Rock on 2008 from the magazine Actualitatea Muzicală (Musical Actuality).", "\n\nOn 30 May 2009, it was officially confirmed that drummer Csergö Dominic was not part of Kumm anymore, and had been replaced by Paul Ballo (Go to Berlin, The Amsterdams). ", "Later, Oigăn talked about how they acquired their new drummer: \"We made a list with several drummers we liked, we saw him at a live concert, and after that, due to the Mafia that exists on Romanian music scene, where everybody knows everybody, we got his phone number, we met in a bar, he came to an audition and we chose him because he's really talented and very funny.\"", "\n\nFar From Telescopes (2009–2011)\n\nOn August 14, 2009, Kumm released the video for the song \"Morsa\" (translation: \"Walrus\") during a concert in El Grande Comandante. ", "The English version of the song, \"Man in a Can\", was to appear on their fifth studio album.", "\n\nOn October 22 the band announced in a press conference at Clubul Țăranului Român the release of their fifth studio album, Far From Telescopes, which took place on October 30, 2009, at the Silver Church Club in Bucharest.", "\n\nFar From Telescopes was produced under their own license. ", "The recordings were made at the Vița de Vie studio, with Gabi \"Pipai\" Andrieș as sound engineer. ", "The mastering was made by Mastervargas Studio, New York City. ", "The album appeared on iTunes on January 11, 2010.", "\n\nThe title was explained by Oigăn in an interview: \"It was really difficult for us to find a name. ", "We broke a lot of deadlines, the album almost failed to be produced, yet we couldn't decide. ", "At the end, right when we were playing the lo-fi songs, Cătălin sang that line and we all felt that this was describing the serious part of the album as well as its playful part.\"", "\n\nThe album featured Rozie, a good friend of the band, as guest vocalist on \"Pink Baloon\" and the Meloritm children choir on \"Fishing in the Swimming Pool\"; furthermore, their ex-singer Byron was also invited as backing vocalist on \"Mister Superman\". ", "The band added three lo-fi recordings on the album: one of them at the beginning, before the song \"Mister Superman\", the second towards the middle of the album (the song \"Bad Day\", which is the only lo-fi song that has a title and appears on track list) and the third as hidden track, after the end of the last song, \"Fishing in the Swimming Pool\". ", "Singer Cătălin Mocan came up with this idea: \"These are recorded in a kitchen. ", "We're really aboulic, we contradict each other a lot, so we had a lot of songs we had to give up on. ", "I felt a little bit sorry for some of the songs we gave up. ", "So I came up with this lo-fi idea, and that's how I convinced my mates to put on the album the songs I particularly liked. ", "That's how 'Bad Day' entered the album.\"", "\n\nMost of the reviews were positive. ", "A critic called Far From Telescopes \"perhaps the most mature and professional Kumm album\" In December, the first single, \"Pop Song\", peaked at number 1 in Radio Guerrilla's Top Show.", "\n\nAt the beginning of 2010, Kumm changed their lineup again. ", "On 17 February they announced bassist Sorin Erhan was replaced by Alexandru Miu (Go to Berlin). ", "Meanwhile, Paul Ballo composed and released \"Chroma\", the first song of his new project, Hot Casandra - during the year, this was to be followed by a few more songs.", "\n\nIn March their song \"Police\" was aired on Radio Guerrilla, entering on seventh place in Top Show and reaching first place two weeks later.", "\n\nIn April, Paul Ballo and his ex-bandmate from Go to Berlin, Matei Țeposu started a new electronic music project, called Trouble Is.", "\n\nOn April 22, 2010, Kumm released their sixth video, \"Pop Song\", at a concert held in Silver Church Club, Bucharest.", "\n\nOn September 25, drummer Paul Ballo announced on his Facebook page that he was not part of Kumm anymore. ", "His statement was confirmed indirectly by the band two days later, on September 27, when the new Kumm site was launched. ", "A new lineup appeared on the site, with new drummer John Ciurea (formerly with Tep Zepi). ", "The next day, on September 28, Kumm announced the lineup change on their Facebook and Twitter pages. ", "The first gig with the new drummer took place in Lăptăria lui Enache, on October 2.", "\n\nIn an interview which appeared on October 5, Ballo talked about the whole situation, explaining that he knew that at a certain point he would have left the band, but he didn't expect to be fired. ", "He cited as a possible reason for separation the fact that he was also involved in other projects, so his bandmates believed that he wasn't paying enough attention to the band. ", "The ex-drummer said that he thought at certain moments that, musically speaking, the band was somehow stagnating, adding \"I did not have time to get involved in the (album) production, especially the sound of my drums. ", "That was a reason for me to complain, because I wasn't quite satisfied with the drum sound, and they disagreed with me.\" ", "In the same interview, Paul Ballo also talked about his own musical projects, specifying that he wanted to release a video with Trouble Is and continue as a drummer in Go to Berlin.", "\n\nIn December 2010, Radio Guerrilla started to air the song \"Beautiful Country\", which soon reached the first place in the Top Show.", "\n\nOn March 2011, Kumm announced on their Facebook official page the departure of Alexandru Miu and the returning of Uțu Pascu, stating: \"Our new bassist is our old one\". ", "No further explanations were given.", "\n\nFifteenth anniversary of the band, departure of Cătălin Mocan and A Mysterious Place Called Somewhere (2011–2014)\n\nOn June 3, the band released a new song, called \"Foul Play\", during a concert in Clubul Ţăranului Român. ", "The song was aired for the first time at Radio Guerrilla, on June 7. \"", "Foul Play\" was also launched on the internet, as a free download.", "\n\nIn October 2011, the band toured Germany and Switzerland. ", "In November, Kumm released a new single called \"Eskimo\", during a campaign entitled „WHERE DO BROKEN HEARTS GO? ", "By KUMM”. ", "The campaign debuted with a contest for fans, who had to send an email with the answer to the question \"Where do broken hearts go?\", ", "thus having the chance to win a special prize offered by the band. ", "A national tour followed soon after.", "\n\nIn 2012, Kumm celebrated their fifteenth anniversary with a national tour, \"Kumm 15 ani\" (\"Kumm 15 Years\"). ", "The first two concerts were held in Cluj (October 19, Flying Circus Pub) and Bucharest (November 1, Silver Church). ", "Both concerts featured byron as opening act; ex-members of Kumm Dan Byron and Csergö Dominic performed as guests with the band. ", "The Bucharest concert also featured Mani Gutău from Urma and Artanu'.", "\n\nOn January 22, 2013, the band announced on their Facebook page the departure of their lead singer Cătălin Mocan and their decision to continue as a five piece band, with Oigăn assuming Mocan's vocal duties. ", "Kumm also confirmed that they were working on their sixth studio album. ", "The first concert with the new lineup was held in Flying Circus Pub, Cluj, on February 1; the band performed with Călina Curticăpean as guest vocalist, and kept touring with her for a while.", "\n\nOn May 17, Kumm released a video for the song \"Să nu spui nimănui\" (Romanian for \"Don't tell anyone\"), produced by Kovács András. ", "The song featured Călina Curticăpean at vocals and was the band's first song in Romanian since \"Morsa\".", "\n\nDuring the summer of 2013, jazz musician Ana-Cristina Leonte joined the live lineup of the band, replacing Curticăpean as guest vocalist.", "\n\nOn November 28, the band released a video for the song \"One in a Million\"; the video was directed by Vlad Gliga.", "\n\nOn November 29, Kumm were invited by Radio Guerrilla to perform at the event \"9 concerte pentru 9 ani\" (Romanian for \"9 concerts for 9 years\") organized by the station in order to celebrate their ninth anniversary.", "\n\nIn December, Oigăn released the first album of his new project, Moon Museum; the release was accompanied by a concert at J'ai Bistrot, Bucharest.", "\n\nOn February 6, 2014, Kumm released their sixth studio album, A Mysterious Place Called Somewhere. ", "The concert took place at The Tube in Bucharest, and featured former lead singer Dan Byron, singer Luiza Zan, Cristi Csapo from Grimus, Ana-Cristina Leonte and Călina Curticăpean. ", "The band began a national tour in order to promote the new album; the tour included Timișoara, Oradea, Iași, Brașov and Târgu Mureș. ", "The reviews were positive, the album being described as a \"reaffirmation of an important band for the Romanian musical scene\" and \"a sonic medicine for the soul\".", "\n\nIn April 2014, the song \"Să nu spui nimănui\" was nominated for The Best Indie / Alternative Rock at One Air Music Awards.", "\n\nKumm continued to tour in April and May, visiting Baia Mare and Constanța.", "\n\nOn June 16, Kumm concerted during Guerrilive Radio Session at Radio Guerrilla and on June 30 they opened for Billy Idol at Cluj-Napoca along with Les Elephants Bizarres and RoadKillSoda.", "\n\nDuring autumn, Oigăn was confirmed as the new bass player for Robin and the Backstabbers. ", "Kumm continued their live concerts, performing at Focus Festival (Sibiu) along with Omul cu Șobolani, Coma and Gojira and at FILIT (Iași).", "\n\nAnniversary of Confuzz, hiatus and return of Cătălin Mocan (2015–present)\n\nIn January 2015, Kumm announced their intention to celebrate 150 months since the release of their second album, Confuzz, with a small national tour featuring Dan Byron, their former lead vocal between 2001 and 2005. ", "The tour began at the end of January, continuing in February, and included Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Iași and Galați.", "\n\nOn June 12, Kumm performed at Arenele Romane, during Street Delivery Nights, sharing the stage with Robin and the Backstabbers and byron. ", "On July 3, the band appeared at the fifth edition of Rocker's Challenge, at Sasca Română.", "\n\nOn August 15, 2015, Kumm concerted at Grădina cu Filme in Bucharest with a different line-up which included Anghel Mailat (Brum) at bass guitar and Tavi Scurtu at drums, replacing John Ciurea.", "\n\nFollowing the Colectiv nightclub fire, Kumm posted on their Facebook page a message of support for the victims and their families.", "\n\nThe band was in hiatus for most of 2016, with the exception of a concert in Cluj-Napoca during Rocking the City.", "\n\nOn June 1, 2017, Kumm performed three songs during the first edition of Caritabil Fest, a festival organized for three young cancer patients in remission. ", "The concert marked the return of Cătălin Mocan as lead vocal after an absence of four years, and also the return of John Ciurea as drummer.", "\n\nAdditional projects\nMany of Kumm's former members, as well as the current ones, have additional musical projects. ", "Csergö Dominic and Sorin Erhan are part of Urma, a band in which Dan Byron sang as well. ", "Oigăn released a solo album, called Sex with Onions, while Iordache released two albums with his funk jazz band.", "\n\nDiscography\nStudio albums\nMoonsweat March (2000)\nConfuzz (2002)\nAngels & Clowns (2005)\nDifferent Parties (2006)\nFar From Telescopes (2009)\nA Mysterious Place Called Somewhere (2014)\n\nEP's\nYellow Fever (2003)\n\nMembers\n\nCurrent members\n Cătălin Mocan - lead vocals (2005–2013; 2017–present)\n Eugen Nuțescu (Oigăn) - lead guitar, vocals, harmonica (1997–present)\n Kovács András - keyboards (1997–present)\n Mihai Iordache - saxophone (2003–present)\n Dan Georgescu - bass guitar (2015–present)\n John Ciurea - drums (2010–2015; 2017–present)\n\nFormer members\n Meier Zsolt - saxophone (1997–1999)\n Pap Joco - drums (1997–2000)\n Petö Zoltán - saxophone (2000–2003)\n Keresztes Levente - bass guitar (2000–2004)\n Dan Radu (Byron) - lead vocals (2001–2005)\n Csergö Dominic - drums (1999–2009)\n Sorin Erhan - bass guitar (2008–2010)\n Paul Ballo - drums (2009–2010)\n Alexandru Miu - bass guitar (2010–2011)\n Uțu Pascu - bass guitar (2004–2008; 2011-2014)\n\nFormer touring members\n Călina Maria Curticăpean - vocals (2013)\n Ana-Cristina Leonte - vocals, violin (2013–2015)\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:Romanian alternative rock groups" ]

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[ "Kumar Galhotra\n\nKumar Galhotra, born Dec 10, 1965 in India, is group vice president and president, Ford North America, from March 1, 2018. ", "Previously, Galhotra was group vice president, Lincoln (2014-2018) and chief marketing officer for Ford Motor Company (2017-2018). ", "Previously he was Vice-President of Engineering at Ford Motor Co. He joined Ford in 2012 having worked for Mazda in Japan.", "\n\nGalhotra finished his education at the University of Michigan–Dearborn, where he gained a bachelor of science in mechanical engineering.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1965 births\nCategory:Ford executives\nCategory:Indian-American businesspeople\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:University of Michigan–Dearborn alumni" ]

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[ "State-playoff bound\n\nGreene’s varsity field hockey team poses with the Section IV championship trophy after defeating Whitney Point last Saturday at Cortland State, 4-1, in the Class A final. ", "The Trojans open their state playoff run Saturday at 1 p.m. against Section III champion Liverpool at Vestal’s Dick Hoover Field." ]

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[ "Report from the panel on the Case for Registers of Clinical Trials at the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Clinical Trials.", "\nA plenary session at the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Clinical Trials addressed \"The Case for Registers of Clinical Trials.\" ", "There are a number of reasons for having registers of clinical trials: to promote collaboration and communication among investigators regarding new and ongoing clinical trials, to provide a basis for methodologic research, and to facilitate meta-analysis by the availability of a system of trial identification that is independent of the published literature. ", "The experience gleaned by those involved with two existing trial registers, the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Registry and the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, can be used to provide insight into the issues generic to trial registration. ", "The time perspective to be used, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the practicability of comprehensive prospective registration, and funding are central considerations for these and other registers." ]

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[ "Fynn is adored by his foster family, and especially by his baby foster sister!", "\n\nPlease share the good news for Fynn, in hopes that his forever family will find him soon!", "\n\nLove Without Boundaries proudly advocates for adoption but is not an adoption agency. ", "We invite you to contact adoptionassistance@lwbmail.com with questions about a child we have featured and encourage you to contact your adoption agency for more information about China’s Waiting Child Program." ]

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[ "Stroudsburg borough officials are offering a reward for anyone who might have information about who damaged one of their shade trees.", "\n\nA 12-inch section of bark has been removed from the bottom circumference of the tree, which is in front of 539 Scott St., said Stroudsburg Borough Manager Barbara Quarantello.", "\n\n\"It makes it look like a beaver was chewing the bark off the tree, but we think someone used a chainsaw to chip off the bark,\" she said.", "\n\nBorough officials must now remove the tree, because the damage will eventually kill it.", "\n\nNutrients are passed from the roots to the rest of the tree though its bark, Quarantello said. ", "With a strip of that size removed, the tree won't be able to get the proper nutrients.", "\n\nSeveral years ago, a vandal removed a one-inch strip of bark from the circumference of this same tree, she said. ", "Officials never found out who damaged the tree back then.", "\n\nBorough maintenance workers noticed the most recent damage in the fall while they were doing leaf clean-up.", "\n\nThe damage was reported to police, who have reached out to residents in the area, but so far they haven't come up with any leads, Quarantello said. ", "That's why the borough council decided to offer a reward.", "\n\nAt their Jan. 16 meeting, council members authorized a $300 reward for anyone who comes forward with information that leads to the conviction of those responsible for the vandalism. ", "The money will come from the borough's general fund, Quarantello said.", "\n\nAnyone with information is asked to call 570-421-5444 or email stbgboro@ptd.net" ]

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[ "Night Watch (1973 film)\n\nNight Watch is a 1973 British-American suspense-thriller film directed by Brian G. Hutton. ", "The film reunited Elizabeth Taylor with co-star Laurence Harvey from their 1960 collaboration BUtterfield 8. ", "It was the last time the pair acted together on screen. ", "Some of the story elements were inspired by the plot outline of the play and 1944 film Gaslight.", "\n\nPlot\nBased on a play by Lucille Fletcher, Night Watch is a suspense thriller about a woman named Ellen Wheeler (Elizabeth Taylor), who one night, during a raging thunderstorm, frantically tells her husband John (Laurence Harvey) that from the living room window she has seen a murder being committed in the large old deserted house next door. ", "John calls the police, but a search of the old house turns up nothing.", "\n\nThe next morning, Ellen notices a freshly planted bed of Laburnum in the garden next to the old house that was not there before. ", "She calls the investigating detective, Inspector Walker (Bill Dean), and suggests that the body of the murder victim she witnessed may be buried there. ", "Inspector Walker then questions the nextdoor neighbor of the old house, Mr. Appleby (Robert Lang), who confirms that he planted the trees the night before during the storm, but refuses to let the police search the garden or dig up the plants he just planted.", "\n\nEllen is revealed to be recovering from a mental breakdown that occurred after her unfaithful first husband, Carl, was killed a few years earlier in an auto accident with his paramour. ", "Ellen was traumatized by having to identify the bodies in the local morgue. ", "Inspector Walker confides to John that Ellen may be mentally ill and suggests rest and a doctor. ", "Ellen continues to maintain that she saw a murder in the deserted house, but there is no proof and John remains skeptical. ", "Ellen's visiting friend Sarah Cooke (Billie Whitelaw) is equally skeptical and tries humoring Ellen by suggesting that she sees what she thinks she sees because of her recent breakdown.", "\n\nWhen both Ellen and Sarah see a man enter the old house the following night, they call the police, who find Mr. Appleby wandering around with a flashlight and arrest him for trespassing. ", "A second search of the house and excavation of the garden reveal nothing, and Inspector Walker closes the case.", "\n\nJohn then brings over a psychiatrist friend of his, Tony (Tony Britton). ", "After learning about the death of Ellen's first husband and her nervous breakdown, Tony suggests going to a clinic in another country for a few weeks. ", "Ellen agrees to do so. ", "That evening, Ellen claims to John and Sarah that she saw another body in the old house next door, that of a woman. ", "Ellen is then sedated by John and Sarah, who think that Ellen may be losing her mind.", "\n\nThe following evening, as Ellen prepares to leave for the airport she suddenly accuses John and Sarah of having an affair and plotting to drive her insane in order to commit her to an asylum, and she refuses to accept their denials. ", "Ellen reveals a house key that she found, which belongs to the old house across the courtyard, but John still denies cheating on her or having anything to do with what has been going on. ", "Ellen then runs into the old house and lets herself inside using the key, and both John and Sarah chase after her. ", "It is here that Ellen lures both of them to the second floor room where she claimed to have seen the two bodies, and violently attacks and stabs both them to death with a butcher knife, positioning them in exactly the same manner that she claimed to have seen the two bodies.", "\n\nThe film's denouement reveals that Ellen had only pretended to be insane by claiming to have seen two murders in the house next door as part of a complex scheme of hers to murder both John and Sarah for their affair. ", "Mr. Appleby, who had grown up in John and Ellen's house before they purchased it, makes a surprise appearance, startling Ellen and congratulating her on pulling off her complex scheme. ", " After informing her that he won't go to the police, as Inspector Walker won't believe him either, Ellen asks Mr. Appleby to look after her house as well as the garden. ", " Mr. Appleby happily agrees to do so as Ellen bids him goodbye and departs.", "\n\nCast\n Elizabeth Taylor as Ellen Wheeler\n Laurence Harvey as John Wheeler\n Billie Whitelaw as Sarah Cooke\n Robert Lang as Mr. Appleby\n Tony Britton as Tony\n Bill Dean as Inspector Walker\n Michael Danvers-Walker as Sergeant Norris\n Rosario Serrano as Dolores\n Pauline Jameson as Secretary\n Linda Hayden as Girl in car\n Kevin Colson as Carl\n Laon Maybanke as Florist\n David Jackson as Wilson\n\nExternal links \n \n \n\nCategory:1973 films\nCategory:British films\nCategory:British mystery films\nCategory:British horror films\nCategory:American films\nCategory:American mystery films\nCategory:American horror thriller films\nCategory:English-language films\nCategory:1970s crime thriller films\nCategory:1970s mystery films\nCategory:1973 horror films\nCategory:Films directed by Brian G. Hutton\nCategory:British films based on plays\nCategory:American films based on plays\nCategory:Embassy Pictures films\nCategory:Films scored by John Cameron" ]

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[ "\"The one thing (Snead) likes about Goff is Goff understood he had to understand the language and the alignments of the scheme,\" Wyche said. \"", "So when they came up for their minicamp right before the draft, he said Goff was right on point. ", "He said after the minicamp, coaches said (Goff) exceeded expectations. ", "And to quote Snead, 'Last year he was a blank slate, now that is no longer the case. ", "He understands what NFL offenses want, and more importantly, he understands what NFL defenses want to do.'\"" ]

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[ "Systolic elastance and resistance in the regulation of cardiac pumping function in early streptozotocin-diabetic rats.", "\nWe determined the roles of maximal systolic elastance (E(max)) and theoretical maximum flow ((max)) in the regulation of cardiac pumping function in early streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. ", "Physically, E(max) can reflect the intrinsic contractility of the myocardium as an intact heart, and (max) has an inverse relation to the systolic resistance of the left ventricle. ", "Rats given STZ 65 mg/kg i.v. (", "n = 17) were divided into two groups, 1 week and 4 weeks after induction of diabetes, and compared with untreated age-matched controls (n = 15). ", "Left ventricular (LV) pressure and ascending aortic flow signals were recorded to calculate E(max) and (max), using the elastance-resistance model. ", "After 1 or 4 weeks, STZ-diabetic animals show an increase in effective LV end-diastolic volume (V(eed)), no significant change in peak isovolumic pressure (P(iso)(max)), and a decline in effective arterial volume elastance (E(a)). ", "The maximal systolic elastance E(max) is reduced from 751.5 +/- 23.1 mmHg/ml in controls to 514.1 +/- 22.4 mmHg/ml in 1- and 538.4 +/- 33.8 mmHg/ml in 4-week diabetic rats. ", "Since E(max) equals P(iso)(max)/V(eed), an increase in V(eed) with unaltered P(iso)(max) may primarily act to diminish E(max) so that the intrinsic contractility of the diabetic heart is impaired. ", "By contrast, STZ-diabetic rats have higher theoretical maximum flow (max) (40.9 +/- 2.8 ml/s in 1- and 44.5 +/- 3.8 ml/s in 4-week diabetic rats) than do controls (30.7 +/- 1.7 ml/s). ", "There exists an inverse relation between (max) and E(a) when a linear regression of (max) on E(a) is performed over all animals studied (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). ", "The enhanced (max) is indicative of the decline in systolic resistance of the diabetic rat heart. ", "The opposing effects of enhanced (max) and reduced E(max) may negate each other, and then the cardiac pumping function of the early STZ-diabetic rat heart could be preserved before cardiac failure occurs." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having xylanase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. ", "The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nCellulose is a polymer of the simple sugar glucose linked by beta-1,4 bonds. ", "Many microorganisms produce enzymes that hydrolyze beta-linked glucans. ", "These enzymes include endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and beta-glucosidases. ", "Endoglucanases digest the cellulose polymer at random locations, opening it to attack by cellobiohydrolases. ", "Cellobiohydrolases sequentially release molecules of cellobiose from the ends of the cellulose polymer. ", "Cellobiose is a water-soluble beta-1,4-linked dimer of glucose. ", "Beta-glucosidases hydrolyze cellobiose to glucose.", "\nThe conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks into ethanol has the advantages of the ready availability of large amounts of feedstock, the desirability of avoiding burning or land filling the materials, and the cleanliness of the ethanol fuel. ", "Wood, agricultural residues, herbaceous crops, and municipal solid wastes have been considered as feedstocks for ethanol production.", "\nThese materials primarily consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. ", "Once the cellulose is converted to glucose, the glucose is easily fermented by yeast into ethanol.", "\nThere is a need in the art to improve cellulolytic protein compositions through supplementation with additional enzymes to increase efficiency and to provide cost-effective enzyme solutions for degradation of lignocellulose.", "\nThe present invention provides polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to install mobx 3\n\nI was trying to install mobx 3 according to the instructions here.", "\nI got mobx 2.7 after running this:\nnpm install mobx --save\n\nIsn't mobx 3.x out?", "\n\nA:\n\nnpm install mobx@3.0.0 --save to install exact version (e.g. 3.0.0) \nnpm install mobx@^3.0.0 --save to install latest 3.x version (you don't know exact number and want to include the latest fixes)\n\n" ]

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[ "Kredit foto: apakabarkampus.com\n\nWAJIB presensi kuliah adalah peraturan yang sudah lama, dan kebanyakan mahasiswa sudah merasa terbiasa dengan hal itu. ", "Yang namanya mahasiswa, ya kuliah. ", "Jangan bolos. ", "Supaya tidak bolos, dibikin aturan wajib presensi kuliah. ", "Bagi mahasiswa yang presensinya kurang dari batas tertentu, biasanya 75%, konsekuensinya tidak bisa ikut ujian. ", "Maka siap-siap saja si mahasiswa itu tidak mendapat skor, lalu indeks prestasinya jelek, dan mesti mengulang mata kuliah pada semester berikutnya. ", "Saya kira aturan ini terdapat hampir di semua kampus.", "\n\nTapi jika dilihat secara historis, aturan wajib presensi kuliah ternyata usianya tidak lama-lama amat. ", "Senior-senior saya pada angkatan 2000-an awal, 90an, 80an, dan seterusnya, pernah bercerita bahwa pada perkuliahan semasa mereka tidak seketat seperti sekarang. ", "Berbeda dengan sekarang, mahasiswa dulu tidak ada kewajiban presensi kuliah. ", "Selama si mahasiswa bisa menyelesaikan ujian dengan baik dan benar, maka tentu si mahasiswa mendapat skor yang tinggi.", "\n\nKetika mahasiswa sekarang membayangkan hal itu, barangkali mereka terheran-heran. ", "Bagaimana jika itu terjadi lagi saat ini? ", "Mungkin sebagian orang akan ada yang berbahagia menerima itu, dan sebagian yang lain akan menolaknya.", "\n\nBagi kalangan aktivis mahasiswa yang punya segudang kesibukan, mungkin mereka akan senang jika wajib presensi kuliah dihapuskan. ", "Mereka tidak perlu lagi bikin surat izin ketidakhadiran, ataupun titip tanda tangan pada teman. ", "Mereka bisa lebih sering terlibat dalam kegiatan-kegiatan organisasi baik itu di dalam maupun di luar kampus.", "\n\nBagi kalangan mahasiswa yang tidak niat kuliah pun juga menjadi keberkahan tersendiri. ", "Mereka bisa memanfaatkan ketiadaan wajib presensi kuliah dengan jalan-jalan, ikut berbagai pameran seni, menggeluti hobi yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan kuliah, atau bahkan membuka perusahaan sendiri. ", "Yang penting tetap ikut ujian.", "\n\nTapi saya meyakini pasti ada juga orang-orang yang merasa bahwa aturan wajib presensi kuliah itu sudah benar adanya. ", "Bahwa memang aturan tersebut dibuat dan ditegakkan agar mahasiswa menjadi disiplin. ", "Yang namanya mahasiswa, ya kuliah. ", "Jangan bolos.", "\n\nPerkuliahan Sekadar Formalitas\n\nApa urgensi kita membahas peraturan tentang wajib presensi perkuliahan? ", "Saya melihat, penerapan dari aturan ini telah membuat kehidupan kampus menjadi terkesan berjalan hanya untuk formalitas. ", "Mahasiswa hadir kuliah bukan karena mereka ingin hadir, tapi karena wajib. ", "Meskipun materi kuliahnya sudah tidak relevan, meskipun cara dosen mengajar cenderung monoton, meskipun si mahasiswa yang duduk di barisan belakang lebih banyak yang tidur atau main gawai, para mahasiswa tetap harus hadir perkuliahan karena itu wajib.", "\n\nBegitu juga dengan dosen. ", "Ketika si dosen suatu ketika tidak bisa menyelenggarakan perkuliahan karena hal tertentu, biasanya ia akan mengadakan perkuliahan pengganti di lain hari. ", "Apa alasannya? ", "Dapat kita mengerti bersama bahwa dosen pun berkepentingan atas terselenggaranya perkuliahan. ", "Ada uang insentif bagi dosen dari perkuliahan yang berhasil ia selenggarakan. ", "Berhubung ada aturan wajib presensi bagi mahasiswa, maka kapan pun si dosen menyelenggarakan perkuliahan, si mahasiswa akan hadir.", "\n\nKetika kehidupan kampus berjalan sekedar formalitas, maka tujuan dari perkuliahan adalah untuk sekadar terselenggaranya perkuliahan. ", "Atau istilah kasarnya, supaya kampus tetap ngapa-ngapain. ", "Tentu kita bersyukur masih ada dosen dan mahasiswa yang mau sungguh-sungguh belajar dalam perkuliahan. ", "Tapi tidak sedikit pula dosen dan mahasiswa yang tidak sungguh-sungguh, dan sekadar menjalani kewajiban. ", "Si dosen pun menjadi tidak termotivasi untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar dan metode ajarnya. ", "Seringkali bahkan si dosen bukannya mengajar, malah menceritakan hal-hal yang tidak relevan dengan mata kuliah, sekadar untuk membunuh durasi.", "\n\nWajib hadir kuliah bagi mahasiswa ini diharapkan agar mahasiswa cepat lulus. ", "Mahasiswa didorong untuk hanya berfokus pada urusan studi akademiknya, dan bukan yang lain semisal berorganisasi dan ikut serta dalam advokasi isu-isu rakyat. ", "Ketika fokus, maka bisa cepat lulus.", "\n\nPercepatan kelulusan mahasiswa ini merupakan bagian dari proyek Indonesia dengan Bank Dunia (World Bank) yang bernama Indonesia-Managing Higher Education for Relevance and Efficiency (I-MHERE). ", "Dalam website resmi Bank Dunia dipaparkan bahwa proyek ini dimulai sejak 9 Juni 2005 dan berakhir pada 31 Desember 2012. ", "Pendanaan total proyek ini adalah 114,54 juta USD, dengan nilai komitmen sebesar 80 juta USD, dalam bentuk bantuan dana (grant) dan pinjaman (loan).[1] Adapun yang menjadi tujuan dari proyek ini adalah menciptakan keadaan yang memungkinkan bagi perkembangan akuntabilitas dan otonomi institusi perguruan tinggi negeri, dan untuk mengembangkan mekanisme pendukung yang efektif bagi perbaikan kualitas, relevansi, efisiensi, dan pemerataan pendidikan tinggi.[2]\n\nSalah satu target proyek I-MHERE adalah berkurangnya waktu yang dibutuhkan bagi mahasiswa untuk lulus sebesar 10%, atau dengan kata lain menjadi 54 bulan (atau 9 semester), bagi mahasiswa yang berada di perguruan tinggi penerima dana hibah. ", "Tadinya waktu rata-rata kelulusan adalah 56,7 bulan pada tahun 2009. ", "Laporan proyek I-MHERE ini kemudian menyebutkan pada tahun 2012, target ini terpenuhi dengan capaian waktu rata-rata kelulusan 51,6 bulan.[3]\n\nSaya tentu tidak mempermasalahkan jika ada mahasiswa yang memang lulus dengan tepat waktu, atau bahkan lebih cepat daripada yang mahasiswa yang lain. ", "Tapi manakala percepatan kelulusan itu seperti seolah dipaksakan dari luar, dan bukan dari kemampuan dan keinginan mahasiswa itu sendiri, maka percepatan kelulusan hanya akan memperbanyak jumlah sarjana tanpa menjamin kualitasnya. ", "Kuliah sekadar kuliah, dan lulus sekadar lulus.", "\n\nMenghapus Wajib Presensi Kuliah\n\nSaya mengusulkan agar wajib presensi kuliah dihapus. ", "Tujuannya agar kampus terbebas dari bahaya formalitas belaka. ", "Dengan dihapuskannya wajib presensi kuliah, ada beberapa manfaat yang muncul daripadanya.", "\n\nDari segi dosen, penghapusan wajib presensi kuliah akan membuat dosen termotivasi untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar dan metode ajarnya. ", "Sebab bila perkuliahan yang ia selenggarakan cenderung monoton dan tidak inovatif, dengan sendirinya akan ditinggalkan oleh mahasiswanya. ", "Termotivasinya sang dosen dalam mengembangkan mutu perkuliahannya, tentu akan berimbas langsung kepada mutu kampus itu sendiri. ", "Mau tidak mau kampus akan menjadi tempat yang sibuk bukan hanya sekadar formalitas perkuliahan, tapi juga tempat penelitian dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan.", "\n\nSebagai tambahan, dosen juga dapat menggunakan taktik tertentu agar mahasiswanya mau menghadiri perkuliahannya, semisal mengadakan kuis secara dadakan. ", "Meskipun porsi skor kuis itu tidak terlalu besar, tapi sebagian besar mahasiswa tidak mau melewatkan kesempatan untuk mengikuti kuis agar bisa memperoleh skor tambahan. ", "Bisa juga sang dosen melibatkan mahasiswa di perkuliahannya untuk menyusun kerangka bahan ajar dan metode ajar secara bersama-sama. ", "Lewat partisipasi semacam itu, maka ruang kuliah menjadi bukan hanya milik dosen semata, melainkan juga milik para mahasiswa. ", "Mahasiswa bisa ikut merancang perkuliahan macam apa yang mereka inginkan, semisal dengan metode nonton film, membuat arena debat, kuliah di alam terbuka, kuliah di masyarakat, dan sebagainya. ", "Perkuliahan akan menjadi ruang yang kreatif untuk mengimplementasikan demokrasi sehari-hari.", "\n\nBagi mahasiswa tentu hal ini akan membuat mahasiswa menjadi lebih bebas. ", "Keputusan akan menghadiri kuliah atau tidak, akan bersumber dari niat mahasiswa itu sendiri, dan bukan paksaan dari luar. ", "Mahasiswa yang memang berminat pada perkuliahan akan dengan sukarela menghadiri perkuliahan itu. ", "Bagi yang memiliki kesibukan di luar, maka ia juga bisa secara bebas meninggalkan perkuliahan tanpa kekangan atau bayang-bayang ketakutan tidak bisa ikut ujian.", "\n\nTetapi apakah dengan dihapusnya wajib presensi kuliah, maka kuliah akan cenderung sepi karena ditinggalkan mahasiswanya? ", "Tidak juga. ", "Jika sang dosen juga punya niat untuk memperbaiki mutu perkuliahannya, diskusi semakin hidup di ruang kuliah, selalu ada hal baru di perkuliahan, dibukanya partisipasi mahasiswa dalam merumuskan bahan dan metode ajar, maka mahasiswa akan dengan sendirinya meramaikan perkuliahan itu. ", "Dan perlu dicatat bahwa kehadiran mahasiswa ini jelas bukan karena formalitas atau sekadar wajib hadir, tapi karena kesukarelaan dan keinginan mereka sendiri.***", "\n\nPenulis adalah Staf Departemen Organisasi FMN Cabang Yogyakarta, penulis buku “Kuliah Kok Mahal?”", "\n\n————\n\n[1] Lihat http://projects.worldbank.org/P085374/higher-education-relevance-efficiency?lang=en&tab=overview\n\n[2] World Bank, Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Loan and a Proposed Credit to The Republic of Indonesia for a Managing Higher Education for Relevance and Efficiency Project, 17 Mei 2005, hlm 13.", "\n\nhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/397131468260378454/pdf/31644.pdf\n\n[3] World Bank, Implementation Completion and Results Report on a Loan in the Amount of US$50.00 Million and a Credit in the Amount of SDR 19.85 Million (US$30 Million Equivalent) to the Republic of Indonesia for a Managing Higher Education for Relevance and Efficiency Project, June 25, 2013.", "\n\nhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/139941468039051518/pdf/ICR23790P0853740Box0377384B00PUBLIC0.pdf" ]

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[ "// *** WARNING: this file was generated by the Pulumi Terraform Bridge (tfgen) Tool. ***", "\n// *** Do not edit by hand unless you're certain you know what you are doing! ***", "\n\nusing System;\nusing System.", "Collections.", "Generic;\nusing System.", "Collections.", "Immutable;\nusing System.", "Threading.", "Tasks;\nusing Pulumi.", "Serialization;\n\nnamespace Pulumi.", "Aws.", "WafV2.Outputs\n{\n\n [OutputType]\n public sealed class WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatch\n {\n /// <summary>\n /// Inspect all query arguments.", "\n /// </summary>\n public readonly Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchAllQueryArguments? ", "AllQueryArguments;\n /// <summary>\n /// Inspect the request body, which immediately follows the request headers.", "\n /// </summary>\n public readonly Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchBody? ", "Body;\n /// <summary>\n /// Inspect the HTTP method. ", "The method indicates the type of operation that the request is asking the origin to perform.", "\n /// </summary>\n public readonly Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchMethod? ", "Method;\n /// <summary>\n /// Inspect the query string. ", "This is the part of a URL that appears after a `?", "` character, if any.", "\n /// </summary>\n public readonly Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchQueryString? ", "QueryString;\n /// <summary>\n /// Inspect a single header. ", "See Single Header below for details.", "\n /// </summary>\n public readonly Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchSingleHeader? ", "SingleHeader;\n /// <summary>\n /// Inspect a single query argument. ", "See Single Query Argument below for details.", "\n /// </summary>\n public readonly Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchSingleQueryArgument? ", "SingleQueryArgument;\n /// <summary>\n /// Inspect the request URI path. ", "This is the part of a web request that identifies a resource, for example, `/images/daily-ad.jpg`.", "\n /// </summary>\n public readonly Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchUriPath? ", "UriPath;\n\n [OutputConstructor]\n private WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatch(\n Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchAllQueryArguments? ", "allQueryArguments,\n\n Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchBody? ", "body,\n\n Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchMethod? ", "method,\n\n Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchQueryString? ", "queryString,\n\n Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchSingleHeader? ", "singleHeader,\n\n Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchSingleQueryArgument? ", "singleQueryArgument,\n\n Outputs.", "WebAclRuleStatementRateBasedStatementScopeDownStatementOrStatementStatementOrStatementStatementSizeConstraintStatementFieldToMatchUriPath? ", "uriPath)\n {\n AllQueryArguments = allQueryArguments;\n Body = body;\n Method = method;\n QueryString = queryString;\n SingleHeader = singleHeader;\n SingleQueryArgument = singleQueryArgument;\n UriPath = uriPath;\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Tag Archives: Ryan Potulny\n\nAfter a spirited 4-2 win last night in Peoria, the IceHogs return home to MetroCentre in Rockford tonight for a clash with West Division leading Milwaukee Admirals.", "\n\nTonight will be the 8th in 10 season matchups between these two teams.", "Rockford comes in 2-3-1-1 against Milwaukee this season.", "The IceHogs have been outscored, 16-20.Rockford’s power play has lit the lamp 5 times in 26 chances (19.2%), while the penalty killing units have held Milwaukee to just four goals (24-28, 85.7%).Five of these games have essentially been decided by one goal (the Feb 4th contest at MIL saw Brett Palin pot an empty-netter to give the Admirals a 4-2 victory) and three have needed overtime, two of those extending to a shootout.", "\n\nRockford should be looking to extract a measure of redemption for a porous showing in the Bradley Center two weeks ago when the Admirals jumped out to a 5-0 lead by the 16:45 mark of the opening period.", "IceHogs head coach made two goaltending switches in the first period; Alec Richards to Hannu Toivonen and back to Richards.", "\n\nHannu Toivonen lasted barely two minutes in relief of Richards, allowing two goals on three shots.", "\n\nWith Richards securing Rockford’s win last night, he has now backstopped the team to their only three wins over the past five and a half weeks.", "\n\nLook for Richards between the pipes tonight.", "\n\nJeff Taffe continues to carry the burden of offense on his back along with his center, Ryan Potulny.", "\n\nTaffe has a 13-game point streak going into tonight’s game.9 goals and 11 assists over that stretch.", "He’s also a minus-7 with 39 shots on goal (23.1 shooting percentage) in that time.", "A lot of the damage he’s done this season has come with the man advantage.", "\n\nRyan Potulny has a 5-game point streak going as well.4 goals and 3 assists for Potulny.", "His plus/minus is even, with 14 shots getting to the net (28.6%) in his last five games.", "\n\nTaffe is just two games shy now of the IceHogs’ AHL record for consecutive games point scoring streak.", "A marker held by Martin St. Pierre.", "\n\nRockford recalled 6-foot 7-inch defenseman Simon Danis-Pepin from the Toledo Walleye (ECHL) today.", "The Montreal native and former Maine Black Bear appeared in 22 games with the Walleye since getting the assignment from Rockford to Toledo on January 8th.", "Danis-Pepin played with Toledo last night in a 8-5 loss at Kalamazoo.", "He was held off the scoresheet, but was a minus-4.", "\n\nWith Cullimore and Vishnevskiy already out with short-term injuries, the IceHogs were without an extra defenseman.", "\n\nDanis-Pepin was drafted by the Blackhawks 61st overall in the 2nd round of the 2006 NHL Draft.", "He signed his three-year entry level deal officially on July 8, 2009 and is under contract to the organization through the 2011-12 season.", "\n\nIn that game in Kalamazoo last night, Mitch Versteeg, the brother of former Blackhawks and current Phiadelphia Flyers winger Kris Versteeg, recorded a “Gordie Howe Hat-trick”, scoring a goal, picking up an assist on the first goal of the game and getting a fighting major with 3:29 left in the game.", "Mitch is a 22-year old, 6’2 – 205 pound defenseman with no NHL affiliation.", "\n\nBill Peters’ lines tonight vs Milwaukee look like this:\n\nRob Klinkhammer – Ryan Potulny – Jeff Taffe\n\nMathis Olimb – Evan Brophey – Ben Smith\n\nKyle Hagel – Pete Leblanc – Igor Makarov\n\nBrandon Bollig – Zach Torquato – Kyle Beach\n\nOn the defense:\n\nGarnet Exelby – Dylan Olsen\n\nBrian Connelly – Simon Danis-Pepin\n\nWade Brookbank – Shawn Lalonde\n\nNotes:\n\nKyle Beach’s demotion to the fourth line, or stay there, is in no doubt related to an undisciplined slashing penalty Beach took late in the second period last night at Peoria.", "With Beach in the box, Mark Cundari tied the game for the Rivermen.", "Luckily for Beach and the Hogs, Jeff Taffe posted his second of the night moments later and Rockford would hold on.", "But not enough to get Beach out of Peters’ doghouse tonight apparently.", "Old habits die hard.", "\n\nZach Torquato was also recalled from Toledo.", "He’s on an AHL contract with Rockford.", "\n\nRockford continues its busiest week of the season tonight when they bus to Rosemont, Illinois for the 7th of 10 matchups this season with the Chicago Wolves. ", "The two teams have split the games even so far.", "\n\nAs a team, the IceHogs have been nothing short of awful of late.", "\n\nRockford has lost 13 of their last 15 games (2-11-2-0). ", "Seven of those losses have come on home ice. ", "When this recent stretch of losses began back on January 21st, Rockford was three games above the .500 mark (19-16-1-4) having won seven of ten.", "\n\nToday, the IceHogs (21-27-3-4) are deeply trenched in last place in the West division, trailing 7th place Chicago by 15 points. ", "With only 25 games left in the regular season, the IceHogs would essentially have to run the table now in order to grab a spot in the postseason. ", "Just two teams in the league (Adirondack and Bridgeport) hold fewer wins than Rockford.", "\n\nThe chief culprit in this recent swoon has been some inexplicable poor starts.", "\n\nDating back to Jan 21st, Rockford is being outscored 27-11 in the opening period. ", "It gets a little better in the middle stanza (10gf-15ga) while the 3rd period rings dead-even (14-14).", "\n\nOn five occasions in the last 15 starts, Rockford has trailed by two or more goals after the opening twenty minutes. ", "Three times, they trailed by three or more. ", "On Feb 13 at Milwaukee, the IceHogs trailed after the first period 5-1.", "\n\nWhile the goaltending of Alec Richards and Hannu Toivonen has been less than adequate at times over the downturn, Rockford’s defense has largely been to blame. ", "Read more »\n\nThe Rockford IceHogs continue to do the cha-cha with the .500 mark in their pursuit of an AHL postseason berth.", "\n\nRockford finds themselves a game above the .500 mark for the 4th time in the last 16 days after a 3-1 victory over the visiting Texas Stars on Friday night.", "\n\nGoals from Kyle Beach, Jeremy Morin and a late empty-netter by Ryan Potulny were enough to lead the IceHogs to victory against the Dallas Stars minor league affiliate.", "\n\n38 games into the season (AHL season runs 80 games), Rockford is 17-16-1-4 and entrenched in last place (8th) in the AHL’s West Division.", "\n\nNot all is lost, however. ", "The IceHogs own games in hand on every team in their division and being that the West division will likely send five teams to the playoffs, Rockford need only climb over three teams to reach that coveted fifth spot.", "\n\nFriday’s game against the Stars was absolutely essential for the IceHogs. ", "Texas came into the game as the fourth-place team in the West and held an 11-point advantage on Rockford in the standings. ", "But with only two games in hand on Texas, Rockford could basically cross Texas off the list of teams they could realistically leap-frog had they not won Friday’s contest in regulation. ", "Read more »\n\nIn the off season, Morin, 19, was acquired from Atlanta in the deal that sent Dustin Byfuglien, Ben Eager and Brent Sopel to the Thrashers. ", "Viktor Stalberg was the key return in the trade in which the Hawks sent Kris Versteeg to Toronto.", "\n\nIn the final exhibition game Sunday versus the Blues, Stalberg skated just under 9 minutes for coach Joel Quenneville, while Morin played 13:18 including several shifts on the power play. ", "Both were credited with two hits. ", "Morin registered two shots to Stalberg’s one. ", "Each picked up an assist while Morin finished a minus-1 and Stalberg a plus-1. ", "Morin’s effort leading to Marian Hossa’s deflection-goal during a second-period power play was a highlight of the game. ", "Afterwards, Quenneville called Morin’s night “okay.”", "\n\nThe move of Morin to the AHL trims the Blackhawks roster down to the maximum of 23 with the injury to Brian Campbell and demotion of goaltender Hannu Toivonen having previously gone down over the weekend.", "\n\nJack Skille (arm) is at this point still considered questionable for Thursday’s opener in Colorado. ", "Skille has said he thinks he’ll be ready.", "\n\nCullimore is still around in case the Hawks get cold feet with the Nick Leddy experiment or it simply doesn’t work out. ", "Cullimore had a better camp than most everyone is willing to give him credit for and while it may seem unfathomable to some, Cullimore is still a better option for Quenneville than rookies like Ivan Vishnevskiy or Brian Connelly.", "\n\nIf Skille can’t go Thursday, its very possible John Scott will dress as the 12th forward and Cullimore as the 6th-D against the Avalanche. ", "Remember, Nick Boynton will be serving a one-game suspension Thursday night for his throat-slashing gesture in the first exhibition game on September 22 in Winnipeg against the Tampa Bay Lightning.", "\n\nWith Jake Dowell dressing the final two preseason games and Ryan Potulny watching those contests from the stands, it would stand to reason Dowell is getting the call to center the fourth line in Game 1 of 82. ", "Or, both Dowell and Potulny dress (if Skille is out) in game one and Scott stands in as the 6th defenseman.", "\n\nWhile Jordan Hendry didn’t do much this exhibition season to gain many’s confidence in his ability to anchor the third defensive pairing, the 5-6 duo needs the additional mobility neither Boynton or Scott can provide. ", "Thus, Hendry could have a longer rope.", "\n\nIn regards to the Morin demotion….", "\n\nI think you’d be troubled to find a single person who felt Viktor Stalberg out-performed Jeremy Morin during the exhibition contests. ", "If this were a legitimate one vs one competition, Stalberg would be the player headed to the AHL. ", "But this obviously wasn’t.", "\n\nThere’s also not much to the notion Morin was a casualty of salary cap considerations. ", "While Morin’s 2010-11 potential performance bonuses total $170,000 more than Stalberg’s, those would be covered under the entry-level bonus cushion. ", "Also, Morin’s base salary and preliminary cap hit is $70,000 less than Stalberg’s. ", "So Morin’s preliminary hit is more favorable than Stalberg’s. ", "And if Morin were to stick all year at the NHL level and meet all his marks for those bonuses, I’m sure the Blackhawks wouldn’t mind.", "\n\nMore likely, if the cap figured into Morin’s case at all, is apparent inclusion of Nick Leddy on the opening night roster. ", "Leddy’s base salary according to numbers listed on CapGeek.com is $900,000. ", "Leddy also does not have attainable performance bonuses this season. ", "With Leddy in the mix on the Hawks’ blue line, the Hawks only have space for minimum sized contracts for the time being. ", "If Brian Campbell had not been injured Friday in the game with Pittsburgh, Leddy probably would not have made the team and Morin may have been rewarded with an early trial with the Hawks.", "\n\nWith Leddy in the picture, Morin had to beat out Stalberg since the contracts of Bickell, Skille, Potulny, Dowell, and even John Scott are all closer to the league minimum. ", "And ultimately, Morin doesn’t have to clear waivers while most of those players do, and that’s why Morin was never really in competition for a spot with anyone but Stalberg. ", "However, once Viktor Stalberg hits the 20 games played mark this season, he becomes waiver-eligible. ", "So you can see the pressure is on Stalberg to get going early or he could be headed to Rockford sooner than later after all. ", "Morin won’t become waiver-eligible until the 2014-15 season, or when he hits 160 NHL games played.", "\n\nStan Bowman, may also be looking to delay the passing of Jassen Cullimore through waivers until a few days after the season begins and teams set their initial rosters in case there would happen to be interest in him. ", "And there very well could be if you consider losing another veteran blue liner (Cullimore) would hurt the Hawks to a degree. ", "He hasn’t had a bad camp either. ", "While I’m pretty positive he’s not someone Bowman wants to see in any regularity in a Hawks uniform, Cullimore, who turns 38 in December, is still a veteran who could give the Hawks some minutes in a pinch and also has value skating with the young kids in Rockford.", "\n\nWhile I don’t find the Morin cut as any great injustice, it is slightly disconcerting to see Bowman’s slight of Morin. ", "That said, Stalberg can erase those thoughts in a hurry if he gets off to a quick start this week. ", "And by all accounts, Morin is a determined, intelligent kid and this probably won’t set him back any. ", "He could also use the experience of a season in the AHL to learn the intricacies of the pro game and continued improvement on his skating. ", "He was only in the running for a spot this year to begin with because the Hawks’ depth up front so poor.", "\n\nStalberg posted 9 goals and 14 points in 40 games with the lowly Toronto Maple Leafs last season. ", "In Chicago, he’s greeted, yes, with more-accomplished teammates, but also with greater expectations. ", "The early returns simply won’t do. ", "Stalberg will find himself on the outs soon enough if he can’t find the net and help provide some offense on one of the top three lines." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nJavascript not scrolling entire screen to top\n\nThis is a MVC 3 Razor View Engine Project... I have a notifications window that automatically scrolls to the bottom on page load.. This is shown on the screen as a partial view.. The problem is that when this happens the ENTIRE screen scrolls to the bottom not just the partial screen... I have been in circles with this and can not get just the partial view to scroll to the bottom... \nI am using this javascript on the bottom of the parent page in an attempt to force it to scroll to the top but to no avail... <script language=\"javascript\" type=\"text/javascript\">\n document.body.scrollTop = document.documentElement.scrollTop = 0;\n </script>\nThis is a sample of the Parent View:\n@Code\nViewData(\"Title\") = \"Testing Area\"\nEnd Code\n<link rel=\"Stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"@Url.", "Content(\"~/Content/pro_drop/pro_drop_1.css\")\" />\n<script src=\"@Url.", "Content(\"~/Content/pro_drop/stuHover.js\")\" type=\"text/javascript\"> </script>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n\n<script language=\"javascript\" type=\"text/javascript\">\nvar int = self.setInterval(function () { clock() }, 1000);\nfunction clock() {\n $.ajax({\n url: '@Url.", "Action(\"currentUsers\", \"Admin\")',\n type: \"GET\",\n success: function (result) {\n $(\"#CurrUsers\").html(result);\n }\n });\n}\n</script>\n<fieldset>\n\n<table style=\"border-style: hidden; vertical-align: top\">\n <tr>\n <td>\n <table style=\"border-style: hidden; vertical-align: top\">\n <tr>\n <td>\n <div id=\"CurrUsers\" style=\"font-size: x-small\">\n @Html.", "Partial(\"_CurrentUsers\", ViewBag.", "UserListOnline)\n </div>\n </td>\n\n </tr>\n </table>\n </td>\n\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td style=\"border-style: hidden; vertical-align: top\">\n <table style=\"border-style: hidden;\">\n <tr>\n <td>\n <div id=\"chatter\">\n @Html.", "Partial(\"ChatScreen\", ViewBag.", "ClientName)\n </div>\n </td>\n </tr>\n\n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n </table>\n\n<script language=\"javascript\" type=\"text/javascript\">\n document.body.scrollTop = document.documentElement.scrollTop = 0;\n</script>\n</fieldset>\n\nAnd then the @Html.", "Partial(\"ChatScreen\", ViewBag.", "ClientName) looks like this:\n<script src=\"@Url.", "Content(\"~/Scripts/jquery-1.6.2.min.js\")\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>\n<script src=\"@Url.", "Content(\"~/Scripts/modernizr-1.7.min.js\")\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>\n<script src=\"@Url.", "Content(\"~/Scripts/jquery.signalR-0.5.3.min.js\")\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>\n<script src=\"@Url.", "Content(\"~/signalR/hubs\")\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>\n<style>\n div.rectangular-area\n {\n border: 1px solid #999;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: #EEE;\n max-height: 240px;\n width: 500px;\n overflow : scroll;\n }\n </style>\n @code\n Dim xList As List(Of String) = ViewBag.msgHist\n End Code\n\n <div style=\"width:auto;height:400px\">\n\n <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n $(function () {\n\n var chat = $.connection.chat;\n var myClientName = '@ViewBag.", "ClientName';\n var autoScroll = true;\n if (autoScroll) {\n $('#messages').animate({ scrollTop: $('#messages').prop('scrollHeight') })\n };\n\n chat.", "GetMessage = function (myClientName, message) {\n $('#CheckinEvents').append('<br>' + myClientName + ' : ' + message);\n if (autoScroll) {\n $('#CheckinEvents').animate({ scrollTop: $('#CheckinEvents').prop('scrollHeight') })\n }\n };\n\n $('#msg').keydown(function (e) {\n if (e.which == 13) { //Enter\n e.preventDefault();\n chat.send(myClientName, $('#msg').val());\n $('#msg').val('');\n }\n });\n\n chat.addMessage = function (myClientName, message) {\n if (myClientName.indexOf(\"System\") !", "= -1) {\n $('#messages').append('<br><b style=\"color:red\">'+ myClientName + message + '</b>');\n }\n\n else\n {\n $('#messages').append('<br>' + myClientName + ' : '+ '<b style=\"color:#000000\">' + message);\n }\n\n if (autoScroll) {\n $('#messages').animate({ scrollTop: $('#messages').prop('scrollHeight') })\n }\n };\n\n $(\"#broadcast\").click(function () {\n // Call the chat method on the server\n chat.send($('#msg').val());\n });\n\n // Start the connection\n $.connection.hub.start();\n});\n</script>\n\n<div id=\"MessagingDiv\" class=\"rectangular-area\" style=\"width:600px\" >\n Notify all Admin:\n<input type=\"text\" id=\"msg\" style=\"width: 575px;\" maxlength=\"128\" />\n</div>\n\n<div id=\"messages\" class=\"rectangular-area\" style=\"text-align: left; width: 600px;\">\n<h3>\n Latest received events:\n</h3>\n@For Each item In xList\n If item.", "Contains(\"System Message\") Then\n @<br />@<b style=\"color: Red\">@item.", "Split(\"-\")(0) - <b style=\"color: Black\">@item.", "Split(\"-\")(1) : <b style=\"color: #8B6508\">@item.", "Split(\"-\")(3)</b></b> </b>\n Else\n @<br />@<b style=\"color:#00CDCD\">@item.", "Split(\"-\")(0) <b style=\"color: #FFA54F\">(@item.", "Split(\"-\")(1)) <b style=\"color:Black\"> : @item.", "Split(\"-\")(2)</b></b></b>\n End If\nNext\n</div>\n\n</div>\n\nA:\n\nThis was fixed by changing the line document.body.scrollTop = document.documentElement.scrollTop = 0; to\ndocument.scrollTop = 0;\nmaybe this will help someone else who runs into the same issue...\n\n" ]

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[ "Complications from intraocular surgery, especially cataract surgery, represent one of the most important and common causes of blinding corneal edema and bullous keratopathy. ", "The objective of this research project is to study the pathogenesis of the corneal edema which develops following cataract extraction. ", "The first phase of this study will be to investigate the effect of mechanical trauma--bending and instrument abrasion--on the corneal endothelial structure and function. ", "The second phase of this research will be to investigate the structural and functional changes in the corneal endothelium due to chemical trauma--irrigating solutions, alpha chymotrypsin, epinephrine, and acetylcholine, which are placed into the anterior chamber during cataract surgery. ", "The third phase deals with another possible complication that might result from cataract surgery; and seeks to elucidate the effect of injection of air to the anterior chamber on endothelial function and structure. ", "In situ studies will be performed on rabbit and monkey eyes by injection of air and drugs into the anterior chamber. ", "These corneas will be followed by biomicroscopy, pachometry and subjected to in vitro perfusion studies. ", "In vitro studies will be performed on isolated rabbit, monkey and human corneas perfused under the specular microscope. ", "During the perfusion the physiological state of the corneal endothelium will be assessed by measuring changes in the following parameters: corneal thickness and metabolism, endothelial cell pattern, and endothelial permeability. ", "These changes will then be correlated with changes in the ultrastructural appearance of the endothelial cells as studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nc++ program reading a file\n\nMy code :\nvoid load_books(){\nifstream myfile(path, ios::in);\nif (myfile.fail()){\n cout << \"coudln't open file\" << \"\\n\\n\";\n}\nelse{\n\n while (myfile){\n myfile >> book1[i].id >> book1[i].title >> book1[i].p_name >> book1[i].p_address >> book1[i].aut_name;\n myfile >> book1[i].aut_nationality >> book1[i].date >> book1[i].status;\n \n\n cout << book1[i].id << \"\\ \" << book1[i].title << \"\\ \" << book1[i].p_name << \"\\ \" << book1[i].p_address << \"\\ \" << book1[i].aut_name;\n cout << \"\\ \" << book1[i].aut_nationality << \"\\ \" << book1[i].date << \"\\ \" << book1[i].status << endl;\n i++;\n\n }\n myfile.close();\n}\n\n}\n\nit should outputs what file contain but i get this in the command\n\n111 ahmed yousef lol no yes khaled 15\n222 adas asd sdt huy mjmj mjg2 20\n0 0\n\nthe first two lines are correct but I don't know why it outputs the last 2 zeroes (0 0)\n\nA:\n\nTo flesh out @Bo's answer, and answering your comment:\n\nand how i check the status of myfile after each attempted input??! ", "\n\nYou can fix your loop like this:\nvoid load_books(){\n ifstream myfile(path);\n if (myfile.fail()){\n cout << \"coudln't open file\" << \"\\n\\n\";\n }\n else{\n while (myfile >> book1[i].id >> book1[i].title >> book1[i].p_name \n >> book1[i].p_address >> book1[i].aut_name \n >> book1[i].aut_nationality >> book1[i].date >> book1[i].status){\n\n cout << book1[i].id << \"\\ \" << book1[i].title << \"\\ \" << book1[i].p_name << \"\\ \" \n << book1[i].p_address << \"\\ \" << book1[i].aut_name << \"\\ \" \n << book1[i].aut_nationality << \"\\ \" << book1[i].date << \"\\ \" \n << book1[i].status << endl;\n i++; \n }\n }\n}\n\nSince the chained calls of std:istream& operator>>(std:istream&, T&) return the current std:istream& reference, the condition in the while() loop can be resolved to the std::basic_ios::operator bool, and the loop will end as soon the operator evaluates to false.", "\nRelated reference documentation:\n\noperator>>(std::basic_istream)\nstd::basic_ios::operator bool\n\n" ]

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[ "Event Details\n\nMajor General John Borling, author of \"Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton\" in conversation with Courtney Crowder, a reporter and digital producer for the Chicago Tribune's Printers Row Journal.", "\n\nWhen & Where\n\nSunday, June 9, 2013 at 10:00 AM (CDT)\n\nOrganizer\n\nChicago Tribune Printers Row Lit Fest\n\nFor SOLD OUT EVENTS, don’t despair. ", "Please arrive 20 minutes early and wait in a designated rush line outside each session room. ", "Attendees without a ticket will be admitted to the room on a first-come, first-served basis." ]

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[ "Performance Analyst\n\nPosition Description:\n\nTo ensure the timely and accurate calculation, analysis, and reporting of investment performance data for all portfolios of assigned clients in accordance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). ", "Responsible for attribution reporting and analysis as needed. ", "Responds and troubleshoots problems through discussion with clients and internal team members.", "\n\nResponsibilities:\n\nPerform daily and monthly calculation, reconciliation, control and outlier reporting of performance for assigned client’s portfolios, and benchmarks\n\nPrepare and analyze monthly performance and attribution reporting\n\nCreate and update composite benchmarks\n\nUpdate security and portfolio level class schemes and properties\n\nAddress ad hoc inquiries from the client for performance analysis such as providing explanations of performance fluctuations and anomalies\n\nIdentify inefficiencies in the current production processes and make recommendations on how to improve them\n\nOther duties as assigned\n\nBasic Qualifications:\n\nStrong background with fixed income securities\n\nMinimum of a BS degree in Accounting or Finance\n\n2+ years of investment accounting or equivalent work experience\n\nProven ability to meet daily and monthly deliverables\n\nStrong communication skills including liaising differences in returns with client and asset managers\n\nAbility to multi-task effectively\n\nStrong analytical skills and ability to remain highly organized in a deadline driven environment while maintaining strict attention to detail\n\nProficiency with Microsoft Office suite, with advanced working knowledge of Excel" ]

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[ "Thursday, June 26, 2008\n\nIt's pretty amazing\n\nHow just a little tweaking of medication can make a world of difference. ", "I have more energy now, I'm more into spending time with people, I'm basically just a hell of a lot happier.", "\n\nI even went out and exercised today, which I haven't done in a long time. ", "I haven't had the motivation.", "\n\nYou know what else is amazing?", "\n\nStupid people.", "\n\nThey are rampant - another reason to stay away from the majority of the parenting boards now. ", "Nothing worse than trying to decipher a post from someone who clearly is as dumb as a post, and then reading that they are planning on home schooling their children. ", "Bitch, you can't even SPELL school, how on EARTH are you going to teach your children anything?", "\n\nStupid.", "\n\nOh oh - here's another one. ", "Um, I don't have any money to buy my kids necessities, but hey, let's go on vacation, buy cigarettes for our husband, and fancy video games. ", "Yeah, that makes total sense. ", "Oh, wait - we'll tell everyone they were gifts. ", "Dude, if you are getting hundreds of dollars of items in gifts, YOU NEED TO SELL THAT SHIT AND GET YOUR KIDS SOME UNDERWEAR AND FOOD!!!!! ", "Because, your needs are NOT more important than your childrens' needs, don't you get that??? ", "Oh, and of course, have some MORE kids while you're at it when you can't afford the ones that you do have. ", "I think that person should get the parent of the year award." ]

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[ "Hot Topics:\n\nUS households spent record amount on gasoline in 2012\n\nBy David Sheppard Reuters\n\nUpdated:\n02/04/2013 10:45:48 PM EST\n\nGasoline prices are seen at a Chevron gasoline station in downtown Los Angeles, California in this file photo taken March 13, 2012. ", "Americans spent a record amount on fuel in 2012, and households spent $2,912 on gasoline on average. (", "REUTERS -- FRED PROUSER)\n\n* Households spent $2,912 on gasoline on average in 2012\n\n* Motor fuel costs make up 4 percent of pre-tax income\n\nNEW YORK - Households in the United States spent a record amount on gasoline last year, the U.S. Energy Information Administration said on Monday, with more of their income going toward motor fuel costs than at any time since the 1980s.", "\n\nThe average household expenditure on gasoline hit $2,912 in 2012, the EIA said, or just under 4 percent of pre-tax income, as higher prices at the pump canceled out the effect of more efficient vehicles.", "\n\n\"This was the highest estimated percentage of household income spent on gasoline in nearly three decades, with the exception of 2008, when the average household spent a similar amount,\" the EIA said.", "\n\n\"Although overall gasoline consumption has decreased in recent years, a rise in average gasoline prices has led to higher overall household gasoline expenditures.\"", "\n\nThe previous record amount was just below $2,750 in 2008, according to a graph on the EIA's website, as crude oil prices spiked toward $150 a barrel in the first half of 2012. ", "Global crude oil prices averaged around $111 in 2011 and 2012.", "\n\nThe average cost of a gallon of gasoline in U.S. cities was $3.70 last year, the EIA said, up more than 30 percent since 2010.", "\n\nThe rise is largely due to higher global crude oil prices as the world economy has slowly recovered, but the shuttering of several older refineries on the U.S.\n\nAdvertisement\n\nEast Coast has also increased the amount motorists pay for gasoline over and above the crude oil price rise.", "\n\n\"These expenditures as a percentage of overall household income are still low when compared to the early 1980s,\" the EIA said.", "\n\n\"Although travel per household has increased significantly since the early 1980s, vehicle efficiency has also risen significantly, reducing the amount of gasoline used per mile.\"", "\n\nGasoline made up between 4 and 5 percent of household income between 1979 and 1983 as the effects of the Arab oil embargo raised prices.", "\n\nNEW YORK (AP) — Chrissie Hynde will tell the story of her life, with all its ups and downs. ", "Penguin Random House announced Tuesday that the Pretenders singer was working on an \"an incredibly frank\" memoir that will come out Sept. Full Story" ]

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[ "Why the fuck would you not double check your post\n\n169 shares" ]

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[ "se 520 = -5*z + 975. ", "Let i be 0 + (93 - -1) + -2. ", "Which is smaller: z or i?", "\nz\nLet j(i) = -2*i**3 + 125*i**2 - 189*i + 357. ", "Let z be j(61). ", "Which is smaller: z or -1434?", "\n-1434\nLet n(q) be the first derivative of -q**4/4 + 17*q**3/6 - 5*q**2/2 - 9. ", "Let r(b) be the second derivative of n(b). ", "Let p be r(5). ", "Is -14 at least p?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 0 = 5*k - k - 16. ", "Suppose -3775 + 63 = -k*n. ", "Let l = 7439/8 - n. Is 3 bigger than l?", "\nTrue\nLet p = 0.34 - 0.456. ", "Let a = 0.416 + p. Let r = 368/7 + -54. ", "Are a and r unequal?", "\nTrue\nLet r = -0.16425 + -5.63575. ", "Let v = -5 - 1. ", "Let n = v - r. Is n greater than or equal to -6?", "\nTrue\nLet b = -2224.6866 + 2224.4. ", "Which is greater: b or 0?", "\n0\nLet g = 0.0142 + 292.9858. ", "Let i = g - 288. ", "Which is smaller: -6 or i?", "\n-6\nSuppose 3*w + 162 + 39 = -4*m, 5*w = 4*m - 271. ", "Which is smaller: w or 55?", "\nw\nLet y = -2074 - -2075.071. ", "Let o = 0.071 - y. Which is greater: o or 85?", "\n85\nSuppose -28 = -4*f - 2*j, -2*f - 7 = 3*j - 29. ", "Suppose f*m + 3*m = 272. ", "Let q = -1 - -36. ", "Which is greater: q or m?", "\nq\nSuppose -24*u + 33*u = -1251. ", "Let w = u + 139. ", "Which is smaller: 2/239 or w?", "\nw\nLet m = 4915 - 4920. ", "Is m less than or equal to -28?", "\nFalse\nLet x = -2870 - -1997. ", "Does -2 = x?", "\nFalse\nLet v(z) = 747*z + 92. ", "Let w be v(-1). ", "Which is greater: w or -653?", "\n-653\nLet u = -0.031 - -0.053. ", "Let p = u - -1.978. ", "Which is smaller: 85 or p?", "\np\nLet t be 1/4 - (-119)/4. ", "Suppose -5*s - 104 = -119. ", "Suppose 0 = -s*w + j + 4*j + 62, 0 = -2*w - 2*j + 68. ", "Is w bigger than t?", "\nFalse\nLet j be 441/12 - (-4)/16. ", "Suppose 5*a - 4*k - 24 = 145, 0 = -5*a + 5*k + 170. ", "Is j > a?", "\nTrue\nLet p be (-12)/(-84)*(-1 - -2)/(-2). ", "Let r = 1 - p. Is r less than 2?", "\nTrue\nLet h = 59870501/2900 - 20645. ", "Which is greater: 1 or h?", "\n1\nLet z = 1085 + -940. ", "Suppose 5*q = m - 120, 3*m + z = -5*q - m. Which is smaller: q or -11?", "\nq\nSuppose -32*z - 24 = -28*z, -3*i = 5*z + 96. ", "Is i at most as big as -111/5?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -7*o + 472 = -3*o. ", "Let s be -4 + (-72)/(-20) + ((-1314)/(-10) - 11). ", "Which is greater: o or s?", "\ns\nLet h(z) = 17*z + 2. ", "Let t(j) = 16*j + 1. ", "Let k(l) = -3*h(l) + 4*t(l). ", "Let i be k(-7). ", "Let p = -94 - i. Is 5/3 bigger than p?", "\nTrue\nLet j = 2193 + 17614. ", "Which is smaller: -1 or j?", "\n-1\nSuppose 0 = -3*m + 5*a - 322, -502 = 5*m - a - 2. ", "Suppose 4*n - 2 + 25 = 3*l, 2*l = -4*n + 2. ", "Is n at least m?", "\nTrue\nSuppose f + 51 = 5*n - 60, 85 = 4*n + 3*f. ", "Let u be (4 + -4 + n)*(-5)/(-2). ", "Let j = u - 50. ", "Which is smaller: j or 1?", "\n1\nLet i(c) be the first derivative of -c**3/3 - c**2/2 + 40*c - 10. ", "Let m be i(-6). ", "Suppose 3*n + 3*h - m = 2, 4*n - 3*h = 23. ", "Is n <= 5?", "\nTrue\nLet w be (-4)/22 + 708/22. ", "Let z be 11 + 3*(-85)/(-15). ", "Is w at least z?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 50 = -4*m - 262. ", "Let x be 282*3/m - 2/13. ", "Suppose 4*s - 8*b = -10*b - 14, -5*b - 30 = 5*s. ", "Is x smaller than s?", "\nTrue\nLet t be 0*(-3)/(-42)*7. ", "Let b = -1 + t. Is b bigger than 15?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 10*c + 6 = -4. ", "Let t = 19.3 + -22. ", "Let j = t - -2.8. ", "Is j !", "= c?", "\nTrue\nLet f = -442 + 1436. ", "Let r be f/56 + (-2)/(-8). ", "Suppose 3*t + 0*t - 3*p + r = 0, 2*p - 14 = 4*t. ", "Is -1/106 at most t?", "\nFalse\nLet p be ((-21)/1)/(-2 + 1). ", "Let y be p/28*(-262)/(-3). ", "Is y at most as big as 66?", "\nTrue\nLet l be (5 + (5 - 7))*(-14)/3. ", "Let v be (-856)/(-840) + 4/l. Which is smaller: v or 2?", "\nv\nLet u = -1623 + 1550. ", "Is -0.22 less than u?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 5*g = 11*g + 27*g - 66. ", "Let p be (19/68)/((-19)/(-76)). ", "Is p at most g?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -24 + 298 = -167*h + 30*h. ", "Is 0.0335 less than h?", "\nFalse\nLet j(m) = -m**3 - 12*m**2 + 18*m + 320. ", "Let v be j(-11). ", "Which is bigger: v or -12/947?", "\nv\nLet j = 1 - 18.6. ", "Let m = j - -17.6. ", "Is 23 > m?", "\nTrue\nLet r = 0.003 - -4.397. ", "Let i = r + -4.5. ", "Let k be (-2)/8 + (-10)/24. ", "Is k smaller than i?", "\nTrue\nLet q(d) = -19*d + 132. ", "Let k be q(7). ", "Let x = -63467 - -1141799/18. ", "Let c = x - -101/3. ", "Which is greater: c or k?", "\nc\nLet m = -0.11 + 0.1261. ", "Let r = -0.0161 + m. Which is bigger: 231 or r?", "\n231\nLet h be 240/(-9)*(-6)/5. ", "Let w = h - 39. ", "Let c be (-5)/(70/4) + (-135)/w. ", "Do c and 18 have the same value?", "\nFalse\nLet j be (2 + (-416)/20)/(216/180). ", "Which is smaller: j or -2/55?", "\nj\nLet i = -154 - -119. ", "Let r = i - -32. ", "Are r and 28 nonequal?", "\nTrue\nLet z = -8347/39 + 214. ", "Let g be (4/10 + 0)*(-375)/100. ", "Is g at least z?", "\nFalse\nLet r(o) = -o**3 + 2*o**2 - 3*o + 15. ", "Let b be r(5). ", "Let c be (1/9)/(b/2). ", "Which is smaller: -0.1 or c?", "\n-0.1\nLet g(s) = -s**2 + 4. ", "Let m be g(-2). ", "Suppose -5*w + 41 - 16 = m. Suppose 2*d + b = -33, d = 2*d + w*b + 30. ", "Is -15 < d?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 16 = 2*d + 64. ", "Let r be 9 + -8 - d/2. ", "Suppose 3*x = 48 - 9. ", "Is r less than x?", "\nFalse\nLet i = 149 - 86. ", "Let q be 34/(-8) + 14*18/i. Is 0 >= q?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -4*i + 5*p - 2*p + 3 = 0, 5*i + 10 = p. Let m = i - -6. ", "Suppose -u - 1 - 49 = m*z, 5*z = -u - 84. ", "Which is smaller: -16 or z?", "\nz\nLet f be (4/5)/(5/(-25)). ", "Let t = 4292.4 - 4274.4. ", "Is t bigger than f?", "\nTrue\nLet b be (-4)/((-180)/1435) + (-2)/(-18). ", "Let c be (-1)/(4/b*8/(-34)). ", "Is 34 less than c?", "\nFalse\nLet p(l) = l**3 - 12*l**2 - 14*l + 23. ", "Let a be 4 - 2 - (-21 - -10). ", "Let v be p(a). ", "Let t be 1*2/v*5. ", "Is t smaller than -2/61?", "\nFalse\nLet y = 5408 - 6512. ", "Does y = -1104?", "\nTrue\nLet n be (-338)/(-1256) - (-2)/(-8). ", "Suppose 0 = 275*k - 25985 + 26260. ", "Which is greater: n or k?", "\nn\nLet w = 41.9 + -39. ", "Let s = 3 - w. Let v = 15923 - 47791/3. ", "Which is smaller: v or s?", "\nv\nLet g be (-18)/(-144) + 7/(-24) + -7. ", "Is -0.1 bigger than g?", "\nTrue\nLet j = 205.1 + -207.1. ", "Is j smaller than -275?", "\nFalse\nLet n = 8 + -12.6. ", "Let q = n - -4.7. ", "Let s = -19/23 + 56/207. ", "Which is smaller: q or s?", "\ns\nLet a = 8.93 - 8.783. ", "Is a less than 1/4?", "\nTrue\nLet y(s) = s - 8. ", "Let l be y(7). ", "Let q be (-6 - l)/((-2)/(-6)). ", "Let w = q - -13. ", "Do 0 and w have the same value?", "\nFalse\nLet q be -7 + ((-804)/(-108) - (-2)/9). ", "Is q greater than or equal to 903?", "\nFalse\nLet c be 8 + 13 - 18 - 3*44. ", "Which is smaller: 1 or c?", "\nc\nSuppose q + 1412 = -4*n, -4*q - 153*n = -158*n + 5627. ", "Which is greater: q or -0.1?", "\n-0.1\nLet u be 4 + ((-645)/30 + 13)*2. ", "Suppose -2*z - 11 = 11. ", "Let s = 8 + z. Is s smaller than u?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -14*j + 19*j = -5. ", "Let s = 8964603/461 - 19446. ", "Which is smaller: j or s?", "\nj\nLet v be (3 + (-3)/3)/(1413 - 6). ", "Which is greater: -1 or v?", "\nv\nLet o = 1/11402 + -4880067/125422. ", "Are -40 and o equal?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -9*i + 4*i + 13 = 138. ", "Are -388/15 and i equal?", "\nFalse\nLet r(c) be the second derivative of c**5/20 - 3*c**4/4 - 11*c**3/6 + 15*c**2/2 - 16*c. ", "Let a be r(10). ", "Suppose 0 = w + a*w. ", "Do 3 and w have the same value?", "\nFalse\nLet m = -1791.8 + 1791.812. ", "Which is greater: m or 16?", "\n16\nLet n be 12/(-10) - -21*8/(-560). ", "Is 144 less than or equal to n?", "\nFalse\nLet x = 0 - 7. ", "Let w be 72/(-45)*810/216. ", "Is x at most w?", "\nTrue\nLet b = -654.1 + 646. ", "Let s = 8.1 + b. Which is bigger: -1.38 or s?", "\ns\nLet z = 402859 - 2401099/6. ", "Which is smaller: z or 2677?", "\nz\nLet d be (17/(-26) - (-22)/143)*(-8)/4. ", "Are -4/793 and d equal?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -2 = -5*j + 8. ", "Let w(u) = -u**2 - 16*u + 59. ", "Let a be w(-19). ", "Suppose -a*p = -p - j*p. ", "Which is smaller: p or -1/6?", "\n-1/6\nLet d(y) = y**3 + 4*y**2 - 8*y - 2. ", "Let f(q) = -2*q**2 + q. Let p be ((-4)/(-3) - 0)*(-147)/(-98). ", "Let n be f(p). ", "Let w be d(n). ", "Is w > -27?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = y - 2*c + 11, -4*y - 13 = -3*c + 6. ", "Let z be y/3 - (-5)/(-3). ", "Which is smaller: -6/11 or z?", "\nz\nLet z = -7616/3 + 860633/339. ", "Is z < 1?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -13*l + 4*j - 452 = -9*l, -461 = 4*l + 5*j. ", "Let t = -264 - -150. ", "Do l and t have different values?", "\nFalse\nLet x = -409485 - -409484.9. ", "Let s = -0.7464 - -0.72. ", "Which is smaller: x or s?", "\nx\nSuppose -4*s - 5*p - 522 = 0, -p + 638 = -14*s + 9*s. ", "Let m be 2 + -9 + s + 19. ", "Is m equal to -116?", "\nTrue\nLet l = -11711 + 11711. ", "Are 15/413 and l non-equal?", "\nTrue\nLet v be 12/((-99)/45 + (-3)/(-15)). ", "Let w be 78/117*v/(-5). ", "Let r be 45/84 - 2/8. ", "Which is bigger: r or w?", "\nw\nSuppose 3*o + 573 = -3*w, 2*o - 37 = 5*w - 405. ", "Let s = -251 - o. Is s at most -63?", "\nFalse\nLet c = -4677 - -79540/17. ", "Which is greater: 1 or c?", "\nc\nSuppose 0 = 3*c - 44*r + 49*r + 14, 4*c = -r + 4. ", "Let d(a) = 6*a**2 + a**2 - 2 + 3*a - 5*a. ", "Let i be d(c). ", "Is 22 bigger than i?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -1707 + 4407 = -10*y. ", "Let x be 3*((-2)/15 + (-126)/y). ", "Is x <= 2/1677?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 2*m + 1926 = 17*v, -4*v + 4*m + 365 = -67. ", "Let t = 193 - 81. ", "Which is greater: t or v?", "\nv\nLet s = 296 - 108. ", "Let f be 1971/(-28)*(-11 - (-41)/3). ", "Let c = f + s. Which is greater: c or -3." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "hotel near nakki lake\n\nPlanning any family function in Mount Abu?? ", "or hosting a birthday or anniversary party in Mount Abu and confused about the venue??? ", "Hotel Krishna Niwas the Heritage House is the perfect place you can suggest to anyone. ", "It is a… Continue Reading →\n\nHotel Krishna Niwas The Heritage House is one of the best hotel in Mount Abu and an ideal choice for anyone who is looking for a heritage property in budget rates. ", "It is nearby from the very famous Nakki Lake… Continue Reading →\n\nHotel Krishna Niwas the Heritage House is one of the best resort in Mount Abu having the world class accommodation facilities and delicious mouth watering food service available in their own restaurant. ", "They have three main types of accommodation options… Continue Reading →\n\nAccording to the Hindu legend, Nakki Lake is very ancient lake of a very famous hill station Mount Abu, Rajasthan. ", "As per said in the history it is named as Nakki lake because it was dug by the nails (Nakh)… Continue Reading →\n\nHotel Krishna Niwas The Heritage House is one of the best resort in mount Abu. ", "This is a heritage property built in colonial style with comfortable and peaceful ambience. ", "It is situated at the prime location in this very famous… Continue Reading →\n\nMount Abu is the most popular hill station in Rajasthan. ", "It is also named as “Shimla of Rajasthan”. ", "And it is also known as “an oasis in the desert”. ", "It is a home for many Hindu temples like Arbuda Devi… Continue Reading →\n\nHotel Krishna Niwas The Heritage House is one of the top resort in Mount Abu which is Rajasthan’s most popular tourist attraction. ", "It is a vibrant and lovely place to spend your holidays with your loved ones in utmost royal… Continue Reading →\n\nKrishna Niwas the Heritage House, one of the most relaxing luxury hotels in Mount Abu, with the awesome combination of fantastic location and warm ambience, which defines the luxury and leisure available there. ", "This place was a vacation house of Madame… Continue Reading →\n\nKrishna Niwas the Heritage House, one of the finest heritage hotel in Mount Abu, with the awesome combination of fantastic location and warm ambience, which defines the luxury and leisure available there. ", "It is designed for providing a relaxing and… Continue Reading →\n\nHotel Krishna Niwas the heritage house is counted among top 10 resort in mount Abu. ", "It is a relaxing resort with fantastic location and warm ambience which defines the luxury and leisure available there. ", "This hotel in Mount Abu has… Continue Reading →" ]

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[ "The need to control is ubiquitous in many complex systems. ", "For example, a cellular system controls a series of chemical reactions during its division to guarantee sufficient genetic materials in each daughter cell[@b1][@b2][@b3]. ", "A company controls the dynamics of information flow for efficient task execution or innovation[@b4]. ", "In a supply chain, cost is reduced by controlling the commodity flow[@b5]. ", "Therefore there is an increasing need to understand the control principles of complex systems.", "\n\nRecent advances in applying control theory[@b6][@b7][@b8] to complex networks[@b9][@b10] shed new light on this problem[@b11][@b12][@b13][@b14][@b15][@b16][@b17][@b18][@b19][@b20][@b21][@b22][@b23][@b24][@b25][@b26][@b27][@b28]. ", "According to control theory, a dynamical system is controllable if it can be driven from any initial state to any desired final state within finite time[@b6][@b7]. ", "Obviously, when we influence every element in the system, we obtain full control. ", "However, control in general can be achieved through the control of only a subset of nodes that we call *driver nodes*. ", "In a linear time-invariant system, the *minimum driver node set* (MDS) can be efficiently identified, representing the minimum set of nodes through which we can yield control over the whole system[@b12]. ", "It has been shown that the number of driver nodes necessary for control (*N*~D~) is fixed in a given network and primarily determined by the underlying degree distribution. ", "Yet, there are often multiple control configurations with the same *N*~D~[@b24]. ", "For example, in the six-node network shown in [Fig. ", "1a](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"} *N*~D~ = 4, but control can be achieved via five different MDS\\'s: {1, 2, 4, 6}, {1, 2, 4, 5}, {1, 2, 3, 6}, {1, 2, 3, 5} and {1, 2, 3, 4}.", "\n\nThe existence of multiple MDS\\'s indicates that not all nodes participate in control equiprobability, prompting us to quantify the role of each node in control. ", "Here we introduce the concept of *control capacity φ*(*i*), defined as the fraction of MDS\\'s in which node *i* is included. ", "This quantity measures the participation of node *i* in MDS\\'s, hence gives the likelihood that node *i* is a driver node when the network is under control via a random control configuration. ", "For example, in [Fig. ", "1a](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, the control capacity of each node is *φ*(1) = *φ*(2) = 1, *φ*(3) = *φ*(4) = 0.6 and *φ*(5) = *φ*(6) = 0.4. ", "In connection with previous work that classifies nodes into three categories[@b24], a node with *φ* = 1 is critical as it always acts as a driver node, *φ* = 0 is redundant as it never participates in MDS\\'s whereas 0 \\< *φ* \\< 1 is intermittent as it plays as a driver node in some control configurations but not all.", "\n\nIn spite of its direct relevance control capacity is difficult to measure, as only nodes with *φ* = 0 and *φ* = 1 can be identified in polynomial time[@b24]. ", "Intuitively control capacity is readily obtained once all MDS\\'s are known. ", "However, enumeration of all MDS\\'s in an arbitrary network is in the class of \\#P problem and computationally prohibitive for large networks. ", "Indeed, the number of MDS\\'s can grow exponentially with networks size, hence a network with only hundreds of nodes often leads to millions of MDS\\'s[@b29]. ", "To cope with this difficulty we propose a random sampling algorithm, allowing us to measure the control capacity within a limited number of MDS\\'s, drawn randomly from all MDS\\'s. ", "In the following we show that our algorithm yields a random pick of MDS and provides reliable statistical estimation of control capacity of nodes in arbitrary networks.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nRandom sampling algorithm\n-------------------------\n\nWe start by briefly reviewing the process in identifying *N*~D~ and MDS for an arbitrary directed network. ", "First, a directed network is converted to a bipartite graph with two disjoint sets of nodes *out* and *in*. ", "The *out* nodes can be considered as \"superiors\" that influence others internally. ", "The *in* nodes are \"subordinates\" that need to be controlled. ", "A directed link from node *i* to *j* corresponds to a connection between node *i* in the *out* set and node *j* in the *in* set in the bipartite graph ([Fig. ", "1a, b](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "By performing the maximum matching in the bipartite graph[@b12][@b30], the minimum driver nodes are unmatched nodes in the *in* set ([Fig. ", "1c, d](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nThe method provides a direct connection between a *maximumly-matched set* (MMS) and a MDS, as the complementary set of a MMS yields a MDS. ", "One can use different algorithms to find the maximum matching in a bipartite graph, such as Hopcroft-Karp algorithm[@b30], FordFulkerson algorithm[@b31] and Hungarian algorithm[@b32]. ", "All these algorithms aim to increase the matching size in each iteration via the augmenting path that starts at a matched node, end on a unmatched node and alternates between unmatched and matched links on the path[@b17]. ", "Because there is no randomness in identifying an augmenting path, these algorithms will locate only one MMS for a given initial condition hence they are not appropriate for sampling purposes. ", "Two simple modifications can be applied to bring randomness: one is to randomize the initial matching and the other is to randomly choose possible augmenting paths. ", "However, sampling based on these methods are not guaranteed to be uniform among all MMS\\'s and can be typically biased.", "\n\nHere we propose a novel algorithm that performs unbiased random sampling among all MMS\\'s, which equivalently samples all MDS\\'s and estimates the control capacity. ", "The steps are as follows: 0. ", "For simplicity, remove the always matched nodes in the *in* set and their links (the algorithm to identify always matched nodes is introduced in reference[@b24]). ", "Denote by *G* the bipartite graph obtained after node removal.", "Obtain one MMS (denoted by *M*).Randomly pick an element in *M* (denoted by node *i*).Enumerate all alternative MMS\\'s that include all other elements of *M* except node *i*. (", "see Methods)Randomly pick one of these alternative MMS as the current MMS *M*.Repeat step 2.", "\n\nNow we prove that the above steps randomly samples MMS\\'s. ", "Considering each MMS as one state, our algorithm maps to a Markov chain characterized by a transition matrix *P* with the element *p~i,j~* that equals the probability of transition from state *i* to *j*. ", "Without loosing generality, assume two MMS as sets of *m* nodes {*n*~1~, *n*~2~, ..., *n~a~*, ..., *n~m~*} and {*n*~1~, *n*~2~, ..., *n~b~*, ..., *n~m~*}, denoted by *M*~1~ and *M*~2~ respectively. ", "Suppose that there are totally *z* other MMS\\'s that include *n*~1~, *n*~2~, ..., *n~m~* except *n~a~* or *n~b~* and consider the MMS *M*~1~ and *M*~2~ as two state *i* and *j* in the Markov chain that our algorithm maps to. ", "The transition from state *i* to *j* requires the pick of element *n~a~* out of *m* elements with probability 1/*m* and the pick of set *M*~2~ out of *z* + 1 alternative sets with probability 1/(*z* + 1). ", "Therefore . ", "Similarly, from state *j* to *i*, the probability to pick element *n~b~* is 1/*m*. ", "As the number of alternative MMS\\'s including *n*~1~, *n*~2~, ..., *n~N~* except *n~b~* is also *z* + 1, . ", "Hence *p~i,j~* = *p~j,i~* and the transition matrix *P* is symmetric. ", "For Markov chain with symmetric transition matrix, the steady state distribution is with equal probabilities for all states[@b33]. ", "This means that in the long run, each MMS is picked with the same probability as all others.", "\n\nTo verify the result, we construct a small network with 244 MDS\\'s, perform our sampling algorithm 48,800 iterations and count the time that each MDS is picked. ", "We find that each MDS is sampled approximately 200 times ([Fig. ", "2a](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), which is the expected count a random sampling yields. ", "The distribution of the counts follows a Gaussian distribution ([Fig. ", "2b](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}) centered at 200, implying the difference between actual and expected counts are due to random fluctuation.", "\n\nOne important attribute of a sampling method is the rate of convergence, capturing how fast the estimate converges to the actual value. ", "Typically the rate of convergence is not known exactly unless an analytical solution can be found for the sampling process[@b34]. ", "Via numerical tests, we find that the sampling results converges to the actual value after *T* = *N* ln *N* iterations in a network with *N* nodes. ", "The interpretation of *T* is intuitive: as our algorithm randomly draws the original elements in the MMS and replaces it with the new ones, the measure will not converge until we have the original MMS completely shuffled. ", "Assuming that the size of the MMS is *m*, the expected number of iterations to obtain the first element replaced is 1, second element replaced is *m*/(*m* − 1) and the *n*^th^ element replaced is *m*/(*m* − *n*). ", "Therefore for *m* elements the expected iteration is . ", "As *m* varies but is proportional to network size *N*, we replace *m* by *N* and hence have the characteristic time-step *T*.", "\n\nThe characteristic time-step provides the minimum number of iterations necessary for sampling, therefore capturing the complexity in quantifying control capacity. ", "The time needed to find one maximum matching can be as small as with the Hopcroft-Karp algorithm in a network with *N* nodes and *L* links[@b30]. ", "To find one alternative MMS with one node replaced, a breadth first search is needed with time. ", "As the number of alternative MMS is capped by *N*, the complexity of one sampling is . ", "As the sampling time needed is proportional to *T*, the control capacity can be estimated in polynomial time as .", "\n\nTo test our proposition, we construct a network with 100 nodes. ", "We explicitly enumerate all 153,123 MDS\\'s (see Methods) and exactly measure the control capacity of all 33 nodes with 0 \\< *φ* \\< 1. ", "Then we apply the random sampling and estimate the capacity *φ~t~*(*i*) of each node *i* at time-step *t* based on the samples collected up to *t*. ", "It is observed that *φ~t~*(*i*) quickly converges to the expected value in *T* = *N* ln *N* steps ([Fig. ", "2c,d](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "It is also noteworthy that in 3000 iterations, which cover fewer than 2% of all MDS\\'s, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimated control capacity is less than 3% ([Fig. ", "2d](#f2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), indicating the efficiency of utilizing random sampling in estimating the control capacity that significantly reduces the computational complexity.", "\n\nControl capacity in model and real networks\n-------------------------------------------\n\nWe check the relationship between a node\\'s topological property and its role in control. ", "On the one hand, we find that a node\\'s out-degree does not affect its control capacity ([Fig. ", "3b](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This is because the outgoing links serve as means to control other nodes, which does not affect how this node itself would be controlled. ", "On the other hand, control capacity does depend on in-degree. ", "Particularly *φ* = 1 when *k*~in~ = 0, indicating that nodes without incoming links need to be always controlled, in line with our previous finding[@b24]. ", "As in-degree increases, *φ* decays rapidly ([Fig. ", "3a](#f3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), indicating that a node with more incoming links are less likely to be a driver node as they are more likely to be influenced internally.", "\n\nWe extend the analysis to real systems and check the relationship between 〈*k*~D~〉 and 〈*k*〉, which are the average degree of the driver nodes and all nodes, respectively ([Table 1](#t1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "With control capacity, 〈*k*~D~〉 can be explicitly expressed as 〈*k*~D~〉 = Σ*~i~φ*(*i*)*k*(*i*)/*N*~D~ where *k*(*i*) is the degree of an arbitrary node *i*. ", "One would expect 〈*k*~D~〉 \\< 〈*k*〉 in real networks since *φ* decreases with *k*~in~. However, while the fact that the average in-degree of driver nodes is less than that of the network (〈*k*~D,in~〉 \\< 〈*k*~in~〉) reflects the relationship between *φ* and *k*~in~, average out-degree of driver nodes (〈*k*~D,out~〉) can be affected by the in- and out-degree correlation[@b21][@b35][@b36][@b37][@b38] featuring in real systems and the finite size effect[@b39][@b40]. ", "Indeed several networks are found with 〈*k*~D,out~〉 \\> 〈*k*~out~〉 (*e.g.* Seagrass in food web and TRN-Yeast-2 in regulatory networks of [Table 1](#t1){ref-type=\"table\"}) and in one network we even observe that 〈*k*~D~〉 is slightly higher than 〈*k*〉 (TRN-EC-2 in regulatory networks of [Table 1](#t1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "But for majority of real networks the average degree of driver nodes are less than that of the whole network, leading to the conclusion that hubs are less likely to be driver nodes[@b12].", "\n\nFinally, we check how control capacity is distributed among nodes with 0 \\< *φ* \\< 1 in Erdös-Rényi networks[@b41], scale-free networks[@b42] (see Methods) and some real networks ([Fig. ", "4](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The distributions are found to depend on specific network configurations and there seems no simple universal function for the distribution. ", "But as a common feature, *φ* typically displays multi-modal distribution, implying that several clusters of nodes share about the same chance of being driver nodes. ", "Recent work[@b24] discovered that dense networks with identical degree distribution can stay in one of the two control modes, centralized or distributed, depending on the fraction of nodes that can participate in MDS\\'s. ", "The distributions of control capacity corresponding to networks in the two control modes also show distinct features. ", "For networks in distributed mode, a significant fraction of nodes are with control capacity close to zero ([Fig. ", "4(b), (e)](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This indicates that while many nodes can participate in MDS\\'s, their participation is not frequent compared with the huge number of MDS\\'s in distributed mode. ", "For networks in centralized mode, the number of nodes with 0 \\< *φ* \\< 1 is small, but the distribution of capacity among these nodes is similar to that when 〈*k*〉 is small ([Fig. ", "4(c), (f)](#f4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nIn summary, uncovering the role of individual nodes in controlling a network requires us to understand control capacity, a centrality measure quantifying a node\\'s likelihood of being a driver node. ", "While a network\\'s control can be achieved via different MDS\\'s and each may give rise to different outcomes, we lack a tool to average the effect of different MDS\\'s or statistically analyze the consequences driven by different MDS\\'s over the network. ", "In this paper we propose a random sampling algorithm, allowing us to efficiently measure control capacity in arbitrary networks. ", "The proposed algorithm bridges the gap between multiple microscopic control configurations and macroscopic properties of the network under control. ", "One important example of its application is the study of 〈*k*~D~〉, which can not be properly addressed without the random sampling method[@b12].", "\n\nThe results presented have many potential applications in future works. ", "For example, recent work on the controllability of bank systems investigated the time correlation of nodes\\' roles in control[@b25][@b27]. ", "The measure of control capacity could be crucial in such tasks, especially in temporal networks where a node\\'s role in control varies with time[@b43][@b44][@b45]. ", "The relationship between control capacity and the efficiency or energy cost in control[@b15][@b28] are also important issues for further investigations. ", "The random sampling method is useful in problems when an overall measure of a network is needed. ", "As an example, when estimating the control robustness of a network, the random sampling algorithm has to be considered as different MDS\\'s may facing different failure risks. ", "Finally, links do not participate in control in an equal manner, allowing multiple link combinations to spread the control signal. ", "Our approach can offer insights for future work exploring the participation of links in control. ", "Given the inherent multiplicity feature in control, our findings offer fundamental tools to explore control in various complex systems.", "\n\nMethods\n=======\n\nEnumerating all alternative MMS\\'s with one node replaced\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nSuppose the maximum matching is obtained in a bipartite graph and denote *M* by the current maximumly-matched set (MMS) of nodes in the *in* set. ", "Assume node *i* is an element of the set *M*. ", "The following procedures can provide all MMS\\'s that contain all other elements of *M* except node *i*. (", "0) Set node *i* as the removal node. (", "1) Identify the node in the *out* set that matches the removal node (denoted by node *j*). (", "2) Keep the current matched nodes and links unchanged, remove the removal node with all its links. (", "3) Check if there is an augmenting path that starts from node *j*, ends at an unmatched node and alternates between unmatched and matched links on the path. (", "4) If so, we obtain a new MMS with node *i* replaced. ", "Update the matched links and nodes correspondingly. ", "Set the new matched node in the *in* set as the removal node and repeat step (1). (", "5) If not, there is no new MMS with node *i* replaced and all of them are enumerated already.", "\n\nEnumerating all MDS\\'s\n----------------------\n\nFor a given bipartite graph, we first remove all the always matched nodes in the *in* set and their links (algorithm discussed in reference[@b24]). ", "Define *S~i~* as a set of nodes that a *out* node *i* can reach. ", "For example, in [Fig. ", "1b](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"} there are *S*~1~ = {3, 4, 5, 6} and *S*~2~ = {5, 6}. ", "Effectively *S~i~* is the set of nodes that node *i* can match. ", "In the bipartite graph with no always matched nodes in the *in* set, a MMS of *in* nodes is a set of nodes without duplication, each drawn from one set *S*. ", "Therefore, we can repeatedly test all possible combinations to enumerate all MMS\\'s that equivalently provides all MDS\\'s. ", "Note that nodes chosen from different *S*\\'s can sometimes give rise to the same MMS. ", "For example, in [Fig. ", "1b](#f1){ref-type=\"fig\"} picking node 5 from *S*~1~ and node 6 from *S*~2~ yields the same MMS as picking node 6 from *S*~1~ and node 5 from *S*~2~. All MMS\\'s need to be recored. ", "Once a valid node combination is found, it needs to be checked with previously found MMS to avoid double count.", "\n\nGenerating a scale free network\n-------------------------------\n\nThe scale-free networks[@b42] analyzed are generated via the static model[@b46]. ", "We start from *N* disconnected nodes indexed by integer number *i* (*i* = 1, ... *N*). ", "The weight is assigned to each node in the *out* and the *in* set, with *α*~out,in~ a real number in the range \\[0, 1). ", "Randomly selected two nodes *i* and *j* respectively from the *out* set and the *in* set, with probability proportional to and . ", "Connect node *i* and *j* if there is no connection between them, corresponding to a directed link from node *i* to node *j* in the digraph. ", "Otherwise randomly choose another pair. ", "Repeated the procedure until 〈*k*~in~〉 = 〈*k*~out~〉 = 〈*k*〉/2 links are created. ", "The degree distribution under this construction is in the large *k* limit.", "\n\nAuthor Contributions\n====================\n\nT.J. and A.-L.B. designed the research. ", "T.J. performed numerical simulation and analyzed the empirical data. ", "T.J. and A.-L.B. prepared the manuscript.", "\n\nWe thank Y.-Y. Liu, M. Pósfai, E. Csóka, J.-J. Slotine, C. Song and D. Wang for discussions. ", "This work was supported by the Network Science Collaborative Technology Alliance sponsored by the US Army Research Laboratory under Agreement Number W911NF-09-2-0053; the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Agreement Number 11645021; the Defense Threat Reduction Agency award WMD BRBAA07-J-2-0035; and though the generous support of Lockheed Martin.", "\n\n{#f1}\n\n{#f2}\n\n{#f3}\n\n{ref-type=\"table\"}.](srep02354-f4){#f4}\n\n###### Real networks Analyzed. ", "For each network, we show its type, name; number of nodes (*N*) and links (*L*); average degree 〈*k*〉; average degree of driver nodes 〈*k*~D~〉 and average in- and out-degree of driver nodes (〈*k*~D,in~〉 and 〈*k*~D,out~〉), respectively\n\n Type Name *N* *L* 〈*k*〉 〈*k*~D~〉 〈*k*~D,in~〉 〈*k*~D,out~〉\n --------------- ----------------------------- ------- -------- --------- ------------ --------------- ----------------\n Regulatory TRN-Yeast-1[@b47] 4,441 12,873 5.80 5.74 2.82 2.92\n   TRN-Yeast-2[@b48] 688 1,079 3.14 3.13 1.31 1.82\n   TRN-EC-1[@b49] 1,550 3,340 4.31 4.30 2.09 2.22\n   TRN-EC-2[@b48] 418 519 2.48 2.61 1.06 1.55\n Trust College student[@b50][@b51] 32 96 6 3.5 0.17 3.33\n   Prison inmate[@b50][@b51] 67 182 5.43 3.98 1.43 2.55\n Food Web Ythan[@b52] 135 601 8.90 4.17 0.28 3.89\n   Little Rock[@b53] 183 2,494 27.26 25.87 10.03 15.84\n   Grassland[@b52] 88 137 3.11 2.30 0.29 2.00\n   Seagrass[@b54] 49 226 9.22 6.05 0.55 5.51\n Power Grid TexasPowerGrid[@b55] 4,889 5,855 2.40 1.9 0.81 1.09\n Metabolic *E. coli*[@b56] 2,275 5,763 5.07 3.64 1.76 1.88\n   *S. cerevisiae*[@b56] 1,511 3,833 5.07 3.71 1.79 1.92\n   *C. elegans*[@b56] 1,173 2,864 4.88 3.60 1.72 1.88\n Electronic s838[@b48] 512 819 3.20 2.40 0.87 1.54\n Circuits s420[@b48] 252 399 3.17 2.43 0.84 1.59\n   s208[@b48] 122 189 3.10 2.49 0.79 1.70\n Neuronal *C. elegans*[@b57] 297 2,345 15.79 8.09 2.69 5.40\n Internet p2p-1[@b58] 6301 20777 6.59 5.48 2.29 3.19\n   p2p-2[@b58] 8,846 31,839 7.20 6.27 2.73 3.53\n   p2p-3[@b58] 8,717 31,525 7.23 6.28 2.79 3.49\n Social UCIonline[@b59] 1,899 20,296 21.38 5.89 3.37 2.52\n Communication Email-epoch[@b60] 3,188 39,256 24.63 7.13 2.70 4.43\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "2011 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships\n\nThe 2011 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships took place between February 25 and 27, 2011 in Courmayeur, Italy at the Forum Sport Center ice rink. ", " The World Championships are organised by the ISU which also run world cups and championships in speed skating and figure skating.", "\n\nThis event was a qualification for the short track speed skating events at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics.", "\n\nMen's events\n\nNo medal was awarded in the men's 500 metre event, because the other two skaters were disqualified.", "\n\nWomen's events\n\nParticipating nations \n155 athletes from 33 countries participated.", "\n\n (2)\n (6)\n (2)\n (4)\n (3)\n (4)\n (7)\n (8)\n (8)\n (5)\n (3)\n \n (5)\n (4)\n (7)\n (1)\n (6)\n (1)\n (8)\n (8)\n (7)\n (4)\n (1)\n\n (5)\n (1)\n (6)\n (6)\n (8)\n (2)\n (8)\n (1)\n (2)\n (6)\n (8)\n\nSee also\nShort track speed skating\nWorld Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships\n\nReferences\n\n \nCategory:World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships\nCategory:2011 in short track speed skating" ]

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[ "An investigation of the relationships between postoperative pain trajectories and outcomes after surgery for colorectal cancer.", "\nAlthough animal studies have shown that pain can suppress host immunity and promote tumor metastasis, few clinical studies have evaluated the association between acute pain and long-term outcomes after cancer surgery. ", "Patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection at a medical center between November 2010 and December 2014 were collected. ", "Pain intensity was recorded using a numeric rating scale at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours postoperatively. ", "Group-based modeling of longitudinal pain scores was used to categorize pain trajectories. ", "Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. ", "A total of 2401 patients with 13 931 pain score observations were analyzed. ", "The trajectory model identified three groupings of inpatient postsurgical pain, including 70.3% with mild pain dropping to low (group 1), 20.0% with moderate/severe pain dropping to mild (group 2), and 9.7% with moderate pain rebounding to severe (group 3). ", "Univariate models showed that pain trajectories were significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (group 2 vs 1: hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.47 and group 3 vs 1: HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30-2.04) and overall survival (group 2 vs 1: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.05-1.77 and group 3 vs 1: HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.31-2.51). ", "However, the associations disappeared after adjusting for other significant risk factors. ", "Abnormal pain resolution identified by pain trajectory analysis and resulting from complex interactions among disease progression, surgery, and analgesia may be considered as an indicator of an inferior prognosis following colorectal cancer resection." ]

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[ "After a sharp drop in the 1990s, due to concerns over environmental and social impact, dam construction is once again on the rise — especially in developing nations, where the demand for water and electricity is growing.", "\n\nA new study released at the 6th World Water Forum in Marseille on March 14th discusses the impact of dam projects on local communities and presents an analysis of six dams in West Africa.", "\n\nThe study was produced by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the International Institute of Energy and Development (IIED), and is part of the Global Water Initiative.", "\n\n“In the construction of large dams, national objectives to provide electricity, reduce the country’s dependence on imported energy and improve food security often override the potential for local or regional growth,” said Jerôme Koundouno, IUCN‘s Global Water Initiative-Dams Project Coordinator, in a statement. “", "As a result, local people tend to be marginalized in the construction process — they don’t receive full compensation for the impact the new dam has on their lives, including environmental damage, and rarely enjoy the full benefits it brings.”", "\n\nThe Niandouba Dam in Senegal relied on outdated population surveys when assessing how many people would need to be resettled, noted the study. ", "Of the five villages that were eventually resettled, only one had been accounted for in the initial plans. ", "That one received state assistance; the others had to rebuild on their own.", "\n\nEven when a dam’s planners make an effort to provide for the locals, it doesn’t always work, note the authors. ", "At the Sélingué Dam in Mali, those who lost their homes and land to flooding were given irrigated farm plots in compensation; however, few had the agricultural knowledge needed to work them properly. ", "Many farmers abandoned their land or had it taken away after several poor harvests.", "\n\nThe Moussodougou Dam in Burkina Faso encountered a similar problem: it was intended to create a local fishing industry, but inexperience and lack of management resulted in low yields and a depleted fish population.", "\n\nIn both cases, the authorities neglected to help the locals learn how to use their new resources, claims the report.", "\n\n“Engaging local people and giving them a stake in the dam does not need to be costly or difficult,” said Jamie Skinner, a principal researcher at IIED. “", "It is clearly something that can benefit all parties involved.”", "\n\nIn addition to the obvious damage to land and property, dams often create social upheaval. ", "At Kompienga in Burkina Faso, the jobs and economic opportunities promised by a new dam attracted a significant influx of migrants to the area. ", "Established locals — many of whom had already lost land to the reservoir — resented the newcomers, leading to clashes over now-limited resources such as farmland and water access for animals.", "\n\n“Regardless of the initial national objective of dams, construction always affects the areas where they’re built,” said Ousmane Diallo, IUCN’s Regional Coordinator for Water and Wetlands in Central and West Africa. “", "They change the environment and can completely transform local traditional societies. ", "Ways to avoid or correct these problems need to be taken into account throughout the construction process.”", "\n\nThe political climate has changed since these dams were built in the 1970s, 80s and 90s, but the issues have by no means been resolved: dam construction is all too often a heavy-handed, top-down process. ", "The study suggests ways to address these challenges, ranging from ensuring that local people get preferential access to dam-related benefits (such as irrigation and electricity) to involving them in the planning process.", "\n\nFor more information, see the full publication here or watch the video below.", "\n\nComments\n\n[…] World Water Forum Breaks Down Dam ImpactsNational GeographicAfter a sharp drop in the 1990s, due to concerns over environmental and social impact, dam construction is once again on the rise — especially in developing nations, where the demand for water and electricity is growing. ", "A new study released at the 6 …Energy companies pledge to measure impacts of large dam projectsThe GuardianActivists Take on Greenwashing at the 6th World Water ForumInternational Rivers (blog)World Water Forums Expose Large Dams as 'Unsustainable'Inter Press ServiceAssam Tribune -People & the Planetall 10 news articles » […]\n\nSupport National Geographic\n\nOur Latest Expedition\n\nPristine Seas: Seychelles LaunchesThe National Geographic Pristine Seas team is out exploring the waters of the Seychelles, an archipelago just north of Madagascar, to study and film the incredible abundance and diversity of marine life there. (", "Photo by Manu San Félix)\n\nPosting Rules\n\nOpinions expressed in blogs are those of the blogger and/or the blogger's organization, and not necessarily those of the National Geographic Society. ", "Bloggers and commenters are required to observe National Geographic's community rules.", "\n\nNewsWatch Blog\n\nNational Geographic Society has discontinued publication of the National Geographic News Watch Blog. ", "Readers who wish to follow the following bloggers may do so on their personal websites, found by clicking on their names below:Karl AmmannNeal LinebackMarcy MendelsonElissa Sursara" ]

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[ " In the United States Court of Federal Claims\n No. ", "18-210T\n (Filed: July 24, 2019)\n NOT FOR PUBLICATION\n\n*************************************\nGLADYNE K. MITCHELL, *\n *\n Plaintiff, *\n * IRS Internal Workpaper Form 400-1.1;\n v. * Failure to Timely Serve Discovery\n * Requests\nTHE UNITED STATES, *\n *\n Defendant. ", " *\n*************************************\n\n ORDER\n\n On February 28, 2019, the court issued a scheduling order in the above-captioned case\nsetting June 13, 2019, as the close of fact discovery. ", "Currently before the court is plaintiff’s\nmotion to extend discovery, filed on June 10, 2019. ", "Plaintiff indicates that an issue of privilege\nhas arisen regarding a document that plaintiff seeks from defendant. ", "Pl.", "’s Mot. ", "2. ", "Accordingly,\nplaintiff requests the extension to permit defendant to respond to plaintiff’s second set of\ninterrogatories and second request for production of documents (“second set of discovery\nrequests”), which plaintiff served upon defendant concurrently with the filing of the instant\nmotion, and to allow for plaintiff to depose an Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) agent who did\nnot appear on either party’s witness list. ", "Id. Plaintiff moves for an indefinite extension pending\ndefendant’s response to its second set of discovery requests. ", "Id. at 4.", "\n\n Specifically, plaintiff seeks production of an IRS internal workpaper, Form 400-1.1, id. at\n2, which defendant asserts is privileged as a “deliberative process document,” Def.", "’s Resp. ", "2, 5.", "\nPlaintiff claims that it needs this document to determine whether the IRS obtained proper\nmanagerial approval before assessing the Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts\n(“FBAR”) penalties that are at the center of this discovery dispute. ", "Pl.", "’s Mot 1. ", "Plaintiff avers\nthat such approval is mandated by IRS procedures as set forth in the Internal Revenue Manual\n(“IRM”). ", "Id. at 1-2. ", "Plaintiff seeks Form 400-1.1 under the theory that, if the decision to assess\nFBAR penalties did not receive written approval by a manager in accordance with the IRM, the\ndecision may be erroneous or illegal. ", "Id. at 3-4. ", "Defendant counters that the IRM does not carry\nthe force of law and is not binding on the IRS, and therefore compliance with the IRM is not\ngrounds for challenging the validity of an assessment of FBAR penalties. ", "Def.", "’s Resp. ", "3-4.", "\nDefendant also argues that the IRS Letter 3709, which is the IRS’s official notification to\ntaxpayers of a proposed assessment of FBAR penalties, is the “decisional document” with\nrespect to the penalties. ", "Id. at 2-3.", "\n\f In addition, plaintiff argues that an enlargement of the discovery schedule is needed for a\nsecond reason. ", "Plaintiff explains that during informal discussions with defendant, plaintiff\nlearned that defendant did not intend to call at trial a witness that plaintiff had expected\ndefendant would call—the IRS agent who ostensibly completed the Form 400-1.1. ", "Pl.", "’s Mot 3.", "\nSeeking to obtain evidence that plaintiff believes she will need at trial—specifically, the\ntestimony of revenue agent Robert Litarowsky that plaintiff intended to adduce on cross\nexamination—plaintiff served a second set of discovery requests three days prior to the close of\ndiscovery. ", "Plaintiff’s second discovery request carried a July 10, 2019 response deadline, well\nbeyond the June 13, 2019 close of fact discovery. ", "Id. at 2. ", "Defendant challenges plaintiff’s\nproposed extension of discovery as lacking good cause, id. at 4-5, and argues that an enlargement\nshould not be approved “to assist development of a new legal theory not raised until now,” id. at\n4.", "\n\n The discovery issues arising in this case result from certain assumptions and strategic\ndecisions made by plaintiff. ", "There is no dispute that plaintiff carries the burden of prosecuting\nher case. ", "As the United States Supreme Court has explained, “the ordinary default rule [is] that\nplaintiffs bear the risk of failing to prove their claims.” ", "Schaffer ex rel. ", "Schaffer v. Weast, 546\nU.S. 49, 56 (2005). ", "It is axiomatic that a plaintiff cannot rely on an opposing party to produce at\ntrial witnesses needed for her own case in chief.", "\n\n The court turns first to the rationale plaintiff proffers for seeking the Form 400-1.1.", "\nPlaintiff contends that defendant argues that supervisory approval is not necessary to impose\nFBAR penalties. ", "See Pl.", "’s Reply 7. ", "However, plaintiff misstates defendant’s position; defendant\nargues that compliance with the IRM, in this instance, a Form 400-1.1 bearing a signature, is not\nrelevant to the validity of the FBAR penalties. ", "See Def.", "’s Resp. ", "3-4. ", "Defendant explains that the\npurpose for which plaintiff seeks the document, to determine whether the FBAR penalties were\nproperly assessed, was satisfied through the IRS Letter 3709, which (1) contains a manager’s\nsignature and (2) defendant already provided to plaintiff. ", "Id. at 2. ", "The court agrees. ", "Case law\nmakes clear that “it is beyond cavil that the IRM does not have the force of law.” ", "Eaglehawk\nCarbon, Inc. v. United States, 122 Fed. ", "Cl. ", "209, 221 (2015); accord Fargo v. Comm’r, 447 F.3d\n706, 713 (9th Cir. ", "2006) (“The Internal Revenue Manual does not have the force of law and does\nnot confer rights on taxpayers.”); ", "Valen Mfg. ", "Co. v. United States, 90 F.3d 1190, 1194 (6th Cir.", "\n1996) (“The provisions of the manual, however, only ‘govern the internal affairs of the Internal\nRevenue Service. ", "They do not have the force and effect of law.’” (", "quoting United States v.\nHorne, 714 F.2d 206, 207 (1st Cir. ", "1983))); Marks v. Comm’r, 947 F.2d 983, 986 n.1 (D.C. Cir.", "\n1991) (“It is well-settled . . . ", "that the provisions of the [IRM] are directory rather than mandatory,\nare not codified regulations, and clearly do not have the force and effect of law.”). ", "Plaintiff\ntherefore cannot rely on the IRM to establish whether the assessment of FBAR penalties was\nproper. ", "In addition, the Form 400-1.1, as an internal work paper, is a “predecisional document.”", "\nPredecisional activities include the creation of opinions and recommendations that support a\nfinding of deliberative process privilege. ", "See Dep’t of the Interior v. Klamath Water Users\nProtective Ass’n, 532 U.S. 1, 8 (2001) (“[D]eliberative process covers ‘documents reflecting\nadvisory opinions, recommendations and deliberations comprising part of a process by which\ngovernmental decisions and policies are formulated.’” (", "quoting NLRB v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.,\n421 U.S. 132, 150 (1975))). “", "In order for a document to be protected from discovery by the\ndeliberative process privilege, it must be both ‘pre-decisional’ and ‘deliberative.’” ", "Deseret\nMgmt. ", "Corp. v. United States, 76 Fed. ", "Cl. ", "88, 95 (2007) (quoting Jade Trading, LLC v. United\n\fStates, 65 Fed. ", "Cl. ", "487, 493 (2005)). ", "Therefore, unlike a predecisional document, a decisional\ndocument is not covered by the deliberative process privilege. ", "The decisional document in this\ncase is the IRS Letter 3709, which was received by plaintiff on August 15, 2014, and formed part\nof the predicate to this lawsuit. ", "Compl. ¶ ", "11. ", "Accordingly, defendant is not required to provide\nthe Form 400-1.1 to plaintiff. ", "Nevertheless, defendant voluntarily provided a redacted copy of\nthe form prior to this ruling.", "\n\n Plaintiff’s request must be denied for another important reason. ", "Rule 16(b)(3) of the\nRules of the United States Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”) does not permit parties to serve\ninterrogatories, requests for production, or notices of deposition that cannot be completed within\nthe established discovery schedule. ", "See RCFC 16(b)(3) (“The scheduling order must limit the\ntime to . . . ", "complete discovery . . . .”). ", "As explained previously, plaintiff served its second set of\ndiscovery requests a mere three days before the close of discovery. ", "The court will not disregard\nits own rules, especially where prejudice would arise and time and costs would be wasted.", "\nIndeed, courts are well within their authority to require parties to adhere to discovery scheduling\norders. ", "See Florsheim Shoe Co. v. United States, 744 F.2d 787, 797 (Fed. ", "Cir. ", "1984)\n(“Questions of the scope and conduct of discovery are, of course, committed to the discretion of\nthe trial court.”); ", "White Mountain Apache Tribe of Ariz. v. United States, 4 Cl. ", "Ct. ", "575, 583\n(1984) (“It is axiomatic that a trial court has broad discretion to fashion discovery orders . . . .”);", "\nsee also Schism v. United States, 316 F.3d 1259, 1300 (Fed. ", "Cir. ", "2002) (“A trial court ‘has wide\ndiscretion in setting the limits of discovery.’” (", "quoting Moore v. Armour Pharm. ", "Co., 927 F.2d\n1194, 1197 (11th Cir. ", "1991))). ", "Because plaintiff submitted requests that could not have been\nreasonably completed prior to the close of discovery, the court determines that defendant is not\nrequired to comply with plaintiff’s second set of discovery requests.", "\n\n For these reasons, plaintiff’s motion to extend discovery is DENIED. ", "The parties shall\nfile a joint status report suggesting a schedule for further proceedings no later than Wednesday,\nAugust 21, 2019.", "\n\n IT IS SO ORDERED.", "\n\n\n s/ Margaret M. Sweeney\n MARGARET M. SWEENEY\n Chief Judge\n\f" ]

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[ "March 31, 2010\n\nNative American Backlash Over Speidi NamesRunning Bear and White Wolf aren't exactly being embraced by the community they hoped to join ... in fact, several Native American groups are lashing out at the reality stars over their \"ignorant\" name changes.", "\n\nAfter the people formally known as Heidi and Spencer announced their new names, TMZ spoke with a rep from the Rosebud Sioux Tribe of South Dakota, who told us, \"Continued stereotyping such as this by people ignorant of our traditional ways is very disrespectful and only hurts our efforts to curtail these stereotypes.\"", "\n\nThe rep claims they're especially upset because \"the names they have given themselves are legitimate names in our tribe.\" ", "And they're not the only ones pissed at the MTV couple ...\n\nThe National Indian Education Association tells us, \"they have taken an inaccurate stereotypical approach to enhance their public image which is offensive to our diverse American Indian cultures.", "\"Some comments on this controversy from Natives on Facebook:White Wolf and Running Bear????? ", "LMAO!!!!! ", "Why not \"Wind Whistles Thru My Ears\"? ", "I think that would be an appropriate name for these two idiots!!!!", "\n\nDISGUSTING!", "\n\nHow about running boor and white trash, instead?", "\n\nDumb and Dumber are more appropriate names...\n\nI realize people want to make connections to the indigenous people of American, but this just is not the way to do it...glad that the tribe made a comment. ", "More tribes need to speak up on behalf of our culture.", "\n\nHow embarrassing.... for them!", "\n\nSuch a disgrace...\n\nNew names: Looks For Self...Finds Gaping Pit of Soulless Racism. ", "Will that work? ", "I could translate it into Gaelic if it will make them feel more spirchul.", "Another article makes a good point about the Rosebud Sioux's \"legitimate names\" claim:\n\nBy Noah GarfinkelNOOOOOOOOOO! ", "You messed UP!!!! ", "Now we’re all just thinking about how it’s a at least a little funny that those are legitimate names. ", "And you also gave Heidi and Spencer credit for being accurate. ", "You have to listen to me when I talk to you about public relations.", "Comment: Yes, you don't want to give Heidi and Spencer credit for choosing \"legitimate\" names even if they are legitimate. ", "Why not? ", "Several reasons:\n\nCultural appropriation like this is never appropriate. ", "It doesn't matter whether the names are legitimate or not.", "\n\nWould the names be less offensive if they were more facetious: e.g., Rain Dancer, Big Beaver, or Drinks-a-Lot? ", "No, obviously not.", "\n\nHeidi and Spencer undoubtedly didn't choose their names by looking in a phone book and saying, \"Oh, here are some real Indian names. ", "Let's use them.\" ", "They picked them because Indians are stereotypically associated with wolves, bears, eagles, and hawks. ", "I.e., the noble beasts of the forest.", "\n\nThat some Indians really have such names is a coincidence. ", "These Indians inherited their names from their ancestors, who received them in a dream or vision or by doing some great deed. ", "They did not choose their names because they sounded cool, brave, or \"spiritual.\"", "\n\nAs I've said many times, if someone chose an Indian name such as Back Fat, Buffalo Hump, or He Who Yawns, I'd be impressed. ", "It would mean they were emulating the vast majority of Indians who don't have a \"noble\" wolf/bear/eagle/hawk name. ", "It would mean they were trying to connect with the reality of Indian culture, not their romantic version of it.", "\n\nOf course, it still would be a brazen example of cultural (mis)appropriation. ", "But at least the names wouldn't be blatantly stereotypical. ", "We could concentrate on why taking \"Indian names\" is wrong, not why the names themselves are wrong.", "\n\n30 Days of Night (film)30 Days of Night is a 2007 American horror film based on the comic book miniseries of the same name. ", "The film is directed by David Slade and stars Josh Hartnett, Melissa George, and Danny Huston. ", "The film was released in the United States on October 19, 2007. ", "The story focuses on the Alaskan town of Barrow, beset by vampires as it enters into a thirty-day long period without sunshine. ", "The film follows a group of people who struggle to survive until sunlight returns.", "The film is based on a comic book:\n\n30 Days of Night30 Days of Night is a three-issue horror comic book mini-series written by Steve Niles, illustrated by Ben Templesmith and published by IDW Publishing in 2002. ", "All three parties co-own the property.", "\n\nThe series takes place in Barrow, Alaska, so far north that during the winter the sun does not rise for 67 days. ", "In the series, vampires, being vulnerable to sunlight, take advantage of the prolonged darkness to feast upon the town's inhabitants.", "\n\nInitially an unsuccessful film pitch, the series became a breakout success story for Steve Niles, whose previous works had received relatively little attention. ", "It was also the first full-length work by co-creator Ben Templesmith. ", "The series has been followed by numerous sequel series and, in 2007, was adapted into a film of the same name.", "Eben OlemaunEben Olemaun, the primary protagonist of 30 Days of Night, is the sheriff of the small town of Barrow, Alaska. ", "When the vampires attack Barrow, Olemaun leads a small group of survivors including his wife Stella and young teenage brother, Jake.", "\n\nFilm\n\nIn the 30 Days of Night film adaptation, the character's name was changed from Eben Olemaun to Eben Oleson. ", "Eben was portrayed by American actor Josh Hartnett.", "Comment: Michael Le of Racebending notes that Josh Hartnett's character was originally Inuit. ", "The movie renamed him and made him white.", "\n\nRight, because people wouldn't go to a horror movie about vampires in the Arctic night unless a white actor plays the lead role. ", "I can just imagine the pitch meeting:\n\nPRODUCER: Vampires in the Arctic night!", "\n\nSTUDIO EXEC: Great idea! ", "It practically sells itself!", "\n\nSTUDIO EXEC: I presume a white guy is the hero.", "\n\nPRODUCER: Uh, no, the lead character is Inuit.", "\n\nSTUDIO EXEC: No go. ", "That'll never work.", "\n\nPRODUCER: But you just said it was a great idea.", "\n\nSTUDIO EXEC: That was before I knew. ", "Audiences won't go to see an Inuit hero.", "\n\nPRODUCER: Did I say he was Inuit? ", "I meant he's white.", "\n\nSTUDIO EXEC: Great idea! ", "It practically sells itself!", "\n\nThe movie cost $30 million and has made $75 million because horror movies usually make money. ", "But some exec thought this project was too risky to cast an Inuit (or Asian, or Indian) as the main character? ", "Sounds like pure racism to me.", "\n\nI'd love to hear a studio exec make the case for casting Josh Hartnett. ", "How much additional money do you think the little-known Hartnett brought in? ", "What would the take have been with a Native actor? ", "Give us some numbers so we can determine exactly how racist you are.", "\n\nThe image is accompanied by the text, \"Hang with me on Louis Riel Day.\"", "\n\nLouis Riel Day is a February holiday in Manitoba.", "\n\n\"I really feel disgusted when I see something like that,\" said Gabriel Dufault, president of the Franco-Métis Association in Manitoba. \"", "It's obviously the work of one with a troubled mind.", "\n\n\"It's racist in nature and I don't see any humour in this at all.\"", "\n\nRiel was a former MP and leader of the Métis people, and is considered the founder of the province of Manitoba.", "\n\nHe was hanged for treason in 1885 at the age of 41 after leading Métis resistance in Saskatchewan against the Canadian government.", "\n\nToday, he is regarded as a folk hero by many for his defence of Métis rights and culture.", "Comment: Some online commenters questioned Dufault's reaction to the shirts:We have seen t-shirts depicting the pope, presidents, prime ministers, etc. ", "just as offensive sold on-line.", "\n\nI could see how someone could deem it in poor taste or even 'offensive' (a grossly overused term in its own right) but racist?", "\n\nDon't agree or disagree with me: TELL me...HOW is it racist?Show us the t-shirts featuring the pope, presidents, and prime ministers being hanged. ", "Until you do, this shirt singles out a Métis person because of his race-based actions. ", "That makes it discriminatory on the basis of race, or racist.", "\n\nI was wondering where David Yeagley has been the last couple years. ", "Here's a possible answer.", "\n\nI'm told Yeagley the Indian apple is suing his Native critics for calling him a non-Indian. ", "Apparently he was fired from his writing and speaking gigs and is lashing out.", "\n\nI gather he's also suing universities, literary presses, websites, and ISPs. ", "Basically anyone who may have published or posted a defamatory statement about him.", "\n\nMy informants were a bit surprised Yeagley hasn't targeted me. ", "I've certainly criticized him enough, so I hope he doesn't come after me. ", "But I'm not sure I ever explicitly labeled him a non-Indian. ", "If he's enrolled in the Comanche tribe, he has a legitimate claim to be called an Indian, even if he has little or no Indian blood.", "\n\nOf course, I have called him an apple, an alleged Indian, a pseudo-Indian, and the likee. ", "Not to mention a moron, a nutcase, and a racist. ", "That seems like more than enough to earn his enmity.", "\n\nLast time someone threatened to sue me, I kicked his butt all over the map. ", "He didn't carry out his threat, which was clearly a bluff. ", "I trust Yeagley will be smarter than that loudmouth was.", "\n\nSomeone on Facebook added a little perspective:Yeagley doesn't have the money to sue anyone. ", "It's just talk. ", "He's done this before in hopes of silencing people.", "You're probably right, but he could've found some right-wing lawyers to help him. ", "I think he's served papers on someone already, so it may be more than talk this time. ", "Or not.", "\n\nCedar wolf rattles and paddles, woven cedar baskets and hats, canned smoked salmon and other goods are available at www.twilight-quileute.com.", "\n\n\"Traveling across our great country and observing other native tribes commercially marketing their wares in a successful and respectful manner motivated us to explore the concept of promoting culturally appropriate authentic Quileute items online,\" said Chairwoman Anna Rose Counsell-Geyer.", "\n\n\"Though we began this exploration prior to the Twilight phenomenon, I am delighted for the artisans in the village who have a global audience interested in owning a part of authentic Quileute culture, and thrilled we can share our art with fans and collectors who are unable to visit LaPush personally.\"", "\n\nStudents at the Quileute Tribal School made hand-cut cedar paddle necklaces which are modeled after the ones worn by the character Emily in the movie, \"The Twilight Saga: New Moon,\" which was based on the second book in the Twilight series, New Moon.", "Comment: For more on the subject, see Quileutes Embrace Twilight Tourism and Quileute Werewolves in Twilight.", "\n\nBelow: \"This paddle necklace is one of the items Quileute Tribal School children are making for the tribe's e-commerce site inspired by the Twilight books and movies.\"", "\n\nBy Rosanda Suetopka ThayerOlympic snowboarder and gold medalist Shaun White, 23, was so inspired by his most recent win at this year's 2010 Olympic games that he and his father decided to commemorate the win by getting new arm tattoos.", "\n\nAt first, White's dad suggested, getting the Olympic circles or possibly a middle Eastern philosophy symbol, but White had his own idea.", "\n\nHe wanted to get a tattoo that symbolized the strength and endurance of America's First People and that was somehow connected to water or snow. ", "That's when he saw the Hopi rain cloud symbol and knew that was the one for him. ", "He had this symbol inked on his left forearm.", "\n\nMarch 30, 2010\n\nBy Julianne JenningsThe word \"Indian\" is a European classification and evidence of a serious geographical mistake. \"", "American Indian,\" \"Native American\" and the use of the term \"Mixed-Blood\" are also classifications that are invalid and historically incorrect and misleading. ", "According to Indian rights activist, Russell Means, these governmentally designated terms are used to describe Native Americans as \"..­.all the prisoners of the U.S. government\" and that the idea of a Native American Heritage Month is a \"...subterfuge to hide the ongoing daily genocide being practiced against my people by this United States of America.\" ", "Still, many indigenous people continue to use the word Indian to describe themselves as a result of internalized colonialism.", "And:As opposed to \"White,\" Indian is a racist term. ", "The \"I\" category was created to cause the ultimate vanquishing of the Indian through racial classification when all else failed to make Indians extinct. ", "The category White is self-imposed to promote a social hierarchy of superior and inferior types. ", "The real persons of this continent knew themselves by names that translated to \"the people\" or \"the human beings\" in relation to their physical location. ", "Before the word \"tribe\" was obligatory, these differentiated people in respect to bands, clans and nations, had distinct territories, and were independent political entities with the inherent right to self-govern. ", "Within these groups identity was based on community and society, and not race. ", "Of the small amount of human genetic variation, eighty-six percent exists within a local population. ", "There is more variation within a particular race than there is between different races. ", "Race is not biological, but racism is real. ", "These perceived \"racial\" differences justified colonial control, slavery and social inferiority today.", "And:Tribe is another misnomer to signify one stage of cultural development in human evolution, thus the etymological origins must be understood. \"", "Historically, the term tribe in Roman colonial expansion was referred to as \"tribus,\" meaning a conquered people away from the centers of \"civilization\" at the peripheries of empire. ", "Prior to the rise of colonialism, many of today's tribes were \"nations\" or \"kingdoms\" with whom the Europeans and Americans negotiated on a state to state basis only after these people were subjugated was tribe applied to them\" (Lobban et al.). ", "With the concomitant rise in racist ideology, tribal people came to be stereotyped as \"inferior, backward, heathen and uncivilized\" from the loftiness of European and colonial perspectives.", "Comment: I think everyone agrees we should call Indians by their tribal affiliation whenever possible. ", "But everyone also agrees that we need a collective name for the original inhabitants of the Americas.", "\n\nWithout such a name, we'd have no way of talking about the collective past, present, and future of these people. ", "For instance, try describing the significance of the phrase \"The only good Indian is a dead Indian\" without using the word \"Indian.\"", "\n\nSo we need a collective term for these people. ", "The alternatives commonly used include Indians, Native Americans, First Americans, First Nations, Aboriginals, and Amerindians. ", "You can find problems with all these terms, but Indians (including Russell Means) have settled on the term \"Indian.\" ", "It's by far the most common term used in Indian country.", "\n\nJennings is correct that \"Indian\" isn't a distinct racial category. ", "It's more of an indistinct ethnic category with racial and cultural attributes. ", "As we've seen, the dividing line between Indian and non-Indian often isn't clear. ", "But at the core, Indians have a set of traits and beliefs that set them apart from non-Indians.", "\n\nAs for \"tribe\" vs. \"nation,\" the main difference may be size. ", "Tribes were small enough that people could have kinship ties with each other. ", "The larger nations relied on less personal bonds such as a common language, culture, or history.", "\n\nBut now Indians tend to use \"nation\" in official or political circumstances and \"tribe\" in social or personal ones. ", "It's become something like the distinction between \"Indian\" and \"Native American.\" ", "People will refer to \"Native Americans\" and \"nations\" formally and \"Indians\" and \"tribes\" informally.", "\n\n“What if it was -50C outside, booze and drugs are almost triple what they are in the rest of the country, and a bunch of your friends committed suicide because they got dumped?” ", "the story reads. “", "That’s Nunavut teenhood, in a frozen and depressing nutshell.”", "\n\nThe piece also describes the smell of maktaq as “sweet, rotting, flesh-garbage” and claims that kids go snowboarding “in tank tops when it’s –35 C and get sunburned.”", "\n\nAngnaluaaq ‘Tia’ Friesen, an 18-year old nursing student at Nunavut Arctic College, called the story “pretty insane.”", "\n\nFriesen said the Vice story serves as an introduction to Nunavut for some southerners, and while the article has streaks of truth throughout, it’s insulting to imply that all teens ever do on weekends is get wasted.", "\n\n“I’ve never been drunk,” Friesen said. “", "I’ve never been high.”", "\n\nSo Friesen’s started a Facebook group calling on Vice to pull the story. ", "It’s attracted more than 130 members in under a week.", "The original article:\n\nComment: There's a fine line between \"negative but accurate\" and \"too negative and therefore inaccurate.\" ", "For instance, the Vice article says:Like most teenagers the goal on a Saturday night is to get fucked up. ", "If you don’t have a cool older sibling who hooks you up then you’re pretty much on your own to find a way of getting wasted. ", "A typical Saturday night in Iqaluit consists of wandering around looking for a party.", "Does that imply that all Native youths get drunk? ", "Does it imply they're worse than non-Native youths? ", "Hard to say.", "\n\nThe piece is focused on the negative and cultural insensitive. ", "Since I haven't visited Iqaluit, I'll take Friesen's word that the portrait is unfair and \"pretty insane.\" ", "It carries a whiff of stereotyping: Natives as drunk, good-for-nothing, and uncivilized.", "\n\nBy Jack StevensAll these new reservation products are cultural matches, but so is entrepreneurship itself. ", "Markets, trade and importation of raw materials for manufacturing were not concepts brought here by Europeans. ", "Sophisticated Indian trade networks veined the continent long before European contact. ", "During the Hopewellian (200 B.C.–400 A.D.) and Mississippian (800 A.D.–1500 A.D.) periods of Native American history, Indians in Illinois, New York and Ohio traded for conch shells from the Gulf of Mexico, obsidian from what is now Yellowstone Park, copper from the Great Lakes, gold and silver from what is now Canada, fossil shark’s teeth from Chesapeake Bay, and mica and crystal from the Appalachians. ", "Southwestern tribes traded in shells, copper bells, and macaws and parrots from what is now Mexico, and turquoise from what is today California. ", "Indians on the Missouri in the Dakotas traded for marine shells from the Pacific and Gulf coasts.", "\n\nAfter the Europeans’ arrival, Ojibwe (not English, Spanish, or French) became the lingua franca of trade up to the 18th century. ", "Great Lakes tribes established portages and elaborate schedules for water-borne transportation of furs and other trade goods. ", "Choctaw-based Mobilian was the language of commerce between tribes and the new settlers on the lower Mississippi and the Gulf Coast. ", "In the Northeast, both the Dutch and English adopted as legal tender the Indians’ wampum, intricately crafted strings of cylindrical beads.", "\n\nIt is likely that the Lakota ancestors of Hunter and Red Cloud traded buffalo meat, hides and horns for food crops at Arikara trading centers along the upper Missouri Valley. ", "The forebears of Simon and TurningRobe may have bargained at inter-tribal markets along the Columbia River, where Nez Perce, Wishram, Wasco, Wyampam, Chinookian-speaking coastal people, and members of other tribes traded wares.", "\n\nThe framers of the U.S. Constitution acknowledged the substance and scope of these indigenous exchange networks by adopting the Commerce Clause to regulate trade “with the Indian tribes.", "”Comment: Although you occasionally see two tribes meet in movies or TV shows to settle a grievance or arrange a marriage, you rarely see any trade activity. ", "Indians engaged in the beaver trade, guiding Europeans on trade missions...you almost never see anything like that. ", "It's more comfortable to imagine Indians sitting in their tipi villages plotting war or worshiping nature. ", "Either way they're savages. ", "We don't have to credit them with being clever, resourceful businessmen like the Europeans were.", "\n\nCharles Trimble: Guardian Angels come to Indian CountryWhen I read the Indianz.com article that the first Guardian Angels chapter in Indian Country is starting on the Fort Peck Reservation in Montana, my reaction was, “How appropriate; a traditional Akicita approach to the problem of policing Indian country.”", "\n\nIn Sioux camps in olden times, the police that kept order were the Akicita (pronounced ah-KEE-chee-tah). ", "These were men who were selected for their generosity, leadership, and most of all, their bravery. ", "These men were of the warrior societies, the elite among the men.", "\n\nLife in the camps on the Plains required much discipline on the part of individuals and families. ", "There was no place for troublemakers who disturbed the peace by their behavior and by their disrespect for laws and authority. ", "With families that were troublemakers, we are told, akicita warriors might call out the male head of the tiospaye, and humiliate him, sometimes whipping him from their horses with their quirts. ", "A family that persisted making trouble, or trashing the campsite, would be ostracized to live away from the camp, and sometimes even to be expelled from the camp completely. ", "This would doom that family because other camps would know that they were forced to wander because they were troublemakers, and nobody wanted troublemakers.", "\n\nAs with much of our traditional cultures, that discipline has been lost. ", "There is little respect, even for elders. ", "Neighbors’ yards and gardens regularly are trashed. ", "In one village on the Pine Ridge Reservation, gangs are mounted and do their mischief on horseback, causing much damage to property. ", "Gangs and drugs are a growing problem on reservations all across the Northern Plains.", "Comment: For more on the subject, see Guardian Angels on the Rez.", "\n\nSpeidi--We've Given Ourselves Indian Names ...Heidi Montag has altered her identity yet again--sans plastic surgery this time--after she and Spencer Pratt decided to give themselves \"true native-American names\" in an effort to become more spiritual.", "\n\nSo ... goodbye Heidi and Spencer ... hello White Wolf and Running Bear, respectively.", "Comment: These are really lame names...but no worse than the ones chosen by any New Ager or wannabe.", "\n\nThe idea that names will make them more Indian, and being Indian will make them more spiritual, is doubly stereotypical and stupid. ", "Try going to church, or whatever your ancestors did, if you want to get in touch with your spiritual side.", "\n\nMarch 29, 2010\n\nSunday's episode of The Simpsons (airdate: 3/28/10) featured yet another reference to Indians. ", "Here's the story:\n\nThe Greatest Story Ever D'ohedNed Flanders invites the Simpson family to join him a church retreat to Jerusalem. ", "Homer is unappreciative of the culture, until a tour guide starts taking him around the city and Homer deludes himself into thinking he is the Messiah.", "When the Americans arrive in Jerusalem, Homer convinces them that a breakfast buffet is more interesting than the city's sights. ", "The following exchange occurs:MRS. ", "LOVEJOY: These blueberry muffins are bigger than the ones we had at Pechanga.", "\n\nREV. ", "LOVEJOY: Finally, something you like better than Pechanga.", "Comment: As long-time readers know, I work for a Pechanga Indian on the PECHANGA.net website.", "\n\nThis is a minor reference, to be sure, but it's notable for several reasons:\n\nIt's the fourth Simpsons reference to Indians this season, which isn't a record but is pretty good.", "\n\nThis makes three nonstereotypical references in a row: no chiefs, teepees, or other Plains stereotypes.", "\n\nThis also makes three references in a row to tribes other than the usual ones: Lakota, Cherokee, Navajo, or Apache.", "\n\nIt's a rare instance of a real tribe's being mentioned by name. ", "It's all the more unusual because the tribe is one of two or three dozen in Southern California. ", "I can't recall any instances of a network entertainment series naming a tribe south of the Chumash in Ventura County.", "\n\nIt's possibly the first mention of Pechanga in any network entertainment series.", "\n\nIt's a reference to a gaming tribe without some snide or stereotypical comment about Indian casinos.", "\n\nClearly someone on the staff is trying to include Native references in The Simpsons this year. ", "Let's hope it continues.", "\n\nBy Bradley PecoreWhen the United States was founded hundreds of years ago, Indigenous communities were presented with new and arbitrarily drawn borders within their ancestral homelands. ", "A group exhibit, I Didn’t Cross the Border, the Border Crossed Me, at the Museum of Contemporary Native Arts’ Museum Store and Lloyd Kiva New Gallery will investigate the impact these borders have had on Native people. ", "The exhibit opens Saturday, April 17 from 12 noon–2:00 p.m. at the Museum of Contemporary Native Arts in downtown Santa Fe (108 Cathedral Place) and will continue until May 23. ", "As with all Museum Store exhibits, art work is for sale, and proceeds go to the artists and the Museum.", "\n\nThe physical and cognitive constructions of the United States/Canada and United States/Mexico border have created multidimensional divisions in society associated with nationality, physical borders, family, identity, sovereignty, regional attitudes, human rights, documentation and more. ", "Gallery Associate, Institute of American Indian Arts’ alumnus and show organizer Bradley Pecore says the show will investigate these “…varied perspectives regarding traditional lands and current national boundaries in the modern day Indigenous reality.", "”The exhibit title may come from Somos mas Americanos, a song by the Grammy-winning group Los Tigres del Norte:\n\n'I didn't cross the border, the border crossed me' A thousand times they have shouted at me, \"Go home, you don't belong here\" Let me remind the Gringo That I didn't cross the border, the border crossed me America was born free--Man divided her They drew the line so I would have to jump it And they call me Invader That's a big error They took eight states from us--who is the invader here? ", "I am a stranger in my own land I don't come to make war--I'm a working manComment: For more on the subject, see The Border Project.", "\n\nBy Doug MeigsSamian came to China to share the story of his people. ", "His people are the Abitibiwinni (Algonquin) of Canada’s Quebec Province.", "\n\nSamian–aka Samuel Tremblay–joined a group of musicians for a whirlwind tour of seven Chinese cities. ", "The International Organization of the Francophonie sponsored La Fête de la Francophonie, a roving festival showcasing the French-speaking world’s shared linguistic culture. ", "Samian represents Canada. ", "He joined an electro-pop singer from Belgium (Labiur) and a hip-hop trio from France (Al K Traxx).", "\n\nHonoring a tribe's history with artPrincess Angeline, Chief Seattle's eldest daughter, will be honored with a three-panel carving by artist George David, who was commissioned to create a work for the 100th anniversary of Chief Seattle Days in Suquamish, Kitsap County.", "\n\nThree red cedar panels, which will depict her life, will be placed in a dedication in Angeline Park the third weekend of August.", "Below: \"Working in a Port Orchard studio, George David carves the first of three panels depicting the life of Princess Angeline, Chief Seattle's daughter. ", "When finished, the three panels will celebrate the 100th anniversary of Chief Seattle Days in Suquamish, Kitsap County.\" (", "Alan Berner/The Seattle Times)\n\nRecognized for its cultural tourism program and preservation effortsDispelling the notion of western towns as nothing more than Hollywood movie lore, Cherokee Nation and its capital city of Tahlequah is a thriving cultural community that has earned the seventh spot on the list of Top 10 True Western Towns of 2010 as recognized by True West Magazine.", "\n\nTrue West editors determine winners for this annual award based on criteria demonstrating how each town has preserved its history through old buildings, museums and other institutions, events and promotions of historic resources.", "\n\n“The Cherokee have made it their mission to preserve their culture and hand it down to future generations,” said True West Executive Editor Bob Boze Bell. “", "Their heritage is a proud one–and their efforts to keep it alive deserve honors.”", "\n\nIn January 2009, Cherokee Nation created a cultural tourism program with genuine Cherokee perspective and cultural experiences that is distinctively branded: “Osiyo, Cherokees Say Hello Like No One Else.” ", "The foundation of the tourism program rests in its cultural, historical, natural and recreational resources of the Cherokee Nation, which includes the 14-county area located in northeastern Oklahoma that spans 7,000 square miles.", "Comment: Eastern Oklahoma is in the Midwest, not the West, but never mind.", "\n\nMarch 28, 2010\n\nSavage: The Life and Times of Jemmy ButtonBy Nick HazlewoodThomas Dunne Books St. Martin's Press: 384 pp., ", "$25.95\n\nBy Yxta Maya MurrayIn 1833, British naval commander Robert FitzRoy permitted a free-thinking naturalist named Charles Darwin to accompany him on the Beagle en route to Tierra del Fuego, a network of channels and islands off the Straits of Magellan at the tip of South America. ", "FitzRoy intended to return home three Fuegians who had spent a year enduring a \"civilizing\" education in England, with the hopes that they would convince the natives that Jesus Christ was their lord and savior and that their subjugation to Europeans wasn't such a bad idea, either.", "\n\nOne of the Fuegians traveling with Darwin was the infamous Jemmy Button, nee Orundellico, who had been abducted by FitzRoy three years before and who, three decades later, would be implicated in the slaughter of eight British missionaries on Tierra del Fuego. ", "Darwin saw no signs of the antipathy that would later (allegedly) drive Button to violence; in \"The Voyage of the Beagle\" he noted: \"Button was a universal favourite, but likewise passionate; the expression of his face at once showed his nice disposition.\" ", "Of the other Fuegians, however, who had not benefited from English instruction, Darwin wrote elsewhere:\n\n\"I declare the thought, when I first saw in Tierra del Fuego a naked, painted, shivering hideous savage, that my ancestors must have been somewhat similar beings, was at that time as revolting to me, nay more revolting than my present belief that an incomparably more remote ancestor was a hairy beast.", "\"More quotes on Indians\n\nCharles DarwinChapter 10--Tierra Del FuegoIn the morning the Captain sent a party to communicate with the Fuegians. ", "When we came within hail, one of the four natives who were present advanced to receive us, and began to shout most vehemently, wishing to direct us where to land. ", "When we were on shore the party looked rather alarmed, but continued talking and making gestures with great rapidity. ", "It was without exception the most curious and interesting spectacle I ever beheld: I could not have believed how wide was the difference between savage and civilized man: it is greater than between a wild and domesticated animal, inasmuch as in man there is a greater power of improvement.", "\n\nIt seems yet wonderful to me, when I think over all his many good qualities that he [Jemmy] should have been of the same race, and doubtless partaken of the same character, with the miserable, degraded savages whom we first met here.", "\n\nAfter our first feeling of grave astonishment was over, nothing could be more ludicrous than the odd mixture of surprise and imitation which these savages every moment exhibited.", "\n\nWe have no reason to believe that they perform any sort of religious worship; though perhaps the muttering of the old man before he distributed the putrid blubber to his famished party, may be of this nature. ", "Each family or tribe has a wizard or conjuring doctor, whose office we could never clearly ascertain.", "\n\nTheir skill in some respects may be compared to the instinct of animals; for it is not improved by experience: the canoe, their most ingenious work, poor as it is, has remained the same, as we know from Drake, for the last two hundred and fifty years.", "\n\nI shall never forget how wild and savage one group appeared: suddenly four or five men came to the edge of an overhanging cliff; they were absolutely naked, and their long hair streamed about their faces; they held rugged staffs in their hands, and, springing from the ground, they waved their arms round their heads, and sent forth the most hideous yells.", "\n\nLike wild beasts, they do not appear to compare numbers; for each individual, if attacked, instead of retiring, will endeavour to dash your brains out with a stone, as certainly as a tiger under similar circumstances would tear you.", "\n\nWe were well clothed, and though sitting close to the fire were far from too warm; yet these naked savages, though further off, were observed, to our great surprise, to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting.", "\n\nThe perfect equality among the individuals composing the Fuegian tribes must for a long time retard their civilization. ", "As we see those animals, whose instinct compels them to live in society and obey a chief, are most capable of improvement, so is it with the races of mankind. ", "Whether we look at it as a cause or a consequence, the more civilized always have the most artificial governments.", "Darwin attempted a pseudo-evolutionary explanation for the Indians' \"savagery\":Whilst beholding these savages, one asks, whence have they come? ", "What could have tempted, or what change compelled a tribe of men, to leave the fine regions of the north, to travel down the Cordillera or backbone of America, to invent and build canoes, which are not used by the tribes of Chile, Peru, and Brazil, and then to enter on one of the most inhospitable countries within the limits of the globe? ", "Although such reflections must at first seize on the mind, yet we may feel sure that they are partly erroneous. ", "There is no reason to believe that the Fuegians decrease in number; therefore we must suppose that they enjoy a sufficient share of happiness, of whatever kind it may be, to render life worth having. ", "Nature by making habit omnipotent, and its effects hereditary, has fitted the Fuegian to the climate and the productions of his miserable country.", "Darwin seems to have thought the Indians were like animals: well-adapted biologically to their environment. ", "He seems to have missed the more obvious explanation: that they were well-adapted culturally to their environment. ", "If their numbers remained stable despite not having clothing, religion, technology, or government, they apparently didn't need these things. ", "They did just fine without them.", "\n\nWhy not become more \"civilized\"? ", "Well, clothing might've led to status-seeking, technology to an arms race, and religion and government to a power-hungry hierarchy. ", "Perhaps they judged that these things weren't worth the trouble they'd bring. ", "Which is very different from saying they were too bestial to figure out the \"benefits\" of civilization.", "\n\nWhat happened to Jemmy Button?", "\n\nMurray's book review continues with the outcome of Jemmy Button's story:In 1854, delegates of the Patagonia Missionary Society, \"driven by intense religious passions,\" sailed from Bristol to Tierra del Fuego hoping to find the English-speaking Button and persuade him to aid in their evangelical efforts. ", "Apparently expecting a couth Tarzan, the missionaries instead encountered a \"fat little Indian, dirty and naked, speaking understandable phrases of their own language.\"", "\n\nWhat ensued reads like a cross between \"Gilligan's Island\" and \"The Island of Dr. Moreau\": The missionaries fought among themselves; one captain sailed home in a huff, threatening to sue; Button promised to return to England with the missionaries, then reneged; he demanded presents from the delegation's Rev. George Packenham Despard but refused to teach the Britons Yamana, his native tongue. ", "Moreover, Button and his kindred resisted laboring for their keepers--an un-Christian trait that the missionaries set out to correct through a program of rewards, beatings and personal searches (the Fuegians could be quite the pickpockets when gifts were not forthcoming).", "\n\nHow successful were the missionaries? ", "After a while, Button seemed to play along, and the Fuegians learned to pray and cover their privates. ", "The time spent with the British, Hazlewood tells us, \"turned them from lethargic sloths into energetic, industrious laborers.\"", "\n\nThen one day, during a peaceful prayer meeting, 300 Fuegians descended upon eight of the missionaries, slaughtering them in cold blood. ", "Although Button blamed another Fuegian tribe for the butchery, Hazlewood asserts that it is \"distinctly probable\" that he led the attack.", "Comment: Darwin wasn't involved with the second voyage, but the missionaries' views seem similar to his. ", "The Europeans and Americans who encountered North American Indians also had similar views. ", "Basically, they thought Indians were wretched, slothful savages until they adopted the white man's ways. ", "In their natural state they had no technology, religion, or government; they were just whooping, strutting creatures like some sort of peacock.", "\n\nBy Frank RichIf Obama’s first legislative priority had been immigration or financial reform or climate change, we would have seen the same trajectory. ", "The conjunction of a black president and a female speaker of the House—topped off by a wise Latina on the Supreme Court and a powerful gay Congressional committee chairman—would sow fears of disenfranchisement among a dwindling and threatened minority in the country no matter what policies were in play. ", "It’s not happenstance that Frank, Lewis and Cleaver—none of them major Democratic players in the health care push—received a major share of last weekend’s abuse. ", "When you hear demonstrators chant the slogan “Take our country back!,” ", "these are the people they want to take the country back from.", "\n\nThey can’t. ", "Demographics are avatars of a change bigger than any bill contemplated by Obama or Congress. ", "The week before the health care vote, The Times reported that births to Asian, black and Hispanic women accounted for 48 percent of all births in America in the 12 months ending in July 2008. ", "By 2012, the next presidential election year, non-Hispanic white births will be in the minority. ", "The Tea Party movement is virtually all white. ", "The Republicans haven’t had a single African-American in the Senate or the House since 2003 and have had only three in total since 1935. ", "Their anxieties about a rapidly changing America are well-grounded.", "\n\nIf Congressional Republicans want to maintain a politburo-like homogeneity in opposition to the Democrats, that’s their right. ", "If they want to replay the petulant Gingrich government shutdown of 1995 by boycotting hearings and, as John McCain has vowed, refusing to cooperate on any legislation, that’s their right too (and a political gift to the Democrats). ", "But they can’t emulate the 1995 G.O.P. by remaining silent as mass hysteria, some of it encompassing armed militias, runs amok in their own precincts. ", "We know the end of that story. ", "And they can’t pretend that we’re talking about “isolated incidents” or a “fringe” utterly divorced from the G.O.P. A Quinnipiac poll last week found that 74 percent of Tea Party members identify themselves as Republicans or Republican-leaning independents, while only 16 percent are aligned with Democrats.", "\n\nAfter the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, some responsible leaders in both parties spoke out to try to put a lid on the resistance and violence. ", "The arch-segregationist Russell of Georgia, concerned about what might happen in his own backyard, declared flatly that the law is “now on the books.” ", "Yet no Republican or conservative leader of stature has taken on Palin, Perry, Boehner or any of the others who have been stoking these fires for a good 17 months now. ", "Last week McCain even endorsed Palin’s “reload” rhetoric.", "Comment: This column is consistent with the conservative view of Indians I described before. ", "These same people want to \"take back the country\" from Indians and their alleged special rights, welfare mooching, and casino greed.", "\n\nFrank Rich says conservatives would've tarred and feathered Obama with some other issue if the stimulus package, General Motors takeover, and healthcare reform hadn't been available. ", "The evidence proves Rich is right.", "\n\nLet's look at the long list of attempts to label Obama black, foreign, and un-American. ", "Just off the top of my head, there's:\n\nNone of these have anything to do with government spending or taxation. ", "All of them reflect the beliefs of teabaggers, talk radio, and other rabid conservatives. ", "They hate Obama not because he's a \"liberal\" Democrat but because he isn't a WASP.", "\n\nThese people weren't crying about \"death panels\" because they seriously believed that was part of the Democratic agenda. ", "They were crying because they found another way to paint Obama as a threat to their white power and privilege. ", "Now that Congress has passed healthcare reform, they'll find something else to cry about.", "\n\nFrank Rich has nailed this point before and he's done it again. ", "For his previous columns on the subject, see:\n\nOver the weekend I drove two hours north to my sister's home in Chumash territory (Ojai). ", "We were gathering to celebrate my mom's 80th birthday.", "\n\nAt one point Sis and I went out to buy some oranges. ", "I asked her what the name of her street, Matilija, meant. ", "She didn't know.", "\n\nI figured it was Spanish for an obscure kind of fruit or something. ", "Not so. ", "Here's the story of Matilija:\n\nGlory from Old California–The Matilijas are in BloomThe name Matilija originates with the Chumash Indian Chief Matilija and his tribe, who lived in the hills and valleys of Ventura county during the early 1800s. ", "Numerous legends from Old California tell of the story of his daughter Amatil and her lost love. ", "In most versions, Amatil falls in love with a young brave, is kidnapped by Spaniards to work at Mission Buenaventura, longs to return to her tribal home, Ojai (the Nest), and finally flees the mission only to find her lover mortally wounded after a fierce battle with the Spaniards. ", "The lovely Matilija flower is said to symbolize the tears of Amatil and her heart of gold.", "\n\nThe legends seem to have some base in history—like many California tribes, the Chumash resisted the influence of the Spaniards and their Mission culture, and Chief Matilija is known to have fought a major battle with the Spanish near Mission Buenaventura in 1824. ", "To this day, many creeks, canyons, natural and man-made landmarks, streets and businesses near Ojai and Ventura are named after Chief Matilija.", "\n\nA longer version of the legend with a slightly different ending:\n\nLegend of the MatilijaWell, many years passed before a stranger climbed the stairway to the headlands. (", "As I told you, all this was long before my time.) ", "And what do you think he found there? ", "To this day, white flowers of the Matilija poppy cover the grave of the lovers, a more beautiful burial shroud than the hand of man could devise....This legend has Chief Matilija dying in the Spanish attack. ", "Another legend adds a twist:\n\nChief Peak AdventureThe legend says Chief Matilija, nearing death, was brought to the top of the mountain so he could look up at the sky. ", "After his death the mountain was transformed into an image of the chief. ", "He lays on his back in full headdress, looking up to the sky...do you see him?", "\n\nMany years ago the Chumash Indians roamed the forests and hunted game in the bountiful Ojai Valley. ", "When a bad omen came to the tribe, the great spirit sent two white gophers to Chief Matilija. ", "The gophers instructed the chief and his people to perform acts of unselfish service and sacrifice. ", "Chief Matilija perished in a great calamity, but with the acts of service and devotion done, the great spirit sent Chief Topa Topa to the Chumash to save the worthy people from an evil horde. ", "In the 1920s the spirit of unselfish service was rekindled at Ventura County Council's Camp Grey. ", "There, the \"Tribe of Matilija\" was founded as the honor camping organization of the council. ", "The tribe had as its purpose to promote camping at Camp Grey. ", "The Order of the Arrow in Ventura County was established in June 1944, when ceremonies were conducted during the Camp-O-Ral at Steckel Park to induct 13 selected scouts as charter members of Topa Topa Lodge #291 of the Order of the Arrow. ", "Thus the Order of the Arrow came to replace the \"Tribe of Matilija.\" ", "The new lodge took its name from the legendary Chief Topa Topa.", "Comment: As usual, the Boy Scouts' reason for appropriating Indian culture is weak or nonexistent.", "\n\nSo my sister's street is named after a chief, a flower, and a Boy Scout troop. ", "It's yet another example of how our culture is built on Indian cultures and we don't even realize it.", "\n\nAwards to honour aboriginal achieversInuit artist Kannanginak Pootoogook and Blackfoot cultural leader Tom Crane Bear are among this year's recipients of the 17th annual National Aboriginal Achievement Awards in Regina on Friday.", "\n\nPootoogook is the son of Joseph Pootoogook—one of the founders of Cape Dorset artist colony. ", "He is a painter, engraver and lithographer, particularly of wildlife art. ", "His work documents the Inuit way of life, the land and the environment.", "\n\nTom Crane Bear served as an elder adviser for the Siksika Nation and for the Banff Centre's aboriginal programs contributing to cross-cultural collaboration. ", "Crane Bear brings his knowledge of the Blackfoot heritage to work with aboriginal youth and counselling in Alberta and Ontario prisons.", "\n\nMétis actress Andrea Menard from the supernatural drama-series Rabbit Fall and actor Raoul Trujillo from True Blood will host the event. ", "Performers will include singer/songwriter Buffy Sainte-Marie, who won the Lifelong Contribution to Aboriginal Music Award in 2008. ", "Also performing are country music artist Crystal Shawanda, actor/director Michael Greyeyes, with actor Lorne Cardinal, best known for his character Davis Quinton on Corner Gas.", "National Aboriginal Achievement Awards presented in Regina\n\nMarch 27, 2010\n\nA RIVER RUNNING WEST The Life of John Wesley Powell By Donald Worster Oxford University Press: 720 pp., ", "$35\n\nBy Patricia LimerickOn the last page of \"A River Running West,\" Worster briefly comments on Powell's standing, so espoused by Stegner and contemporary environmentalists, and he issues what we might call a \"permit to admire\": \"Conservationists and environmentalists would rightly look back on him as one of their founding giants.\" ", "But he also suggests that those who might want to reshape Powell, retrospectively, into a supporter of any early 21st-century political program will have a tough time of it. ", "Worster lets us know that Powell had an unusual and progressive enthusiasm for the company of Indian people; inspired by his parents' ardent abolitionism, he believed that difference among races derived purely from culture and not from biological inferiority or superiority. ", "And yet, as Worster thoroughly acknowledges, Powell felt certain that Anglo-American culture was far superior to Indian cultures. ", "Near the end of his career, Powell announced his hearty approval of the good work done by the federal government in driving Indian people toward assimilation: \"The lowest tribes are still children,\" he said, \"and must be managed by a kindergarten system.", "\"John Wesley PowellJohn Wesley Powell (March 24, 1834–September 23, 1902) was a U.S. soldier, geologist, explorer of the American West, and director of major scientific and cultural institutions. ", "He is famous for the 1869 Powell Geographic Expedition, a three-month river trip down the Green and Colorado rivers that included the first passage of European Americans through the Grand Canyon.", "\n\nPowell served as second director of the US Geological Survey (1881–1894) and proposed policies for development of the arid West which were prescient for his accurate evaluation of conditions. ", "He was director of the Bureau of Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution, where he supported linguistic and sociological research and publications.", "\n\nBeliefs and Ideas\n\nAs an ethnologist and early anthropologist, Powell was a student of the pioneering anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan. ", "Powell divided human societies into \"savagery,\" \"barbarism\" and \"civilization\" based on levels of technology, family and social organization, property relations, and intellectual development. ", "In his view, all societies progressed toward civilization. ", "He was a champion of preservation and conservation. ", "It was his conviction that part of the natural progression of society included a combination of efforts to maximize and make the best use of resources.", "Comment: Powell's view is probably what passed for enlightenment in his era. ", "As an Indian advocate, he thought he was helping them by lifting them into civilization.", "\n\nIt took almost another century for activists to push through a radical alternative: \"Leave us alone. ", "Stop trying to change us. ", "We'll decide what's best for us, thank you very much.\"", "\n\nLacrosse Movie To Be Released In 2011 As It Lines Up Financing And Endorsements That Include Reebok, US Lacrosse And Major League LacrosseWith increased frequency, brands have been called on to help curb production costs, share the marketing responsibilities and even tell the stories of some of the biggest studio movies of recent years, including the “Transformers” franchise, “G.I. Joe” and “Up in the Air.” ", "But for independent films, it’s a much more difficult task to attract name brands without the ability to pair them with A-list talent or a top-tier studio.", "\n\n“Crooked Arrows,” a sports film set in the world of lacrosse that goes into production this spring, will try to help change that. ", "The independent movie, produced by J. Todd Harris (“Jeepers Creepers”), Mitchell Peck (the upcoming “Priest”) and Adam Leff (“Valentino: The Last Emperor”), will be exclusively sponsored by Reebok, which will use the film to promote its 9K product line of lacrosse equipment and apparel, along with its 10K lacrosse sticks. ", "The marketer’s early involvement has helped the film’s producers secure a bulk of their financing, and also guarantees distribution for a nationwide release of at least 250 theaters in 2011.And:“Crooked Arrows” will also focus on Native-American culture, as lacrosse is rooted in the indigenous game. ", "Adding to that appeal is casting director Rene Haynes, who most recently cast the Native-American werewolves in “Twilight” films “New Moon” and “Eclipse.”", "\n\n“We want this movie to appeal to more than just athletes, but at the same time with the lacrosse players we want to make sure the action is authentic and a cultural story to go with it,” Mr. Vroom said.", "Comment: Interesting way to fund a movie. ", "Independent filmmakers need to think outside the box and try methods like getting a corporate sponsor.", "\n\nI'm not sure about the title \"Crooked Arrows.\" ", "What do arrows have to do with lacrosse?", "\n\nIs \"crooked arrow\" a nickname for a troubled Native youth? ", "As opposed to an untroubled \"straight arrow\"? ", "Will these crooked arrows gain pride and self-confidence by playing lacrosse, bonding with teammates, and winning the big game? ", "Is the pope a pedophile enabler?", "\n\nBy Steve 'Frosty' WeintraubQuestion: Aside from the accent, what were the other challenges in creating this Midwestern American woman when you’re French and the French are supposed to be very sophisticated? ", "Can you de-sophisticate yourself to play this woman?", "\n\nCotillard: I don’t think that I’m that sophisticated. ", "Maybe I’m not aware of it, I don’t know. ", "I wouldn’t say that it was a challenge, but it was so interesting. ", "I never thought that I would have to play an Indian, well half French, but an Indian woman in my life. ", "I got to discover Native American history and American history. ", "So it was more like I opened a box with a lot of treasures about a culture that is not mine, but that is so interesting. ", "I met these people from Menominee Tribe and it’s an amazing culture. ", "I met with really amazing people. ", "I was very lucky to be in a situation that I had to be one of them. ", "I had to be one of the American history which is amazing for a hundred percent French girl. ", "But I would say that the only big challenge for me was definitely the accent and that the rest of it was…it was the accent and also, I mean it was the biggest challenge to let it go and not think about it than to actually work on the accent. ", "I think that when you work you can get somewhere. ", "But all the rest was just a joy.", "Comment: For more on the subject, see (Mis)casting in Public Enemies and Dillinger's Menominee Moll.", "\n\nBy Sean MangetHe now works as the director of strategic initiatives and media for the Alaska Native Heritage Center, where he has created programs designed to help Alaska Native youth retain their cultural traditions while also learning valuable skills for their future careers. ", "He also helps create documentaries and short films for the center, all of which focus on Native American culture.", "\n\nThe funding for these programs comes thanks to a provision within the No Child Left Behind Act. ", "Though securing this funding can be a challenge, Alvarez is confident Congress will continue to see its value to Alaska Natives and the community.", "\n\nAlvarez has also acted in a number of theatrical productions, including the starring role in \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" and Che in \"Evita.\"", "\n\nHe performs as a percussionist with the Anchorage Symphony Orchestra and a slew of other musical groups, including local band Medicine Dream.", "\n\nBy Rick BrownKabotie describes his music as a hybrid style combining traditional American Indian music with modern influences.", "\n\n“The lyrics are all centered around virtues that are meaningful to me,” he said. “", "It’s done with a lot of longing for home. ", "I want to reintroduce those values to others. ", "My music is trilingual with lyrics sometimes in English, sometimes in Hopi and sometimes in Tewa.”", "\n\nKabotie, 40, a Hopi, is from the Santa Clara Pueblo in New Mexico and the Hopi village of Shungopavi.", "\n\nKabotie’s grandfather, Edward Dozier, was an anthropologist who inspired Kabotie to research and write about American Indian history. ", "Along his music, Kabotie also specializes in etch work and often collaborates with relatives who produce polished pottery. ", "In addition, Kabotie creates paintings, silver jewelry and carvings.", "Comment: For more on guitarists, see Guitarist's Southwest-Themed Album and Yaqui Classical Guitarist.", "\n\nMarch 26, 2010\n\nBy Jon NiccumRussell Means' Lakota Sioux name (Oyate Wacinyapin) translates to \"Works for the People.\"", "\n\nIt's fair to say the American Indian activist and actor has earned that designation.", "\n\n\"I've made a difference in everything I've participated in,\" Means says.", "Hmm. ", "Means isn't exactly humble, is he?Q: Has Hollywood gotten better at portraying American Indians since you first started acting?", "\n\nA: In the '70s and '80s we thought they got it. ", "They were finally treating us with respect. ", "Then they do an about-face and become as bad, if not worse, than the treatment before. ", "It's a horrible, racist, stereotypical image--racist to the point of genocidal. ", "It engenders into the entire American psyche that we are primitive, dirty idiots.", "\n\nQ: Can you give me an example of a movie you feel this way about?", "\n\nA: \"Dances with Wolves\"--even though the liberals loved it. \"", "Missing\" by that bald-headed, redhead kid (Ron Howard). \"", "Black Robe\" from Canada, which was the most vile of them all. ... ", "The TV series \"Into the West\" that won all those awards. ", "Anytime you portray Indian people in a stereotypical way, you win awards.", "I don't agree with Means that Dances with Wolves is bad. ", "It's certainly no worse than Disney's Pocahontas, which Means touts because he was in it.", "\n\nBut I do agree with Means that Native movies got better before they got worse. ", "That was a central point in Ups and Downs of Hollywood Indians.", "Q: What do you remember about working on \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\"?", "\n\nA: Man, that was perfect. ", "And when they had the audition, you should have seen the lineup. ", "Normally, I only audition for white modern roles. ", "I don't usually audition for Indian roles because I've been there, done that. ", "But I agreed to audition for that. ", "They told me I had to ad lib. ", "They had their set lines. ", "But the scene that's so famous (involving Wandering Bear's cure for Cheryl David's \"female problems\"), I ad-libbed that. ", "They all laughed so hard that they hired me on the spot.", "I didn't realize Means had appeared in Curb Your Enthusiasm.", "Q: Do you have a dream project?", "\n\nA: Yes I do. ", "I co-wrote a script called 'Wounded Knee 1973.' ", "Every time we've made the rounds in Hollywood we'd pitch the project. ", "We'd go in with all the data. ", "Understand, I'm well-respected in Hollywood because of my activism. ", "It opens doors. ", "Plus I did \"Last of the Mohicans,\" \"Natural Born Killers\" and \"Pocahontas\"--three movies that have made over $100 million. ", "That's the success benchmark. ", "Consequently, a lot of doors are open to me beyond just being an actor. ", "We'd go in and bring our statistics about the history of movies from the '50s to now that treated us with dignity. ", "And every one of them made beaucoup bucks. ", "There's no reason not to make a movie that treats us with dignity. ", "But there were no takers. ", "Now I've got a new management company that has influence, and we're making the rounds again. ", "It might actually be made 40 years after it happened.", "Hmm. ", "I don't think there's much of a market for a Wounded Knee II movie. ", "Thunderheart, Incident at Oglala, and We Shall Remain'sWounded Knee have covered the story already. ", "I doubt Means wants to present an evenhanded look at the conflict. ", "Pro-AIM propaganda is more likely. ", "And the story's not that dramatic. ", "As with the occupation of Alcatraz, the protest just sort of fizzled out after going on interminably.", "\n\nOn the other hand, he nailed the point that I've made repeatedly. ", "Hollywood studios won't make Native-themed movies even though they've earned \"beaucoup bucks.\" ", "The reason must be something other than financial--in other words, racial.", "\n\nFor those \"in the industry\" who think I'm wrong, Means has more moviemaking experience than most people. ", "And he agrees with me. ", "Therefore, I'm sticking with my theory.", "\n\nTwilight Saga's Chaske Spencer Shifts The PowerChaske Spencer, from Twilight Saga's New Moon (DVD released March 20, 2010) and the upcoming Twilight Eclipse (to be released June 30, 2010) is using his time in the spotlight to shine a light on an issue of great importance to him. ", "Having grown up on reservations, Chaske knows intimately the already difficult existence, with 85% unemployment rates, and drug and alcohol use running rampant.", "\n\nIn his words \"Given how I grew up, I should be dead or in jail right now, it is really a miracle that I am where I am and I am so grateful, I just want to give something back.\"", "\n\nOn February 1st, 2010 Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe declared a state of emergency after a severe ice storm devastated the reservation. ", "The storm toppled more than 3000 power poles and left more than 13,000 people without power, heat and water.", "\n\nIn response to these events, Chaske and the non-profit he has been working with United Global Shift, created a project called Shift the Power to The People, whose mission is to empower people to create sustainable, lasting change in their communities and countries through:\n\nBy Laura Jean GrantSeason two of Cashing In stars returning cast members like Gould, who plays John Eagle, as well as Eric Schweig as Mathew Tommy, Wesley French as Justin Tommy, Karen Holness as Liz McKendra, Sarah Podemski as Cheyenne Blueweed, and new additions to the cast like Tina Keeper as Aura Sphere, and Jennifer Baxter as Rebecca Craig. ", "Blues musician Derek Miller and comedian Don Burnstick appear this season as themselves, following the success of Chantal Kreviazuk appearing in the first season.", "\n\n“(Cashing In) revolves around a native-owned casino and the owner of the casino enterprise company and my character have a bit of history that goes 20 years before and involves a woman being stolen by one guy,” said Gould. “", "There’s a bunch of different storylines that follow different characters but the main part of the story is the guy that owns the casino ... he wants to expand the casino on to a wetland and my character deals in real estate so in order to get back at him he buys up the wetlands and he holds the lease for the land.”", "\n\nThe second season of the series was shot during the fall of 2009 in Winnipeg and rural Manitoba locations, and overall the experience has been phenomenal, according to Gould, who says the show boasts a terrific cast, producer and director.", "\n\nThe series has also allowed Gould the chance to hone more than his acting skills.", "\n\n“I got to learn how to ride horses really good. ", "I play a rancher so when I went out there the first time I really didn’t know how to ride that well but I had to become good enough so that I look like I spend all my time on horses,” he said.", "\n\nGould, who teaches in Eskasoni in addition to his acting career, has a couple of films lined up for the fall, and just completed a pilot for APTN called Escape Hatch shot in Montreal, and a short film, Filed Under Miscellaneous, by Mi’kmaq filmmaker Jeff Barnaby.", "Comment: For more on the subject, see TV Shows Featuring Indians.", "\n\nBelow: \"Glen Gould plays wealthy rancher John Eagle in the television series Cashing In.\" (", "Submitted by RoseAnna Schick)\n\nArt review: 'The Aztec Pantheon and the Art of Empire' @ Getty Villa\"The Aztec Pantheon and the Art of Empire\" is a show of modest size but outsize impact. ", "Not only is the subject unexpected and intriguing, but the loans that have been secured are phenomenal. ", "It's the most impressive show the Getty Villa has organized since reopening four years ago.", "\n\nThe first gallery introduces Spain's conquest of Mexico. ", "A second gallery charts an array of Aztec deities. ", "The third room considers imperial power. ", "In each section, a few European objects are also included.", "\n\nHere's the premise: Spain's adventure abroad coincided with the Renaissance, which elevated Europe's Greco-Roman history to a position of prominence. ", "In the European mind, circa 1520, the Aztec empire resonated with the ancient Roman empire. ", "What better place to ponder the connection than the Getty Villa, with its European antiquities housed in a Roman-style building?The confrontational aspects:Monumentality is essential to an art of empire, given the need to be imposing in the face of diverse crowds. ", "Unsurprisingly it is a trait shared by Aztec and Roman sculpture.", "\n\nThe frontality of much of this sculpture is downright confrontational. ", "The Aztec empire was an alliance of three city-states that held its coalition together for about a century, until Cortés. ", "Confrontational art works for a civilization that, like Rome's, ruled its vast territory through a mix of warring aggression and compulsory tributes.", "Comment: I may have to go see this exhibit.", "\n\nThe dark side of Native American sports mascotsAmerican Indian mascots are a popular choice for sports teams. ", "Controversy has raged, however, about whether such mascots encourage stereotypes about native Americans. ", "New research suggests that there may be a problem of another sort entirely—the use of these mascots seems to increase stereotyping of other groups. ", "The implications of the research are still not clear, but it is almost as though once your hidden brain is encouraged to use mental shortcuts such as “American Indian chief = sports warrior” it more easily comes up with other kinds of mental shortcuts that have nothing to do with American Indians. ", "Sloppy thinking begets sloppy thinking.", "\n\nBoosters point out the mascots are much loved and used respectfully. ", "Recently, however, Chu Kim-Prieto, Elizabeth A. Goldstein, Sumie Okazaki and Blake Kirschner tested how the use of a University of Illinois mascot, Chief Illiniwek, affected the tendency of volunteers to stereotype an unrelated group—Asians. ", "They randomized volunteers into groups—one read about or was shown materials depicting the athletics program and Chief Illiniwek and the other was given materials about a university arts center. ", "All the depictions about Chief Illiniwek were exactly as boosters of American Indian sports mascots described—respectful and admiring. ", "The researchers found that volunteers shown the American Indian mascot were quicker to come up with stereotypes about Asians that suggested Asians were socially inept, overly competitive, and not fun-loving.", "Comment: Not too surprising, but good to know. ", "I'd expect the stereotyping of one group to increase the stereotyping of others.", "\n\nPeople who think Indians are savages obviously hold the opposite belief: that whites are civilized. ", "That has to affect their view of other nonwhite minorities.", "\n\nBy Michelle R. Shining ElkNative writer/director/producer Georgina Lightning has been nominated for a 2010 EPIC Award in the “Emerging Artists” category by The White House Project. ", "The White House Project’s EPIC Awards honors extraordinary culture changers who have brought positive images of women’s leadership to the American public through their work in politics and media. ", "Lightning is the co-founder of Tribal Alliance Productions, and the writer and director of the highly acclaimed independent film “Older than America,” which made its IFC Film Channel–On Demand debut, March 17, 2010. ", "Lightning along with her Tribal Alliance business partner and executive director, Audrey Martinez, teamed up Christine Kunewa Walker to make “Older than America,” which has won over 19 awards, to date. ", "2010 EPIC award winners are determined via on-line voting at: http://www.thewhitehouseproject.org/epic/emerging_artist.php. ", "Voting is open to the public and closes on March 22, 2010, at 11:59 pm.", "\n\n“Older than America” is the story of a woman’s haunting visions that reveal a Catholic priest’s sinister plot to silence her mother from speaking the truth about the atrocities that occurred at a Native American Indian boarding school. ", "It is a contemporary drama about suspense, as “Older than America” delves into the lasting impact of the cultural genocide that occurred at Indian boarding schools across the United States and Canada. ", "Lightning states, the film “covers the root of the problem that caused our Native nation to be in the state that it is in today--the film exposes the reality of the murders and violence that happened in the Indian boarding school system.", "”Comment: I'd say Lightning's nomination is more significant that her victory will be. ", "Since a public vote determines the winner, it's merely a popularity contest. ", "The nomination presumably reflects her talent and vision.", "\n\nBy Simon FullerAs she prepares for the release of her new book, a local author says that aboriginal peoples have been portrayed as \"savages\" and \"less-than-human\" in 140 years of colonial settlers’ literature, theatre, cinema and the history books.", "\n\nEmma LaRocque, a University of Manitoba professor, is set to launch her latest work—When the Other Is Me: Native Resistance Discourse 1850-1990—at McNally Robinson Booksellers in Grant Park Shopping Centre on March 25 at 7:30 p.m.\n\nLaRocque, who lives in Linden Woods, believes these historical texts have created a negative contemporary perception of aboriginal Canadians.", "\n\n\"Colonial texts are offensive. ", "In fact, many of these texts constitute hate literature,\" said LaRocque, who grew up in a Cree-speaking Metis culture in northeast Alberta.", "Comment: For more on the subject, see The Best Indian Books.", "\n\nBelow: \"Emma LaRocque is pictured receiving an Aboriginal Achievement Award in the education category, awarded annually by the National Aboriginal Achievement Foundation.\"", "\n\nBy Paul KrugmanYes, a few conservative policy intellectuals, after making a show of thinking hard about the issues, claimed to be disturbed by reform’s fiscal implications (but were strangely unmoved by the clean bill of fiscal health from the Congressional Budget Office) or to want stronger action on costs (even though this reform does more to tackle health care costs than any previous legislation). ", "For the most part, however, opponents of reform didn’t even pretend to engage with the reality either of the existing health care system or of the moderate, centrist plan—very close in outline to the reform Mitt Romney introduced in Massachusetts—that Democrats were proposing.", "\n\nInstead, the emotional core of opposition to reform was blatant fear-mongering, unconstrained either by the facts or by any sense of decency.", "\n\nIt wasn’t just the death panel smear. ", "It was racial hate-mongering, like a piece in Investor’s Business Daily declaring that health reform is “affirmative action on steroids, deciding everything from who becomes a doctor to who gets treatment on the basis of skin color.” ", "It was wild claims about abortion funding. ", "It was the insistence that there is something tyrannical about giving young working Americans the assurance that health care will be available when they need it, an assurance that older Americans have enjoyed ever since Lyndon Johnson—whom Mr. Gingrich considers a failed president—pushed Medicare through over the howls of conservatives.", "\n\nAnd let’s be clear: the campaign of fear hasn’t been carried out by a radical fringe, unconnected to the Republican establishment. ", "On the contrary, that establishment has been involved and approving all the way. ", "Politicians like Sarah Palin—who was, let us remember, the G.O.P.’s vice-presidential candidate—eagerly spread the death panel lie, and supposedly reasonable, moderate politicians like Senator Chuck Grassley refused to say that it was untrue. ", "On the eve of the big vote, Republican members of Congress warned that “freedom dies a little bit today” and accused Democrats of “totalitarian tactics,” which I believe means the process known as “voting.", "”An Absence of Class\n\nBy Bob HerbertA group of lowlifes at a Tea Party rally in Columbus, Ohio, last week taunted and humiliated a man who was sitting on the ground with a sign that said he had Parkinson’s disease. ", "The disgusting behavior was captured on a widely circulated videotape. ", "One of the Tea Party protesters leaned over the man and sneered: “If you’re looking for a handout, you’re in the wrong end of town.”", "\n\nAnother threw money at the man, first one bill and then another, and said contemptuously, “I’ll pay for this guy. ", "Here you go. ", "Start a pot.”", "\n\nIn Washington on Saturday, opponents of the health care legislation spit on a black congressman and shouted racial slurs at two others, including John Lewis, one of the great heroes of the civil rights movement. ", "Barney Frank, a Massachusetts Democrat who is chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, was taunted because he is gay.", "\n\nAt some point, we have to decide as a country that we just can’t have this: We can’t allow ourselves to remain silent as foaming-at-the-mouth protesters scream the vilest of epithets at members of Congress—epithets that The Times will not allow me to repeat here.", "\n\nIt is 2010, which means it is way past time for decent Americans to rise up against this kind of garbage, to fight it aggressively wherever it appears. ", "And it is time for every American of good will to hold the Republican Party accountable for its role in tolerating, shielding and encouraging foul, mean-spirited and bigoted behavior in its ranks and among its strongest supporters.", "\n\nFor decades the G.O.P. has been the party of fear, ignorance and divisiveness. ", "All you have to do is look around to see what it has done to the country. ", "The greatest economic inequality since the Gilded Age was followed by a near-total collapse of the overall economy. ", "As a country, we have a monumental mess on our hands and still the Republicans have nothing to offer in the way of a remedy except more tax cuts for the rich.", "\n\nThis is the party of trickle down and weapons of mass destruction, the party of birthers and death-panel lunatics. ", "This is the party that genuflects at the altar of right-wing talk radio, with its insane, nauseating, nonstop commitment to hatred and bigotry.", "And:The G.O.P. poisons the political atmosphere and then has the gall to complain about an absence of bipartisanship.", "\n\nThe toxic clouds that are the inevitable result of the fear and the bitter conflicts so relentlessly stoked by the Republican Party—think blacks against whites, gays versus straights, and a whole range of folks against immigrants—tend to obscure the tremendous damage that the party’s policies have inflicted on the country. ", "If people are arguing over immigrants or abortion or whether gays should be allowed to marry, they’re not calling the G.O.P. to account for (to take just one example) the horribly destructive policy of cutting taxes while the nation was fighting two wars.", "\n\nIf you’re all fired up about Republican-inspired tales of Democrats planning to send grandma to some death chamber, you’ll never get to the G.O.P.’s war against the right of ordinary workers to organize and negotiate in their own best interests—a war that has diminished living standards for working people for decades.", "Vandals Attack Dem Offices Nationwide\n\nWhen Right-Wing Extremism Moves MainstreamPotok points to race as one of the reasons \"anti-immigrant vigilante groups [have] soared by nearly 80 percent\" in the past year. ", "He also notes a \"dramatic resurgence in the Patriot movement and its paramilitary wing\" in the past year—jumping 244 percent in 2009. ", "Potok says that these groups' messages are increasingly moving into the mainstream.", "\n\n\"I think it's very clear that you see ideas coming out of all kinds of sectors of the radical right, from the immigrant radical right, from the so-called Patriot groups, the militias and so on—and you see it spreading right across the landscape at some of these Tea Party events,\" he says. \"", "I think it's worth saying that much of this is aided and abetted by ostensibly mainstream politicians and media members.\"", "\n\nPart of the issue, Potok says, is not what politicians say—but what they leave unsaid.", "\n\n\"I think a lot of these ideas start on the radical right, but they are also being flogged endlessly by Republican officials,\" he says. \"", "Even those who are sort of considered [to be] responsible Republicans have completely abstained from any kind of criticism of this talk. ", "So even way back when, when Sarah Palin was talking about Obama setting up death panels and so on—what we heard was a deafening silence from the mainstream of the Republican Party.\"", "\n\nA new poll from Harris interactive finds that 40 percent of American adults think that Obama is a socialist; 25 percent believe that Obama was not born in the United States and is therefore not eligible to be president; 20 percent say Obama is doing many of the things that Hitler did; 14 percent say Obama \"may be the Antichrist.\"", "\n\n\"I hear a very scary situation developing,\" says Potok. \"", "The idea that people really have swallowed these stories in such enormous numbers is something remarkable. ", "I covered, as a reporter, the militia movement in the 1990s, which really produced an extraordinary amount of criminal violence. ", "And even back then, you did not hear this kind of talk so broadly spread through this society.", "\"The Undying Shame\n\nBy Josh MarshallThankfully, no one has been injured or killed. ", "But this didn't come from nowhere and it can't be pawned off on a few cranks. ", "Everything that's happened over the last five days has grown from a pattern of incitement going back almost a year--wildly hyperbolic statements, coded appeals to menacing behavior, flippant jokes about bringing firearms to political events and all the rest. ", "Now Eric Cantor (R-VA) is going on the attack, claiming that who's really to blame here is the Democrats for making a big deal about these acts of violence against them.", "\n\nNo one who is even remotely honest can pretend that anything about this is bipartisan in character. ", "The Right and yes the national Republican party has been stirring this pot for months. ", "We all see this. ", "Cantor's behavior is shameful beyond imagining. ", "It's time for a truth moment for the national Republican party. ", "Incitement matters. ", "They have to take responsibility for what they've done: which is nothing less than a campaign of incitement for which they're now unwilling to take any responsibility.", "Is this the Birth of a Nation?", "\n\nBy Melissa Harris-LacewellThe Tea Party is a challenge to the legitimacy of the U.S. state. ", "When Tea Party participants charge the current administration with various forms of totalitarianism, they are arguing that this government has no right to levy taxes or make policy. ", "Many GOP elected officials offered nearly secessionist rhetoric from the floor of Congress this weekend. ", "They joined as co-conspirators with the Tea Party protesters by arguing that this government has no monopoly on legitimacy.", "\n\nI appreciate the parallels to the civil rights movement drawn by the MSNBC crowd, but they are inadequate. ", "When protesters spit on and scream at duly elected representatives of the United States government it is more than act of racism. ", "It is an act of sedition.", "And:As I watch the rising tide of racial anxiety and secessionist sentiment I am not so much reminded of the Bloody Sunday protests as I am reminded of D.W. Griffith's Birth of Nation. ", "This 1915 film depicts the racist imagination currently at work in our nation as a black president first appoints a Latina Supreme Court Justice and then works with a woman Speaker of the House to pass sweeping national legislation. ", "This bigotry assumes no such government could possibly be legitimate and therefore frames resistance against this government as a patriotic responsibility.", "\n\nThere are historic lessons to be learned. ", "But they are the lessons of the 19th century not the 20th. ", "We must now guard against the end of our new Reconstruction and the descent of a vicious new Jim Crow terrorism.", "Comment: These are the same people who will scream insults and invective when Indians criticize their beloved mascots, Halloween costumes, and Thanksgiving pageants. ", "Their thinking is the same in both cases. \"", "They're trying to take away my history and heritage. ", "White Anglo-Saxon Protestants were meant to rule the world because the Bible says so. ", "I'll do anything to keep them--women, minorities, gays, immigrants--from stealing my power and privilege.\"", "\n\nBelow: Video of the teabaggers' verbal assault on the Parkinson's patient. ", "Although he isn't a minority, he is disadvantaged, which is the same idea.", "\n\nThe final words of this video make it crystal-clear what the teabaggers are thinking. ", "Not \"this bill is the wrong way to improve our healthcare system\" or \"higher taxes are a drag on our economy.\" \"", "No more handouts!!\" (", "to poor, lazy, dark-skinned, not-quite-real Americans) could be the Tea Party's slogan." ]

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[ "ASFA NEWS🗞️\n\nFROSHBITE 2019\n\nMissing the warm summer vibes of Frosh or Quadfest? ", "We present to you Froshbite, the Winter edition of these events! ", "Expect a variety of classic winter activities all brought to you on the Loyola Quad on Thursday, January 24th from 12-4pm.", "\n\nA perfect way to kill time during a break between classes or to get involved in some fun winter activities with your friends, or new friends that you will make here!", "\n\nTHE ASFA HARASSMENT, DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLENCE POLICY HAS BEEN OFFICIALLY APPROVED!", "\n\nWe want to make ASFA a safe and secure place to all. ", "To ensure that this is the case, ASFA has implemented the Policy against Discrimination, Harassment and Violence.", "\n\nClick here to view the policy or to find out how to lodge a complaint.", "\n\nASFA Presents the House of Horrors, at Le Cinq!", "\n\nOur all-inclusive Halloween Party starting at $30! ", "Let's get spooky on October 28th!", "\n\nOUR DEALS APP IS OUT!", "\n\nASFA Deals is the official app for the Arts & Science Federation part of the Concordia University in Montreal. ", "ASFA Deals allows you to save up to 75% on your meals to restaurants around the campus.", "\n\nHow does it work?", "\n\nThe app allows restaurants to fill up their empty seats on their downtimes and to liquidate food at the end of their days to reduce food waste.", "\n\nASFA Concordia\n\nThe Arts and Science Federation of Associations is the largest faculty association, representing over 21,000 undergraduate Arts and Science students. ", "ASFA is composed of an executive of seven members, as well as 32 member associations representing each department in the Arts and Science faculty. ", "Every year, ASFA hosts various events, ranging from social to academic activities to events promoting sustainability and much more. ", "Another one of our main goals is to remain as financially transparent as possible and follow the policies of Concordia. ", "There is more to university than just attending classes and ASFA is there to ensure that the students of the Arts and Science faculty experience all aspects of Concordia.", "\n\nThe Arts and Science Federation of Associations would like to acknowledge that Concordia University is located on unceded Indigenous lands. ", "The Kanien’kehá:ka(Ga-niyen-gé-haa-ga) Nation is recognized as the custodians of the lands and waters on which we gather today. ", "Tiohtiá:ke(jo-jya-gé)/Montreal is historically known as a gathering place for many First Nations. ", "Today, it is home to a diverse population of Indigenous and other peoples. ", "We respect the continued connections with the past, present, and future in our ongoing relationships with Indigenous and other peoples within the Montreal community." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nregex: To not allow user enter repetitive number formed using 0 and 9\n\nI want to create regex that can prevent entry of numbers 0000 0000 or 99999 99999 formed using 0 and 9, space can appear anywhere in the formed numbers. ", "\nI have tried my hands on this and it is working 80% accurately. ", "Though it also allows number formed using the combination of 0 and 9 eg. ", "0000 9999 \nFor this issue I need guidance to prevent this combined input of 0 and 9. ", "\nUpdate:\nI am trying to prevent standalone numbers created using either a 0 or 9 in other words 999999999 9999 9999 9999999 9 9 9999999 and 000000000 0000 0000 0000000 0 0 0000000 are unacceptable input. ", "\nHowever, 909090909 009 00990 000 99999 999900000 123456879 555228899 etc. ", "are acceptable input.", "\nThanks \n\nA:\n\nYou could use a regex which had negative lookaheads for a string that was comprised of all zeros and spaces or all nines and spaces, and then match on a string of digits and spaces i.e.\n^(?![0 ]+$)(?![", "9 ]+$)([\\d ]+)$\n\nDemo on regex101\nIf you want to enforce that there can only be one space in the number, add a positive lookahead for that:\n^(?![0 ]+$)(?![", "9 ]+$)(?", "=[^ ]* ?[", "^ ]*$)([\\d ]+)$\n\nDemo on regex101\n\n" ]

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[ "Our Work\n\nOur Work\n\nOur ministry is a non-profit Christian organization dedicated to leading lost souls to Jesus Christ, fellowshipping with others in their walk with Jesus, and we are developing plans for a Christian rehabilitation center along with affordable housing.", "\n\nOutreach Ministry\n\nTHAILAND OUTREACH MINISTRY (TOM), is a Christian organization of love and refuge. ", "Our Christian volunteers infuse leadership with humility and love. ", "We have been there, we are sinners, and we can identify with other sinners. ", "We listen and are not judgmental, yearning only to show the love of Jesus that we have received so undeservingly.", "\n\nChristian Centers\n\nOur Christian centers will be locations where someone can receive food, shelter, council, prayer, and most of all, love. ", "We will teach basic bible skills and principles that will help someone build a relationship with Jesus who in turn will help them rebuild their lives. ", "We can attest that through the power of Jesus, someone can be saved in an instant.", "\n\nSpread The Word of Jesus\n\nWe want to help someone break down the walls in their lives that are preventing Jesus from coming in and working His Will. ", "This ministry places a special focus on the varying process time that it takes for the initial development of each individual Christian to gain the faith, hope, and love from Jesus to strengthen their life’s journey. ", "We are also interested in creating as many disciples as possible to spread the love of Jesus." ]

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[ "Toongabbie, Victoria\n\nToongabbie is a small country town located in southeastern Victoria Australia, from Melbourne and just north of Traralgon. ", "The railway station was closed in 1986 and the former railway line has now been incorporated into the Gippsland Plains Rail Trail. ", " At the , Toongabbie had a population of 500.", "\n\nThe main attraction in Toongabbie is the Ned Stringer Memorial located on Hower Street.", "\nToongabbie Primary School opened in 1856 and the school is still open to date.", "\nThe hotel in Toongabbie known as the club hotel closed down in 1913.", "\n\nToongabbie Post Office opened on 1 December 1865.", "\nToongabbie had an Aussie Rules club which quit in 1999.", "\n\nHistory \nToongabbie was an important town that acted as a supply depot en route to the Walhalla Goldfields. ", "Initially, goods were transported between Toongabbie and Walhalla by horse and as Walhalla boomed, Toongabbie’s carrying industry boomed as well. ", " With the advent of railways in the 1870s and 1880s transportation of goods into Toongabbie was mostly via train and then local carriers to Walhalla. ", "Walhalla then decided that a railway direct to Walhalla was needed and it was decided that Moe would be the starting point. ", "This was bad news for Toongabbie which over the coming years saw many local carriers selling their horses and the town returned to farming. ", " Toongabbie did try to find alternative income sources in oil, marble and gold but these were not successful long term.", "\n\nNed Stringer \nThere is a memorial for Ned Stringer on the corner of Hower and O’Meara St Toongabbie. ", "Ned Stringer discovered gold in 1862 in a creek which was later named Stringers Creek. ", " This was an important gold discovery that started the gold rush at Walhalla.", "\n\nToongabbie today \nToongabbie is approximately 2 hours east of Melbourne, nestled in the foothills of the Great Divide. ", "The current population of Toongabbie is estimated at 1100. ", "Toongabbie crosses over two shires - Latrobe City and Wellington Shire. ", "\nToday, Toongabbie is a quiet town close to several business districts. ", "Toongabbie has a Primary School and easy access to kindergartens, public and private schooling, in surrounding towns. ", " There are numerous tourist attractions within and surrounding the Toongabbie township. ", " Toongabbie is a peaceful town with many community and sporting groups, a wetlands, affordable properties, V/line bus and train connections from township and is one of the towns on the Gippsland Plains Rail Trail.", "\n\nPlaces of worship \n\nSt David’s Church is located on Victoria St and was constructed in 1884. ", "The church has been lovingly restored and still holds weekly Sunday services. ", "St Davids Church is popular with weddings due to its quaintness and size.", "\n\nSporting and recreation \nSports and recreation in Toongabbie include; Toongabbie wetlands, Gippsland Plains Rail Trail, tennis club, Toongabbie Golf Course, Cricket Club, Badminton, Carpet Bowls, Toongabbie & District Pony Club, Toongabbie & District Horse Riders Club Inc and Aerobics & Weights training. ", "\nCommunity\nToongabbie boasts a strong community focus with groups including the Wellington/Latrobe Lions Club, Country Women’s Association (CWA), Toongabbie Playgroup and singing group \"Slightly Out of Toon\". ", "\nHalls and venues include the restored Toongabbie Mechanics Institute & Free Library, Toongabbie Recreation Hall and meeting room, golf club social rooms and cricket social rooms.", "\n\nSchooling \nToongabbie Primary School (TPS) is located on Victoria Street.", "\n\nReferences\n\nHarding, A and Ries, R (2003)Toongabbie, Gippsland A Gateway to the Walhalla Goldfields\n\nExternal links\n\ntoongabbie.vic.au\n\nCategory:Towns in Victoria (Australia)\nCategory:Gippsland" ]

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[ "Thursday, November 4, 2010\n\n\"The beauty of the practice is that, inside of the structure of it, there is still room for interpretation.", "\"(David Robson,Co-Owner and Director of Ashtanga Yoga Centre of Toronto)\n\n(David Robson, photo by Cylla von Tiedemann)\n\nT o be honest, it makes little sense to hear David Robson, co-owner and director of the Ashtanga Yoga Centre of Toronto, talk about struggling with focus. ", "He wakes up at 3am each morning in order to do a few hours of asana practice before he heads out for his teaching day which begins at 6am. ", "But then, it's often the people who have a measure of focus that know how disconcerting it is to work without it.", "\n\nAfter completing a degree in Comparative Religion, David Robson made his first trip to Mysore in 2002, where he initiated studies with his teacher Sharath Rangaswamy. ", "Since then he has returned annually to deepen and enrich his practice and teaching. ", "In 2008 David was Authorized to teach Ashtanga by the Sri K. Pattabhi Jois Ashtanga Yoga Institute of Mysore, India.", "\n\nI first saw David Robson speak at Yoga Festival Toronto, in a workshop he provocatively titled, Dogma and Discipline. ", "In our hour-and-a-half workshop, David put about thirty practitioners through their paces, slowly and deliberately teaching a sun salutation, followed by standing poses from Ashtanga's first series. ", "Words like regulation, prescription, numerical breathing, dharana, and drsti filled the air; sibilant, measured and consistent as the clock's tick on the back wall of the studio. ", "Each pose was meticulously explained, adjustments were made, we were instructed to find stillness in each pose, and to submit to the discipline that each posture promises. ", "Furthermore, each student was clear by the end of the class that there were to be no extraneous gestures; no cycling of feet in downward dog, no flicking back of hair strands, and no readustments of spandex, in the repetition of this traditional sequence.", "\n\nBut, as is obvious in our interview, you would be making a mistake if you assumed David Robson was a dogmatic personality, or a rigid teacher that measures out generic prescriptions from the topsoil of his yogic life. ", "Instead, David's approach is the result of years of mining his own search for realization. ", "As David says, \"the body is your laboratory\"; and, he's taken a look at the substrata of his own makeup, and its fairshare of competing and contradictory inclinations.", "\n\nIn our interview, we have the privilege of observing David's map of complex choices, as he searched for something, \"a spiritual high\", he couldn't quite name. ", "From his first self-taught encounter with yoga from a nameless book of poses, to playing in an improv post-rock band with Peaches, to travelling the world seeking out his version of Maslow-inspired \"peak experiences\", and teaching Bikram Yoga, Robson's early experiences with yoga are energetic and restless. ", "Not until he met Sri K. Pattabhi Jois and his grandson, Sharath Rangaswamy, did Robson feel he had found a powerful diagram for transformation: Mysore-style Ashtanga yoga.", "\n\n(David Robson at Yoga Festival Toronto, 2010)\n\n\"I was pretty irreverent in my approach to yoga initially. ", "But, you know in some ways, the seriousness with which you approach it, seems to be proportionate with the change that it can effect\".", "\n\n(David Robson, Co-owner and Director of the Ashtanga Yoga Centre of Toronto)\n\n~\n\nDogma and Discipine, Interview with David Robson of Ashtanga Yoga Centre of Toronto:\n\nPriya Thomas: Hi, is that David?", "\n\nDavid Robson: Hi Priya, how are you?", "\n\nPriya: good thanks, thank you for doing this...So when did you start practicing yoga?", "\n\nDavid Robson: I started doing asana classes about twelve years ago. ", "I started with Sivananda style. ", "A friend of mine knew I liked yoga; I had been doing it out of books and things like that..but very infrequently. ", "And so she brought me to a class. ", "And I had no idea actually that were yoga classes.", "\n\nPriya: Really??", "\n\nDavid: Yeah (laughing)\n\nPriya: So where did you find books from?", "\n\nDavid: You know I can't even remember the books that I had. ", "I had books with different pranayamas, and things like that; and simple asanas. ", "But I didn't know that people were in rooms doing it together! ", "I thought it was just something you always did alone.", "\n\nPriya: oh wow.", "\n\nDavid: Yeah I had no idea. ", "I guess I was just out of it! (", "laughing). ", "So anyway, this friend brought me to a Sivananda class in Toronto; the one at Spadina and Harbord. ", "And I was amazed that all these people were in a room together doing it! ", "And there was a teacher walking around; and it was so relaxing. ", "I immediately fell in love. ", "And at the time, I had just come back from a long trip away, and I had just started studying religion and U of T. So the week after that, I went back twice; and then before I knew it, almost right away, I was going every day.", "\n\nPriya: Ok and what kind of religion were you studying? ", "Were you studying Comparative Religion or was it Theology?", "\n\nDavid: It was Comparative Religion, with an emphasis on the psychology of religion.", "\n\nPriya: So can I ask why you gravitated to studying religion in the first place and how old you were at the time?", "\n\nDavid: I was about 26 or 27. ", "And before that I had been doing all sorts of things; I had been playing music, and travelling a lot, and chasing my idea of God, or whatever peak experiences, or direct experience, through all these different ways. ", "And none of them had really been sustainable; none of my experiences had ever really been able to last. ", "I wasn't very organized in the way I was living you know.", "\n\nPriya: Sorry to interrupt you here, but when you say \"peak experiences\", are you referring to Abraham Maslow's idea of peak experiences?", "\n\nDavid: Yeah.", "\n\nPriya: Ok sure. ", "So go on...\n\nDavid: So travelling is a good way to have those experiences; and that's why I'd been doing little experiments with yoga....trying to get \"up\", you know? ", "But it was getting harder and harder to maintain it. ", "The \"ups\" were also matched by \"plunges\" (laughs) as well. ", "So, I'd been looking for more structure. ", "And I was literally on top of a mountain in South America, when I decided I'd go study religion! (", "laughing)\n\nPriya: Wow...\n\nDavid: I thought maybe I needed more structure. ", "I want to learn about this stuff, but the way that I'm trying to learn about it...well, I felt like was floundering on my own. ", "So then I immediately came back to Canada, and enrolled at University of Toronto, and started studying.", "\n\n(David Robson in Mysore, India)\n\nPriya: What kind of music were you involved in?", "\n\nDavid: I played music in different bands; it was kind of improv-based, alternative stuff in Toronto. ", "I used to play with, you know, Peaches? (", "laughs)\n\nPriya: Yeah, I do know Peaches!", "\n\nDavid: Yeah, yeah.", "\n\nPriya: Well that's interesting...\n\nDavid: (laughing)\n\nPriya: Alright, so you were looking for structure, and you found Sivananda, so from there, how did you come into contact with Ashtanga yoga?", "\n\nDavid: So I was doing Sivananda for a while - I did it for a year, every day. ", "Maybe it was even longer. ", "And I started seeing my girlfriend, who is now my wife, and she wanted to do yoga too, but she didn't want to go where I was going. ", "And so she started doing Bikram yoga. ", "And I lived near there, so I wanted to try Bikram Yoga. ", "And I really liked it because it was the opposite of Sivananda..\n\nPriya: Right..\n\nDavid: Bikram was different in that there were bright lights in the studio; and there was a mirror which I thought was funny...but I started doing that instead, and I ended up teaching really quickly. ", "And then while I was doing that, I started experimenting with other classes, as well as reading about yoga more. ", "And so I started doing Ashtanga, initially out of the David Swensen book, The Ashtanga Yoga Manual. ", "And I just liked the flow of it, and the challenge of it. ", "Initially it was the asana and the fact that it seemed to be tied into something, (I didn't know what back then), but there seemed at least to be some humility and tradition...\n\nPriya: And you were searching for that?", "\n\nDavid: Well, I didn't realize that..I mean I was pretty irreverent in my approach to yoga initially. ", "But you know in some ways, the seriousness with which you approach it, seems to be proportionate with the change that it can effect. ", "So it seemed like the serious practices were, for me, ashtanga practices.", "\n\nSo, I was practicing at that Bikram studio in the morning; and then I was doing drop-in classes during the day; and then I went to see Guruji in Montreal in 2002. ", "And, Sharath, his grandson, was there with him...\n\nPriya: Do you want to expand on who your Guruji was?", "\n\n(Sri K. Pattabhi Jois)\n\nDavid: Guruji is Sri K Pattabhi Jois. ", "He was the man that made \"Ashtanga\" yoga huge; and he just recently passed away. ", "He lived to be 94, I think and he lived in Mysore, India. ", "And he started in the 1970's I think, he left India and went to the States...went to California, and that really initiated the growth of Ashtanga in America...and then from that, it spread everywhere. ", "And so, every year, he would go on these little tours, and that's where I saw him. ", "And I met Sharath too, at that time, his grandson, who is my teacher.", "\nAnd almost immediately after that, I went to India to study with Sharath.", "\n\nPriya: And is that because you felt a connection there; or because you were just compelled to go?", "\n\nDavid: Both. ", "I felt the connection; and it was exactly what I had been searching for. ", "When I pictured yoga, when I was reading all those books, and I imagined the way it was transmitted, Mysore style made sense to me. ", "When I found that one-on-one teaching in Ashtanga, that seemed to be how it should be to me. ", "It made sense to me that, in these kinds of traditions, when you go see anyone to learn something, they tell you specifically what you need to do. ", "Whether that's in the martial arts, or dance...yoga...\n\nPriya: That's interesting.", "\n\n(Sharath Rangaswamy - left, Sri K. Pattabhi Jois - right)\n\nDavid: And so it seemed like it was an authentic sort of teaching. ", "I could actually learn something. ", "I felt it...I really felt that.", "\n\nPriya: Now this is not on my list of questions but I'm just curious...Would you have described yourself as a person that was very easily stimulated? ", "Were you hyper? ", "Is that why you were looking for something to calm you down a bit? ", "I'm trying to get a sense of the personality that was searching...\n\nDavid: Well, I think it was the opposite. (", "laughing) I mean, I was scattered. ", "I wouldn't say hyper. ", "Maybe I was malleable or mutable. ", "That's a nicer way of describing it. ", "Know what I mean?", "\n\nPriya: I think so...\n\nDavid: I mean, easily influenced. ", "And that was really just depending on what was around me; not necessarily on what was healthy or unhealthy...but I was just mutable to what was in my immediate vicinity.", "\n\nPriya: So you went to India. ", "What was the process of receiving Mysore style training like?", "\n\nDavid: When I got to Mysore, I went to see Sharath and immediately started practicing. ", "And it was really simple. ", "It's just showing up very early in the morning, and going through the sequence of poses that he's given. ", "And, just doing that, again and again and again, day by day, by day. ", "At that point, because there weren't that many people there, I had a lot of contact with him. ", "It was very easy to have conversations with him, and get other teaching informally. ", "But mainly, it was just the transmission of the tradition through the practice, through doing the asana practice. ", "I studied with Sharath for 4 months that first time; and I stayed in total of 6 months.", "\n\nDiscipline of freedom is the tool that we use to break into new places. ", "So it obviously sounds counter-intuitive, but you have to be incredibly focused and careful to get into this wide-open, new place... (David Robson)\n\nPriya: Was that your first time going to India?", "\n\nDavid: Yeah it was.", "\n\nPriya: So was that a completely new experience?", "\n\nDavid: Yeah it was. ", "But I'd been travelling a lot before I had gone. ", "But it was still mindblowing. ", "I started in the South actually... in Kerala.", "\n\nPriya: And were you doing Ashtanga in Kerala? ", "Did you mean you were travelling in Kerala or studying yoga in Kerala?", "\n\nDavid: Both. ", "I was travelling and I was practicing. ", "I went there to study with Lino Miele; he's an ashtanga teacher from Italy, and he teaches in Kovalam, Kerala. ", "So I went to Kovalam first and studied with him for six weeks, and then went up to Mysore. ", "When I got back to Canada after those months, I started teaching Bikram again. ", "At that time, I was also teaching a little bit of Ashtanga, but not traditionally. ", "At that time, there wasn't really a forum for teaching Ashtanga traditionally. ", "And I hadn't been blessed to teach, or authorized to teach....So I didn't feel like I was supposed to transmit the tradition. ", "But then the Bikram didn't really work out because I wasn't really practicing it; so I ended up not doing that for very long. ", "And then I dedicated myself to teaching a sort of variant of Ashtanga, that was like a vinyasa class. ", "And then, for the next four years, I kept going back to India and studying with Sharath for shorter periods of time; like a month at a time. ", "And then I would come back to Canada and keep teaching that sort of version of Ashtanga that was looser like a vinyasa. ", "The fifth time I went, I started to understand finally, (laughing) that this Ashtanga style was actually very particular.", "\n\nPriya: That's interesting...\n\n(The Shala at KPJAYI, Mysore, India. )", "\n\nDavid: You know I understood that, but I didn't really understand that, do you know what I mean? ", "At that point, I finally got that all its powers were coming from those particulars. ", "The power of it was in the fact that it was so SET. ", "And that adhering to the specificity of it was really important. ", "As soon as I understood that, I thought \"OH!\" (", "laughing). ", "I mean, I'm really slow right? ", "It took me that long (laughing)...five years to figure that out!", "\nBut then, as soon as I figured that out, everything changed.", "\nMy practice changed, I knew I had to do it \"exactly like this\", and I knew I had to do it every day, and I finally started to use all the rules Sharath had been giving me all this time. ", "And, I also realized, if I'm going to teach it, I'm going to have to teach it exactly as prescribed.", "\n\nPriya: And did that change you personally as well? ", "Do you know why you changed at that point; was it just the right time?", "\n\nDavid: Yeah I think it was the right time; and I think it crystallized. ", "I wouldn't say it was a culmination because I'm still learning and changing now; but I'd certainly say it was a key point, a key moment in transformation. ", "Because it was a key point in understanding the process, and also a key moment in my ability to teach. ", "Like suddenly I understood that it didn't make sense to teach something that I wasn't doing; and that it only made sense to teach what I knew worked.", "\nAnd that my experience had been that this works. ", "So, until that point, I had been teaching loose, vinyasa, a blend of a whole lot of things together, without any real grounding; and there wasn't really a point. ", "Which is fine, you know...But when I finally discovered what the point of the technique was, then it only made sense to pass that on.", "\n\nPriya: And did that coincide with an improvement in your physical asana practice? ", "Did you notice any other observable changes?", "\n\nDavid: You know, I did notice actually, - and I don't know if it was any big improvement or anything - but I noticed that I stopped doing what I was good at. ", "Because in doing a set sequence, it meant that I had to do the things I wasn't good at as well.", "\n\nPriya: So would you say that you had fewer preferences?", "\n\nDavid: Yeah that's right; not allowed. ", "And, the things I had been told maybe weren't available to me because of body-type constraints many years before, well those things started to change and become available to me physically.", "\n\nPriya: Well, that's very interesting.", "\n\nDavid: Yeah, yeah. ", "For me that was really interesting because it kind of sealed the deal. ", "I thought \"Wow, this actually works.\" ", "Yoga for me, before that, was just about getting better at what you were good at, in an asana sense... You got healthier in a way that you were already healthy. ", "But for me, this seemed to allow me to face up to the things that I wasn't good at; or, the ways in which I wasn't balanced, and then it also brought me closer to balancing. ", "Some of those things changed.", "So, that happened in the asana work; but it also happened in the other areas of my practice. ", "You know, just in terms of steadiness. ", "You know, I understood that if it's up to me when I want to practice, and I'm only going to practice when I feel good, then that's not going to be all the time. ", "Whereas, if I'm practicing regardless, then that ends up being a much more balanced situation. ", "And in some ways, you mine the best stuff when you don't really feel like practicing. ", "The most interesting things to watch happen then...\n\nPriya: I guess since we're talking about preferences, and not having so many of them, it's probably a good time to launch into the discussion about dogma and discipline. ", "You titled your workshop at Yoga Festival Toronto, \"Dogma and Discipline\", and then you acknowledged the words would scare people off! ", "So, I'm curious about what your relationship with those words was before you approached Ashtanga, and then how it would have changed after Ashtanga.", "\n\nDavid: That's interesting...Well, one thing that always comes up, my father before he married my mother, was a priest. (", "laughs). ", "But I wasn't raised Catholic.", "\n\nPriya: So he was a Catholic priest.", "\n\nDavid: Yeah, he was a Catholic priest. ", "And he left the priesthood, and then he met my mom. ", "But even though I wasn't raised Catholic, the fact is that the word dogma, in the Catholic sense, just means rules, really. ", "But there's another connotation that dogma can be belief without evidence. ", "So those are two distinct interpretations, or definitions of the word. ", "So I think I was using the word in both senses, because there are so many rules to any tradition. ", "That's what a tradition is. ", "And so much of it can seem like dogma, because it doesn't immediately connect to anything. ", "It seems as if you do things for tradition's sake. ", "But then there's something to that, I think, still...\nThere's power in that because you decide that you're going to honour it, regardless of whether or not you completely understand it initially. ", "And then, maybe over time, understanding comes. ", "So that's been my experience.", "\n\nPriya: And then you overlap with faith then, I would think..\n\nDavid: Yup. ", "that's right, sraddha, or the faith that you need to bring to any spiritual practice; but in yoga, that's what carries you through. ", "You keep practicing even when you doubt. ", "I mean, if you didn't doubt, that would be odd.", "\n\nPriya: What's the result of dogma, right now, in terms of how it's impacted your practice?", "\n\nDavid: Well, I'm really happy with my practice. ", "I mean, I'm really happy with the tradition as I've been taught it. ", "And it carries me in a big way. ", "To me, anything that comes up, any question, any doubt, even any injury is part of my process. ", "I practice and I watch everything unfold again. ", "But mostly when I think of dogma, the place it shows up most is in teaching now. ", "In the last few years, I feel we've really built up traditional ashtanga in Toronto, and so I've had this conversation just so many times, convincing people of what the value of \"dogma\" or rules is in a practice. ", "Because, initially, it can be difficult to understand why if you don't feel like practicing you still need to practice. ", "As in, if this is hard, why would I do it? ", "And by hard, I don't mean challenging, I mean the kind of tired where \"I'm really tired because I only got three hours of sleep, why would I get up to do this?\"", "\nOr \"I've got other commitments that are taking me away from this; why would I make this a priority?\"", "\n\nPriya: Do you think it's human nature to reject discipline if it's interfering with simpler choices? ", "And this leads into my next question, which has to do with something Shyam Ranganathan, translator of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras mentioned in his talk at the festival. ", "That is that changing your life means making decisions that are a radical break from what you have known. ", "Otherwise, you can't move into a new place. ", "Given this, if someone wants to transform through yoga, it's arguable that the only way you could do that is if you do adopt a practice that is a departure. ", "Would you agree with that?", "\n\nDavid: Right, and then adhere to it even when you think you really can't; or when everything around you might tell you not to bother. ", "So I think a lot of the time people think freedom is letting go. ", "But with yoga, the freedom you learn is something different; I think it's a discipline. ", "Discipline of freedom is the tool that we use to break into new places. ", "So it obviously sounds counter-intuitive, but you have to be incredibly focused and careful to get into this wide-open, new place, that can be liberating.", "\n\nPriya: Now are there ways in which you try and help students who don't understand the necessity for discipline? ", "As a teacher, you must encounter that a lot right as resistance to discipline and, since the style you teach is so specific, are there ways that you can introduce this so that it's less daunting?", "\n\nDavid: That's the beauty of the Mysore style I think, is that you can deal with each person individually. ", "So for different people, it's going to be a different combination that unlocks them. ", "Some people you can cajole, others are hungry for the discipline. ", "Ultimately, I can do whatever I can to make it accessible, but it's never going to be easy. ", "In fact, it's the opposite. ", "So all I try to do is create a really authentic, one-to-one relationship with each student, and pass on whatever's working for me.", "And, there's also the power of having many people in a room doing it together. ", "It would be much harder for me to convince people if it was just one person in an empty room. ", "But people can see that it's working for others.", "\n\nPriya: Right, you have strength in numbers... So, what does being faithful to the specific tradition or lineage you studied in bring to your life personally? ", "Do you think the transformation you had would have happened in a different lineage?", "\n\nDavid: Well, I don't think the efficacy of ashtanga takes away from the efficacy of the other traditions. ", "It's a path that works; but it's certainly not the only path. ", "I know what ashtanga has done for me; but I don't know that another path wouldn't have done the same. ", "But, for me, it's originating in the body, and being so body-oriented, that gave me a good place to focus. ", "It also drew me in because the body is tangible, it's real, and for me - as i said - i was kind of profane about it. ", "Looking back on it now, I wanted these \"peak experiences\", without understanding what that meant.", "\nBut ultimately, I think it's made me be able to take on responsibility, and to be an honorable person, as in, to live up to my dharma. ", "To try to figure out what my dharma is, figure out what my duties are, and then honour them and live them as best as I can...I mean, maybe everybody is doing that anyway; but I wasn't doing that before..\n\nPriya: I don't know whether people are tied-in to the idea of dharma, in the day-to-day living of it all...\n\nDavid: I think some people definitely are, outside of yoga, aware of that...although they are maybe not consciously thinking of it as \"dharma\". ", "But that's what ashtanga did for me. ", "It gave me a structure to work inside of. ", "And inside of our discipline even, like things like family and relationships and honesty, those are all things that are really encouraged and endorsed. ", "You can't do this practice properly unless you commit to honest relationships. ", "And we're supposed to get married, and have babies and immerse ourselves in family and serving others. ", "And even though these were all things I was doing before, I wasn't doing them well because I wasn't doing them consciously.", "\n\nPriya: Well you just had a baby. ", "Are you hoping your child will follow your lead and do yoga? ", "And if they choose not to lead the same lifestyle, what then? ", "Do you have ideas?", "\n\nDavid: Well I have two children. ", "I have a daughter who is twenty, and she lives with me, and works at our studio. ", "And she practices every day so I'm really lucky!", "\n\nPriya:that's one down. (", "laughing)\n\nDavid: Yeah - (laughing) Cos it could go any way! ", "So if I'll get two out of two?? ", "I don't know...\nI'm also a vegan, so also what happens when the baby wants a hamburger?", "\n\nPriya: yeah exactly! (", "laughing)\n\nDavid: Well, I'm into discipline. ", "So as long as I can, I'll try and convince the kids to do it the way I do it, but in a nice way...you know what I mean!", "\n\nPriya: I'll be sure to check in on you in twenty years! (", "laughing). ", "So, I wanted to ask you about props. ", "There are no use of props in your style of yoga, and while we were doing your workshop, you also mentioned that any extraneous movements ie. ", "wiping your nose, or forehead or resetting your hands are all against the traditional prescription of stillness.", "\n\nDavid: And that was the same in the dance tradition you were studying right?", "\n\nPriya: Yes. ", "It was exacting.", "\n\nDavid: That brings so much attention though doesn't it? ", "It harnesses so much focus.", "\n\nPriya: I think it does. ", "I think it did help me to do that. ", "I realize it more so now than I did then, maybe because I started dance at such a young age.", "\n\nDavid: So it was hard-wired into you probably.", "\n\nPriya: Well, it's sitting there somewhere. ", "I was going to ask you also about something else you said in that workshop, which is that when you're in an asana, your mind is not meant to think about the sensations in your body. ", "I was going to ask you how easy that would be for someone who was doing Ashtanga for the first time.", "\n\nDavid: Oh the first time is going to be very, very difficult.", "\n\nPriya: What do you think are the advantages of that prescription of not thinking about sensations?", "\n\nDavid: Well, we have to be more accurate when we talk about that. ", "When we say things like \"don't think about sensations\", it still allows for body awareness when doing asana. ", "As in, there's going to be sensations that are being produced by the asana. ", "And, in a way, you want that. ", "You're going into the poses in order to elicit those sensations. ", "But what we don't want to get caught up in, are the reactions to the sensations.", "\n\nPriya: Ok I see.", "\n\nDavid: So we watch that process, and try to identify with the witness instead of the process.", "\n\nPriya: And then, the result of that...\n\nDavid: Well first you strengthen your identification with the watcher. ", "Second, you learn how to build a space that you can hold for other events happening, and delay your reaction to them. ", "And that delay in reacting can obviously be pretty useful (laughs).", "\n\nPriya: the old school firewall...\n\nDavid: Yeah, there you go.", "\n\nPriya: With Mysore style, you get to give different prescriptions for different people. ", "How do you determine someone's needs?", "\n\nDavid: Well that's definitely the beauty of the practice, because inside of the structure of it, there is still room for interpretation. ", "My only strength in passing this on is being as faithful as I can to the tradition. ", "You know, I don't have much to add to it (laughing) in terms of my own experience, so I just try to pass on as best as I've understood, being taught. ", "But every different body, or personality type, is going to need slightly different directions or cues, or encouragement or advice...So because it's a one-on-one teaching, you can deliver it specific to the person. ", "Some people are going to need cues more about containment, some people are going to need more encouragement about focus, and some people are the opposite, they'll need to keep being reminded to soften.", "\n\nPriya: And so your prescriptions are really about how perceptive or how in-touch you can be with your own students is that right?", "\n\n(Ashtanga Yoga Toronto, photo: Lisa Kannakko)\n\nDavid: Yeah, I'm trying to get them all to do the same thing; but everyone is starting in different places. ", "So if a person's to the west of centre, and another is to the north, the person to the north would be told to head south and the person to the west would be told to head east. ", "I'm still trying to get everyone to walk towards the centre, you know what I mean?", "\n\nPriya: Sure that makes sense. ", "I'm just wondering about delivering things specific to someone's psychic disposition...that must play a role as well.", "\n\nDavid: Yeah. ", "I don't know if I can elucidate on that. ", "It definitely happens; I just feel it's as hard to describe as when we have conversations with people we might change the way we communicate according to whom we speaking to...It's that same process that happens when teaching.", "\n\nPriya: So what parts of discipline are you still personally challenged by? ", "For instance, in your own practice?", "\n\nDavid: It's hard to come up against the limits of my ability to devote myself to this. ", "Ashtanga is a householder practice. ", "You're supposed to do it in the morning and carry on with your life, and use what your practice gives you to contribute to the happiness of the people around you, and in order to live your life well. ", "But the more and more you practice, it's easy to want to just keep going, to just go really deep...you know, to devote more and more time to it (laughing). ", "You know, I'm always trying to drag my family off to India every year to study more. ", "And every morning I get up at 3 in the morning and I practice, and then I go and I teach at 6am. ", "So I'm always squeezing in my practice. ", "You know I get up to do it, and I have that time, but it's always a fixed amount of time. ", "And my practice is my employment, but it's also my service. ", "So teaching is what I really love to do, but it does take away from me practicing. ", "They are different things...and I think that's the point.", "\nI don't think I'm supposed to just give up everything and just practice, because that would almost be a type of narcissism.", "\n\n(David Robson)\n\nPriya: Yes, I can see what you're saying.", "\n\nDavid: So it has to be applied to something and balanced out against life as a whole. ", "So right now, my discipline is about applying yoga to my life, and not letting yoga take over my life (laughing). ", "I mean, for us, yoga should be like typewriting right? ", "You get good at typewriting to write a book. ", "You don't get good at typewriting to typewrite. (", "laughing) But I get really obsessed with \"typewriting\" sometimes!", "\n\nPriya: (laughing) Yeah you know that's not so unusual for anyone who has any kind of practice. ", "The danger of getting obsessed with the medium.", "\n\nDavid: Exactly. ", "I don't know if that's a discipline issue or not...Also, I like beer a lot! (", "laughing)\n\nPriya: (laughing)\n\nDavid: But you know I can only take moon days off; and there's only one every two weeks and so...Well I'm also so tired that by the time the moon day comes along, I can only drink one beer before I fall asleep. ", "But I really like beer. ", "I guess that's a discipline issue as well.", "\n\nPriya: Well there's almost no point in me asking the next question; but I'll ask anyway. ", "Do you think it's possible to have a dogmatic practice and not be a dogmatic person?", "\n\nDavid: Yeah. ", "I think that all those people that truly have practices that aren't dogmatic must have gone through dogma to get there. ", "Like those really free practices can evolve out of a dogmatic practice. ", "You know, it's like jazz right, you have to learn how to play first; you don't just sit down and play free-form...you have to have mastered an instrument first. ", "I think everybody uses some kind of tool to get where they're going. ", "As in, some kind of dogma. ", "You know, at some point, we have to commit to something.", "\n\nPriya: You described the body as a laboratory when you hosted the workshop I attended. ", "At this stage in your practice, after having been committed to the style you've been studying for so many years, is there anything in your practice you would like to change? ", "Do you have goals with regard to your practice?", "\n\nDavid: My goals change all the time now. ", "They shift; but I'm just watching them...like an observer would. ", "You know, you advance in the series of asana in Ashtanga as you develop more abilities, but that's only to keep you tied in. ", "And you keep kind of hitting up against this place that you can't go any further. ", "In some ways, it keeps you humble. ", "And, it keeps you immersed. ", "You're always working on things; and you're always, in some ways, beaten by it. ", "So every day, I'm kind of beaten a little bit.", "\n\nPriya: (laughing) Well, that's an interesting relationship to want! ", "But it's compelling. ", "You know what I mean? ", "I'm interested in why you describe it that way, and why other people wouldn't want to describe it that way necessarily.", "\n\nDavid: Well, there's something really truthful about that description for me. ", "In a physical sense, like if I can handstand, so what? ", "Right, if I could touch my feet on my head, well so what right? ", "What's next? ", "And then you just keep going, but so what? ", "There's nothing inside any of it, it doesn't lead anywhere. ", "It's just what we use as our point of focus.", "\n\nI have goals in the sense of watching the body, and what's stored there and what comes up during practice. ", "In terms of trying to open myself. ", "But really, my whole challenge is focus. ", "That's the hardest part for me. ", "Even for five breaths at a time, that's hard. ", "Let alone, an hour and a half. ", "Or an hour and forty-five minutes.", "\n\nPriya: Well you keep getting up and doing it...\n\nDavid: Well, I gotta keep trying.", "\n\n(David Robson, Botanical Gardens Bangalore, India)\n\n~\n\n(Ashtanga Yoga Toronto, Photo: Rebecca Markey)\n\nW hen he met Sharath Jois, David Robson knew he could anchor down; and that ashtanga would provide him with the necessary structure to focus his restless energies. ", "Ashtanga was made to deliver a discipline, and a set of rules that practice can develop in each and every body; given that each body is willing to submit completely to its structure. ", "Robson understands that this kind of regimentation usually carries connotations of authoritarianism, inflexibility, constraint and \"dogma\", in its most pejorative definition.", "\n\nAnd that's exactly why Robson's clever heist of the ideas of dogma and discipline at his Ashtanga workshop were fitting; as he carefully ressucitated those words once again, revealing prejudices and preferences to fresh eyes and new consideration. ", "He said as much, barely containing his laughter, \"You know, titling a workshop dogma and discipline is bound to drive people away\",\n\nbefore heading full tilt into a discussion of the importance and necessity of discipline in the yogi's practice. ", "And though Robson is likely too humble to admit it, people were hardly driven away by the discipline; he was speaking to a full room.", "\n\n7 comments:\n\nThank you Priya, that was an enlightening conversation. ", "As a new student of Davids, and a student of other disciplines in the past, I feel very encouraged by David's beer jokes, dogma dissection, and attention to detail.", "It is a huge challenge as a beginner, and knowing I am in the hands of someone that walks the talk makes me feel safe in that container. ", "By the sound of things even if I shared a beer with him to talk about all that stuff he would be asleep pretty soon thereafter, so thanks for spending the time with him!", "\n\nI so love this interview! ", "Find David's take on the freedom of discipline most inspiring.", "So much so I will definitely travel to Florida to take his workshop when he goes in August. ", "Thanks for asking great questions which provided such a wealth of information Priya.", "\n\nRecent Comments\n\nBROWSE BY\n\nAbout Me\n\nAbout The Yoga Examiner\n\nthe yoga examiner is an online journal for yoga practitioners, teachers and writers that features their peers and friends voicing their ideas and illuminations about personal practice, as well as their teaching lives. ", "there's a reason the phrase, \"it sends shivers up the spine\" exists....this journal is here to document the physiology and the poetry of that journey of electricity up the spine.", "\n\nsubscribe to yoga examiner\n\nsubscribe to yoga examiner by email\n\nenter your email address to receive notifications of new posts by email" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCheck wreq request headers\n\nI am pretty new to Haskell and I am not sure how I can achieve this. ", "I am using wreq as HTTP client and I would like to check what HTTP headers are being sent to the server. ", "For instance, I have defined the following method, which tries to authenticate using Facebook credentials:\nauthenticate ⦂ String → String → IO (Response ByteString)\nauthenticate facebookId facebookToken =\n postWith opts \"https://api.somedomain.com/auth\" (object $ [\"facebook_token\" .= facebookToken, \"facebook_id\" .= facebookId])\n where opts = defaults & header \"Content-Type\" .~ [\"application/json\"]\n & header \"Accept\" .~ [\"application/json\"]\n & proxy ?", "~ httpProxy \"localhost\" 9396\n\nWith POSTman I get the proper response but with wreq I get forbidden access (403). ", "I assume some extra request headers might be added by the library and that's what I would like to check.", "\nAny hints?", "\nEDIT: An http proxy is now being used to check HTTP traffic (wreq requests are not detected though).", "\n\nA:\n\nIn Wreq, the Options type is an instance of Show, so you can pass it to print, or simply inspect it on ghci:\nghci> import Network.", "Wreq\nghci> defaults :: Options\nOptions { manager = Left _, proxy = Nothing, auth = Nothing, headers = \n[(\"User-Agent\",\"haskell wreq-0.3.0.1\")], params = [], redirects = 10, cookies = [] }\n\nYou can also use the headers lens to focus directly on the headers:\nghci> defaults ^. headers\n[(\"User-Agent\",\"haskell wreq-0.3.0.1\")]\n\nBut if Wreq is adding some headers after passing the options to postWith, you'll have to use a web debugging proxy like Fiddler to know what's going on.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Use of this site is subject to, and your continued use constitutes your express agreement to be\nbound by, the\nTerms of Use and\nPrivacy Statement.", "\nAny unauthorized use of this site is strictly prohibited.", "\n\nXBRL Voluntary Filing Program\nVisit the CSA’s XBRL website for information about XBRL and the voluntary program.", "Click here for information about XBRL software and viewing XBRL financial statements.", "\n\nIrwin Toy Limited\n\nMailing Address:\n\nLegal Department43 Hanna AvenueToronto, OntarioM6K 1X6\n\nHead Office Address:\n\nLegal Department43 Hanna AvenueToronto, OntarioM6K 1X6\n\nContact Name:\n\nPercival Mathias\n\nPrincipal Regulator:\n\nNo filing is or has previously been made under the MRRS Prospectus Policy\n\nBusiness e-mail address:\n\nShort Form Prospectus Issuer:\n\nNo\n\nTelephone Number:\n\n416 583-4526\n\nReporting Jurisdictions:\n\nCeased Reporting\n\nFax Number:\n\n416 533-3257\n\nStock Exchange:\n\nTSX, ME\n\nDate of Formation:\n\nFeb 1 1986\n\nStock Symbol:\n\nJurisdiction Where Formed:\n\nOntario\n\nAuditor:\n\nDeloitte & Touche\n\nIndustry Classification:\n\nconsumer products - household goods\n\nGeneral Partner:\n\nCUSIP Number:\n\n464173\n\nTransfer Agent:\n\nMontreal Trust\n\nFinancial Year-End:\n\nJan 31\n\nSize of Issuer (Assets):\n\n$25,000,001 to $100,000,000\n\nUse of this site is subject to, and your continued use constitutes your express agreement to be\nbound by, the\nTerms of Use and\nPrivacy Statement.", "\nAny unauthorized use of this site is strictly prohibited.", "\n\nXBRL Voluntary Filing Program\nVisit the CSA’s XBRL website for information about XBRL and the voluntary program.", "Click here for information about XBRL software and viewing XBRL financial statements." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Mad Max jetzt als Steam Key kaufen.", "\n\nMad Max überzeugt mit Open World-Gameplay in einem postapokalyptischen Setting, bei dem Autos überlebenswichtig sind. ", "Du schlüpfst in die Rolle von Mad Max, einem einsamen Krieger, der in erbarmungslosen Kämpfen gegen skrupellose Banditenbanden ums nackte Überleben kämpft. ", "Nachdem sein berühmt-berüchtigter Interceptor gestohlen wurde, muss Max sich auf seinem Weg aus dem Ödland unter anderen mit Chumbucket, dem begabten, eigenbrötlerischen Mechaniker zusammenschließen, um das ultimative Kampfauto zu bauen.", "\n\nFeatures Mad Max\n\nDu bist Mad Max: Werde zur Kultfigur, dem postapokalytischen Krieger Mad Max, stelle seine Ausrüstung her und rüste sie auf; überlebe, indem du Nahkampf, Schusswaffen und taktisches Vorgehen kombinierst. ", "Du musst auf deinem Weg aus dem Ödland schwierige Entscheidungen treffen.", "\n\nFaszinierende postapokalyptische Welt: Erforsche die raue, dynamische Welt, während du der heimtückischen Landschaft, lebensfeindlichen Witterungsverhältnissen und tödlichen Banden von Plünderern trotzt.", "\n\nKostbarer Schrott: Jegliches Metall, das du plünderst, ist wichtig und kann benutzt werden um deine Ausrüstung, Waffen und Fahrzeuge aufzurüsten und zu verbessern. ", "Raube in Mad Max feindliche Lager aus um Zugang zu wertvollen Resourcen zu erhalten.", "\n\nÜberlebe das Open World-Ödland: Am Leben zu bleiben ist nicht einfach. ", "In Mad Max gerätst du mit tödlichen Fraktionen und Gangs aneinander, während du gefährliche Aufträge und Nebenmissionen in der schonungslosen Welt erfüllst.", "\n\nErbarmungslose Fahrzeugkämpfe: Beteilige dich an dynamischen Fahrzeugkämpfen und schalte deine Gegner mit einer Vielzahl an mächtigen Waffen aus. ", "Nur die Gesetze der Physik gelten in Mad Max, sodass kein Kampf dem anderen gleicht.", "\n\nBauen die ultimative Kampfmaschine: Du bestimmst in Mad Max das Design deines ultimativen Kampffahrzeugs und rüstest es nach Belieben auf. ", "Dabei kannst du auf eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Aufrüstungsgegenstände zurückgreifen, wie Waffen, Panzer und Motoren, um einen weiteren Tag zu überleben." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Q:\n\nCauchy implies Wilson\n\nI am trying to solve this problem\n\nUse the Cauchy's Theorem to prove the Wilson's Theorem.", "\n\nThis is a problem that I have to solve for my modern algebra class. ", "I tried to use p-subgroups and the group $\\mathbb{Z}/p\\mathbb{Z}$ to find something useful, but I totally fail. ", "If someone can help me to solve this problem I will be thankful.", "\nI saw in class the proof of Cauchy's Theorem using action of groups, I think something like this will help to solve the problem.", "\nThanks.", "\n\nA:\n\nThere is a proof of Wilson's theorem using the Cauchy–Frobenius theorem on counting orbits:\nthere exist $(p-1)!$ cyclic permutations of $p$ points. ", "The cyclic\ngroup $C_p$ acts on them by conjugation, which we can view geometrically as rotation. ", "There are $p-1$ fixed cycles, hence Cauchy–Frobenius implies that $(p-1)!\\equiv p-1 \\bmod p$ (for details see here).", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "HCG up-regulates hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in luteinized granulosa cells: implications for the hormonal regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A in the human corpus luteum.", "\nVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent angiogenesis is essential for normal luteal development. ", "Although it is believed that hypoxia is the primary inducer of VEGF, in the corpus luteum it is up-regulated by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). ", "As hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1A has been shown to regulate VEGFA under ligand-stimulated conditions, we hypothesized that the effect of hCG on luteal VEGFA was mediated through HIF1A. We studied the effect of hCG on VEGFA and HIF1A expression in human luteinized granulosa cells in vitro and in human corpora lutea in vivo. ", "HCG up-regulated VEGFA (P < 0.05) and HIF1A (P < 0.001) in vitro and VEGFA (P < 0.05) and HIF1A (P < 0.05) in vivo. ", "There was a correlation between HIF1A and VEGFA in vivo (P < 0.005) and in vitro (P < 0.05). ", "Nuclear HIF1A in granulosa-lutein cells was highest during luteal formation and absent from the fully functional corpus luteum (P < 0.05). ", "Both VEGFA (P < 0.001) and HIF1A (P < 0.01) were up-regulated by dibutyryl-cAMP, through a PKA pathway. ", "Hypoxia increased VEGFA (P < 0.001) and HIF1A (P < 0.05) expression and hCG further augmented VEGFA (P < 0.001) and HIF1A (P < 0.01) under hypoxic conditions. ", "However, progesterone increased hCG-stimulated VEGFA but had no effect on HIF1A expression. ", "The expression of HIF1A is therefore hormonally regulated in luteal cells in vitro and in vivo and may regulate VEGFA expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. ", "However, the differential effects of progesterone suggest that not all regulation of VEGFA is associated with an up-regulation of HIF1A." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nPrinting a list in dataframe format\n\nI am trying to print a two-dimensional list in pandas data frame format.", "\nThe result of printing the data as Pandas Data frame\nPandas Data Frame\nMy Code \ncols = [\"prod_id\", \"description\", \"cost\"]\n\ndata = [[\"p01\", \"Domaxx Geniune Leather RFID Blocking Trifold Wallets-Made Genuine Soft Leather Large Classic Pocket Wallet,Holding 9 Cards Photo ID Coin Pocket and 2 Note compartments-Black Surface/Orange Inner\", \"10.00\"],\n[\"p02\",\"Neck Wallet, Passport Holder with RFID Blocking Anti-Theft Travel Pouch Security Wallet for Credit Cards and Passport - Silver\",\"15.00\"]]\n\ntemp_str = ''\n\nfor item in cols :\n\n temp_str += \"\\t \" + item\n\nprint(temp_str)\n\ni = 0\n\nfor row in data :\n\n print(str(i) + \"\\t\" + row[0] + \"\\t\" + row[1] + \"\\t\" + row[2])\n i += 1\n\n============\nPrint Result\nnormal List\n\nA:\n\nI am not sure if I understood your input, but if you want this:\n prod_id description cost\n0 p01 Domaxx Geniune Leather RFID Blocking Trifold W... 10.00\n1 p02 Neck Wallet, Passport Holder with RFID Blockin... 15.00\n\nfrom:\ncols = [\"prod_id\", \"description\", \"cost\"]\ndata = [[\"p01\", \"Domaxx Geniune Leather RFID Blocking Trifold Wallets-Made Genuine Soft Leather Large Classic Pocket Wallet,Holding 9 Cards Photo ID Coin Pocket and 2 Note compartments-Black Surface/Orange Inner\", \"10.00\"], [\"p02\",\"Neck Wallet, Passport Holder with RFID Blocking Anti-Theft Travel Pouch Security Wallet for Credit Cards and Passport - Silver\",\"15.00\"]]\n\nJust do this:\nimport pandas as pd\ndf = pd.", "DataFrame(data, columns=cols)\n\nEDIT\nI show you an example with shorter columns fields:\ndata = [[\"p01\", \"Domaxx Geniune Leather RFID Blocking Trifold Wallets-Made\", \"10.00\"],\n[\"p02\",\"Neck Wallet, Passport Holder with RFID Blocking Anti-Theft Travel Pouch Security Wallet f\",\"15.00\"]]\n\nfmt = '{:<4}{:<10}{:<100}{}'\ndata1 = map(list, zip(*data))\n\nprint(fmt.format('', \"prod_id\", \"description\", \"cost\")) # your columns here\nfor i, (x, y, z) in enumerate(zip(data1[0], data1[1], data1[2])):\n print(fmt.format(i, x, y, z))\n\nYou can play with the values of the format to reach the result that is the best for you\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006347708986140788, 0.00152989337220788, 0.0006513610715046525 ]

[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates to a noise reduction apparatus, contour correction apparatus, color correction apparatus and their control programs, as well as a noise reduction method, contour correction method and color correction method.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nIn order to improve the image quality of the image of a subject obtained by sensing the image of the subject using a digital camera, the image is subjected to processing such as noise reduction processing and contour correction processing (see the specification of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. ", "4-235472).", "\nFurther, although dividing an image on a frequency-band basis has been considered, image quality in such case is not always good (see the specification of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. ", "2002-74356)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0009391900966875255, 0.0005950547638349235, 0.001185585861094296, 0.000615825701970607, 0.0008379844948649406, 0.0006001919391565025, 0.000754854001570493 ]

[ "Q:\n\nExclude folder and files when using get-childitem in powershell\n\nI'm not sure how I should be excluding the following:\n .env, web.config, node_modules\n$sourceRoot = \"C:\\Users\\Wade Aston\\Desktop\\STEMuli\\server\"\n$destinationRoot = \"C:\\Users\\Wade Aston\\Desktop\\STEMuli/server-sandbox\"\n$dir = get-childitem $sourceRoot -Exclude .env, web.config, node_modules <-- How do I exclude these \n$i=1\n$dir| %{\n [int]$percent = $i / $dir.count * 100\n Write-Progress -Activity \"Copying ... ($percent %)\" -status $_ -PercentComplete $percent -verbose\n $_ | copy -Destination $destinationRoot -Recurse -Force\n $i++\n}\n\nThank you =]\n\nA:\n\na couple of notes: \n* Try using wildcards, to apply exclusion, like: *.env\n* Copy-Item parameter Source, allows using collection of type String. ", "Using collection should be faster, than processing sequential with foreach!", "\n* If you need only the files, you may consider using Get-ChildItem -File\nYou may try something like: \n$Source = Get-ChildItem -Path C:\\TEMP -Exclude dism.log, *.csv \n$dest = 'C:\\temp2'\n\nCopy-Item -Path $Source -Destination $dest -Force\n\nHope it helps! ", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0012028292985633016, 0.000941143836826086, 0.0009857339318841696, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "\nThe ABC of atrial fibrillation at the emergency care department Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia. ", "When handling patients with AF at the emergency care department it is of utmost importance to take a structural approach, make the right diagnosis, take care of the risk and/or trigger factors, treat and make sure there is an adequate follow-up." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0009465578477829695, 0.0005501972045749426 ]

[ "★★★★★ “I LOVE SHAKEit Player it’s way better than any other free music download app”★★★★★ “GOT EVEN BETTER”★★★★★ “They now renamed it SHAKEit Player Pro so when ever u shake your iPhone, it shuffles to a different song”★★★★★ “Best Music downloader EVER!”", "★★★★★ “After using this app, I have become a music crazy buff.” – ", "iPhone Apps Review Online\n\nFree Music Downloader SHAKEit Player ProStylish Mosaic Player for iPhone, iPad, and iTouch!!Fully Featured Free Music Downloader!!Download Free and Legal Music directly to your iPhone and iPod!!Vast number of free music available!!!", "\n\n✔ Apple Earphones function enable- Control music (play/pause and next/previous)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Hyper-IgM syndrome: report of one case.", "\nThe hyper-IgM syndrome (HIM) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by defects in the CD40 ligand (CD40L)/CD40-signaling pathway. ", "It is characterized by recurrent infections with markedly decreased IgG, IgA and IgE levels but normal or elevated serum IgM levels. ", "A 5-month-old boy presented with rapidly progressive pneumonia which responded poorly to antibiotics. ", "High levels of IgM and very low levels of IgG, IgE and IgA were noted in his plasma specimen (IgM, 128 mg/dl; IgG, 18 mg/dl; IgE, 1 IU/ml; IgA, 4 mg/dl). ", "The relative proportions of immune cells were CD3 24.6%, CD4 10.3%, CD8 2.2%, CD19 30.2%, CD57 1.0% and active T cells 1.1%. ", "After IVIG treatment, the pneumonia improved. ", "Repeat assessment at the age of 15 months showed IgM decreased to the normal range (32 mg/dl). ", "Whole blood flow cytometry assay for CD40L expression confirmed the diagnosis of hyper-lgM syndrome when he was 21 months old. ", "Only a small percentage (0.48%) of the patient's in vitro activated CD4+ T cells expressed CD40L, compared with 33.54% from a healthy control. ", "The patient's father, mother and sister all had a normal CD40L expression activation patterns (43.52%, 40.78%, 34.11%, respectively). ", "On a regimen of monthly IVIG infusion and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis, the patient has had no recurrent infections." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0013540151994675398, 0.0014440763043239713, 0.0007236292585730553, 0.0009205749956890941, 0.0009603561484254897, 0.0008270926191471517, 0.000621940300334245, 0.0006046215421520174, 0.0026352647691965103, 0.0007456416497007012, 0.0008086320594884455, 0.0006673431489616632 ]

[ "Documents about how the legal case for the Iraq war was formulated by the Blair government seven years ago were made public yesterday, revealing the grave doubts of the Attorney General over impending military action.", "\n\nThe drafts of legal advice and letters sent to the Prime Minister by Lord Goldsmith had been kept secret despite repeated calls for them to be published. ", "Yesterday they were released by the Chilcot Inquiry into the war, after the head of the Civil Service, Sir Gus O'Donnell, stated that the \"long-standing convention\" for such documents to be kept confidential had to be waived because the issue of the legality of the Iraq war had a \"unique status\".", "\n\nIt had been known that Lord Goldsmith had initially advised the government that an attack on Iraq would not be legal without a fresh United Nations resolution. ", "However, just before the US-led invasion he presented a new set of opinions saying that a new resolution was not needed after all.", "\n\nTony Blair appeared to show his irritation with the warnings over military actions, saying in a handwritten note: \"I just do not understand this.\" ", "In another note, a Downing Street aide said: \"We do not need further advice on this matter.\"", "\n\nIn the documents released yesterday, Lord Goldsmith repeatedly stated that an invasion without a fresh UN resolution would be illegal, and warned against using Saddam Hussein's supposed WMD (weapons of mass destruction) as a reason for attack. ", "Two months later, in autumn 2002, Downing Street published a dossier that stressed the alleged WMD threat in an attempt to boost public support for war.", "\n\nIn a letter to Mr Blair on 30 July 2002, marked \"Secret and Strictly personal – UK Eyes only\", Lord Goldsmith stated: \"In the absence of a fresh resolution by the Security Council which would at least involve a new determination of a material and flagrant breach [by Iraq] military action would be unlawful. ", "Even if there were such a resolution, but one which did not explicitly authorise the use of force, it would remain highly debatable whether it legitimised military action – but without it the position is, in my view, clear.\"", "\n\nIn his letter, copied to the then Foreign Secretary, Jack Straw, and Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon, the Attorney General warned that any form of military assistance offered to the US, however limited, such as \"the use of UK bases, the provision of logistical or other support ... would all engage the UK's responsibility under international law. ", "We would therefore need to be satisfied in all cases as to the legality of the use of force.\"", "\n\nLord Goldsmith continued: \"The development of WMD is not in itself sufficient to indicate such imminence. ", "On the basis of the material which I have been shown ... there would not be any grounds for regarding an Iraqi use of WMD as imminent.\"", "\n\nSuccessive inquiries into the Iraq war, by Lord Hutton, Lord Butler and now Sir John Chilcot, have heard repeated claims that Lord Goldsmith was subsequently persuaded to change his advice into the legality of military action by Mr Blair and members of his government.", "\n\nIn January 2003 Mr Blair met President Bush at the White House. ", "The Prime Minister's foreign policy adviser, Sir David Manning, wrote a memo paraphrasing Mr Bush's comments at the meeting as: \"The start date for the military campaign was now pencilled for 10th March. ", "This was when the bombing would begin.\"", "\n\nIn a letter to Mr Blair dated 30 January 2003, after the UN had passed another resolution on Iraq, 1441, Lord Goldsmith wrote: \"In view of your meeting with President Bush on Friday, I thought you might wish to know whether a further decision of the Security Council is legally required in order to authorise the use of force against Iraq.\" ", "The letter marked \"secret\" continued: \"I remain of the view that the correct legal interpretation of Resolution 1441 is that it does not authorise the use of military force without a further determination by the Security Council.\" ", "Lord Goldsmith concluded: \"I have not copied this minute further.\"", "\n\nThe Attorney General sent a draft advice to Mr Blair dated 12 February 2003 after he had consulted US officials. ", "He said: \"It is clear that Resolution 1441 does not expressly authorise the use of force. ", "It follows that resolution may only be relied on as providing the legal basis for military action if it has the effect of reviving the authorisation to use force contained in Resolution 678 (1990)\" – when Iraq was adjudged by the UN to have flouted previous resolutions.", "\n\nBut the Attorney General stressed \"it is clear that the [Security] Council did not intend the authorisation in Resolution 678 should revive immediately following the adoption of Resolution 1441.\" ", "He continued: \"The language of 1441 is not clear and the statements made on adoption of the resolution suggests there were differences of views within the Council. ", "The safest legal course would be to secure the adoption of the further Council decision.\" ", "Lord Goldsmith continued: \"If action were to be taken without a further Security Council decision, particularly if the UK had tried to and failed to secure the adoption of a second resolution, I would expect the Government to be accused of acting unlawfully.\"", "\n\nThe Attorney General was told to provide clarification of his advice by the Government and the final version was delivered to Cabinet on 7 March 2003, days before the invasion. ", "Lord Goldsmith had decided a new resolution was not needed, after all, to justify war.", "\n\n* Tony Blair was named winner of the prestigious Liberty Medal last night by America's National Constitution Centre for \"his steadfast commitment to conflict resolution\" in Northern Ireland and the Middle East.", "\n\nLegal advice: What Attorney General said before the Blair-Bush summit...\n\n30.07.02: Goldsmith's advice to the Prime Minister\n\n\"The key issue here is whether an attack is imminent. ", "The development of WMD is not in itself sufficient to indicate such imminence. ", "On the basis of the material which I have been shown – and I appreciate that there may be other documentation which I have not seen – there would not be any grounds for regarding an Iraqi use of WMD as imminent.", "\n\n\"My view therefore is that in the absence of a fresh resolution by the Security Council which would at least involve a new determination of a material and flagrant breach, military action would be unlawful. ", "Even if there were such a resolution, but one which did not explicitly authorise the use of force, it would remain highly debatable whether it legitimised military action – but without it the position is, in my view, clear.\"", "\n\n14.01.03: Attorney General's advice to the PM, after Resolution 1441 is passed by the UN\n\n\"It is clear that Resolution 1441 contains no express authorisation by the Security Council for the use of force.", "\n\n\"However, the authorisation to use force contained in Resolution 678 (1990) may revive where the Security Council has stated that there has been a breach of the ceasefire conditions imposed on Iraq by Resolution 687 (1991).", "\n\n\"But the revival argument will not be defensible if the Council has made it clear either that action short of the use of force should be taken to ensure compliance with the terms of the ceasefire. ", "In conclusion therefore, my opinion is that Resolution 1441 does not revive the authorisation to use of force contained in Resolution 678 in the absence of a further decision of the Security Council.\"", "\n\n18.10.02: Record of Attorney General's telephone conversation with the Foreign Secretary\n\n\"The Attorney explained that he was concerned by reports he had received that the Prime Minister had indicated to President Bush that he would join them in acting without a second Security Council decision if Iraq did not comply with the terms of a resolution in the terms of the latest US draft. ", "In the Attorney's view, OP10 of the current draft would not be sufficient to authorise the use of force without a second resolution.", "\n\n\"The Foreign Secretary explained the political dimension. ", "He was convinced that the strategy of standing shoulder to shoulder with the US was right politically. ", "It was also important to obtain a decent Security Council resolution.", "\n\n\"The Attorney understood and endorsed the politics behind the Government's approach. ", "It was obviously important to get Bush on side behind a second UN resolution. ", "He was not concerned about what Ministers said externally, up to a point. ", "The Government must, however, not fall into the trap of believing that it was in a position to take action which it could not take. ", "Nor must HMG promise the US government that it can do things which the Attorney considers to be unlawful.\"", "\n\nLetter to the Prime Minister – 30.01.2003 (Day before meeting with Bush in White House.)", "\n\n\"In view of your meeting with President Bush on Friday, I thought you might wish to know where I stand on the question of whether a further decision of the Security Council is legally required in order to authorise the use of force against Iraq.", "\n\n\"You should be aware that, notwithstanding the additional arguments put to me since our last discussion, I remain of the view that the correct legal interpretation of Resolution 1441 is that it does not authorise the use of military force without a\n\nfurther determination by the Security Council.\"", "\n\nNB: later handwritten on top of note: \"Specifically said we did not need further advice this week – Matthew 31/1.\" (", "No 10 aide, Matthew Rycroft)\n\n... and afterwards\n\n12.02.03: Goldsmith draft legal advice, after Blair meeting with Bush, and after Goldsmith's meetings with Jeremy Greenstock (UK ambassador to the United Nations)\n\n\"Since our meeting on 14 January I have had the benefit of discussions with the Foreign Secretary and Sir Jeremy Greenstock, who have given me valuable background information on the negotiating history of Resolution 1441. ", "In addition, I have also had the opportunity to hear the views of the US Administration from their perspective as co-sponsors of the resolution.", "\n\n\"Having regard to the arguments of our co-sponsors which I heard in Washington, I am prepared to accept that a reasonable case can be made that Resolution 1441 revives the authorisation to use force in Resolution 678.", "\n\n\"However, if action were to be taken without a further Security Council decision, particularly if the UK had tried and failed to secure the adoption of a second resolution, I would expect the Government to be accused of acting unlawfully. ", "Therefore, if these circumstances arise, it will be important to ensure that the Government is in a position to put up a robust defence.", "\n\n\"I must stress that the lawfulness of military action depends not only on the existence of a legal basis, but also on the question of proportionality." ]

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[ "An armed intruder was arrested this evening, after he entered the studios of the Dutch national broadcaster and demanded airtime, according to its director.", "\n\nAn reporter for NOS who spoke to the gunman said he had claimed to be from a \"hackers collective\".", "\n\nPolice quickly surrounded the NOS studios building, and those inside were evacuated from the premises in the central Dutch town of Hilversum, 20km (12miles) east of Amsterdam, the RTL press agency reported.", "\n\nThe broadcaster later reported on its website that the man had a pistol with a silencer and threatened a security guard, forcing him to take him upstairs to the editorial offices.", "\n\nAn NOS1 broadcast at 8pm local time (7pm GMT) displayed a message reading \"In connection with circumstances, no broadcast is available at this time\".", "\n\nThe channel was off air for just over an our, and showed a screen reading: \"Please be patient\" in Dutch, and the broadcaster said on its website that police were searching the building.", "\n\nWhen the channel resumed programming, it played recorded images of the man in a studio calmly talking to another man off screen, dressed in a black suit, white shirt and black tie.", "\n\nSpeaking to a man off camera, the intruder said, \"We have been hired by intelligence agencies. ", "We have heard of issues that challenge today's society. ", "We are going to tell everyone.\"", "\n\nShortly after, police arrived and ordered the man to drop the weapon and put his hands in the air. ", "Four or five police officers then ordered him to lie down, which he did and he was arrested without a struggle.", "\n\nJan de Jong, director of the NOS, told national radio: \"Someone got into the building\" and added that the man had been taken into custody.", "\n\nDe Jong said it was unclear how the man got through tight security in the building and into the editorial offices.", "\n\nThere were no reports of any shots being fired in the building. ", "Further details were not immediately available.", "\n\nPolice did not immediately return calls from the Associated Press seeking comment, and calls to NOS offices in Hilversum went unanswered Thursday night.", "\n\nBelfast Telegraph" ]

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[ "Genetically transmitted renal diseases in children: a saudi perspective.", "\nA significant number of renal diseases in children occur as a result of genetic susceptibility. ", "It is believed that such diseases, particularly those with an autosomal recessive transmission, may be more common in places with a high rate of consanguineous marriages as in the Middle East including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). ", "Although a comparison of the published literature from the KSA with that from other countries outside the region support such a possibility, too few studies have been published from the region to definitely answer the question. ", "Preliminary observations indicate that the children in the Kingdom probably have a higher incidence of polycystic kidney disease, familial juvenile nephronophthisis, congenital urological anomalies and familial nephrotic syndrome. ", "It is reasonable to speculate that whereas some diseases may be common, others may be rare because of a low gene frequency in the local population." ]

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[ "770 F.2d 160\nMilesv.", "State of Md.\n85-6117\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Fourth Circuit.", "\n8/14/85\n\n1\nD.Md.", "\n\nCPC DENIED--DISMISSED\n" ]

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[ "How to Make Your Best Customers Even Better\n\nSure, maybe you like to drink Gatorade after a big workout, or you give Gatorade to your daughter after she’s finished soccer practice.", "\n\nBut do you like Gatorade so much that you buy not only the drinks, but the chews and protein bars? ", "Are you so devoted to the brand that you believe consuming it will make you perform better and improve your time in your next marathon? ", "Do you feel so strongly about the brand that you are willing to continue using the product even if the prices go up?", "\n\nIf so, you might be what Eddie Yoon refers to as a “superconsumer.”", "\n\nSuch consumers are much more than fans of a product. ", "They don’t just buy the product because they love how it tastes – they are so emotionally connected to the product that they buy a lot of it, all the time. ", "They love talking about it, writing about it and encouraging others to use it. ", "They are dependable consumers of the product, and keep coming back for more.", "\n\nThat’s important to consider when looking at how the number of products is making consumer loyalty even more challenging. ", "For example, data shows the U.S. population grew 1.1% per year from 1975 to 2008, while consumer spending grew 3.6% per year during that time. ", "But the total number of items in grocery stores soared 5.2% per year for that same time period.", "\n\nWhile superconsumers can help companies continue to sell during in an increasingly competitive marketplace, these consumers also continue to provide benefits far beyond that, Yoon says. ", "Specifically, these consumers are so devoted to a product that they are a willing test audience, providing feedback and insight that takes “much of the risk out of innovation and allow businesses to experiment more and take more chances,” says Yoon, a principal with The Cambridge Group, a growth-strategy firm that is part of Nielsen.", "\n\nReaching diverse customers\n\nThanks to Nielsen’s vast trove of data, Yoon says he and his colleagues were able to pin down the “eclectic bunch” known as superconsumers. ", "Creating a data set of more than 125 consumer-goods categories that represented more than $400 billion in sales, they analyzed purchasing behavior across demographics. ", "They did interviews with consumers, looking at the “depth of their feelings about a particular category and why they valued it so much,” he says.", "\n\n“Considering how fragmented the consumer landscape is, how diverse – ethnically, economically and emotionally – consumers are, and how quickly things change, the stability of superconsumers is increasingly important,” he says.", "\n\nFurther, superconsumers are dependable. ", "Market forecasts can miss much of the time, but superconsumers provide a stability that makes it easier for companies to forecast how much they should produce of a product in the coming years. ", "Superconsumers not only love the current product, but are interested in new uses and variations, which can be helpful when businesses want to boost development efforts, he says.", "\n\n“I don’t think companies have their heads in the sand when it comes to understanding their customers, but it’s just tougher to get a handle on them,” Yoon says. “", "Just as there’s a divide in society, there’s a divide in customers. ", "They’re very diverse.”", "\n\nOf course, one of the big challenges is developing that “emotional connection” with a consumer that turns the person into a superconsumer, especially when so many transactions are now conducted online.", "\n\n“I think online purchasing has its pluses and minuses. ", "Yes, you have people who just buy the product online and don’t care about it. ", "But you also have those people who post online reviews about a product and talk about it on social media. ", "So, this makes it much easier for a superconsumer to influence others – it’s a way to make passion scalable,” he says.", "\n\nIt’s that ability for online dialogue about a product to “inflame passions” through a YouTube video, for example, that makes this such an exciting possibility for companies, Yoon says. ", "If consumers are creating online content about your product – and showing that emotional connection – it’s a sign you’re looking at a potential superconsumer.", "\n\n“Overall, I think online interactions are a good thing in general. ", "You can get more free insights than ever before. ", "They (superconsumers) can even think up new ways to market products or sell them,” he says.", "\n\nOne concern is that focusing on this small segment of customers – superconsumers – may distract a company so much that it fails to see that the competition is gaining or a new product from another business could drain away customers.", "\n\n“I do think companies have to be ready to adapt quickly, but they don’t have to outrun the bear – just the slowest guy,” Yoon says, laughing. “", "Keep in mind that if you’re being disrupted, so are others. ", "Try to look at it as an opportunity.”", "\n\nBuilding relationships\n\nWhile focusing on superconsumers, Yoon contends that managers will be forced to stay focused and not be distracted by things like analyzing big data or re-formatting procedures.", "\n\n“For me, I think this is one of the most important things about superconsumers. ", "As companies get bigger, they can become more bureaucratic, which can slow them down and lock them in place. ", "But staying focused on superconsumers means that is less likely to happen,” he says.", "\n\nAn important part of not succumbing to bureaucratic inertia is ensuring that employees are empowered to take action when they deal with superconsumers. ", "Workers who can come up with their own solutions to deal with an issue spotted by a superconsumer or further develop a service based on insights from these consumers will help a company remain agile and competitive, he says.", "\n\nFor example, it was Netflix employees who loved to binge watch shows they might not want others to know about it who were the most empathetic to viewers who liked to do the same.", "\n\n“When streaming came, all of us working at Netflix realized that it opened up a new category of movies and TV shows. ", "This was ‘junk food’ TV and movies that we all secretly enjoyed watching, but didn’t necessarily want it publicly displayed on our desks. ", "We often had fun kidding each other about that,” Patty McCord, former chief talent officer at Netflix, told Yoon.", "\n\nThis connection to consumers by employees can be especially critical at a time when Yoon says that many business leaders have “contempt” for consumers.", "\n\n“I know there are business leaders who would violently protest that, especially those that have a vision statement saying something like, “I will surprise and delight my customers,’” he says. “", "But this contempt isn’t always clear – there can be shades of grey.”", "\n\nFor example, ignoring superconsumers means you don’t really understand these devotees, “and if you don’t understand them, then you don’t have empathy for them,” he says. “", "If you don’t have empathy for them, then you don’t listen to them and that means you’re listening more to the voice in your own head to tell you what’s best for consumers.”", "\n\nLeaders who fall into this habit won’t be able to compete with companies who are listening to their customers and learning what they want, and it soon becomes a “slippery slope” for leaders who begin cutting corners. ", "For example, such leaders may decide they know best, and begin invest less in R&D, or deciding to let certain product features lapse, even though superconsumers desire them.", "\n\n“You may not know that you’ve messed up until it’s too late,” Yoon says. “", "You can’t get away with that kind of behavior anymore because people are willing to publish their experiences online. ", "And then it’s there forever.”", "\n\nYoon also says that companies must ensure that they offer rewards to loyal superconsumers, since “stinginess as a growth strategy” never works in the long run. ", "These superconsumers love being recognized for being such brand devotees, whether it’s always upgrading them at a hotel or charging no fees for extra bags when flying. ", "They further like being tapped to help solve problems, or fixing “bugs” in current products.", "\n\n“A lot of companies think they know who these superconsumers are, but that’s often the biggest misconception,” Yoon says. “", "It’s not just someone who buys a lot of your product. ", "If they don’t have the emotional connection, it may be an imposter. ", "You think you have a relationship with them, but you don’t.”", "\n\nSimply holding a conversation with a consumer doesn’t mean the person is a superconsumer, or will stick with the product through good times and bad.", "\n\n“There are companies that cannot afford to treat consumers the same way. ", "The stakes are much higher than ever before as fewer dollars for even more products,” Yoon says. “", "This has got to be a wakeup call to find your superconsumers.”" ]

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[ "/**\n * Copyright (c) 2017-present, Facebook, Inc.\n * All rights reserved.", "\n *\n * This source code is licensed under the license found in the\n * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.", "\n*/\n\npackage com.facebook.research.asynchronousratchetingtree.crypto;\n\npublic class SignedDHPubKey extends DHPubKey {\n private byte[] signature;\n\n public SignedDHPubKey(byte[] pubKey, byte[] signature) {\n super(pubKey);\n this.signature = signature;\n }\n\n public byte[] getSignature() {\n return signature;\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nNumpy: Multiple Outer Products\n\nGeneral Problem\nSuppose that I have a ndarray v of shape (nrow,ncols,3). ", "I want to compute the ndarray outer_array of shape (nrow,ncols,3,3) containing all outer products of the vectors of shape (3) at each index (nrow,ncol). ", "Of course, this is the the kind of problem for which numpy.einsum exists.", "\nNow, what I've tried is:\nouter_array = numpy.einsum(\"xyi,xyj->xyij\",v,v.conjugate())\n\nNow, I'm not sure that this will work: despite the fact that outer_array has the expected shape, the elements of the matrices of outer products do not correspond to what I'm expecting. ", "\nI think this is due to the choice of labels in the einsum expression: the product is supposed to be summed over x and y because the indices are repeated, but since I'm reusing them in the output expression, the result of the sum is somehow broadcast.", "\nOn the other hand, if I write:\nouter_array = numpy.einsum(\"xyi,uvj->...ij\",v,v.conjugate())\n\nnumpy will compute all possible combinations of outer products for each pair (x,y) and (u,v), resulting in an array of shape (ncols,nrow,ncols,nrow,3,3), where the diagonals (u,v) = (x,y) will contain the desired output.", "\nThe Precise Question\nHow do I choose the first two indices in the einsum notation in order to obtain an array where at each index x,y I get the outer product of vector v with itself without having to resort to the second expression?", "\nEdit\napparently, this form seems to work too:\nouter_array = numpy.einsum(\"...i,...j->...ij\",v,v.conjugate())\n\nI can only admire how useful numpy broadcasting is!", "\n\nA:\n\nThe key to 'xyi,xyj->xyij' working is that the xy is repeated in the output string.", "\nLet's use a simpler array:\nx = np.arange(6).reshape(3,2)\nnp.einsum.einsum('ij->j',x)\n# array([6, 9]) # sums on the 1st dimension of `x`\n\nNow for an outer product on this x:\nIn [20]: x[:,:,None]*x[:,None,:] # shape (3,2,2)\nOut[20]: \narray([[[ 0, 0],\n [ 0, 1]],\n\n [[ 4, 6],\n [ 6, 9]],\n\n [[16, 20],\n [20, 25]]])\n\nThis is an example of numpy broadcasting (i.e. adding dimensions and expanding them)\nIn \"...i,...j->...ij\", ... is functioning more as a place holder for existing, but anonymous dimensions.", "\nThe equivalent with einsum is:\nnp.einsum('ij,ik->ijk',x,x)\n\n(I should really do a calculation that isn't symmetric in the last 2 dimensions).", "\nI've worked out a pure Python work-alike of einsum. ", " The focus is on parsing the argument string, and how it creates the inputs for an iter object. ", " It's available on github: https://github.com/hpaulj/numpy-einsum/blob/master/einsum_py.py You are welcome to play around with it. ", "It has a debug flag to show intermediate steps.", "\nWith my einsum with debugging output:\nIn [23]: einsum_py.myeinsum('ij,ik->ijk',x,x,debug=True)\n# ... some parsing information\n[('ij', [105, 106], 'NONE'), ('ik', [105, 107], 'NONE')]\n('ijk', [105, 106, 107], 'NONE')\niter labels: [105, 106, 107],'ijk'\n\nop_axes [[0, 1, -1], [0, -1, 1], [0, 1, 2]]\n\nop_axes is the key argument that is used in creating a iter, the object that iterates over the axes of the input and output arrays. ", " It iterates over the 1st axis of all arrays. ", " The 2nd axis is 1 for 1st op and output, and a newaxis (-1) for the 2nd op. ", "\nWith the ellipsis:\nIn [24]: einsum_py.myeinsum('...j,...k->...jk',x,x,debug=True)\n...\niter labels: [0, 106, 107],'0jk'\nop_axes [[0, 1, -1], [0, -1, 1], [0, 1, 2]]\n\nThis generates the same op_axes, and hence the same calculation.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Get the latest Swans news sent straight to your inbox Sign up Thank you for subscribing We have more newsletters Show me See our privacy notice Invalid Email\n\nSwansea City are set to earn almost £1m as a result of the involvement of their players at the 2018 World Cup.", "\n\nThe Swans had four players - Lukasz Fabianski, who has since joined West Ham, Kristoffer Nordfeldt, Ki Sung-yueng, who has moved to Newcastle United and Martin Olsson - called up for international duty for the Russia tournament.", "\n\nAnd as a result of an agreement between FIFA and the European Club Association (ECA), the Swans are set to receive a cash bonus due to the quartet's involvement in the competition.", "\n\nA figure of $209m (£158m) has been set aside to compensate clubs who have players competing at the World Cup, with sides receiving $8,530 (around £6,460) for every day from two weeks before the beginning of the tournament to the day after their final game that their player is at the tournament.", "\n\nFollowing Sweden's 2-0 quarter-final defeat to Gareth Southgate's England in Samara, Olsson and Nordfeldt's involvement in the global showpiece came to an end while Fabianski's Poland crashed out at the group stage.", "\n\nNordfeldt did not feature for his country at the competition while left-back Olsson's only involvement came as a substitute in his side's 1-0 last-16 triumph over Switzerland and in their loss to the Three Lions.", "\n\nBut the agreement between FIFA and the ECA states that it does not matter if players get game time or not in the competition.", "\n\nIt means the Swedish duo spent a total of 39 days each at the tournament based on the aforementioned criteria, so the Swans will earn approximately $332,670 (around £250,354) for both Olsson and Nordfeldt's involvement in the tournament.", "\n\nSo as a result of the pair's exploits combined, Swansea will scoop just over £500,000.", "\n\nAs far as Fabianski is concerned, he only featured in one group stage match for Poland who were already out of contention to reach the knockout phase when he kept a clean sheet to help his country claim a 1-0 win over Japan in their final game of the competition.", "\n\nAnd while he is no longer at the Liberty Stadium, Swansea will still get the vast majority of the cash from the agreement, with West Ham's earnings from the goalkeeper set to be minimal.", "\n\nA section of a circular sent to member associations of FIFA reads: \"The total per player is distributed on a pro rata basis to the clubs with which the player was registered during the two years before the day following the last match of his representative team at the final competition of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.\"", "\n\nAs Fabianski's involvement in the competition was ended after his side's triumph over Japan, it meant he spent a total of 30 days on international duty when you include the two weeks prior to the opening game of the tournament between Russia and Saudi Arabia on June 14.", "\n\nSo his involvement at the competition will earn Swansea and West Ham $255,900 (around £192,580), with the Swans set to bank almost all of that sum given that Fabianski has only been a Hammer for a matter of days over the course of the two-year period in which FIFA and the ECA base their pro rata share rules on.", "\n\nAnd Ki spent 29 days in the competition as South Korea exited at the group phase, despite winning their final match of the tournament 2-0 against 2014 champions Germany.", "\n\nBut as Ki's contract with Swansea didn't officially expire until June 30, the Swans will receive the full amount of the $247,370 (approximately £186,196) as a result of his efforts in Russia.", "\n\nIndicative example as provided by FIFA\n\nPlayer X is selected to play for representative team A in the final competition of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.", "\n\nPlayer X is registered with club Y at the time of the final competition of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.", "\n\nPlayer X was transferred from club Z to club Y in the summer of 2017.", "\n\nRepresentative team A is eliminated in the quarter-final of the final competition of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia, which would result in a total per player for player X of USD 324,140 (38 days x USD 8,530).", "\n\nThe amount of USD 324,140 is shared on a pro rata basis between clubs Y and Z, based on the time player X was registered with the two clubs Y and Z in the previous two years, counting from one day after the elimination of representative team A in the final competition of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.", "\n\n(Figures are subject to any taxes and deductions)\n\nAs ever, you can join in the conversation at our Swansea City Online Facebook page or tweet us at @SwanseaCityLive." ]

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[ "Lloyd Ahlquist\n\nLloyd Leonard Ahlquist (born January 18, 1977), better known by his online alias EpicLLOYD, is an American internet personality best known for the YouTube video series Epic Rap Battles of History, along with Peter Shukoff (\"Nice Peter\"). ", "Ahlquist has performed as an MC, actor, improviser and writer. ", "In addition to the rap battles, Ahlquist, along with Shukoff, appeared in a cameo in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water.", "\n\nComedy and Theater\nAhlquist was formerly the General Manager and Artistic Director of M.I.'s Westside Comedy Theater. ", "Ahlquist also studied at UMass Amherst and later trained in Chicago at The Second City, Improv Olympic and Annoyance Theatre. ", "Ahlquist was one of the founding members of Mission IMPROVable, and continues to perform with the group weekly in their show \"The Grind\" while serving on the Board of Directors of M.i. ", "Productions. ", "He founded the comedy troupe after dropping out of the University of Massachusetts with five classmates.", "\n\nIn August 2014, Ahqluist hosted YouTube's first live-streamed improv comedy event, \"Off the Top.\" ", "A trailer for \"Epic Studios\", a show starring Ahlquist, was released in 2015 and the first episodes were posted to his personal YouTube channel in April 2017.", "\n\nYouTube\n\nSolo channel\nLloyd runs his own YouTube channel that launched on April 20, 2011. ", "Ahlquist has a staple series on his own channel, titled \"Dis Raps For Hire\", which features Ahlquist taking a user-submitted comment asking Ahlquist to lyrically \"destroy\" or insult another person that is bullying or harassing the user. ", "To date, 16 \"Dis Raps for Hire\" have been produced. ", "Season 2 of \"Dis Raps for Hire\" started on March 11, 2013.", "\n\nOn July 17, 2012, Lloyd's channel hit 200,000 subscribers. ", "As a \"thank you\" gesture, he produced a parody of the Cinnamon challenge. ", "In 2016, Lloyd hit 400,000 subscribers.", "\n\nStarting in 2017, EpicLLOYD has also run the series Epic Studios, where he portrays a fictional version of himself as he struggles to keep the Canadian music studio he inherited from his father from being turned into condos.", "\n\nEpic Rap Battles of History\n\nIn 2010, Ahlquist partnered with singer and rapper Peter Shukoff to create Epic Rap Battles of History under Maker Studios sometime after Ahlquist, Shukoff and Zach Sherwin (a guest in the rap battles), were playing Check OneTwo, a freestyle rap improv game where they took suggestions from the audience of famous people to battle rap off the top of their heads. ", "Ahlquist has played several characters in the successful rap battles including Bill O'Reilly and Adolf Hitler. ", "Epic Rap Battles of History received four wins at the 3rd Streamy Awards, with Ahlquist receiving one of the four awards. ", "By October 2014, the rap battles accumulated a total view count of over 1 billion, excluding the hundreds of millions of views earned by the season 1 episodes. ", "As of early 2020, the Epic Rap Battle channel had over 3.4 billion views.", "\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums\nDis Raps for Hire - Season 1 (2013)\nHere - EP (2016)\nDis Raps for Hire - Season 2 (2018)\n\nSongs\nDis Raps For Hire - Charles\nDis Raps For Hire - Southwest High School\nDis Raps For Hire - Christian\nDis Raps For Hire - Jennifer\nDis Raps For Hire - Justin\nDis Raps For Hire - James\nDis Raps For Hire - William, Reshad, and Tyrance\nDis Raps For Hire - Daniel\nDis Raps For Hire - Joan\nGift Raps For Hire - Momma Metcalf\nDis Raps For Hire - Glasscock\nDis Raps For Hire - Jason and Ramone\nDis Raps For Hire - Steven, Lucas, Mark, and Nelson\nDis Raps For Hire - EthanAlways\nDis Raps For Hire - Diamond\nDis Raps For Hire - Jerome\nDis Raps For Hire - Katrina & Cheyenne\nDis Raps For Hire - This Guy\nThe L-Verse\nComing Up Short\nPawn\nNinja\nMr. Nothing\nI Aint Got No Watch (I Aint Got No Bling)\nNew Things\nHolding The Seams Together\nScars\nCheap Beer\nSpace\nPops Over the Falls\nGoodbye\n\nFilmography\n\nAwards and nominations\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1977 births\nCategory:American male stage actors\nCategory:American people of Swedish descent\nCategory:American YouTubers\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Maker Studios people\nCategory:Male YouTubers\nCategory:People from Exeter, New Hampshire\nCategory:Streamy Award winners\nCategory:University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni" ]

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[ "Caenopedina novaezealandiae\n\nCaenopedina novaezealandiae is a species of sea urchins of the Family Pedinidae. ", "Their armour is covered with spines. ", "Caenopedina novaezealandiae was first scientifically described in 1964 by Pawson.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Animals described in 1964\nCategory:Pedinoida" ]

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[ "The claims, description, and drawings of this application may describe one or more of the instant technologies in operational/functional language, for example as a set of operations to be performed by a computer. ", "Such operational/functional description in most instances would be understood by one skilled the art as specifically-configured hardware (e.g., because a general purpose computer in effect becomes a special purpose computer once it is programmed to perform particular functions pursuant to instructions from program software).", "\nImportantly, although the operational/functional descriptions described herein are understandable by the human mind, they are not abstract ideas of the operations/functions divorced from computational implementation of those operations/functions. ", "Rather, the operations/functions represent a specification for the massively complex computational machines or other means. ", "As discussed in detail below, the operational/functional language must be read in its proper technological context, i.e., as concrete specifications for physical implementations.", "\nThe logical operations/functions described herein are a distillation of machine specifications or other physical mechanisms specified by the operations/functions such that the otherwise inscrutable machine specifications may be comprehensible to the human mind. ", "The distillation also allows one of skill in the art to adapt the operational/functional description of the technology across many different specific vendors' hardware configurations or platforms, without being limited to specific vendors' hardware configurations or platforms.", "\nSome of the present technical description (e.g., detailed description, drawings, claims, etc.) ", "may be set forth in terms of logical operations/functions. ", "As described in more detail in the following paragraphs, these logical operations/functions are not representations of abstract ideas, but rather representative of static or sequenced specifications of various hardware elements. ", "Differently stated, unless context dictates otherwise, the logical operations/functions will be understood by those of skill in the art to be representative of static or sequenced specifications of various hardware elements. ", "This is true because tools available to one of skill in the art to implement technical disclosures set forth in operational/functional formats—tools in the form of a high-level programming language (e.g., C, java, visual basic), etc.), ", "or tools in the form of Very high speed Hardware Description Language (“VHDL,” which is a language that uses text to describe logic circuits)—are generators of static or sequenced specifications of various hardware configurations. ", "This fact is sometimes obscured by the broad term “software,” but, as shown by the following explanation, those skilled in the art understand that what is termed “software” is a shorthand for a massively complex interchaining/specification of ordered-matter elements. ", "The term “ordered-matter elements” may refer to physical components of computation, such as assemblies of electronic logic gates, molecular computing logic constituents, quantum computing mechanisms, etc.", "\nFor example, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction, e.g., multiple levels of abstraction, from the details of the sequential organizations, states, inputs, outputs, etc., ", "of the machines that a high-level programming language actually specifies. ", "See, e.g., Wikipedia, High-level programming language, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_programming_language (as of Jun. 5, 2012, 21:00 GMT). ", "In order to facilitate human comprehension, in many instances, high-level programming languages resemble or even share symbols with natural languages. ", "See, e.g., Wikipedia, Natural language, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language (as of Jun. 5, 2012, 21:00 GMT).", "\nIt has been argued that because high-level programming languages use strong abstraction (e.g., that they may resemble or share symbols with natural languages), they are therefore a “purely mental construct.” (", "e.g., that “software”—a computer program or computer programming—is somehow an ineffable mental construct, because at a high level of abstraction, it can be conceived and understood in the human mind). ", "This argument has been used to characterize technical description in the form of functions/operations as somehow “abstract ideas.” ", "In fact, in technological arts (e.g., the information and communication technologies) this is not true.", "\nThe fact that high-level programming languages use strong abstraction to facilitate human understanding should not be taken as an indication that what is expressed is an abstract idea. ", "In fact, those skilled in the art understand that just the opposite is true. ", "If a high-level programming language is the tool used to implement a technical disclosure in the form of functions/operations, those skilled in the art will recognize that, far from being abstract, imprecise, “fuzzy,” or “mental” in any significant semantic sense, such a tool is instead a near incomprehensibly precise sequential specification of specific computational machines—the parts of which are built up by activating/selecting such parts from typically more general computational machines over time (e.g., clocked time). ", "This fact is sometimes obscured by the superficial similarities between high-level programming languages and natural languages. ", "These superficial similarities also may cause a glossing over of the fact that high-level programming language implementations ultimately perform valuable work by creating/controlling many different computational machines.", "\nThe many different computational machines that a high-level programming language specifies are almost unimaginably complex. ", "At base, the hardware used in the computational machines typically consists of some type of ordered matter (e.g., traditional electronic devices (e.g., transistors), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), quantum devices, mechanical switches, optics, fluidics, pneumatics, optical devices (e.g., optical interference devices), molecules, etc.) ", "that are arranged to form logic gates. ", "Logic gates are typically physical devices that may be electrically, mechanically, chemically, or otherwise driven to change physical state in order to create a physical reality of Boolean logic.", "\nLogic gates may be arranged to form logic circuits, which are typically physical devices that may be electrically, mechanically, chemically, or otherwise driven to create a physical reality of certain logical functions. ", "Types of logic circuits include such devices as multiplexers, registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), computer memory, etc., ", "each type of which may be combined to form yet other types of physical devices, such as a central processing unit (CPU)—the best known of which is the microprocessor. ", "A modern microprocessor will often contain more than one hundred million logic gates in its many logic circuits (and often more than a billion transistors). ", "See, e.g., Wikipedia, Logic gates, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gates (as of Jun. 5, 2012, 21:03 GMT).", "\nThe logic circuits forming the microprocessor are arranged to provide a microarchitecture that will carry out the instructions defined by that microprocessor's defined Instruction Set Architecture. ", "The Instruction Set Architecture is the part of the microprocessor architecture related to programming, including the native data types, instructions, registers, addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, and external Input/Output. ", "See, e.g., Wikipedia, Computer architecture, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture (as of Jun. 5, 2012, 21:03 GMT).", "\nThe Instruction Set Architecture includes a specification of the machine language that can be used by programmers to use/control the microprocessor. ", "Since the machine language instructions are such that they may be executed directly by the microprocessor, typically they consist of strings of binary digits, or bits. ", "For example, a typical machine language instruction might be many bits long (e.g., 32, 64, or 128 bit strings are currently common). ", "A typical machine language instruction might take the form “11110000101011110000111100111111” (a 32 bit instruction).", "\nIt is significant here that, although the machine language instructions are written as sequences of binary digits, in actuality those binary digits specify physical reality. ", "For example, if certain semiconductors are used to make the operations of Boolean logic a physical reality, the apparently mathematical bits “1” and “0” in a machine language instruction actually constitute a shorthand that specifies the application of specific voltages to specific wires. ", "For example, in some semiconductor technologies, the binary number “1” (e.g., logical “1”) in a machine language instruction specifies around +5 volts applied to a specific “wire” (e.g., metallic traces on a printed circuit board) and the binary number “0” (e.g., logical “0”) in a machine language instruction specifies around −5 volts applied to a specific “wire.” ", "In addition to specifying voltages of the machines' configuration, such machine language instructions also select out and activate specific groupings of logic gates from the millions of logic gates of the more general machine. ", "Thus, far from abstract mathematical expressions, machine language instruction programs, even though written as a string of zeros and ones, specify many, many constructed physical machines or physical machine states.", "\nMachine language is typically incomprehensible by most humans (e.g., the above example was just ONE instruction, and some personal computers execute more than two billion instructions every second). ", "See, e.g., Wikipedia, Instructions per second, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_second (as of Jun. 5, 2012, 21:04 GMT).", "\nThus, programs written in machine language—which may be tens of millions of machine language instructions long—are incomprehensible. ", "In view of this, early assembly languages were developed that used mnemonic codes to refer to machine language instructions, rather than using the machine language instructions' numeric values directly (e.g., for performing a multiplication operation, programmers coded the abbreviation “mult,” which represents the binary number “011000” in MIPS machine code). ", "While assembly languages were initially a great aid to humans controlling the microprocessors to perform work, in time the complexity of the work that needed to be done by the humans outstripped the ability of humans to control the microprocessors using merely assembly languages.", "\nAt this point, it was noted that the same tasks needed to be done over and over, and the machine language necessary to do those repetitive tasks was the same. ", "In view of this, compilers were created. ", "A compiler is a device that takes a statement that is more comprehensible to a human than either machine or assembly language, such as “add 2+2 and output the result,” and translates that human understandable statement into a complicated, tedious, and immense machine language code (e.g., millions of 32, 64, or 128 bit length strings). ", "Compilers thus translate high-level programming language into machine language.", "\nThis compiled machine language, as described above, is then used as the technical specification which sequentially constructs and causes the interoperation of many different computational machines such that humanly useful, tangible, and concrete work is done. ", "For example, as indicated above, such machine language—the compiled version of the higher-level language—functions as a technical specification which selects out hardware logic gates, specifies voltage levels, voltage transition timings, etc., ", "such that the humanly useful work is accomplished by the hardware.", "\nThus, a functional/operational technical description, when viewed by one of skill in the art, is far from an abstract idea. ", "Rather, such a functional/operational technical description, when understood through the tools available in the art such as those just described, is instead understood to be a humanly understandable representation of a hardware specification, the complexity and specificity of which far exceeds the comprehension of most any one human. ", "With this in mind, those skilled in the art will understand that any such operational/functional technical descriptions—in view of the disclosures herein and the knowledge of those skilled in the art—may be understood as operations made into physical reality by (a) one or more interchained physical machines, (b) interchained logic gates configured to create one or more physical machine(s) representative of sequential/combinatorial logic(s), (c) interchained ordered matter making up logic gates (e.g., interchained electronic devices (e.g., transistors), DNA, quantum devices, mechanical switches, optics, fluidics, pneumatics, molecules, etc.) ", "that create physical reality representative of logic(s), or (d) virtually any combination of the foregoing. ", "Indeed, any physical object which has a stable, measurable, and changeable state may be used to construct a machine based on the above technical description. ", "Charles Babbage, for example, constructed the first computer out of wood and powered by cranking a handle.", "\nThus, far from being understood as an abstract idea, those skilled in the art will recognize a functional/operational technical description as a humanly-understandable representation of one or more almost unimaginably complex and time sequenced hardware instantiations. ", "The fact that functional/operational technical descriptions might lend themselves readily to high-level computing languages (or high-level block diagrams for that matter) that share some words, structures, phrases, etc. ", "with natural language simply cannot be taken as an indication that such functional/operational technical descriptions are abstract ideas, or mere expressions of abstract ideas. ", "In fact, as outlined herein, in the technological arts this is simply not true. ", "When viewed through the tools available to those of skill in the art, such functional/operational technical descriptions are seen as specifying hardware configurations of almost unimaginable complexity.", "\nAs outlined above, the reason for the use of functional/operational technical descriptions is at least twofold. ", "First, the use of functional/operational technical descriptions allows near-infinitely complex machines and machine operations arising from interchained hardware elements to be described in a manner that the human mind can process (e.g., by mimicking natural language and logical narrative flow). ", "Second, the use of functional/operational technical descriptions assists the person of skill in the art in understanding the described subject matter by providing a description that is more or less independent of any specific vendor's piece(s) of hardware.", "\nThe use of functional/operational technical descriptions assists the person of skill in the art in understanding the described subject matter since, as is evident from the above discussion, one could easily, although not quickly, transcribe the technical descriptions set forth in this document as trillions of ones and zeroes, billions of single lines of assembly-level machine code, millions of logic gates, thousands of gate arrays, or any number of intermediate levels of abstractions. ", "However, if any such low-level technical descriptions were to replace the present technical description, a person of skill in the art could encounter undue difficulty in implementing the disclosure, because such a low-level technical description would likely add complexity without a corresponding benefit (e.g., by describing the subject matter utilizing the conventions of one or more vendor-specific pieces of hardware). ", "Thus, the use of functional/operational technical descriptions assists those of skill in the art by separating the technical descriptions from the conventions of any vendor-specific piece of hardware.", "\nIn view of the foregoing, the logical operations/functions set forth in the present technical description are representative of static or sequenced specifications of various ordered-matter elements, in order that such specifications may be comprehensible to the human mind and adaptable to create many various hardware configurations. ", "The logical operations/functions disclosed herein should be treated as such, and should not be disparagingly characterized as abstract ideas merely because the specifications they represent are presented in a manner that one of skill in the art can readily understand and apply in a manner independent of a specific vendor's hardware implementation." ]

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[ "Introduction {#Sec1}\n============\n\nThe standard model of particle physics (SM) has shown great success in describing physics processes at very short distances. ", "Nevertheless, open questions remain, such as the hierarchy problem, the imprecise unification of gauge couplings, and the absence of candidates for dark matter. ", "Considerable efforts have been made to address these issues, resulting in a large variety of models. ", "Supersymmetry (SUSY), in which the strong and electroweak forces are unified at a renormalisation scale near the Planck scale, provides a possible solution for the hierarchy problem; the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is the simplest, phenomenologically viable realisation of SUSY \\[[@CR1], [@CR2]\\].", "\n\nThe present study focuses on a subset of models featuring massive long-lived particles (LLP) with a measurable flight distance. ", "We concentrate on scenarios in which the LLP decays hadronically in the LHCb vertex detector, travelling distances which can be larger than those of typical $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ hadrons.", "\n\nA large number of LLP searches have been performed by the experiments at the LHC and Tevatron, mainly using the Hidden Valley framework \\[[@CR3]\\] as a benchmark model \\[[@CR4]--[@CR8]\\]. ", "Hidden Valley processes have also been sought by LHCb \\[[@CR9]\\], which is able to explore the forward rapidity region only partially covered by other LHC experiments. ", "In addition, it is able to trigger on particles with low transverse momenta, allowing the experiment to probe relatively small LLP masses.", "\n\nThe event topology considered in this study is quite different from that of Hidden Valley models. ", "The minimal supergravity model (mSUGRA) realisation of the MSSM is used as a benchmark model with baryon number violation \\[[@CR10]\\], as suggested in Refs.", " \\[[@CR11], [@CR12]\\]. ", "Here a Higgs-like boson produced in *pp* collisions decays into two LLPs (neutralinos), subsequently decaying into three quarks each. ", "The Higgs-like particle mass ranges from 80 up to 140 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$, covering the mass of the scalar boson discovered by the ATLAS and CMS experiments \\[[@CR13], [@CR14]\\]. ", "The explored LLP lifetime range of 5--100 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{ps}$$\\end{document}$ is higher than the typical $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ hadron lifetime, and corresponds to an average flight distance of up to 30 cm, which is inside the LHCb vertex detector region. ", "The LLP mass range considered is between 20 and 60 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$.\n\nDetector description {#Sec2}\n====================\n\nThe LHCb detector \\[[@CR15], [@CR16]\\] is a single-arm forward spectrometer covering the pseudorapidity range $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$2<\\eta <5$$\\end{document}$, designed for the study of particles containing $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ or $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$c $$\\end{document}$ quarks. ", "The detector includes a high-precision tracking system consisting of a silicon-strip vertex detector surrounding the *pp* interaction region (VELO), a large-area silicon-strip detector located upstream of a dipole magnet with a bending power of about $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$4{\\mathrm {\\,Tm}}$$\\end{document}$, and three stations of silicon-strip detectors and straw drift tubes, placed downstream of the magnet. ", "The tracking system provides a measurement of the momentum, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$p$$\\end{document}$, of charged particles with a relative uncertainty that varies from 0.5% at low momentum to 1.0% at 200 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c}$$\\end{document}$. The minimum distance of a track to a primary vertex (PV), the impact parameter, is measured with a resolution of (15 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$+$$\\end{document}$ 29/$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$p_\\mathrm{T}$$\\end{document}$) $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\upmu \\mathrm{m}$$\\end{document}$, where $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$p_\\mathrm{T}$$\\end{document}$is the component of the momentum transverse to the beam, in $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c}$$\\end{document}$. Different types of charged hadrons are distinguished using information from two ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors. ", "Photons, electrons and hadrons are identified by a calorimeter system consisting of scintillating-pad and preshower detectors, an electromagnetic calorimeter and a hadronic calorimeter. ", "Muons are identified by a system composed of alternating layers of iron and multiwire proportional chambers. ", "The online event selection is performed by a trigger \\[[@CR17]\\], which consists of a hardware stage, L0, based on information from the calorimeter and muon systems, followed by two software stages, HLT1 and HLT2, which run a simplified version of the offline event reconstruction.", "\n\nEvent generation and detector simulation {#Sec3}\n========================================\n\nVarious simulated event samples are used in this analysis. ", "The *pp* collisions are generated with [Pythia]{.smallcaps}  6 \\[[@CR18]\\]. ", "The process simulated is $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {h}^0} \\rightarrow {\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1}}{\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1}}$$\\end{document}$, where the Higgs-like boson of mass $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$ is produced via gluon-gluon fusion, with the parton density function taken from CTEQ6L \\[[@CR19]\\]. ", "The neutralino $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1}$$\\end{document}$ is an LLP of mass $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$ and lifetime $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$, which decays into three quarks via the mSUGRA baryon number violating process available in [Pythia]{.smallcaps}. ", "The corresponding decay flavour structure for the neutralino with a mass of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$48\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$ is 18.5% for each of the combinations with a $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ quark (*udb*, *usb*, *cdb*, *csb*), and 13% for each *udq* and *cdq*, where *q* is not a $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ quark, i.e. about 75% of LLPs have a $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ quark in the decay. ", "This fraction becomes 70% for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}} =20\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$.\n\nTwo separate detector simulations are used, a full simulation where the interaction of the generated particles with the detector is based on [Geant4]{.smallcaps}  \\[[@CR20], [@CR21]\\], and a fast simulation. ", "In [Geant4]{.smallcaps}, the detector and its response are implemented as described in Ref.", " \\[[@CR22]\\]. ", "Signal models for a representative set of theoretical parameters have been generated and fully simulated (Appendix [A](#Sec10){ref-type=\"sec\"}, Table [5](#Tab5){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "In the remainder of this paper, the following nomenclature is chosen: a prefix \"BV\", indicating baryon number violation, is followed by the LLP mass in $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$ and lifetime, and the prefix \"mH\" followed by the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$ value in $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$. Most of the fully simulated models have $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} $$\\end{document}$=114 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$, which is in the middle of the chosen Higgs-like particle mass range. ", "Only events with at least one $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1}$$\\end{document}$ in the pseudorapidity region $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$1.8<\\eta <5.0$$\\end{document}$ are processed by [Geant4]{.smallcaps}, corresponding to about 30% of the generated events.", "\n\nThe fast simulation is used to cover a broader parameter space of the theoretical models. ", "Here the charged particles from the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {h}^0} \\rightarrow {\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1}} {\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1}}$$\\end{document}$ process falling in the geometrical acceptance of the detector are processed by the vertex reconstruction algorithm. ", "The fast simulation is validated by comparison with the full simulation. ", "The detection efficiencies predicted by the full and the fast simulation differ by less than 5% for all the signal models. ", "The distributions for mass, momentum and transverse momentum of the reconstructed LLP, and for the reconstructed vertex position coincide.", "\n\nEvents with direct production of charm, bottom and top quarks are considered as sources of background. ", "Samples of such events were produced and fully simulated. ", "In particular, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$17 \\times 10^6$$\\end{document}$ inclusive $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ events ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$9 \\times 10^6$$\\end{document}$ inclusive $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${c} {\\overline{{c}}} $$\\end{document}$ events) were produced with at least two $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ hadrons ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$c $$\\end{document}$ hadrons) in $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$1.5<\\eta <5.0$$\\end{document}$, and half a million $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${t} {\\overline{{t}}} $$\\end{document}$ events with at least one muon in the acceptance.", "\n\nEvent selection and signal determination {#Sec4}\n========================================\n\nThis analysis searches for events with pairs of displaced high-multiplicity vertices. ", "The main background is due to secondary interactions of particles with the detector material. ", "These events are discarded by a material veto, which rejects vertices in regions occupied by detector material \\[[@CR23]\\]. ", "The remaining candidates are found to be compatible with $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ events.", "Fig. ", "1Data (*black dots*) and simulated distributions after preselection normalised to unit integral. ", "There are two LLP candidates per event. ", "The simulated $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ background is shown by the filled *red histograms* with *error bars*. ", "The *dashed* (*blue*), *dotted* (*purple*) and *solid* (*green*) *lines* are distributions for fully simulated signal models. ", "The subplots show **a** number of tracks used to reconstruct the LLP candidates, **b** LLP transverse momentum, **c** LLP invariant mass, **d** radial distance, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy}$$\\end{document}$, **e** uncertainty of the radial position, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma _\\mathrm{R}$$\\end{document}$, and **f** uncertainty of the longitudinal position, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma _\\mathrm{Z}$$\\end{document}$, of the LLP vertex Fig. ", "2Distributions for **a** the LLP distance of flight from the PV, and, **b** the radial distance of the LLP vertex, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy}$$\\end{document}$. The fully simulated signal models are chosen with LLP lifetimes of 5, 10, and 50 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{ps}$$\\end{document}$. Symbols are defined as in Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}\n\nFrom simulation, LLP candidates within the detector acceptance are selected by the L0 and HLT1 triggers with an efficiency of more than 85%. ", "The simulation indicates that the trigger activity is dominated by the hadronic component of the signal expected from high multiplicity events. ", "In HLT2, primary vertices and displaced vertices are reconstructed from charged tracks \\[[@CR24]\\]. ", "Genuine PVs are identified by a small radial distance from the beam axis, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy} <0.3$$\\end{document}$ mm, and must have at least 10 tracks, including at least one forward track (i.e. in the direction of the spectrometer) and one backward track. ", "Once the set of PVs is identified, all other reconstructed vertices are candidates for the decay position of LLPs. ", "The preselection requires at least one PV in the event and two LLP candidates. ", "The LLP candidates must have at least four forward tracks, no backward tracks, and a minimum invariant mass reconstructed from charged tracks larger than 3.5 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$ for one candidate, and larger than 4.5 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$ for the other. ", "In addition, the two secondary vertices must have $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy} > 0.4\\mathrm \\,mm $$\\end{document}$ and pass the material veto.", "\n\nThe preselection criteria drastically suppress the hadronic background. ", "Only 37 events (74 LLP candidates) survive from the simulated set of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$17.1 \\times 10^6$$\\end{document}$ $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ events generated in the LHCb acceptance, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.3$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$ \\text{ pb }^{-1}$$\\end{document}$. Three simulated $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${c} {\\overline{{c}}} $$\\end{document}$ events pass the selection. ", "They contain $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ hadrons and hence belong to the category of inclusive $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$, which is also the case of the two surviving $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${t} {\\overline{{t}}} $$\\end{document}$ events. ", "From the 0.62$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$ \\text{ fb }^{-1}$$\\end{document}$ data sample, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$42.9 \\times 10^3$$\\end{document}$ events are selected. ", "The $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ cross-section value measured by LHCb, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$ 288 \\pm 4 \\pm 48$$\\end{document}$ $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\upmu $$\\end{document}$b \\[[@CR25], [@CR26]\\], predicts $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$(76 \\pm 22)\\times 10^3$$\\end{document}$ events, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$1.8\\pm 0.5$$\\end{document}$ times the yield observed in data. ", "The estimate uses the next-to-leading-order POWHEG calculation \\[[@CR27]\\] to correct [Pythia]{.smallcaps}, and the detection efficiency obtained from the simulated events. ", "The measured yield has also been compared to the rate observed in LHCb by a dedicated inclusive $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ analysis, based on a topological trigger \\[[@CR28]\\]. ", "The consistency with the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ background is verified within a statistical precision of 10%.Fig. ", "3Distributions for **a** the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$p_\\mathrm{T}$$\\end{document}$of the Higgs-like candidate, and **b** its invariant mass. ", "Symbols are defined as in Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}\n\nThe shapes of the distributions of the relevant observables are compatible with the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ background. ", "Figure [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} compares the distributions for the LLP candidates taken from data and from simulated $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ events. ", "The distributions for three fully simulated signal models are also shown. ", "The mass and the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$p_\\mathrm{T}$$\\end{document}$values are calculated assuming the pion mass for each charged track. ", "Figure [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}d presents the radial distribution of the displaced vertices; the drop in the number of candidates with a vertex above $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy} \\sim 5\\mathrm \\,mm $$\\end{document}$ is due to the material veto. ", "The variables $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma _\\mathrm{R}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma _\\mathrm{Z}$$\\end{document}$ shown in Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}e, f are the position uncertainties provided by the vertex fit in the transverse distance $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy}$$\\end{document}$ and along the *z* axis, parallel to the beam. ", "The values of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma _\\mathrm{R}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma _\\mathrm{Z}$$\\end{document}$ are larger for the candidates from $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ background than for the signal because light boosted particles produce close parallel tracks, with the consequence that the vertex fit has larger uncertainties than for the decay of heavier particles producing more diverging tracks. ", "Figure [2](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"} presents the LLP distance of flight and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy}$$\\end{document}$ distributions compared to three fully simulated signal models, corresponding to $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$ values of 5, 10, and 50 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{ps}$$\\end{document}$.\n\nThe reconstructed four-vectors of the two LLPs in the event are added to form the Higgs-like candidate (di-LLP), the corresponding invariant mass and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$p_\\mathrm{T}$$\\end{document}$distributions are given in Fig.", " [3](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\nFurther cuts are applied to the preselected data, to increase the statistical sensitivity. ", "The figure of merit used is given by $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon / \\sqrt{N_d + 1}$$\\end{document}$, where $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon $$\\end{document}$ is the signal efficiency from simulation for a given selection, and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_d$$\\end{document}$ the corresponding number of candidates found in the data. ", "The baseline selection ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$) is defined by a minimum number of charged tracks on each vertex $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N^\\mathrm{track}_\\mathrm{min} = 6$$\\end{document}$, a minimum reconstructed mass $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m^\\mathrm{LLP}_\\mathrm{min} =6\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$, and maximum uncertainties from the vertex fit $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma ^\\mathrm{R}_\\mathrm{max} =0.05 \\mathrm \\,mm $$\\end{document}$, and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma ^\\mathrm{Z}_\\mathrm{max} =0.25\\mathrm \\,mm $$\\end{document}$. All the selections used in this analysis are described in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}, with the indication of the number of data events selected for a di-LLP reconstructed mass above 19 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$. Selection $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Bkg_1$$\\end{document}$ is used to model the background in the fit procedure described in Sect.", " [5](#Sec5){ref-type=\"sec\"}, selections $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_2$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Bkg_2$$\\end{document}$ are used to study systematic effects.", "Table 1Definition of the criteria used for the signal determination. ", "Selections $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_1$$\\end{document}$ are the baseline selections used in the fit, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_2$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_2$$\\end{document}$ are used for the determination of systematic effects. ", "The material veto and the requirement $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy} >0.4$$\\end{document}$ $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm \\,mm$$\\end{document}$ are applied to both LLP candidates. ", "The last column gives the number of data events selected, for a di-LLP reconstructed mass above 19 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$Selection$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N^\\mathrm{track}_\\mathrm{min}$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m^\\mathrm{LLP}_\\mathrm{min}$$\\end{document}$ ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$)$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma ^\\mathrm{R}_\\mathrm{max}$$\\end{document}$ ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm \\,mm$$\\end{document}$)$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma ^\\mathrm{Z}_\\mathrm{max}$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_\\mathrm{d}$$\\end{document}$ ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm \\,mm$$\\end{document}$)$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$660.050.25157$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_2$$\\end{document}$550.050.25387$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_1$$\\end{document}$44----23.2k$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_2$$\\end{document}$55----10.1k\n\nDetermination of the di-LLP signal {#Sec5}\n==================================\n\nThe signal yield is determined by a fit of the di-LLP invariant mass, assuming that the two LLPs are the decay products of a narrow resonance. ", "This technique is hampered by the difficulty in producing a reliable background model from simulation, despite the fact that it is reasonable to believe that only $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ events are the surviving SM component. ", "Therefore, in this analysis the alternative is chosen to infer the background model from data by relaxing the selection requirements, as given by lines $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Bkg_1$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Bkg_2$$\\end{document}$ of Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The comparison of the results obtained with the different signal and background selections is subsequently used to estimate the systematic effects.", "\n\nThe signal template is the histogram built from BV simulated events selected under the same conditions as data, i.e. $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$. The background template is the histogram obtained from data events selected by the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Bkg_1$$\\end{document}$ conditions. ", "The number of signal (background) candidates $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_s$$\\end{document}$ ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_b$$\\end{document}$) is determined by an extended maximum likelihood fit. ", "The results are given in Fig.", " [4](#Fig4){ref-type=\"fig\"} for the BV48 10 ps mH114 signal. ", "The fit $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\chi ^2/\\mathrm {ndf}$$\\end{document}$ is 0.6. ", "Note that only the portion of the di-LLP mass spectrum above 19 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$ is used, in order to be sufficiently above the mass threshold set by the selections. ", "Alternatively, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_2$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Bkg_2$$\\end{document}$ are used to assess systematic effects. ", "The fit results for the selections ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$,$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Bkg_2$$\\end{document}$), ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_2$$\\end{document}$,$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Bkg_1$$\\end{document}$) are shown in Fig.", " [5](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The corresponding fit $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\chi ^2/\\mathrm {ndf}$$\\end{document}$ values are 0.6 and 1.0. ", "The results are given in Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"} for all fully simulated signal models. ", "All fits give a negative number of signal candidates, compatible with zero. ", "These results are correlated because the data sample is in common and the di-LLP mass shapes are almost identical for the different fully simulated models as depicted in Fig.", " [3](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "A check is performed on 142 di-LLP candidates selected from simulated $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ background without the requirement on $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy}$$\\end{document}$ and with $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m^\\mathrm{LLP}_\\mathrm{min} =4\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$ for both LLPs. ", "The fitted number of signal events is $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-0.8\\pm 3.5$$\\end{document}$.\n\nThe behaviour and sensitivity of the procedure is further studied by adding a small number of signal events to the data according to a given signal model. ", "Figure [6](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the results for two models with 10 signal events added to the data. ", "The fitted $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_s$$\\end{document}$ corresponds well to the number of injected signal events.", "Fig. ", "4Results of the fit based on the model BV48 10 ps mH114. ", "In **a** log distribution and **b** linear scale with pull distribution. *", "Dots* with *error bars* are the data, the *dotted* (*red*) and the *dashed* (*green*) *histograms* show the fitted background and signal contributions, respectively. ", "The *purple histogram* is the total fitted distribution Fig. ", "5Results of the fit based on the model BV48 10ps mH114, for different combinations of signal and background selections, **a** signal from $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$ and background from $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_2$$\\end{document}$, **b** signal from $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_2$$\\end{document}$ and background from $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_1$$\\end{document}$. *Dots* with *error bars* are data, the *dashed* (*green*) *line* is the fitted signal and the *dotted* (*red*) *line* the background. ", "In both cases the fitted signal is negative. ", "The *histogram* (*blue*) is the total fitted function\n\nTable 2Values of the fitted signal and background events for the different fully simulated signal models. ", "The signal/background combinations are defined in the first rowModel($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_1$$\\end{document}$)($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_2$$\\end{document}$)($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_2$$\\end{document}$, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_1$$\\end{document}$)$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_s$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_b$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_s$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$N_s$$\\end{document}$BV48 5ps mH114$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-2.6 \\pm 4.4$$\\end{document}$163.6 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.6$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.8 \\pm 3.9$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-1.7\\pm 3.9$$\\end{document}$BV48 10ps mH114$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-3.3 \\pm 3.5$$\\end{document}$164.3 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.4$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.6 \\pm 3.1$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-3.1\\pm 3.6$$\\end{document}$BV48 15ps mH114$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-3.5 \\pm 3.6$$\\end{document}$164.5 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.5$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.4 \\pm 3.1$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-2.0\\pm 3.6$$\\end{document}$BV48 50ps mH114$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-1.4 \\pm 3.6$$\\end{document}$162.4 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.3$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-2.7 \\pm 3.4$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-2.1\\pm 4.2$$\\end{document}$BV48 100ps mH114$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-0.7 \\pm 4.1$$\\end{document}$161.7 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.4$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-3.5 \\pm 3.9$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-3.2\\pm 4.2$$\\end{document}$BV35 10ps mH114$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.3 \\pm 3.3$$\\end{document}$165.3 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.4$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-5.9 \\pm 3.1$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.6\\pm 3.5$$\\end{document}$BV20 10ps mH114$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-1.9 \\pm 1.6$$\\end{document}$162.8 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 12.9$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-2.7 \\pm 1.7$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-2.0\\pm 2.4$$\\end{document}$BV48 10ps mH100$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-1.7 \\pm 4.7$$\\end{document}$162.7 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.7$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.4 \\pm 4.4$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-5.2\\pm 4.7$$\\end{document}$BV48 10ps mH125$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-2.8 \\pm 3.5$$\\end{document}$163.8 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.4$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.1 \\pm 3.2$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-3.2\\pm 3.6$$\\end{document}$BV55 10ps mH114$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-3.1 \\pm 3.7$$\\end{document}$164.1 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.5$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.6 \\pm 3.4$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-1.1\\pm 3.7$$\\end{document}$BV55 10ps mH125$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-2.6 \\pm 3.5$$\\end{document}$163.6 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm \\, 13.4$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-4.0 \\pm 3.2$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$-3.9\\pm 3.8$$\\end{document}$\n\nFig. ", "6Results of the fit to the data to which 10 signal events have been added randomly chosen following the signal model. ", "For the theoretical model BV48 10 ps mH100, in **a**, the fitted signal is $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$11.1\\pm 7.0$$\\end{document}$ events; for BV48 10 ps mH125, in **b**, the result is $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$9.3\\pm 5.6$$\\end{document}$ events\n\nAn alternative fit procedure has been applied, using parameterised signal and background templates. ", "The sum of two exponential functions is used for the background, and an exponential convolved with a Gaussian function for the signal. ", "The results are consistent with a null signal for all the models.", "\n\nAs a final check a two-dimensional sideband subtraction method (\"ABCD method\" \\[[@CR29]\\]) has been applied in the reconstructed mass of one LLP and the number of tracks of the other LLP, also giving results consistent with zero signal.", "\n\nDetection efficiency and systematic uncertainties {#Sec6}\n=================================================\n\nThe determination of the detection efficiency is based on simulated events. ", "The geometrical acceptance for the detection of one $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1}$$\\end{document}$ in LHCb is, depending on the model, between 20 and 30%. ", "After selection $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm Sel_1$$\\end{document}$ the predicted total di-LLP detection efficiency is in the range 0.1--1% for most of the models. ", "Potential discrepancies between simulation and data are considered as sources of systematic uncertainties. ", "Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type=\"table\"} summarises the contributions of the systematic uncertainties, which are valid for all fully simulated models, dominated by the 15% contribution from the trigger.", "Table 3Contributions to the systematic uncertainty for fully simulated models. ", "For the analysis based on the fast simulation the same total systematic uncertainty is adopted augmented by 5% to account for the relative imprecision of the fast and full simulations. ", "The contributions from the signal and the data-driven background models used in the di-LLP mass fit are discussed in the textSource%Trigger15Track reconstruction5Vertex reconstruction4$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$p_\\mathrm{T}$$\\end{document}$ and mass calibration6Material veto4PV multiplicity0.1Beam line position0.7Theoretical model9.9Integrated luminosity$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$1.7$$\\end{document}$ Total$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$20.5$$\\end{document}$ \n\nThe consistency between the trigger efficiency in data and simulation is checked by selecting LLP events with an independent trigger, designed for the detection of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${J /\\psi }$$\\end{document}$ events. ", "Comparing the fraction of the data that also passes the double-LLP selection with the corresponding fraction in simulated inclusive $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${J /\\psi }$$\\end{document}$ events, consistent efficiencies are found within a statistical uncertainty of 30%. ", "A more precise result is obtained when requiring only a single LLP candidate \\[[@CR9]\\] and assuming uncorrelated contributions from the two LLPs to determine the efficiency for detecting two LLPs in coincidence. ", "A maximum discrepancy between data and simulation of 15% is inferred, which is the value adopted.", "\n\nThe consistency between the track reconstruction efficiency in data and simulation is studied by a comparison of the number of tracks selected in displaced vertices from $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ events. ", "The average number of tracks per LLP in data is higher than in simulated events by about 0.07 tracks. ", "Assuming that this small effect is entirely due to a difference in tracking efficiency, the overall di-LLP detection efficiency changes by at most 5%.Table 4Detection efficiency with total uncertainty, and upper limits at 95% CL on the cross-section times branching ratio for the process $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$ pp \\rightarrow \\mathrm {h}^0X$$\\end{document}$, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm {h}^0\\rightarrow \\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1} \\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1} \\rightarrow 6q$$\\end{document}$ for the fully simulated modelsModelEfficiency (%)Expected upper limit ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm pb$$\\end{document}$)Observed upper limit ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm pb$$\\end{document}$)BV48 5ps mH1140.528 ± 0.1143.2$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.1}_{- 1.1}$$\\end{document}$3.5BV48 10ps mH1140.925 ± 0.1941.8$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.2}_{- 0.6}$$\\end{document}$1.7BV48 15ps mH1140.966 ± 0.2081.8$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.2}_{- 0.6}$$\\end{document}$1.6BV48 50ps mH1140.419 ± 0.0904.6$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.9}_{- 1.6}$$\\end{document}$4.4BV48 100ps mH1140.171 ± 0.03711.9$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 7.1}_{- 3.8}$$\\end{document}$12.3BV35 10ps mH1140.268 ± 0.0585.6$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.8}_{- 2.0}$$\\end{document}$4.9BV20 10ps mH1140.016 ± 0.00352$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 38}_{- 20}$$\\end{document}$54BV48 10ps mH1000.864 ± 0.1862.5$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.6}_{- 0.8}$$\\end{document}$2.6BV48 10ps mH1250.771 ± 0.1662.0$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.4}_{- 0.7}$$\\end{document}$2.0BV55 10ps mH1140.851 ± 0.1831.9$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.3}_{- 0.7}$$\\end{document}$1.9BV55 10ps mH1250.937 ± 0.2011.7$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.1}_{- 0.6}$$\\end{document}$1.7\n\nThe vertex reconstruction efficiency is affected by the tracking efficiency and resolution. ", "A study of vertices from $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$B^0 \\rightarrow {{J /\\psi }} {{K} ^{*0}} $$\\end{document}$ with $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${{J /\\psi }} \\!\\rightarrow {\\mu ^{+}\\mu ^{-}} $$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${{K} ^{*0}} \\rightarrow K^{+} \\pi ^{-}$$\\end{document}$ has shown that the data and simulation detection efficiencies for this four-prong process agree within 7.5% \\[[@CR9]\\]. ", "This has been evaluated to correspond at most to a 4% discrepancy between the di-LLP efficiency in data and simulation.", "\n\nA maximum mismatch of 10% on both the transverse momentum and mass scales is inferred from the comparison of data and simulated $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ distributions, which propagates to a 6% contribution to the systematic uncertainty.", "\n\nThe effect of the material veto corresponds to a reduction of the geometrical acceptance and depends mainly on the LLP lifetime. ", "An analysis with the requirement of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy} < 4\\mathrm \\,mm $$\\end{document}$ allows to infer a maximum systematic uncertainty of 4%.", "\n\nA small contribution to the systematic uncertainty of 0.1% is determined by reweighting the simulated events to match the PV multiplicity in the data.", "\n\nThe uncertainty on the position of the beam line is less than 20$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\,\\upmu \\mathrm m}$$\\end{document}$  \\[[@CR30]\\]. ", "It can affect the secondary vertex selection, mainly via the requirement on $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy}$$\\end{document}$. By altering the PV position in simulated signal events, the maximum effect on the di-LLP selection efficiency is 0.7%.", "\n\nThe Higgs-like particle production model is mainly affected by the uncertainty on the parton luminosity. ", "A maximum variation of the detection efficiency of 9.5% is obtained following the prescriptions given in \\[[@CR31]\\]. ", "A second contribution of 3% is obtained by reweighting the [Pythia]{.smallcaps} generated events to match a recent calculation of the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$p_\\mathrm{T}$$\\end{document}$distributions \\[[@CR32]\\]. ", "The total theoretical uncertainty is 9.9%, obtained by summing in quadrature the mentioned contributions.", "\n\nIn addition to the systematic uncertainty on the detection efficiency, the following contributions have been considered. ", "The uncertainty on the integrated luminosity is 1.7% \\[[@CR33]\\]. ", "As previously stated, the uncertainty on the momentum scale and the invariant mass scale is smaller than 10%. ", "This value is also assumed for the di-LLP mass calibration. ", "To assess the impact on the signal measurement, pseudoexperiments are produced with 10 events of simulated signal added to the background following the nominal signal distribution but with the di-LLP mass value scaled by $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm 10\\%$$\\end{document}$. The subsequent maximum variation of the fitted number of events is $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\pm 1.6$$\\end{document}$, for all the signal hypotheses. ", "The uncertainty due to the shape of the background template is obtained by comparing the number of fitted events obtained with the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_1$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm B\\,kg_2$$\\end{document}$ selections. ", "The change is less than one event, for all the signal models. ", "The difference in data and simulation in the di-LLP mass resolution and the statistical precision of the signal templates used in the fit have a negligible effect. ", "Hence, a fit uncertainty of ±2 events is considered in the calculation of the cross-section upper limits.", "\n\nFor the analysis based on the fast simulation, a 5% uncertainty is added to account for the relative imprecision of the fast simulation with respect to the full simulation, as explained in Sect.", " [3](#Sec3){ref-type=\"sec\"}.", "\n\nResults {#Sec7}\n=======\n\nThe 95% confidence level (CL) upper limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio are presented in Table [4](#Tab4){ref-type=\"table\"}, for the fully simulated models, based on the CLs approach \\[[@CR34]\\]. ", "The fast simulation allows the exploration of a larger region of parameter space. ", "The cross-section times branching fraction upper limits at 95% CL for benchmark theoretical models are shown in Fig.", " [7](#Fig7){ref-type=\"fig\"} (the corresponding tables are given in Appendix [C](#Sec12){ref-type=\"sec\"}).", "\n\nThe estimated detection efficiencies can be found in Appendix [B](#Sec11){ref-type=\"sec\"}, Tables [6](#Tab6){ref-type=\"table\"} and [7](#Tab7){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The efficiency increases with $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$ because more particles are produced in the decay of heavier LLPs. ", "This effect is only partially counteracted by the loss of particles outside of the spectrometer acceptance, which is especially the case with heavier Higgs-like particles. ", "Another competing phenomenon is that the lower boost of heavier LLPs results in a shorter average flight length, i.e. the requirement of a minimum $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy}$$\\end{document}$ disfavours heavy LLPs. ", "The cut on $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$R_\\mathrm{xy}$$\\end{document}$ is more efficient at selecting LLPs with large lifetimes, but for lifetimes larger than $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sim $$\\end{document}$ $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$50\\,\\mathrm{ps} $$\\end{document}$ a portion of the decays falls into the material region and is discarded. ", "Finally, a drop of sensitivity is expected for LLPs with a lifetime close to the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$b $$\\end{document}$ hadron lifetimes, where the contamination from $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${b} {\\overline{{b}}} $$\\end{document}$ events becomes important, especially for low mass LLPs.", "Fig. ", "7Expected (*open dots* with 1$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma $$\\end{document}$ and 2$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\sigma $$\\end{document}$ bands) and observed (*full dots*) upper limits at 95% confidence level, **a**--**c** shown for different masses of the Higgs-like particle, **d**, **f** for different LLP lifetimes, and **e** as a function of the LLP mass. ", "The values of the other parameters are indicated on the plots. ", "Results inferred from the fast simulation\n\nConclusion {#Sec8}\n==========\n\nA search for Higgs-like bosons decaying into two long-lived particles decaying hadronically has been carried out using data from *pp* collisions at 7$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm {\\,Te V}$$\\end{document}$ collected with the LHCb detector, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$0.62$$\\end{document}$ $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$ \\text{ fb }^{-1}$$\\end{document}$.\n\nThe model used to describe the LLP decay is an mSUGRA process in which the lightest neutralino $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tilde{\\chi }^{0}_{1} $$\\end{document}$ decays through a baryon number violating coupling to three quarks. ", "Upper limits have been placed on the production cross-section for Higgs-like boson masses from 80 to 140 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$, LLP masses in the range 20--60 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$, and LLP lifetimes in the range of 5--100 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{ps}$$\\end{document}$. The number of candidates is determined by the di-LLP invariant mass fit with signal templates inferred from simulation, and background estimates from data. ", "For the explored parameter space of the theory all results, which are correlated, are consistent with zero. ", "Upper limits at 95% CL for cross-section times branching ratio of 1 to 5$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm pb$$\\end{document}$ are inferred for most of the considered parameter range. ", "They are below 2$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm pb$$\\end{document}$ for the decay of a 125 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$ Higgs-like particle in two LLPs with mass in the 48--60 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$ range and 10 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{ps}$$\\end{document}$ lifetime.", "\n\nAppendices {#Sec9}\n==========\n\nFully simulated signal datasets {#Sec10}\n===============================\n\nTable [5](#Tab5){ref-type=\"table\"} shows the parameters used to generate the 11 fully simulated signal models with [Pythia]{.smallcaps}  6. ", "The Higgs-like boson is produced by gluon-gluon fusion. ", "In the table M$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$_1$$\\end{document}$ corresponds to the [Pythia]{.smallcaps} parameter RMSS(1), and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tan {\\beta }$$\\end{document}$  to RMSS(5). ", "In addition, M$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$_2$$\\end{document}$ (RMSS(2)) is set at 250 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mu $$\\end{document}$ (RMSS(4)) has the value 140. ", "A $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$ value of 125 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$ requires RMSS(16) = 2300.Table 5Parameters of the signal models generated by [Pythia]{.smallcaps} and fully simulatedModelM$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$_1$$\\end{document}$ ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$)$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tan {\\beta }$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} $$\\end{document}$ ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$)$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}} $$\\end{document}$ ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$)$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}} $$\\end{document}$ ($\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{ps}$$\\end{document}$)BV48 5ps mH114625114485BV48 10ps mH1146251144810BV48 15ps mH1146251144815BV48 50ps mH1146251144850BV48 100ps mH11462511448100BV35 10ps mH1144651143510BV20 10ps mH1142851142010BV48 10ps mH100712.41004810BV48 10ps mH1256081254810BV55 10ps mH114715.11145510BV55 10ps mH125696.21255510\n\nDetection efficiencies {#Sec11}\n======================\n\nTable [6](#Tab6){ref-type=\"table\"} gives the detection efficiency as a function of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$, the LLP lifetime is 10 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{ps}$$\\end{document}$. Table [7](#Tab7){ref-type=\"table\"} gives the efficiency as a function of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$, assuming $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} =114\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$.Table 6Detection efficiency values in percent estimated by the fast simulation as a function of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$. The LLP lifetime is 10 ps. ", "The statistical uncertainty is 10% for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon \\sim 0.02\\%$$\\end{document}$, 5 % for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon \\sim 0.1\\%$$\\end{document}$, 3% for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon \\sim 0.5\\%$$\\end{document}$, and 2% for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon \\sim 1\\%$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$ $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{(GeV/c^2)}$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$ (GeV/c$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^2$$\\end{document}$)2025303540485560800.0350.1260.2760.514--------900.0270.0840.2130.4560.699------950.0230.0770.2030.4140.689------1000.0250.0730.1840.3680.6470.858----1050.0180.0660.1390.3240.5741.018----1100.0170.0530.1460.2910.5251.016----1140.0140.0480.1340.2590.4720.9630.817--1200.0160.0470.1070.2220.4020.8361.013--1250.0090.0420.0970.2250.3770.7650.997--1300.0140.0370.0850.1910.3250.7080.9140.9911400.0020.0310.0750.1630.2770.5660.7820.881\n\nTable 7Detection efficiency in percent estimated by the fast simulation as a function of the $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$, for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$ = 114 GeV/c$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^2$$\\end{document}$. The statistical uncertainty is 10% for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon \\sim 0.02\\%$$\\end{document}$, 5 % for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon \\sim 0.1\\%$$\\end{document}$, 3% for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon \\sim 0.5\\%$$\\end{document}$, and 2% for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\epsilon \\sim 1\\%$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$ $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\mathrm{(ps)}$$\\end{document}$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}}$$\\end{document}$ (GeV/c$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^2$$\\end{document}$)2025303540485550.0210.0530.1290.2340.3660.5450.289100.0140.0480.1340.2590.4720.9630.817150.0130.0420.1130.1980.3890.9321.052200.0070.0350.0830.1740.3380.8341.150250.0060.0340.0730.1480.2890.7311.126300.0050.0260.0660.1280.2410.6431.091400.0030.0170.0440.1140.1930.4900.960500.0040.0150.0350.0820.1570.3970.806700.0020.0090.0210.0620.1040.2800.5961000.0010.0050.0150.0330.0710.1780.383\n\nCross-section upper limits tables {#Sec12}\n=================================\n\nExpected and observed 95% CL cross-section times branching ratio upper limits for benchmark models, from the fast simulation. ", "Tables [8](#Tab8){ref-type=\"table\"} and [9](#Tab9){ref-type=\"table\"} give the limits as a function of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} $$\\end{document}$, covering LLP masses from 35 to 60 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}} =10\\,\\mathrm{ps} $$\\end{document}$. Table [10](#Tab10){ref-type=\"table\"}: limits as a function of the LLP lifetime for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} =100\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}} =40\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$, and for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} =125\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}} =48\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$. Table [11](#Tab11){ref-type=\"table\"}: limits as a function of the LLP mass, for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} =125\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}} =10\\,\\mathrm{ps} $$\\end{document}$.Table 8Expected and observed 95% CL cross-section times branching ratio upper limits as a function of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$, with $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}} =35\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$, and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}} =10\\,\\mathrm{ps} $$\\end{document}$, estimated by the fast simulationModelExpected upper limit (pb)Observed upper limit (pb)BV35 10ps mH806.49$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.94}_{- 2.16}$$\\end{document}$6.20BV35 10ps mH905.50$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.42}_{- 1.89}$$\\end{document}$4.56BV35 10ps mH955.42$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.41}_{- 1.88}$$\\end{document}$4.06BV35 10ps mH1005.55$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.52}_{- 1.92}$$\\end{document}$4.45BV35 10ps mH1055.92$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.79}_{- 2.06}$$\\end{document}$4.78BV35 10ps mH1105.94$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.79}_{- 2.06}$$\\end{document}$4.56BV35 10ps mH1146.07$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.92}_{- 2.11}$$\\end{document}$4.77BV35 10ps mH1206.79$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 4.42}_{- 2.39}$$\\end{document}$5.47BV35 10ps mH1257.21$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 4.70}_{- 2.54}$$\\end{document}$6.03BV35 10ps mH1307.28$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 4.83}_{- 2.59}$$\\end{document}$7.08BV35 10ps mH1407.95$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 5.32}_{- 2.85}$$\\end{document}$6.35\n\nTable 9Expected and observed 95% CL cross-section times branching ratio upper limits as a function of $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0}$$\\end{document}$, for LLP masses of 40, 48, 55, and 60 $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2}$$\\end{document}$, $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}} =10\\,\\mathrm{ps} $$\\end{document}$, estimated by the fast simulationModelExpected upper limit (pb)Observed upper limit (pb)BV40 10ps mH903.57$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.23}_{- 1.18}$$\\end{document}$3.04BV40 10ps mH953.52$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.18}_{- 1.17}$$\\end{document}$2.96BV40 10ps mH1003.55$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.12}_{- 1.16}$$\\end{document}$2.86BV40 10ps mH1053.49$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.19}_{- 1.18}$$\\end{document}$2.77BV40 10ps mH1103.59$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.32}_{- 1.21}$$\\end{document}$2.93BV40 10ps mH1143.76$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.38}_{- 1.30}$$\\end{document}$2.99BV40 10ps mH1204.07$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.63}_{- 1.42}$$\\end{document}$3.20BV40 10ps mH1254.04$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.66}_{- 1.43}$$\\end{document}$3.07BV40 10ps mH1304.55$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.98}_{- 1.61}$$\\end{document}$3.63BV40 10ps mH1404.71$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.14}_{- 1.69}$$\\end{document}$3.79BV48 10ps mH1002.78$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.75}_{- 0.95}$$\\end{document}$2.23BV48 10ps mH1052.17$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.36}_{- 0.74}$$\\end{document}$1.73BV48 10ps mH1101.99$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.24}_{- 0.69}$$\\end{document}$1.56BV48 10ps mH1142.02$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.29}_{- 0.70}$$\\end{document}$1.65BV48 10ps mH1202.07$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.34}_{- 0.71}$$\\end{document}$1.68BV48 10ps mH1252.12$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.38}_{- 0.74}$$\\end{document}$1.74BV48 10ps mH1302.22$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.45}_{- 0.78}$$\\end{document}$1.80BV48 10ps mH1402.49$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.65}_{- 0.89}$$\\end{document}$1.98BV55 10ps mH1301.94$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.27}_{- 0.69}$$\\end{document}$1.76BV55 10ps mH1401.93$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.26}_{- 0.69}$$\\end{document}$1.75BV60 10ps mH1301.79$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.16}_{- 0.63}$$\\end{document}$1.52BV60 10ps mH1401.86$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.21}_{- 0.66}$$\\end{document}$1.48\n\nTable 10Expected and observed 95% CL cross-section times branching ratio upper limits as a function of the LLP lifetime, for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} = 100\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}} =40\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$, and for $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} = 125\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{{LLP}} =48\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$, estimated by the fast simulationModelExpected upper limit (pb)Observed upper limit (pb)BV40 5ps mH1005.36$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.36}_{- 1.85}$$\\end{document}$4.11BV40 10ps mH1003.55$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.12}_{- 1.16}$$\\end{document}$2.86BV40 15ps mH1003.76$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.34}_{- 1.26}$$\\end{document}$2.98BV40 20ps mH1004.41$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.73}_{- 1.49}$$\\end{document}$3.63BV40 25ps mH1005.21$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.23}_{- 1.75}$$\\end{document}$4.20BV40 30ps mH1006.32$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 3.95}_{- 2.13}$$\\end{document}$5.10BV40 50ps mH10010.5$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 6.5}_{- 3.6}$$\\end{document}$9.0BV40 70ps mH10017.0$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 10.6}_{- 5.8}$$\\end{document}$13.8BV40 100ps mH10026.7$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 16.5}_{- 9.1}$$\\end{document}$22.1BV48 5ps mH1253.19$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.06}_{- 1.14}$$\\end{document}$2.54BV48 10ps mH1252.12$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.38}_{- 0.74}$$\\end{document}$1.74BV48 15ps mH1252.38$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.50}_{- 0.86}$$\\end{document}$1.98BV48 20ps mH1252.80$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.76}_{- 0.95}$$\\end{document}$2.37BV48 25ps mH1253.31$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.11}_{- 1.15}$$\\end{document}$2.57BV48 30ps mH1253.76$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.38}_{- 1.28}$$\\end{document}$2.99BV48 50ps mH1256.45$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 4.09}_{- 2.26}$$\\end{document}$5.63BV48 70ps mH1259.86$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 6.23}_{- 3.42}$$\\end{document}$9.74BV48 100ps mH12516.9$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 10.6}_{- 5.8}$$\\end{document}$13.2\n\nTable 11Expected and observed 95% CL cross-section times branching ratio upper limits as a function of the LLP mass, with $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$m_\\mathrm{h^0} =125\\,{\\mathrm {Ge V\\!/}c^2} $$\\end{document}$ and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\tau _\\mathrm{{LLP}} =10\\,\\mathrm{ps} $$\\end{document}$, estimated by the fast simulationModelExpected upper limit (pb)Observed upper limit (pb)BV20 10ps mH12595.3$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 64.9}_{- 34.7}$$\\end{document}$112.6BV25 10ps mH12531.4$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 21.0}_{- 11.3}$$\\end{document}$22.5BV30 10ps mH12513.6$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 9.1}_{- 4.9}$$\\end{document}$10.9BV35 10ps mH1257.21$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 4.70}_{- 2.54}$$\\end{document}$6.03BV40 10ps mH1254.04$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 2.66}_{- 1.43}$$\\end{document}$3.07BV48 10ps mH1252.12$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.38}_{- 0.74}$$\\end{document}$1.74BV55 10ps mH1251.81$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.17}_{- 0.63}$$\\end{document}$1.50BV60 10ps mH1252.18$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$^{+ 1.40}_{- 0.76}$$\\end{document}$1.64\n\nWe express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC. ", "We thank the technical and administrative staff at the LHCb institutes. ", "We acknowledge support from CERN and from the national agencies: CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ and FINEP (Brazil); NSFC (China); CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG and MPG (Germany); INFN (Italy); FOM and NWO (The Netherlands); MNiSW and NCN (Poland); MEN/IFA (Romania); MinES and FANO (Russia); MinECo (Spain); SNSF and SER (Switzerland); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); NSF (USA). ", "We acknowledge the computing resources that are provided by CERN, IN2P3 (France), KIT and DESY (Germany), INFN (Italy), SURF (The Netherlands), PIC (Spain), GridPP (United Kingdom), RRCKI and Yandex LLC (Russia), CSCS (Switzerland), IFIN-HH (Romania), CBPF (Brazil), PL-GRID (Poland) and OSC (USA). ", "We are indebted to the communities behind the multiple open source software packages on which we depend. ", "Individual groups or members have received support from AvH Foundation (Germany), EPLANET, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions and ERC (European Union), Conseil Général de Haute-Savoie, Labex ENIGMASS and OCEVU, Région Auvergne (France), RFBR and Yandex LLC (Russia), GVA, XuntaGal and GENCAT (Spain), Herchel Smith Fund, The Royal Society, Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 and the Leverhulme Trust (United Kingdom).", "\n" ]

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[ "« Previous Chapter Next Chapter »\n\nI’m sorry for the late update, I found a great Chinese app that recommends popular novels that I loooove, guehuehuehue.", "\n\nThank you all for the well wishes for my competition, the piece was uploaded online but I won’t share, cause someone really messed up and I’m pissed at that person.", "\n\nThe uniform makes me look like a sales person. ", ":X\n\nBook 1 Chapter 18: The Mystery of Thunderbolts (2)\n\n\n\nCangyu hesitated for a while “Feng, hoho, you know, winter is almost here, the amount of stored food is far from enough, you are now the master hunter, everyone wants to hear your opinion on what should we do.”", "\n\nAs the master hunter, his position in Tiger Cliff Castle was entirely different, not only did he need to hunt for himself but he also needs to participate in the planning of the big hunts in Tiger Cliff Castle. ", "XinFeng mused for a moment, he was not truly a 16 year old, adding his age from his past life, his age would not be lesser than the people here.", "\n\n“Patriarch, everyone, my grandfather had gone out, this period of time I must stay at Tiger Cliff Castle, en, wait until my grandfather returns and then I will once again assemble a big hunt, I will be in charge of hunting bulls, do not worry, I will be sure to then supply everyone with enough bulls, the participants only need to transport the bulls, this winter we will not be lacking in food.” (", "Feng)\n\n“Also, when we go out to hunt, we still must be careful of the Lead Eagle’s men.” (", "Feng)\n\nEveryone nodded in agreement,even though the past battles with Lead Eagle had casualties from both sides, it had never been as brutal as the recent battle, with a dozen fatalities.", "\n\nAs for hunting bulls, they did not have much opinion on it, a trip companied with Xinfeng’s thousand Lun master level, killing bulls would be an easy task, at that time they could receive many food supplies and surviving the winter would not be a problem anymore.", "\n\nAs the patriarch had seen Xinfeng’s true strength before, towards Xinfeng’s promise, he excluded joy “That’s good, that’s good.”", "\n\nHe discussed with the others for a while more, at this point, time cannot be wasted, the hunters will still go out, but they cannot stay outside for too long, and they must also stay in the vicinity, so that they can return immediately after hearing a signal.", "\n\nWhen XinFeng has the time, they would be available to leave at anytime.", "\n\nAfter some more discussion, Cangyu left along with the rest.", "\n\nXinFeng returned to the small wooden hut and sat there dazed, thinking back to grandfather’s words.", "\n\nHe was not like his past self, not knowing of much, he had now his own opinion on Lunli, especially Lei Lunli, in his eyes, this was a way to use a type of power, but, this power had another use. ", "He may be unfamiliar with his power but he could had great knowledge of electricity from his past life.", "\n\nIf it was other types of Lunli like An Lunli or Jin Lunli, then he would be practically useless. ", "But electricity is something familiar to him as in his past life he was a electrician, which is why his brain was filled with many ideas, but currently had no way to apply it to the Lei Lunli of this world, after all he only trained for a small time, and had many parts he was still not sure about Lei Lunli.", "\n\n(Putty: An=暗 Means dark. ", "Jin=金 Means gold.)", "\n\nWhen Lei Lunli was first produced, it was a as if friable round shape which he could not see, but could feel, after compressing it, Lei Lunli became a Lei ring, at that moment, XinFeng noticed the Lunchang space he had in his body became much bigger, originally the size of a fist became a circular space about 2 meters long.", "\n\nActually it had already became the size of a football after reaching a thousand Lun, only his training speed was so fast that before he could notice, he had already reached a thousand Lun.", "\n\nSo, XinFeng noticed the large Lunchang space he had, his heart filled with joy, a space about 2 feet could put many things, rivaling a normal bag from his past life, this means he was constantly carrying a that cannot be seen and is also able to carry items of any weight, this is far too convenient.", "\n\nXinFeng did not know his Lunchang space was very special, the average Thousand Lun master had at most a feet long Lunchang space, while the most of the Thousand Lun masters had barely a feet long, this was because of Lei Lunli’s rarity and also another advantage of being struck by lightning.", "\n\nHowever, even though his Lunchang space became bigger, XinFeng had nothing to store, it was impossible to think of storing food inside.", "\n\n……\n\nThe old man Leibao chased the thunderclouds, his strength increasing rapidly, also noticing that his Lunchang space had enlarged, this was much bigger than Xinfeng’s, reaching the space of about 20 meters, he radiated happiness, his Lunchang space revealed a very small space not even reaching the length of a foot.", "\n\nOther than some Lun rings and Lun stamp rings, he had 5 burst lightning needles, at that time, he could barely use the needles, it was prepared as a desperate suicide method. ", "The rest of his things was sealed away, if he did not regain his true power, this things will forever stay at his Lunchang space, and after his death, onto the ground, becoming a treasure, bringing riches to whoever who finds it.", "\n\nThe items known as inconspicuous in the past, after 40 to 50 painful years, became extremely precious.", "\n\nThe old man sighed, looking at the far away clouds, he did not feel like chasing it anymore, a dozen days had already passed, he was rather worried about his grandchildren and did not have any thoughts of staying in the wild, he was different from his past self, in the past he would do whatever he wanted without any hesitation.", "\n\n“Now to return home!”", "\n\nThe old man Leibao flew towards Tiger Cliff Castle with speed like lighting, sudden he saw a giant mountain peak, it’s shape as if a eagle preparing to take flight, the old man Leibao slowed down.", "\n\nLead Eagles!", "\n\nThe old man Leibao was a tyrannical master in his prime, the amount of people he killed uncountable, his enemies everywhere, with his strength, if he wanted to eradicate the whole of Lead Eagles, a slap of the hand would be able to collapse the whole mountain and murder everyone on it.", "\n\nAfter thinking for a moment, the old man suddenly felt bored, silently muttering “Let’s leave this to Feng, that kid is still lacking training.” ", "And speedily flew towards Tiger Cliff Castle.", "\n\n……\n\nXinFeng in this period of time trained nonstop, his Lei Lunli still increasing non stop, already reaching three thousand Lunli, this type of rapid increase make him feel extremely pleased and also a feeling of accomplishment, he hoped to quickly reach Milun master level, at that time he would be able to leave Tiger Cliff Castle.", "\n\nToday, XinFeng and Xinyao both busily focused on cutting the dried bull hide and packing it.", "\n\n“Sis, you go and check, which houses do we have to give bull hides to.” (", "Feng)\n\nIn Tiger Cliff Castle, the little lady’s fame was not small, in their most hardest time, many people helped them. ", "The both of them decided on giving bull hides, as the armor hunters wore needed it, it was the most practical gift.", "\n\nThis gift would not be rejected as most households kept it for future use, like how auntie Qing gave them a piece of bull hide and that they could not refuse it.", "\n\nTwo whole pieces of bull hide is extremely large, after tanning it, it became very tough, luckily XinFeng had high strength, cutting it was rather easy for him.", "\n\nWhile the two of them did their jobs, the door opened and Leibao walked in, smiling “I’m home!”", "\n\nXinFeng and Xinyao both felt overjoyed, they both expected Leibao to not come back after a long time, and did not expect him to return in ten days.", "\n\nIn a glance, XinFeng noticed that the old man was totally different, the wrinkles much lesser on his face and his aura as if a young man, and the most noticeable was the slight feel of threat, letting people feel rather scared, luckily he was his own grandfather, XinFeng also knew the old man was very good to him, and he would not be in danger, but the feel of threat made him feel uncomfortable “Grandfather, you….”", "\n\nLeibao leaked a smile, kneeling down, he caught the running Xinyao “Yaoyao, did you miss me?”", "\n\n“I missed you, I missed you everyday!” (", "Yaoyao)\n\nLeibao laughed “Yaoyao is the best.”", "\n\nIf it was 40-50 years ago, anyone that noticed Leibao would go crazy at this sight, the old man at that time wasn’t like this, even speaking peacefully was a rare sight, then why would he be so gentle now?", "\n\nWhile hugging Xinyao, the old man asked “Did you prepare the bull hide to trade for food?”", "\n\n“Brother said that those people that helped Yaoyao needs to be thanked.” (", "Yaoyao)\n\nLeibao nodded “Yeah, they were so kind to our precious Yaoyao, we should thank them, hoho.”", "\n\nXinyao asked “Grandfather, how is your……injury?” ", "He always knew grandfather had a problem in his body but the old man was very prideful and so he never asked, seeing the old man’s big change, he could not help but ask.", "\n\nThe old man nodded “This I must thank Feng’s good luck that shared itself with me, haha!”", "\n\nThen he added “I plan to give you something good.”", "\n\nXinFeng got excited and asked “What good thing?” ", "The last time the old man gave him a burst lightning needle which strength greatly left an impression in his mind.", "\n\n« Previous Chapter Next Chapter »" ]

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[ "Management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in male veterans.", "\nTo determine whether glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in male veterans was managed in accordance with American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines. ", "These guidelines recommend bone mineral density (BMD) determination at the initiation of long-term therapy with prednisone > or =7.5 mg/d, provision of hormone replacement therapy as needed, calcium and vitamin D supplementation as necessary, and antiresorptive therapy for low BMD. ", "Patients receiving prednisone > or =7.5 mg/d throughout a predefined six-month period were identified through a hospital pharmacy database. ", "Electronic and paper chart review was carried out to determine whether BMD measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry had been performed. ", "Supplemental calcium and vitamin D intake was assessed for each patient. ", "In addition, pharmacy records were reviewed to determine whether antiresorptive therapy was prescribed for patients with low BMD. ", "The Wm. ", "S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI. ", "Seventy-two men met study criteria. ", "They had been receiving oral prednisone treatment for a median of 30 months (range 6-74); mean daily dosage during the six-month study period was 12.5 mg (range 7.5-37.5). ", "Extensive record review revealed that only six patients (8%) received recommended calcium and vitamin D, and only 43 (60%) had a BMD determination. ", "Of those 43 men, 32 had T-scores below -1, therefore meeting ACR criteria for recommended antiresorptive therapy. ", "However, only 12 of these 32 patients were prescribed antiresorptive therapy. ", "Although this study was not designed to evaluate differences among clinics, there appeared to be better adherence to ACR guidelines for patients cared for in a rheumatology specialty clinic than in other clinics at the institution. ", "Adherence to ACR guidelines for management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis was poor. ", "Efforts to improve the prevention and management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in male veterans are warranted." ]

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nHydatid cyst (cystic echinococcosis, CE), a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of dog tapeworm *Echinococcus granulosus*, has been identified as a major public health and economic problem in developing countries, including Iran ([@B1]). ", "The dog is the definitive host, where adult tapeworms attached to the intestinal epithelium, and humans as well as domestic livestock can be the intermediate host, where the worms form hydatid cysts in various organs ([@B2]).", "\n\nIn CE, clinical manifestations are mostly related to the localization, size, and number of cysts. ", "There seemed to be a relationship between the genotypes and the size of hydatid cysts, in which all the patients infected with G7 genotype showed smaller liver cysts than those infected with G1 genotype ([@B3]). ", "Molecular epidemiological data have identified 10 distinct genotypes of *E. granulosus* (G1--G10): *E. granulosus sensustricto* (G1, G2, G3), *Echinococcus equines* (G4), *E. ortleppi* (G5), *E. intermedius* (G6, G7, G8, G10) ([@B4]). ", "In Iran, to date, three genotypes have been found including G1, G3, and G6 genotypes in humans and animals in different regions ([@B5]). ", "Sheep, buffalo, and camels that are among common livestock in Iran are considered as main reservoirs of genotypes G1, G3, and G6, respectively ([@B6]). ", "Reviews on the incidence of *E. granulosus* have reported that G1 (common sheep strain) is the most predominant genotype in Iran ([@B6]) and also most parts of the world ([@B4]). ", "Studies have demonstrated that the, cytochrome *c* oxidase subunit 1 (*cox*1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (*nad*1) genes are good molecular markers for investigating genetic variation in a number of isolates of *E. granulosus* from a range of hosts (i.e., cattle, sheep, and goat) in Iran ([@B5], [@B7]). ", "Moreover, mitochondrial genomes have the ability to eliminate some limitations in *Echinococcus* taxonomy ([@B8]).", "\n\nRecently, Parsa et al ([@B9]) have demonstrated three genotypes (G1 \\[75%\\], G2 \\[10%\\] and G3 \\[15%\\]) from the *E. granulosus*isolates of 71 stray dogs, from Lorestan province, western Iran using DNA sequencing of the partial mitochondrial *cox1* and *nad1* ([@B9]). ", "However, no genotyping data are available about *E. granulosus* isolates of domestic livestock in this province using DNA sequencing of *cox1* and *nad1*.", "\n\nTherefore, the present study aimed molecularly identify and genotype hydatid cysts of some livestock (sheep, and cattle) in Lorestan Province by sequencing and analyzing mitochondrial *cox1* gene, to speculate on possible transmission patterns of this cestode by homology analysis, and to understand the phylogeny of genotypes of *E. granulosus* by constructing neighbor-joining trees.", "\n\nMaterials and Methods\n=====================\n\nEthics statement\n----------------\n\nThis study was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal and Human Experiments of the Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran (Permit Number: 89/6).", "\n\nCollection of hydatid cyst samples\n----------------------------------\n\nA total of 36 hydatid cysts including 18 hydatid cysts of sheep and 18 hydatid cysts of cattle were collected from Khorramabad slaughterhouse (Lorestan Province), Western Iran between May to September 2014 and carried to the Parasitology Laboratory at the, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, (Khorramabad, Iran).", "\n\nMicroscopic examination of protoscoleces\n----------------------------------------\n\nTo confirm whether or not the protoscoleces exist in hydatid cysts, their contents were subjected to the microscopic examination. ", "Protoscoleces and/or germinal layers were collected from cysts and washed five times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). ", "The obtained pellets were fixed in 70 % ethanol and stored at 4 °C until genomic DNA isolation.", "\n\nExtraction of genome DNA\n------------------------\n\nTo extract the genomic DNA (gDNA) of hydatid cyst samples, protoscoleces and/or germinal layers from each individual cyst were washed five times in sterile-distilled water by centrifugation to remove the ethanol and gDNA of each sample was extracted by High Pure PCR Template preparation kit (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. ", "To ensure the accuracy of DNA extraction, concentration of the extracted DNA samples were analyzed by NanoDrop. ", "The extracted DNAs were stored at −20^°^C until required for PCR.", "\n\nMitochondrial PCR amplification\n-------------------------------\n\nThe mitochondrial *cox1* gene was amplified using specific primer sets JB3/JB4.5 ([@B10]). ", "PCR was performed in a 25 μl final volume containing 1 X PCR buffer, 2.5 mM MgCl~2~, 0.2 mM of each deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP), 0.2 μM of each primer and 1.5 μM Ampli-Taq Polymerase. ", "Two primers, JB3 (forward), 5′-TTT TTT GGG CAT CCT GAG GTT TAT-3′ and JB4.5 (reverse), 5′-TAA AGA AAG AAC ATA ATG AAA ATG-3′ ([@B10]), were used to amplify a 450 bp fragment of *cox1* gene under the following conditions: initial denaturation 94°C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30s, annealing at 55°C for 30s and elongation for 45s at 72°C. ", "Final extension was performed at 72°C for 10 min, and then the product of PCR was electrophoresed on 1.5% agar gel. ", "All PCR amplifications were run with negative control (non-template water control).", "\n\nSequencing analysis\n-------------------\n\nAll PCR products were subjected to automated sequencing by the Illumina Genome Analysis System, employing the same primers used in the primary PCR. ", "The electropherogram of each sequence was checked by eye, and the sequences were compared with each other using the software BioEdit. ", "Accuracy of the sequencing data was confirmed by sequencing in both directions. ", "Nucleotide sequences obtained in the present study were subjected to BLAST searches (<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/>), and were then aligned and analyzed with each other and *E. granulosus* reference sequences downloaded from GenBank using Clustal X 1.83.", "\n\nPhylogenetic analysis\n---------------------\n\nSequences were aligned by means of the CLUSTALW software package ([www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw](www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw)) and analyzed using the Neighbor--Joining (NJ) method provided in the MUST software package. ", "The phylogenetic tree was run using sequences obtained in this study as well as reference sequences available for *E. granulosus* G1(accession number, KT200223.1) and G3 (accession number, HM563022.1) genotypes as shown in [Fig. ", "1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "Some of G1 (DQ062857.1, JX878690.1) and G3 (KT074949.1, JN604105.1, KF731907, JX854031.1) genotypes in the gene bank was used for comparison. *", "E. multilocularis* COX1 (KT318128.1) was applied in the model as anout-group.", "\n\n{#F1}\n\nResults\n=======\n\nTotally, 36 hydatid cysts isolates from domestic animals from Lorestan Province were tested for the molecular analysis. ", "All these samples were analyzed using mitochondrial *cox1* primers. ", "For all of isolates, fragment of about 450 bp were successfully PCR-amplified within *cox1* gene. ", "In sequencing analysis, the alignments of the sequences determined in this study with those of know genotypes of *E. granulosus* demonstrated all of sheep isolates belonged to genotype G1 (sheep strain). ", "Among cattle hydatid cyst isolates, 16/18 (88.9%) were belonged to genotype G1 and 2/18 (11.1%) were belonged to G3 genotype. ", "All the hydatid cysts belonged to G1 were confirmed to be fertile (with protoscoleces) by microscopy ([Fig.1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}); whereas both hydatid cysts of belonged to G3 were observed to be fertile. ", "Representative nucleotide sequences obtained in this study were deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers LC068914.1 and LC068958.1 for G1 genotype (for both sheep and cattle) and G3 genotype (cattle) respectively.", "\n\nThe phylogenetic analysis showed two clusters; one of the clusters includes cattle G3 genotype and the other cluster represents sheep and cattle G1 genotype that were isolated during in this study ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#F2}\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nLorestan Province due to favorable weather conditions and the spread of livestock is one of the prone provinces in Iran for prevalence of parasites ([@B11]--[@B16]). ", "Cystic echinococcosis is a globally distributed parasitic infection of humans and livestock. ", "At present, the World Health Organization (WHO) included CE in a subgroup of selected Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) to be addressed within its 2008--2015 strategic plans for control of NTDs ([@B1]). ", "In the present study, 36 hydatid cysts including 18 hydatid cysts of sheep and 18 hydatid cysts of cattle were tested for the molecular analysis. ", "In this study, 34 (94.4%) and 2 (5.6%) of isolates were identified as G1 and G3 genotype of *E. granulosus*, respectively*.* ", "The results presented here demonstrated that G1 was the dominant genotype of CE in some livestock animals such as sheep and cattle in Western Iran. ", "The obtained findings revealed that all the hydatid cysts of isolated from sheep and 16/18 (88.8%) of cattle isolates were belonged to genotype G1. ", "The G1 genotype can develop fertile cysts in sheep, but it can also infect goats, cattle, camel, pigs, and humans. ", "We found only two isolates (3.6%) belonged to genotype G3. ", "This isolates belonged to the cattle samples (2/18, 11.1%). ", "The presence of G3 genotype producing fertile cysts in cattle, suggests the correlation between G3 genotype and producing fertile cysts in cattle and its high host specificity.", "\n\nThere are several studies that showed G1 genotype of *E. granulosus* is the predominant genotype in animals and humans around the world. ", "For example, Utuk et al. ([", "@B17]) conducted a study in Turkey on 208 isolates (179sheep, 19 cattle, seven goats, one camel, one dog, and a single human sample) and detected only the G1 genotype in all of their isolates. ", "Reviews have reported a similar result with different G1 to G3 proportions: for example, 95.5 % G1 vs. 4.5 % G3 in 112 sheep and cattle in Turkey ([@B18]); 78.75 % G1 vs. 12.5 % G3 in 80 cattle and water buffaloes in Italy ([@B19]); 93.3 % G1 vs. 6.7 % G3 in 30 ovine, bovine, and humans in Tunisia ([@B20]); 77.8 % G1 vs. 11.1 % G3 in 18 humans and dogs in southern Brazil ([@B21]); and 73.7 % G1 vs. 13.2 % G3 in 38 different intermediate hosts in southeast of Iran ([@B22]). ", "Unlikely, Pednekar et al. ([", "@B23]) have demonstrated G3 in 63 % as the predominant genotype, whereas the G1 genotype was found only in six (13 %) isolates from 46 domestic livestock in India.", "\n\nIn line with our findings several investigations have been conducted on genotyping of *E. granulosus* in Iran. ", "For example, dominant strain of *E. granulosus* in Chaharmahal-va --Bakhtyari Province, Central Iran, was G1 ([@B24]). ", "Other study conducted in Isfahan Province, central Iran, on hydatid cysts with origination of cattle, sheep, goat, camel and human, showed G1 genotype as the dominant strain ([@B25]). ", "Among 86 isolates *E. granulosus* isolated from humans and domestic animals from northwest of Iran (Zanjan Province) using the mitochondrial cox1 gene, 82 (95.35 %) were determined as G1 genotype, and the remaining four (4.65%), were identified as G3 genotype ([@B26]). ", "All samples isolated in definitive and intermediate hosts of the *E. granulosus* belonged to G1 genotype (sheep strain) ([@B27]). ", "In another study, three distinct genotypes (G1, G3, and G6) were reported from human, sheep, cattle, goats, and camels in Kerman Province, southeast of Iran ([@B22]). ", "Ninety three isolated hydatid cysts from slaughtered livestock of Yasuj City, were G1 genotype ([@B28]). ", "Moreover, in Ardabil Province, G1 was the dominant strain and for the first time in Iran G3 genotype in 2 human isolates was reported ([@B29]).", "\n\nBased on the previous investigation three genotypes (G1, G2 and G3) were identified from the *E. granulosus* isolates of stray dogs, from Lorestan province using DNA sequencing of the partial mitochondrial *cox*1 and *nad*1 genes, whereas sheep appear to be a principal animal intermediate host for *E. granulosus* in this region. ", "In other studies on human and domestic herbivores of this province, the results showed G1 as the dominant strain indicating the main intermediate host and biological maintenance in the nature are sheep and goat ([@B30], [@B31]). ", "In Lorestan Province, the livestock (sheep and cattle) industry is a major economic component. ", "Once these domestic animals are infected with *E. granulosus*, the habit of feeding raw offal of animals to dogs will easily lead to *E. granulosus* infection in dogs. ", "Thus, this parasite can complete its life cycle in our area.", "\n\nConclusion\n==========\n\nThe common sheep strain/G1 is predominant genotype in the western part of Iran, followed by G3 genotype, circulating among the animal hosts in this region. ", "The presence of dominant sheep strain (G1) in sheep and cattle of Lorestan Province shows that these animals probably infected of the same origin. ", "This is because of the popularity of traditional live stock in the area that cattle and sheep use from one pasture. ", "Further studies covering a larger number of isolates might be necessary to see if there are other genotypes in the hydatid cyst population in this region of the country.", "\n\nThis study was supported by Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.", "\n\n**Declaration of Interest**\n\nThe authors report no conflicts of interest.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Rapid, simple and potentially universal method for DNA extraction from Opuntia spp. ", "fresh cladode tissues suitable for PCR amplification.", "\nIn Opuntia spp., ", "the cladode tissues contain many polysaccharides and secondary metabolites that interfere with obtaining high-quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), using currently available methods. ", "To circumvent this problem, three commercial kits, three modified versions of the conventional cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method (CTAB) method and one combined method were tested in Opuntia ficus-indica, O. robusta, O. dillenii and O. elata species. ", "We obtained a rapid and simple protocol that allows the extraction of DNA from all the tested species with good DNA yield and purity, namely, the combined method. ", "With this method (DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit combined with the CTAB method), DNA yields from 13.2 ± 7.8 to 15.9 ± 11.3 µg g-1 of fresh tissue were obtained in the four Opuntia species. ", "The purity, evaluated by the ratio A260/A280 ratio, ranged from 1.67 ± 0.12 to 2.01 ± 0.25, revealing low levels of problematic metabolites. ", "The extracted DNA quality was confirmed by amplifying a set of nuclear microsatellites obtained for the genus. ", "Reliable reproducible bands and electropherogram profiles were obtained. ", "The combined method has potential to be universal for good-quality DNA extraction in cacti, particularly in the Opuntia genus and other difficult-to-extract species." ]

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[ "Election Analysis\n\n01.25.13\n\nLapid's List Says It All\n\nThe general consensus among smart Israel-watchers in the days since the January 22 Knesset election has been that Yair Lapid’s big win and his emerging partnership with a reelected Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu put the peace process in the deep freeze. ", "This was apparent from Lapid’s campaign, which focused entirely on domestic issues, beginning with ending the yeshiva-student draft exemption and continuing with middle-class tax relief.", "\n\nIt looks like the smart money was dead wrong. ", "The initial red lines Lapid laid down right after the election as his opening gambit in coalition talks are ending the yeshiva exemption and—surprise—reopening peace negotiations with the Palestinian Authority. ", "Right now his inner circle is debating furiously over which one takes priority. ", "And it looks like peace negotiations will win out.", "\n\nThe reason they must choose is that this determines who will be invited to join Netanyahu and Lapid as the third leg of the new coalition. ", "The two lead partners have 50 seats between them in the 120-member parliament, so they need one more bloc of votes to give them a stable majority. ", "Many in the peace camp were hoping the negotiators would look to Lapid’s left, to Labor and Tzipi Livni’s Hatnuah, to build a solid front for peace and domestic reforms. ", "But Netanyahu won’t let that happen. ", "As prime minister, he won’t allow himself to be the right flank of his own government. ", "Instead, they are looking rightward, either to Naftali Bennett’s Jewish Home party or to the haredi Sephardic Shas party and perhaps its haredi Ashkenazic ally, United Torah Judaism.", "\n\nIf they choose the settler-based Jewish Home, they can proceed with draft reform and other domestic priorities, but the peace process gets put on ice. ", "If they choose the haredim, serious reform of the draft laws becomes very problematic, but reigniting the peace process becomes possible—especially with the return to Shas leadership of the party’s disgraced founder, Aryeh Deri, a relative dove. ", "Reports are now coming from Netanyahu’s camp that he’s leaning toward excluding Bennett and bringing in Shas, which would mean watering down draft reform in exchange for returning to the peace process.", "\n\nThis will come as a big surprise to all the commentators who thought they had Lapid figured out. ", "Looking back at his campaign, they’ve seen him ignoring the peace process almost entirely, focusing on purely domestic issues and even flirting with the hard right, rolling out his foreign policy platform at an address in Ariel and promising never to divide Jerusalem. ", "For Americans who haven’t read his weekly columns for the past decade in the Hebrew-language Yediot Ahronot, and even for cynical Israeli progressives who have given up on peace and politicians, those were taken as dead giveaways.", "\n\nIn other words, Lapid watchers were reading a politician’s intentions from his campaign promises. ", "That’s never a good idea.", "\n\nThe best way to judge an Israeli political leader is by looking at his or her list—the party’s slate of candidates. ", "It’s been conventional wisdom for months that third-term Netanyahu would be even more hard-line than he was in his last term because of the far-right list that emerged from last year’s Likud primaries. ", "Bennett’s high-tech, yuppie façade was understood to be a distraction from his real identity, which could be seen through the hardcore settler activist cadres who dominate his list.", "\n\nLapid, unburdened by a primary process or party structure, hand-picked his list. ", "The first person he named, in a dramatic mid-October press conference in Tel Aviv, was Yaakov Perry, former director the Shin Bet security service and a star of the Oscar-nominated Israeli documentary “The Gatekeepers,” which features six former Shin Bet chiefs discussing the urgency of Israeli-Palestinian peace. ", "Perry is one of the prime movers behind the 2011 Israel Peace Initiative, which enlists ex-security chiefs and business leaders to push for adoption of the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative as a basis for a two-state peace agreement based on the pre-1967 lines. ", "Restarting the peace process was one of his main motives in entering politics. ", "He helped formulate Lapid’s late October foreign policy speech in Ariel. ", "In the speech, Lapid attacked Netanyahu for claiming the Palestinian Authority wasn’t a partner for peace and announced that he wouldn’t serve in a government that didn’t return to peace talks.", "\n\nThe rest of Lapid’s list is studded with doves and progressives, most notably two-term Herzliya mayor and longtime Meretz leader Yael German in the No. ", "3 slot and military affairs journalist Ofer Shelah at No. ", "6. ", "It’s also worth noting that his list, unique among the parties, includes four outspoken advocates of religious pluralism and liberalization, including two progressive Orthodox rabbis and two women’s religious rights advocates.", "\n\nThe man to watch, though, is Perry, who has emerged since the elections as the party’s most visible spokesman. ", "A banker since leaving the Shin Bet in 1994, he has emerged in recent years as one of the most energetic and creative actors in the peace camp. ", "Now aged 68, he surely didn’t enter politics as a way to slow down." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nTargetting WooCommerce customer processing and completed order email notifications\n\nI'm trying to add custom content after the order table on the Woocommerce \n \"Processing Order\" and \"Order Completed\" customer emails, using the following code. ", "\nIt should only be added if the customer chose \"Local Pickup\" as the shipping method.", "\nfunction local_pickup_extra_content_email($order, $is_admin_email) {\n if ( $is_admin_email ) {\n return;\n }\n\n if ( ICL_LANGUAGE_CODE == \"he\" && strpos( $order->get_shipping_method(), 'Local Pickup' ) !", "== false) {\n echo '<p><strong>Note:</strong> Please wait for telephone confirmation of local pickup.</p>';\n }\n}\n\nadd_action( 'woocommerce_email_after_order_table', 'local_pickup_extra_content_email', 10, 2 );\n\nThe content isn't being added to the emails specified. ", "It's only being added to the \"Order Details/Invoice\" email that's sent manually through the Woocommerce order admin page. ", "\nHow can I add the above content to the emails mentioned? ", "What am I doing wrong? ", "\n\n(The email templates aren't overridden in the theme folder)\n\nA:\n\nThis can be done easily targeting those email notifications through the missing hook argument $email, this way:\nadd_action( 'woocommerce_email_after_order_table', 'local_pickup_extra_content_email', 10, 4 );\nfunction local_pickup_extra_content_email( $order, $sent_to_admin, $plain_text, $email ) {\n // Only for \"Processing Order\" and \"Order Completed\" customer emails\n if( ! ( '", "customer_processing_order' == $email->id || 'customer_completed_order' == $email->id ) ) return;\n\n $lang = get_post_meta( $order->id, 'wpml_language', true );\n if ( $lang == 'he' && && strpos( $order->get_shipping_method(), 'Local Pickup' ) !", "== false) {\n echo '<p><strong>Note:</strong> Please wait for telephone confirmation of local pickup.</p>';\n }\n}\n\nThis code goes in function.php file of your active child theme (or theme) or also in any plugin file.", "\nTested and works\n\nSimilar answer: Add a custom text to specific email notification for local pickup Woocommerce orders\n\n" ]

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