Datasets:

tomekkorbak

/

detoxify-pile-chunk3-3650000-3700000

like 0

[ "\"Monte Nelson, a 42-year-old construction worker who lives just three blocks from the field, prefers bellying up to the bar at his favorite neighborhood tavern, First Base, where he says the beer is colder and there's free parking for his motorcycle. \"", "You can see it better sitting right here,\" Mr. Nelson says while peering at a TV screen through a haze of cigarette smoke.\"" ]

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[ "Reliability and validity of the PORPUS, a combined psychometric and utility-based quality-of-life instrument for prostate cancer.", "\nAlthough utility-based quality-of-life instruments are often used in economic evaluations and psychometric instruments in treatment evaluations, these are complementary approaches to assessing outcomes. ", "In this study we developed and tested these two forms of quality-of-life instruments, both based on a single, validated, health classification system. ", "To assess the measurement properties (reliability and validity) of two newly developed psychometric and utility-based instruments for assessing outcomes associated with prostate cancer. ", "141 men with cancer of the prostate (CaP), treated with radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, and/or chemotherapy were assessed with both instruments and other standard psychometric and utility-based instruments. ", "Analyses indicate the test instruments are reliable and valid. ", "Full-scale correlations between the instruments and standard instruments indicate validity, as do correlations of key subscales, and an evaluation of linear associations with the UCLA-Prostate Cancer Symptom Scales. ", "Evidence from this study supports the reliability and construct validity of the tested instruments. ", "Prostate cancer outcomes can now be assessed by a combination of psychometric and utility-based methods, allowing a ready comparison of derived outcomes." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to modify a site that uses closed shadow dom?", "\n\nGiven a site that uses web components with closed shadow roots, how do I access or modify the DOM from a extension content script?", "\n\nA:\n\nFirefox 63 introduced the privileged accessor Element.openOrClosedShadowRoot (MDN documentation) to allow webextensions to access shadow roots regardless of their open/closed state.", "\nOther APIs such as querySelectorAll are still affected by shadow dom isolation, so to find shadow roots an extension will have to walk the entire tree via NodeIterator or TreeWalker to check for shadow roots. ", "Since shadow roots may be attached at later point extensions may also have to wait for page modifications via mutation observers before attempting to access shadow DOM, so overall this approach is less ergonomic than using querySelector, but at least it's possible.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Identification of three gp350/220 regions involved in Epstein-Barr virus invasion of host cells.", "\nEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) invasion of B-lymphocytes involves EBV gp350/220 binding to B-lymphocyte CR2. ", "The anti-gp350 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-72A1 Fab inhibits this binding and therefore blocks EBV invasion of target cells. ", "However, gp350/220 regions interacting with mAb 72A1 and involved in EBV invasion of target cells have not yet been identified. ", "This work reports three gp350/220 regions, defined by peptide 11382, 11389, and 11416 sequences, that are involved in EBV binding to B-lymphocytes. ", "Peptides 11382, 11389, and 11416 bound to CR2(+) but not to CR2(-) cells, inhibited EBV invasion of cord blood lymphocytes (CBLs), were recognized by mAb 72A1, and inhibited mAb 72A1 binding to EBV. ", "Peptides 11382 and 11416 binding to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) induced interleukin-6 protein synthesis in these cells, this phenomenon being inhibited by mAb 72A1. ", "The same behavior has been reported for gp350/220 binding to PBLs. ", "Anti-peptide 11382, 11389, and 11416 antibodies inhibited EBV binding and EBV invasion of PBLs and CBLs. ", "Peptide 11382, 11389, and 11416 sequences presented homology with the C3dg regions coming into contact with CR2 (C3dg and gp350 bound to similar CR2 regions). ", "These peptides could be used in designing strategies against EBV infection." ]

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[ "This livestream has finished.", "\n\nHealth Minister David Clark is holding a press conference at the Beehive in Wellington to announce a further update to the mass gatherings policy related to COVID-19.", "\n\nThe Government already announced earlier this week that gatherings of 500 people or more are banned until further notice, to avoid coronavirus spreading.", "\n\nWatch the video." ]

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[ "How the fuck could you have only learned that today !", "\n\n390 shares" ]

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[ "When the Heath Dreams at Night\n\nWhen the Heath Dreams at Night () is a 1952 West German drama film directed by Paul Martin and starring Rudolf Prack, Viktor Staal and Margot Trooger.", "\n\nThe film's sets were designed by Carl Ludwig Kirmse and Walter Kutz. ", "It was shot in studios in Göttingen and on Lüneburg Heath.", "\n\nSynopsis\nA young man who works making safe unexploded Second World War bombs on Lüneburg Heath invites an old wartime comrade to stay with him. ", "However problems ensue when the visitor falls in love with his fiancée.", "\n\nCast\n Rudolf Prack as Peter Gelius, Sprengmeister\n Viktor Staal as Karl Odewig\n Margot Trooger as Helga\n Fita Benkhoff as Hermine Knauer\n Siegfried Breuer as Konsul Berghaus\n Margarete Haagen as Frau Odewig, Karls Mutter\n Ilse Steppat as Brigitte\n Beppo Brem as Xaver Franz\n Albert Florath as Bürgermeister Knauer\n Walter Franck\n Ernst Deutsch\n Otto Gebühr\n Berta Drews\n Walter Gross\n Reinhard Kolldehoff\n Franz-Otto Krüger\n Paul Heidemann\n Else Reval\n Hans Stiebner\n Victor Janson\n Werner Stock\n Arno Paulsen\n Erich Dunskus\n Erwin Biegel\n Gustav Bertram\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography \n Spicer, Andrew. ", "Historical Dictionary of Film Noir. ", "Scarecrow Press, 2010.", "\n\nExternal links \n \n\nCategory:1952 films\nCategory:1950s drama films\nCategory:German drama films\nCategory:West German films\nCategory:German-language films\nCategory:Films directed by Paul Martin\nCategory:Gloria Film films" ]

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[ "Sky Extends Premier League Broadcasting Rights to 2022\n\nSend by mail :\n\nSky PLC (>> Sky) has extended its rights to show Premier League matches through 2022 for 1.19 billion pounds ($1.65 billion) a year.", "\n\nThe broadcaster said Wednesday that it will show 128 matches per soccer season. ", "The price tag represents a 16% reduction in cost per game compared with its current agreement, Sky said.", "\n\nThe deal will allow Sky first pick of which match to show each weekend as well as 14 second-pick matches, which will be shown on its Sky Sports channel.", "\n\nSky is 39%-owned by 21st Century Fox (>> 21st Century Fox), which shares common ownership with News Corp, the parent company of Dow Jones.", "\n\nMeanwhile, BT Group PLC (BT.A.LN) said it too extended its Premier League rights--for three years, starting from the 2019/2020 season, for GBP295 million per season. ", "The company will show 32 games per season. ", "BT has the rights to market and sell Sky Sports matches.", "\n\nWrite to Carlo Martuscelli at carlo.martuscelli@dowjones.com\n\nCorrections & Amplifications\n\nThis article was corrected at 0939 GMT because the original misstated the stake percentage in the fourth paragraph. ", "It is 39%, not 29%." ]

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[ "I recently[1] blew through Jeff VanderMeer’s Annihilation/Authority/Acceptance series, also known as the Southern Reach Trilogy, which I’ll abbreviate to SRT.", "\n\nFirst things first: overall, it was pretty good. ", "I enjoyed the writing, the clever turns of phrase (“Sheepish smile, offered up to a raging wolf of a narcissist.", "”[2]). ", "It’s reasonably good at keeping up the tension, even while sitting around in bland offices with the characters politicking at each other.", "\n\nSo the writing is alright, but the real draw was kind of the setting, kind of the story structure, kind of the subject matter. ", "In a way, it’s right up my alley. ", "It’s just a… weird alley.", "\n\nThe most obvious weird is used as a driving force in the world building, forcing us reconsider what exactly we’re reading.", "\n\nIs this an environmental thriller? ", "Kind of, but the environmental message is muted and bland, restricted to a repeated offhand remark “well, too bad the environment is fucked”. ", "Is this an X-Files rip off? ", "Kind of, but the paranormal is undeniable: you don’t want to believe it’s there, you want to believe there’s an explanation behind it all. ", "Is this a romance? ", "For the first book maybe, but with one of the pair entirely absent from the book[3]. ", "The second book doesn’t help by introducing elements of the corporate thriller genre, and then axing any chance of finishing that transition by the end of the book.", "\n\nWhatever it is, all throughout SRT is world building, but shot through with twists and turns. ", "It reminds me of those creepy dolly zooms (examples) which undermine the sense of perception, but applied to narrative. ", "For example, the biologist and story at large constantly give up information that forces us to reconsider everything that came before:\n\nBy the way, the 12th expedition psychologist was the director of Southern Reach.", "\n\nBy the way, said director was in the lighthouse picture.", "\n\nBy the way, Central was involved in the Science and Seance Brigade.", "\n\nDid I mention Control’s mom was in the thick of it?", "\n\nIt’s sort of like Jeff is giving us an unreliable narrator with training wheels: we’re not left at any point with contradictory information, yet there’s a strong sense that our only line into the story is controlled by a grinning spin doctor. ", "It’s an artful set of lies by omission.", "\n\nMy suspicion is that I enjoyed this particular aspect of the SRT for the same reason I enjoyed The Quantum Thief trilogy. ", "Hannu does a bit less hand holding[5], like starting the series with the infamous cold open “As always, before the warmind and I shoot each other, I try to make small talk. ‘", "Prisons are always the same, don’t you think?'”[6]. ", "And as an example, the trilogy never explicitly lays out who the hell Fedorov is: in fact, I didn’t even expect him to be a real person, but his ideology (or the Sobornost’s understanding of his Great Common Task) was so constrained by the plot happening around it that I never had to leave the story and, say, search Wikipedia, which was excellent story crafting. ", "Anathem is another book that does this sort of “fuck it we’ll do it live” sketching of a world to great effect[7].", "\n\nBut while The Quantum Thief is sprinting through cryptographic hierarchies and Sobornost copy clans, it’s still grounded in a human story. ", "The master thief/warrior/detective tropes serve as a reassuring life vest while Hannu tries to drown us with future shock[8][9]. ", "The SRT doesn’t need as much of a touch point, since we never leave Earth and bum around a mostly normal forest and a mostly normal office building[10], but the organizational breakdown in the expedition and Southern Reach agency are eminently relatable in the face of a much larger and stranger unfolding universe.", "\n\nLet’s unpack that unfolding universe.", "\n\nThe world of SRT is weird: while The Quantum Thief is a fire hose, it only spews the literary equivalent of water, easily digestible and only murky in tremendous quantities. ", "The SRT finishes with loose ends, the author at some point shrugging his shoulders and leaving a dripping plot point open for the spectacle of it, and that’s okay. ", "It’s weird fiction.", "\n\nAnother parallel: Solaris describes a truly alien world sized organism. ", "What is it thinking? ", "How does it think? ", "How do you communicate with it? ", "The story ends with all questions about the planet Solaris unresolved, with the humans only finding out that broadcasting EEG waves into the planet does something[11]. ", "No men in rubber suits here, just an ineffable consciousness. ", "Even a hungry planet makes more sense to us: at least it has visible goals that we can model (even if they are horrifying[12]).", "\n\nYou end up with the same state in SRT: what is Area X doing? ", "Why is it doing it? ", "What the hell does the Markov chain sermon mean?[13]\n\nI’m guessing this is why people don’t like it: there are barely any answers at the end. ", "How did turning into an animal and leaping through a doorway help at all? ", "Did Central ever get their shit together? ", "What’s up with the burning portal world? ", "If you were expecting a knowable “rockets and chemicals” world, it’d be disorienting.", "\n\nIn a way the story suffers a bit from a mystery box problem, where there are boxes that are never opened. ", "However, in this case I think the unopened boxes are unimportant. ", "Sure, the future of humanity is left uncertain, the mechanisms of Area X are still mysterious, but we know what happened to all the main characters, see how they played their parts and have some closure.", "\n\n(I am miffed that Joss Whedon is poisoning the proverbial storytelling well. ", "Yes, mystery boxing makes economic sense, but now I see the mystery box like I hear the Wilheim scream, and it’s not pretty.)", "\n\nOkay, so we have a weird new world we explore, and weird fiction that is weird for the sake of being weird, but I’m neglecting the weird that gives people bad dreams.", "\n\nOn one level there’s simple horror based on things going bump in the night: think about the moaning psychologist in the reeds, the slug/crawler able to kill those that interrupt its raving sermon. ", "But that doesn’t show up in spades: the description of the 1st expedition disintegration cuts off after a sneak peak, omitting most of the ugly details. ", "Jeff had plenty of opportunity to get into shock horror, and didn’t.", "\n\nI think that he wanted to instead emphasize the 2nd layer of Lovecraftian horror beyond the grasping tentacles, a horror driven by a tremendous and possibly/maybe/almost certainly malign world[14]. ", "Area X pulls off simple impossible feats like time dilation and a barrier that transports things elsewhere (or nowhere). ", "More concerning is the fact that Area X knows what humans look like. ", "It’s an alien artifact, and somehow (something like the Integrated Information Theory of consciousness turns out to be right?) ", "knows what makes up a human, recognizes them as special and in need of twisting, and can’t help but twist with powers beyond our understanding. ", "There’s something large and unspeakably powerful stalking humanity, and it is hungry.", "\n\nOr maybe it’s not deliberately stalking humanity, and it’s just engaging sub-conscious level reactions, and everything it has done so far is the equivalent of rolling over in its sleep: how would Area X know it just rolled over a butterfly of an expedition? ", "This implies a second question: what happens when it finally wakes up?", "\n\nIt all reminds me of The Expanse series. ", "Sure, there’s the radically simplified political/economic/military squabbling and made for action movie plot, but the protomolecule is what I’m thinking about. “", "It reaches out it reaches out it reaches out“: an entire asteroid of humans melted down for spare parts by the protomolecule are kept in abeyance for use, living and being killed again and again in simulation until the brute force search finds something useful happening (which in turns reminds me of the chilling line “There is life eternal in the Eater of Souls”.) ", "Thousands die and live and die, all to check a cosmic answering machine.", "\n\nIf we want to draw an analogy, the first level of horror draws from being powerless in the face of malign danger: think of the axe murderer chasing the cheerleader. ", "The second level of horror draws from the entirety of humanity being powerless in the face of vast malign danger. ", "Samuel L. Jackson can handle an axe murderer, but up against the AM from “I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream”? ", "No contest[15].", "\n\n(We could even go further, and think about the third level as malign forces of nature: Samuel L. Jackson vs the concept of existential despair might be an example, not on the level of “overcoming your inner demons” but “eradicating the concept as a plausible state of mind for humans to be in”[16]. ", "Now that I think about it, it would have been an interesting direction to take The Quantum Thief’s All-Defector, fleshing it out as a distillation of a game theoretic concept like Moloch. ", "Maybe there’s room for a story about recarving the world without certain malign mathematical patterns… well, maybe without religious overtones either.)", "\n\nBut we’ve only been looking at what the rock of Area X has been doing to the humans. ", "What about the hard place of the Southern Reach agency, and what they do to humans? ", "The agency continually sends expeditions into a hostile world, getting little in return, and pulls stunts like herding rabbits into the boundary without rhyme or reason. ", "In the face of failure to analyze, they can only keep sending people in, hoping that an answer to Area X will pop back out if they just figure out the right hyperparameter of “which people do we send?”.", "\n\nIn other words: a questionably moral quasi-government agency, operating from the shadows to investigate and prepare to combat a unknown force that might destroy all of humanity? ", "And as if it wasn’t close enough, the SRT throws in the line “What if containment is a joke?”, ", "and I almost laughed out loud. ", "It’s all a dead ringer for the Foundation in the SCP universe.", "\n\nA little background: SCP is one of those only-possible-with-the-internet media works[17], a collaborative wiki[18] detailing the workings of the Foundation, an extra-governmental agency with an international mandate to, well, secure, contain, and protect against a whole bevy of anomalous artifacts and entities. ", "SCP. ", "As is with wikis there is an enormous range of work: some case files detail tame artifacts (a living drawing), or problems solvable with non-nuclear heavy weapons (basically a big termite), or with nukes (a… living fatberg?), ", "or something a 5-year old might come up with if you asked them to imagine the most scary possible thing (an invincible lizard! ", "With acid blood!).", "\n\nArea X slots into this menagerie well, an upper tier threat to humanity. ", "It’s utterly alien and unpredictable, actively wielding unknown amounts of power to unknown ends. ", "With the end of SRT, it seems likely that an “XK Class End of the World scenario” is in progress, a real proper apocalypse pulling the curtains on humanity.", "\n\nOn the other hand, the Southern Reach/Central agencies are vastly less competent at handling existential threats than the Foundation (this, despite a mastery of hypnosis the Foundation would kill for[20]). ", "Part of it is the nonsensical strategy: for crying out loud, Central sends a mental weapon in to try and provoke Area X, and to what end? ", "To hasten the end of the world? ", "Then Lowry gaining control of the Area X project was absolutely atrocious organizational hygiene, a willful lack of consideration that contamination can go past biological bacteria and viruses, that the molecular assembly artifact under study can change your merely physical mind. ", "An O5 Foundation overseer would have seen dormant memetic agents activate and rip through departments, and would take note of a field agent turned desk jockey that started accumulating more and more soft power in the branch investigating the same anomaly that nearly took his life…\n\nBack to the first hand, both works partly derive their horror from the collision of staid and sterile office politics with the viscerally supernatural. ", "Drawing from the savanna approximation, we weren’t built to work in cubicles, and there were definitely no trolleys, much less trolley problems[21]. ", "And office organizations are unnatural, but are the most effective way we’ve found to get a great many things done. ", "So press the WEIRD but effective organizational tool into service to call the shots on constant high-velocity high-stakes moral problems, except it’s not people on the tracks but megadeaths, and you start to get at why it’s so unnerving to read interdepartmental memos about how to combat today’s supernatural horror[22].", "\n\nAnd there’s the “sending people to their death” aspect of both organizations, which conflicts with their nominally scientific venture: at least no one pretends the military hierarchy is trying to discover some deeper truth when it sends people into battle. ", "So the faceless bureaucracy expends[23] their people[24] to chart the ragged edges of reality[25], and gets dubious returns back. ", "The Southern Reach gets a lighthouse full of unread journals, the Foundation usually just figures out yet another thing won’t destroy an artifact of interest.", "\n\nAnd as an honorable mention, the Laundryverse by Charlie Stross shares strong similarity to both works: Lovecraftian horrors are invokable with complicated math, the planets are slowly aligning, and world governments have created agencies to prepare for this eventuality, deal with “smaller” “supernatural” incidents, and find/house the nerds that accidentally discover “cosmic horror math”. ", "This series focuses a bit more on the humorous side of office hijinks, and focuses on threats a bit more tractable to the human mind: at least many of the threats Bob faces can be hurt with the Medusa camera he carries around.", "\n\nIn the end, I wasn’t too entirely horrified: the best SCP has to offer rustled my jimmies more than Area X. And, the Laundryverse is somewhat more entertaining than the SRT. ", "And Solaris does the “utterly alien”-alien a bit better. ", "SRT, though, strikes a balance between all these concerns, and has much better writing quality than SCP, and fewer of the hangups that turned me off The Expanse[29].", "\n\nDark Matter, a nominally science fiction novel, has a 4.1. ", "4.1! ", "I only see acclaimed classics and amazing crowd favorites with those sorts of scores.", "\n\nThe problem is that Dark Matter is FUCKING TERRIBLE. ", "I know, I complained about this before (on my newsletter), and I’ll complain again, because it’s a fucking travesty that Annihilation got relegated to bargain bin scores compared with an utterly predictable story with trash science and characterization so bland doctors prescribe it when you are shitting your brains out due to a norovirus infection[30].", "\n\nMaybe I can say it another way:\n\nWhere lies the darkness that came from the hand of the writer I shall bring forth a fruit rotten with the tunnels of the worms that shine with the warmth of the flame of knowledge which consumes the hollow forms of a passing age and splits the fruit with a writhing of a monstrous absence which howl with worlds which never were and never will be. ", "The forms will hack at the roots of the world and fell the tree of time which reveals the revelation of the fatal softness in the writer. ", "All shall come to decide in the time of the revelation, and shall choose death[31] while the hand of the writer shall rejoice, for there is no sin in writing an action plot that the New York Times Bestseller list cannot forgive[32].", "\n\nAgain, a fucking travesty. ", "Christ.", "\n\n[1] ↑ Not so recently by the time this post is published. ", "I’m still a slow writer.", "\n\n[3] ↑ Surely there is Control/Grace rule 34. ", "Or anyone/thousand-eye mutated Biologist. ", "But as far as I know Biologist-husband is the only canon pairing.", "\n\n[4] ↑ I almost forgot these were a thing while reading Annihilation, so a quick refresher: “… a small rectangle of black metal with a glass-covered hole in the middle. ", "If the hole glowed red, we had thirty minutes to remove ourselves to ‘a safe place.'”.", "\n\n[5] ↑ If you want a flavor of the info dump sort of style of The Quantum Thief, I recommend “Variations on an Apple” as an even more extreme example: I suspect that normal people feel the same way reading The Quantum Thief as when I first read that story.", "\n\n[6] ↑ Except where SRT slowly reveals the unnaturalness of the world, The Quantum Thief revels in it, fills the tub with weird and takes a luxurious bath. ", "Like, it seems like Hannu tried really hard to get the “Toto, I don’t think we’re on Earth anymore” senses tingling right in the first sentence.", "\n\n[8] ↑ I mean, I do wonder if the author was too bad of a writer to pull off something less stereotypical while retaining the alien world, but maybe it was intentional. ", "Sure, the writer has written some cringeworthy stuff (I never knew someone could string together the word “kawaii” so poorly), but that’s what the internet has given us, government officials with a publicly available teenager history.", "\n\n[11] ↑ Because EEG is somehow magical? ", "Well, Solaris was written in the 1960s, so some amount of leeway is necessary. ", "But even if you replace the EEG with some other brain state, you have to wonder what exactly Solaris would be doing with it… “Data can’t defend itself” and all that.", "\n\n[15] ↑ I’m ignoring the fact that any movie plot would somehow have Samuel L. Motherfuckin’ Jackson end up the winner: it’s too bad that our widely known “tough guy” archetypes are all actors, which then implies the presence of Hollywood plot armor.", "\n\n[16] ↑ General memetic hazards might be another example: Roko’s Basilisk is a shitty example of one.", "\n\n[22] ↑ The dispassionate Foundation reports are effective at conveying the sense of wrongness. ", "There’s a brutal rhythm to the uniform format, leaving a feeling that in order to fight the monsters out there we had to suppress our humanity until we became monstrous in our own way.", "\n\n[24] ↑ New head canon (if such a thing could be considered to exist in the SCP-verse): the replication crisis was suppressed by the Foundation to maintain the facade of the Milgram obedience experiment, which is useful for subconsciously convincing D-class they will eventually follow orders.", "\n\n[28] ↑ Home to my go-to chilling quotes “There is life eternal in the Eater of Souls” (previously referenced) and “Why is hell so cold this time of year?”.", "\n\n[29] ↑ Namely, the incredibly simplified politics and anti-corporation messages set up puppet villains that aren’t interesting: I’d be more into it if the trade offs were more nuanced. ", "It’s still a good “Holden and friends fly around and have adventures” series, though.", "\n\n[31] ↑ No, not being emo here: the clones of the main character of Dark Matter (don’t make me look this up, please) end up choosing to fight each other because they can’t figure out functional decision theory. ", "This would be fine, if the main character weren’t ostensibly eminent physics professor material.", "\n\n[32] ↑ Everything is based on some correspondence with what I actually mean, which fits with what Jeff VanderMeer also did with the original “strangling fruit” prose." ]

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[ "Veteran computer journalist Robert X. Cringely writes:\n\nReader Mark Surich was looking for a lawyer with Croatian connections to help with a family matter back in the old country. ", "He Googled some candidate lawyers and in one search came up with this federal indictment. ", "It makes very interesting reading and shows one way H-1B visa fraud can be conducted.", "\n\nThe lawyer under indictment is Marijan Cvjeticanin. ", "Please understand that this is just an indictment, not a conviction. ", "I’m not saying this guy is guilty of anything. ", "My point here is to describe the crime of which he is accused, which I find very interesting. ", "He could be innocent for all I know, but the crime, itself, is I think fairly common and worth understanding.", "\n\nRead the indictment. ", "It’s short and quite entertaining.", "\n\nThe gist of the crime has two parts. ", "First Mr. Cvjeticanin’s law firm reportedly represented technology companies seeking IT job candidates and he is accused of having run on the side an advertising agency that placed employment ads for those companies. ", "That could appear to be a conflict of interest, or at least did to the DoJ.\n\nBut then there’s the other part, in which most of the ads — mainly in Computerworld — seem never to have been placed at all!", "\n\nClient companies paid hundreds of thousands of dollars for employment ads in Computerworld that never even ran!", "\n\nThe contention of the DoJ in this indictment appears to be that Mr. Cvjeticanin was defrauding companies seeking to hire IT personnel, yet for all those hundreds of ads — ads that for the most part never ran and therefore could never yield job applications — nobody complained!", "\n\nThe deeper question here is whether they paid for the ads or just for documentation that they had paid for the ads?", "\n\nThis is alleged H-1B visa fraud, remember. ", "In order to hire an H-1B worker in place of a U.S. citizen or green card holder, the hiring company must show that there is no “minimally qualified” citizen or green card holder to take the job. ", "Recruiting such minimally qualified candidates is generally done through advertising: if nobody responds to the ad then there must not be any minimally qualified candidates.", "\n\nIt helps, of course, if nobody actually sees the ads — in this case reportedly hundreds of them.", "\n\nWhen Mr. Cvjeticanin was confronted with his alleged fraudulent behavior, his defense (according to the indictment) was, “So let them litigate, I’ll show everyone how bogus their immigration applications really are.” ", "Nice.", "\n\nIf we follow the logic here it suggests that his belief is that the client companies’ probable H-1B fraud is so much worse than the shenanigans Mr. Cvjeticanin is accused of that those companies won’t dare assist Homeland Security or the DoJ in this case. ", "Who am I to say he’s wrong in that?", "\n\nEmployers are posting jobs that don’t really exist, seeking candidates they don’t want, and paying for bogus non-ads to show there’s an IT labor shortage in America. ", "Except of course there isn’t an IT labor shortage.", "\n\nMy old boss Pat McGovern, who owns Computerworld, should be really pissed. ", "Pat hates to lose money." ]

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[ "The present applicant has proposed a residual pressure release valve disposed between a fluid pressure supply source, which supplies a pressure fluid, and a fluid pressure device, which is operated by supplying the pressure fluid thereto, for discharging residual pressure fluid remaining between the fluid pressure supply source and the fluid pressure device (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. ", "2000-145985)." ]

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[ "With the trial involving the black market website Silk Road underway, you may be hearing a lot about the shady-seeming digital currency known as bitcoin. ", "Its value soars; its value plunges. ", "Its origins in the high-powered computers of a scattered population of bitcoin “miners” has the feel of an elaborate fiction. ", "And its anonymous, unstable nature can make getting your mind around it rather like studying a handful of water.", "\n\nBut if the prognosticating and bickering over bitcoin is enough to eclipse its promise (and there are some fascinating possibilities in the notion of a decentralized currency), there is a better (and more soothing) way for you to tune in to this burgeoning economy." ]

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[ "1992–93 Portsmouth F.C. season\n\nDuring the 1992–93 English football season, Portsmouth F.C. competed in the Football League First Division. ", "They ended up their season being 3rd in the first division league. ", "Guy Whittingham was the top goal scorer for Portsmouth football club in that particular season. ", "He scored 47 goals for them.", "\n\nThey reached the third round of FA Cup and League Cup. ", "They lost to Brighton and Hove Albion in the FA Cup third round. ", "Ipswich Town restricted Portsmouth Football Club's League Cup journey by winning against them.", "\n\nFirst Division\n\nFirst Division Play-offs\n\nFA Cup\n\nLeague Cup\n\nAnglo-Italian Cup\n\nReferences\n \n\nCategory:Portsmouth F.C. seasons\nPortsmouth" ]

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[ "1. ", "Technical Field\nAspects of this document relate generally to telecommunication systems and techniques for generating frequency reference signals for frequency synthesizers.", "\n2. ", "Background Art\nConventional frequency reference signal generating systems involve providing a frequency reference for a phase locked loop that is utilized in a high frequency synthesizer for a telecommunication system, such as a radio frequency (RF) communication system. ", "The phase locked loop is used to synthesize the carrier signal that is used to transmit encoded data over a telecommunications channel.", "\nFrequency reference signal generating systems may be employed in conjunction with phase locked loops and other components in modulators and demodulators where a stable and accurate frequency reference signal is desired. ", "For example, such phase locked loops that may employ such a reference signal can be found in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,528,240 to Wilson et al., ", "entitled “Digital Phase-Locked Loop Utilizing a High Order Sigma-Delta Modulator,” issued Jun. 18, 1996, the disclosure of which is hereby entirely incorporated herein by reference." ]

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[ "Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of infrainguinal vessels.", "\nIn the last decade, percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) has been used with increasing frequency to treat infrainguinal atherosclerotic lesions. ", "In hopes of better delineating the role of PTA, we undertook a retrospective analysis of infrainguinal PTA in one hospital over a 7-year period. ", "The charts of all patients receiving infrainguinal PTA from 1989 to 1996 were reviewed. ", "Demographics, site and type of lesion, and results of treatment were recorded. ", "Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method following current Society of Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (SVS/ISCVS) guidelines. ", "Differences in times to first failure were tested using the log rank method. ", "Failures were documented by duplex ultrasound. ", "All patients requiring repeat intervention underwent contrast angiography. ", "In selected patients with stenotic lesions <3 cm, infrainguinal PTA may be an appropriate initial treatment modality. ", "However, 5-year patency rates are significantly lower than those achieved by saphenous vein grafting. ", "The efficacy of the procedure is markedly decreased when used to treat arterial stenoses >3 cm in length as well as occlusions, and surgical revascularization may be a more appropriate initial therapeutic procedure." ]

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[ "We at Bugsnag love open source. ", "Supporting the open source community is important, so we are offering free Bugsnag to all open source projects!", "\n\nGitHub’s Atom Editor, Docker, Laravel.com, and Showterm.io are some of the awesome open source projects already using Bugsnag, you should too!", "\n\nShoot an email to us and link us to your repository to get your account set up. ", "If you’re so inclined, you can tell us a little bit about your open source project, and we’ll tweet about it!" ]

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[ "THE 2004 CAMPAIGN: ADVERTISING; Using M.R.I.'s To See Politics On the Brain\n\nThe political consultants discreetly observed from the next room as their subject watched the campaign commercials. ", "But in this political experiment, unlike the usual ones, the subject did not respond by turning a dial or discussing his reactions with a focus group.", "\n\nHe lay inside an M.R.I. machine, watching commercials playing on the inside of his goggles as neuroscientists from the University of California, Los Angeles, measured the blood flow in his brain. ", "Instead of asking the subject, John Graham, a Democratic voter, what he thought of the use of Sept. 11 images in a Bush campaign commercial, the researchers noted which parts of Mr. Graham's brain were active as he watched. ", "The active parts, they also noted, were different from the parts that had lighted up in earlier tests with Republican brains.", "\n\nThe researchers do not claim to have figured out either party's brain yet, since they have not finished this experiment. ", "But they have already noticed intriguing patterns in how Democrats and Republicans look at candidates. ", "They have tested 11 subjects and say they need to test twice that many to confirm the trend.", "\n\n''These new tools could help us someday be less reliant on clichés and unproven adages,'' said Tom Freedman, a strategist in the 1996 Clinton campaign, later a White House aide and now a sponsor of the research. ''", "They'll help put a bit more science in political science.''", "\n\nIn the experiment with Mr. Graham, researchers exposed him to photographs of the presidential candidates, commercials for President Bush and John Kerry, and other video images, including the ''Daisy'' commercial from 1964. ", "In that advertisement, promoting Lyndon B. Johnson against Barry Goldwater, images of a girl picking petals from a daisy were replaced by images of a nuclear explosion.", "\n\nWhen Mr. Graham emerged from his hourlong session in the magnetic resonance imaging machine, the researchers had no questions for him, but he did field an old-fashioned one from a reporter wondering what had most impressed him. ", "He cited two images: the Sept. 11 segment of the Bush commercial and the nuclear explosion that the ''Daisy'' advertisement suggested would be a consequence of electing Mr. Goldwater.", "\n\n''I was shocked at how much political capital Bush is trying to make out of 9/11,'' Mr. Graham said. ''", "But I found it kind of interesting that Johnson was using the same kind of technique against a Republican.''", "\n\nThe researchers had already zeroed in on those images and their effect among Democrats on the part of the brain that responds to threats and danger, the amygdala. ", "Mr. Graham, like other Democrats tested so far, reacted to the Sept. 11 images with noticeably more activity in the amygdala than did the Republicans, said the lead researcher, Marco Iacoboni, an associate professor at the U.C.L.A. Neuropsychiatric Institute who directs a laboratory at the Ahmanson Lovelace Brain Mapping Center there.", "\n\n''The first interpretation that occurred to me,'' Professor Iacoboni said, ''is that the Democrats see the 9/11 issue as a good way for Bush to get re-elected, and they experience that as a threat.''", "\n\nBut then the researchers noted that same spike in amygdala activity when the Democrats watched the nuclear explosion in the ''Daisy'' spot, which promoted a Democrat.", "\n\nMr. Freedman suggested another interpretation based on his political experience: the theory that Democrats are generally more alarmed by any use of force than Republicans are. ", "For now, Professor Iacoboni leans toward this second interpretation, though he is withholding judgment until the experiment is over.", "\n\nMr. Freedman and William Knapp, a strategist with both Clinton presidential campaigns and the Gore campaign in 2000, turned to this technology after consulting with Mr. Freedman's brother, Dr. Joshua Freedman, an assistant professor of psychiatry at U.C.L.A., who was less than impressed by the methodology of political consultants.", "\n\n''It seemed so last century,'' Professor Freedman said. ''", "Consultants were quoting Freud as if it was cutting edge. ", "It was all about interpretation instead of using new technology to measure what's actually happening in the mind.''", "\n\nAn error has occurred. ", "Please try again later.", "\n\nYou are already subscribed to this email.", "\n\nProfessor Freedman and the two political consultants formed a company, FKF Research, and provided a grant for an experiment led by Professor Iacoboni, a neuroscientist known for his work mapping parts of the brain activated when people empathize with others. ", "He, Professor Freedman and a U.C.L.A. colleague, Jonas Kaplan, plan to publish the results in a scientific journal.", "\n\n''In the past decade we've built up all this knowledge of how the brain works,'' Professor Iacoboni said, ''and now it's exciting that we can finally start applying it to social issues.''", "\n\nOne of the most striking results so far is the way subjects react to candidates after seeing a campaign commercial. ", "At the start of the session, when they look at photographs of Mr. Bush, Mr. Kerry and Ralph Nader, subjects from both parties tend to show emotional reactions to all the candidates, indicated in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain associated with reflexive reactions.", "\n\nBut then, after the Bush campaign commercial is shown, the subjects respond in a partisan fashion when the photographs are shown again. ", "They still respond emotionally to the candidate of their party, but when they see the other party's candidate, there is more activity in the rational part of the brain, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. ''", "It seems as if they're really identifying with their own candidate, whereas when they see the opponent, they're using their rational apparatus to argue against him,'' Professor Iacoboni said.", "\n\nThe neuroscientists warned against drawing conclusions until the experiment was over. ", "They said the results would mainly point the way for future research, and other neuroscientists echoed their caution.", "\n\n''Brain imaging offers a fantastic opportunity to study how people respond to political information,'' said Jonathan D. Cohen, director of the Center for the Study of Brain, Mind and Behavior at Princeton. ''", "But the results of such studies are often complex, and it is important to resist the temptation to read into them what we may wish to believe, before our conclusions have been adequately tested.''", "\n\nShanto Iyengar, director of the Political Communication Lab at Stanford, said there were so many kinds of images and other stimuli in a political commercial that it was notoriously difficult for any kind of research to pinpoint effects. ", "But Professor Iyengar said the M.R.I. technology offered a promising tool.", "\n\n''Academic research in political science into the effects of campaign advertising is 90 percent bogus, relying as it does on self-reported exposure to a multitude of disparate messages and images,'' he said. ''", "Any efforts to isolate viewers' actual responses to ads -- be they neurological, verbal or behavioral -- is a step in the right direction.''", "\n\nThough new to political advertising, brain imaging has been used to analyze other kinds of reactions to commercials, both by ''neuromarketers'' selling services to corporations and by academic researchers like Read Montague, who has studied brain responses to soft-drink advertising. ", "He said research like Professor Iacoboni's could help expose manipulative techniques during political campaigns.", "\n\n''This research can show how a candidate is unfairly targeting the weaknesses and foibles of voters, and that can be empowering,'' said Professor Montague, director of the Human Neuroimaging Laboratory at the Baylor College of Medicine.", "\n\nOf course, political consultants could also use this technology to create more manipulative commercials, though Mr. Freedman and Mr. Knapp say they do not hope for partisan advantage from their research.", "\n\n''We just want to start exploring this new frontier,'' Mr. Knapp said. ''", "We know we can't rely just on what people say in polls and focus groups. ", "They tell us over and over that they hate negative advertising, but we know they respond to it. ", "It would be nice to figure out what's actually going on inside their heads.''" ]

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[ "In a time when a triple-double wasn’t as common as they are today in the NBA, this story of Andray Blatche shows how much players care about statistics during matches.", "\n\nIn 2010 Blatche did his best to get the tenth rebound that would guarantee him the first and only triple-double of his career. ", "In the final seconds of the game, the player was so desperate to get a rebound that he even asked an opponent to help him…\n\nAnd if you think this is ridiculous, wait to see the last play of the game where Andray Blatche intentionally try to miss his own shot to get the desired offensive rebound.", "\n\nThe triple-double now occurs frequently in the NBA. ", "Russell Westbrook and Luka Doncic exemplify how often this statistic has been occurring. ", "But looking Blatche’s commitment, you can imagine how special it would have been in 2010 to have just gotten one more rebound.", "\n\nAndray Blatche ended this comic performance with 20 points, 13 assists and 9 rebounds!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nhow to detect last running thread in java\n\nI'm running a function using 100 concurrent threads and I want to detect the last running thread of this function, so how can I do that ?", "\n\nA:\n\nUse Thread.join() in your main thread for each Thread to complete.", "\nMain thread will not exit until each joined thread is completed.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Vets objected after an orthopedic surgeon gained attention for his charity work on animals, saying it did more harm than good.", "\n\nATLANTA — A charity meant to help homeless dogs is voluntarily closing down after criticism by some that it was doing more harm than good.", "\n\nSurgeons for Strays performed operations on rescue animals for free – using medical doctors who volunteered in their spare time.", "\n\nFrom the state’s perspective, the charity wasn’t doing anything illegal. ", "But veterinarians say the practice is exposing a loophole in state law they want to close.", "\n\nDoctors with Surgeons for Strays have operated on 86 animals, and they say there's never been a problem with any of the animals. ", "But after what they were doing started getting publicity, veterinarians pushed back, saying while they might be in it for the right reasons, what they were doing was wrong.", "\n\nDr. John Keating started Surgeons for Strays because he saw a desperate need for it.", "\n\nRescue groups couldn’t always afford expensive surgeries for the animals, forcing them to euthanize otherwise healthy cats and dogs.", "\n\nThe charity paid for the surgeries -- sometimes costing up to $15,000 -- using medical surgeons who volunteered their time and performed the operations in a veterinary office under the supervision of a vet.", "\n\n11Alive talked to Dr. Keating before he shut down Surgeons for Strays, amid the backlash from veterinarians.", "\n\n“These are dogs that are doomed. ", "Ain't nobody going to fix them. ", "They can't get adopted,” Dr. Keating said. “", "Half the time they're going to be euthanized if we don't fix them.”", "\n\nDr. Keating most recently operated on a dog that had been beaten with a bat and turned over to animal cruelty officers.", "\n\nHer surgery would have cost $15,000.", "\n\nThe state licensing board told 11Alive that under Georgia law, what Dr. Keating was doing was not illegal.", "\n\nBut veterinarians in Atlanta pushed back.", "\n\nDr. Alan Cross filed a complaint against Dr. Keating to the Georgia Board of Veterinary Medicine.", "\n\n“Our concern is that these patients weren't being handled in the best way because of lack of training,” Dr. Cross said. “", "To be a vet surgeon we have four years of surgery training after four years of vet schools. ", "So we think we do a good job and take pride in what we do.”", "\n\nHe and other veterinarians say the controversy points to the need to change or clarify state law so that only licensed veterinary surgeons can perform operations on animals\n\n“We do at-cost surgeries almost daily, and we just consider it part of our job, but we need to do a better job of letting people know there is a mechanism for caring for rescue patients,” Dr. Cross said.", "\n\nDr. Keating said all he ever wanted to do was help the homeless dogs and cats in Georgia.", "\n\n“We go so hard in human medicine, every once in a while we need to circle back and remember why we're doing this,” he told 11Alive before the backlash. “", "And that's to do some good, and that's what we're doing.”", "\n\nThe issue has spurred a larger conversation going on about how to best help homeless dogs and cats.", "\n\nEvery year in the U.S., 2.4 million healthy animals are euthanized because they can’t find a home.", "\n\nMORE FROM K9KAIT" ]

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[ "The SoapSox Story\n\nSoapSox is a stuffed animal washcloth that makes bath time more fun for you and your little one.", "\n\nEach SoapSox washcloth is made from soft, gentle terry cloth with an anti-microbial sponge inside. “", "Simple and smart,” we thought. . . ", "but the story of its creation was something we liked even more.", "\n\nFounder Ray Phillips was working with abused children at a group home when he had the idea. ", "One boy at the home was scared to bathe, and Ray noticed that his stuffed animal calmed him. ", "So Ray created a modified version of the animal, including a place for a bar of soap. ", "The child then bathed happily.", "\n\nToday’s SoapSox are enhanced versions of that big-hearted innovation. ", "Simply put liquid or bar soap in the specially designed pocket, add water, lather up, and start washing. ", "The little finger pockets make it easier for kids to grip.", "\n\nAnd SoapSox is machine washable and dryable, so the fun doesn’t need to stop when the bath does. ", "Kids can cuddle with them anywhere.", "Read MoreRead Less" ]

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[ "\"This was the morning of Kara Anderson's death.\" \"", "I guess I should have known something was wrong.\" \"", "She wanted to go sit in her room a minute.\" \"", "I didn't know she was saying good-bye.\" \"", "I asked her about studying together, but she wanted to be in the sun all day.\" \"", "This was the morning of Kara Anderson's death, because she chose it.\" \"", "Come in.\" \"", "Hey.\" \"", "Hey.\" \"", "Oh, you look pretty good for an out-of-work loser.\" \"", "I'm almost done.\" \" ", "You heading straight to court?\" \" ", "Yep.\" \"", "So how you handling it one week in?\" \"", "I'm devastated... getting up at 9:00 instead of 5:00, going to the gym instead of racing to court.\" \"", "I miss the law too much.\" \"", "You're not coming back, are you?\" \"", "I haven't checked my cell phone in two hours.\" \"", "You know what that feels like?\" \"", "Well, you are missed at work.\" \"", "I doubt that.\" \"", "David Lee is probably calculating my square footage right now.\" \"", "Okay, the disciplinary board says\" \"I can consult on any case strategy developed before my suspension.\" \"", "So tell Alicia I made notes on this petition,\" \" but I can't on this one.\" \" ", "You sure?\" \"", "That's the one she needs.\" \"", "Those are the rules.\" \"", "How's she doing?\" \"", "Oh, worried.\" \"", "Overwhelmed.\" \"", "Tell her Judge Serena likes women more than men anyway.\" \"", "And watch out with the client.\" \"", "He'll talk too much and get pretentious on the stand.\" \"", "Will, when I leave, you're not going to curl up into a little ball and cry, are you?\" \"", "Tears of joy and relaxation.\" \"", "You really think you can do this for six months?\" \" ", "In a walk.\" \" ", "Okay.\" \"", "Call me when you crash.\" \"* *\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "This is hard for me, and I'm...\" \"I'm just a girl from Michigan.\" \"", "I can't imagine what it's like for you.\" \"", "Yeah, just the thought of my daughter out there in this movie, it...\" \" But you agreed to an interview?\" \" ", "Yes.\" \"", "Our daughter had just died, and she...\" \"He said that this documentary was an attempt to keep people from committing suicide, and it's just to make money.\" \"", "Objection.\" \"", "Your Honor, opinion.\" \"", "To me, Your Honor, this is the whole point of the case.\" \"", "This is a wrongful death suit.\" \"", "And he sold this movie as an anti-suicide documentary when, in fact, it was intended to induce and encourage suicide.\" \"", "Not \"in fact,\" Your Honor.\" \"", "In opinion.\" \"", "And I wish you would admonish Ms. Crozier for constantly summarizing her case to the jury.\" \"", "This is the equivalent of advertising through repetition.\" \"", "I don't even know what that means.\" \"", "I...\" \"I'm just speaking from the heart.\" \"", "Thank you very much, both of you.\" \"", "I take your objections to heart.\" \"", "Legally you're on equal footing, and so I think we should continue with the testimony.\" \"", "Thank you, Your Honor.\" \"", "We would love to continue with the testimony.\" \"", "He could only make notes on the past strategy.\" \"", "Got it.\" \" ", "How is he?\" \" ", "Good.\" \"", "Strangely good.\" \"", "He was wondering how you're doing.\" \"", "So, when you decided to speak to him, you didn't know that he had film of your daughter committing suicide?\" \"", "That's right.\" \"", "He lied to us.\" \"", "And that would have changed your mind\" \" about the interview?\" \" ", "Yes, definitely.\" \"", "We didn't want our daughter's death to be turned into a circus.\" \"", "Now, I just...\" \"I have to play it again just up to there.\" \"", "What is your daughter doing here?\" \"", "She's staring into the camera.\" \"", "And before this day, had she ever expressed suicidal thoughts?\" \"", "No, never.\" \"", "Then why did she do it?\" \"", "Because there were cameras on that bridge.\" \"", "He wanted her, or someone like her, to jump so that he could film it and sell his film.\" \"", "Objection, Your Honor.\" \"", "Calls for speculation.\" \"", "We will withdraw that, Your Honor.\" \"", "I'm sorry, Frank.\" \"", "I know it's difficult after everything that you've been through not to speak from the heart, but in court, we do have to go by the rules.\" \"", "Let me ask something I think Mrs. Florrick will allow me to ask.\" \"", "Do you see that there?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "And what do you see?\" \"", "The camera zooming in.\" \"", "Which tells you what?\" \"", "That he was more interested in getting a good shot than he was in saving my daughter's life.\" \"", "Just listen, Aidan.\" \"", "She's going to try and draw you into a conversation about filmmaking.\" \"", "Don't go there.\" \"", "The jury won't like it if you talk about shots.\" \"", "I have to answer the questions.\" \"", "You have to answer \"yes\" or \"no.\"\" \"", "You don't have to elaborate.\" \"", "Talk about why you made the film.\" \"", "Why you care about suicide.\" \"", "Maybe we should delay the trial and wait for Will to come back.\" \"", "Aidan, listen to me.\" \"", "I've worked on this case just as long as Will has.\" \"", "He's given the case to Alicia because he trusts her.\" \" ", "The judge doesn't trust her.\" \" ", "Doesn't matter.\" \"", "It's who the jury trusts.\" \"", "That's why you need to...\" \"Not get drawn into a conversation about aesthetics.\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "Right.\" \"", "Okay, take a deep breath.\" \"", "Eli, I am already triple-tasked with this trial as it is.\" \"", "I can't do any more...\" \"I'm not asking.\" \"", "This isn't about work.\" \"", "It's about you and Peter.\" \"", "Eli, can we do this later?\" \"", "We're meeting with Donna Brazile this afternoon.\" \"", "She is going to decide if Peter is the keynote speaker at the Democratic Convention.\" \" ", "Really?\" \" ", "Really.\" \"", "Hey, I am a good campaign strategist.\" \"", "But I need to know if you're divorcing Peter.\" \"", "Donna Brazile will not agree to the keynote\" \" if you are.\" \" ", "She won't...?\" \"", "Uh, it's none of her business.\" \"", "David Lee says he's your divorce attorney.\" \"", "Wait.\" \"", "David Lee said what?\" \"", "He said that he is your divorce attorney.\" \"", "Two weeks ago.\" \"", "He said that, due to attorney-client privilege, he can't say much.\" \" ", "He can't say anything.\" \" ", "I know.\" \"", "And I think you know that David Lee is not the greatest respecter of the niceties.\" \"", "So...\" \"I just worry that if he tells me, he'll tell more people.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "All right.\" \"", "We're back to you manipulating me.\" \"", "No.\" \"", "No.\" \"", "I just thought you should know what David Lee is saying behind your back.\" \"", "I'm just saying,\" \"I discussed it with the disciplinary board.\" \"", "Due to the fact that you are a name partner and therefore have business interests here, they have allowed you access to your office.\" \"", "So come back, Little Sheba.\" \"", "You hear that, Diane?\" \"", "That's the sound of chapter five being finished.\" \"", "A Failure of Principle:\" \"War's Impact on Supreme Court Decisions.\" \"", "It sounds like a best seller.\" \"", "Why don't you write your magnum opus here?\" \"", "We miss you, Will.\" \"", "I miss you.\" \"", "Come by here.\" \"", "It's quiet here.\" \"", "It's peaceful.\" \"", "Yeah, I'm tempted.\" \"", "We'll talk.\" \"", "Good-bye.\" \"", "Okay, one at a time.\" \"", "Hey, Willy.\" \"", "Guess who.\" \"", "I...\" \"What are you doing here?\" \"", "Making you feel better!\" \" ", "I heard you got fired.\" \" ", "I didn't get fired.\" \"", "So I got on an airplane and I rushed out here.\" \"", "That's what sisters do.\" \"", "Mm-hmm.\" \"", "And how long\" \" are you thinking of...\" \" Of staying?\" \"", "Long as it takes to get you back on your feet.\" \"", "Diane, do you have a minute?\" \"", "I know.\" \"", "We're all under stress.\" \"", "I'm looking for someone\" \" to join you in litigation.\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "Uh, well, yes, that's a part of it.\" \"", "I'm hoping to hire someone in the next two weeks.\" \"", "Uh, we just have to move\" \" for as many continuances as we can.\" \" ", "Yes.\" \"", "And, uh, fortunately, we haven't lost any of Will's clients.\" \"", "Mm-hmm.\" \"", "Okay, so that's part of it?\" \"", "What's the other part?\" \"", "Nature abhors a vacuum.\" \"", "So does our letterhead.\" \"", "I want to replace Will on the letterhead, and I want to take his office.\" \"", "Really?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "I'm taking on half his load, a third of his clients.\" \"", "And what about Will?\" \"", "Well, I think it's just realistic to assume that when he comes back, he'll have to struggle to reclaim the respect and business of his clients.\" \"", "So you want to be a name partner.\" \"", "I do.\" \"", "I think I've made that clear from the beginning.\" \"", "I think this is an opportune moment to make that shift.\" \"", "Caitlin, how are you?\" \"", "Hi.\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "How are you?\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "I think I'm going to need your help in the next few days.\" \"", "Sure... anything you need.\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "But didn't you want the images to have the beauty of your heroes?\" \"", "Martin Scorsese.\" \"", "Right?\" \"", "That's what you said in your deposition.\" \"", "He did Hugo, right?\" \"", "Ah, I loved Hugo.\" \"", "Yes, he did do Hugo.\" \"", "But he also does very violent films that you love.\" \"", "Gang movies.\" \"", "Yes, he makes gang movies.\" \"", "And isn't that what this was about?\" \"", "The beauty of violence?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Could you extrapolate?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "No further questions.\" \"", "Aidan.\" \"", "Was your cameraman zooming in on this shot instead of keeping Kara from committing suicide?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "There was no cameraman.\" \"", "We just locked off a camera and digitally fed it to the production office.\" \"", "Well, then, how is it zooming in?\" \"", "It's not.\" \"", "We did that in the editing room.\" \"", "We can digitally make it look like that\" \" to imitate a zoom.\" \" ", "You didn't want Kara\" \" to commit suicide?\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "My aunt committed suicide.\" \"", "I found her dead in our garage when I was eight.\" \"", "I know what you're going through.\" \"", "That's why I wanted to make this movie.\" \"", "To wake people up to the warning signs that someone in their family might commit suicide.\" \"", "And what did you do when you saw on the digital feed someone intending to jump?\" \"", "I called 911, of course.\" \"", "Objection, Your Honor, counsel has produced no record of this call.\" \" ", "It's not in evidence.\" \" ", "Yes, Mrs. Florrick.\" \"", "Ms. Crozier has a good point.\" \"", "Bring in proof of this 911 call, then you can put it in the record.\" \"", "The difficulty is, the City erases all 911 calls after 30 days.\" \"", "Can you get it from the 911 operator?\" \"", "Possibly, but I'm not getting much cooperation from Cook County.\" \"", "Even Cary?\" \"", "Especially Cary.\" \"", "I'm not going to talk about my marriage.\" \"", "I know, but if she asks about your marriage, just say every relationship has a few bumps, but you're working things out.\" \"", "Peter, do you want the keynote?\" \"", "I want to not sound like an idiot.\" \"", "Well, put it into your own words, then, but be vague.\" \"", "I'm not gonna lie.\" \"", "It's not lying.\" \"", "Aren't you working things out?\" \"", "I don't know what we're doing.\" \"", "That's working things out.\" \"", "Mr. Florrick, how are you?\" \"", "Ms. Brazile,\" \" it's a pleasure.\" \" ", "Call me Donna.\" \"", "Donna, I respect you mightily.\" \"", "Oh, come on, you do not.\" \"", "I'm just a pain in the ass.\" \"", "Well, I respect pains in the ass the most.\" \"", "Speaking of Eli, hello, Eli.\" \"", "Yes, sure, make me the butt of your jokes.\" \"", "So, Donna,\" \"I want the keynote.\" \"", "What do I have to do to get it?\" \"", "Impress me.\" \"", "Why do you want it?\" \"", "I want to talk about a country that gives second chances.\" \"", "It gave me a second chance to do some good.\" \"", "I had to tell him I'll announce when I'm ready to.\" \"", "Why do people not like him?\" \"", "Peter?\" \"", "People like Peter.\" \"", "I called around to check up on him, no one speaks up for him.\" \" ", "Depends on who you call.\" \" ", "No, it doesn't.\" \"", "I called his supporters, or I thought they were his supporters.\" \" ", "Who?\" \" ", "I'm not doing your job for you, Eli.\" \"", "Help me out.\" \"", "I want him to speak at the convention, but you need to get some people to support him.\" \"", "Support breeds support.\" \"", "We should start our own music group.\" \"", "A brother and sister group.\" \"", "You don't like being a lawyer anyway.\" \"", "What are you talking about?\" \"", "Yeah, I do.\" \"", "No, you don't; you never did.\" \"", "You only did it 'cause Dad wanted you to.\" \"", "I did it because it was a smart thing to do.\" \"", "So, you did it;\" \"Now do something else.\" \"", "You know I have a big firm now?\" \"", "Now, I know you guys think\" \"I'm just some schmuck in Chicago, but I have 300 employees waiting on my word.\" \"", "Sounds great.\" \"", "I swear, I could win the Nobel Prize, and you'd still think I gave up my calling.\" \"", "You didn't call Sara, did you?\" \"", "Sara, our sister?\" \" ", "Why would I call her?\" \" ", "You did.\" \" ", "I didn't.\" \" ", "Come on, Aubrey.\" \"", "I got work to do around here.\" \"", "She'll just boss me around.\" \"", "I did not call her.\" \"", "Okay, I did.\" \"", "But I knew if I didn't, she'd kill me.\" \"", "When is she arriving?\" \"", "Her flight, in about an hour.\" \"", "I told her you'd pick her up.\" \"", "Hello?\" \"", "Hey, it's me;\" \"I'm just checking in.\" \"", "Hi, how's it going?\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "Our client did well on the stand.\" \"", "Thanks for the advice.\" \" ", "No problem.\" \" ", "Who's that?\" \"", "You've got your sweet voice on.\" \"", "Shh, I do not.\" \"", "Yes, you do.\" \"", "I, um...\" \"Will, I just wanted to ask, um...\" \"I think they're putting the editor on next.\" \"", "You think it's an easy objection?\" \"", "Tyler v. Hasserbach.\" \"", "It's a cinch.\" \"", "Okay, thanks, bye.\" \"", "So, you edit this stuff together?\" \" ", "The film?\" \" ", "Yes, uh, with the director.\" \"", "We place the music where it is, and we also manipulate the images.\" \"", "So, can you tell us how some of the images were manipulated?\" \"", "Objection, Your Honor, relevance?\" \"", "The images were manipulated to romanticize suicide.\" \"", "Even if what Ms. Crozier is saying is true, Your Honor...\" \"Your Honor?\" \"", "The images were the result of Kara's suicide, not the cause.\" \" ", "Tyler v. Hasserbach.\" \" ", "Yes, except for the YouTube promo put on the Internet by your client.\" \"", "Why don't we let this go on a bit, Mrs. Florrick?\" \" ", "Overruled.\" \" ", "So, during the editing, did Mr. Stoddard ever voice concern about the project?\" \"", "Yes, uh, he was afraid there wasn't enough footage from the suicide bridge.\" \"", "There's usually 15 suicides a year from that bridge.\" \"", "Uh, he had his cameras up for nine months, but there was only one.\" \"", "This one.\" \"", "Yes, Cynthia Caracetti.\" \"", "So, Mr. Stoddard decided to create a YouTube video?\" \"", "Yes, to gain attention, that's what he said.\" \"", "I needed financing, that's all.\" \"", "So, how did you manipulate the image of this young woman committing suicide?\" \"", "We digitally enhanced the sky, making it softer, bluer.\" \"", "Those clouds were added, and we, uh, added some greenery to the trees.\" \"", "I see.\" \"", "Is this the original image?\" \"", "Yes, oh, and, uh, we added mist to the waterfall.\" \"", "Excuse me, that's what filmmakers do, beautify.\" \"", "Mr. Stoddard, that's enough, please.\" \"", "Thank you, Your Honor.\" \"", "Now, let's discuss the music.\" \"", "How did Mr. Stoddard\" \" choose the music?\" \" ", "Aidan wanted the, uh, most romantic and sad music possible.\" \"", "And how many songs did you try against it?\" \"", "I don't know, uh, 30.\" \"", "We tried the Celine Dion song \"My Heart Will Go On.\"\" \"", "But it was too expensive.\" \"", "And after the YouTube video was posted on the Internet, how many suicides were there?\" \"", "Our cameras caught five in the next two months.\" \" ", "Come on, Horton.\" \" ", "I'm no saying I did.\" \"", "I'm not saying I didn't.\" \"", "Which means you did.\" \"", "Donna Brazile called me.\" \"", "I was honest.\" \"", "I used to like Peter, but I think he's lost his way.\" \"", "How has he lost his way?\" \"", "He thinks he can go it on his own, so be my guest.\" \"", "Meaning he didn't offer you a position in the state's attorney's office.\" \"", "He didn't offer me anything.\" \"", "It's a bad economy.\" \"", "I had to accept a job at a think tank.\" \"", "It isn't just me.\" \"", "There are people that got Peter Florrick elected, and he didn't return the favor.\" \"", "He's trying to run a clean office, Horton.\" \"", "He's basing hiring on merit.\" \"", "Well, that's how you offend a friend, isn't it?\" \"", "I guess I don't merit.\" \"", "They call it patronage for a reason, Eli.\" \"", "You want a favor, you want me to praise Peter to Donna Brazile,\" \"I want a job.\" \"", "Mrs. Florrick?\" \"", "You needed me?\" \"", "Yes, Caitlin, you know how we're all short-handed around here with Mr. Gardner out and everyone picking up the slack?\" \"", "Yes, how is Mr. Gardner?\" \"", "He's good.\" \"", "Um, you're up on the Aidan Stoddard case?\" \" ", "I am;\" \"I think it's fascinating.\" \" ", "Good.\" \"", "I need you in court today.\" \"", "In what capacity?\" \"", "Cross-examination.\" \"", "Mrs. Florrick, I...\" \"This will be my first time.\" \"", "I know.\" \"", "You did well in arbitration, and everyone needs a first time.\" \"", "Caitlin, you can do this, believe me.\" \"", "Okay, if that's what you want.\" \"", "No, I think it's good.\" \"", "Is she ready for court?\" \"", "You don't put fruit in the refrigerator, Will.\" \"", "You just buy new fruit.\" \"", "Good, the key is getting the Facebook evidence in.\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "Who was that?\" \"", "Someone from work.\" \"", "Am I gonna recognize my kitchen when you're done, Sara?\" \"", "I hope not.\" \"", "That's why we put coffee filters by the coffee.\" \"", "Doesn't that make sense?\" \"", "Problem is, he needs a girlfriend.\" \"", "Did you even try to fight the suspension, Will?\" \" ", "Did you?\" \" ", "Wasn't something you fought.\" \"", "Where has the beer been reorganized?\" \"", "I could have Roger make a call.\" \"", "Sara, your husband's a port master.\" \"", "Will's not trying to locate a boat.\" \"", "He knows people, that's all I'm saying.\" \"", "And it's better than sitting around all day, playing guitar.\" \"", "Maybe you should get another job.\" \"", "You guys do know my firm has $38 million in yearly assets, right?\" \"", "Roger could call his friend at the Bar Association.\" \"", "He knows people.\" \"", "You know, I'm fine.\" \" ", "I have money...\" \" Or maybe he could refer you to someone to get another job.\" \"", "I just said that.\" \"", "Why do you always take what I say and repeat it?\" \"", "It doesn'matter who said it; if it's true.\" \"", "Yeah, but I said it.\" \"", "Okay, I'm gonna go over here and talk to myself.\" \"", "Wait, what about a girlfriend?\" \"", "Why aren't you seeing someone?\" \"", "He is... the woman on the phone.\" \"", "Who's she?\" \"", "Some lawyer.\" \"", "It makes him upset when we talk about it.\" \"", "Does it, Will?\" \"", "Who is she?\" \"", "How long are you two staying?\" \"", "Where's your yearbook?\" \"", "There were some girls in high school, remember?\" \"", "No, he likes younger women.\" \"", "Your Honor, not only is this\" \"Facebook page irrelevant, but it's a bit of a desecration of poor Kara to use it in court.\" \"", "Your Honor, I think I need your help.\" \"", "With what, Miss...?\" \"", "D'Arcy.\" \"", "I don't understand how this evidence pertaining to the cause of Kara's suicide can be irrelevant when that's what the plaintiff is suing us for.\" \"", "For being that cause.\" \"", "But that's not what this is.\" \"", "This is Kara's Facebook page, and to make it seem...\" \"Like her thoughts just before she died...\" \"No.\" \"", "That's not what I was saying.\" \"", "I'm sorry, I interrupted.\" \"", "Yes, you did, I'm...\" \"If I could continue...\" \"It's a desecration.\" \"", "Yes, you said that.\" \"", "Nicely done.\" \"", "You take the questioning.\" \"", "She doesn't like me, does she?\" \"", "Not one bit.\" \"", "We started going out two years ago.\" \"", "And you were her tutor before that?\" \"", "Yes, and after that, every Tuesday and Thursday.\" \"", "Now, you claimed in your testimony, um, that...\" \"Um...\" \"One second.\" \"", "Go right for the YouTube.\" \"", "Sorry about that, Your Honor.\" \"", "My first time in court.\" \"", "Objection.\" \"", "Your Honor, do we really need the personal touch?\" \"", "No, you're right, sustained.\" \"", "Sorry about that.\" \"", "Just nervous.\" \" ", "You're doing fine.\" \" ", "Thank you.\" \"", "Now, Derek, you claimed that Kara didn't consider suicide until after she saw my client's YouTube preview\" \" of the suicide.\" \" ", "Yeah, that's right.\" \"", "It was right around then.\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "Do you recognize this?\" \"", "Yes, that's Kara's Facebook page.\" \"", "Could you read the quote she posted?\" \"\"", "Down in the graveyard, they're all quiet, and the women have got to hold their tongues.\"\" \"", "Right.\" \"", "What's that from?\" \"", "Ethan Frome.\" \"", "Which is a novel about hopeless lovers who resort to suicide?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "And she added this to her Facebook page six months before she saw the YouTube video?\" \"", "Objection.\" \"", "Your Honor, is Miss D'Arcy really trying to blame a novel?\" \"", "Seems to make about as much sense as blaming a video.\" \"", "Well, I see both your points.\" \"", "But I'm going to have to overrule that objection.\" \"", "And five months before seeing the YouTube video, what did she write on her Facebook page there?\" \"\"", "For her life, which will be so much happier without me.\"\" \"", "And that's from Kurt Cobain's suicide note, isn't it?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "And, finally... this is three months before seeing the YouTube video... could you read that?\" \"", "I understand.\" \"", "I'll read it.\" \"\"", "Every time you leave me, you push me closer to the edge.\"\" \"", "And that's under a photo of you, isn't it?\" \"", "She took it down right after she wrote it.\" \"", "Wouldn't you say that reflected suicidal tendencies?\" \"", "No, she talked, she always talked, but she didn't really want to do it until she watched his video.\" \"", "She played it over and over.\" \"", "Just as she read Ethan Frome over and over?\" \"", "That's not the same thing.\" \" ", "Why isn't it?\" \" ", "One's a book, and one's a video.\" \"", "I don't know.\" \"", "It's just different.\" \"", "Derek, you and Kara were supposed to go out the weekend before she died,\" \" weren't you?\" \"", "What happened?\" \" ", "What do you mean?\" \"", "I mean, you didn't go out, did you?\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "I was busy.\" \"", "I didn't even speak to her that weekend.\" \"", "Because you were actually on a last-minute skiing trip with friends, weren't you?\" \"", "That has nothing to do with this.\" \"", "Nothing.\" \"", "She knew I was going.\" \"", "Really? \"", "Every time you leave me,\"\" \"you push me closer to the edge.\"\" \"", "I did not cause this.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "No further questions.\" \"", "Wow, that was amazing, Caitlin.\" \"", "Thank you, Ms. Lockhart.\" \"", "We'll have to talk.\" \"", "Then be clean.\" \"", "I'm not telling you how to run your office.\" \"", "You are telling me how to run my office if you're telling me to hire someone that's inadequate.\" \"", "He's not inadequate.\" \"", "Horton Baker is one of the best lawyers in town.\" \"", "Horton Baker is a friend of mine.\" \"", "I told you that I wasn't hiring any friends.\" \"", "Do you see how crazy this is?\" \"", "Your friends get penalized, your enemies get promotions.\" \"", "Eli, we have to make a separation between what you do and what I do.\" \"", "I have to run this office.\" \"", "You have to get me elected.\" \"", "And I can't do that, Peter.\" \"", "That's why I'm coming to you.\" \"", "I can't do it.\" \"", "You're not getting the keynote.\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "I thought that was a good meeting.\" \"", "It was a good meeting.\" \"", "Donna Brazile likes you, but your friends are speaking ill of you.\" \"", "There's still a chance of a convention spot earlier in the week.\" \"", "Prime time?\" \"", "Maybe.\" \"", "You need friends, Peter.\" \"", "You need people to call up on your behalf.\" \"", "It's not unclean to offer patronage.\" \"", "It's the way things are done.\" \"", "It's the way things have always been done.\" \"", "I get it.\" \"", "Thanks, Eli.\" \"", "Peter, if you're not taking the governorship seriously,\" \"I need time to plan my future.\" \"", "How much time?\" \"", "All 911 calls are erased.\" \"", "After 30 days.\" \"", "Yes, I know that.\" \"", "But your office is prosecuting a robbery that happened that same night.\" \"", "So the tape was preserved.\" \"", "So send a subpoena.\" \"", "You know the drill.\" \"", "You'll have it in a few weeks.\" \"", "I need it today.\" \"", "Cary?\" \"", "Cary, Cary, the tape?\" \"", "I'll look into it.\" \"* *\" \"", "I think I see a man on Glenhurst Bridge and he's about to jump.\" \"", "Please hurry.\" \"", "It took them 42 minutes to send a patrol car?\" \"", "And I discovered that it takes the police 48 minutes, on average, to respond to a call.\" \"", "And the suicide hotline phones on the bridge are out of order.\" \"", "We can implead the City.\" \"", "Make them our codefendants.\" \"", "And give them an incentive to move faster on the 911 call.\" \" ", "Good work.\" \" ", "Thanks.\" \"", "One more thing.\" \"", "I've been reassigned your tax case.\" \"", "The one Will was handling?\" \"", "The IRS is claiming that the businesses you reported receiving income from don't exist.\" \"", "Well, they're wrong.\" \"", "You have proof?\" \"", "Yeah, what's up?\" \"", "Oh, I just had a question.\" \" ", "Okay.\" \" ", "I can get proof.\" \"", "Okay, thanks.\" \"", "I've been looking over my priorities for the year, David, and I wanted to thank you for setting up my children's trusts, but I won't need any more help.\" \"", "You're dismissing me?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "I've decided not to divorce.\" \"", "Really?\" \"", "It's a bad time.\" \"", "Well, I can wait till it's a good time.\" \"", "No, thank you.\" \"", "I've decided to go another way.\" \"", "Sure.\" \"", "Why not?\" \"", "Whatever you want.\" \"", "The customer's always right, huh?\" \"", "Thank you, David, for all your hard...\" \"Alicia, look at me.\" \"", "I don't give a damn.\" \"", "Will is gone, and Diane is alone at the top.\" \"", "And that's bad?\" \"", "That's an imbalance.\" \"", "This firm needs two at the top.\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "Because Diane is an ideologue.\" \"", "She pursues cases that cost us money because they are \"right,\" not because they're worthy.\" \"", "So, you're looking to me to support you in a vote to replace Will?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "And in turn, I will support you.\" \"", "In what?\" \"", "In any way you want.\" \"", "You and David Lee don't like each other.\" \"", "I don't think that has anything to do with this.\" \"", "Sure, you get enough votes together,\" \"I'll support you.\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "Thank you, Eli.\" \"", "Let's just keep this between you and I, okay?\" \"", "Sure.\" \"", "Keep me in touch on this, Julius.\" \"", "You want a magazine or something?\" \"", "Who was that lacrosse player you dated senior year?\" \"", "Jane something.\" \"", "Jane Trout?\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "Just seeing what Jane Trout is up to these days.\" \"", "Are you trying to find all of my exes online?\" \"", "Oh, look, she still lives in Chicago.\" \"", "Didn't you give her your class ring?\" \"", "I didn't give her my class ring.\" \"", "She stole it.\" \"", "She was a kleptomaniac.\" \"", "Why don't we look up someone for you, Aubrey?\" \"", "Because I'm a committed Buddhist.\" \"", "You are not.\" \"", "You're making things up.\" \"", "And since when have Buddhists been unable to date?\" \"", "See how he did that?\" \" ", "He changed the conversation to me?\" \" ", "She's right.\" \"", "How's your job going, Sara?\" \" ", "Oh, no, no.\" \" ", "Here's the thing.\" \"", "I'm taking a break:\" \"From the law, from dating, from even thinking about dating.\" \"", "I like not thinking...\" \"just for a moment.\" \"", "She's cute.\" \"", "Go for it.\" \"", "I promise not to tell your husband.\" \"", "Ha.\" \"", "So who was this woman on the phone?\" \"", "No idea.\" \"", "Someone on the suicide case.\" \"", "Yes, sir?\" \"", "Yeah, uh, so we need to make room for a new ASA.\" \"", "I didn't know we were hiring.\" \"", "We weren't, but now we are.\" \"", "We need some new blood in this place.\" \"", "I'll put out some feelers.\" \"", "No, no, no.\" \"", "I've already hired someone.\" \"", "Horton Baker.\" \"", "I see.\" \"", "You see?\" \"", "I see you needed to hire someone.\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "What department?\" \"", "Head of felony review.\" \"", "And, sir, do you want any consultation on any of this?\" \"", "No, I don't want any consultation.\" \"", "I just want you to do it.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "ASA Pine is the current head of felony review.\" \"", "I'll have to move her out.\" \"", "Move her out.\" \"", "I'm on it.\" \"", "Your Honor, the defense is just trying to shift blame.\" \"", "Yes, to the guilty party.\" \"", "It was the City's negligence that was responsible.\" \"", "All we ask is that they be made a third-party defendant in our suit.\" \"", "Because of a broken hotline phone?\" \"", "And their delayed 911 response time.\" \"", "Here are the timelines from five separate incidents.\" \"", "The City has also refused to put barriers on the bridge.\" \"", "They've prioritized aesthetics over saving lives.\" \"", "This is just a bald attempt to force the City to hand over a tape of Aidan's 911 call.\" \"", "We are just trying to help Ms. Crozier and her clients punish the true culprits here.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "I think we're doing just fine on our own.\" \"", "It really takes them 48 minutes?\" \"", "She's shown tremendous promise, and you've been an exceptional mentor.\" \" ", "Thank you.\" \" ", "That's why I want you to be the first to know\" \"I have decided to make Caitlin a full litigator.\" \"", "I know it's fast.\" \"", "But with Will gone, we need everybody to step up.\" \"", "I understand.\" \"", "But you disagree?\" \"", "I think Caitlin is good.\" \"", "She's very quick.\" \"", "I think she needs some time to get comfortable.\" \"", "I threw you in over your head and you didn't take long to get comfortable.\" \"", "That's true.\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "Then can I ask you a favor?\" \"", "Would you mind sharing your assistant?\" \"", "Just until we get one?\" \" ", "Sure.\" \" ", "Great.\" \"", "It's just for a few weeks.\" \"", "And it'll give you a chance to help supervise her.\" \"", "Mm-hmm.\" \"", "Thanks.\" \"", "Hello there.\" \"", "And, David.\" \"", "What do you need?\" \"", "I have never shown an interest in management.\" \"", "No, you haven't.\" \"", "I like doing.\" \"", "I don't like... helping others do.\" \"", "But I'm stepping up because I think there are people who have an eye on Will's office.\" \"", "They pretend to have the firm's interests at heart, but what they really want is their name on the letterhead and an equal vote with you.\" \"", "And you're stepping up for...?\" \"", "Taking Will's place.\" \"", "No, David.\" \"", "You would hate it.\" \"", "You hate people.\" \"", "I don't hate people.\" \"", "I hate... some people.\" \"", "I am being selfless here.\" \"", "Well, um, let me consider it.\" \"", "Here's the thing.\" \"", "When Will comes back, you know I'll give up the seat.\" \"", "I don't want the seat.\" \"", "So you know I'll give it up.\" \"", "Thank you, David.\" \"", "I hear the 911 tape miraculously surfaced.\" \" ", "I told you I would look into it.\" \" ", "Yeah.\" \"", "I just thought you needed a little... nudge.\" \"", "Next time, don't drag the City into your mess.\" \"", "You're in a bad mood.\" \"", "I am.\" \"", "So you'll drop the request to implead?\" \"", "911.\" \"", "What's your emergency?\" \"", "Oh, my God, she's going to jump.\" \"", "Who is going to jump?\" \"", "There's a girl on the Glenhurst Bridge.\" \"", "She climbed over the railing.\" \"", "I can't get to her.\" \"", "We're dispatching an officer now.\" \"", "Please hurry!\" \"", "Your Honor, this tape has not been authenticated.\" \"", "We obtained it directly from the state's attorney's office.\" \" ", "Overruled.\" \" ", "Your Honor, we ask for a short recess.\" \"", "Granted.\" \"", "She's scrambling.\" \"", "You screw up a grand jury investigation, and I'm the one getting the demotion?\" \"", "It's... it's not a demotion.\" \"", "I'm being moved out of felony review.\" \"", "That's a demotion.\" \"", "To-to free you up more for court.\" \"", "Did your girlfriend put you up to this?\" \"", "ASA Lodge is not my girlfriend, and this is my decision.\" \"", "Good thing you're not the final word around here.\" \"", "Deputy.\" \"", "Lockhart-Gold.\" \"", "Sounds almost regal, doesn't it?\" \"", "Let me just save you the energy\" \" and repeat what I've already told the others...\" \" I...\" \" am not the others.\" \" ", "Eli.\" \"", "You only just became an equity partner a few months ago.\" \"", "And Obama was only a U.S. senator for two years\" \" before he announced his candidacy.\" \" ", "Eli...\" \"You're going to be running the governor's campaign.\" \"", "I don't know if I am.\" \"", "Things are in flux.\" \"", "Well, I'm holding the spot for Will.\" \"", "We can outvote you.\" \"", "We?\" \"", "Me and my...\" \"fostered relationships.\" \"", "So you're no longer the last kid picked for the mutiny.\" \"", "Congratulations.\" \"", "It's your choice, Diane.\" \"", "Either you decide, or... you let the others decide for you.\" \"", "Hi there.\" \"", "Hi.\" \"", "Uh...\" \"I'm looking for Will?\" \"", "He's in the shower.\" \"", "I'm his sister Sara.\" \"", "Come on in.\" \"", "Oh.\" \"", "Hi.\" \"", "And this is his younger sister Aubrey.\" \" ", "Hi.\" \" ", "Hello.\" \"", "Uh, I'm Kalinda.\" \"", "Oh, what a sweet name.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "So, it's odd.\" \"", "William has this whole other life we never get to glimpse.\" \"", "Do you work with him?\" \"", "I do.\" \"", "On this case he's on?\" \"", "The suicide case?\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "Sit down.\" \"", "Here.\" \"", "We don't bite.\" \"", "Not hard, anyway.\" \"", "Can I get you anything to drink, Kalinda?\" \"", "A beer, maybe some wine?\" \"", "Are you on the clock right now?\" \"", "Kalinda.\" \"", "Hi.\" \"", "William.\" \"", "We were just getting better acquainted with Kalinda.\" \"", "Mm-hmm.\" \"", "She says you're not dating.\" \" ", "Oh.\" \"", "Dear God.\" \" ", "Do you have a moment, Will?\" \"", "Oh, I'm sorry, you guys probably want to talk in private.\" \"", "Just ignore them.\" \"", "Nice meeting you.\" \"", "So.\" \"", "Family, huh?\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "What's going on?\" \"", "You need to get back to work.\" \" ", "I'm suspended, Kalinda.\" \" ", "There's a lot of movement.\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "David Lee and Julius.\" \"", "I figured.\" \"", "Eli, too.\" \"", "They want to fill the vacuum.\" \" ", "Just... just show your face.\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "Thanks, but...\" \"I need to make a go of this.\" \" ", "Everything good with Alicia's case?\" \" ", "Yeah.\" \"", "You, uh...\" \"you gave her my case, too?\" \"", "Will... if this is your way of trying to make things better between us...\" \"No.\" \"", "It's my way of trying to save your ass.\" \"", "Your, uh, sisters seem interesting.\" \"", "Yep.\" \"", "Could you get them arrested?\" \"", "Ms. Norris.\" \"", "When you worked on this film, were there rules for the crew as to how to handle potential jumpers?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "The rules were carefully spelled out.\" \"", "If someone stepped over the railing onto the ledge,\" \" we were to call 911.\" \" ", "I see.\" \"", "So if someone was standing on the bridge for say, 40 minutes, looking down at the water, crying, that wouldn't trigger a 911 call?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Just someone over the railing.\" \"", "The defense has admitted evidence that it takes, on average, 48 minutes for the police to respond to a potential jumper.\" \"", "If you wait until someone is on the ledge, how many lives did you actually save?\" \"", "No one.\" \"", "It was nice to hear from you again so soon, Donna.\" \"", "I've been told by your friends you are someone worth getting to know better.\" \"", "They've been filling up my phone sheet all week.\" \"", "I hope they haven't been too aggressive.\" \"", "There's nothing wrong with aggressive.\" \"", "Long as they don't start showing up at my house.\" \"", "Well, I'm an open book.\" \"", "What would you like to know?\" \"", "Forgive me for being blunt... but are you and your wife still living apart?\" \"", "We are.\" \"", "For the moment.\" \"", "But we're committed to making our marriage work.\" \"", "I'm glad to hear that.\" \"", "It would be my pleasure to meet her someday.\" \"", "Maybe someday in September?\" \"", "In Charlotte?\" \"", "I already said she knew I was going on a ski trip.\" \"", "Yeah, but you also said that you didn't speak with her that weekend.\" \"", "And we have phone records to show that you spoke with her for 37 minutes.\" \"", "You argued, didn't you?\" \"", "No.\" \"", "Stop blaming me for this.\" \"", "You lied on the stand, Derek.\" \"", "What did you argue about?\" \"", "We didn't argue.\" \"", "All right.\" \"", "Then you talked.\" \"", "What did you talk about?\" \"", "She said she wasn't coming back to school next year.\" \" ", "Because of you?\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "It wasn't her choice.\" \"", "Look, I'm sorry I lied.\" \"", "I just didn't want anyone to think I was responsible.\" \"", "Then who is responsible?\" \"", "I'm sorry, Mr. Anderson.\" \"", "I know this is difficult for you.\" \"", "I just have one question.\" \"", "All right.\" \"", "When did you inform your daughter that you would no longer be paying her college tuition?\" \"", "Objection, Your Honor.\" \"", "Relevance?\" \"", "Any financial hardship or pressure placed on the victim is relevant to a lawsuit about what motivated her to commit suicide.\" \"", "Please answer the question, Mr. Anderson.\" \"", "We had an agreement that she had to maintain at least a 3.8 GPA.\" \"", "But she failed her final exams.\" \"", "I understand.\" \"", "But my question was:\" \"When did you tell her you were no longer supporting her?\" \"", "Two days before she died.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "We'll give you a disclaimer at the beginning of the movie.\" \"", "Your client can still be held liable.\" \"", "It doesn't matter who else you try and blame.\" \"", "It does to a jury.\" \"", "A disclaimer, plus a donation of half the film's profits to a suicide awareness campaign.\" \"", "So how does Mexican sound for dinner?\" \"", "Should we make a reservation for three or four?\" \"", "P.M.?\" \"", "No, people.\" \"", "My math's a little rusty, but...\" \"Oh, no, no.\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "We want to get to know Kalinda better.\" \"", "I like her.\" \"", "And I don't like any of your girlfriends.\" \"", "I am not dating Kalinda.\" \" ", "I am not dating anyone.\" \" ", "You're pining for her.\" \" ", "I can see...\" \" You work together.\" \"", "It's natural.\" \"", "You need someone special in your life, Will.\" \"", "You need organization.\" \"", "You're not getting any younger.\" \"", "Women think it's cute now.\" \"", "In another five years...\" \"Roger did so much for my life.\" \"", "You think you don't need a spouse.\" \"", "Especially now.\" \"", "You're out of work.\" \"", "You need someone.\" \"", "You lasted a full week.\" \"", "I'm impressed.\" \"", "Could have lasted longer.\" \"", "You have my sisters to thank for that.\" \"", "I'll send flowers.\" \"", "You know I can't practice law.\" \"", "I know.\" \"", "But you can offer updates on your ongoing cases.\" \" ", "Did we fire Caitlin?\" \" ", "No.\" \"", "We promoted her.\" \"", "Anything else I should know about?\" \"", "Just that I can't promise that everyone will be quite so pleased to see you back.\"" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow can I make the underline change color every time the page loads?", "\n\nI would like the underline under my text to change color randomly every time the page loads.", "\nI have had success using this script before:\n<script type=\"text/javascript\">\n var classes = ['red', 'blue', 'yellow'];\n var random_class = classes[Math.floor(Math.random() * classes.length)];\n var title = document.getElementById('decor');\n classes.forEach((el) => {\n title.classList.remove(el);\n });\n title.classList.add(random_class);\n</script>\n\nwith this on my CSS:\n.red {\nbox-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 ##FF0000;\n}\n\n.yellow {\nbox-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 #FFFF00;\n}\n\n.blue {\nbox-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 #0000FF;\n}\n\nBut I cannot (newb here) rig it with my current code (see snippet below)\n\nbody {\r\n background-color: #FFFFFF;\r\n margin: 0px;\r\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\r\n -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.container {\r\n display: block;\r\n width: 85%;\r\n /*center vertically & horizontally*/\r\n position:absolute; top:50%; left:50%;\r\n -webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n -moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n -ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\na, a:visited, a:hover {\r\n -ms-text-align-last: justify;\r\n -moz-text-align-last: justify;\r\n text-align-last: justify;\r\n text-decoration: none;\r\n color: #000000;\r\n\r\n} \r\n\r\n\r\n#test1 {\r\n display: inline-block;\r\n height: auto;\r\n width: auto;\r\n visibility: visible;\r\n font-family: \"Times New Roman\", Times, serif;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n line-height: 7.5vw;\r\n margin: 0;\r\n font-size: 7.7vw;\r\n font-weight: bold;\r\n position: relative;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#test1:before {\r\n content: \"\";\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 #00f9ff;\r\n position: absolute;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n height: 100%;\r\n transform: scaleX(0);\r\n transform-origin: left;\r\n animation-name: stretchRight;\r\n animation-duration: 0.8s;\r\n animation-fill-mode: forwards;\r\n animation-timing-function: ease-out;\r\n z-index:-1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n@keyframes stretchRight {\r\n 0% {\r\n transform: scaleX(0);\r\n }\r\n 100% {\r\n transform: scaleX(1);\r\n }\r\n}\n <body>\r\n <div class=\"container\">\r\n <div id=\"test1\"><a href=\"http://i.imgur.com/dqkgUe8.jpg\">hello darkness my old</a></div>\r\n </div>\r\n </div>\r\n </body>\n\nHow can I rig them together to make it so that the underline changes color every time the page loads?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can add the .red, .yellow, .blue,.etc... classes to your css and have javascript pick one of those classes and add it dynamically to test1. ", "Since the number of colors to choose from is small, the colors might repeat very often. ", "If you want to ensure that the colors are different, you might need to use a cookie to store then value.", "\n\nfunction getRandomIntInclusive(min, max) {\r\n min = Math.ceil(min);\r\n max = Math.floor(max);\r\n return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;\r\n}\r\n\r\nvar classes = ['red', 'blue', 'yellow','green','cyan','magenta','orange','black'];\r\nvar random_index = getRandomIntInclusive(0, classes.length -1);\r\nvar title = document.getElementById('test1');\r\nvar random_class= classes[random_index];\r\ntitle.classList.add(random_class);\nbody {\r\n background-color: #FFFFFF;\r\n margin: 0px;\r\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\r\n -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.container {\r\n display: block;\r\n width: 85%;\r\n /*center vertically & horizontally*/\r\n position: absolute;\r\n top: 50%;\r\n left: 50%;\r\n -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n -moz-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n -ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\na,\r\na:visited,\r\na:hover {\r\n -ms-text-align-last: justify;\r\n -moz-text-align-last: justify;\r\n text-align-last: justify;\r\n text-decoration: none;\r\n color: #000000;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#test1 {\r\n display: inline-block;\r\n height: auto;\r\n width: auto;\r\n visibility: visible;\r\n font-family: \"Times New Roman\", Times, serif;\r\n text-align: center;\r\n line-height: 7.5vw;\r\n margin: 0;\r\n font-size: 7.7vw;\r\n font-weight: bold;\r\n position: relative;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#test1:before {\r\n content: \"\";\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 #00f9ff;\r\n position: absolute;\r\n width: 100%;\r\n height: 100%;\r\n transform: scaleX(0);\r\n transform-origin: left;\r\n animation-name: stretchRight;\r\n animation-duration: 0.8s;\r\n animation-fill-mode: forwards;\r\n animation-timing-function: ease-out;\r\n z-index: -1;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.red:before {\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 red !", "important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.yellow:before {\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 yellow !", "important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.blue:before {\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 blue !", "important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.green:before {\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 green !", "important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cyan:before {\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 cyan !", "important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.magenta:before {\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 magenta !", "important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.orange:before {\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 orange !", "important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.black:before {\r\n box-shadow: inset 0 -1.3vw 0 0 black !", "important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@keyframes stretchRight {\r\n 0% {\r\n transform: scaleX(0);\r\n }\r\n 100% {\r\n transform: scaleX(1);\r\n }\r\n}\n<body>\r\n <div class=\"container\">\r\n <div id=\"test1\"><a href=\"http://i.imgur.com/dqkgUe8.jpg\">hello darkness my old</a>\r\n </div>\r\n </div>\r\n</body>\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\npython Threadsafe lock on loop\n\nCan someone please tell me if the following is threadsafe or not and if it isnt what must I do to make it so.", "\nNote: this only a small sample, not sure if it runs.", "\nTIMER = True\ntime_lock = threading.", "Lock()\ndef timing():\n while TIMER:\n # some logic will be here for now print time\n print time.time()\n\ntimer = threading.", "Thread(target=timing)\ntimer2 = threading.", "Thread(target=timing)\ntimer.start()\ntimer2.start()\n\nwhile True:\n time_lock.aquire()\n if doSomeStuff():\n TIMER = True\n if otherThings():\n break\n time_lock.aquire()\n TIMER = False\n time_lock.release()\n\ntime_lock.aquire()\nTIMER = False\ntime_lock.release()\n\nA:\n\nIt depends a bit on which implementation you are using, and what you are doing.", "\nFirst, in the de facto standard implementation of python (\"cpython\"), only one thread is allowed to run at a time since some internals of the python interpreter aren't thread-safe. ", "This is controlled by the Global Interpreter Lock (aka \"GIL\"). ", "So in cpython, you don't really need extra locks at all; the GIL makes sure that only one thread at a time is running python code and possibly changing variables. ", "This is a feature of the implementation, not of the language.", "\nSecond, if only one thread writes to a simple variable and others only read it you don't need a lock either, for obvious reasons. ", "It is however up to you as the programmer to make sure that this is the case, and it is easy to make mistakes with that.", "\nEven assinging to a simple variable might not need a lock. ", "In python variables are more like labels used to refer to an object, rather than boxes where you can put something in. ", "So simple assignments are atomic (in the sense that they cannot be interrupted halfway), as you can see when you look at the generated python bytecode:\nIn [1]: import dis\n\nIn [2]: x = 7\n\nIn [3]: def setx():\n global x\n x = 12\n ...: \n\nIn [4]: dis.dis(setx)\n 3 0 LOAD_CONST 1 (12)\n 3 STORE_GLOBAL 0 (x)\n 6 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)\n 9 RETURN_VALUE \n\nThe only code that changes x is the single STORE_GLOBAL opcode. ", "So the variable is either changed or it isn't; there is no inconsistent state inbetween. ", "\nBut if you e.g. want to test a variable for a certain value, and perform an action while that test still holds true, you do need a lock. ", "Because another thread could have changed the variable just after you tested it.", "\nThings like appending to a list or swapping variables are not atomic. ", "But again in cpython these would be protected by the GIL. ", "In other implementations you'd need a lock around such operations to protect against possible inconsistencies.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Know winning candidate list for PMC Election PMC GENERAL Election Booth Wise Voting Count . ", "E-Mail id: [email protected] 10 Feb PUNE: The district administration has set up 24 help centres to assist citizens Accept photos to be included in voters' list and also for voter ID. ", "9 Nov India News: The Election Commission of India (ECI) has made the process of updating your address in your voter ID card a very simple.", "\n\n9 Jan Your Voter ID card serves as general purpose identity proof, address proof and age proof such as buying a mobile phone SIM or applying for a. Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra Chief Electoral Officer,Maharashtra. ", "Search Your Name By Name Wise ID Card Wise. ", "Apply online for registration of new voter/due to shifting from AC. ", "Click here. ", "Apply online for registration of overseas voter. ", "Click here. ", "Deletion or objection in . ", "18 Feb Voter ID Card remains a quintessential part of the rights offered to a citizen by the constitution of India. ", "Part of the initiative of Election. ", "Apply for voter card online application in Pune. ", "Download the Voter ID Card Application form at Investment Junction in Pune.", "\n\nIt will take you just 20 minutes of Effort to Apply for your Voter ID Card. ", "You can do this typelabmnl.com You can get the . ", "List of Helplines For Voter Id Card in Pune Find Phone Numbers, Addresses, Best Deals, Latest Reviews & Ratings. ", "Visit Justdial for List of Helplines For Voter Id. 17 Mar Voter-Registration-India-ivote Voter Registration in Pune in voting for Lok Sabha elections but wanted to have voter identity card. ", "21 Sep Written by Nisha Nambiar | Pune | Published: September 21, To improve the electronic photo identity card (EPIC) or voter ID." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006487728678621352, 0.0006053641554899514, 0.0005835462361574173, 0.0009488870273344219, 0.0009155958541668952, 0.0005918903043493629, 0.0008899621316231787, 0.0005798283382318914, 0.0008899621316231787, 0.0011125740129500628, 0.0006637387559749186, 0.0006159868207760155, 0.000592583732213825, 0.0005688740639016032, 0.0009297693613916636, 0.0008116234093904495, 0.000578235078137368, 0.000567488488741219, 0.0005820362130180001 ]

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"\n3\nWhat is the tens digit of 1350?", "\n5\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 36963?", "\n9\nWhat is the thousands digit of 12015?", "\n2\nWhat is the tens digit of 341?", "\n4\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 6976?", "\n9\nWhat is the thousands digit of 2215?", "\n2\nWhat is the units digit of 1865?", "\n5\nWhat is the thousands digit of 6454?", "\n6\nWhat is the tens digit of 3064?", "\n6\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 16073?", "\n1\nWhat is the tens digit of 405?", "\n0\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 69734?", "\n7\nWhat is the units digit of 11700?", "\n0\nWhat is the tens digit of 5748?", "\n4\nWhat is the thousands digit of 44814?", "\n4\nWhat is the tens digit of 12303?", "\n0\nWhat is the tens digit of 43596?", "\n9\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 467?", "\n4\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 15362?", "\n1\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 142095?", "\n4\nWhat is the thousands digit of 20655?", "\n0\nWhat is the tens digit of 18543?", "\n4\nWhat is the units digit of 1296?", "\n6\nWhat is the thousands digit of 3152?", "\n3\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 34385?", "\n3\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 58188?", "\n1\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 5661?", "\n6\nWhat is the thousands digit of 71703?", "\n1\nWhat is the thousands digit of 122567?", "\n2\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 79536?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of 1551?", "\n5\nWhat is the thousands digit of 1901?", "\n1\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 155?", "\n1\nWhat is the units digit of 12008?", "\n8\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 3576?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of 380?", "\n8\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 2107?", "\n1\nWhat is the tens digit of 979?", "\n7\nWhat is the tens digit of 624?", "\n2\nWhat is the units digit of 925?", "\n5\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 18415?", "\n1\nWhat is the tens digit of 1792?", "\n9\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 2102?", "\n1\nWhat is the thousands digit of 3287?", "\n3\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 554?", "\n5\nWhat is the units digit of 11795?", "\n5\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 87220?", "\n8\nWhat is the thousands digit of 1452?", "\n1\nWhat is the units digit of 54989?", "\n9\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 186969?", "\n8\nWhat is the tens digit of 16128?", "\n2\nWhat is the units digit of 4538?", "\n8\nWhat is the tens digit of 3151?", "\n5\nWhat is the units digit of 5433?", "\n3\nWhat is the thousands digit of 30045?", "\n0\nWhat is the thousands digit of 2352?", "\n2\nWhat is the units digit of 1875?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of 4774?", "\n7\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 5242?", "\n2\nWhat is the thousands digit of 2908?", "\n2\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 4325?", "\n3\nWhat is the units digit of 82594?", "\n4\nWhat is the thousands digit of 17011?", "\n7\nWhat is the tens digit of 254?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of 12220?", "\n2\nWhat is the tens digit of 12441?", "\n4\nWhat is the units digit of 1799?", "\n9\nWhat is the thousands digit of 22299?", "\n2\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 38403?", "\n4\nWhat is the tens digit of 27111?", "\n1\nWhat is the thousands digit of 4533?", "\n4\nWhat is the thousands digit of 21647?", "\n1\nWhat is the units digit of 5786?", "\n6\nWhat is the tens digit of 305?", "\n0\nWhat is the thousands digit of 12263?", "\n2\nWhat is the thousands digit of 7543?", "\n7\nWhat is the units digit of 3500?", "\n0\nWhat is the units digit of 4877?", "\n7\nWhat is the tens digit of 1189?", "\n8\nWhat is the tens digit of 2671?", "\n7\nWhat is the units digit of 19628?", "\n8\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 4355?", "\n3\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 16312?", "\n3\nWhat is the units digit of 876?", "\n6\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 6942?", "\n9\nWhat is the units digit of 1106?", "\n6\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 14472?", "\n1\nWhat is the units digit of 7112?", "\n2\nWhat is the thousands digit of 40635?", "\n0\nWhat is the units digit of 36967?", "\n7\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 1116?", "\n1\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 18048?", "\n1\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 46516?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of 2411?", "\n1\nWhat is the units digit of 4772?", "\n2\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 997?", "\n9\nWhat is the units digit of 10163?", "\n3\nWhat is the units digit of 168?", "\n8\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 5244?", "\n2\nWhat is the thousands digit of 52411?", "\n2\nWhat is the units digit of 8493?", "\n3\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 82511?", "\n5\nWhat is the units digit of 7313?", "\n3\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 1316?", "\n3\nWhat is the tens digit of 6571?", "\n7\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 10003?", "\n1\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 5984?", "\n9\nWhat is the units digit of 60039?", "\n9\nWhat is the hundred thousands digit of 105462?", "\n1\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 29849?", "\n8\nWhat is the thousands digit of 28098?", "\n8\nWhat is the units digit of 1705?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of 276?", "\n7\nWhat is the ten thousands digit of 59104?", "\n5\nWhat is the thousands digit of 5582?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of 4962?", "\n6\nWhat is the units digit of 111?", "\n1\nWhat is the tens digit of 713?", "\n1\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 532?", "\n5\nWhat is the units digit of 3376?", "\n6\nWhat is the tens digit of 353?", "\n5\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 559?", "\n5\nWhat is the thousands digit of 1933?", "\n1\nWhat is the thousands digit of 25113?", "\n5\nWhat is the tens digit of 13612?", "\n1\nWhat is the hundreds digit of 13177?", "\n1\nWhat is the tens digit of 53544?", "\n4\nWhat is th" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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0.0006778421811759472, 0.0007327672210521996, 0.0006599881453439593, 0.0006873937672935426, 0.0006489738589152694, 0.0006937148282304406, 0.0006858157576061785, 0.0006767355371266603, 0.0006873865495435894, 0.0007180697866715491, 0.0006761430413462222, 0.0007109111757017672, 0.0006848308839835227, 0.0008118288242258132, 0.0006961746257729828, 0.000678101321682334, 0.0007182183326222003, 0.0006906164926476777, 0.0006972086848691106, 0.000697798328474164, 0.0007788575021550059, 0.0006771106272935867, 0.0006865289178676903, 0.0006788639584556222, 0.0006768222665414214, 0.0006783924764022231, 0.0007266283500939608, 0.000686069717630744, 0.0006912548560649157, 0.0006702208193019032, 0.0006881550652906299, 0.0006677130004391074, 0.0006712771719321609, 0.0007066320977173746, 0.0006852235528640449, 0.0007125326083041728, 0.0007743738242425025, 0.0006766645237803459, 0.0006656255573034286, 0.0006974429124966264, 0.0006811837083660066, 0.0006547967786900699, 0.0007095050532370806, 0.0006842486327514052, 0.0006918691797181964, 0.0006813901709392667, 0.0006682726088911295, 0.0006819687550887465, 0.0007338805007748306, 0.0007133788312785327, 0.000671626883558929, 0.0007292843656614423, 0.0007142124231904745, 0.0006644983077421784, 0.0007001370540820062, 0.0007118490757420659, 0.0006506642675958574, 0.0006845881580375135, 0.0006824255106039345, 0.0007552245515398681, 0.0006607141112908721, 0.0007137670181691647, 0.0006884653121232986, 0.0006767355371266603, 0.00069599220296368, 0.0006780531257390976, 0.0007388966623693705, 0.0007341914460994303, 0.0007757893763482571, 0.0007629207102581859, 0.0006784875295124948, 0.0007357512367889285, 0.0006663649692200124, 0.0006797618698328733, 0.0007050906424410641, 0.00069105823058635, 0.000676596537232399, 0.0006937819416634738, 0.0006886625778861344, 0.0007020041230134666, 0.0006845799507573247, 0.0007170461467467248, 0.0007327309576794505, 0.0006484952755272388, 0.0007020416087470949, 0.0006744010024704039, 0.0006978688179515302, 0.0006932590622454882, 0.0006813379586674273, 0.0006672280142083764, 0.0007722912705503404, 0.0007110598962754011, 0.0007025841041468084, 0.0006839454872533679, 0.0007007397944107652, 0.0006809753249399364, 0.00075393239967525, 0.0007047621766105294, 0.0006848537013866007, 0.0007742985617369413, 0.0007005244842730463, 0.0006786285084672272, 0.0006746131111867726, 0.0006952718831598759, 0.0006798966787755489, 0.0007385045173577964, 0.0006495069246739149, 0.0006897361017763615, 0.0006812045467086136, 0.0006968788802623749, 0.0006725653074681759, 0.0006814658408984542, 0.0006817465182393789, 0.0007077589980326593, 0.0006757591036148369, 0.0006564194336533546, 0.0006583807989954948, 0.0007512225420214236, 0.0007104089600034058, 0.0006693456671200693, 0.0007019697222858667, 0.0006898308056406677, 0.0006728614680469036, 0.0006872119847685099, 0.0007267710752785206, 0.000748635153286159, 0.0006858327542431653, 0.0007054845918901265, 0.0006799893453717232, 0.0006782925920560956, 0.0006700694211758673, 0.0007172808400355279, 0.0006867236224934459, 0.0006720094825141132, 0.0006717123906128109, 0.0006741571123711765, 0.0007367510697804391, 0.0006638273480348289, 0.0006601985660381615, 0.0007219166145659983, 0.0006885299808345735, 0.0007295231334865093, 0.0007019905024208128, 0.0006815434899181128, 0.0006632208824157715, 0.0007285431493073702, 0.0006835463573224843, 0.0006886234623380005, 0.0006922941538505256, 0.0006762855337001383, 0.0006680383230559528, 0.000676533323712647, 0.0006766065489500761, 0.0006757417577318847, 0.0006752926856279373, 0.0007665195735171437, 0.000688937259837985, 0.0006613689474761486, 0.0007467815303243697, 0.0006326684961095452, 0.0007142181857489049, 0.0006668776622973382, 0.0006685332045890391, 0.0007732261437922716, 0.0007041284698061645, 0.0006748802843503654, 0.000680234341416508, 0.0006707617430947721, 0.0006903753383085132, 0.0006799300317652524, 0.000684370577801019, 0.0007245104643516243, 0.0006829462945461273, 0.000694385205861181, 0.0006712646572850645, 0.0006770303007215261, 0.0006719668745063245, 0.0015502512687817216 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow can I deserialize with TypeNameHandling.", "Objects in Json.", "NET Silverlight?", "\n\nI get an exception when trying to deserialize in Silverlight. ", "Test1 fails, while Test2 succeeds. ", " I've also tried TypeNameAssemblyFormat to both Simple and Full, but get same results. ", " Test2 can resolve the assembly, why can't Json.", "NET?", "\nUpdate: Forgot to mention the type I'm trying to deserialize is defined in a different assembly from the silverlight assembly where the deserialization occurs.", "\nBoth tests work in a non-silverlight .NET application.", "\nHow can I deserialize a json string that has typenames?", "\nprivate void Test1()\n{\n JsonSerializerSettings settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();\n settings.", "TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.", "Objects;\n string json1 = \"{\\\"$type\\\":\\\"AmberGIS.NetworkTrace.", "DTO.NTPoint, NetworkTrace.", "DTO.Assembly\\\",\\\"X\\\":0.0,\\\"Y\\\":0.0,\\\"SpatialReference\\\":null}\";\n try\n {\n var n1 = JsonConvert.", "DeserializeObject<NTPoint>(json1, settings);\n //Error resolving type specified in JSON 'AmberGIS.NetworkTrace.", "DTO.NTPoint, NetworkTrace.", "DTO.Assembly'.", "\n //Could not load file or assembly 'NetworkTrace.", "DTO.Assembly, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. ", "\n //The requested assembly version conflicts with what is already bound in the app domain or specified in the manifest. ", "\n //(Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131053)\n }\n catch (Exception ex)\n {\n while (ex !", "= null)\n {\n Debug.", "WriteLine(ex.", "Message);\n ex = ex.", "InnerException;\n }\n }\n}\n\nThis Test2 succeeds: \nprivate void Test2()\n{\n var pnt1 = new AmberGIS.NetworkTrace.", "DTO.NTPoint();\n Debug.", "WriteLine(pnt1.GetType().AssemblyQualifiedName);\n // \"AmberGIS.NetworkTrace.", "DTO.NTPoint, NetworkTrace.", "DTO.Assembly, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null\"\n\n string fullName = \"AmberGIS.NetworkTrace.", "DTO.NTPoint, NetworkTrace.", "DTO.Assembly, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null\";\n var t = Type.", "GetType(fullName);\n var pnt2 = Activator.", "CreateInstance(t) as NTPoint;\n\n}\n\nA:\n\nTry adding settings to JsonConvert.", "DeserializeObject<T>(json, Settings),\nwhere Settings is:\nnew JsonSerializerSettings\n {\n TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.", "Objects,\n TypeNameAssemblyFormat = System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization.", "Formatters.", "FormatterAssemblyStyle.", "Full\n }\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0008571693324483931, 0.0006787345628254116, 0.0007044318481348455, 0.0006348477909341455, 0.0010689272312447429, 0.0005973006482236087, 0.0006410918431356549, 0.0015089147491380572, 0.0005892085027880967, 0.0006064100307412446, 0.0011155508691444993, 0.0006810464547015727, 0.000936653115786612, 0.0008039246313273907, 0.0008551538921892643, 0.01254053320735693, 0.0006818208494223654, 0.0008551538921892643, 0.0007386811776086688, 0.0008243906195275486, 0.0007561927777715027, 0.0006955362623557448, 0.0010307830525562167, 0.015518457628786564, 0.0008509503095410764, 0.0008455620263703167, 0.0012706955894827843, 0.005404989700764418, 0.0007009355467744172, 0.0008551538921892643, 0.0013552190503105521, 0.0008551538921892643, 0.0033108738716691732, 0.0007887121755629778, 0.0011065735016018152, 0.0006975133437663317, 0.0008200625306926668, 0.0007687499164603651, 0.000807757256552577, 0.0006500580930151045, 0.0009132496197707951, 0.0008494575740769506 ]

[ "Q:\n\nCant get 'apps' to show in AVD\n\nEDIT:\nSeems i was on the right track all along, 10+ (or so) restarts and voila. ", "It works.", "\nAs a first, i'm trying to get the AVD up and running, and test it with a real simple 'helloWorld'.", "\nI'm using Android 4.0.3, if that might matter.", "\nAfter having loads of trouble with memory allocation, and run-times and you name it..\nThe AVD is now up and running, without warnings or errors.", "\nAnd i can install my project on it..\n[2012-04-17 23:28:04 - AndroidProj] Android Launch!", "\n[2012-04-17 23:28:04 - AndroidProj] adb is running normally.", "\n[2012-04-17 23:28:04 - AndroidProj] Performing com.phonegap.helloworld.", "AndroidProjActivity activity launch\n[2012-04-17 23:28:09 - AndroidProj] Uploading AndroidProj.apk onto device 'emulator-5554'\n[2012-04-17 23:28:12 - AndroidProj] Installing AndroidProj.apk...\n[2012-04-17 23:28:54 - AndroidProj] Success!", "\n[2012-04-17 23:28:54 - AndroidProj] Starting activity com.phonegap.helloworld.", "AndroidProjActivity on device emulator-5554\n\nAll the code i'm using is pretty much just copy+paste from tutorial(s):\nThe 'main' java-file. (@ ", "AndroidProj/src/com.phonegap.helloworld)\npackage com.phonegap.helloworld;\n\nimport org.apache.cordova.*;", "\n/*import com.phonegap.", "DroidGap;*/\nimport android.os.", "Bundle;\n\npublic class AndroidProjActivity extends DroidGap {\n /** Called when the activity is first created. */", "\n @Override\n public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n super.loadUrl(\"file:///android_asset/www/index.html\");\n }\n}\n\nAnd the html (@ AndroidProj/assets/www)\n<!", "DOCTYPE HTML>\n<html>\n<head>\n<title>PhoneGap</title>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\" charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"cordova-1.6.0.js\"></script>\n</head>\n<body>\n<h1>Hello World</h1>\n</body>\n</html>\n\nAndroidManifest.xml:\n<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?", ">\n<manifest xmlns:android=\"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android\"\n package=\"com.phonegap.helloworld\"\n android:versionCode=\"1\"\n android:versionName=\"1.0\" >\n\n <supports-screens\n android:largeScreens=\"true\"\n android:normalScreens=\"true\"\n android:smallScreens=\"true\"\n android:resizeable=\"true\"\n android:anyDensity=\"true\"\n />\n\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "CAMERA\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "VIBRATE\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "READ_PHONE_STATE\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "INTERNET\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "RECEIVE_SMS\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "RECORD_AUDIO\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "READ_CONTACTS\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "WRITE_CONTACTS\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE\" /> <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "GET_ACCOUNTS\" />\n <uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.", "BROADCAST_STICKY\" />\n\n <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion=\"15\" />\n\n <application\n android:icon=\"@drawable/ic_launcher\"\n android:label=\"@string/app_name\" >\n <activity\n android:name=\".", "AndroidProjActivity\"\n android:label=\"@string/app_name\" \n android:configChanges=\"orientation|keyboardHidden\">\n <intent-filter>\n <action android:name=\"android.intent.action.", "MAIN\" />\n\n <category android:name=\"android.intent.category.", "LAUNCHER\" />\n </intent-filter>\n </activity>\n\n <activity android:name=\"org.apache.cordova.", "DroidGap\" android:label=\"@string/app_name\" android:configChanges=\"orientation|keyboardHidden\"> \n <intent-filter> </intent-filter> \n </activity> \n </application>\n\n</manifest>\n\nBesides the fact that i takes forever and ever to install my project, it seems to be carried out correctly.", "\nBut, all i get is the emulator, my project/file is nowhere to be found.", "\nAny clues to where the problem might lie?", "\n\nA:\n\nFollowing the advice, i'll 'answer' this myself.", "\nTurns out there was no problem, at least not code-wise, a bunch of restarts later and it all runs smoothly.", "\nThanks for your efforts, though.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007363422191701829, 0.0006976629956625402, 0.0006654305034317076, 0.0007037598406895995, 0.0007997474749572575, 0.000688171130605042, 0.0006603323272429407, 0.0008860948728397489, 0.0008088798495009542, 0.0007897655013948679, 0.0006521173054352403, 0.000899600621778518, 0.000923280487768352, 0.0010946555994451046, 0.0007400950416922569, 0.0010909312404692173, 0.0009373248904012144, 0.0006190649583004415, 0.0007409260142594576, 0.0006742949481122196, 0.0007520090439356863, 0.0007521832594648004, 0.0007487989496439695, 0.0006999916513450444, 0.0007849808316677809, 0.0007429848774336278, 0.0007766958442516625, 0.0007558329962193966, 0.0007479078485630453, 0.0007677283720113337, 0.0008122137514874339, 0.000826052506454289, 0.0007574217743240297, 0.0008119823760353029, 0.0006908685900270939, 0.000748899532482028, 0.0007270173518918455, 0.0008445848361589015, 0.0006963026244193316, 0.0007233786745928228, 0.0008490016334690154, 0.0006592522840946913, 0.0006049993680790067, 0.0005676505388692021, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "Perioperative management of diabetes in elective patients: a region-wide audit.", "\nTen percent of elective surgical patients have diabetes. ", "These patients demonstrate excess perioperative morbidity and mortality. ", "National guidance on the management of adults with diabetes undergoing surgery was published in 2011. ", "We present a region-wide audit of adherence to this guidance across the North Western Deanery. ", "Local teams prospectively collected data according to a locally approved protocol. ", "Pregnant, paediatric and non-elective patients were excluded from this audit. ", "Patient characteristics, type of surgery and aspects of perioperative management were collated and centrally analysed against audit criteria based upon national recommendations. ", "247 patients with diabetes were identified. ", "HbA1c was recorded in 71% of patients preoperatively; 9% of patients with an abnormal HbA1c were not known by, or referred to, the diabetes team. ", "17% of patients were admitted the evening preceding surgery. ", "The mean fasting time was 12:20(4) h. Variable rate i.v. ", "insulin infusions (VRIII) were not used when indicated in 11%. ", "Only 8% of patients received the recommended substrate fluid, along with the VRIII (5% glucose in 0.45% saline). ", "Intra-operative capillary blood glucose (CBG) was measured hourly in 56% of patients. ", "Intra-operative CBG was within the acceptable range (4-12 mmol.", "L(-1)) in 85% of patients. ", "73% of patients had a CBG measurement performed in recovery. ", "The WHO checklist was used in 95% of patients. ", "National perioperative guidelines were not adhered to in a substantial proportion of patients with diabetes undergoing elective surgery. ", "This study represents a template for future trainee networks." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nPassing data to a customised mat-grid component via props\n\nI am trying to build a component that extends the angular material mat-tree component. ", "The goal is to have a table that has a hierarchy of rows that that can be expanded and collapsed. ", "I have been able to do this more or less and it's working when I load data directly from a flat file within the component. ", "The Stackblitz example shows this in a working state. ", "However, you need to click the Click Me button to see the data - not sure why this is the case.", "\nhttps://stackblitz.com/edit/n4nite-tree-table\nWhat I want is to be able to pass data to the component from the parent component. ", "I have tried variations of doing this using @input and the property={{}} but I haven't been able to get it to work. ", "What I want is basically as follows:\n\napp.component.ts calls a service (helper.service) \nthe helper service passes back the data for the tree grid the html file\napp.component.html passes the data to the component via curly braces {{}}\n\nNote: In my actual implementation the helper.service is getting the data from an API call.", "\nI also have a number of less pressing questions:\n\nWhen I moved the code to StackBlitz my mat-icon-buttons that are displaying the expand chevron have a grey background. ", "I've assume that I am missing a theme or style that is part of my main project. ", "I'd like to know what I am doing wrong and how to correct this for future publication to StackBlitz.", "\nIn an earlier example each of the sub items were slightly indented. ", "I believe this is standard in the mat-tree-control. ", "I have messed around with the code quiet a bit and somewhere along the way the indentations were lost. ", "How can I get these back or more specifically what have I done to suppress them.", "\nIn the component I am using a but of a hack to add an extra dummy record at the start of the data that feeds the component. ", "The line is below and it achieves the result that I want. ", "However, when I include a second copy of the same component in my page I notice that the below line has been inserted twice. ", "I expect that this is going to cause me problems and that I have done something incorrectly but I am unsure what?", "\n\ntreeData.unshift({id:\"dummy\",name:\"dummy\", type:\"dummy\",\n description:\"dummy\"});\n\nA:\n\nI have update the demo. ", "Please check. ", "Hope this helpful.", "\nPass the data through @Input decorator\n<n4nite-tree-table [facetHierarchy] =\"facetHierarchy\"></n4nite-tree-table>\n\n" ]

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[ "Fritz Weiss\n\nFritz Weiss (Czech: Bedřich Weiss) (28 September 1919 – 28 September 1944) was a jazz musician and arranger, active in the first half of the 20th century. ", "He was an organizer of jazz performances and an important participant in the musical life of the Theresienstadt concentration camp. ", "Weiss was murdered in the Holocaust.", "\n\nBiography\n\nEarly years \n\nWeiss was born into a middle-class German-speaking Prague family of Jewish origin. ", "He became interested in jazz at an early age, and soon began to participate in the jazz life of Prague.", "\n\nHe started to play violin, but later switched to trumpet. ", "As a student of the Prague English Grammar School he became a member of the school orchestra called Swing Rhythm, where he played first trumpet. ", "Playing in the orchestra he met a significant exponent of Czech jazz, Karel Vlach.", "\n\nAmong the members of the orchestra were Germans, Czechs and Jews; the bandleader was Czech pianist Milan Halla. ", "The situation changed in 1939, with the rise of Nazism. ", "Some of the German musicians left the ensemble, because they did not want to play with Jews.", "\n\nIn 1939, Weiss moved to the newly founded Karel Ludvík Orchestra. ", "He played first trumpet, but his performing with the band was more and more problematic because of racial laws.", "\n\nHe was finally forced to leave the orchestra. ", "However, he anonymously participated in the recording of gramophone records. ", "As a member of the Karel Ludvík Orchestra, Weiss became a bandleader and helped to organize rehearsals, but above all, he arranged the major part of the repertory of the ensemble.", "\n\nThe Jewish jazz musicians used to practice 1940–1941 in the Jewish Orphanage.", "\n\nTheresienstadt\nOn the 04.12.1941 Fritz Weiss was sent, as part of the second Aufbaukommando, to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. ", "He was on transport J that took 1000 people from Prague to Theresienstadt. ", "He took part in musical events held in the camp, and he even continued his collaboration with orchestras outside of the camp. ", "With the help of Czech police officers he managed to obtain music paper and scores needed for arranging jazz compositions. ", "He later secretly sent his arrangements out of the camp. ", "He collaborated mainly with Arnošt Kavka, the singer of the Karel Vlach Orchestra. ", "In Theresienstadt, Weiss founded his own quintet, active up to August 1944. ", "In 1943 he also became an artistic leader and arranger of the Theresienstadt Dixieland ensemble called Ghetto Swingers. ", "Both bands collaborated in various performances and the number of musicians increased, especially following the arrival of Danish and Dutch Jewish jazz players. ", "Weiss, together with Berlin pianist Martin Roman, composed and arranged more than thirty new compositions for the ensembles. ", "The most popular composition was the jazz arrangement of the children's opera Brundibár, originally composed by Hans Krása. ", "In June 1944, during the visit of the Red Cross to the camp, the Ghetto Swingers were forced to participate in the propaganda performance organized by Kurt Gerron, coerced by the Germans to deceive the outside world. ", "The ensemble also appeared in the propaganda movie The Fuhrer Gives a City to the Jews, made during this event.", "\n\nIn September 1944, Fritz Weiss's father was sent in the transport to the Auschwitz extermination camp. ", "His son joined him and stayed with him during the selection. ", "Both father and son died in the gas chambers of Auschwitz. ", "Fritz Weiss died in Auschwitz on 28 September 1944, the day of his 25th birthday.", "\n\nRecordings\nIn Defiance of Fate. ", "Compositions arranged by Fritz Weiss for the Emil Ludvík Orchestra. ", "Unique recordings from 1940–41. ", "Jewish Museum in Prague, 2003. [", "CD]. ", "ŽMP006.", "\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nE. Vogel; B. Marek: Za Bedřichem Weissem. (", "republished in the album notes of the In Defiance of Fate CD without further details)\n\nExternal links\nFritz Weiss and a series of miraculous wartime jazz recordings (Czech Radio)\nJazzman Fritz Weiss navzdory osudu (Holocaust.cz)\n\nCategory:1919 births\nCategory:1944 deaths\nCategory:Czech people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp\nCategory:Czech Jews who died in the Holocaust\nCategory:Musicians from Prague\nCategory:Theresienstadt Ghetto prisoners\nCategory:Czech jazz bandleaders\nCategory:Jazz clarinetists\nCategory:Czechoslovak civilians killed in World War II\nCategory:People killed by gas chamber by Nazi Germany\nCategory:Jewish jazz musicians\nCategory:Ghetto Swingers members" ]

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[ "This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. ", "The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. ", "The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. ", "Current ongoing genome-wide association studies represent a powerful approach to uncover common unknown genetic variants causing common complex diseases. ", "The discovery of these genetic variants offers an important opportunity for early disease prediction, prevention and individualized treatment. ", "We developed a method of combining multiple genetic variants for early disease prediction, based on the optimality theory of the likelihood ratio. ", "Such theory simply shows that the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve based on the likelihood ratio (LR) has maximum performance at each cutoff point and that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) so obtained is highest among that of all approaches. ", "Through simulations and a real data application, we compared it with the commonly used logistic regression and classification tree approaches. ", "The three approaches show similar performance if we know the underlying disease model. ", "However, for most common diseases we have little prior knowledge of the disease model and in this situation the new method has an advantage over logistic regression and classification tree approaches. ", "We applied the new method to the Type 1 diabetes genome-wide association data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. ", "Based on five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the test reaches medium level classification accuracy. ", "With more genetic findings to be discovered in the future, we believe a predictive genetic test for Type 1 diabetes can be successfully constructed and eventually implemented for clinical use." ]

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[ " UNPUBLISHED\n\n UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT\n\n\n No. ", "01-2221\n\n\n\nELLEN PAULETTE M. FIELDS,\n\n Plaintiff - Appellant,\n\n versus\n\n\nDALKON SHIELD CLAIMANTS TRUST; A. H. ROBINS\nCOMPANY, INCORPORATED; AMERICAN HOME PRODUCTS\nCORPORATION; GULF UNDERWRITERS INSURANCE\nCOMPANY; ORRAN LEE BROWN,\n\n Defendants - Appellees.", "\n\n\n\nAppeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern\nDistrict of Virginia, at Richmond. ", " James R. Spencer, District\nJudge. (", "CA-89-1307-R, BK-01-1001-R)\n\n\nSubmitted: June 27, 2002 Decided: July 10, 2002\n\n\nBefore WIDENER and MICHAEL, Circuit Judges, and HAMILTON, Senior\nCircuit Judge.", "\n\n\nAffirmed in part and dismissed in part by unpublished per curiam\nopinion.", "\n\n\nEllen Paulette M. Fields, Appellant Pro Se. ", "Orran Lee Brown, Sr.,", "\nLynn Crowder Greer, BOWMAN & BROOKE, L.L.P., Richmond, Virginia,\nfor Appellees.", "\n\n\nUnpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.", "\nSee Local Rule 36(c).", "\n\fPER CURIAM:\n\n Ellen Paulette Mitchell Fields appeals the district court’s\n\norders (1) continuing an earlier order that she show cause why she\n\nshould not be found in contempt of court; and (2) denying her\n\nmotion to stay and to vacate. ", " To the extent that Fields seeks to\n\nappeal the order continuing the show cause order, we dismiss the\n\nappeal for lack of jurisdiction because the order is not\n\nappealable. ", " This court may exercise jurisdiction only over final\n\norders, 28 U.S.C. § 1291 (1994), and certain interlocutory and\n\ncollateral orders, 28 U.S.C. § 1292 (1994); Fed. ", "R. Civ. ", "P. 54(b);\n\nCohen v. Beneficial Indus. ", "Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541 (1949). ", " The\n\norder here appealed is neither a final order nor an appealable\n\ninterlocutory or collateral order. ", " We affirm the district court’s\n\norder denying as moot Fields’ motion to stay or to vacate.", "\n\n We accordingly affirm in part and dismiss in part. ", "We dispense\n\nwith oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are\n\nadequately presented in the materials before the court and argument\n\nwould not aid the decisional process.", "\n\n\n\n\n AFFIRMED IN PART AND\n\n DISMISSED IN PART\n\n\n\n\n 2\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Proactive Business Planning\n\nI have a new and interesting instalment for you to read today. ", "A little insight into how we manage our business planning process and create a business plan. ", "The trick is not to get caught up in the day to day activities of running a small business, don’t let be bigger picture become obscured. ", "Everyone has their own roles to play. ", "Be it application development oe securing new contracts to keep that fundamentally important cash flow rolling. ", "There is also office management, company administration and various other tasks. ", "As a director of a start up, it’s not just about what’s going on right now, we have to keep looking forward. ", "We keep the company pointed toward our loftier goals and expectations.", "\n\nThe Business Plan\n\nEnter the business plan, often confused with that obscure document is done at the beginning of a business to define the basic operational strategy, you know, the one that’s in a shared folder somewhere that nobody has looked at in 6 months. ", "No, the business plan is those ideas that pop into your head while you’re in the shower, or supposed to be asleep. ", "The business plan should be a fundamental guide to how you’re doing things and how to do things going forward.", "\n\nThose exceptional ideas that come to you in the shower, how do you get other people to understand what you’re thinking? ", "Maybe write it down? ", "Where does it go? ", "In the business plan of course. ", "We’re creating structure out of free thought and innovation like only an entrepreneur can do. ", "Cut out the monotony of the template you found on Google, it’s not supposed to be something that you have because someone said that’s what businesses do. ", "It is your thoughts and your plans documented.", "\n\nOnce you understand your business, you start to formalise it into something the rest of the business world might understand. ", "Use the tools and guides that are freely available on the internet and do it right.", "\n\nThe Kusasa business blog is authored by Kusasa Information Systems (Pty) Ltd managing director, Craig Baker. ", "All information contained herein represents his personal opinion. ", "Kusasa and/or Craig Baker do not take any responsibility for inaccurate or outdated information contained herein. ", "If you are going to re-post or reuse any information on this page, please reference the original." ]

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[ "767 F.2d 933\nNational Wildlife Federationv.", "U.S. Forest Service\n84-4292\nUnited States Court of Appeals,Ninth Circuit.", "\n7/9/85\n\n1\nD.Or.", "\n\nREVERSED AND REMANDED\n" ]

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[ "Background\n==========\n\n*H. pylori* is cause of most chronic bacterial infection in the world. ", "As to different seroepidemiologic studies, 50% of adults in the developed countries and 90% of adults in the developing countries were seropositive for *H. pylori*\\[[@B1]\\]. ", "This currently discovered organism is a spiral shaped gram negative bacilli that is oxidase, catalase and urease positive and grows slowly in culture \\[[@B2]\\]. ", "The ecological niche of *H. pylori* is the stomach where the organism establishes long term colonization of the gastric mucosa \\[[@B3]\\].", "\n\nThe bacteria have been implicated for acid peptic disease and today it is regarded as essential factor and also causative agent of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease \\[[@B4]\\]. ", "Additionally, the organism is classified as a class 1 carcinogen because of its causal relationship to gastric adenocarcinoma, one of the world's deadliest cancers \\[[@B5],[@B6]\\].", "\n\nThe growing attention given to *H. pylori* by academicians and clinicians is not surprising since this pathogen colonizes more than at least half of the world's inhabitants \\[[@B7]\\] with an evident geographical variation in its epidemiology. ", "This geographical variation is believed to be largely socio economical, age gender, genetic predisposition and sanitation. ", "In Ethiopia particularly in Gondar, there is no current study conducted about the seroprevalence and its trend in consecutive years of *H*. ", "pylori infection. ", "Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and its trend in three consecutive years of the *H. pylori* infection in three consecutive years in North Gondar, North West Ethiopia.", "\n\nFindings\n========\n\nResearch hypothesis\n-------------------\n\nWe hypothesized that the seroprevalence of *H. pylori* is greater than 50% in the study area and the trend of the seroprevalence will show increasing year from year.", "\n\nMethods\n=======\n\nStudy design and area\n---------------------\n\nRestrospective study was conducted using data from serology log book. ", "We took data from the log book starting from January 2009 to December 2011. ", "We collected data of all patients who were suspected for *H. pylori* infection and who visited the GUH serology laboratory for *H. pylori* test. ", "The hospital is found in Gondar town which is located in the North Gondar Zone of the Amhara region. ", "GUH is one of the oldest health institutions in Ethiopia. ", "The hospital provides different inpatient and outpatient services to more than 5 million people in northwest Ethiopia. ", "The study was conducted the in serology laboratory of the hospital.", "\n\nSample size and sampling techniques\n-----------------------------------\n\nA total of 1388 subjects whose data was completely registered were included in the study.", "\n\nData collection, processing and analysis\n----------------------------------------\n\nData was collected from log book of the serology laboratory in the hospital. ", "Completeness of the data collected was checked. ", "The frequency distribution of variables was done. ", "The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.", "\n\nLaboratory method\n-----------------\n\nThe hospital laboratory generated the data by a serological method of detecting the antibodies for *Helicobacter pylori* from serum or plasma. ", "Anti *H. pylori* antibodies of all isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgA) against *H. pylori* were detected by one step rapid test device (dBest *H. pylori* test strip, Ameritech USA). ", "Appearance of color band on the device on both test line and control line was interpreted as positive but if it is only on the control line as negative result.", "\n\nEthical consideration\n---------------------\n\nWe obtained approval from Research and Ethics Committee of School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences. ", "Official letter were also obtained from the diagnostic director of the hospital to collect the data. ", "All data obtained has been kept confidential.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nSocio demographic characteristics of the study subjects\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nAmong the total study subjects, 679 (48.9%) were males and 709 (51.1%) were females. ", "The mean age of the study subjects was 28 year and the range was from 95 to 2 years. ", "A majority of patients 466/1388 (33.6%) were young adults in the age range of 21--30 years compared to the other age groups. ", "The lowest patient number (5.3%) was obtained in patients older than 60 years of age (Table [1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "The male to female ratio was 1:1.04.", "\n\n###### \n\n**Seroprevalence of*Helicobactor pylori*among dyspeptic patients in Gondar University Hospital, from January 2009 to December 2011**\n\n **Variables** **N (%)** **Pos** **Neg** **X**^**2**^ **P- value**\n ----------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- --------------\n **Age in year**       14.15 0.0146\n 0--20 252(18.2) 149(59.1) 103(40.9) \n 21--30 466(33.6) 307(65.9) 159(34.1) \n 31--40 256(18.4) 161(62.8) 95(37.1) \n 41--50 227(16.4) 154(67.9) 73(32.1) \n 51--60 113(8.1) 84(74.3) 29(25.7) \n \\>60 74(5.3) 57(77) 17(23) \n **Sex**       0.1 0.746\n Male 679(48.9) 449(66.1) 230(33.9) \n Female 709(51.1) 463(65.3) 246(34.7)    \n\nSeroprevalence of *H. pylori* infection among different age and gender\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAmong all the study subjects, 912 (65.7%) were found to be seropositive and the remaining 476 (34.3%) were found seronegative for *H. pylori*. ", "The prevalence in male was 449/679 (66.1%) and in females it was 463/709 (65.3%). ", "The prevalence of *H. pylori* infection was significantly higher (77.0%) in patients whose age is greater than 60 years and the lowest seropositivity (59.1% ) was obtained in the age group of 0--20 (x^2^ =14.15, p=0.746) (Table [1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nTrend of the seroprevalence of *Helicobacter pylori* among three consecutive years\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe trend of the seroprevalence of *H. pylori* infection among the dyspeptic patients from 2009 to 2011 was that the seroprevalence was 86.5% in the year of 2009 and it decreased to 51.8% in 2010. ", "However, the seroprevalence increased again to 61.3% in the year of 2011 (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This trend showed decrement of the seroprevalence temporarily but it started increments after that. ", "This alarm designing appropriate prevention and control strategies is mandatory.", "\n\n{#F1}\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nThe overall prevalence of *H. pylori* infection in the present study was 65.7% which showed that it was lower than earlier report of prevalence of 85.6% for *H. pylori in* the study area \\[[@B8]\\]. ", "The low prevalence in the present study may be attributed to improvement in environmental sanitation. ", "When we compare it with other studies it is similar with study conducted in Bahir Dar Felege Hiwot referral hospital (near to Gondar town) with prevalence of (49-70%) \\[[@B9]\\] and this similarity might be due to the similarity of the two population in socio economic factors, environmental sanitation and their feeding habits.", "\n\nThe present study showed lesser seroprevalence than study conducted in Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia, reported a seroprevalance of 89% \\[[@B10]\\]. ", "This might be due to elimination of *H. pylori* infection as a result of other antibiotic treatments in occasion of concomitant diseases, such as giardiasis, amoebiasis, and respiratory diseases, etc., ", "as these diseases are reported to be more prevalent in the study area \\[[@B11]\\].", "\n\nWhen we compare the seroprevalence with studies conducted in some other countries like, Iran Hong Kong, United States, Canada (in Ontario) and Kuwait the seroprevalence reported was 43% \\[[@B12]\\], 42.8% \\[[@B13]\\], 9.4% \\[[@B14]\\], 23.1% \\[[@B15]\\] and 49.7% \\[[@B16]\\] respectively which all showed lower than the present study. ", "This might be best explained by association between *H. pylori* infection and socioeconomic status since in countries with low socioeconomic status, there is low level of hygiene and environmental sanitation and also in adequate provision of safe water which are known predisposing factors for the infection.", "\n\nThe association between sex and seropositivity in the present study showed that, *H. pylori* infection has no statistically significant association with sex. ", "Similarly in another studies even though there were varying reports of higher prevalence of *H.* pylori infection in either males or females there is no significance association between the seropositivity and sex \\[[@B8],[@B9]\\].", "\n\nThere was a strong association between age and the disease in this study. ", "Among the six age groups, the lowest (58.8%) and the highest (77.0%) seroprevalence rate were found between the age group of 31-40 years and greater than 60 years age respectively. ", "This result showed that higher frequency of infection was found among older patients. ", "The age related increase in the seroprevalence of the disease in this study was quite similar to findings of previously conducted studies in Inkhorramabad (west Iran) \\[[@B12]\\], in Kuwait \\[[@B16]\\] and Kenya \\[[@B17]\\].", "\n\nWhen we see a trend of *H. pylori* infection the prevalence was 86.5%, in 2009 and it showed decrement to 51.8% in 2010. ", "But the seroprevalence resume increasing to 61.3% in 2011. ", "Even though it previously showed some improvements still the seroprevalence is increasing which alarms for designing appropriate prevention and control strategies.", "\n\nOne limitation of our study was we had taken data only from three consecutive years which might reflect the trend of the seroprevalence in a limited way. ", "We couldn't get data of the year of 2008 and beyond that and this makes us to see the trend of only the three consecutive years.", "\n\nConclusion\n==========\n\nThis study showed a seroprevalence of 65.7% among the dyspeptic patients in GUH which could be considered a high prevalence. ", "The trend of the seroprevalence was varied from year to year in the three consecutive years. ", "However it is showed that the seroprevalence has started increasing. ", "Further studies in the community which are based on different diagnostic methods such as rapid urase, culture and histological test should be conducted so that the actual situation of *H. pylori* in general population can be known. ", "In addition to this, further epidemiological investigation should be performed in order to determine the source, mode of transmition and the risk factors that might contribute for transmission of the pathogen.", "\n\nAbbreviations\n=============\n\nGUH: Gondar University Hospital.", "\n\nCompeting interests\n===================\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.", "\n\nAuthors' contributions\n======================\n\nBM: initiation of the study, design, implementation, analysis and write-up. ", "BM: design, implementation, analysis and write-up. ", "MD: implementation, analysis and write-up. ", "All authors read and approved the final manuscript.", "\n\nAcknowledgements\n================\n\nWe would like to thank the staffs of Gondar University Hospital Laboratory at large and Serology laboratory in particular for their unreserved cooperation during data collection.", "\n" ]

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[ "Cryptosporidium infection is now a well-reorganized cause of diarrhea in immunologically healthy and immunocompromised humans throughout the world, largely due to the recognition of a severe form of the infection in patients with AIDS. ", "Diarrheal illness due to Cryptosporidium infection of the gastrointestinal tract in persons with AIDS becomes progressively worse with time and may be a major factor leading to death. ", "At the present time, there is no effective therapy for treating or preventing cryptosporidiosis. ", "Attempts to design treatments for cryptosporidiosis have been largely based on using methods of intervention previously exploited in other disease causing organisms. ", "This approach has not been successful and is limited because it is based on knowledge discovered independently of Cryptosporidium biology. ", "The lack of a basic understanding of parasite biology has been a limiting factor is designing effective means of treating and preventing disease. ", "In our research proposal, we have elected to take a comprehensive, basic biological approach to studying the biology of C. parvum, in order to provide the foundation for rationale design of new therapies for cryptosporidiosis. ", "The goal of our studies is to identify and characterize those genes and gene products, both of the parasite and of the parasite and the host cells, whose mRNAs are specifically expressed in C. parvum-infected cells. ", "The PCR-based technique of differential mRNA display will be used to clone host genes that are down regulated during infection with C. parvum. ", "In specific aim 2, we will generate monoclonal antibodies specific for C. parvum-infected cells to detect changes in gene expression that are not the result of modulating mRNA levels. ", "These will include those parasite proteins that are synthesized in sporozoites and become expressed in the host cell after penetration and subsequent development. ", "The monoclonal antibodies will be used to clone the cDNAs that experiments to characterize the differentially expressed genes to begin to assign putative functions. ", "These will include determination of nucleic acid sequences and gene origin, host vs. parasite, kinetics of expression, and in localization of the mRNA and protein products. ", "We will focus on characterizing those genes that represent unique aspects of Cryptosporidium biology and host-parasite interaction. ", "Once we have generated the necessary DNA and antibody reagents, we will perform key experiments in vivo, such as in situ localization of mRNA and protein expression, to confirm the conclusions of the in vitro model. ", "These studies will lay the foundation to start to understand specific aspects of the biology of C. parvum and host- parasite interactions." ]

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[ "\n\nPolymorphism in Haskell vs C++ - jackpirate\nhttps://izbicki.me/blog/polymorphism-in-haskell-vs-c%2B%2B.html\n\n======\nspott\nImportant (but a little lost in the article) is that in C++, your boxVolume\nfunction would compile until you tried to call it with the wrong type.", "\nHowever, the Haskell version won't compile, even if it hasn't been called.", "\n\nIn C++ templates, instantiating a template on a type that doesn't support the\noperations needed is a compile error (this is hopefully going to change with\nconcepts), while in Haskell, writing a function requires you to constrain the\ntypes that the function operates on to prevent misuse.", "\n\n------\nvalarauca1\nSite only supports TLS 1.1 (not TLS 1.2), only 1 cypher is available for use\n\n \n \n TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA (0x5)\n\n~~~\njackpirate\nWhy is this bad?", "\n\n~~~\nvalarauca1\n1) RC4 is broken.", "\n\n2) TLS 1.1 is nearly 4 years out of date.", "\n\nThe fact that the site only uses RC4 shows that the site's manager understands\nthe BEAST attack (as BEAST could attask TLS1.1 that weren't RC4). ", "Yet simply\ndoesn't care about the CRIME attack, or that RC4 is completely\ncryptographically defunct.", "\n\nIf you transfer a static document over RC4 changing keys constantly, you can\nactually average which bits are high and low, and get the clear text.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nLaravel Eloquent after save id becomes 0\n\nIt's a table migrated from https://github.com/lucadegasperi/oauth2-server-laravel\nIn the table oauth_clients, the field data type of id is varchar(40), not int.", "\n$name = Input::get('name');\n$id = str_random(40);\n$secret = str_random(40);\n\n$client = new oauthClient;\n$client->name = $name;\n$client->id = $id;\n$client->secret = $secret;\n$client->save();\n\nAfter save(); the $client->id become '0', not the string I assigned.", "\nThat makes the following relation table save fail.", "\n$endpoint = new OauthClientEndpoint(array('redirect_uri' => Input::get('redirect_uri));\n$client->OauthClientEndpoint()->save($endpoint);\n\nI checked the $client->id: after save, it becomes 0 and I get an error including this one:\n(SQL: insert into `oauth_client_endpoints` (`redirect_uri`, `client_id`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values (http://www.xxxxx.com, 0, 2014-09-01 11:10:16, 2014-09-01 11:10:16))\n\nI manually saved an endpoint to prevent this error for now. ", "But how do I resolve this issue?", "\nHere's my model:\nclass OauthClient extends Eloquent {\n\n protected $table = 'oauth_clients';\n\n public function OauthClientEndpoint(){\n return $this->hasOne('OauthClientEndpoint', 'client_id', 'id');\n }\n\n}\n\nclass OauthClientEndpoint extends Eloquent {\n\n protected $table = 'oauth_client_endpoints';\n protected $fillable = array('redirect_uri');\n\n public function OauthClient(){\n return $this->belongsTo('OauthClient', 'client_id', 'id');\n }\n\n}\n\nclass CreateOauthClientsTable extends Migration {\n public function up() {\n Schema::create('oauth_clients', function (Blueprint $table) {\n $table->string('id', 40);\n $table->string('secret', 40);\n $table->string('name');\n $table->timestamps();\n\n $table->unique('id');\n $table->unique(array('id', 'secret'));\n });\n }\n\n public function down() {\n Schema::drop('oauth_clients');\n }\n}\n\nclass CreateOauthClientEndpointsTable extends Migration {\n public function up() {\n Schema::create('oauth_client_endpoints', function (Blueprint $table) {\n $table->increments('id');\n $table->string('client_id', 40);\n $table->string('redirect_uri');\n\n $table->timestamps();\n\n $table->foreign('client_id')\n ->references('id')->on('oauth_clients')\n ->onDelete('cascade')\n ->onUpdate('cascade');\n\n });\n }\n\n public function down() {\n Schema::table('oauth_client_endpoints', function ($table) {\n $table->dropForeign('oauth_client_endpoints_client_id_foreign');\n });\n\n Schema::drop('oauth_client_endpoints');\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nWhen you are setting your own ID and not using auto_increment be sure to add public $incrementing = false; to that model. ", "In your case you want:\nclass OauthClient extends Eloquent {\n\n public $incrementing = false;\n protected $table = 'oauth_clients';\n\n public function OauthClientEndpoint(){\n return $this->hasOne('OauthClientEndpoint', 'client_id', 'id');\n }\n\n}\n\nThis is a tiny red block in the huge Laravel documentation: \n\nNote: Typically, your Eloquent models will have auto-incrementing keys. ", "However, if you wish to specify your own keys, set the incrementing property on your model to false.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Actress Ashley Judd's name has been thrown into the ring as a possible contender for Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell's seat in 2014.", "\n\nUS Rep. John Yarmouth, a Democrat from Kentucky, told the Courier-Journal, \"If you had an Ashley Judd-McConnell race, I think it would be as high profile a race as Elizabeth Warren and Scott Brown.\"", "\n\nThe Hill blog noted that Judd isn't a novice to politics. ", "She has been active as a Democrat, participating as a delegate at the Democratic National Committee and recording campaign ads for President Obama.", "\n\nUSA Today noted that Judd has hinted before that she might run for public office, but she never mentioned the US Senate.", "\n\nMore on GlobalPost: Lady Gaga pledges $1 million to NYC Sandy relief\n\nNBC's political correspondent Chuck Todd reported \"serious speculation\" about Judd being recruited, and The Huffington Post's political analyst Howard Fineman said, \"They want her. ", "I know they want her,\" while appearing on MSNBC. \"", "The money people in Kentucky want Ashley Judd,\" he said, according to USA Today.", "\n\nJudd, a Kentucky native, currently lives in Tennessee, but Yarmouth speculated that money would pour in if she entered the race in Kentucky, according to the Courier-Journal.", "\n\nMcConnell has a war chest of about $7 million and has hired former Ron Paul aide Jesse Benton to run his campaign, according to The Hill.", "\n\nThe other possible contenders for McConnell's seat include Kentucky Secretary of State, who Politico pointed out has ruled out a run, Lt. ", "Gov. Jerry Abramson and Matthew Barzun, Obama's chief fundraiser, according to the Courier-Journal." ]

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[ "What are ticks?", "\n\nAlthough ticks are commonly thought of as insects, they are actually arachnids similar to scorpions, spiders, and mites. ", "All adult ticks have eight legs and have no antennae. ", "Adult insects by comparison have six legs and one pair of antennae. ", "Ticks are parasites that feed on the blood of their host, which can be an animal or a human.", "\n\n\"Ticks are efficient carriers of disease.\"", "\n\nTicks are efficient carriers of disease because they attach firmly when sucking blood, feed slowly and may go unnoticed for a considerable time while feeding. ", "Ticks take several days to complete feeding.", "\n\nWhat are the different types of ticks?", "\n\nThere are two groups of ticks, sometimes called hard ticks and soft ticks. ", "Hard ticks, like the common American dog tick, have a hard shield just behind the mouth parts (sometimes incorrectly called the head); unfed hard ticks are shaped like a flat seed. ", "Soft ticks do not have the hard shield and they are shaped like a raisin. ", "Soft ticks prefer to feed on birds or bats and are seldom found on dogs or cats.", "\n\nWhat is the life cycle of the tick?", "\n\nTicks have four distinct life stages:\n\n1. ", "Egg\n\n2. ", "Six-legged larva\n\n3. ", "Eight-legged nymph\n\n4. ", "Adult\n\nFemales deposit from 3,000 to 6,000 eggs on the ground. ", "Adult ticks seek host animals to feed on, and after engorgement on blood, they quickly mate.", "\n\nMale hard ticks usually die after mating with one or more females, although some may continue to live for several months. ", "Females die soon after laying their eggs in protected habitats on the ground. ", "The life cycle requires from as little as 2 months to more than 2 years, depending on the species.", "\n\nAfter the egg hatches, the tiny larva (sometimes called a seed tick) feeds on an appropriate host. ", "The larva then develops (molts) into the larger nymph. ", "The nymph feeds on a host and then molts into an even larger adult. ", "Male and female adults feed and mate on the host; the female falls to the ground to lay her eggs, continuing the life cycle.", "\n\nHow did my dog get ticks?", "\n\nTicks wait for host animals on the tips of grasses and shrubs. ", "When the plant is brushed by a moving animal or person, the tick quickly lets go of the vegetation and climbs onto the host. ", "This is a process known as questing. ", "Ticks can only crawl; they cannot jump or fly. ", "Some species of ticks will crawl several feet toward a host. ", "Some tick species can be active on winter days if the ground temperatures are above 32 °F (0 °C).", "\n\nAre there certain ticks that I should be concerned about?", "\n\nAlthough there are at least 15 species of ticks in North America, only a few of these species are likely to be encountered by your dog. ", "They include American dog tick, lone star tick, deer or black-legged tick, and brown dog tick.", "\n\nOther tick species may be encountered in various regions. ", "Ask your veterinarian if you need additional information about a specific species.", "\n\nAmerican Dog Tick The American dog tick feeds on a wide variety of hosts, including humans and dogs, but rarely infests homes. ", "Adults are chestnut brown with white spots or streaks on their backs. ", "Engorged females become slate gray and may expand to a length of 1/2” (10-12 mm). ", "Larvae and nymphs feed mostly on small rodents, while adults feed on dogs, cattle, other animals, and humans. ", "These ticks are widely distributed throughout the Midwest, the Pacific Northwest, and eastern United States, as well as east of Saskatchewan in Canada. ", "They are attracted by the scent of animals, and humans most often encounter them near roads, paths, trails, and recreational areas. ", "Although present all year round, American dog ticks are most numerous in the spring. ", "The female dog tick lays 4,000 to 6,500 eggs and then dies. ", "The unfed larvae crawl in search of a host and can live up to 540 days without food. ", "Nymphs can live without food for up to 584 days. ", "That's over a year-and-a-half!", "\n\nAdults crawl in search of dogs or large animals for a blood meal. ", "Adult American dog ticks can live for up to two years without food. ", "They can be found in a waiting position on grass or other low vegetation along roads, paths, and trails. ", "As an animal passes by, the tick will crawl onto it and soon start feeding. ", "The males remain on the host for an indefinite period of time alternately feeding and mating. ", "The females feed, mate, become engorged, and then drop off the animal to lay their eggs.", "\n\n\"Adult American dog ticks can live for up to two years without food.\"", "\n\nThe American dog tick requires from three months to three years to complete a life cycle. ", "It typically is dependent on climatic and environmental conditions for its eggs to hatch.", "\n\nLone Star Tick\n\nAdult lone star ticks are various shades of brown or tan. ", "The female has a single silvery-white spot on their back and males have scattered white spots. ", "After feeding, females may be 1/2” (10-12 mm) long. ", "Larvae and nymphs parasitize small wild animals, birds, and rodents, while adults feed on larger animals such as dogs and cattle.", "\n\n\"Lone star ticks live in wooded and brushy areas.\"", "\n\nAll three stages of the lone star tick will bite dogs and humans. ", "These ticks live in wooded and brushy areas and are most numerous in the underbrush along creeks and river bottoms and near animal resting places. ", "Lone star ticks are present throughout the year, but peak populations may occur from March to July. ", "Regionally, they can be found in the Midwest, eastern, and southeastern, and United States. ", "The range of the lone star tick may be expanding with the re-introduction and increased populations of white-tailed deer in many areas of the eastern US.", "\n\nDeer or Black-legged tick\n\nAll three active stages of the deer or black-legged tick will feed on a variety of hosts including dogs and people. ", "After the eggs hatch in the spring, the very tiny larvae feed primarily on white-footed mice or other small mammals. ", "The following spring, the larvae molt into pinhead-sized, brown nymphs that will feed on mice, larger warm-blooded animals, and people.", "\n\n\"These ticks are usually found in wooded areas along trails.\"", "\n\nIn the fall, they molt into adults that feed primarily on deer, with the females laying up to 2,000 eggs the following spring. ", "Adults are reddish-brown and have a dark brown or black shield-like shape between their mouth parts and body.", "\n\nThese ticks are usually found in wooded areas along trails. ", "They are distributed through the Midwest and eastern United States, as well as throughout Canada with the highest proportion in Ontario. ", "The larvae and nymphs are active in the spring and early summer; adults may be active in both the spring and fall. ", "The deer or black-legged tick can transmit Lyme disease and possibly Ehrlichia and Anaplasma to dogs and people. ", "Powassan virus can also be transmitted by the black-legged tick to people.", "\n\nBrown Dog Tick The brown dog tick (also known as the kennel tick) is found through most of the United States and Canada and can transmit Ehrlichia. ", "This tick feeds on dogs, but rarely bites people. ", "Unlike the other species of ticks, its life cycle allows it to survive and develop indoors which means it can establish itself in colder climates. ", "The brown dog tick is found primarily in kennels or homes with dogs, where it may be found hiding in cracks, behind radiators, under rugs and furniture, and on draperies and walls. \"", "This tick is tropical in origin and does not survive long, cold winters outdoors.\"", "\n\nThe adult is reddish-brown and usually attaches around the ears or between the toes of a dog to feed. ", "After feeding, a female may engorge to 1/2” (10-12 mm) long. ", "She then drops off the dog and crawls into a hiding place where she may lay as many as 5,000 eggs. ", "This tick is tropical in origin and does not survive long, cold winters outdoors.", "\n\nLonghorned Tick\n\nThe longhorned tick was first detected in 2017 in New Jersey, and as of August 2019, these ticks have been found in 11 other US states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia). ", "These ticks have been found on cats, dogs, livestock, and people. ", "While it is not entirely clear if these ticks carry bacteria and viruses that could cause disease in North America, in other countries, longhorned ticks transmit severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) to people. ", "These ticks are unique in that the female tick reproduces and lays eggs without mating.", "\n\nHow can ticks be prevented?", "\n\nThere are many different types of tick preventatives available in the marketplace. ", "Some products are available over the counter, while others are only available through your veterinarian. ", "There are effective monthly preventatives that are typically applied to the skin at the back of the neck and represent a convenient method of control for these external parasites. ", "This includes Frontline Plus® (only available in the USA) and Advantix®. ", "In recent years, the topical preventive Bravecto® has been developed and lasts for 3 months when applied topically. ", "Additionally, there are chewable products such as Nexgard® and Simparica® that are given monthly; or chewable Bravecto® which is given every 3 months. ", "Your veterinarian will make specific recommendations to keep your pet parasite free.", "\n\nWhat should I do if I find a tick on me or my dog?", "\n\nUse fine tipped tweezers or disposable gloves to handle the tick. ", "If you must use your fingers, shield them with a tissue or paper towel. ", "Infectious agents may be contracted through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin simply by handling infected ticks. ", "This is especially important for people who de-tick pets because ticks infesting dogs and other domestic animals can carry multiple diseases capable of infecting humans.", "\n\n\"Infectious agents may be contracted through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin simply by handling infected ticks.\"", "\n\nGrasp the tick as close to the skin surface as possible. ", "This reduces the possibility of the head detaching from the body upon removal.", "\n\nPull the tick straight out with a steady, even pressure. ", "Continue applying steady pressure even if the tick does not release immediately. ", "It may take a minute or two of constant, slow pulling to cause the tick to release. ", "There are also tools available called Tick Twisters or Tick Keys which can be useful. ", "However, take care to use them cautiously as twisting or jerking the tick may cause the mouth parts to break off and remain in the skin, increasing the chances of infection.", "\n\nAfter removing the tick, thoroughly disinfect the bite area and wash your hands with soap and water. ", "Home remedies such as applying petroleum jelly or grease, or touching the rear of the tick with a hot match do not work effectively and are not recommended. ", "These techniques cause the tick to salivate and can actually increase the chance of getting a disease.", "\n\n\"Home remedies, such as applying petroleum jelly, will cause the tick to salivate and can actually increase the chance of getting a disease.\"", "\n\nAfter removing the tick, you may wish to preserve it in rubbing alcohol for identification. ", "Be sure to label the container with information about the time and place where the tick bite occurred. ", "This will help you to remember details of the incident, especially if a rash or other symptoms associated with Lyme disease appear later. ", "This information will be of help to a veterinarian or physician diagnosing an illness." ]

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[ "Endoparasites of selected populations of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) in the southeastern United States.", "\nDuring the fall of 1966 and spring of 1967, 260 cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) were collected from 13 sites in 8 southeastern states and examined for endoparasites. ", "In order of prevalence, the endoparasites found were: Obeliscoides cuniculi, Trichostrongylus calcaratus, Trichostrongylus affinis, Taenia pisiformis (cysticerci), Raillietina salmoni, Eimeria spp., ", "Longistriata noviberiae, Cittotaenia variabilis, Hasstilesia tricolor, Trichuris leporis, Dermatoxys veligera, Passalurus ambiguus, Dirofilaria scapiceps, Sarcocystis sp., ", "Linguatula serrata, Nematodirus leporis, and Gongylonema pulchrum. ", "Data are presented on prevalance and intensity of infection with each parasite along with information on geographic distribution. ", "Cottontail rabbits in the southeastern United States show a higher level of parasitism than has been reported from other regions, although these higher parasite burdens were not necessarily associated with increased host morbidity." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "---\nabstract: 'For a simple model we derive analytic expressions of entropy exchange and coherent information, from which relations between them and the concurrence are drawn. ", "We find that in the quantum evolution the entropy exchange exhibits behavior *opposite* to that of the concurrence, whereas the coherent information shows features very similar to those of the concurrence. ", "The meaning of this result for general systems is discussed.'", "\nauthor:\n- Yang Xiang\n- 'Shi-Jie Xiong'\ntitle: 'Entropy exchange, coherent information and concurrence'\n---\n\nQuantum entanglement is not only of interest in the interpretation of the foundation of quantum mechanics, but also a resource useful in quantum information processing and quantum computation. ", "A measure of the entanglement in a state of two qubits is the Wooters concurrence [@wootters1]. ", "For pure bipartite states one also uses the Von Neumann entropy of the reduced density matrix for either of the parties [@bennett1; @popescu] to measure the entanglement. ", "For a simple example, which has been proposed by Jordan *et al.* [", "@jordan], we have shown that in the quantum evolution a modified entanglement fidelity exhibits the behavior similar to that of the concurrence [@xiang]. ", "In this paper we investigate other two quantities, the *entropy exchange* and the *coherent information* [@schumacher1; @schumacher2], by deriving analytic expressions for the system proposed by Jordan *et al.*. ", "From these we obtain relations between them and the concurrence in the quantum evolution and discuss the possibility of using them as measures of the entanglement.", "\n\nWe begin with a brief discussion of noisy quantum processes and their mathematical descriptions. ", "$R$ and $Q$ are two quantum systems and the joint system $RQ$ is initially prepared in a pure entangled state ${\\left | \\Psi^{RQ} \\right \\rangle}$. The system $R$ is dynamically isolated and has a zero internal Hamiltonian, while the system $Q$ undergoes some evolution that possibly involves interaction with the environment. ", "The evolution of $Q$ might represent a transmission process via some quantum channel for the quantum information in $Q$. In general, the evolution of $Q$ can be represented by a quantum operator $\\varepsilon^{Q}$, which gives the mapping from the initial state to the final state $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\rho^{Q'}=\\varepsilon^{Q}(\\rho^{Q}).\\end{aligned}$$ Here, $\\rho^{Q}={\\mbox{Tr} }_{R}{{\\left | \\Psi^{RQ} \\right \\rangle}{\\left \\langle \\Psi^{RQ} \\right |}}$ which represents the initial state of system $Q$, and after the dynamical process the final state of the system becomes $\\rho^{Q'}$. In the most general case, the map $\\varepsilon^{Q}$ must be trace preserving and is a linear positive map [@stinespring; @kraus], so it can represent all unitary evolutions. ", "The evolution may also include unitary evolving interactions with an environment $E$. Suppose that the environment is initially in state $\\rho^{E}$. The operator can be written as $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\varepsilon^{Q}(\\rho^{Q})&=&{\\mbox{Tr} }_{E}{U\\left(\\rho^{Q}\\otimes\\rho^{E}\\right) U^{\\dag}}\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&{\\mbox{Tr} }_{E}{U\\left( \\rho^{Q}\\otimes\\sum_{i}{p_{i}|i\\rangle\\langle i|}\\right) U^{\\dag}}\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&\\sum_{j}{E_{j}^{Q}\\rho^{Q} E_{j}^{Q\\dag}}, \\label{operation}\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\sum_{i}{p_{i}|i\\rangle\\langle i|}$ is the spectral decomposition of $\\rho^{E}$ with $\\{ |i\\rangle \\}$ being a base in the Hilbert space $\\mathcal{H}_{E}$ of the environment $E$, and $E^{Q}_{j}=\\sum_{i}{\\sqrt{p_{i}}\\langle j|U|i\\rangle}$. The final state of $RQ$ is $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\rho^{RQ'}&= &\\mathcal{I}^{R}\\otimes\\varepsilon^{Q}(\\rho^{RQ})\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&\\sum_{j}{(1^{R}\\otimes E^{Q}_{j})\\rho^{RQ}(1^{R}\\otimes\nE^{Q}_{j})^{\\dag}}. ", "\\label{operation2}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe *entropy exchange* $S_{e}$ is defined as [@schumacher1] $$\\begin{aligned}\nS_{e}=-{\\mbox{Tr} }{\\rho^{RQ'}\\log{\\rho^{RQ'}}}. ", "\\label{se1}\\end{aligned}$$ It is the von Neumann entropy of the final state of the joint system $RQ$. Throughout this paper we use $\\log$ to denote $\\log_{2}$. The intrinsic expression of the entropy exchange is given by $S_{e}=S(W)$, $S(\\rho)$ is the von Neumann entropy of density operator $\\rho$ and $W$ is a density operator with components (in an orthonormal basis) $$\\begin{aligned}\nW_{ij}={\\mbox{Tr} }{E^{Q}_{i}\\rho^{Q} E^{Q\\dag}_{j}}. ", "\\label{w1}\\end{aligned}$$ The entropy exchange is an intrinsic property of $Q$, depending only on $\\rho^{Q}$ and $\\varepsilon^{Q}$. It is a measure of the information exchanged between system $Q$ and the environment during evolution $\\varepsilon^{Q}$. If there is no interaction between system $Q$ and the environment, i.e., $\\varepsilon^{Q}$ is a unitary operator, then after the dynamical process the final state of the joint system $RQ$ is still a pure state. ", "This means that in this case the entropy exchange equals zero. ", "A complete discussion of the entropy exchange can be seen in Refs. [", "@schumacher1; @schumacher2; @barnum]. ", "In Ref. [", "@xiang] we show that the modified entanglement fidelity (MEF) admirably reflects the entanglement preservation. ", "The MEF is defined as $$\\begin{aligned}\nF_{e}=\\max_{U^{Q}}{\\left \\langle \\Psi^{RQ} \\right |}(1^{R}\\otimes\nU^{Q})\\rho^{RQ'}(1^{R}\\otimes U^{Q})^{\\dag}{\\left | \\Psi^{RQ} \\right \\rangle},\n\\label{f}\\end{aligned}$$ where $U^{Q}$ is a unitary transformation acting on $Q$. A connection between the MEF and the entropy exchange is given by the *quantum Fano inequality* [@schumacher1], $$\\begin{aligned}\nh(F_{e})+(1-F_{e})\\log(d^{2}-1)\\geq S_{e}, \\label{fano}\\end{aligned}$$ where $h(\\rho)=-\\rho\\log\\rho-(1-\\rho)\\log(1-\\rho)$ and $d$ is the number of the complex dimensions of the Hilbert space ${{\\cal H}}$ describing system $Q$. We can easily find that when $F_{e}=1$, i.e., the entanglement is admirably preserved in the evolution process, $S_{e}$ equals zero. ", "This implies that there may be some connection between the entropy exchange and the measures of the entanglement, e.g., the concurrence.", "\n\nAnother important intrinsic quantity is the *coherent information* $I_{e}$. It is defined as [@schumacher2] $$\\begin{aligned}\nI_{e}=S(\\rho^{Q'})-S(\\rho^{RQ'})=S(\\rho^{Q'})-S_{e}.", "\n\\label{i}\\end{aligned}$$ For classical systems, $I_{e}$ can never be positive since the entropy of the joint system $RQ$ can never be less than the entropy of the subsystem $Q$. But, for quantum systems, $I_{e}$ may take positive value. ", "For example, if $\\rho^{RQ'}$ is an entangled pure state, then $\\rho^{Q'}$ is a mixed state, implying that $S(\\rho^{Q'})>0$ and $S(\\rho^{RQ'})=0$. Thus, $I_{e}$ can be regarded as a measure of the “nonclassicity” of the final joint state $\\rho^{RQ'}$, or, in other words, the degree of the quantum entanglement retained by $R$ and $Q$.\n\nNow we discuss a simple example introduced by Jordan *et al.* ", "in their work [@jordan]. ", "For this example we can give analytic expressions of the entropy exchange and the coherent information from which the relations between them and the concurrence can be obtained. ", "We consider two entangled qubits, $A$ and $B$, and suppose that qubit $A$ interacts with a control qubit $C$. ", "Then $A$, $B$ and $C$ respectively correspond to systems $Q$, $R$ and environment $E$ discussed above. ", "We suppose that the initial states of the three qubits are $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\Lambda=\\rho^{AB}\\otimes\\frac{1}{2} 1_{c} \\label{w},\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\rho^{AB}$ is the initial state of joint system $A$ and $B$. According to the Schmidt theorem [@schmidt], a pure state of two $\\frac{1}{2}$-spins can be decomposed as $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\left | \\Psi \\right \\rangle}&=&e^{-i\\varphi/2}\\cos(\\frac{\\theta}{2}){\\left | {\\bf\nn} \\right \\rangle}_{A}{\\left | {\\bf\nm} \\right \\rangle}_{B}\\nonumber\\\\\n&~~~~&+e^{i\\varphi/2}\\sin(\\frac{\\theta}{2}){\\left | {\\bf\n-n} \\right \\rangle}_{A}{\\left | {\\bf -m} \\right \\rangle}_{B}, \\label{www}\\end{aligned}$$ where ${\\bf n}$ and ${\\bf m}$ are two points on the Poincaré sphere, and the subscript specifies the related qubit $A$ or $B$. The “angle” $\\theta$ in Eq. (", "\\[www\\]) determines the degree of entanglement in the state. ", "The angle satisfies $0\\leq\\theta\\leq\\pi$, $\\theta=0$ and $\\theta=\\pi$ correspond to the product states, and the maximal entanglement is obtained for $\\theta=\\frac{\\pi}{2}$. Without losing generality we set the initial state of the joint system $A$ and $B$ as $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\left | \\psi \\right \\rangle}=\\cos\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right){\\left | +z \\right \\rangle}_{A}{\\left | -z \\right \\rangle}_{B}\n+\\sin\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right){\\left | -z \\right \\rangle}_{A}{\\left | +z \\right \\rangle}_{B},\n\\label{initial state}\\end{aligned}$$ where ${\\left | \\pm z \\right \\rangle}$ represent the eigenstates of $\\sigma_{z}$ with eigenvalues $\\pm 1$. So the density matrix $\\rho^{AB}={\\left | \\psi \\right \\rangle}{\\left \\langle \\psi \\right |}$. For simplicity, we omit the “azimuthal angle\" $\\varphi$, as factor $e^{\\pm i\\varphi/2}$ can be absorbed in eigenstates ${\\left | \\pm z \\right \\rangle}$ and has no effect on the final results.", "\n\nWe suggest an interaction between qubits $A$ and $C$ described by the unitary transformation $$\\begin{aligned}\nU=e^{-i t H} \\label{u},\\end{aligned}$$ where $$\\begin{aligned}\nH=\\frac{\\lambda\\sigma^{A}_{z}}{2}({\\left | \\alpha \\right \\rangle}{\\left \\langle \\alpha \\right |}-{\\left | \\beta \\right \\rangle}{\\left \\langle \\beta \\right |})\n\\label{h}\\end{aligned}$$ with $\\lambda$ being the strength of the interaction, and ${\\left | \\alpha \\right \\rangle}$ and ${\\left | \\beta \\right \\rangle}$ are two orthonormal vectors for system $C$. ", "Then the changing density matrix for joint system of $A$ and $B$ can be calculated as\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\rho^{AB'}&=&{\\mbox{Tr} }_{c}{\\left[(U\\otimes1^{B})\\Lambda(U\\otimes1^{B})^{\\dag}\\right]}\n={\\mbox{Tr} }_{c}{\\left[(U\\otimes1^{B})({\\left | \\psi \\right \\rangle}{\\left \\langle \\psi \\right |}\\otimes\\frac{1}{2}1_{c})(U\\otimes1^{B})^{\\dag}\\right]}\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&\\left(\n\\begin{array}{c}\n0~~~~~~~~0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0\\\\\n0~~~~~~~\\cos^{2}\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\\cos(\\lambda\nt)\\cos\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)\\sin\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0\\\\\n0~~~~~~~\\cos(\\lambda\nt)\\cos\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)\\sin\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)~~~~\\sin^{2}\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0\\\\\n0~~~~~~~~0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0\n\\end{array}\\right). ", "\\label{dm}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe changing density matrix $\\rho^{AB'}$ usually represents a mixed state. ", "In order to quantify the entanglement we adopt the Wootters concurrence [@wootters1] defined as $$\\begin{aligned}\nC(\\rho)\\equiv\\max[0,\\sqrt{\\lambda_{1}}-\\sqrt{\\lambda_{2}}-\n\\sqrt{\\lambda_{3}}-\\sqrt{\\lambda_{4}}],\\end{aligned}$$ where $\\rho$ is the density matrix representing the investigated state of the joint system of $A$ and $B$, $\\lambda_{1}$, $\\lambda_{2}$, $\\lambda_{3}$, and $\\lambda_{4}$ are the eigenvalues of $\\rho\\sigma^{A}_{2}\\sigma^{B}_{2}\\rho^{\\ast}\n\\sigma^{A}_{2}\\sigma^{B}_{2}$ in the decreasing order, and $\\rho^{\\ast}$ is the complex conjugation of $\\rho$.\n\n\\\n[(a)$\\;\\theta=\\pi/4$]{}\n\n\\\n[(b)$\\;\\theta=\\pi/3$]{}\n\n\\\n[(c)$\\;\\theta=\\pi/2$]{}\n\n\\\n[(d)$\\;\\theta=3\\pi/4$]{}\n\nFrom Eq. (", "\\[dm\\]) we can obtain $$\\begin{aligned}\nC(\\rho^{AB'})=\\sin\\theta|\\cos{\\lambda t}|.\\end{aligned}$$ It is found that at time $\\lambda t=\\frac{\\pi}{2}$, the state $\\rho^{AB'}$ is changed from the initial entangled state at $t=0$ to a separable state, while at time $\\lambda t=\\pi$ the state $\\rho^{AB'}$ returns to the state with the initial entanglement. ", "We can also find that if the initial state is a product state, i.e., $\\theta=0$ or $\\theta=\\pi$, the concurrence always equals zero.", "\n\nUsing Eqs. (", "\\[operation\\]), (\\[w\\]), (\\[u\\]), and (\\[h\\]), we obtain the quantum operation on qubit $A$, $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\varepsilon^{A}(\\rho^{A})&=&{\\mbox{Tr} }_{C}{U(\\rho^{A}\\otimes\\rho^{C})U^{\\dag}}\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&{\\mbox{Tr} }_{C}{U\\left(\\rho^{A}\\otimes(\\frac{1}{2}({{\\left | \\alpha \\right \\rangle}\\!\\!{\\left \\langle \\alpha \\right |}}+{{\\left | \\beta \\right \\rangle}\\!\\!{\\left \\langle \\beta \\right |}}))\\right)U^{\\dag}}\\nonumber\\\\\n&=&\\frac{1}{2}e^{-i \\sigma^{A}_{3}\\left(\\frac{\\lambda\nt}{2}\\right)}\\rho^{A}e^{+i \\sigma^{A}_{3}\\left(\\frac{\\lambda\nt}{2}\\right)}\\nonumber\\\\\n&~~~~&+\\frac{1}{2}e^{+i \\sigma^{A}_{3}\\left(\\frac{\\lambda\nt}{2}\\right)}\\rho^{A}e^{-i \\sigma^{A}_{3}\\left(\\frac{\\lambda\nt}{2}\\right)}. ", "\\label{expression}\\end{aligned}$$ So $E^{A}_{\\alpha}=\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2}}e^{-i\n\\sigma^{A}_{3}\\left(\\frac{\\lambda t}{2}\\right)}$ and $E^{A}_{\\beta}=\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2}}e^{+i\n\\sigma^{A}_{3}\\left(\\frac{\\lambda t}{2}\\right)}$. Substituting them into Eq. (", "\\[w1\\]) and noting that $\\rho^{A} \\equiv\n{\\mbox{Tr} }_{B}{(\\rho^{AB})}=\\left(\n\\begin{array}{c}\n\\cos^{2}\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)~0~~~~~~~~~\\\\\n0~~~~~~~~~~\\sin^{2}\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)\n\\end{array}\\right)$, we can get the density matrix $W$ in Eq. (", "\\[w1\\]) as\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nW=\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\begin{array}{c}\n1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\\cos(\\lambda t)-i\\sin(\\lambda t)\\cos(\\theta)\\\\\n\\cos(\\lambda t)+i\\sin(\\lambda\nt)\\cos(\\theta)~~1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n\\end{array}\\right). ", "\\label{w2}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThus, we have $$\\begin{aligned}\nS_{e}=&-&\\frac{1}{2}\\left[1-\\sqrt{\\cos^{2}(\\lambda\nt)+\\cos^{2}(\\theta)\\sin^{2}(\\lambda\nt)}\\right]\\log\\left\\{\\frac{1}{2}\\left[1-\\sqrt{\\cos^{2}(\\lambda\nt)+\\cos^{2}(\\theta)\\sin^{2}(\\lambda\nt)}\\right]\\right\\}\\nonumber\\\\\n&-&\\frac{1}{2}\\left[1+\\sqrt{\\cos^{2}(\\lambda\nt)+\\cos^{2}(\\theta)\\sin^{2}(\\lambda\nt)}\\right]\\log\\left\\{\\frac{1}{2}\\left[1+\\sqrt{\\cos^{2}(\\lambda\nt)+\\cos^{2}(\\theta)\\sin^{2}(\\lambda t)}\\right]\\right\\}. ", "\\label{se}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nWe can also directly calculate $S_{e}$ by using Eq. (", "\\[dm\\]) and Eq. (", "\\[se1\\]). ", "From Eq. (", "\\[se\\]), we find that if the initial state is a product one, i.e., $\\theta=0$ or $\\theta=\\pi$, the entropy exchange always equals zero.", "\n\nThe evolutions of the entropy exchange $S_{e}$ and the concurrence $C(\\rho^{AB'})$ are depicted in Fig. ", "\\[fig1\\]. ", "We can see that the entropy exchange exhibits the behavior *opposite* to that of the concurrence in the quantum evolution. ", "During the evolution $\\varepsilon^{A}$, the more information exchanged between $A$ and “environment” $C$, the more entanglement between $A$ and $B$ is lost.", "\n\nNow we discuss the coherent information $I_{e}$. By using Eq. (", "\\[dm\\]) we find that $\\rho^{A'}= {\\mbox{Tr} }_{B}{(\\rho^{AB'})}=\\left(\n\\begin{array}{c}\n\\cos^{2}\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)~0~~~~~~~~~\\\\\n0~~~~~~~~~~\\sin^{2}\\left(\\frac{\\theta}{2}\\right)\n\\end{array}\\right)$, so from Eq. (", "\\[i\\]) we can obtain $I_{e}$. The evolutions of the coherent information $I_{e}$ and the concurrence $C(\\rho^{AB'})$ are depicted in Fig. ", "\\[fig2\\]. ", "It can be seen that $I_{e}$ exhibits the behavior very similar to that of the concurrence in the quantum evolution, although their values are not exactly consistent with each other at all moments.", "\n\n\\\n[(a)$\\;\\theta=\\pi/4$]{}\n\n\\\n[(b)$\\;\\theta=\\pi/3$]{}\n\n\\\n[(c)$\\;\\theta=\\pi/2$]{}\n\n\\\n[(d)$\\;\\theta=3\\pi/4$]{}\n\nThe negative correlation between the entropy exchange and the concurrence is a striking feature of the quantities. ", "In this example the range of $S_{e}$ is in $(0,1)$, where the left-hand side of the Fano inequality (\\[fano\\]) is a monotonic decreasing function of the MEF $F_{e}$. This means that for a quantum operation with a given $S_{e}$ there should be an upper bound of $F_{e}$. In Ref. [", "@xiang] we have shown that $F_{e}$ exhibits the behavior similar to that of the concurrence in the quantum evolution. ", "So for a quantum operation giving $S_{e}$ there is also an upper bound of the concurrence. ", "This only gives a rough correlation between the concurrence and the entropy exchange. ", "Owing to the simplicity of the example we are able to obtain the analytical expressions of $F_{e}$ and $S_{e}$ and to illustrate the definite negative correlation between them. ", "In this sample the effect of the environment is represented by only a single qubit ($C$). ", "In Eq. (", "\\[w\\]), we assumed the initial state of qubit $C$ is a mixed one. ", "For a more complicated environment we may introduce an extra system, e.g., a qubit $D$, in addition to qubit $C$. ", "If this new qubit purifies the initial state, then all the results obtained above are retained. ", "In fact, we can regard the system $AB$ and the environment $CD$ as a new joint system and assume that the initial state of this joint system is a pure state. ", "After a quantum operation which represents the interaction between subsystems $A$ and $C$, the final state of the joint system must be a pure state too, so the entropy exchange can also be seen as a measure of the entanglement between $AB$ and $CD$. The information exchange between $A$ and $C$, which is the result of the interaction, will cause the entanglement between $AB$ and $CD$, and decrease the entanglement between $A$ and $B$. This results in the opposite behavior between the entropy exchange and the concurrence in the quantum evolution. ", "This also means that the entanglement between $A$ and $B$ and the entanglement between $AB$ and $CD$ have negative correlation. ", "Thus, the conclusion about the negative correlation between the entropy exchange and the concurrence may be extended to the case of environment having two qubits but the initial state being purified. ", "In other cases where the environment includes more qubits but there are no correlations between them, the effect of every qubit in the environment should be similar to that of the single qubit investigated in this example.", "\n\nThe coherent information $I_{e}$ depends only on $\\rho^{Q}$ and $\\varepsilon^{Q}$ and is used to measure the amount of quantum information conveyed in the noisy channel. ", "We imagine that the initial state of system $Q$ is $\\rho^{Q}$ which arises from the entanglement between $Q$ and a reference system $R$. Now the goal of Alice in $Q$ is to send the initial state $\\rho^{Q}$ to Bob via a quantum channel (which can be described by $\\varepsilon^{Q}$) and establish an entanglement between reference system $R$ and Bob’s output system $Q'$. The coherent information $I_{e}$ can express the degree of achieving this aim. ", "In above investigation we just model the time evolution of quantum information transmitted via a noisy quantum channel described by the interaction with a control qubit. ", "By comparing the coherent information $I_{e}$ and the concurrence, we find that $I_{e}$ is indeed a good measure for the capacity of a quantum channel to transmit the entanglement.", "\n\nIn summary, for an example modeling interaction with environment we derive the analytic expressions of the entropy exchange and the coherent information. ", "From these we find that both the entropy exchange and the coherent information have profound correlations with the measure of the entanglement.", "\n\n0.5 cm\n\n[*Acknowledgments*]{} This work was supported by the State Key Programs for Basic Research of China (Grants No. ", "2005CB623605 and No. ", "2006CB921803), and by National Foundation of Natural Science in China Grant No. ", "10474033 and No. ", "60676056.", "\n\n[100]{}\n\nW.K. Wootters, Phys. ", "Rev. Lett. 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{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

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[ "Hawker 700\n\nIntroduced in 1977, the hawker 700 has endured thanks to its durability, spacious stand-up cabin and bargain prices. ", "You can pick one up on the used market for as little as $1 million. ", "spend a little extra on paint, a new interior, a cockpit makeover and a maintenance service plan, and your airplane will be hard to distinguish from a brand-new Hawker 900XP selling for $14 million.", "\n\nThe midsize British aerospace Hawker 700A sort of reminds me of legendary NFL quarterback Brett Favre. ", "It's rugged, dependable, old, getting a little slow compared with the new guys, costs a little too much to keep around, needs minor surgery from time to time and isn't really cost-effective to program with new plays. ", "Plus, people keep talking about retiring it. ", "But against all odds, the 700 always seems to have another season left in it, albeit sometimes for a different team.", "\n\nThe Hawker 700 is unquestionably a workhorse, but when it comes to ramp presence, well, let's just say that it's aesthetically challenged. ", "The windshield looks as if it was stolen from a 1950s turboprop. (", "OK, more like a 1930s DC-3.) \"", "It's so ugly that only a mother could love it,\" said Rick Engles, a Hawker 700 expert who worked for British Aerospace's Corporate Jet Division between 1976 and 1993 and is now president of Vance & Engles Aircraft Brokers in Maryland. ", "Engles said three factors explain why the 215 Hawker 700s produced between 1977 and 1984 remain popular: \"cabin, cabin and cabin.\"", "\n\nThe Hawker 700's passenger compartment is bigger than that of competitive airplanes, such as the Learjet 55 and Citation III. ", "It seats up to eight (plus the two pilots up front) and is 21 feet long, six feet wide and almost six feet tall. ", "The standard cabin layout features five single slide-swivel-reclining executive seats and a three-place side-facing divan. ", "You'll also find small forward and aft closets, a minimalist forward galley and an aft lavatory through which you access the baggage hold. (", "Legally you can put a ninth passenger on the belted potty-perhaps a passenger you really dislike.) ", "While the 604-cubic-foot cabin is spacious, the baggage compartment, at 40 cubic feet, is woefully inadequate for today's take-it-all-with-me jet set.", "\n\nThe Hawker 700 can fly almost 2,000 nautical miles with seats full. ", "Available payload with full fuel is 1,350 pounds. ", "Hawkers have been around since 1962 and perhaps no business jet has a longer history of evolutionary performance improvement. ", "Over the years, the aircraft has received significant upgrades in airfoils, engines and systems. ", "Today it remains one of the best-selling business airplanes of all time, with more than 1,000 produced across all models. ", "The Hawker's rugged and simple systems have created an enduring market for the line.", "\n\nEngles and everyone else interviewed for this article also attested to the 700's build quality. \"", "It's a rugged airplane that holds up very well,\" said Greg McCurley, vice president of the Hawker resale team for Hawker Beechcraft. (", "Raytheon bought British Aerospace's corporate jet division in 1993. ", "In 2006 Raytheon sold its aircraft division to an investor consortium that renamed the company Hawker Beechcraft to reflect its two main product lines.) ", "McCurley doesn't have to say nice things about the Hawker 700-Hawker Beechcraft rarely takes one in on trade these days, even though an estimated 30 percent are on the used market.", "\n\n\"We don't see a lot of maintenance on them\" compared with similar aircraft, added Rick Brainard, vice president of West Star Aviation, one of the country's largest maintenance and modification centers. ", "However, because the Hawker is still in production, when you need airframe parts it generally isn't a problem. ", "The more modern 800 and 900 series Hawkers have different wings, windshields, avionics and engines, but a lot of other parts are basically unchanged from the 700.", "\n\nThere are other reasons why the 700 remains popular. ", "Unlike some vintage business jets, Hawker 700s can satisfy Stage III anti-noise requirements without costly modification, thanks to their Honeywell TFE731-3RH turbofan engines (3,720 pounds of thrust each, together burning 263 gallons of fuel per hour at cruise altitude). ", "The 731 engine is fairly ubiquitous. ", "Parts are plentiful and most shops know how to work on them. ", "Engines must be overhauled at 4,000 hours and the average cost is $250,000 each. ", "Not great, but not awful. ", "Most Hawker 700 engines are covered under some sort of an hourly cost maintenance service plan. ", "This levels out maintenance costs and takes the bite out of \"big hit\" events.", "\n\nTHEN THERE IS THE PURCHASE PRICE. ", "You can buy a good 1984 700A with less than 10,000 hours on the airframe for as little as $1.5 million (average $1.7 million), a real bargain when you consider that a new Hawker 900XP runs $14.3 million and even a late 1980s vintage Hawker 800 can cost $4 million. ", "Of course, those airplanes have more modern systems, better cabin ergonomics and more range, and fly slightly faster. ", "But you can purchase older 700s-say, a 1977 model-for as little as $1 million.", "\n\nWhile 700s may be cheap to get into, they aren't necessarily inexpensive to maintain. ", "They require more frequent inspections than newer models. ", "An average 48-month inspection runs $175,000. ", "More thorough inspections-a 12-year structural inspection with X-rays, for example-can cost $400,000. ", "Many of the 700s currently on the market are based in countries where, to be blunt, aircraft maintenance is sometimes more of an elective pursuit. ", "By and large, those will be the 700B models. ", "The only difference between a 700A and a 700B is the certification paperwork, according to Martin Tuck, technical marketing manager for Hawker Beechcraft.", "\n\nAll 700s were built in the United Kingdom. ", "The 700As were flown to the U.S. or Canada to be painted and have their interiors completed. ", "The 700Bs, for the most part, were sold elsewhere and have a non-U.S. certification basis; they can fly at 43,000 feet, while 700As are limited to 41,000 feet. ", "This gives the B models slightly more range, because the higher you go, the less fuel you burn. ", "However, because of the certification paperwork, buying a B outside the U.S. and then getting it into the country can be a bureaucratic nightmare unless you're working with an experienced broker.", "\n\nThere are a few other items to consider with this airplane. ", "Engine thrust reversers were optional on the 700 and are generally unnecessary. ", "The 700 slows down plenty fast by using its \"lift-dump\" system alone. ", "It \"lifts\" the wing spoilers and \"dumps\" the flaps down to 75 degrees after touchdown, creating ample aerodynamic drag that slows the airplane down in a hurry. ", "Reversers add weight, cut climb and cruise speed, and increase maintenance expense.", "\n\nWhile you can buy a plethora of things to modernize the cockpit and cabin, the airplane's price point dissuades most owners from diving into big-ticket items, lest they become financially \"upside down\" in the aircraft. ", "Mid-Canada Mod Center offers a spiffy glass cockpit conversion, but it costs an average of $600,000. ", "Completely gutting the cabin and replacing it with a more modern-looking interior can easily run $700,000.", "\n\nSome upgrades may be cost-effective and sensible, however, depending on how you use the airplane, according to Ron Jennings, director of completion sales at Elliott Aviation in Moline, Ill. They include recovering the interior and replacing the veneer ($200,000), installing an in-flight entertainment system ($40,000 to $90,000) and replacing harsh fluorescent cabin lighting with new LED technology ($40,000 to $50,000).", "\n\nRick Brainard said West Star can repaint a 700 for around $60,000.", "\n\nWearing a different color can help an old veteran stick around a bit longer. ", "Just ask Brett Favre.", "\n\nPlain text\n\nQuote/Unquote\n\n“\"Many years ago, our company founder, Al Conklin, sold a new twin-engine business aircraft to a very successful entrepreneur. ", "He had established a bit of a rapport with the individual and, after the sale, asked him straight out, 'How can you justify the cost of this airplane?' ", "His reply? '", "What is the cost of a divorce?'\"–David Wyndham, president, Conklin & de Decker”" ]

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[ "The Freedom From Religion Foundation (FFRF) has remedied a constitutional violation taking place within an Oklahoma City school district.", "\n\nIt was reported to FFRF by a concerned area resident that Putnam City High School had been including religion in its football program. ", "The Rev. Mike Keahbone was allegedly leading the team in prayers. ", "Keahbone had explained that his goal, in coordination with his church, was to proselytize players, having stated, “If the Lord opens the door, we’ll share the Gospel with them.”", "\n\nIn a letter sent to City Schools Superintendent Fred Rhodes, FFRF informed the district that it can neither allow a non-school adult access to the children in its charge nor can it grant that access to a religious speaker seeking to proselytize students.", "\n\n\n\n“Public school football teams cannot appoint or employ a chaplain, seek out a spiritual leader for the team or agree to have a volunteer team chaplain, because public schools may not advance or promote religion,” wrote FFRF Legal Fellow Chris Line. “", "Similarly, it is illegal for a public school or school-appointed volunteer to organize, sponsor or lead prayers at public high school athletic events.”", "\n\nFFRF emphasized that school endorsement of Christianity is particularly troubling given that almost half of young Americans are non-Christian. ", "The state-church watchdog requested that the district end the chaplaincy program and and take action to stop coaches and other school representatives from organizing, leading or participating in prayers with student athletes.", "\n\nA legal representative of Putnam City Schools recently informed FFRF that the district had investigated the incident and discovered that Keahbone had been allowed into the team’s locker room to interact with students and offer prayer. ", "FFRF was assured that new procedures had been put into place and that the athletic staff has been instructed that the practice of allowing access to students and engaging in prayer before any game would cease immediately.", "\n\n“Religion is divisive and has no place in a football team locker room,” says FFRF Co-President Annie Laurie Gaylor. “", "We’re pleased that the school district has taken corrective action to honor their students’ rights of conscience and create a more inclusive team atmosphere.”", "\n\nThe Freedom From Religion Foundation is a national nonprofit organization with 32,000 members across the country, including members in Oklahoma. ", "Its purposes are to protect the constitutional principle of separation between state and church, and to educate the public on matters relating to nontheism." ]

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[ "Q:\n\npthread_create argument in c multi thread programming\n\npthread_create(&Thread,NULL,ChildThread,(void *)100);\n1) Can we pass the 4th argument of pthread_create as shown above? ", "shouldn't it be a pointer variable?", "\n\nA:\n\nJust an example (not meant to be correct way of doing it; but to serve as example code for anyone who want to play with it):\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <sys/types.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <pthread.h>\n\nvoid *print_number(void *number) {\n printf(\"Thread received parameter with value: %d\\n\", number);\n return (void *)number;\n}\n\nint main(int argc, char *argv[]) {\n pthread_t thread;\n void *ret;\n int pt_stat;\n pt_stat = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, print_number, (void *)100);\n if (pt_stat) {\n printf(\"Error creating thread\\n\");\n exit(0);\n }\n\n pthread_join(thread, &ret);\n printf(\"Return value: %d\\n\", ret);\n\n pthread_exit(NULL);\n\n return 0;\n}\n\nThis will lead to undefined behavior if the pointer value is greater then what an int can hold. ", "See this quote from C99:\nAny pointer type may be converted to an integer type. ", "Except as previously specified, the result is implementation-defined. ", "If the result cannot be represented in the integer type, the behavior is undefined. ", "The result need not be in the range of values of any integer type.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "// Nature of Code\n// Daniel Shiffman\n// Chapter 3: Oscillation\n\n// Object to describe an anchor point that can connect to \"Bob\" objects via a spring\n// Thank you: http://www.myphysicslab.com/spring2d.html\n\nclass Spring {\n\n constructor(x, y, length) {\n this.anchor = createVector(x, y);\n this.restLength = length;\n this.k = 0.2;\n }\n // Calculate and apply spring force\n connect(bob) {\n // Vector pointing from anchor to bob location\n let force = p5.Vector.sub(bob.position, this.anchor);\n // What is distance\n let d = force.mag();\n // Stretch is difference between current distance and rest length\n let stretch = d - this.restLength;\n\n // Calculate force according to Hooke's Law\n // F = k * stretch\n force.normalize();\n force.mult(-1 * this.k * stretch);\n bob.applyForce(force);\n }\n\n // Constrain the distance between bob and anchor between min and max\n constrainLength(b, minLength, maxLength) {\n let dir = p5.Vector.sub(b.position, this.anchor);\n let d = dir.mag();\n // Is it too short?", "\n if (d < minLength) {\n dir.normalize();\n dir.mult(minLength);\n // Reset location and stop from moving (not realistic physics)\n b.position = p5.Vector.add(this.anchor, dir);\n b.velocity.mult(0);\n // Is it too long?", "\n } else if (d > maxLength) {\n dir.normalize();\n dir.mult(maxLength);\n // Reset location and stop from moving (not realistic physics)\n b.position = p5.Vector.add(this.anchor, dir);\n b.velocity.mult(0);\n }\n }\n\n // Constrain the distance between bob and anchor between min and max\n constrainLength(bob, minlen, maxlen) {\n let dir = p5.Vector.sub(bob.position, this.anchor);\n let d = dir.mag();\n // Is it too short?", "\n if (d < minlen) {\n dir.normalize();\n dir.mult(minlen);\n // Reset position and stop from moving (not realistic physics)\n bob.position = p5.Vector.add(anchor, dir);\n bob.velocity.mult(0);\n // Is it too long?", "\n } else if (d > maxlen) {\n dir.normalize();\n dir.mult(maxlen);\n // Reset position and stop from moving (not realistic physics)\n bob.position = p5.Vector.add(this.anchor, dir);\n bob.velocity.mult(0);\n }\n }\n\n display() {\n stroke(255);\n fill(127);\n strokeWeight(2);\n ellipse(this.anchor.x, this.anchor.y, 10);\n }\n\n displayLine(b) {\n strokeWeight(2);\n stroke(255);\n line(b.position.x, b.position.y, this.anchor.x, this.anchor.y);\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nUsing UserPrincipal.", "FindByIdentity and PrincipalContext with nested OU\n\nHere is what I am trying to achieve:\nI have a nested OU structure that is about 5 levels deep.", "\nOU=Portal,OU=Dev,OU=Apps,OU=Grps,OU=Admin,DC=test,DC=com\n\nI am trying to find out if the user has permissions/exists at OU=Portal.", "\nHere's a snippet of what I currently have:\nPrincipalContext domain = new PrincipalContext(\n ContextType.", "Domain,\n \"test.com\",\n \"OU=Portal,OU=Dev,OU=Apps,OU=Grps,OU=Admin,DC=test,DC=com\");\n\nUserPrincipal user = UserPrincipal.", "FindByIdentity(domain, myusername);\nPrincipalSearchResult<Principal> group = user.", "GetAuthorizationGroups();\n\nFor some unknown reason, the value user generated from the above code is always null. ", "However, if I were to drop all the OU as follows:\nPrincipalContext domain = new PrincipalContext(\n ContextType.", "Domain,\n \"test.com\",\n \"DC=test,DC=com\");\n\nUserPrincipal user = UserPrincipal.", "FindByIdentity(domain, myusername);\nPrincipalSearchResult<Principal> group = user.", "GetAuthorizationGroups();\n\nthis would work just fine and return me the correct user. ", "I am simply trying to reduce the number of results as opposed to getting everything from AD.", "\nIs there anything that I am doing wrong? ", "I've Googled for hours and tested various combinations without much luck.", "\n\nA:\n\nWell, if\nUserPrincipal.", "FindByIdentity(context, identityType, username) == null\n\nthen the user has not been found, which in your case probably is, because the user isn't defined in the OU= you are setting as container in your Context.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Robot-assisted home hazard assessment for fall prevention: a feasibility study.", "\nWe examined the feasibility of using a remotely manoeuverable robot to make home hazard assessments for fall prevention. ", "We employed use-case simulations to compare robot assessments with in-person assessments. ", "We screened the homes of nine elderly patients (aged 65 years or more) for fall risks using the HEROS screening assessment. ", "We also assessed the participants' perspectives of the remotely-operated robot in a survey. ", "The nine patients had a median Short Blessed Test score of 8 (interquartile range, IQR 2-20) and a median Life-Space Assessment score of 46 (IQR 27-75). ", "Compared to the in-person assessment (mean = 4.2 hazards identified per participant), significantly more home hazards were perceived in the robot video assessment (mean = 7.0). ", "Only two checklist items (adequate bedroom lighting and a clear path from bed to bathroom) had more than 60% agreement between in-person and robot video assessment. ", "Participants were enthusiastic about the robot and did not think it violated their privacy. ", "The study found little agreement between the in-person and robot video hazard assessments. ", "However, it identified several research questions about how to best use remotely-operated robots." ]

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[ "Li Hongbo's paper sculptures stretch the imagination\n\nA combination picture shows Chinese artist Li Hongbo playing a paper sculpture of gun on outskirts of Beijing\n\nA combination picture shows Chinese artist Li Hongbo playing with a paper sculpture of gun, made of 300 pieces of paper, at his studio on the outskirts of Beijing, January 20, 2014. ", "REUTERS/Jason Lee\n\nBy Jimmy Jian and Maxim Duncan\n\nBEIJING (Reuters) - The line of white, classical busts in Li Hongbo's dusty Beijing studio could be used for drawing practice in any art classroom in the world. ", "That is until the Chinese artist places his hands on one and lifts gently.", "\n\nWhat had looked exactly like solid plaster is transformed into an amorphous worm. ", "A Roman soldier warps like taffy. ", "A pretty English maid rises abruptly like a ghost before slipping back into place as if nothing had happened.", "\n\nNeither plaster nor clay, the statues are concertinas of thousands upon thousands of fine pieces of paper.", "\n\n\"At the beginning, I discovered the flexible nature of paper through Chinese paper toys and paper lanterns,\" Li, 38, told Reuters on a freezing day in his suburban workshop.", "\n\n\"Later, I used this principle to make a gun,\" he said, casually inverting a crude paper pistol into an elegant fan.", "\n\n\"A gun is solid, used for killing, but I turned it into a tool for play or decoration. ", "In this way, it lost both the form of a gun and the culture inherent to a gun. ", "It became a game.\"", "\n\nLi, who is showcasing some of his recent work at a New York gallery until early March, pastes glue in narrow strips across pieces of paper, which he stacks to the desired height. ", "A head requires more than 5,000 layers. ", "He then cuts, chisels and sands the large block as if it were a piece of soft stone.", "\n\nBorn into a simple farming family, Li said he had always loved paper, invented in ancient China. ", "Beyond his sculptures, he has spent six years producing a collection of books recording more than 1,000 years of Buddhist art on paper.", "\n\nLi refuses to embrace the political symbolism and brash social satire that have propelled many contemporary Chinese artists to fame and riches.", "\n\n\"I have given myself a rule that my work will not include religious or political themes,\" he said. \"", "I have no interest in participating in these.\"", "\n\nLOOK, DON'T TOUCH\n\nIn recent months, Li has consciously produced only perfect replicas of busts and shapes he used to sketch at university.", "\n\nThe before-and-after adulteration may make some viewers squirm but Li says he uses the archetypal figures to make audiences concentrate on the material itself, not to shock.", "\n\n\"Strange and unsettling are just adjectives used by some individuals,\" he said. \"", "People have a fixed understanding of what a human is ... So when you transform a person, people will reconsider the nature of objects and the motivation behind the creation. ", "This is what I care about.\"", "\n\nLi's exhibition, Tools of Study, at the Klein Sun Gallery in New York, has won him plenty of attention since it opened this month. ", "As white-gloved staff twist and pull busts of Russian writer Maxim Gorky, the Greek goddess Athena and Michelangelo's David out of human form, some viewers also yearn to get their hands on the pieces.", "\n\n\"It becomes a dynamic thing versus a very static thing. ", "But as an observer, I can only enjoy that movement of the object if someone opens it for me,\" said gallery visitor Lydia Chrisman. \"", "You kind of want to play with it. ", "But you can't.\"", "\n\nLi is aware of this irony and, at a show in Sydney, he provided small models for the audience to fiddle with.", "\n\n\"I really want to let them move the pieces. ", "But the gallery won't let people touch them,\" he said.", "\n\n\"If the public were really careful, I would hope they could participate, because only by feeling with their hands could they experience the real pleasure of the material and the form.\"", "\n\n(Additional reporting by Reuters Television in New York; Editing by John O'Callaghan and Clarence Fernandez)" ]

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[ "Story highlights A year-long investigation identified America's 50 worst charities\n\nAt the top of the list is Kids Wish Network, which gave nearly $110m to corporate solicitors\n\nThis charity, like many others on the list, mimic well-known charity names that fool donors\n\nThe data show the worst charities devote less than 4% of donations to direct cash aid\n\nThe worst charity in America operates from a metal warehouse behind a gas station in Holiday, Florida.", "\n\nEvery year, Kids Wish Network raises millions of dollars in donations in the name of dying children and their families.", "\n\nEvery year, it spends less than 3 cents on the dollar helping kids.", "\n\nMost of the rest gets diverted to enrich the charity's operators and the for-profit companies Kids Wish hires to drum up donations.", "\n\nIn the past decade alone, Kids Wish has channeled nearly $110 million donated for sick children to its corporate solicitors. ", "An additional $4.8 million has gone to pay the charity's founder and his own consulting firms.", "\n\nNo charity in the nation has siphoned more money away from the needy over a longer period of time.", "\n\nBut Kids Wish is not an isolated case, a yearlong investigation by the Tampa Bay Times and The Center for Investigative Reporting has found.", "\n\nUsing state and federal records, the Times and CIR identified nearly 6,000 charities that have chosen to pay for-profit companies to raise their donations.", "\n\nThen reporters took an unprecedented look back to zero in on the 50 worst - based on the money they diverted to boiler room operators and other solicitors over a decade.", "\n\nThese nonprofits adopt popular causes or mimic well-known charity names that fool donors. ", "Then they rake in cash, year after year.", "\n\nThe nation's 50 worst charities have paid their solicitors nearly $1 billion over the past 10 years that could have gone to charitable works.", "\n\nJUST WATCHED Scam artists target tornado victims Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Scam artists target tornado victims 02:08\n\nJUST WATCHED Beware of these cancer charity rip-offs Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Beware of these cancer charity rip-offs 10:19\n\nJUST WATCHED Beware fake Boston bombing charities Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Beware fake Boston bombing charities 01:32\n\nJUST WATCHED Official: Scam allegations are shocking Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Official: Scam allegations are shocking 03:23\n\nJUST WATCHED Can charities be trusted to do good? ", "Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Can charities be trusted to do good? ", "02:55\n\nUntil today, no one had tallied the cost of this parasitic segment of the nonprofit industry or traced the long history of its worst offenders.", "\n\nAmong the findings:\n\n-- The 50 worst charities in America devote less than 4% of donations raised to direct cash aid. ", "Some charities gave even less. ", "Over a decade, one diabetes charity raised nearly $14 million and gave about $10,000 to patients. ", "Six spent no cash at all on their cause.", "\n\n-- Even as they plead for financial support, operators at many of the 50 worst charities have lied to donors about where their money goes, taken multiple salaries, secretly paid themselves consulting fees or arranged fund-raising contracts with friends. ", "One cancer charity paid a company owned by the president's son nearly $18 million over eight years to solicit funds. ", "A medical charity paid its biggest research grant to its president's own for-profit company.", "\n\n-- Some nonprofits are little more than fronts for fund-raising companies, which bankroll their startup costs, lock them into exclusive contracts at exorbitant rates and even drive the charities into debt. ", "Florida-based Project Cure has raised more than $65 million since 1998, but every year has wound up owing its fundraiser more than what was raised. ", "According to its latest financial filing, the nonprofit is $3 million in debt.", "\n\n-- To disguise the meager amount of money that reaches those in need, charities use accounting tricks and inflate the value of donated dollar-store cast-offs - snack cakes and air fresheners - that they give to dying cancer patients and homeless veterans.", "\n\nOver the past six months, the Times and CIR called or mailed certified letters to the leaders of Kids Wish Network and the 49 other charities that have paid the most to solicitors.", "\n\nMost declined to answer questions about their programs or would speak only through an attorney.", "\n\nApproached in person, one charity manager threatened to call the police; another refused to open the door. ", "A third charity's president took off in his truck at the sight of a reporter with a camera.", "\n\nKids Wish has hired Melissa Schwartz, a crisis management specialist in New York City who previously worked for the federal government after the 2010 BP oil spill.", "\n\nSchwartz said Kids Wish hires solicitors so its staff can focus on working with children, not on raising donations. ", "According to its 2011 IRS filing, the charity has 51 employees. ", "Schwartz also said donors who give directly to the charity instead of in response to solicitations ensure that 100% of their pledge will be spent granting wishes.", "\n\nShe declined to answer additional questions about Kids Wish's fund-raising operations, saying the charity \"is focused on the future.\"", "\n\nCharity operators who would talk defended their work, saying raising money is expensive especially in tough economic times.", "\n\n\"No parent has ever turned me down for assistance because we got our money from a telemarketer,\" said David Thelen, who runs the Committee for Missing Children in Lawrenceville, Georgia. ", "The charity is No. ", "13 on the Times/CIR list.", "\n\nIdentifying the 50 worst\n\nTo identify America's 50 worst charities, the Times and CIR pieced together tens of thousands of pages of public records collected by the federal government and 36 states. ", "Reporters started in California, Florida and New York, where regulators require charities to report results of individual fund-raising campaigns.", "\n\nThe Times and CIR used those records to flag a specific kind of charity: those that pay for-profit corporations to raise the vast majority of their donations year in and year out.", "\n\nJUST WATCHED Fundraising company under investigation Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Fundraising company under investigation 11:00\n\nJUST WATCHED Berger: Do research before donating Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Berger: Do research before donating 02:52\n\nJUST WATCHED Should charity marketers be avoided? ", "Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Should charity marketers be avoided? ", "06:23\n\nThe effort identified hundreds of charities that run donation drives across the country and regularly give their solicitors at least two-thirds of the take. ", "Experts say good charities should spend about half that much - no more than 35 cents to raise a dollar.", "\n\nFor the worst charities, writing big checks to telemarketers isn't an anomaly. ", "It's a way of life.", "\n\nThe Times and CIR charted each charity's performance over the past decade and ranked them based on the total donations diverted to fundraisers, arriving at the 50 worst charities. ", "By this measure, Kids Wish tops the list.", "\n\nTracking donations diverted to fund-raising is just one way to rate a charity's performance. ", "But experts called the rating fair and said it would provide a unique resource to help donors avoid bad charities.", "\n\n\"When you weigh that in terms of values, of what the charity is supposed to be doing and what the donor is being told in the process, the house comes tumbling down,\" said White, who teaches in Columbia University's fund-raising management master's degree program.", "\n\nCollectively the 50 worst charities raised more than $1.3 billion over the past decade and paid nearly $1 billion of that directly to the companies that raise their donations.", "\n\nIf that money had gone to charity, it would have been enough to build 20,000 Habitat for Humanity homes, buy 7 million wheelchairs or pay for mammograms for nearly 10 million uninsured women.", "\n\nInstead it funded charities like Youth Development Fund\n\nThe Tennessee charity, which came in at No. ", "12, has been around for 30 years. ", "Over the past decade it has raised nearly $30 million from donors by promising to educate children about drug abuse, health and fitness.", "\n\nAbout 80% of what's donated each year goes directly to solicitation companies.", "\n\nMost of what's left pays for one thing: scuba-diving videos starring the charity's founder and president, Rick Bowen.", "\n\nBowen's charity pays his own for-profit production company about $200,000 a year to make the videos. ", "Then the charity pays to air Rick Bowen Deep-Sea Diving on a local Knoxville station. ", "The program makes no mention of Youth Development Fund.", "\n\nIn its IRS tax filings, the charity reports that its programming reaches \"an estimated audience of 1.3 million.\"", "\n\nBut, according to the station manager, the show attracts about 3,600 viewers a week.", "\n\nBowen, who runs the charity out of his Knoxville condo, declined to be interviewed. ", "He defended the practice of hiring his own company with the public's donations.", "\n\n\"We just happened to be the low bidder,\" he said.", "\n\nGood vs. bad charities\n\nAmerica's worst charities look nothing like Habitat for Humanity, Boys and Girls Clubs or thousands of other charities, large and small, that are dedicated to helping the sick and needy.", "\n\nWell-run charities rely on their own staff to raise money from a variety of sources. ", "They spend most of their donations on easy-to-verify activities, whether it's running soup kitchens, supporting cancer research, raising awareness about drunken driving or building homes for veterans.", "\n\nThe Times/CIR list of worst charities, meanwhile, is littered with organizations that exhibit red flags for fraud, waste and mismanagement.", "\n\nThirty-nine have been disciplined by state regulators, some as many as seven times.", "\n\nEight of the charities have been banned in at least one state.", "\n\nOne was shut down by regulators but reopened under a new name.", "\n\nA third of the charities' founders and executives have put relatives on the payroll or the board of directors.", "\n\nFor eight years, American Breast Cancer Foundation paid Joseph Wolf's telemarketing company to generate donations.", "\n\nHis mother, Phyllis Wolf, had founded the Baltimore-based charity and was its president until she was forced to resign in 2010.", "\n\nWhile she ran the charity, her son's company, Non Profit Promotions, collected $18 million in telemarketing fees.", "\n\nPhyllis Wolf left the charity after the payments to her son attracted media attention in 2010. ", "The charity has since stopped using telemarketers, including Joseph Wolf's.", "\n\nPhyllis and Joseph Wolf did not respond to several calls seeking comment.", "\n\nThe nation's worst charities are large and small. ", "Some are one-person outfits operating from run-down apartments. ", "Others claim hundreds of employees and a half-dozen locations around the country. ", "One lists a UPS mail box as its headquarters address.", "\n\nSeveral play off the names of well-known organizations, confusing donors.", "\n\nAmong those on the Times/CIR list are Kids Wish Network, Children's Wish Foundation International and Wishing Well Foundation. ", "All of the names sound like the original, Make-A-Wish , which does not hire professional telemarketers.", "\n\nMake-A-Wish officials say they've spent years fielding complaints from people who were solicited by sound-a-like charities.", "\n\n\"While some of the donations go elsewhere, all the bad public relations that comes with telemarketing seems to come to us,\" said Make-A-Wish spokesman Paul Allvin.", "\n\nDonors who answer calls from the 50 worst charities hear professionally honed messages, designed to leverage popular causes and hide one crucial fact: Almost nothing goes to charity.", "\n\nWhen telemarketers for Kids Wish call potential donors, they open with a name you think you've heard before.", "\n\nThen they ask potential donors to \"imagine the heartbreak of losing a child to a terminal illness,\" according to scripts filed with North Carolina regulators in 2010.", "\n\nKids Wish, the callers say, wants to fulfill their wishes \"while they are still healthy enough to enjoy them.\"", "\n\nThey leave out the fact that most of the charity's good deeds involve handing out gift cards to hospitalized children and donated coloring books and board games to healthy kids around the country. ", "And they don't mention the millions of dollars spent on salaries and fund-raising every year.", "\n\nThe biggest difference between good charities and the nation's worst is the bottom line.", "\n\nEvery charity has salary, overhead and fund-raising costs.", "\n\nBut several watchdog organizations say charities should spend no more than 35% of the money they raise on fund-raising expenses.", "\n\nThe Make-A-Wish Foundation of Central and North Florida is one of dozens of Make-A-Wish chapters across the country.", "\n\nLast year, it reported raising $3.1 million cash and spent about 60% of that -- $1.8 million -- granting wishes.", "\n\nThe same year, Kids Wish raised $18.6 million, its tax filing shows. ", "It spent just $240,000 granting wishes -- 1% of the cash raised." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAdd Scroll bar with in AngularJs\n\nI am using in AngularJs and was wondering how do I add vertical scroll bar using AngularJS.", "\n <accordion close-others=\"oneAtATime\" class=\"side-setting\">\n <accordion-group is-open=\"status.open1\" ng-init=\"status.open1=true\" ng-repeat=\"facet in facetslist\">\n <accordion-heading>\n {{ facet.", "Title }} <i class=\"pull-right glyphicon\" ng-class=\"{'fa fa-chevron-down': status.open1, 'fa fa-chevron-up': !", "status.open1}\"></i>\n </accordion-heading>\n <ul>\n <li ng-repeat=\"itm in facet.", "List\">\n <label class=\"control control--checkbox\">\n <input type=\"checkbox\" checked=\"\" />{{ itm.", "Key }}<div class=\"control__indicator\"></div>\n </label>\n </li>\n </ul>\n</accordion-group>\n </accordion>\n\nA:\n\nHad to add:\noverflow-y:scroll;\n\n" ]

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[ "Follow/Fav Rincewind's Last Chance By: By: Justine Kilimanjaro Rofling Rincewind finds himself chased to Hogwarts where he goes on his most incredible adventure yet. ", "Chased by Hans Landa, nightmarish visions of Snape's body, he has to figure out the meaning of Luna's Dreams and enlist the help of Gandalf the Greybeard before it is too late and the Monolith destroys them all. ", "Book 1 of 3 11/7/2017 - Status: Complete - id: 12717380 Rated: Fiction T - English - Parody/Humor - Chapters: 60 - Words: 100,113 - Reviews: 4 - Favs: 4 - Follows: 4 - Published:- Status: Complete - id: 12717380\n\n+ - Full 3/4 1/2 Expand Tighten\n\n1. ", "Disclaimer 2. ", "An Unexpected Suprise 3. ", "A Nightmare To Remember 4. ", "Rincewind's First Friends 5. ", "Reconsillyation 6. ", "A Howling In The Night 7. ", "What Was That? ", "8. ", "Lunch 9. ", "The Blob Knows Too Much! ", "10. ", "Time Passes 11. ", "The Littlest Suprise 12. ", "Disrobing The Frame pt 1 13. ", "Disrobing The Frame pt 2 14. ", "Luna Lovegood, The Hogwarts Redemption 15. ", "The Letter Comes True 16. ", "Fear Of The Dark 17. ", "Sherlock Longbottom And Friends 18. ", "The One After Dumbledoor 19. ", "Can I Esk You A Question? ", "20. ", "Make Hogwarts Great Again 21. ", "Corruption, Lies And The Unknown 22. ", "Four Days Until The Election 23. ", "32 24. ", "1 25. ", "The Election 26. ", "Outside The Wall 27. ", "New Surroundings 28. ", "A Brill Morning 29. ", "The Grizzled Goose 30. ", "Scenes From A Memory 31. ", "Time To Leave 32. ", "Esk's Plan 33. ", "The Plan Thickens Deep 34. ", "Luna's Birthday Day 35. ", "Meat, Presents, And Horses 36. ", "Cornered! ", "37. ", "That Night 38. ", "The Morning After Plan 39. ", "A Quick Pitstop 40. ", "Belethor's General Goods Shop 41. ", "The Chase Is A Foot! ", "42. ", "Breathing Down Your Neck 43. ", "Wake Me Up Inside 44. ", "Ye'll Tak' The High Road 45. ", "And I'll Tak' The Low Road 46. ", "Onwards And Upwards 47. ", "The Stirrer Just Got Stirred 48. ", "Welcoming Our New Guests 49. ", "Welcome To The Machine 50. ", "With The Moon Above And The Sun Below 51. ", "The Storm Before The Calm 52. ", "Stop 53. ", "The Trial 54. ", "Stumble Then Rise On Some Awkard Morning 55. ", "The Rise And Fall Of The Case 56. ", "Unclothing The Truth 57. ", "There Is No Room 58. ", "As He Flew From The Trysting Free 59. ", "A Tide Before The Setting Sun 60. ", "The Sun Has Set Next >\n\nRincewind's Last Chance - Justine Kilamanjaro Rofling I do not own any of the copyrights to the content featured in my writing. ", "I'm just a poor girl from a poor family.", "\n\n1. ", "Disclaimer 2. ", "An Unexpected Suprise 3. ", "A Nightmare To Remember 4. ", "Rincewind's First Friends 5. ", "Reconsillyation 6. ", "A Howling In The Night 7. ", "What Was That? ", "8. ", "Lunch 9. ", "The Blob Knows Too Much! ", "10. ", "Time Passes 11. ", "The Littlest Suprise 12. ", "Disrobing The Frame pt 1 13. ", "Disrobing The Frame pt 2 14. ", "Luna Lovegood, The Hogwarts Redemption 15. ", "The Letter Comes True 16. ", "Fear Of The Dark 17. ", "Sherlock Longbottom And Friends 18. ", "The One After Dumbledoor 19. ", "Can I Esk You A Question? ", "20. ", "Make Hogwarts Great Again 21. ", "Corruption, Lies And The Unknown 22. ", "Four Days Until The Election 23. ", "32 24. ", "1 25. ", "The Election 26. ", "Outside The Wall 27. ", "New Surroundings 28. ", "A Brill Morning 29. ", "The Grizzled Goose 30. ", "Scenes From A Memory 31. ", "Time To Leave 32. ", "Esk's Plan 33. ", "The Plan Thickens Deep 34. ", "Luna's Birthday Day 35. ", "Meat, Presents, And Horses 36. ", "Cornered! ", "37. ", "That Night 38. ", "The Morning After Plan 39. ", "A Quick Pitstop 40. ", "Belethor's General Goods Shop 41. ", "The Chase Is A Foot! ", "42. ", "Breathing Down Your Neck 43. ", "Wake Me Up Inside 44. ", "Ye'll Tak' The High Road 45. ", "And I'll Tak' The Low Road 46. ", "Onwards And Upwards 47. ", "The Stirrer Just Got Stirred 48. ", "Welcoming Our New Guests 49. ", "Welcome To The Machine 50. ", "With The Moon Above And The Sun Below 51. ", "The Storm Before The Calm 52. ", "Stop 53. ", "The Trial 54. ", "Stumble Then Rise On Some Awkard Morning 55. ", "The Rise And Fall Of The Case 56. ", "Unclothing The Truth 57. ", "There Is No Room 58. ", "As He Flew From The Trysting Free 59. ", "A Tide Before The Setting Sun 60. ", "The Sun Has Set Next >\n\nThe author would like to thank you for your continued support. ", "Your review has been posted." ]

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[ "Irina cheered Helgessons sister on. ", "She liked Joshi more because she has more energy. ", "She was very happy that Victoria qualified too.", "\nAlso she said that she always wanted to have a sister or a brother and that’s why she has two children now\n\nIrina cheered Helgessons sister on. ", "She liked Joshi more because she has more energy. ", "She was very happy that Victoria qualified too.", "\nAlso she said that she always wanted to have a sister or a brother and that’s why she has two children now" ]

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[ "05 March 2012\n\nA little matter I forgot to mention\n\nIf you’ve been reading the Main Street Gazette for any amount of time, you know I have a pretty positive outlook on things all around Walt Disney World. ", "Sure, there is the occasional menu item I’m not a huge fan of, but generally I try to bring reason to the discussion about why Disney has done something or offer my ideas as to how make Walt Disney World even better. ", "It is rare that I have something negative to say, and I hope today doesn’t come across as negative as much as concerned and being true to my own opinions.", "\n\nIf there is only one corner of the Magic Kingdom that has received the majority of attention over the past couple of years, and by attention I mean refurbishing and plussing, it would have to be the Haunted Mansion. ", "From the revitalization of the attic scene with the infusion of the bride, Constance, and her tale, to the remodeling of the graveyard, new portrait hallway and stairways there has been a lot of change to this stately, deserted manor. ", "One of the most recent changes came in the scene with the hitchhiking ghosts. ", "The once static figures that found their way into your doombuggy were upgraded with the ability to interact with guests.", "The ghosts can now swap guests’ heads with one another, use a lantern to make the heads disappear, and a handful of other gags. ", "Each time I have ventured on to the attraction since the latest addition, I have heard the giggles and hearty laughs at the antics of the Ezra, Phineas, and Gus. ", "I’ll admit, I’ve laughed at them too, and I consider the imaging effects of my head much better than the butchering I take on Spaceship Earth, but ever since that first visit something has been itching in the back of my brain, and I finally think I’ve figured out what it is. ", "The interactive element of the Haunted Mansion’s hitchhiking ghosts has inverted the party that gets to interact.", "\n\nLet me explain. ", "In the original format of the hitchhiking ghosts guests found a ghoulish figure has plopped itself into their doombuggy. ", "For the remainder of that scene guests would scoot around on their seat in order to give the ghost some room, attempt to take the place of the ghost, or try to hug the ghost that has appeared. ", "In the current version, guests remain static while the activity of playing with the ghost falls solely onto the shoulders of whichever spirit happens upon their ride vehicle. ", "Sure, Ezra, Phineas, and Gus are more animated in their movements than they had been in the past, but I really feel the heart of this experience was always in how you, as guests, interacted with the ghosts, not the other way around.", "\n\nI am all for integrating new technology into attractions and constructing new attractions based on the latest and greatest tools of interactivity. ", "However, sometimes the simplest way to tell a story is, indeed, the best. ", "I don’t foresee the Magic Kingdom reverted back to the original form of the hitchhiking ghosts based off of my, or any other person’s, opinion. ", "In fact, I believe we have seen the end of the old finale once and for all. ", "What I can hope is that my small voice is read somewhere, lingers in the back of someone’s mind, and the next time a simple story mechanic is considered for revision, the individual weighs the story as it is and what it could be before jumping in with both feet. ", "Really, isn’t that all anyone can ask?", "\n\n4 comments:\n\nGreat post. ", "I absolutely miss the old, simpler Hitchhiking Ghosts. ", "I appreciate and respect Disney's desire to update attractions and keep them fresh, but this one just missed the mark for me. ", "It changed the tone of the ride a little too much for my taste. ", "I think your observations are spot on in this instance.", "\n\nExcellent point. ", "I'd been hoping the new effect would find its way to Disneyland's mansion, but after reading this post, I'd actually like to see DL keep the original version; I would miss the scooting around on the doombuggy seat and throwing an arm across the ghost's shoulders!", "\n\nI agree. ", "I just experienced the new ending for the first time and found it lacked a little something. ", "I think you nailed down what that something was. ", "On a different note, little known Disney fact: The Walt Disney Company never officially named te hitchhikers. ", "Cast members started to use the names and they stuck.", "\n\nEvilQwn16 - The Mansion thrives in that space between darkness and comedy (and dark comedy), but I think this just leans a little to far away from the spirit of the Mansion.", "\n\nRich - You definitely want the stairs, it is probably my favorite of the new scenes added since 2007!", "\n\nKollin - Don't you hate it when you know something is out of place and can't figure out what it is?!?! ", "I did know about the names, but thanks for throwing it out there for all of the readers who may not have known!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nNetwork issues after setup a read only file system\n\nI'm new to Linux (Raspbian Buster / Raspberry Pi 4 model B) and I have some network issues after setup a read only file system. ", "I followed this guide to realize the ro fs.", "\nMy raspberry is connected to my router via ethernet and always got an IPv4 and IPv6 address in the past.", "\nAfter setup the ro fs and the following reboot the router couldn't find the raspberry anymore. ", "Both ethernet LED's at the raspberry were continuously ON. ", "I restarted the router but nothing changed.", "\nAfter that I repowered the raspberry and now I just got an IPv4 address.", "\nAre there some .log files which can't be stored in a ro fs and so the IP support can't be established?", "\n\nA:\n\nI can say YES there are some files which have to be linked to a temporary RAM location.", "\nAdding this line at the end of /etc/fstab did the trick.", "\ntmpfs /var/lib/dhcp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0\n\n" ]

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[ "More Information\n\nFAQ's\n\nFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS\n\nWhat are the Indiana car seat safety laws?", "\n\nPlease refer to the General Child Seat Use Chart provided by the Indiana Criminal Justice Institute that is located in our Forms and Flyer sub-page, or feel to call us at 812-482-2255 to speak with an officer.", "\n\nWhen does the City of Jasper conduct its monthly severe weather warning test?", "\n\nThe City of Jasper conducts its monthly severe weather warning test on the first of every month at 04:00 PM.", "\n\nCan I buy F.O.P. trash bags year round?", "\n\nYes, we sell Fraternal Order of Police trash bags here at the station year round, the 33 gallon boxes are $33.00, and the 40 gallon boxes are $36.00." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Q:\n\nIs there a way to downgrade edition of already installed Visual Studio 2010 (trial)?", "\n\nI need to change it from Ultimate to Professional? ", "Is it possible without complete reinstall or at least without downloading another install image (we have too slow Internet connection)?", "\n\nA:\n\nI'm afraid not. ", "If you go to Visual Studio's Website you might be able to download all of the files at your local library. ", "If you don't have a laptop you can download to a 4 gigabyte flash drive - libraries usually have Wifi, wired internet, and computers that you can use for free.", "\nNote: Be aware of time limits when using the library resources. ", "You wouldn't want to get cut off when the download is 95%. ", "Also, some libraries have reservations for computers and fees - check online ahead of time.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "' Copyright (c) Microsoft. ", " All Rights Reserved. ", " Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. ", " See License.txt in the project root for license information.", "\n\nImports Microsoft.", "CodeAnalysis\nImports Roslyn.", "Test.", "Utilities\n\nNamespace Microsoft.", "VisualStudio.", "LanguageServices.", "UnitTests.", "CodeModel.", "VisualBasic\n Public Class CodeParameterTests\n Inherits AbstractCodeParameterTests\n\n#Region \"GetStartPoint() tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetStartPoint_NoModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S1($$p1 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetStartPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=31)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetStartPoint_ByValModifier()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S2(ByVal $$p2 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetStartPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=24, absoluteOffset:=41, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetStartPoint_ByRefModifier()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S3(ByRef $$p3 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetStartPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=24, absoluteOffset:=41, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=37)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetStartPoint_OptionalByValModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S4(Optional ByVal $$p4 As Integer = 0)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetStartPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=33, absoluteOffset:=50, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetStartPoint_ByValParamArrayModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S5(ByVal ParamArray $$p5() As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetStartPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=35, absoluteOffset:=52, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=50)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetStartPoint_TypeCharacter()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S6($$p6%)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetStartPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=18, absoluteOffset:=35, lineLength:=21)))\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"GetEndPoint() tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetEndPoint_NoModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S1($$p1 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetEndPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=31, absoluteOffset:=48, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=31, absoluteOffset:=48, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=31, absoluteOffset:=48, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=31, absoluteOffset:=48, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=20, absoluteOffset:=37, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=31, absoluteOffset:=48, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=31, absoluteOffset:=48, lineLength:=31)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=31, absoluteOffset:=48, lineLength:=31)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetEndPoint_ByValModifier()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S2(ByVal $$p2 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetEndPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=26, absoluteOffset:=43, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetEndPoint_ByRefModifier()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S3(ByRef $$p3 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetEndPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=26, absoluteOffset:=43, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=37, absoluteOffset:=54, lineLength:=37)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetEndPoint_OptionalByValModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S4(Optional ByVal $$p4 As Integer = 0)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetEndPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=35, absoluteOffset:=52, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetEndPoint_ByValParamArrayModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S5(ByVal ParamArray $$p5() As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetEndPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=39, absoluteOffset:=56, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=50, absoluteOffset:=67, lineLength:=50)))\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub GetEndPoint_TypeCharacter()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S6($$p6%)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestGetEndPoint(code,\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributes,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartAttributesWithDelimiter,\n NullTextPoint),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBody,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=21, absoluteOffset:=38, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartBodyWithDelimiter,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=21, absoluteOffset:=38, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeader,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=21, absoluteOffset:=38, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartHeaderWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=21, absoluteOffset:=38, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartName,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=21, absoluteOffset:=38, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartNavigate,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=21, absoluteOffset:=38, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWhole,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=21, absoluteOffset:=38, lineLength:=21)),\n Part(EnvDTE.vsCMPart.vsCMPartWholeWithAttributes,\n TextPoint(line:=3, lineOffset:=21, absoluteOffset:=38, lineLength:=21)))\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"AddAttribute tests\"\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub AddAttribute1()\n Dim code =\n<Code><![CDATA[\nClass C\n Sub Foo($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n]]></Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code><![CDATA[\nClass C\n Sub Foo(<Out()> s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n]]></Code>\n TestAddAttribute(code, expected, New AttributeData With {.Name = \"Out\"})\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub AddAttribute2()\n Dim code =\n<Code><![CDATA[\nClass C\n Sub Foo(<Out()> $$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n]]></Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code><![CDATA[\nClass C\n Sub Foo(<Foo()> <Out()> s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n]]></Code>\n TestAddAttribute(code, expected, New AttributeData With {.Name = \"Foo\"})\n End Sub\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"FullName tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub FullName_NoModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub Foo($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestFullName(code, \"s\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub FullName_Array()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub Foo($$s() As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestFullName(code, \"s()\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub FullName_TypeCharacter()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub Foo($$s% As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestFullName(code, \"s%\")\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"Name tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Name_NoModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S1($$p1 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestName(code, \"p1\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Name_ByValModifier()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S2(ByVal $$p2 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestName(code, \"p2\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Name_ByRefModifier()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S3(ByRef $$p3 As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestName(code, \"p3\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Name_OptionalByValModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S4(Optional ByVal $$p4 As Integer = 0)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestName(code, \"p4\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Name_ByValParamArrayModifiers()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S5(ByVal ParamArray $$p5() As Integer)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestName(code, \"p5\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Name_TypeCharacter()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nPublic Class C1\n\n Public Sub S6($$p6%)\n End Sub\n\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestName(code, \"p6\")\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"Kind tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Kind()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub Foo($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestKind(code, EnvDTE.vsCMElement.vsCMElementParameter)\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"ParameterKind tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub ParameterKind_In()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestParameterKind(code, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindIn)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub ParameterKind_Ref()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(ByRef $$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestParameterKind(code, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindRef)\n End Sub\n\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub ParameterKind_ParamArray()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(ParamArray $$s() As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestParameterKind(code, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindParamArray Or EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindIn)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub ParameterKind_Optional()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional $$s As String = \"Foo\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestParameterKind(code, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindOptional Or EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindIn)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub ParameterKind_OptionalAndRef()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional ByRef $$s As String = \"Foo\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestParameterKind(code, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindOptional Or EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindRef)\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"Parent tests\"\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Parent()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestParent(code, IsElement(\"M\", kind:=EnvDTE.vsCMElement.vsCMElementFunction))\n End Sub\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"Type tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Type1()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(Optional i$$ As Integer = 0) { }\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestTypeProp(code,\n New CodeTypeRefData With {\n .AsString = \"Integer\",\n .AsFullName = \"System.", "Int32\",\n .CodeTypeFullName = \"System.", "Int32\",\n .TypeKind = EnvDTE.vsCMTypeRef.vsCMTypeRefInt\n })\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub Type2()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(Optional $$s$ = 0) { }\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestTypeProp(code,\n New CodeTypeRefData With {\n .AsString = \"String\",\n .AsFullName = \"System.", "String\",\n .CodeTypeFullName = \"System.", "String\",\n .TypeKind = EnvDTE.vsCMTypeRef.vsCMTypeRefString\n })\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"DefaultValue tests\"\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub DefaultValue()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional $$s As String = \"Foo\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestDefaultValue(code, \"\"\"Foo\"\"\")\n End Sub\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"Set ParameterKind tests\"\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetParameterKind_In()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetParameterKind(code, expected, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindIn)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetParameterKind_None()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetParameterKind(code, expected, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindNone)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetParameterKind_Out()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetParameterKind(code, expected, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindOut, ThrowsArgumentException(Of EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind)())\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetParameterKind_Ref()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(ByRef s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetParameterKind(code, expected, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindRef)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetParameterKind_Params()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(ParamArray s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetParameterKind(code, expected, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindParamArray)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetParameterKind_Optional()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetParameterKind(code, expected, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindOptional)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetParameterKind_Same()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(ByRef $$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(ByRef s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetParameterKind(code, expected, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindRef)\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetParameterKind_OptionalByref()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional ByRef s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetParameterKind(code, expected, EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindRef Or EnvDTE80.vsCMParameterKind.vsCMParameterKindOptional)\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"Set DefaultValue tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetDefaultValue()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional $$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional s As String = \"Foo\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetDefaultValue(code, expected, \"\"\"Foo\"\"\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetDefaultValue_ReplaceExisting()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional $$s As String = \"Bar\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional s As String = \"Foo\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetDefaultValue(code, expected, \"\"\"Foo\"\"\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetDefaultValue_None()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(Optional $$s As String = \"Bar\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetDefaultValue(code, expected, \"\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetDefaultValue_OptionalMissing()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M($$s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Sub M(s As String)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n TestSetDefaultValue(code, expected, \"\"\"Foo\"\"\", ThrowsArgumentException(Of String)())\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n#Region \"Set Type tests\"\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetType1()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(Optional i$$ As Integer = 0)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(Optional i As System.", "Nullable(Of Byte)(,) = 0)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestSetTypeProp(code, expected, \"Byte?(,)\")", "\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetType2()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(Optional $$s$ = \"Foo\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(Optional s$ As Integer = \"Foo\")\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestSetTypeProp(code, expected, \"System.", "Int32\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetType3()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(i$$ As Integer,\n j As Integer)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(i As String,\n j As Integer)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestSetTypeProp(code, expected, \"String\")\n End Sub\n\n <ConditionalFact(GetType(x86)), Trait(Traits.", "Feature, Traits.", "Features.", "CodeModel)>\n Public Sub SetType4()\n Dim code =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(i$$ As Integer,\n j As Integer)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n Dim expected =\n<Code>\nClass C\n Public Sub Foo(i As Integer,\n j As Integer)\n End Sub\nEnd Class\n</Code>\n\n TestSetTypeProp(code, expected, CType(Nothing, EnvDTE.CodeTypeRef))\n End Sub\n\n#End Region\n\n Protected Overrides ReadOnly Property LanguageName As String\n Get\n Return LanguageNames.", "VisualBasic\n End Get\n End Property\n\n End Class\nEnd Namespace\n\n" ]

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[ "Tom Vilsack throws a seder\n\nU.S. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack receives an \" Omer Counter \" piece of artwork, created by Doni Silver Simons, from Jewish Funds for Justice President Simon Greer, left, at the post-Passover Food and Justice Seder at the Department of Agriculture on Wednesday night.", "\n(MIKE THEILER)\n\nThe USDA held a seder Wednesday night, but it was neither a day late nor any part of a dollar short on meaning. ", "Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and two Jewish outreach organizations used a novel, piggyback-on-Passover approach to spotlight issues related to hunger and justice in America.", "\n\nElissa Barrett, executive director of the Progressive Jewish Alliance (a seder co-sponsor), holds up a poster of a “Food Deserts” seder plate designed for the event.", "\n(CORY FISCHER/PROGRESSIVE JEWISH ALLIANCE)\nScheduling the event on the heels of the eight-day Jewish holiday with the bounty of symbolic foods didn’t seem like much of a stretch. ", "The evening at the department’s Whitten Building had hardly begun when Vilsack agreed to make it an annual tradition. ", "Before a group of 55 guests, he was presented with artwork that represents the Counting of the Omer -- the 49 days between the second day of Passover and Shavuot -- a holiday that honors the giving of the Torah to the Jews freed from slavery in Egypt. ", "It signifies their journey to reconcile freedom and collective obligation. ", "The secretary was obviously moved, and grateful.", "\n\nAnd with that, the seder got underway. ", "A succinct haggadah composed for the event summarized the Passover story and provided four major talking points for the tables to consider as they blessed the service’s four cups of wine: hunger and access to healthful food; examples of modern-day slavery (in the form of the Immokalee tomato workers) and others who grow our food; sustainable eating; and committing to action in these matters on a personal basis.", "\n\nA Passover seder follows a specific ceremony, as it were; on this night, however, the blessing of the matzoh came before the first cup of wine. ", "Rabbi Dara Frimmer of Temple Isaiah in Los Angeles explained the liberties taken: “Changing the order of this seder is okay, since it’s the ninth day. ", "We have a story . . . ", "and it is profound, reflective of many people’s experiences.” ", "So the group broke the symbolic bread of poverty and affliction as they read and discussed sobering USDA statistics: One in six Americans does not have access to enough food. ", "Some 28 million Americans received benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in 2008; 44 million do so today.", "\n\nRabbi Jack Moline listens as Rabbi Dara Frimmer of Los Angeles relates the symbolism of matzoh to modern-day hunger and poverty in America.", "\n(MIKE THEILER)\nFrimmer was one of two officiating; Rabbi Jack Moline of Agudas Achim congregation in Alexandria split the duties. ", "With so much ground to cover, the pace of the two-hour seder was brisk. ", "Empire Kosher Poultry of central Pennsylvania sponsored the kosher meal, which consisted of fresh-tasting salads and dips, couscous, organic chicken and an apple dessert. ", "Chief executive officer Greg Rosenbaum was proud to participate: “We support local farmers and workers’ rights. ", "We are the world’s largest producer of kosher chickens and turkeys,” he told me as we waited on the buffet line. ", "Empire also donates 50,000 pounds of poultry to food banks and kitchens each year.", "\n\nAfter a little singing, short speeches and responsive reading, strong voices around the room answered the final call to action:\n\n“I will commit to buying products from companies with good ethics.”", "\n\n“I will support restaurants that treat their workers with respect.”", "\n\n“I will teach a course on food justice.”", "\n\nAnd so on.", "\n\nSeder participants during a discussion phase: Rabbi Mordechai Liebling of Philadelphia (left, with yarmulke); Paul Monteiro of the White House's Office of Public Engagement; Anthony Garrett of the Fair Food Network; and Elissa Barrett of the Progressive Jewish Alliance.", "\n(MIKE THEILER)\nThe effort came together in about a month’s time, minus some Passover days - a small miracle in the halls of bureacracy. “", "This was an opportunity to introduce two communities [the USDA and Jewish organizations with a growing interest in food matters] that don’t usually interact,” said Simon Greer, president of Jewish Funds for Justice.", "\n\nBetween his co-sponsoring group and that of the Progressive Jewish Alliance, conversations were started, bonds were formed and business cards were exchanged among various representatives of federal Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, members from Prayer for the City, Fair Food Network, Jews United for Justice, the Food Trust, Slow Food USA, Mazon: A Jewish Response to Hunger, the Jewish Council for Public Affairs, Uri L’Tzedek: Orthodox Social Justice, and others.", "\n\nAt the end of the seder, a door was opened for the spirit of the prophet Elijah, who made it through security without a hitch. ", "Next year, organizers agreed, it will be heartening to see how the evening’s promises are advanced.", "\n\nComments our editors find particularly useful or relevant are displayed in Top Comments, as are comments by users with these badges: . ", "Replies to those posts appear here, as well as posts by staff writers.", "\n\nTo pause and restart automatic updates, click \"Live\" or \"Paused\". ", "If paused, you'll be notified of the number of additional comments that have come in.", "\n\nComments our editors find particularly useful or relevant are displayed in Top Comments, as are comments by users with these badges: . ", "Replies to those posts appear here, as well as posts by staff writers." ]

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[ "Wasps and Leicester Deliver Fans a Real Game of Two Halves\n\nCOVENTRY, ENGLAND - JANUARY 08: Christian Wade of Wasps dives over to score a try during the Aviva Premiership match between Wasps and Leicester Tigers at The Ricoh Arena on January 8, 2017 in Coventry, England. (", "Photo by Clive Mason/Getty Images)\n\nThe final game of the weekend in the Aviva Premiership gave us a real game of two halves. ", "There were no instances of cards being shown in line with the new tackle directives. ", "In fact, there was not a high tackle to speak of throughout the contest. ", "What we did get was a game full of attacking flair followed by old fashioned guts and determination.", "\n\nWasps were out of the box immediately and they were irresistible to watch. ", "They made break after break before Christian Wade made the most of a Leicester defensive mix up to cross for the game’s first score after three minutes.", "\n\nLacklustre Defending\n\nThe incisive angles being run were also flattered by some pretty lacklustre defending. ", "This was evidenced for the first try when Owen Williams appeared to ‘pull out’ of a 50/50 ball that could have prevented the Tigers from going behind so early on.", "\n\nThe home side continued to keep their foot on the gas and two more tries from Tommy Taylor and Dan Robson gave them what looked like an unassailable lead. ", "Even at that stage of the match, with half an hour gone, it looked ominous for Leicester.", "\n\nMerely a Formality\n\nWasps went in 19-3 at half time having completely dominated the first forty minutes and with the vast majority of the twenty seven thousand spectators thinking the second half would be merely a formality.", "\n\nAaron Mauger’s first game in full charge of his troops was not going to plan. ", "However, there would be more than a hint of Richard Cockerill – Mauger’s predecessor – about the way the East-Midlanders responded after the break.", "\n\nThe former Tigers’ Director of Rugby has already taken up a consultancy role with French giants Toulon but you can bet he had more than one eye on what was happening to his previous charges over in Coventry.", "\n\nABC-Club\n\nAfter a sub-standard first period that saw senior players such as Ben Youngs missing several key tackles, It was Cockerill’s ‘ABC-Club’, no nonsense attitude that was needed.", "\n\nThey began the second half in completely different style to the first. ", "Suddenly, they were running with more intent and breaking the gain line consistently so that their injury-depleted back line could start to make some telling yardage.", "\n\nEllis Genge along with Ed Slater made huge contributions both in the set piece and the loose and Peter Betham shone amongst the backs.", "\n\nDisappointment for Haskell\n\nThere was huge disappointment for the returning James Haskell. ", "The Wasps fans were keenly awaiting the arrival of ‘The Hulk’ after a seven-month absence. ", "Yet he lasted only 30 seconds after coming on with 18 minutes left to play.", "\n\nWasps had been under the cosh for some time and needed some impact and to wrestle the momentum back. ", "Haskell’s attempt to exert himself on proceedings led to him being left unconscious after tackling Freddie Burns and his participation was over almost as soon as it had begun.", "\n\nThere was still time for Dan Cole to infringe at the ruck and receive a ten minute visit to the bin which allowed Wasps to hold on until the final whistle running out 22-16 winners. ", "Maguer would have dearly loved a win to help heal the wounds from this week but under the circumstances and after the first half display maybe the losing bonus point was a fair haul." ]

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[ "Firmer, Thicker, Younger Looking Skin :-) - Cologne, Germany\n\nHi,\nI had a vampire facelift around my eyes,...\n\n26 Dec 2012\n\nHi,\n\nI had a vampire facelift around my eyes, the nose and temple area once, and a second time in combination with a fat injection, so the fat injections swelling would be gone faster.", "\n\nThe first treatment with only the blood cells worked to give my skin a firmer, thicker, more youthful, less dry look, and made the complexion loo better and reduced brown spots where the cells were injected. ", "But it took about 4 month so one could really see it well.", "\n\nThe second treatment with the fat injection made me heal much faster than when I had only a fat injection before. ", "I also have the feeling it makes the fat cells stick better, then when I did not combine it with the vampire facelift blood plasma.", "\n\nSo whenever I have a new fat transfer4, it will only be in combination with the blood cell something to make me heal faster. ", "Because it is a big dfference if the swelling is down in 9 days with this treatment, or in 3 weeks with a fat transfer....\n\nSo I like the procedure :-)\n\nDr. Iniguez\n\nHe has been keeping me looking younger since around 13 years, is affordable, a very nice person, takes his time, treats my face with care during treatments, so he is the one I go to for that youthful look :-)\nThe few times he said he will not do a treatment and I went to another doc to get it were sometimes something I did regret later on. ", "So now I stick with him as he only does safe procedures. (", "Like not using bio alcamid. - ", "I had injected somewhere elseas he would not do it, and I regreted my adventures with bio alcamid later on. ", "But that is another story.)" ]

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[ "1. ", "Introduction {#s0005}\n===============\n\nAkabane virus (AKAV) is transmitted by arthropod vectors such as *Culicoides oxystoma* ([@bb0115]) and it is the etiological agent that causes Akabane disease. ", "AKAV causes abortions, stillbirths, and congenital disorders in cows, goats, and sheep ([@bb0115]). ", "AKAV has been detected in Japan, Korea, China, Israel, Australia, Turkey, Sudan, and Kenya ([@bb0110], [@bb0120], [@bb0100], [@bb0180], [@bb0050], [@bb0190], [@bb0075], [@bb0045]). ", "AKAV belongs to the Simbu serogroup of the genus *Orthobunyavirus* in the family Bunyaviridae. ", "In addition to AKAV, the Simbu serogroup includes Aino virus, Peaton virus, and Shamonda virus. ", "Recently, a novel *Orthobunyavirus* called Schmallenberg virus emerged in Europe, which is associated with reduced milk production and diarrhea in adult cattle, as well as congenital malformations in cows and sheep ([@bb0085], [@bb0200]). ", "The AKAV genome comprises three segments of negative sense single-stranded RNA: large (L), medium (M), and small (S). ", "The L segment encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the M segment encodes the precursor of glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) and a nonstructural protein (NSm), and the S segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein (N) and a nonstructural protein (NSs). ", "The nonstructural proteins are assumed to interact with the vector/host immune system, thereby contributing to viral pathogenesis ([@bb0070], [@bb0020]).", "\n\nMitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are intracellular signal transduction pathways that respond to various extracellular stimuli, which are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular process, including growth, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis ([@bb0185]). ", "The three major MAPK cascades are the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade, and the p38 MAPK cascade. ", "JNK is a regulator of the transcription factor c-Jun and a mediator of intra or extracellular stresses such as heat shock, osmotic shock, cytokines, and UV, which is also known as the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade ([@bb0170]). ", "The p38 MAPK cascade is another SAPK signaling pathway; however, there is considerable cross-talk as well as shared components with the JNK cascade ([@bb0160]). ", "The activated JNK translocates to the nucleus where it phosphorylates and transactivates c-Jun, and the phosphorylated c-Jun then leads to the formation of activator protein 1 (AP-1). ", "The formation of AP-1 is related to the transcription of a wide variety of proteins, including proapoptotic factors ([@bb0055]). ", "p38 MAPK is responsible for the phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), activating transcription factor 1, and cAMP response element-binding protein ([@bb0060], [@bb0040]).", "\n\nIn general, activation of the JNK cascade and p38 MAPK cascade induces apoptosis. ", "These two activated cascades mediate intracellular signaling and lead to caspase-3 activation, which is indispensable for apoptotic chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. ", "Caspase-3 is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme, which is activated via cleavage at specific Asp residues to yield the active enzyme that contains large (p20) and small (p10) subunits ([@bb0030], [@bb0025]). ", "JNK activation is the mediator of apoptosis induction by some viruses such as infectious bursal disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and equine influenza virus ([@bb0220], [@bb0230], [@bb0130]). ", "Furthermore, some viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and rotavirus can manipulate the JNK signaling pathway to regulate viral replication ([@bb0135], [@bb0090]). ", "The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated to induce apoptosis by bluetongue virus, soft-shelled turtle iridovirus, and other viruses as well as to control viral replication by viruses such as coxsackievirus B3 and varicella-zoster virus ([@bb0150], [@bb0095], [@bb0175], [@bb0165]). ", "In case of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, p38 MAPK induces cell death in Vero E6 cells and JNK is related to persistent infection ([@bb0140], [@bb0145]). ", "Viruses in the Simbu serogroup replicate and induce apoptosis in cultured cells ([@bb0125], [@bb0010], [@bb0205]).", "\n\nAKAV infects cultured neuronal cells and astroglia cells and causes degenerative death ([@bb0105]). ", "AKAV induces cytopathic effects (CPE) and apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3 in Vero E6 cells ([@bb0125]). ", "However, there have been no detailed studies of the signaling pathways involved in AKAV-induced apoptosis. ", "Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways play crucial roles in AKAV-induced apoptosis.", "\n\n2. ", "Materials and methods {#s0010}\n========================\n\n2.1. ", "Cell line and virus {#s0015}\n------------------------\n\nVero E6 cells, a subclone of the African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line, were maintained in minimum essential medium (MEM, Gibco) containing 5% fetal calf serum (Gibco), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin and incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO~2~. For the infection experiments, the cells were prepared in 6-well or 24-well tissue culture plates.", "\n\nAKAV strain JaGAR39, a prototype of AKAV, was used in this study. ", "Cell monolayers were washed once with MEM and then infected with AKAV at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5 for 1 h at 37 °C. ", "Incubation with MEM served as the mock-infected control. ", "After adsorption, the cells were incubated in serum-free medium.", "\n\n2.2. ", "Antibodies and reagents {#s0020}\n----------------------------\n\nAntibodies specific for phospho-JNK1/2 (Thr183/Tyr185) (1:2000, \\#9251), JNK1/2 (1:2000, \\#9252), phospho-p38 MAPK (Thr180/Tyr182) (1:2000, \\#9211), p38 MAPK (1:2000, \\#9212), phospho-c-Jun (Ser63) (1:1000, \\#9261), phospho-HSP27 (Ser82) (1:1000, \\#2401), cleaved caspase-3 (Asp175) (1:1000, \\#9661), GAPDH (1:4000, \\#2118), and anti-rabbit IgG HRP-linked secondary antibody (1:10,000 for detection of phospho-c-Jun, phospho-HSP27, and cleaved caspase-3 and 1:20,000 for detection of the others, \\#7074) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, USA).", "\n\nThe JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 were purchased from Wako (Osaka, Japan). ", "We prepared 10 mM stocks of each inhibitor in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). ", "In the inhibition experiments, Vero E6 cells were infected with AKAV at an MOI of 0.5 for 1 h and then incubated in serum-free medium containing 20 μM of each inhibitor. ", "Medium containing DMSO was used as the mock treatment control.", "\n\n2.3. ", "Western blotting {#s0025}\n---------------------\n\nAfter viral infection at an MOI of 0.5 or mock infection, the cells were lysed by adding 1 × sodium dodecyl sulfate sample buffer and boiled at 100 °C for 5 min. ", "Whole-cell extracts were electrophoresed on 12.5% polyacrylamide gels and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Bio-Rad). ", "The membranes were blocked at room temperature with Starting Block T20 (TBS) Blocking Buffer (Thermo) for 1 h and then incubated overnight with specific primary antibodies at 4 °C. ", "After three washes with PBST buffer, the membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. Immunoreactive bands were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence procedure with LAS-3000 (Fujifilm).", "\n\n3. ", "Results {#s0030}\n==========\n\n3.1. ", "Induction of apoptosis in Vero E6 cells by AKAV infection {#s0035}\n--------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe cell death was observed at 48 h postinfection (hpi) in Vero E6 cells ([Fig. ", "1](#f0005){ref-type=\"fig\"}A). ", "To determine whether AKAV infection activated caspase-3 in Vero E6 cells, Western blot analysis of the cleaved caspase-3 was performed. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "1](#f0005){ref-type=\"fig\"}B, cleaved caspase-3 was detected in AKAV-infected Vero E6 cells at 36 and 48 hpi, thereby indicating that AKAV infection induced apoptosis in Vero E6 cells.", "Fig. ", "1Apoptosis induced by AKAV infection. (", "A) Vero E6 cells were mock-infected or infected with AKAV at an MOI of 0.5 and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. (", "B) Western blot analysis of cleaved caspase-3 was performed using whole-cell extracts from mock-infected (−) or AKAV-infected (+) Vero E6 cells at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hpi. ", "GAPDH was used as the control.", "Fig. ", "1\n\n3.2. ", "Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in AKAV-infected cells {#s0040}\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n\nJNK and p38 MAPK are activated via phosphorylation at Thr183/Tyr185 and Thr180/Tyr182, respectively ([@bb0160]). ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "2](#f0010){ref-type=\"fig\"} , phosphorylated JNK and p38 MAPK were detected at 24 hpi and their levels increased gradually. ", "In contrast, the protein levels of total JNK and p38 MAPK did not differ at each time point.", "Fig. ", "2Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in AKAV-infected Vero E6 cells. ", "Whole-cell extracts from Vero E6 cells were mock-infected (−) or infected (+) with AKAV and prepared for Western blot analysis of the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hpi.", "Fig. ", "2\n\n3.3. ", "Phosphorylation of c-Jun and HSP27 by AKAV infection {#s0045}\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nActivated JNK phosphorylates c-Jun, which regulates a range of cellular processes, including apoptosis and cell proliferation ([@bb0065]). ", "HSP27 interacts with key components of the apoptotic signaling pathway, especially during caspase activation, and it is phosphorylated as a result of the activation of p38 MAPK ([@bb0035]). ", "Western blot analyses were performed to confirm that JNK and p38 MAPK, which were phosphorylated as a result of AKAV infection, actually phosphorylated c-Jun and HSP27, respectively. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "3](#f0015){ref-type=\"fig\"} , c-Jun and HSP27 were phosphorylated in AKAV-infected cells where the kinetics agreed with those observed in JNK and p38 MAPK, respectively. ", "These results suggest that the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were activated in response to AKAV infection.", "Fig. ", "3Phosphorylation of c-Jun and HSP27 in AKAV-infected Vero E6 cells. ", "Phosphorylated c-Jun and HSP27 were determined by Western blot analysis using whole-cell extracts from mock-infected (−) or AKAV-infected (+) Vero E6 cells at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hpi.", "Fig. ", "3\n\n3.4. ", "Inhibition of AKAV-induced apoptosis by a JNK inhibitor {#s0050}\n------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo confirm that the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways need to be activated for AKAV-induced apoptosis, we determined the effects of JNK and p38 MAPK inhibition on apoptosis induction by AKAV infection using a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580). ", "Vero E6 cells were treated with 20 μM of the inhibitors in serum-free medium for 48 h, and the cell viability was then assayed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (Doujin Chemical). ", "The viabilities of the cells treated with SP600125 or SB203580 were \\> 90% and approximately 100%, respectively, compared with those of untreated cells. ", "There was very little effect on cell viability in Vero E6 cells treated with both SP600125 and SB203580 at 20 μM.\n\nAs shown in [Fig. ", "4](#f0020){ref-type=\"fig\"}A, the Western blot analysis with anti-phospho-c-Jun antibody did not detect phosphorylated c-Jun in AKAV-infected Vero E6 cells treated with the JNK inhibitor, i.e., SP600125, at 36 hpi compared with the untreated cells. ", "The p38 MAPK inhibitor, i.e., SB203580, was also sufficient to block the phosphorylation of HSP27 ([Fig. ", "4](#f0020){ref-type=\"fig\"}A). ", "These results indicate that the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were inhibited by each inhibitor at 20 μM.Fig. ", "4Involvement of JNK and p38 MAPK activation in AKAV-induced apoptosis. (", "A) Mock-infected (−) or AKAV-infected (+) Vero E6 cells were not treated (−) or treated (+) with SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) for 36 h. Phosphorylation of c-Jun and HSP27 were determined by Western blotting. (", "B) Vero E6 cells infected with AKAV were not treated or treated with SP600125 and SB203580 for 48 h. (C) Western blot analysis with anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody was performed using whole-cell extracts from the cells mock-infected (−) or infected (+) with AKAV in the absence (−) or presence (+) of SP600125 and SB203580 for 48 h.Fig. ", "4\n\nNext, we investigated whether the JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors reduced the production of CPE induced by AKAV infection. ", "CPE inhibition was clearly observed at 48 hpi in AKAV-infected cells treated with SP600125 compared with that of untreated cells. ", "However, SB203580 treatment did not inhibit CPE production at 48 hpi compared with that of untreated cells ([Fig. ", "4](#f0020){ref-type=\"fig\"}B). ", "We then examined whether the inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK suppressed AKAV-mediated apoptosis based on Western blot analysis of the cleavage of caspase-3. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "4](#f0020){ref-type=\"fig\"}C, the inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway by the addition of SP600125 led to marked inhibition of caspase-3 compared with that of untreated cells. ", "In contrast, the amount of cleaved caspase-3 did not differ between control cells and those treated with SB203580 ([Fig. ", "4](#f0020){ref-type=\"fig\"}C). ", "The copy numbers of AKAV RNA in the AKAV-infected cells treated with the two inhibitors were almost the same as those in untreated AKAV-infected cells according to real-time PCR at 48 hpi (data not shown). ", "These results suggest the involvement of the JNK signaling pathway in AKAV-induced apoptosis but not the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.", "\n\n4. ", "Discussion {#s0055}\n=============\n\nSignaling pathways involved in apoptosis induction by AKAV are unclear. ", "A better understanding of these signaling pathways is needed to further elucidate the molecular virology of AKAV. ", "In the present study, we demonstrated that AKAV, a member of the Simbu serogroup, activated the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, where the activation of the JNK signaling pathway was shown to be a crucial mediator of AKAV-induced apoptosis.", "\n\nMAPK cascades are activated by various viral infections ([@bb0140], [@bb0225], [@bb0015]). ", "In this study, we investigated whether AKAV infection induced JNK and p38 MAPK activation and found that both signaling pathways were activated persistently by AKAV infection. ", "In MAPK cascades, activation of the JNK cascade and the p38 MAPK cascade tend to promote apoptosis, and several studies have demonstrated that virus-mediated activation of these two cascades leads to apoptosis ([@bb0080], [@bb0210], [@bb0215]). ", "Our data clearly showed that JNK inhibition by treatment with each specific inhibitor resulted in marked suppression of AKAV-induced apoptosis, whereas inhibition of p38 MAPK did not. ", "Thus, the JNK cascade plays a crucial role in apoptosis caused by AKAV. ", "Oropouche virus is a member of the Simbu serogroup and a cause of acute febrile illness in humans. ", "Mitochondrial release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-9 and -3 are detected during viral infection, and Oropouche virus infection causes apoptosis via an intracellular pathway that involves mitochondria ([@bb0005]). ", "JNK promotes the translocation of the Bcl-2 family pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, into mitochondria via the phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins that cause dissociation of Bax, where this translocation is essential for mediating the apoptotic release of cytochrome C ([@bb0195], [@bb0155]). ", "Thus, we suggest that AKAV-induced JNK activation exerts a pro-apoptotic effect via the mitochondrial pathway, thereby regulating Bax translocation into the mitochondria, cytochrome C release, and caspase activation.", "\n\nIn conclusion, our results indicate that AKAV infection induces the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK as well as their downstream substrates, c-Jun and HSP27 in cultured cells. ", "In particular, JNK activation plays a crucial role in AKAV-induced apoptosis. ", "AKAV causes abortions, stillbirths, and congenital disorders in animals. ", "This study is useful to understand the pathogenicity of AKAV.", "\n\nThis work was supported by management expenses grant of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.", "\n\n[^1]: SM and TO contributed equally to this study.", "\n" ]

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[ "An internal United Nations document says Kenya again seeks to close the Dadaab camp that hosts more than 200,000 refugees from neighboring Somalia.", "\n\nThe U.N. refugee agency document obtained by The Associated Press says it \"appreciates\" Kenya's suggestion to close the camp in six months. ", "But it notes that security remains \"precarious\" in Somalia, where the al-Shabab extremist group is based.", "\n\nKenya calls the refugee camp, one of the world's largest, a source of insecurity. ", "A Kenyan court in 2017 blocked its closure, saying it was not safe for refugees to return home.", "\n\nA senior government official, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss the issue, confirmed Kenya's plan to close the camp and said it followed a deadly al-Shabab attack in Nairobi in January." ]

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[ "Sarkari Pahune\n\nMaster Vinayak continues his wildly popular series of social satires with this episodic spoof on India's feudal nobility. ", "Soon after marrying her husband Chimanrao (Damuanna Malvankar), Kautai (Sahuntala Bhome) claims that she is the distance relative of the sovereign of a small southern kingdom and sets out with her husband and her unmarried cousin, Gundyabhau (Vishnupant Jog), to visit her family's palace. ", "They are met at the rail station by a Ford car pulled by a pair of oxen. ", "The palace proves to be less than palatial -- the house has no electricity or running water and the servants are crooked. ", "Later, the avowedly misogynist Gundyabhau finds himself utterly beguiled by a beautiful dancer (Vatsala Kumthekar).", "\n\nSarkari Pahune is not available now.", "\n\nAdd this movie to your queue to receive more information about\nSarkari Pahune and we will let you know when it becomes available.", "\n\nGoWatchIt is your\ncomprehensive\nguide to finding movies and TV shows on the platforms you care about – in theaters, online, on TV, or on\nBlu-ray/DVD. ", "Use GoWatchIt to discover, consume, or bookmark everything you want to watch!", "\n\nGoWatchIt is your comprehensive guide to finding movies and TV shows on the platforms you care about – in\ntheaters, online, on TV, or on Blu-ray/DVD. ", "Use GoWatchIt to discover, consume, or bookmark everything you\nwant to watch!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPopulating external foreach loop array with SQL results\n\nI'm a php newbee and I'm trying to populate 3 diferent arrays with a serie of foreach and SQL results. ", "The code actually works, but I keep printing only the last result. ", "Somehow I'm not incrementing the arrays but just writing it over and over. ", "The question is, how to incremente them? ", "Any help is really appreciate!", "\n $online = array();//armazena online\n $ocupado = array();//armazena ocupado\n $offline = array();//armazena offline\n\n$atendentes = mysql_query(\"SELECT nome FROM atendentes ORDER BY nome\")or die(mysql_error());\nwhile ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($atendentes)) {/// Pegar atendentes\n $atendentedb = array($row[\"nome\"]);\n}\n\nforeach ($atendentedb as $atendente) {// LOOP SELECAO DAS ATENDENTES; VERIFICAR CADA UMA\n\n $names = modWhosonlineCustom::getOnlineUserNames();//pega o nome de quem esta online agora\n\n foreach ($names as $name){//DA UM LOOP, EM QUEM ESTA ONLINE E MARCA \n\n //*****************************'ACENDER' se a atendente esta online\n $att = $name->username;\n $att = strtolower($att);\n\n if ($atendente == $att){//esta atendente esta online\n $att_online = 'yes';\n }//esta atendente esta online\n if ($atendente !", "= $att){//esta nao atendente esta online\n $att_online = 'no';\n }//esta atendente nao esta online\n //******************************************************************\n\n }//loop foreach quem esta online\n\n if ($att_online == 'yes'){//se atendente online\n $status = mysql_query(\"SELECT status FROM atendentes WHERE nome = '$atendente'\")or die(mysql_error());\n while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($status)) {\n $statusdb = $row[\"status\"];\n }\n //**************************** VERIFICA O STATUS\n if ($statusdb == 'disponivel'){\n //*******************************\n $descricao = mysql_query(\"SELECT hp_online FROM atendentes WHERE nome = '$atendente'\")or die(mysql_error());\n while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($descricao)) {\n $online[] = $row['hp_online'];\n }\n }// se o status é disponivel\n\n //********************************* OCUPADOS \n if ($statusdb == 'ocupado'){\n $descricao = mysql_query(\"SELECT hp_busy FROM atendentes WHERE nome = '$atendente'\")or die(mysql_error());\n while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($descricao)) {\n $ocupado[] = $row['hp_busy'];\n }\n }// se o status é ocupado\n }//atendente = yes \n\n if ($att_online !", "= 'yes'){//se estiver offline\n $descricao = mysql_query(\"SELECT hp_offline, horario FROM atendentes WHERE nome = '$atendente'\")or die(mysql_error());\n while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($descricao)) {\n $offline[] = $row['hp_offline'];\n $offline[] = $row['horario'];\n }\n }//se att nao é online\n\n}// loop foreach\n\nA:\n\nWhen fetching in a while loop, use the [] syntax to append values to an array. ", " Otherwise, you are just overwriting the same value on each loop iteration.", "\n$atendentedb = array();\nwhile ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($atendentes)) {/// Pegar atendentes\n $atendentedb[] = array($row[\"nome\"]);\n //--------^^^^\n}\n\n// Later\n$statusdb = array();\nwhile ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($status)) {\n $statusdb[] = $row[\"status\"];\n //-------^^\n}\n\nIf I missed others in your code, you should change those as well.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "//\n// Copyright(c) 2015 Gabi Melman.", "\n// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)\n//\n\n#include <thread>\n#include <vector>\n#include <atomic>\n\n#include <boost/log/core.hpp>\n#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>\n#include <boost/log/expressions.hpp>\n#include <boost/log/sinks/text_file_backend.hpp>\n#include <boost/log/utility/setup/file.hpp>\n#include <boost/log/utility/setup/common_attributes.hpp>\n#include <boost/log/sources/severity_logger.hpp>\n#include <boost/log/sources/record_ostream.hpp>\n\nnamespace logging = boost::log;\nnamespace src = boost::log::sources;\nnamespace sinks = boost::log::sinks;\nnamespace keywords = boost::log::keywords;\n\nvoid init()\n{\n logging::add_file_log\n (\n keywords::file_name = \"logs/boost-sample_%N.log\", /*< file name pattern >*/\n keywords::auto_flush = false,\n keywords::format = \"[%TimeStamp%]: %Message%\"\n );\n\n logging::core::get()->set_filter\n (\n logging::trivial::severity >= logging::trivial::info\n );\n}\n\n\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main(int argc, char* argv[])\n{\n int thread_count = 10;\n if(argc > 1)\n thread_count = atoi(argv[1]);\n\n int howmany = 1000000;\n\n\n init();\n logging::add_common_attributes();\n\n\n using namespace logging::trivial;\n\n src::severity_logger_mt< severity_level > lg;\n\n std::atomic<int > msg_counter {0};\n vector<thread> threads;\n\n for (int t = 0; t < thread_count; ++t)\n {\n threads.push_back(std::thread([&]()\n {\n while (true)\n {\n int counter = ++msg_counter;\n if (counter > howmany) break;\n BOOST_LOG_SEV(lg, info) << \"boost message #\" << counter << \": This is some text for your pleasure\";\n }\n }));\n }\n\n\n for(auto &t:threads)\n {\n t.join();\n };\n\n\n return 0;\n}\n" ]

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[ "\nRoyal Game of Ur - hellohal\nhttp://urgame.appspot.com\n======\nhellohal\nA game I made to learn some web game development.", "\n\nI heard about the game here:\n[https://youtu.be/WZskjLq040I](https://youtu.be/WZskjLq040I)\n\n" ]

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[ "NotifyModuleReadyCallback(exception) bug_OS12095746_mod0.js\r\nNotifyModuleReadyCallback(exception) bug_OS12095746_mod1.js\r\nmod0 catch:Syntax error\r\nmod1 catch:Unexpected identifier after numeric literal\r\nNotifyModuleReadyCallback(exception) bug_OS12095746_mod2.js\r\nmod2 catch:Unexpected identifier after numeric literal\r\n" ]

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[ "Introduction {#Sec1}\n============\n\nIn recent years, the rate of depletion of fossil fuel reserves is elevating in a rapid speed due to high demand of energy. ", "Moreover, the combustion of fossil fuel causes emission of harmful gases, which lead to adverse effects on environment. ", "The increase in cost of fossil fuels and the environmental pollution drives to find a clean and sustainable alternative energy source. ", "Fuel cells are one of the best alternative energy sources for power generation. ", "Out of the different type of fuel cells, hydrogen fuelled polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has gathered enormous attention due to its zero pollutant emission, high efficiency, fast start up time and low operating temperature^[@CR1],[@CR2]^. However, the commercialization of PEMFC is hindered due to the high cost of various components of a fuel cell. ", "The catalyst used in PEMFC is the highest contributor to the overall cost of a fuel cell. ", "The commonly used catalyst in PEMFC is platinum (Pt) due to its good catalytic activity, stability to withstand the operating environment and resistance to corrosion^[@CR2]^. However, the less abundance and high cost of Pt which made researchers to put tremendous effort to find an alternative for Pt without compromising the catalytic performance^[@CR3],[@CR4]^.\n\nRecently vast researches have been done on PEMFC using other platinum group metal (PGMs) catalysts and PGM-free catalysts. ", "Though PGM-free catalysts like transition metal-nitrogen-carbon (TM-N-C) based composite have proved to exhibit good ORR activity, most of the studies have shown ORR activity of TM-N-C using electrochemical half-cell measurements^[@CR5]^. Even though, some groups has shown single cell measurements with TM-N-C as cathode catalyst, the amount of catalyst loading was very high (2--4 mg/cm^2^) compared to conventional PGM based catalyst^[@CR6]--[@CR8]^. Thus among other PGMs, palladium (Pd) has the potential to replace Pt in PEMFC. ", "Pd, which is low-priced and abundant relative to Pt, provides good catalytic performance, thereby reducing the cost of a fuel cell as a whole^[@CR9],[@CR10]^. Further reduction in the cost of the catalyst can be achieved by alloying Pd with less expensive transition metals. ", "During the past few decades, several reports clearly depict that Pd-alloy based electrocatalyst has good catalytic activity^[@CR11]--[@CR14]^. For instance, Shao *et al*. ", "reported Pd-Fe/C as a good electrocatalyst with high ORR activity^[@CR15]^. Similarly, Martinez *et al*. ", "demonstrated the high ORR activity of bimetallic electrocatalyst Pd-Co/C compared to monometallic Pd/C^[@CR9]^.\n\nThe performance of a fuel cell depends not only on the catalyst but also on the support material used. ", "The complete utilization of the catalyst is only possible by choosing a good support material with high surface area, so that it can provide more anchoring sites where the catalyst nanoparticles can be attached. ", "Researchers have already extensively reported carbon nanomaterials like carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibres as supporting materials for anchoring catalyst nanoparticles in PEMFC^[@CR16]--[@CR20]^. Among these carbon materials, graphene has proved as an excellent support material due to various reasons like high surface area, good electrical conductivity and good mechanical and chemical stability in operating environment^[@CR21]--[@CR24]^. Moreover, graphene is not likely to have any metallic impurities during the preparation process, which is unavoidable in the case of carbon nanotubes which affects the catalytic performance^[@CR25],[@CR26]^. The graphene structure can be modified with the introduction of heteroatoms to the carbon lattice, which can result in increasing the performance via tuning the electronic properties of pristine graphene. ", "The most commonly used heteroatoms are nitrogen, boron, sulphur and phosphorous. ", "Among the various heteroatoms used for doping, nitrogen has been given more importance due to its same atomic size as carbon with one electron more than that of carbon^[@CR27]^. When nitrogen is incorporated into graphene, the charge distribution of the carbon atoms gets disturbed. ", "This creates some active regions on the surface of graphene. ", "These active regions act as anchoring sites for the metal nanoparticles to get attached^[@CR28]^. Qazzazie *et al*. ", "reported that the incorporation of nitrogen into graphene enhances the oxygen reduction reaction performance^[@CR29]^. Similarly, Qu *et al*. ", "demonstrated nitrogen-doped graphene is a good metal free electrocatalyst in fuel cell^[@CR30]^. Though, several groups have extensively studied Pd alloy based catalyst on carbon support as an efficient cathode electrocatalyst in PEMFC, nobody has reported as anode as well as cathode electrocatalyst simultaneously.", "\n\nIn the present work, palladium-cobalt alloy supported on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Pd~3~Co/NG) has been successfully synthesized in a single-step method. ", "The simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO), palladium chloride and cobalt chloride along with the incorporation of nitrogen has been achieved in a single step. ", "The result indicated successful doping of nitrogen and the uniform dispersion of catalyst alloy nanoparticles over nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide. ", "Single cell measurements revealed that the prepared electrocatalyst has both good hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity.", "\n\nResults and Discussions {#Sec2}\n=======================\n\nThe schematic representation of the synthesized sample Pd~3~Co/NG is shown in the Fig.", " [1(a)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of graphite, GO, Pd~3~Co/NG are shown in Fig.", " [1(b)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "The peak around 26° in Fig.", " [1(b)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} (i) corresponds to the characteristic graphitic peak with 0.34 nm d-spacing. ", "In Fig.", " [1(b)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} (ii) the peak around 26° shifted to 11° which confirms the formation of GO due to the incorporation of oxygen functional groups in between the layers of graphite which results in increased d-spacing from 0.34 nm to 0.84 nm. ", "Figure [1(b)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} (iii) shows the XRD of Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "The sharp peak around 11° disappears and a broad peak around 26° confirms the reduction of GO. ", "The peaks around 40°, 46°, 69°, 81°, 86° correspond to Pd (111), Pd (200), Pd (220), Pd (311), Pd (222) thus ensuring the formation of palladium nanoparticles. ", "No separate peaks corresponding to cobalt can be seen in the XRD pattern which confirms the formation of palladium-cobalt alloy^[@CR21]^. The XRD patterns of Pd~3~Co/NG and palladium supported on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Pd/NG) are depicted in Fig.", " [S1](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"} (supporting information) shows that the Pd peaks in the case of Pd~3~Co/NG were observed to shift to higher angles compared to Pd/NG. ", "It is due to the lattice contraction caused by the incorporation of smaller Co atoms in Pd lattice, which further confirms the alloy formation in Pd~3~Co/NG.Figure 1(**a**) Schematic of synthesis of Pd~3~Co/NG, (**b**) XRD pattern of (i) Graphite, (ii) GO, (iii) Pd~3~Co/NG and (**c**) Raman spectra of (i) Graphite, (ii) GO, (iii) Pd~3~Co/NG.", "\n\nFig. [", "1(c)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} illustrates the Raman spectra for (i) graphite, (ii) GO, (iii) Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "There are two prominent peaks in the Raman spectra, D band and G band. ", "The D band gives the degree of disorder present in the carbon material and G band is formed due to the stretching of the C-C bond in the carbon samples which gives the information about the crystalline nature of the material^[@CR31]^. The ratio between the intensities of D band and G band (I~D~/I~G~) is used to characterize the defects present in the carbon materials. ", "The I~D~/I~G~ ratio of the samples were calculated and listed in the Table [S1](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"}. ", "Fig. [", "1(c)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} (i) shows the Raman spectrum of graphite with sharp G band at 1577.7 cm^−1^ and almost negligible D band around 1328.60 cm^−1^. The intense G band signifies the highly crystalline nature of the graphite and very less defects with I~D~/I~G~ value 0.21. ", "Fig. [", "1(c)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} (ii) shows the Raman spectrum of GO with I~D~/I~G~ ratio 1.07, which is high compared to the graphite due to the presence of oxygen containing functional groups in GO. ", "The G band of GO occurs at 1592.45 cm^−1^, higher wave number than the graphite due to the formation of sp^3^ carbon atoms results from the incorporation of oxygen functional groups^[@CR32]^. In the case of Pd~3~Co/NG (Fig.", " [1(c)](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} (iii)), the I~D~/I~G~ ratio increased to 1.11, treating palladium and cobalt nanoparticles as defects. ", "In addition to that, nitrogen doping also generates some defects in the system.", "\n\nThe morphological analysis of the samples was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ", "Fig.", " [S2](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"} shows the SEM image and elemental mapping of the sample Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "The SEM image clearly shows the layered and wrinkled nature of NG and the metal nanoparticles are finely distributed over the surface of the support material NG. ", "To analyse the distribution of the elements present in the sample, the elemental mapping was carried out. ", "The elemental mapping shows a homogeneous distribution of C, N, Pd and Co elements in the sample. ", "Fig. [", "2(a,c)](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the TEM images of Pd~3~Co/NG and 2 (b,d) of Pd/NG. ", "TEM images show the highly transparent sheet like structure of reduced graphene oxide layers, which signifies the proper exfoliation of GO. ", "A uniform and homogeneous distribution of catalyst nanoparticles over the surface of NG without any agglomeration can be observed. ", "The average particle size was found to be around 20 nm.", "Figure 2TEM images of (**a**) and (**c**) Pd~3~Co/NG, (**b**) and (**d**) Pd/NG.", "\n\nX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to confirm the chemical composition of the sample Pd~3~Co/NG and to ensure nitrogen doping. ", "Fig.", " [S3](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"} shows the XPS survey spectrum of Pd~3~Co/NG confirming the presence of carbon, nitrogen, palladium and cobalt. ", "Fig. [", "3(a)](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the XPS spectrum of C 1s orbital. ", "The deconvoluted spectrum of C 1s shows a prominent peak around 284.9 eV corresponding to sp^2^ C=C bonding. ", "The other two peaks around 286.17 eV and 288.79 eV corresponds to the sp^2^ C=N and sp^3^ C-N bonding^[@CR33]^. Fig. [", "3(b)](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the deconvoluted spectrum of N 1s. ", "Three peaks around 398.82 eV, 400.28 eV and 406.62 eV corresponds to the pyridinic N, pyrolic N, and N-oxide respectively^[@CR27],[@CR34]^. From XPS analysis, the amount of nitrogen atoms doped in the reduced graphene oxide structure was obtained as 1.268 atomic %. ", "Fig. [", "3(c)](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the XPS spectrum of Pd 3d for Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "It is deconvoluted into four peaks. ", "The two intense peaks correspond to the metallic Pd (i.e. Pd^0^) and the other two peaks correspond to the +2 oxidation state of palladium (i.e. Pd^2+^). ", "The peaks at 335.70 eV and 341.08 eV correspond to the Pd^0^ 3d~5/2~ and Pd^0^ 3d~3/2~ respectively. ", "The +2 oxidation state of palladium (i.e. Pd^2+^) is due to the formation of Pd-O bond or Pd-N bond^[@CR35]^ and the peaks corresponding to it is centered at 336.50 eV (Pd^+2^ 3d~5/2~) and at 343.48 eV (Pd^+2^ 3d~3/2~)^[@CR36]^. Fig.", " [3(d)](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the deconvoluted spectrum of Co 2p for Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "The two intense peaks at 780.11 eV and 794.73 eV correspond to the Co 2p~3/2~ and Co 2p~1/2~ respectively^[@CR37]--[@CR39]^. A shake-up satellite peak at 788.76 eV indicates the presence of Co~3~O~4~ which is denoted as Sat^[@CR40]^. The atomic ratio of Pd^+2^/Pd^0^ and Pd/Co obtained from high resolution XPS spectra of Pd 3d and Co 2p was found to be 0.82 and 3.4 respectively.", "Figure 3XPS spectra of (**a**) C 1s, (**b**) N 1s, (**c**) Pd 3d and (**d**) Co 2p orbitals of Pd~3~Co/NG.", "\n\nFig. [", "4(a)](#Fig4){ref-type=\"fig\"} represents the Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) profile of Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd/NG. ", "The sample was heated from room temperature to 1000 °C in zero air atmosphere with a heating rate of 20 °C/min. ", "The TGA profile shows a weight loss in the temperature range from 75 °C to 120 °C due to the loss of physisorbed residual water content present in the sample^[@CR41]^. In the temperature range around 400 °C to 550 °C, another major weight loss was observed due to the decomposition of carbon in presence of air. ", "Above 550 °C, the TGA profile was almost constant till 1000 °C without any weight loss, which confirms 23 wt% metal loading in Pd~3~Co/NG sample^[@CR42]^ and about 20 wt% metal loading in Pd/NG.Figure 4(**a**) TGA analysis of Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd/NG and (**b**) Cyclic voltammogram of Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd/NG.", "\n\nCyclic voltammograms (CV) were recorded in the potential range −0.4 V to 1.2 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) at a scan rate of 50 mV/s in nitrogen saturated 0.5 M H~2~SO~4~ electrolyte for the samples Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd/NG. ", "In the CV curve shown in Fig.", " [4(b)](#Fig4){ref-type=\"fig\"}, the peaks in the potential range from −0.25 V to 0.0 V are due to the hydrogen adsorption and desorption on the palladium surface. ", "The broad peak above the potential 0.5 V during the anodic scan was due to the oxidation of palladium, whereas the peak obtained in the cathodic scan in the potential range from 0.45 V to 0.2 V was due to the reduction of palladium oxide to palladium metal. ", "The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) for palladium-based catalyst is calculated using the formula,$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$ECSA=\\frac{{Q}_{H}}{0.420\\times [Pd]}$$\\end{document}$$\n\nThe coulombic charge Q~H~ for the palladium catalyst was calculated using the reduction peak of chemisorbed oxygen rather than using hydrogen adsorption/desorption peak in platinum-based electrocatalysts because Pd is basically a hydrogen storage element and it absorbs some amount of hydrogen making it difficult to calculate the exact coulombic charge using hydrogen adsorption/desorption peak^[@CR43],[@CR44]^. \\[Pd\\] in the Equation ([1](#Equ1){ref-type=\"\"}) is the catalyst metal loading in the electrocatalyst and 0.420 mC cm^−2^ is the charge required for the full coverage of the Pd surface by monolayer of oxygen. ", "The calculated ECSA using the Equation ([1](#Equ1){ref-type=\"\"}) was 24.6 m^2^ g^−1^ for Pd/NG and 39.8 m^2^ g^−1^ for Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "The more ECSA of Pd~3~Co/NG is due to the formation of more active sites due to alloying. ", "Fig.", " [S4(a)](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"} shows the comparison of CV for Pd~3~Co/NG and palladium-cobalt alloy supported on reduced graphene oxide (Pd~3~Co/G). ", "The ECSA calculated for Pd~3~Co/G was 32.2 m^2^ g^−1^. The better ECSA of Pd~3~Co/NG compared to that of Pd~3~Co/G might be attributed to the uniform and good dispersion of catalyst nanoparticles on graphene network due to the incorporation of nitrogen atoms.", "\n\nThe ORR performance of the prepared electrocatalyst was investigated using rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) technique. ", "Fig. [", "5(a)](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curve of Pd~3~Co/NG recorded at a scan rate of 10 mV s^−1^ at different rotational speed in oxygen saturated 0.5 M H~2~SO~4~ electrolyte solution at room temperature. ", "From the Fig. [", "5(a)](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"}, it is clear that the diffusion-limiting current increases with increase in rotational speed. ", "With increase in electrode rotation, the diffusion of oxygen towards the electrode surface increases which in turn results in high oxygen reduction current^[@CR45]--[@CR48]^. Fig. [", "5(b)](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"} is the comparison of LSV curve for nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NG), Pd~3~Co/NG, Pd/NG and commercial Pt/C at 1600 rpm speed. ", "It was observed that the onset potential of Pd~3~Co/NG was 607 mV vs SCE which is higher compared to that of Pd/NG having onset potential of 589 mV vs SCE. ", "Also, the half-wave potential of Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd/NG was observed to be 490 mV and 469 mV vs SCE respectively. ", "Additionally, the diffusion-limiting current density was observed to be high for Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "Thus, the positive shift of the potential, high half-wave potential and high oxygen reduction current for Pd~3~Co/NG compared to Pd/NG confirmed higher ORR activity of Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "Additionally, the LSV curve of NG shows an onset potential of 130 mV, though value is very less; it shows the contribution of NG to ORR activity. ", "Thus, in comparison with NG, the composites of Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd/NG show better catalytic activities, indicating the major contribution of catalyst nanoparticles towards ORR activity than NG alone^[@CR27]^. Further, the comparative LSV curve of commercial Pt/C shows the better catalytic activity of Pt-based electrocatalyst than Pd-based electrocatalysts. ", "The mass activity of Pd~3~Co/NG, Pd/NG and commercial Pt/C at 0.5 V vs SCE was calculated based on the mass of the metallic catalyst and shown in Fig. [", "5(c)](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "It was found that the mass activity of Pd~3~Co/NG was 1.6 times more than that of Pd/NG. ", "The kinetic parameters derived from the polarization curve are tabulated in Table [S2](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"}. ", "Additionally, LSV of Pd~3~Co/G was recorded at 1600 rpm and has shown in the Fig.", " [S4(b)](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"}. ", "It was observed that the calculated onset potential of Pd~3~Co/G (592 mV) was less compared to Pd~3~Co/NG, which further confirms the better ORR activity of the electrocatalyst with nitrogen doping.", "Figure 5(**a**) LSV curve of Pd~3~Co/NG at different electrode rotation speed, (**b**) LSV curve of NG, commercial Pt/C, Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd/NG at 1600 rpm speed, (**c**) The mass activity of commercial Pt/C, Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd/NG at 0.5 V, (**d**) Koutecky-Levich plot of Pd~3~Co/NG, (**e**) RRDE curve of Pd~3~Co/NG at 1600 rpm and (**f**) Percentage of hydrogen peroxide produced and electron transfer number during ORR.", "\n\nThe kinetic parameters related to ORR performance can be found out using Koutecky-Levich (K-L) plot using K-L Equation ([2](#Equ2){ref-type=\"\"}).$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$\\frac{1}{j}=\\frac{1}{{j}_{k}}+\\frac{1}{{j}_{d}}=\\frac{1}{nFk{C}_{{O}_{2}}}+\\frac{1}{B{\\omega }^{1/2}}$$\\end{document}$$where *j* is the measured current density, *j*~*k*~ and *j*~d~ are the kinetic and diffusion current densities respectively. ", "ω is the electrode rotation speed expressed in rpm and k is the rate constant^[@CR46],[@CR47]^.$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$B=0.2nF{C}_{{O}_{2}}{D}_{{O}_{2}}{}^{2/3}{\\nu }^{-1/6}$$\\end{document}$$where n is the number of electrons transferred in ORR per oxygen molecule, F is the Faraday constant (96486 C mol^−1^), $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${D}_{{O}_{2}}$$\\end{document}$ is the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in electrolyte (1.4 × 10^−5^ cm^2^ s^−1^), ν is the kinematic viscosity of the electrolyte (1 × 10^−2^ cm s^−1^) and $\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$${C}_{{O}_{2}}$$\\end{document}$ is the concentration of oxygen in the electrolyte (1.1 × 10^−6^ mol cm^−3^)^[@CR47],[@CR48]^. Fig. [", "5(d)](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the K-L lines of Pd~3~Co/NG at different potentials along with the theoretical line for four electron (n = 4) process. ", "It can be seen that the experimental K-L lines are almost parallel to each other as well as to the theoretical n = 4 K-L line^[@CR48]^. In addition to that, the number of electrons transferred per oxygen molecule during ORR, which can be obtained from the slope of the experimental K-L lines was found to be approximately 3.7. ", "This suggests the ORR catalyzed by Pd~3~Co/NG was via nearly four-electron transfer mechanism.", "\n\nFor further investigation of ORR pathway, the RRDE technique was used. ", "Fig. [", "5(e)](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the RRDE curve of Pd~3~Co/NG at 1600 rpm with 10 mV/s scan rate. ", "The ring potential used was 1.0 V in order to oxidize the H~2~O~2~ produced on the disk. ", "From RRDE data, the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H~2~O~2~) produced and the electron transfer number (n) during the ORR mechanism can be calculated. ", "These parameters were calculated using the Equations ([4](#Equ4){ref-type=\"\"}) and ([5](#Equ5){ref-type=\"\"}).$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$ \\% {H}_{2}{O}_{2}=\\frac{200{i}_{r}/N}{{i}_{d}+{i}_{r}/N}$$\\end{document}$$$$\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\n \\usepackage{amsmath}\n \\usepackage{wasysym} \n \\usepackage{amsfonts} \n \\usepackage{amssymb} \n \\usepackage{amsbsy}\n \\usepackage{mathrsfs}\n \\usepackage{upgreek}\n \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\n \\begin{document}$$n=\\frac{4{i}_{d}}{{i}_{d}+{i}_{r}/N}$$\\end{document}$$where i~r~ is the ring current, i~d~ is the disk current and N is the collection efficiency (0.37)^[@CR49]^.\n\nFig. [", "5(f)](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the calculated electron transfer number and the yield of hydrogen peroxide by Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "The number of electrons transferred during the ORR mechanism was calculated to vary from 3.55 to 3.72 in the potential range 0 V to 0.48 V, which is almost equal to the value, obtained from the K-L plot. ", "The percentage of peroxide produced varies from 6% to 12% in the same potential range mentioned above. ", "These results show the ORR process catalyzed by Pd~3~Co/NG follows nearly four-electron pathway.", "\n\nElectrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies were carried out with the Pd~3~Co electrocatalyst with and without nitrogen doping. ", "Fig.", " [S5](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"} shows the Nyquist plot of Pd~3~Co/NG and Pd~3~Co/G. In fuel cells, at higher potentials, the polarization resistance is dominated by the charge-transfer process and at lower potentials it is dominated by the mass-transfer process^[@CR50]^. The inset in the figure shows the schematic representation of the equivalent circuit for EIS of the electrocatalyst, where R~1~ is the electrolyte resistance, R~2~ is the resistance due to the contact resistance, R~3~ is the charge transfer resistance and CPE is the constant phase element. ", "After circuit fitting, the values of the circuit elements are tabulated and included as Table [S3](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"}. ", "Fitted results reveal that the charge-transfer resistance of Pd~3~Co/NG is much less compared to the electrocatalyst Pd~3~Co/G. The less charge-transfer resistance of Pd~3~Co/NG shows the good catalytic activity. ", "This may be attributed to the availability of more active sites with the incorporation of nitrogen atoms on graphene network and due to the uniform distribution of Pd~3~Co nanoparticles over the surface of NG with less agglomeration^[@CR4]^.\n\nPolarization studies were performed by preparing membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using Pd~3~Co/NG as anode electrocatalyst with catalyst loading of 0.5 mg/cm^2^ and commercial Pt/C as cathode electrocatalyst with catalyst loading of 0.1 mg/cm^2^. The above MEA is labeled as MEA 1. ", "The measurements were carried out by reversing anode and cathode, which is labeled as MEA 2. ", "Finally, the MEA was prepared using Pd~3~Co/NG (0.5 mg/cm^2^) on both anode and cathode electrocatalyst and labeled as MEA 3. ", "For comparison, three more MEAs with Pd/NG as anode electrocatalyst, cathode electrocatalyst and at both anode and cathode were prepared and labeled as MEA 4, MEA 5 and MEA 6 respectively. ", "Similarly, again three more MEAs with Pd~3~Co/G as anode electrocatalyst, cathode electrocatalyst and at both anode and cathode were prepared and labeled as MEA 7, MEA 8 and MEA 9 respectively. ", "The polarization measurements were recorded at 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C. ", "Fig. [", "6(a--c)](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows the polarization curve of MEA 1, MEA 2 and MEA 3, respectively. ", "Fig. [", "S6(a--c)](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"} show the polarization curve of MEA 4, MEA 5 and MEA 6, respectively. ", "Similarly Fig. [", "S7(a--c)](#MOESM1){ref-type=\"media\"} show the polarization curve of MEA 7, MEA 8 and MEA 9 respectively. ", "Before the polarization measurement, MEAs were activated between open circuit potential (OCP) and 0.1 V. All polarization studies were carried out without backpressure.", "Figure 6Polarization curves of (**a**) MEA 1, (**b**) MEA 2 and (**c**) MEA 3 at 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C temperature.", "\n\nIn general, for all prepared MEAs, a considerable improvement in fuel cell performance was observed with increase in temperature. ", "This was mainly due to the enhancement of hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction kinetics with the rise in temperature. ", "The MEA 1 with Pd~3~Co/NG used as anode electrocatalyst and Pt/C used as cathode electrocatalyst showed a maximum power density of 262 mW/cm^2^ at 60 °C. ", "The MEA 2 showed a maximum power density of 189 mW/cm^2^ at 60 °C. ", "In MEA 2, Pd~3~Co/NG was used as cathode electrocatalyst and the performance was much better than Pt-based cathode electrocatalyst reported earlier, by keeping Pt/C at anode. ", "For instance, Seger *et al*. ", "demonstrated a maximum power density of 161 mW/cm^2^ at 60 °C with partially reduced GO-Pt based electrocatalyst at cathode^[@CR51]^. It is clear from the polarization measurements that Pd~3~Co/NG shows good HOR and ORR activity. ", "The good catalytic activity of Pd~3~Co/NG composites can be due to the synergistic catalytic effect of nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide network and the Pd-Co alloy nanoparticles. ", "The good HOR and ORR performance was due to better adherence between the catalyst nanoparticles and the reduced graphene oxide through nitrogen doping. ", "When nitrogen is incorporated into graphene network, the doped nitrogen acts as a connection link between the catalyst nanoparticles and the support material which results in low electrochemical impedance and strengthen the interaction between them^[@CR27]^. Thus, nitrogen provides better pathway for the transport of electrons, which helps in the enhancement of the catalytic activity. ", "In addition to that, nitrogen doping provides changes in the charge distribution of the carbon atoms in graphene network, in such a way that, it favors in transfer of charge from carbon to the adsorbed oxygen molecule which in turn helps in the weakening of O-O bond and promotes the dissociation results in improved ORR activity^[@CR21]^. Moreover, it was reported in literature that nitrogen-doped graphene promotes the oxygen dissociation mechanism, by reducing the energy barrier for the dissociation of oxygen which is more sluggish reaction in fuel cell^[@CR52]^. In addition to that, the alloying effect also plays an important role in enhancing the HOR and ORR performance. ", "The bimetallic catalyst Pd-Co exhibits better catalytic activity by combining the catalytic properties of individual elements in a collective way which leads to more active surface than Pd alone^[@CR9]^. The MEA 3 prepared by using Pd~3~Co/NG as cathode and anode electrocatalyst showed maximum power density of 68 mW/cm^2^ at 60 °C, which was an appreciable power density in the absence of Pt. ", "This was the first attempt using Pd~3~Co/NG as the electrocatalyst at anode as well as cathode without using Pt. ", "Similarly MEA 4, MEA 5 and MEA 6 showed maximum power density of 195 mW/cm^2^, 158 mW/cm^2^ and 35 mW/cm^2^ respectively.", " Moreover, MEA 7, MEA 8 and MEA 9 displayed maximum power density of 232 mW/cm^2^, 129 mW/cm^2^ and 42 mW/cm^2^ for Pd~3~Co/G, respectively. ", "It can be seen that Pd~3~Co/NG exhibits more catalytic performance than Pd/NG and Pd~3~Co/G due to the synergetic effect of nitrogen doping and alloying resulting into the formation of more active surface, which was supported by cyclic voltammetry analysis. ", "The maximum power density obtained for different MEAs at 60 °C temperature is listed in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}.Table 1Maximum power density obtained for different MEA's at 60 °C temperature with Pt/C loading of 0.1 mg/cm^2^ and Pd~3~Co/NG (Pd/NG, Pd~3~Co/G) loading of 0.5 mg/cm^2^.Sl.", "No.", "MEAAnodeCathodeMaximum Power density at 60 °C (mW/cm^2^)1.MEA 1Pd~3~Co/NGPt/C2622.MEA 2Pt/CPd~3~Co/NG1893.MEA 3**Pd**~**3**~**Co**/**NGPd**~**3**~**Co**/**NG**684.MEA 4Pd/NGPt/C1955.MEA 5Pt/CPd/NG1586.MEA 6Pd/NGPd/NG357.MEA 7Pd~3~Co/GPt/C2328.MEA 8Pt/CPd~3~Co/G1299.MEA 9Pd~3~Co/GPd~3~Co/G42\n\nConclusion {#Sec3}\n==========\n\nIn summary, we have successfully synthesized Pd~3~Co/NG by a simple and single-step synthesis route. ", "Uniform dispersion of Pd-Co alloy nanoparticles has been achieved on NG through this method by incorporating nitrogen in graphene lattice and used as anode electrocatalyst, cathode electrocatalyst and as both in PEMFC. ", "Pd~3~Co/NG exhibits a good single cell performance due to the influence of nitrogen doping and the alloying effect of bimetallic catalysts. ", "As anode and cathode electrocatalyst, Pd~3~Co/NG in combination with Pt/C, reveals a maximum power density of 262 mW/cm^2^ and 189 mW/cm^2^ respectively at 60 °C without any backpressure. ", "RRDE results indicate that the ORR process catalyzed by Pd~3~Co/NG follows nearly a four-electron mechanism. ", "When used as anode as well as cathode electrocatalyst simultaneously with individual loading of 0.5 mg/cm^2^, the full cell with Pd~3~Co/NG yields a maximum power density of 68 mW/cm^2^ at 60 °C without any backpressure. ", "Thus the results suggest that Pt-free Pd~3~Co/NG holds a great application potential as a promising electrocatalyst in PEMFC due to the advantages of facile preparation and outstanding catalytic performance.", "\n\nMaterials and Methods {#Sec4}\n=====================\n\nMaterials {#Sec5}\n---------\n\nGraphite (99.9%) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich. ", "Sodium nitrate (NaNO~3~, 99.5%), potassium permanganate (KMnO~4~, 99.5%), concentrated sulphuric acid (H~2~SO~4~, 98%) were used for the synthesis of GO were procured from Rankem Chemicals. ", "Hydrogen peroxide (H~2~O~2~, 30%) was purchased from SD Fine-Chem Ltd, India. ", "Melamine (C~3~H~6~N~6~) was purchased from Himedia Laboratory Pvt. ", "Ltd India. ", "Palladium (II) chloride and cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate were procured from Sigma Aldrich. ", "Commercial Pt/C (Tanaka) and deionized (DI) water were used in the experiment.", "\n\nMaterial Synthesis {#Sec6}\n------------------\n\nGraphitic oxide was synthesized by Hummers method^[@CR53]^. The Hummers method is explained briefly as follows. ", "Graphite powder (2 g) was added into the beaker containing 46 ml of conc. ", "H~2~SO~4~ in an ice bath. ", "The oxidizing agents like NaNO~3~ (1 g) and KMnO~4~ (6 g) were added very slowly into it. ", "The above mixture was allowed to stir for 15 min. ", "The beaker was removed from the ice bath and kept it for stirring for another 45 min till it reaches the room temperature. ", "Then 92 ml of DI water was added in drops using dropper. ", "To the above mixture, 282 ml of warm DI water was added. ", "Finally, 12 ml of hydrogen peroxide was added into the beaker. ", "The final suspension was filtered and dried at 60 °C in vacuum oven to obtain GO.", "\n\nSingle-step reduction of Pd~3~Co/NG was prepared by the procedure as follows. ", "Melamine was used as the nitrogen source. ", "Required amount of GO and melamine (2:1 ratio) were dispersed in de-ionized water and ultrasonicated for 15 min to obtain the uniform mixture. ", "To the above suspension, 1 wt% solution of palladium (II) chloride (PdCl~2~) and cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl~2~.6H~2~O) were added dropwise. ", "The above suspension was allowed to stir for six hours. ", "The above mixture was dried in vacuum oven at 60 °C. ", "The dried sample was taken in a quartz boat and was placed at the centre of the tubular furnace in a quartz tube. ", "The furnace was flushed with Argon (Ar) gas for 10 min. ", "The furnace temperature was raised to 500 °C and the temperature was maintained for 30 minutes under hydrogen flow. ", "Then the sample was heated up to 700 °C and the temperature was maintained for 30 min under Ar flow. ", "Then the furnace was allowed to cool to room temperature and the resulting sample was labeled as Pd~3~Co/NG. ", "Similarly, Pd/NG and Pd~3~Co/G was prepared for comparison in the above-mentioned method.", "\n\nCharacterizations {#Sec7}\n-----------------\n\nThe powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were obtained using Rigaku X-ray diffractometer with X-ray source of wavelength λ = 0.15406 nm at 40 kV voltage and 30 mA current. ", "The XRD data were recorded in the range of 2θ values from 5° to 90° in step size of 0.016°. ", "The Raman spectra were recorded with WITec alpha 300 Confocal Raman spectrometer using Nd:YAG laser as excitation source of wavelength 532 nm. ", "The morphology of the synthesized sample was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, FEI Quanta 200) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Technai G-20). ", "The sample preparation for TEM was done by ultrasonicating the sample in ethanol and drop casted over carbon coated 200 mesh copper grid. ", "Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the synthesized sample was carried out using SDTQ600 TA instruments from room temperature to 1000 °C with a heating rate of 20 °C min^−1^ in zero air atmosphere. ", "The oxidation state of the elements of the sample was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy carried out using SPECS instrument and PHOIBOS 100MCD as the analyzer.", "\n\nElectrochemical Measurements {#Sec8}\n----------------------------\n\nElectrochemical characterization studies were carried out in 0.5 M H~2~SO~4~ electrolyte. ", "Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements in nitrogen atmosphere were carried out in BioLogic science instruments using an electrochemical cell, which consists of a reference electrode, a counter electrode and a working electrode. ", "Platinum wire was used as counter electrode and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as reference electrode. ", "The working electrode used was a glassy carbon disk on a Teflon cylinder into which electrocatalyst slurry was drop casted. ", "Before drop casting the slurry, glassy carbon electrode was polished with 0.05 μm alumina paste. ", "The electrocatalyst slurry was prepared by ultrasonicating 3.5 mg of sample in 170 μl of DI water and 6 μl of 5 wt% Nafion solution for 30 min. ", "After that, the required amount of slurry was drop casted on the glassy carbon electrode and allowed to dry at room temperature. ", "The RRDE with glassy carbon disk and a Pt ring was used as the working electrode to investigate the ORR activity of the prepared catalyst using BioLogic science instruments. ", "The catalyst preparation method for RRDE was same as the preparation for CV measurement.", "\n\nThe single cell measurement was carried out with the preparation of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). ", "The MEA was fabricated according to the method described below. ", "The MEA was prepared by sandwiching a Nafion membrane between the anode and the cathode. ", "The electrocatalysts were prepared by brush coating the electrocatalyst ink over the gas diffusion layer (GDL), one-sided teflonized carbon cloth (Nickunj Eximp Entp Pvt Ltd, India). ", "The electrocatalyst ink was prepared by ultrasonicating the required amount of electrocatalyst in the mixture of deionized (DI) water, isopropyl alcohol and 5 wt% Nafion solution. ", "The effective electrode area was 11.56 cm^2^. The Nafion 212 membrane was pretreated before using in MEA fabrication. ", "The membrane was first heated with 3% H~2~O~2~ for 1 h at 80 °C. ", "After reaching room temperature, the membrane was washed thoroughly with DI water. ", "Then, it was heated with 1 M H~2~SO~4~ at 80 °C for 1 h and washed with DI water. ", "Finally, the MEA was prepared by sandwiching Nafion 212 membrane between the anode and the cathode by hot pressing at 130 °C, 1 ton pressure for 4 min.", "\n\nThe single cell measurement was carried out in TELEDYNE MEDUSA^TM^ RD fuel cell test station. ", "Graphite flow field plates with serpentine geometry were used for assembling the MEA. ", "To control the hydrogen and oxygen gases in anode and cathode side the mass flow controllers were used. ", "The humidifiers were provided to maintain humidification for the incoming gases to the electrodes. ", "The humidified gases were fed to the electrodes with a flow rate of 50 sccm.", "\n\nElectronic supplementary material\n=================================\n\n {#Sec9}\n\nSupplementary Information\n\n**Electronic supplementary material**\n\n**Supplementary information** accompanies this paper at 10.1038/s41598-018-22001-9.", "\n\n**Publisher\\'s note:** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.", "\n\nAuthors wish to thank AOARD, US and Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India for supporting this work.", "\n\nPriji Chandran carried out the experimental work and wrote the main manuscript text. ", "Arpita Ghosh did the XPS and EIS measurements. ", "Ramaprabhu Sundara designed the experiments and corrected & reviewed the manuscript.", "\n\nCompeting Interests {#FPar1}\n===================\n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Evaluating the AWARE Inventory as a measure of relationship factors among a sample of high school students.", "\nThe Awareness of Attitudes and Relationship Expectations (AWARE) Inventory was administered to 160 high school students in Wyoming. ", "Factor analysis showed the inventory did not have the expected 11 dimensional factor structure. ", "Most of the intended 10-item scales yielded unacceptably low estimates of internal consistency reliability. ", "Through an iterative process, one internally consistent scale of 17 items (alpha = .80) was derived. ", "Researchers should be careful to evaluate the AWARE Inventory with their own samples before proceeding under an assumption that its scales reliably assess the 11 dimensions expected." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0005765837267972529, 0.0005814686883240938, 0.0005906487931497395, 0.000653221330139786, 0.0005481988191604614, 0.0005279218312352896 ]

[ "/*\n Simple DirectMedia Layer\n Copyright (C) 1997-2018 Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org>\n\n This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied\n warranty. ", " In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages\n arising from the use of this software.", "\n\n Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,\n including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it\n freely, subject to the following restrictions:\n\n 1. ", "The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not\n claim that you wrote the original software. ", "If you use this software\n in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be\n appreciated but is not required.", "\n 2. ", "Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be\n misrepresented as being the original software.", "\n 3. ", "This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.", "\n*/\n#include \"../../SDL_internal.h\"\n\n#ifndef SDL_windowsvideo_h_\n#define SDL_windowsvideo_h_\n\n#include \"../../core/windows/SDL_windows.h\"\n\n#include \"../SDL_sysvideo.h\"\n\n#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1500)\n#include <msctf.h>\n#else\n#include \"SDL_msctf.h\"\n#endif\n\n#include <imm.h>\n\n#define MAX_CANDLIST 10\n#define MAX_CANDLENGTH 256\n\n#include \"SDL_windowsclipboard.h\"\n#include \"SDL_windowsevents.h\"\n#include \"SDL_windowskeyboard.h\"\n#include \"SDL_windowsmodes.h\"\n#include \"SDL_windowsmouse.h\"\n#include \"SDL_windowsopengl.h\"\n#include \"SDL_windowsopengles.h\"\n#include \"SDL_windowswindow.h\"\n#include \"SDL_events.h\"\n#include \"SDL_loadso.h\"\n\n\n#if WINVER < 0x0601\n/* Touch input definitions */\n#define TWF_FINETOUCH 1\n#define TWF_WANTPALM 2\n\n#define TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE 0x0001\n#define TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN 0x0002\n#define TOUCHEVENTF_UP 0x0004\n\nDECLARE_HANDLE(HTOUCHINPUT);\n\ntypedef struct _TOUCHINPUT {\n LONG x;\n LONG y;\n HANDLE hSource;\n DWORD dwID;\n DWORD dwFlags;\n DWORD dwMask;\n DWORD dwTime;\n ULONG_PTR dwExtraInfo;\n DWORD cxContact;\n DWORD cyContact;\n} TOUCHINPUT, *PTOUCHINPUT;\n\n#endif /* WINVER < 0x0601 */\n\n#if WINVER < 0x0603\n\ntypedef enum MONITOR_DPI_TYPE {\n MDT_EFFECTIVE_DPI = 0,\n MDT_ANGULAR_DPI = 1,\n MDT_RAW_DPI = 2,\n MDT_DEFAULT = MDT_EFFECTIVE_DPI\n} MONITOR_DPI_TYPE;\n\n#endif /* WINVER < 0x0603 */\n\ntypedef BOOL (*PFNSHFullScreen)(HWND, DWORD);\ntypedef void (*PFCoordTransform)(SDL_Window*, POINT*);\n\ntypedef struct\n{\n void **lpVtbl;\n int refcount;\n void *data;\n} TSFSink;\n\n/* Definition from Win98DDK version of IMM.H */\ntypedef struct tagINPUTCONTEXT2 {\n HWND hWnd;\n BOOL fOpen;\n POINT ptStatusWndPos;\n POINT ptSoftKbdPos;\n DWORD fdwConversion;\n DWORD fdwSentence;\n union {\n LOGFONTA A;\n LOGFONTW W;\n } lfFont;\n COMPOSITIONFORM cfCompForm;\n CANDIDATEFORM cfCandForm[4];\n HIMCC hCompStr;\n HIMCC hCandInfo;\n HIMCC hGuideLine;\n HIMCC hPrivate;\n DWORD dwNumMsgBuf;\n HIMCC hMsgBuf;\n DWORD fdwInit;\n DWORD dwReserve[3];\n} INPUTCONTEXT2, *PINPUTCONTEXT2, NEAR *NPINPUTCONTEXT2, FAR *LPINPUTCONTEXT2;\n\n/* Private display data */\n\ntypedef struct SDL_VideoData\n{\n int render;\n\n DWORD clipboard_count;\n\n /* Touch input functions */\n void* userDLL;\n BOOL (WINAPI *CloseTouchInputHandle)( HTOUCHINPUT );\n BOOL (WINAPI *GetTouchInputInfo)( HTOUCHINPUT, UINT, PTOUCHINPUT, int );\n BOOL (WINAPI *RegisterTouchWindow)( HWND, ULONG );\n\n void* shcoreDLL;\n HRESULT (WINAPI *GetDpiForMonitor)( HMONITOR hmonitor,\n MONITOR_DPI_TYPE dpiType,\n UINT *dpiX,\n UINT *dpiY );\n \n SDL_bool ime_com_initialized;\n struct ITfThreadMgr *ime_threadmgr;\n SDL_bool ime_initialized;\n SDL_bool ime_enabled;\n SDL_bool ime_available;\n HWND ime_hwnd_main;\n HWND ime_hwnd_current;\n HIMC ime_himc;\n\n WCHAR ime_composition[SDL_TEXTEDITINGEVENT_TEXT_SIZE];\n WCHAR ime_readingstring[16];\n int ime_cursor;\n\n SDL_bool ime_candlist;\n WCHAR ime_candidates[MAX_CANDLIST][MAX_CANDLENGTH];\n DWORD ime_candcount;\n DWORD ime_candref;\n DWORD ime_candsel;\n UINT ime_candpgsize;\n int ime_candlistindexbase;\n SDL_bool ime_candvertical;\n\n SDL_bool ime_dirty;\n SDL_Rect ime_rect;\n SDL_Rect ime_candlistrect;\n int ime_winwidth;\n int ime_winheight;\n\n HKL ime_hkl;\n void* ime_himm32;\n UINT (WINAPI *GetReadingString)(HIMC himc, UINT uReadingBufLen, LPWSTR lpwReadingBuf, PINT pnErrorIndex, BOOL *pfIsVertical, PUINT puMaxReadingLen);\n BOOL (WINAPI *ShowReadingWindow)(HIMC himc, BOOL bShow);\n LPINPUTCONTEXT2 (WINAPI *ImmLockIMC)(HIMC himc);\n BOOL (WINAPI *ImmUnlockIMC)(HIMC himc);\n LPVOID (WINAPI *ImmLockIMCC)(HIMCC himcc);\n BOOL (WINAPI *ImmUnlockIMCC)(HIMCC himcc);\n\n SDL_bool ime_uiless;\n struct ITfThreadMgrEx *ime_threadmgrex;\n DWORD ime_uielemsinkcookie;\n DWORD ime_alpnsinkcookie;\n DWORD ime_openmodesinkcookie;\n DWORD ime_convmodesinkcookie;\n TSFSink *ime_uielemsink;\n TSFSink *ime_ippasink;\n} SDL_VideoData;\n\nextern SDL_bool g_WindowsEnableMessageLoop;\nextern SDL_bool g_WindowFrameUsableWhileCursorHidden;\n\ntypedef struct IDirect3D9 IDirect3D9;\nextern SDL_bool D3D_LoadDLL( void **pD3DDLL, IDirect3D9 **pDirect3D9Interface );\n\n#endif /* SDL_windowsvideo_h_ */\n\n/* vi: set ts=4 sw=4 expandtab: */\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0006096836877986789, 0.0007556151249445975, 0.0005850763409398496, 0.0006584872025996447, 0.0005297904717735946, 0.001185585861094296, 0.0005839179502800107, 0.00117425003554672, 0.0006025594193488359, 0.0020865052938461304 ]

[ "Guidance for in situ gamma spectrometry intercomparison based on the information obtained through five intercomparisons during the Fukushima mapping project.", "\nFive intercomparisons of in situ gamma spectrometry by 6-7 participating teams were conducted between December 2011 and August 2015 at sites in Fukushima Prefecture that were affected by the fallout from the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011. ", "The evaluated deposition densities agreed within 5% and 4% in terms of the coefficient of variation for radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) and 40K, respectively, and the ratio of 134Cs/137Cs in deposition density agreed within 1% in terms of the coefficient of variation, by our best achievement through five intercomparisons. ", "Two different methods for intercomparison were conducted: 1) simultaneous measurements in a narrow area within a 3 m radius; and 2) sequential measurements at an identical point. ", "In a comparison between the two methods at a site where radiocesium was almost homogeneously distributed, no significant difference was observed between the results. ", "The guidance for intercomparison method was proposed based on our experience, and are expected to be used effectively to ensure the reliability of in situ spectrometry." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0005930574843659997, 0.0006052528624422848, 0.0005548713961616158, 0.0005576781113632023, 0.0005486219306476414, 0.0005310443229973316 ]

[ "The Ministry of communications purchased computers Russian processors “Elbrus” on 80 million roubles\n\nThe Ministry of communications decided on by the supplier and the contract price relative to the “hardware” for passport-visa documents of new generation. ", "The company “Elbrus-2000” will supply equipment on the basis of processors “Elbrus-4C” in the amount of 80 million rubles.", "\n\nThe Ministry of communications will utilize the state system of manufacturing, registration and control passport-visa documents of computers for domestic processors “Elbrus”, paying 80,9 mln. ", "In ended last week the tender for the supply of this “iron” with the starting price of the contract at 82.2 million rubles, the winner was the company “Elbrus-2000”.", "\n\nAccording to Cnews, in the tender documents no direct reference to the Elbrus processors, however, in favor of the version about what they will build servers and automated work places (AWP) for the said several facts.", "\n\nIn the terms of reference of the Ministry of communications has a section “the relevance of delivery of the goods” with reference to a policy of import substitution. ", "In the section on specific requirements to processors, the need to use the chips “architecture is VLIW with an explicit concurrency control teams.” ", "With such a family includes solutions from Intel, AMD, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Transmeta, Tilera and Dutch Philips. “", "The sanctions net” against this background, can only be considered Russian family processors “Elbrus”, developed by MCST and the Institute of electronic control machines them. ", "I. S. Bruk.", "\n\nThe tender winner company “Elbrus-2000” — database to the and “Circuit.focus”, with both of these organizations is linked through its former shareholders.", "\n\nSpecified in the TOR case marked “1600L HFCBGA” have the processors “Elbrus-4C”. “", "Yes, indeed, planned that the servers and workstation are on the processors “Elbrus-4C”,” confirmed the representative of the “Elbrus-2000” Sergey royko.", "\n\n“Elbrus-4C” is a 64 — bit universal microprocessor. ", "It contains 4 cores running at 800 MHz, supports three channels of DDR3-1600. ", "It also supports combining up to four chips in a multiprocessor system with shared memory. ", "The processor is manufactured with technology to 65 nanometers, the average power consumption is 45 Watts.", "\n\nFor one clock cycle that each CPU core can perform 23 operations. ", "The underlying operating system processor is OS “Elbrus”, built on the basis of Linux kernel version 2.6.33. ", "It includes a package Manager and more than 3 thousand software packages from the distribution Debian 5.0.", "\n\nThere is a complete set of developer tools, which includes optimizing compilers for high-level languages “C”, “C++”, “Fortran-77 and Fortran-90”, a debugger, a Profiler, and a library of mathematical functions and signal processing.", "\n\nRelated Posts\n\n“My curve and ugly”, “the IPhone is an expensive and pretentious”. ", "Came to the store, look in the window, the seller does not believe, what to buy is not know. ", "In the last article MacDigger considered 10 advantages of the devices operating system from Apple. ", "Now came the turn of the Google platform, which also […]\n\n“Mail of Russia” has launched a new service Package and Courier online, which mean cheap delivery guaranteed in time. ", "This is stated in the statement of the press service of the Ministry of communications and mass communications of Russia. ", "Deputy Minister of Russia Mikhail Deputy Minister noted that the launch of new products and services […]\n\nIn February, network sources reported Apple’s plans to abandon the Lightning interface, replacing it with a USB type-C in the new generation iPhone. ", "Experts say Barclays, citing sources in the supply chain of electronics that the company will retain the Lightning connector and will continue to match your phone with adapter to connect standard 3.5 […]" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005857883370481431, 0.000653018185403198, 0.0006001887959428132, 0.0007446272647939622, 0.000560706714168191, 0.0005252107512205839, 0.0005650731036439538, 0.0006027101771906018, 0.0006118851015344262, 0.010780788026750088, 0.0005317285540513694, 0.0007993212202563882, 0.000567914335988462, 0.0012182710925117135, 0.0006680160295218229, 0.0006515206187032163, 0.0005943329306319356, 0.0006409470806829631, 0.0006916670245118439, 0.000646523607429117, 0.000625585438683629, 0.17646987736225128, 0.0009401992429047823, 0.0006718375370837748, 0.0006324101705104113, 0.0005445037968456745, 0.0005559208802878857, 0.0006434693932533264 ]

[ "/*\n * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more\n * contributor license agreements. ", " See the NOTICE file distributed with\n * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.", "\n * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0\n * (the \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance with\n * the License. ", " You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n */\npackage org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.composite;\n\nimport org.apache.jackrabbit.api.stats.", "TimeSeries;\nimport org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.commons.", "PathUtils;\nimport org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.mount.", "Mount;\nimport org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.stats.", "CounterStats;\nimport org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.stats.", "HistogramStats;\nimport org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.stats.", "StatisticsProvider;\nimport org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.stats.", "StatsOptions;\n\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "CompositeData;\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "CompositeDataSupport;\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "CompositeType;\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "OpenDataException;\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "OpenType;\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "SimpleType;\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "TabularData;\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "TabularDataSupport;\nimport javax.management.openmbean.", "TabularType;\n\nimport java.util.", "Comparator;\nimport java.util.", "Iterator;\nimport java.util.", "Map;\nimport java.util.", "Map.", "Entry;\n\nimport static com.google.common.collect.", "Maps.newHashMap;\nimport static org.apache.jackrabbit.stats.", "TimeSeriesStatsUtil.asCompositeData;\n\npublic class CompositeNodeStoreStats implements CompositeNodeStoreStatsMBean, CompositeNodeStoreMonitor {\n\n public static final String STRING_CACHE_SIZE = \"STRING_CACHE_SIZE\";\n\n public static final String NODE_PATH_DEPTH = \"_PATH_DEPTH\";\n\n public static final String NODE_SWITCH_TO_DEFAULT_MOUNT = \"_SWITCH_TO_DEFAULT_MOUNT\";\n\n public static final String NODE_SWITCH_TO_NON_DEFAULT_MOUNT = \"_SWITCH_TO_NON_DEFAULT_MOUNT\";\n\n private final StatisticsProvider statisticsProvider;\n\n private final CounterStats stringCacheSize;\n\n private final HistogramStats nodePathDepths;\n\n private final CounterStats nodeSwitchToDefaultMount;\n\n private final CounterStats nodeSwitchToNonDefaultMount;\n\n private final Map<String, Long> nodePathCounts;\n\n private long maxNodePathCount;\n\n private final long nodePathCountSizeLimit;\n\n private final long nodePathCountValueLimit;\n\n private final boolean countPaths;\n\n private final String prefix;\n\n public CompositeNodeStoreStats(StatisticsProvider statisticsProvider, String prefix, boolean countPaths) {\n this(statisticsProvider, prefix, countPaths, 100, Long.", "MAX_VALUE / 2);\n }\n\n public CompositeNodeStoreStats(StatisticsProvider statisticsProvider, String prefix, boolean countPaths, long nodePathCountSizeLimit, long nodePathCountValueLimit) {\n this.statisticsProvider = statisticsProvider;\n\n this.stringCacheSize = statisticsProvider.getCounterStats(prefix + STRING_CACHE_SIZE, StatsOptions.", "DEFAULT);\n this.nodePathDepths = statisticsProvider.getHistogram(prefix + NODE_PATH_DEPTH, StatsOptions.", "METRICS_ONLY);\n\n this.nodeSwitchToDefaultMount = statisticsProvider.getCounterStats(prefix + NODE_SWITCH_TO_DEFAULT_MOUNT, StatsOptions.", "DEFAULT);\n this.nodeSwitchToNonDefaultMount = statisticsProvider.getCounterStats(prefix + NODE_SWITCH_TO_NON_DEFAULT_MOUNT, StatsOptions.", "DEFAULT);\n\n this.nodePathCounts = newHashMap();\n this.maxNodePathCount = 0;\n\n this.countPaths = countPaths;\n this.nodePathCountSizeLimit = nodePathCountSizeLimit;\n this.nodePathCountValueLimit = nodePathCountValueLimit;\n\n this.prefix = prefix;\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onCreateNodeObject(String path) {\n nodePathDepths.update(PathUtils.getDepth(path));\n if (countPaths) {\n updatePathCount(path);\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onSwitchNodeToNative(Mount mount) {\n if (mount.isDefault()) {\n nodeSwitchToDefaultMount.inc();\n } else {\n nodeSwitchToNonDefaultMount.inc();\n }\n }\n\n @Override\n public void onAddStringCacheEntry() {\n stringCacheSize.inc();\n }\n\n @Override\n public CompositeData getStringCacheSize() {\n return getCompositeData(STRING_CACHE_SIZE);\n }\n\n @Override\n public CompositeData getNodeSwitchToDefaultMount() {\n return getCompositeData(NODE_SWITCH_TO_DEFAULT_MOUNT);\n }\n\n @Override\n public CompositeData getNodeSwitchToNonDefaultMount() {\n return getCompositeData(NODE_SWITCH_TO_NON_DEFAULT_MOUNT);\n }\n\n private CompositeData getCompositeData(String name) {\n return asCompositeData(getTimeSeries(prefix + name), prefix + name);\n }\n\n @Override\n public TabularData getNodePathCounts() throws OpenDataException {\n return pathsTable(nodePathCounts, \"popularNodeStatePaths\", \"Popular node state paths\");\n }\n\n private TimeSeries getTimeSeries(String name) {\n return statisticsProvider.getStats().getTimeSeries(name, true);\n }\n\n private synchronized void updatePathCount(String path) {\n long newValue = nodePathCounts.compute(path, (p, v) -> v == null ? ", "1 : v + 1);\n boolean removeZeros = false;\n if (newValue == 1) {\n if (nodePathCounts.size() >= nodePathCountSizeLimit) {\n nodePathCounts.entrySet().stream().forEach(e -> nodePathCounts.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue() - 1));\n maxNodePathCount--;\n removeZeros = true;\n }\n }\n if (maxNodePathCount < newValue) {\n maxNodePathCount = newValue;\n if (maxNodePathCount >= nodePathCountValueLimit) {\n nodePathCounts.entrySet().stream().forEach(e -> nodePathCounts.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue() / 2));\n maxNodePathCount /= 2;\n removeZeros = true;\n }\n }\n\n if (removeZeros) {\n Iterator<Long> it = nodePathCounts.values().iterator();\n while (it.hasNext()) {\n if (it.next() <= 0) {\n it.remove();\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n private TabularData pathsTable(Map<String, Long> paths, String name, String description) throws OpenDataException {\n CompositeType pathRowType = new CompositeType(\"compositePath\", \"Path\",\n new String[]{\"count\", \"path\"},\n new String[]{\"count\", \"path\"},\n new OpenType[]{SimpleType.", "LONG, SimpleType.", "STRING});\n\n\n TabularDataSupport tabularData = new TabularDataSupport(\n new TabularType(name,\n description,\n pathRowType,\n new String[]{\"path\"}\n ));\n\n paths.entrySet()\n .stream()\n .sorted(Comparator.<Entry<String, Long>>comparingLong(Entry::getValue).reversed())\n .map(e -> {\n Map<String, Object> m = newHashMap();\n m.put(\"count\", e.getValue());\n m.put(\"path\", e.getKey());\n return m;\n })\n .map(d -> mapToCompositeData(pathRowType, d))\n .forEach(tabularData::put);\n\n return tabularData;\n }\n\n private static CompositeData mapToCompositeData(CompositeType compositeType, Map<String, Object> data) {\n try {\n return new CompositeDataSupport(compositeType, data);\n } catch (OpenDataException e) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);\n }\n }\n\n Map<String, Long> getNodePathCountsMap() {\n return nodePathCounts;\n }\n\n long getMaxNodePathCount() {\n return maxNodePathCount;\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Robert Pardee's vehicle was stopped by an Iowa state trooper over a busted taillight. ", "After a search turned up trace amounts of marijuana, Pardee was charged with possession. ", "A criminal court eventually found him innocent of any wrongdoing. ", "So why do the police get to keep the $30,100 they confiscated from him?", "\n\nThe answer is civil forfeiture, of course. ", "Even though a criminal court acquitted Pardee, a civil court ruled—under a much lower burden of proof—that it was more likely than not he had acquired the cash through illegal means.", "\n\nThe Institute for Justice's Nick Sibilla wrote about the case for Forbes:\n\nIowa State troopers can keep more than $30,000 in cash taken during a traffic stop, even though the owner was found not guilty, the Iowa Court of Appeals ruled last week. ", "In June 2012, Robert Pardee was riding in a car through Powesheik County, Iowa on I-80, when an Iowa State trooper pulled the driver over for a non-working taillight and tailgating. ", "During the stop, state troopers found \"a small amount of marijuana\" and $33,100 in cash. ", "Pardee was arrested and charged with possessing cannabis. ", "In Iowa, first-time offenders can face up to six months in jail and/or $1,000 in fines. ", "One year later, a district court found him not guilty. ", "As the criminal case proceeded against Pardee, the state also filed a civil forfeiture case against his seized cash. ", "Despite his acquittal, first the district court and then the Iowa Court of Appeals ordered Pardee to forfeit his cash to the state.", "\n\nThe text of the court's decision includes additional details about the search of Pardee's vehicle, which was partly based on the officer's judgment that Pardee's actions were \"inconsistent with the motoring public.\" ", "But the search isn't really the issue: After all, Pardee was found innocent of the crime that stemmed from it.", "\n\nBut even though the government lost in criminal court, it won in civil court. ", "And so a legally-innocent man's $30,000 is forfeit. ", "Like most states, Iowa has laws on the books that allow cops to keep the money they confiscate during the course of investigations—creating perverse incentives for law enforcement to grab as much cash as possible, secure in the knowledge that it's very tough for citizens to win back their property.", "\n\nMore from Reason on asset forfeiture here." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0009863056475296617, 0.0024275295436382294, 0.001346626435406506, 0.0012261886149644852, 0.0014390175929293036, 0.000723578967154026, 0.0006062337197363377, 0.0006639203056693077, 0.0008244396303780377, 0.001074967673048377, 0.023188071325421333, 0.0010979347862303257, 0.0008209613733924925, 0.0013529686257243156, 0.0005760319763794541, 0.0006891930243000388, 0.0007446776726283133, 0.02145480178296566, 0.0008300422341562808, 0.0012381314300000668 ]

[ "Giant clams are known in various tropical areas of the world such as the Australian Great Barrier Reef area and are recognised as forming part of the ecosystem of these areas. ", "The numbers of giant clams are however decreasing due to commercial harvesting of the giant clams (often illegally) in order to satisfy the market for the flesh of the giant clam. ", "To overcome this problem attempts have been made at the commercial farming of giant clams but such attempts have not always been successful due to the sensitivity of the clam, the difficulty of obtaining fertilized eggs, and the difficulty of raising juvenile clams from the fertilized egg stage. ", "The clams are very sensitive to factors such as thermal shock and the fertilized eggs and/or juvenile clams can be attacked by various predators such as zoeplancta." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0006105256616137922, 0.0012945615453645587, 0.000816397659946233, 0.001264261780306697 ]

[ "While you sometimes feel good about yourself, you tend to struggle a little with self esteem issues.", "It's not about changing who you are, it's about accepting your faults. ", "You just need to be less critical and demanding of yourself!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0025933575816452503, 0.06007666885852814, 0.015402748249471188 ]

[ "Born inside Samuel Adams' nano brewery in Boston, their all new New England IPA is a medium-bodied, hazy brew with a sweetness that is perfectly balanced by a pineapple and grapefruit hop character. ", "This unfiltered IPA packs a big punch of citrus juiciness and leaves drinkers wanting another sip.", "\n\nSam Adams New England IPA is made to drank fresh, so be sure to track it down and crack it open as soon as possible. ", "Do so and you will be rewarded. ", "Check-in to three (3) New England IPAs from Sam Adams between December 20th - February 20th and you'll unlock the \"Sam Adams NEIPA\" badge! ", "In addition, if you live in the Boston area, you'll be entered to win two tickets to the exclusive Samuel Adams Bier Keller tour experience at the Boston Brewery, and a $50 gift card to the Brewery Shop.", "\n\nLearn more about this latest creation from Sam Adams over at samueladams.com and be sure to connect on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram!" ]

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[ "The RecQ helicase family is a group of highly conserved DNA unwinding enzymes critical in guarding genome stability in all kingdoms of life. ", "Human RecQ homologs include RECQ1, BLM, WRN, RECQL4, and RECQ5. ", "Although the five human RecQ proteins are similar in their catalytic core and share certain biochemical properties in vitro, they are clearly not redundant. ", "Mutations in BLM, WRN and RecQ4 are associated with distinct genetic disorders of Bloom, Werner, and Rothmund-Thomson syndromes, respectively. ", "Thus, a defect in one RecQ protein is sufficient to cause genomic instability that cannot be compensated by other RecQ homologs. ", "However, what makes each RecQ protein unique is not understood. ", "Dissecting the functions of each human RecQ helicase, and comparing the similarities and differences among them, will reveal which aspects of RecQ functions in DNA metabolism are essential for genome maintenance. ", "The goal of this proposal is to examine molecular functions of RECQ1, the most abundant but least characterized human RecQ helicase homolog. ", "Recently, we have shown that RECQ1 is essential for genome stability maintenance; its deficiency induces accumulation of DNA damage and chromosomal instability. ", "RECQ1 binds and unwinds DNA structures that represent intermediates of DNA recombination repair, and interacts physically and functionally with proteins involved in regulating genetic recombination. ", "Moreover, RECQ1-deficient cells are more sensitive to DNA damage and display spontaneously elevated sister chromatid exchanges reminiscent of aberrant repair of stalled replication forks. ", "We hypothesize that RECQ1 plays critical roles in ensuring genome stability by virtue of its catalytic actions and specific interactions with cellular protein partners. ", "To test this hypothesis, we are proposing systematic analyses of the biochemical and cellular characteristics of RECQ1. ", "We will elucidate how biochemical activities of RECQ1 allow it to achieve its putative functions in genome stability maintenance by: 1) elucidating role(s) of RECQ1 in DNA repair pathways of genome stability maintenance; 2) determining critical amino acid residues of RECQ1 essential for specific catalytic and cellular functions; and 3) identifying novel protein interactions of RECQ1 using unbiased biochemical approaches and investing their functional significance. ", "Results from these studies will be important to establish biological roles of RECQ1. ", "This should facilitate dissecting the molecular details that explain similarities and differences in the biological functions of human RecQ helicases in pathways of genome stability maintenance to prevent cancer and premature aging." ]

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[ "[Verse 1 - Cassidy]\nLook, homes behave, or get cut wit ya own blade\nThe chrome raise, put ya guts on ya own leg\nNigga I'm sicker then full-blown aids\nAnd my block got more rocks, then the Stone Age\nYou been afraid, you sweet like homemade\nLemonade, if it's beef, then the chrome blaze\nYou could make the newspaper, get ya own page\nAnd make the news too, you know how my dudes do\nWe wear masks so you can't tell, who's who\nAnd for the cash, we'll blast at you dudes too\nWit the lead pipe, so get ya head right\nI'm in the Benz, rims, spin at the red light\nI'm comin for cash, gun in the dash\nAnd I'm on 21 and a half's (for real cannon)\nI got my gat, I ain't walkin without it\nAnd I c*** and clap, you just talkin about it, nigga\n\nNiggaz is fly now, and everybody livin a lie now\nBut shit feel different wit a gun in ya eyebrow\nNo fuckin wit the Holiday Styles kid\nBlow wit a ton of guns, and he got a hell of an outbid\nLike Cosby in the hood, I knock the jelatin out shit\nOrgans on the floor of the van\nCause you gotta show these faggot motherfuckas, that you more of a man\nY'all wanna fly like Mike... Motherfuckas\nSo they won't find you, or your Jordans again\nTake a boss to be ordered the men, give them a call\nIf you don't have my money, in 24 hours\nThen the cocksucka won't see his daughter again\nIt's like the movie that you seen, I'm the star of the screen\nI got a roll for you to play... Stand here\nAnd take six to the face, I dug a hole for you today\nHoliday Styles, killin 20 soldiers in a day, what\n\n[Chorus:]\n\n[Verse 3 - Cassidy]\nAyo I use to pitch nicks, now I spit rhymes\nI'ma get mine, legit, or the quick grind\nShit my whole clique commit crimes\nDid time, been on the strip and grip nines\nBut I swear to you motherfuckas\nI got my gun right here, I ain't scared of you motherfuckas\nI'm a hustler, plus a check cutter\nI stretch butter, in?? ", "X, now that's gutter\nI came for war, you know what them thangs is for\nSlug make ya blood stain the floor\nIt ain't a game no more, niggaz gon' respect me\nI grip gats, that kick back like Jet Li\nSo don't test me, or the boy S. P\nCause I ain't tryna get no fuckin blood, on my fresh tee\nYou don't impress me, stop that cannon\nCause you could get rocked, when I pop that cannon" ]

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[ "set enable_seqscan=off;\n\nCREATE TABLE test_varbit (\n\ti varbit\n);\n\nINSERT INTO test_varbit VALUES ('001'),('010'),('011'),('100'),('101'),('110');\n\nCREATE INDEX idx_varbit ON test_varbit USING gin (i);\n\nSELECT * FROM test_varbit WHERE i<'100'::varbit ORDER BY i;\nSELECT * FROM test_varbit WHERE i<='100'::varbit ORDER BY i;\nSELECT * FROM test_varbit WHERE i='100'::varbit ORDER BY i;\nSELECT * FROM test_varbit WHERE i>='100'::varbit ORDER BY i;\nSELECT * FROM test_varbit WHERE i>'100'::varbit ORDER BY i;\n" ]

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[ " 10-1140-cv\n Den Hollander v. Steinberg\n\n\n UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT\n\n SUMMARY ORDER\n\n RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. ", "CITATION TO A\n SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY\n FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. ", "WHEN\n CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE\n EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION\n “SUMMARY ORDER”). ", "A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY\n PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.", "\n\n 1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,\n 2 held at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse, 500 Pearl Street, in\n 3 the City of New York, on the 5th day of April, two thousand eleven.", "\n 4\n 5 PRESENT: JOSEPH M. McLAUGHLIN,\n 6 GERARD E. LYNCH,\n 7 Circuit Judges,\n 8 JED S. RAKOFF,*\n 9 District Judge.", "\n10 _____________________________________\n11\n12 ROY DEN HOLLANDER,\n13 Plaintiff-Appellant,\n14\n15 v. 10-1140-cv\n16\n17 PAUL STEINBERG,\n18 Defendant-Appellee,\n19\n20 JANE DOE, DEBORAH SWINDELLS DONOVAN,\n21 Defendants.", "\n22 _____________________________________\n23\n\n\n\n\n *\n Judge Jed S. Rakoff, of the United States District Court for the Southern District\n of New York, sitting by designation.", "\n\f 1 FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT: Roy Den Hollander, pro se, New York, NY.", "\n 2\n 3 FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLEE: No appearance. ", "See Fed. ", "R. App. ", "P. 31(c).", "\n\n 4 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District\n\n 5 of New York (Block, J.).", "\n\n 6 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,\n\n 7 AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.", "\n\n 8 Plaintiff-appellant Roy Den Hollander, an attorney proceeding pro se, appeals the\n\n 9 district court’s judgment in which it denied his motion for summary judgment and granted\n\n10 summary judgment sua sponte in favor of defendant-appellee Paul Steinberg. ", "We assume\n\n11 the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and\n\n12 the issues on appeal.", "\n\n13 This Court reviews orders granting summary judgment de novo to determine\n\n14 whether the district court properly concluded that no genuine issues of material fact\n\n15 remained and that the moving party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. ", "See\n\n16 Miller v. Wolpoff & Abramson, LLP, 321 F.3d 292, 300 (2d Cir. ", "2003). ", "Summary\n\n17 judgment is appropriate “[w]here the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational\n\n18 trier of fact to find for the non-moving party.” ", "Matsushita Elec. ", "Indus. ", "Co. v. Zenith\n\n19 Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986).", "\n\n20 Generally, in considering whether to grant summary judgment, the court must\n\n21 resolve all ambiguities and draw all inferences in favor of the nonmovant; the inferences\n\n22 to be drawn from the underlying facts revealed in materials such as affidavits, exhibits,\n\n 2\n\f 1 interrogatory answers, and depositions must be viewed in the light most favorable to the\n\n 2 nonmoving party. ", "See Nationwide Life Ins. ", "Co. v. Bankers Leasing Ass’n, 182 F.3d 157,\n\n 3 160 (2d Cir. ", "1999). ", "However, “[i]n considering whether to grant summary judgment\n\n 4 against the moving party sua sponte, the court is required to view the evidence in the\n\n 5 moving party’s favor.” ", "NetJets Aviation, Inc. v. LHC Commc’ns, LLC, 537 F.3d 168,\n\n 6 179 (2d Cir. ", "2008) (emphasis added).", "\n\n 7 This Court has explained: “While it is not necessarily reversible error in our\n\n 8 Circuit for a district court to grant summary judgment against the moving party without\n\n 9 notice or opportunity to defend, . . . ", "we have firmly discouraged the practice. . . . [", "G]rants\n\n10 of summary judgment without notice will be tolerated only in the absence of some\n\n11 indication that the moving party might otherwise bring forward evidence that would\n\n12 affect the . . . ", "determination . . . ", "when the facts before the district court were fully\n\n13 developed so that the moving party suffered no procedural prejudice.” ", "Bridgeway Corp.\n\n14 v. Citibank, 201 F.3d 134, 139 (2d Cir. ", "2000) (internal quotation marks and citations\n\n15 omitted; emphasis added).", "\n\n16 As an initial matter, we note that Bridgeway’s strict requirements for granting\n\n17 summary judgment sua sponte against a moving party who lacks “notice or opportunity to\n\n18 defend” do not apply to this case. ", "In November 2009, the district court issued an order\n\n19 that notified Den Hollander and the defendants that it intended to treat the defendants’\n\n20 filings as a motion for summary judgment, and the court specifically directed the parties\n\n21 to submit “all pertinent materials, . . . ", "including materials addressing whether the\n\n 3\n\f 1 defendants’ use of [Den Hollander]’s works is protected under the fair use doctrine.” ", "Den\n\n 2 Hollander therefore had notice and an opportunity to defend against the grounds upon\n\n 3 which the district court ultimately granted summary judgment against him and in favor of\n\n 4 Steinberg.", "\n\n 5 Den Hollander first argues that the district court erred by failing to address two\n\n 6 earlier instances of alleged copyright infringement by Steinberg. ", "A court of appeals\n\n 7 generally will not consider an issue raised for the first time on appeal. ", "See Singleton v.\n\n 8 Wulff, 428 U.S. 106, 120-21 (1976); Virgilio v. City of New York, 407 F.3d 105, 116 (2d\n\n 9 Cir. ", "2005). ", "The rule is not an absolute bar to raising new issues on appeal; the Court\n\n10 may, in its discretion, disregard the general rule when necessary to remedy manifest or\n\n11 obvious injustice. ", "See Thomas E. Hoar, Inc. v. Sara Lee Corp., 900 F.2d 522, 527 (2d\n\n12 Cir. ", "1990). ", "Although Den Hollander now claims that Steinberg committed copyright\n\n13 infringement by four distinct actions, Den Hollander framed his claims throughout the\n\n14 district court proceedings as based upon only the latter two of those actions. ", "Because he\n\n15 did not clearly present the two earlier instances to the district court, we decline to address\n\n16 them and find no reason to depart from the well-established rule that this Court will not\n\n17 consider issues raised for the first time on appeal. ", "See id.\n\n18 Next, Den Hollander argues that the district court relied upon inadmissible\n\n19 evidence, specifically, Steinberg’s statements in a November 2008 letter-motion and at\n\n20 oral argument. ", "However, the district court’s reliance upon the November 2008 letter-\n\n21 motion was minimal, and, in any event, Den Hollander himself submitted a copy of the\n\n 4\n\f 1 letter-motion as part of his exhibits in support of his motion for summary judgment; the\n\n 2 court did not err by relying on that document. ", "Furthermore, a review of the oral argument\n\n 3 transcript reveals that the district court primarily used the proceedings as an opportunity\n\n 4 to confirm the procedural posture in which Steinberg had submitted Den Hollander’s\n\n 5 essays to the state court – information that was not immediately obvious from the parties’\n\n 6 papers.", "\n\n 7 In addition, the district court’s findings about Steinberg’s purpose for submitting\n\n 8 the essays were based primarily upon Steinberg’s state court filings – documents that Den\n\n 9 Hollander had attached to his declaration in support of his own motion for summary\n\n10 judgment. ", "And although Den Hollander now claims that Steinberg made conflicting\n\n11 statements at oral argument, the transcript reveals that, when Steinberg finally gave\n\n12 answers that were consistent with the procedural postures Den Hollander described in his\n\n13 declaration, Den Hollander confirmed that those descriptions were accurate. ", "Thus, it is\n\n14 clear from the record that the district court’s decision to grant summary judgment sua\n\n15 sponte in favor of Steinberg was based on sufficient and competent evidence, about which\n\n16 there was no genuine dispute.", "\n\n17 Finally, we agree with the district court that summary judgment in favor of\n\n18 Steinberg was appropriate because his use of the essays constituted fair use. ", "See\n\n19 Hollander v. Swindells-Donovan, No. ", "08-cv-4045, 2010 WL 844588 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 11,\n\n20 2010). “[", "T]he determination of fair use is an open-ended and context-sensitive inquiry.”", "\n\n21 Blanch v. Koons, 467 F.3d 244, 251 (2d Cir. ", "2006). ", "An independent review of the record\n\n 5\n\f 1 in the present case makes clear that the district court properly applied the statutory factors\n\n 2 for fair use, and that no rational trier of fact could have found for Den Hollander.", "\n\n 3 The Copyright Act provides, in pertinent part:\n\n 4 In determining whether the use made of a work in any\n 5 particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall\n 6 include –\n 7 (1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether\n 8 such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit\n 9 educational purposes;\n10 (2) the nature of the copyrighted work;\n11 (3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in\n12 relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and\n13 (4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value\n14 of the copyrighted work.", "\n15\n16 17 U.S.C. § 107. ", "This is not an exhaustive list of factors a court may consider in\n\n17 determining whether a particular use was a fair use. ", "Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.,\n\n18 510 U.S. 569, 577 (1994). ", "Also, the four factors should not “be treated in isolation, one\n\n19 from another. ", "All are to be explored, and the results weighed together, in light of the\n\n20 purposes of copyright.” ", "Id. at 578. ", "Taken together, the factors vitiate Den Hollander’s\n\n21 claim.", "\n\n22 As to the first statutory factor, Steinberg used Den Hollander’s essays in the course\n\n23 of two judicial proceedings. ", "The “purpose and character” of that use was not commercial,\n\n24 but rather part of a litigation strategy. ", "See 17 U.S.C. § 107(1). ", "In the Note accompanying\n\n25 § 107, Congress listed numerous examples of “the sort of activities the courts might\n\n26 regard as fair use under the circumstances,” including “reproduction of a work in\n\n27 legislative or judicial proceedings or reports.” ", "House Committee on the Judiciary, H.R.\n\n 6\n\f 1 Rep. No. ", "94-1476 (1976). ", "Here, Steinberg reproduced Den Hollander’s essays “in . . .", "\n\n 2 judicial proceedings.” ", "Id.\n\n 3 As to the second statutory factor, “the nature of the copyrighted work,” 107 U.S.C.\n\n 4 § 107(2), Den Hollander claims that the district court should not have characterized his\n\n 5 essays as “published” simply because he posted them temporarily on his website. ", "It is\n\n 6 true that “the scope of fair use is narrower with respect to unpublished works.” ", "Harper &\n\n 7 Row Publishers, Inc. v. Nation Enters., ", "471 U.S. 539, 564 (1985). ", "However, “[t]he fact\n\n 8 that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made\n\n 9 upon consideration of all the above factors.” ", "17 U.S.C. § 107. ", "The district court\n\n10 considered all four of the statutory factors, which taken together compel a finding of fair\n\n11 use; thus, we need not decide whether Den Hollander “published” his essays when he\n\n12 temporarily posted them on his website.", "\n\n13 The third statutory factor, “the amount and substantiality of the portion used in\n\n14 relation to the copyrighted work as a whole,” 17 U.S.C. § 107(3), would appear to weigh\n\n15 in Den Hollander’s favor, as Steinberg reproduced the essays in full. ", "However, in\n\n16 applying this factor, we also consider “whether the quantity of the material used was\n\n17 reasonable in relation to the purpose of the copying.” ", "Am. ", "Geophysical Union v. Texaco\n\n18 Inc., 60 F.3d 913, 926 (2d Cir. ", "1994) (internal quotations omitted; emphasis added).", "\n\n19 Here, Steinberg’s purpose was to prevail in litigation; in judicial proceedings, litigants\n\n20 regularly reproduce documents in full. ", "Steinberg’s reproduction of Den Hollander’s\n\n21 essays would therefore appear to be reasonable. ", "But even assuming that it was\n\n 7\n\f 1 unreasonable, this single factor would not outweigh the other statutory factors.", "\n\n 2 Finally, the fourth factor, “the effect of the use upon the potential market for or\n\n 3 value of the copyrighted work,” 17 U.S.C. § 107(4), clearly favors Steinberg. ", "With this\n\n 4 factor, “[t]he focus . . . ", "is on whether defendants are offering a market substitute for the\n\n 5 original.” ", "NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Inst., ", "364 F.3d 471, 481 (2d Cir. ", "2004). “[", "O]ur concern\n\n 6 is not whether the secondary use suppresses or even destroys the market for the original\n\n 7 work or its potential derivatives, but whether the secondary use usurps the market of the\n\n 8 original work.” ", "Id. Should Den Hollander offer his essays for sale, it is highly unlikely\n\n 9 that potentially interested readers would even be aware of the essays’ presence in a court\n\n10 file, let alone choose to acquire copies by the cumbersome methods of visiting a\n\n11 courthouse to make copies or using PACER. ", "And in any event, Den Hollander has\n\n12 offered no evidence that Steinberg “usurped the market” for the essays by submitting\n\n13 them as exhibits in judicial proceedings.", "\n\n14 We conclude that the district court applied the statutory factors set out in 17 U.S.C.\n\n15 § 107 and correctly determined that Steinberg’s use of Den Hollander’s essays was a fair\n\n16 use. ", "Summary judgment was appropriate because “the record taken as a whole could not\n\n17 lead a rational trier of fact to find for” Den Hollander. ", "See Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587.", "\n\n18\n\n19\n\n20\n\n21\n\n 8\n\f1 We have considered Den Hollander’s remaining arguments and find them to be\n\n2 without merit. ", "Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.", "\n3\n4 FOR THE COURT:\n5 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk\n6\n7\n\n\n\n\n 9\n\f" ]

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[ "Scavenger receptor, class B, type I-dependent stimulation of cholesterol esterification by high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and nonlipoprotein cholesterol.", "\nScavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI) is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates selective uptake and efflux of sterols from high density lipoproteins (HDL) to cells. ", "A Chinese hamster ovary cell line that is deficient in functional LDL receptors, but has high expression levels of recombinant SR-BI (ldlA7-SR-BI), was used to examine the effect of SR-BI on the trafficking of sterols between lipoproteins and cells. ", "To monitor the fate of sterols transported by SR-BI into cells, we measured the incorporation of [14C]oleate into cholesterol esters by acyl-CoA:cholesteryl acyltransferase in the endoplasmic reticulum. ", "We show that incubation of ldlA7-SRBI cells with either LDL or HDL resulted in an equally dramatic increase in the formation of [14C]oleate-labeled cholesterol esters. ", "The lipoprotein-stimulated, SR-BI-dependent increase in cholesterol esterification was inhibited by chloroquine. ", "The uptake of sterols and their incorporation into cholesterol esters by SR-BI from LDL was largely a selective process. ", "The addition of free cholesterol to ldlA7-SRBI cells also stimulated cholesterol ester formation in a chloroquine-sensitive fashion. ", "We also show that SR-BI mediates the efflux of endogenously synthesized sterols from the cell membrane. ", "From these studies we conclude that, in the absence of the LDL receptor, overexpression of SR-BI can mediate significant transport of sterols between lipoproteins and the endoplasmic reticulum of cells." ]

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[ "When you click the \"0\" of who she follows on Twitter on your phone, it actually goes through to a list of people that it looks like she follows. ", "It might be a glitch, or it might be a secret feature! ", "Either way, the very first person who shows up is none other than one Miss KATY PERRY." ]

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[ "Telstar 14R\n\nTelstar 14R, also known as Estrela do Sul 2 (Southern Star 2) is a commercial communications satellite in the Telstar series built by Space Systems/Loral for Telesat to provide Ku-band communications to South America and the Southern United States. ", "It is a replacement for Telstar 14, whose north solar array failed to open after launch, limiting its mission effectiveness. ", "Telstar 14R experienced the same problem, with its north solar array failing to open too, but is now in service despite that failure.", "\n\nLaunch\nIt was launched 20 May 2011 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard an International Launch Services Proton-M rocket. ", "Telstar 14R is built around the Loral 1300 satellite bus, and has a launch mass of around 5000 kg. ", "It is positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 63 degrees west.", "\n\nSee also\n\n 2011 in spaceflight\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n http://www.telesat.com/satellite-fleet/telstar/telstar-14r\n http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/telstar-14r.htm\n http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1105/25telstar14r/index.html\n http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/05/live-ils-proton-m-launch-with-telstar-14r/\n\nCategory:Telstar satellites\nCategory:Spacecraft launched in 2011\nCategory:Satellites using the SSL 1300 bus" ]

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[ "Background\n==========\n\nAntigen escape tumor cell variants prevail in tumors recurring after treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with a single specificity. ", "Recurrent tumors preserve alternative non-targeted tumor associated antigens.", "\n\nHypothesis\n==========\n\nA bispecific CAR will mitigate antigen escape enhancing the antitumor activity of T cells.", "\n\nMethods and results\n===================\n\nHER2 and IL13Rα2 are currently targeted in Phase I glioblastoma (GBM) trials using CAR T cells. ", "We created a bispecific CAR molecule with a HER2-specific scFv joined in tandem to an IL13Rα2-binding moiety in the CAR exodomain (Tandem CAR) and a CD28.ζ signaling endodomain. ", "We used computational modeling to interrogate this design. ", "GBM patients\\' Tandem CAR T cells showed distinct binding to soluble HER2 and IL13Rα2 and killed primary autologous GBM cells. ", "Three-dimensional reconstitution and quantification of confocal images of the Tandem CAR T cell/tumor interface revealed enhanced bifunctional immunological synapses compared to conventional CARs. ", "Further, Tandem CAR T cells exhibited significantly enhanced inexhaustible activation dynamics when compared to conventional HER2 or IL13Rα2 CAR T cells and better controlled established GBM in an orthotopic murine model by offsetting both HER2 and IL13Rα2 escape.", "\n\nConclusion\n==========\n\nTandem chimeric antigen receptors enhance T cell activation and mitigate antigen escape through bifunctional immunological synapse formation in GBM.", "\n\n![](", "2051-1426-3-S2-O3-1){#F1}\n\n![](", "2051-1426-3-S2-O3-2){#F2}\n\n![](", "2051-1426-3-S2-O3-3){#F3}\n\n![](", "2051-1426-3-S2-O3-4){#F4}\n\n![](", "2051-1426-3-S2-O3-5){#F5}\n\n![](", "2051-1426-3-S2-O3-6){#F6}\n\n![](", "2051-1426-3-S2-O3-7){#F7}\n" ]

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[ "Joe Green, 19, looks a little uncomfortable. ", "He is perched on the edge of an armchair in a freshly decorated house at a secret location in Manchester. ", "He has agreed to talk if I don't give his real name or reveal too many details about him or where he lives.", "\n\nFour years ago, Green came out as gay to his family and was rejected. ", "His relationship with them has been strained ever since and he can never live at home again, he says. ", "The four-bedroom house he has moved into was opened this summer by the charity the Albert Kennedy Trust (AKT), for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) young people.", "\n\nSetting up the house, and another in London, was a long-held dream of the 24-year-old charity, which was founded in memory of a 16-year-old gay man who, having run away from a children's home, was found dead at the bottom of a multi-storey car park in Manchester. ", "He had been chased by \"queer bashers\". ", "Every year it is contacted by hundreds of desperate LGBT young people who have nowhere to go.", "\n\nGreen and his housemates, all in their late teens and early 20s, three male and one female, will stay for about six months at the Manchester house while they work out more long-term accommodation with the help of the charity.", "\n\n\"Before this, I was living with an AKT carer in supported lodgings for two years,\" Green tells me. \"", "It was really good, but this is better for my independence.\"", "\n\nLucy Bowyer, who manages AKT's housing project, Purple Door, sits in while I talk to Green. \"", "Some of the young people have been threatened with physical abuse by their families or are at risk of forced marriage; some are sleeping in stairwells because they can't go home,\" she says.", "\n\nThe Manchester house – procured from a private landlord in partnership with charity Threshold and New Charter Housing Trust Group – is spacious and tastefully kitted out thanks to volunteer interior designers. ", "A large print of Audrey Hepburn sits on the wall opposite Green, and a cabinet next to him has a small collection of DVDs and games.", "\n\n\"My relationship with them has improved,\" he says, when asked about his family. \"", "But, they are very religious and I know there's no way I'd be able to live at home ever again.\"", "\n\nGreen and his housemates are regularly visited by AKT staff, who help with job and life skills and support them to get work or to further their education, as part of the housing project. \"", "I like it here. ", "It's good to be sharing with people your age and, it's more comfortable with everyone else being gay too,\" Green says.", "\n\nIn the London house, which also opened this summer, through a partnership with housing trust Circle 33, young people aged 18 to25 generally stay for around three weeks as emergency cases.", "\n\nBowyer says they sometimes arrive with nothing because they have had to flee in the middle of the night. \"", "Often the young people we work with have come to the end of the line of friends they can stay with; some have been sleeping on buses, not knowing where to go. ", "Some have been in supported accommodation where they've been bullied,\" she says.", "\n\nEach resident receives a welcome pack provided by a network of LGBT employees who work for the Co-operative Group. ", "It includes stationery, toiletries and a teddy bear, \"in case they get lonely\", Bowyer explains.", "\n\nHanif Asim, also 19, has been in the London house for nearly two months. ", "He is struggling to find somewhere else to live – a frequent problem in the capital, with high rents and scarce accommodation. ", "AKT can sometimes contribute to deposits, but has a fairly limited pot and it can take time for young people to access affordable credit. ", "Some can move on to stay with the AKT carers, but again, that process takes time.", "\n\n\"It feels safe here,\" says Asim. \"", "No one goes into too much detail about their past. ", "I've known I was gay since I was 14. ", "I came out to friends but hid it from my family. ", "We have a traditional Middle Eastern background, so I always knew they wouldn't react well. ", "Then, a couple of months ago, my brother went through my phone and saw some evidence of me being gay. ", "He told them and they sat me down and confronted me.", "\n\n\"They said that, basically, I had two options: I could stay with them and get 'cured' or I could leave. ", "They wanted me to stay but I knew I couldn't live like that. ", "My family aren't bad, they just don't know any better,\" he says.", "\n\nAs one young person leaves, you can be sure another will quickly replace them. ", "There is no shortage of LGBT young people being shunted out of their family home.", "\n\n\"Since I started here 18 months ago, we are seeing a quarter-on-quarter increase in the need for services,\" Bowyer says.", "\n\nIn 2010-11, AKT supported 149 young people in London and 85 in Manchester with one of its services. ", "In 2012-13, the number had doubled in London and risen to 152 in Manchester. ", "The amount of mentoring time given in London tripled to more than 1,500 hours over the same period. ", "Overnight shelter provided across both cities rose from 2,434 nights in 2011-12 to just over 3,000 last year.", "\n\nBowyer is amazed at the mental strength of AKT's young people. \"", "I've not seen this kind of resilience before, and I've worked in various parts of the homeless sector,\" she says. \"", "Sometimes everything has been so stressful for them that the reality of their situation doesn't hit them until their head has hit the pillow. ", "Some of them have had really awful lives, but there's something in them that just keeps them going. ", "They are a pleasure to help. ", "We want to give them a better chance in the world.\"" ]

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[ "Energy efficiency to be pushed for new economy\n\nRussia is the leading exporter of energy resources, yet it's also one of the most energy-inefficient economies in the world. ", "Both state and commercial businesses have modernisation projects in the pipeline to improve the country’s competitiveness.", "\n\nEvery year Russia wastes enough energy to power the French economy. ", "But now, the Kremlin plans to put a lid on losses – and make industry a money-making green machine.", "\n\nTo handle the challenge, a 300-billion-dollar energy efficiency program has been approved by the Russian government. ", "The blueprint will help plug the holes in factories and buildings inherited from the Soviet times, according to Timur Ivanov .", "\n\n“The leaders in terms of inefficiency are industrial giants and housing amenities. ", "For the industrial sector, its two and a half times less efficient than its European peers. ", "The room for improvement is huge.", "An important thing the program introduces is an energy service contract. ", "Under such a contract, companies are lended funds to improve their energy efficiency and then they pay off the debt by the money they save on being more efficient. “", "\n\nThe biggest oil and gas producer on the planet, Russians enjoy cheap energy prices set by the government. ", "But these low domestic prices are also draining the motivation to conserve energy.", "\n\n“There is no other remedy to energy efficiency apart from letting consumers pay the real economic price for the energy they are consuming.”", "\n\nPresident Medvedev aims to slash wastefulness by 40% within a decade. ", "Initiatives range from phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs – to providing state support of Russian billionaire Mikhail Prohorov’s project to build an inexpensive hybrid car in southern Russia.", "\n\nBut there is still a long way ahead…\n\n“For the last 20 years we have been reducing energy consumption by roughly 3 to 5%. ", "A lot of other countries moved much faster down this road. ", "Right now energy inefficiency is everywhere – it's public buildings, budget consumers, electricity, gas flaring, etc. ", "It's tremendous.”", "\n\nBeing eco-friendly goes hand-in-hand with energy efficiency. ", "Recently, Russia’s Natural Resources Ministry drafted a bill to make factories recycle the material they currently throw away by selling it to biofuel plants. ", "Right now, Russia uses twice as much energy than China uses to produce the same value of goods – and Russian companies are still struggling to learn how going clean, could bring in the green." ]

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[ "yudkowsky:\n\nmirasorastone: yudkowsky: prokopetz: Bad: Superhero whose secret identity is just staggeringly obvious, but nobody picks up on it for various implausible reasons. ", "Good: Superhero whose secret identity is just staggeringly obvious, and everybody “knows”, but in spite of countless people’s best efforts nobody can actually prove it.", "\n\n“Literally everyone knows that Bruce Kent is the Masculine Mongoose,” said the woman sitting across from me in our candlelit dinner. “", "The superheroes know it. ", "The villains know it. ", "The guy on the street knows it. ", "Uncontacted tribes in the Amazon know it. ", "The Enquirer doesn’t break the mask code when they print your picture because they don’t even bother mentioning who you are. ", "If I need to have conversations with you pretending not to know that Bruce is the ‘Goose, we’re going to be the only two people on the planet pretending that.” ", "My expectations for this date’s viability were starting to sink. ", "She was saying intelligent things, and saying them with remarkable confidence and self-possession for somebody who thought she was talking to the Masculine Mongoose himself. ", "It was impressing me and more than slightly turning me on. ", "But the conversation had taken a turn I’d been down before, and not a promising one. “", "I don’t want to get into a relationship under false pretenses,” I said. “", "Yeah,” she said. “", "Like if I slept with you under the impression that you were just an ordinary playboy millionaire, instead of a superhero.” ", "She sipped from her champagne glass, visibly trying not to smile. “", "Look,” I said, trying to make my voice as persuasive as I could. “", "Just like you say, everyone knows that Bruce Kent is the Masculine Mongoose. ", "People have believed that for eight years. ", "And in all that time, nobody has ever managed to prove anything - never mind suggestive evidence, nobody has ever shown it for certain. ", "Shouldn’t that give you pause?” ", "Keep reading I would read an entire novel series about this concept. ", "To her dying day, reporter Terri Green would remember the look on Bruce Kent’s face as the assassin stepped out of the crowd, holding the gun.", "\n\nKeep reading\n\n(5000 words. ", "This story takes place chronologically before the first two Bruce Kent fics, but should be read afterwards.)", "\n\nThere was no warning. ", "One moment I was waiting in line at the Gothic Cityville branch of the First Financial Bank to get a cashier’s check made out, trying to ignore the whispers coming from before me and behind me. ", "Bruce Kent is very rigorous about pretending to not be the Masculine Mongoose, as everyone knows by now. ", "Bruce Kent acts uncomfortable around people who whisper when they recognize him, just like he would if he was a normal human being who’d gotten mistaken for the Mongoose somehow. ", "Keeping up the act at all times, yeah, that’s me all right.", "\n\nThe next moment, the glassed front door of the bank shattered into pieces around a woman stomping through in giant flaming power armor. ", "She was followed shortly after by ten other goons in smaller suits of flaming power armor. ", "When I say ‘flaming’ I don’t mean that it was decorated in red and orange, I mean that the powered suits were emitting gouts of fire from built-in spouts.", "\n\nProfessor Pyrofessor had somehow, God help her and both of us, managed to pick that exact moment to rob this particular bank branch.", "\n\nCries of horror and dismay came from around the huge room… though there were no screams in my own immediate vicinity.", "\n\nPyrofessor stomped into the middle of the room and let off a giant blast of flame that dissipated centimeters short of setting the ceiling on fire. “", "Nobody try anything crazy unless you’re me!” ", "the infamous madgirl roared.", "\n\nThe person standing in front of me in line was gathering up the spilled documents she’d dropped in shock and… and quietly giggling to herself. ", "Because Professor Pyrofessor was robbing a bank with the Masculine Mongoose inside it, right. ", "Right.", "\n\nShit. ", "Shit, shit, shit! ", "What the hell was I supposed to do now?", "\n\nIf I’d been even 20% as smart as people think I am, if I’d been only 5% as smart as the Masculine Mongoose actually is, I’d have been able to think of something to do.", "\n\nInstead, I just stood there. ", "Frozen. ", "Mind blank.", "\n\nThat’s what human beings often do when they’re in the middle of a massive crisis where immediate action is required.", "\n\nPyrofessor’s goons spread out from behind her, their powered exoskeletons making it easy for the huge-looking armors to vault over countertops and land with room-shaking thuds. ", "Bank employees were seized, lifted into the air, dragged forth.", "\n\nI stood there. ", "Frozen. ", "Mind blank.", "\n\nThe woman who’d been standing in front of me in line was starting to give me puzzled looks.", "\n\nI knew that I wasn’t reacting the way she expected the Mongoose to act. ", "But—but what the hell was I supposed to do?", "\n\nMy brain unfroze enough to remember the thing I was supposed to do, and I looked down to my Wristwatch. ", "I needed to hit my panic button, the emergency alarm that tells the Mongoose to get over to me if he possibly can -\n\nThe Wristwatch was showing a grayscale sad face with Xs for eyes. ", "I could only remember seeing that status once before, back when Barrier Maiden shut down comms across the solar system. ", "It meant the Wristwatch was off the network. ", "Pyrofessor must have been jamming all the airwaves, emergency and military frequencies as well as civilian.", "\n\nA goon in power armor was power-stomping his way over to where we customers were standing. ", "In sheer panic I pulled my hat’s brim down and tilted my head forward, obscuring the top half of my face. ", "I don’t think I had any plan beyond that. ", "I just did it on instinct before the armored goon could recognize me.", "\n\nI could tell the woman standing in front of me in line was puzzled, but she gave a conspiratorial nod and winked at me, eager to be in on whatever I was planning.", "\n\nIf I didn’t think of something to plan, there were going to be questions asked afterwards. ", "But what the hell was I supposed to do? ", "Demand that the villains surrender to me? ", "Professor Pyrofessor carries plasma weapons. ", "She didn’t seem like the type to surrender to the Masculine Mongoose without shooting him first, if only out of curiosity about how plasma and him would interact.", "\n\nThe guy in the power suit growled orders at me and my fellow customers. ", "I obediently headed to where all the customers and bank employees were being herded, and sat down when prompted. ", "The people around me looked puzzled, but did the same.", "\n\nI looked down at the Wristwatch. ", "It was still offline.", "\n\nA minute passed. ", "Two minutes. ", "The man who’d been standing behind me in line tried to whisper something to me. ", "I shook my head at him, and he quieted.", "\n\nI looked down at the Wristwatch. ", "It was still offline.", "\n\nI looked down at the Wristwatch. ", "It was still offline.", "\n\nI didn’t look down at the Wristwatch again. ", "People would wonder why the Masculine Mongoose was checking his watch in the middle of a bank robbery. ", "There isn’t supposed to be anything special about Bruce Kent’s wristwatch.", "\n\nTime passed. ", "Very slowly. ", "I kept trying to remember where Professor Pyrofessor stood on the villain morality scale She didn’t have a standing capital sentence on her head, so she didn’t make a habit of incinerating schoolbuses. ", "She also wasn’t the type to go out of her own way if a schoolbus happened to be on fire, if I was remembering right. ", "She’d openly professed that her allegiance was to Science, not Humanity, to the disgust of many other mad scientists fighting the stereotype. ", "She’d executed one of her own minions in public, once, for the crime of betraying her to another villain. ", "But she’d never openly murdered any civilians for Science, if I was remembering all of this right, which I might not be.", "\n\nI couldn’t remember exactly where Pyrofessor stood on the scale from 'terrify civilians but don’t hurt them’ to 'burn bits off civilians but don’t kill them’.", "\n\nI couldn’t remember. ", "All I could do was hope that Pyrofessor found whatever she was looking for, and cleared out without a fight starting. ", "The Mongoose would be able to think of some excuse for why I hadn’t done anything. ", "He’d be able to make it sound plausible. ", "He’s smart.", "\n\nBut if Pyrofessor actually hurt somebody and the Masculine Mongoose just sat around without trying to stop her, his reputation was dead.", "\n\nIf I tried to stop her, I was dead.", "\n\nOr there was the third option. ", "Professor Pyrofessor would hurt someone, I would sit by quietly, and that would be the end of Bruce Kent’s masquerade. ", "It’d had a good run, but nothing like that lasts forever.", "\n\n\n\n\n\nMaryam Janeway had become increasingly nervous the longer the bank robbery went on. ", "Probably not as nervous as most of the other hostages. ", "She was sitting right next to the Masculine Mongoose. ", "She was probably safer than the President of the United States, who was not sitting next to the Masculine Mongoose, wherever he was.", "\n\nThe part that was making her increasingly nervous was that the Masculine Mongoose still wasn’t doing anything. ", "And Janeway couldn’t figure why. ", "Or rather, her current theories of 'why’ centered around ideas like dead-woman switches in Pyrofessor’s armor that would destroy the whole bank lobby and maybe half of Gothic Cityville. ", "She could see the Mongoose sitting quietly instead of starting a fight, in that case. ", "Nobody had actually gotten hurt yet.", "\n\nThe thought occurred to Janeway that maybe she wasn’t that safe after all. ", "A few meters away were a couple of school-age children sitting by their dad. ", "If Pyrofessor did try to explode the building, the Mongoose might not pick her up along the way, if he went to save the kids first… no, that was silly. ", "The Mongoose was famous for almost always avoiding situations getting that bad.", "\n\nAlmost always.", "\n\nAlmost.", "\n\nNew heavy thuds disrupted the room’s uneasy equilibrium. ", "From a set of stairs at the back of the building, an elderly man in a business suit was being carried down by one of Pyrofessor’s minions in power armor. ", "Literally carried, the elderly man’s two arms gripped between two huge metallic fists. ", "The elderly man looked frightened, a visible wetness around his eyes. ", "It didn’t go well with the dignity of his business suit. ", "Seeing it made Janeway feel a little sick.", "\n\nProfessor Pyrofessor stomped over to where the man was being held.", "\n\nJaneway couldn’t quite overhear what she said to him, or what he said to her. ", "Maybe something about a safe-deposit box. ", "Whatever Pyrofessor was saying, it wasn’t making the elderly man look any less scared. ", "And whatever the man was saying, Pyrofessor wasn’t looking any happier for hearing it.", "\n\nJaneway looked again at the Mongoose. ", "The Mongoose was deliberately glancing at his watch. ", "Trying to tell her something about time and waiting?", "\n\nThen Pyrofessor brought up one of the fingers of her powersuit, and that finger started to glow, red to orange to yellow, like a hot poker. ", "The elderly man in the business suit tried to shrink back from it, but his arms were still being held by the minion.", "\n\nEven though Janeway knew it was pointless, even though she knew the Mongoose had to have already seen it, she still had to say -\n\n“Do something!” ", "Janeway whispered.", "\n\nAnd the Masculine Mongoose stood up.", "\n\n“Excuse me,” he called in Bruce Kent’s higher-pitched voice.", "\n\nThe entire room froze.", "\n\nEveryone on Earth knew that voice, which all known forms of computer analysis showed had no statistically unusual correlations with the Masculine Mongoose’s voice.", "\n\nSlowly, more slowly than could be explained by her heavy power armor, Professor Pyrofessor turned around to look in the hostages’ direction.", "\n\nBruce Kent tipped his hat back, exposing his face.", "\n\n“Excuse me,” he said again. \"", "Can I ask that you please not hurt that man?“", "\n\nBruce Kent sounded… terrified. ", "Just like he was an ordinary mortal facing down a crazy supervillain with plasma weapons.", "\n\nJaneway had read about this but it still felt incredibly weird to see the Mongoose actually doing it.", "\n\n\"What,” Pyrofessor said, her voice sounding surprisingly quiet for being so very loud, “are you, doing, in here?”", "\n\n“I just happened to be waiting in line to get a cashier’s check when you crashed through the door,” said Bruce Kent. \"", "Today is not my lucky day, I guess.“", "\n\n\"And you just sat down here with the rest of us?” ", "blurted one of the other hostages.", "\n\n“What else was I supposed to do?” ", "Bruce Kent said. \"", "It’s not like I have superpowers.“", "\n\nThere was a pause comprised of one part sheer incredulity to two parts also sheer incredulity, while the entire room took this in.", "\n\n\"Yes you do!” ", "shrieked one of the bank employees.", "\n\n“No I don’t,” Bruce Kent said.", "\n\n“You bastard, we were scared half to death over here!”", "\n\n“Dude, shut up,” said somebody else. \"", "I’m certain he had good reasons, and when and if we all find out what they were, you’re going to look like the idiot foil of the story.“", "\n\nThe bank employee shut up.", "\n\nProfessor Pyrofessor walked closer to where Bruce Kent now stood, the power-armor emitting high-pitched whines with each motion. \"", "So,” said Professor Pyrofessor. \"", "You don’t have superpowers, huh.“", "\n\n\"Correct.”", "\n\n“So you had no way to stop me from robbing this bank.”", "\n\n“Right.”", "\n\n“And no way to stop me from hurting that fool over there?” ", "Pyrofessor’s face was a study in intrigued curiosity.", "\n\nBruce Kent swallowed. “", "I mean,” he said, “I do know who everybody thinks I am… so I could try to… bluff you into not doing that?”", "\n\nThere was another incredulous pause.", "\n\n“Oh, come on!” ", "said one voice, Janeway couldn’t see who.", "\n\n“He’s producing actual sweat on his forehead,” one of the people nearby said.", "\n\nPyrofessor groaned out loud. “", "This is why I can’t stand his kind of cognitive augment,” she said. \"", "He can’t just refuse to admit his identity like a normal fucking meta. ", "No, the Goose has to make a big deal out of trying to act exactly like a real human in his shoes. ", "Not because he’s trying to hide who he is. ", "He knows we all know. ", "He’s just being a fucking priss about his interpretation of the mask code. ", "He thinks that if you knowingly behave according to a likelihood function that you can probabilistically distinguish from the likelihood function of a normal, you might as well hang a sign on your forehead. ", "So he acts all ostentatiously precise about his interpretation of Bruce Kent, in order to sniff about how the rest of us are getting it wrong. ", "And he does that knowing all you admiring numbskulls are completely oblivious to how he’s behaving on the augment-to-augment level. ", "God, I hate Bayesians, they’re often right in principle but do they have to be such fucking snobs about it -“\n\n\"Mistress, you’re monologuing again,” one of the minions said.", "\n\n“Right,” said Pyrofessor. \"", "So now there’s nothing for it but to rip open all the safety-deposit boxes here to find the Gems of Color-Coding, wasting my time and yours, and keeping all these other hostages uncomfortable for that much longer. ", "Not to mention the extra property damage.“ ", "She turned away and started stomping towards the same stairs. \"", "I hope you consider having saved one hostage a light, easily treated burn to be worth that. ", "Personally, I can’t see how the multiplication works out.”", "\n\n“Thank you very much,” Bruce Kent said, and sat down on his shaking legs.", "\n\n“Wait,” said the same minion who’d corrected his mistress earlier about monologuing. “", "We’re not going to… go on robbing the bank, are we, mistress? ", "With the Masculine Mongoose right there?”", "\n\n“Of course we are,” said Pyrofessor, a smile now crossing her face. \"", "Come on, where’s your sense of naughtiness? ", "Of exhibitionism? ", "When else are we going to get a chance to rob a bank while the Goose has to sit by and watch?“", "\n\n\"Yeah, laugh it up while you can,” somebody called. \"", "Soon as you leave, Bruce Kent is going to say he needs to visit the men’s room, and thirty seconds later the Masculine Mongoose is coincidentally going to fly by and arrest you all. ", "You know that, right?“", "\n\n\"Shut up!” ", "somebody else yelled.", "\n\nPyrofessor paused in the middle of her heavy stomps, turning back to face the hostage group. “", "Excellent point,” the Pyrofessor said. \"", "I suppose if we have to fight anyways, it would be best to fight you while I have lots of guns pointed at lots of hostages. ", "I couldn’t win if you went all-out, but I’d be fascinated to see you stop me while acting exactly like Bruce Kent. ", "Unless you care to promise me I won’t get intercepted after I leave, Mongoose?“ ", "More long barrels were extending from her armor, pointed at the hostages.", "\n\n\"It’s -” Bruce Kent said. ", "Janeway was close enough to him that she could hear him swallowing. \"", "I don’t have any plans like that…“\n\nThe barrels extending from Pyrofessor’s were starting to glow an ominous fluorescent green, like a reflective neon strip on a crossguard uniform. \"", "I’m afraid I must insist on a promise, Mister Mongoose.”", "\n\nBruce Kent’s voice was trembling. \"", "I can’t promise that because I’m not the Goose. ", "But if the Goose happened to stop by this way after you left, and he checked in with me first, I’d tell him about what you said and ask him to not arrest you after you left. ", "If you didn’t hurt anyone.“", "\n\nPyrofessor tilted her head. \"", "Well, my suit’s voice analytics tell me that you’re scared, but telling the truth. ", "Which is fucking unnerving, by the way. ", "I can’t imagine why the public trusts anyone as good as you are at lying. ", "But since you’ve modulated your voice to signal honesty, I’ll take that as a promise on the augment-to-augment level. ", "And the rest of you idiots think about how you might be endangering the Mongoose’s secret identity before you try anything that might require him to save you. ", "Because I wouldn’t bet my life on the Mongoose’s calculations working out that way. ", "Nobody, including me, understands what the hell that man is thinking.”", "\n\nWhen Pyrofessor stomped out of the room that time, nobody made any other smart remarks.", "\n\nAfter the Pyrofessor was gone, the background noise level rose, the 'hostages’ feeling safer enough to talk to each other in subdued voices. ", "Nothing loud, though people did look much less worried. ", "Instead it was the power-suited minions who were looking nervous as they went on pointing their plasma guns. ", "Still, nobody tried to stand up.", "\n\nAt least not until one of the young kids stood up and walked over to where the Mongoose was sitting. ", "A minion started to point his plasma gun, and then glanced in Bruce Kent’s direction and stopped.", "\n\n“You’re not going to actually let them go, are you?” ", "said the child. \"", "They’re villains.“", "\n\nThere was suddenly a lot of hush in the room.", "\n\n\"I can’t stop them,” Bruce Kent said, sounding perfectly serious about it. “", "Despite some widespread misconceptions, I’m not actually the Masculine Mongoose -”\n\n“That’s pretend! ", "It’s not real! ", "Daddy says I always have to keep careful track of the difference between pretend and real so I don’t, like, try to jump into a fight with real supervillains because I’m pretending to be the Mongoose. ", "Doesn’t that mean you shouldn’t not get into a fight with real supervillains if you’re only pretending to be not the Mongoose? ", "It doesn’t seem right.”", "\n\nJaneway privately assigned a high chance the kid was some kind of seven-year-old supergenius, and then privately did her best to forget the fact, as people were supposed to do when somebody that young screwed it up. ", "Instead she, like everyone else, was looking at the Mongoose, wondering how he’d answer that pretty good question. ", "The Goose could have taken down the Pyrofessor before she fired a shot, Janeway was now sure.", "\n\nBruce Kent didn’t answer right away. ", "Pretending to be a normal human who actually needed time to think about the question, no doubt. \"", "I can’t speak for the Mongoose,“ he said after a delay. \"", "You’d have to ask the Mongoose, if you wanted his answer. ", "But I’ve also had some time to think about the mask code. ", "And I think it is a good thing for society that metas get to have secret identities. ", "Even if that means villains get to have secret identities too. ", "It gives metas somewhere saner to go back to, and all of society benefits if the metas are a little less crazy. ", "And of course, the code also protects people like me if somebody mistakenly believes we’re metas.”", "\n\n“But Professor Pyrofessor isn’t in her civilian identity,” said the kid. \"", "The mask code doesn’t say you can’t stop her.“", "\n\n\"Maybe not in so many words,” Bruce Kent said. \"", "But even if I was the Masculine Mongoose - if Professor Pyrofessor recognizes someone walking down the street out of costume, she’s not supposed to attack him. ", "So it isn’t fair if he attacks her, is it?“", "\n\nThe kid frowned, tilting his head and now looking puzzled. \"", "That makes sense. ", "But Bruce Kent did stop Professor Pyrofessor. ", "Doesn’t that mean you broke the mask code?”", "\n\nAgain Bruce Kent stopped, like he was a normal human who had to think about it. ", "From Janeway’s distance, she could see what looked like new sweat on his forehead. \"", "Well,“ Bruce Kent said, \"I mean - even accepting the whole premise arguendo - I didn’t intervene as a meta, did I? ", "If you’re a meta out of costume and you see Professor Pyrofessor march past in power armor, you’re allowed to call 911 because non-metas can do that too. ", "I only did what Bruce Kent could have done as a normal human, given that Professor Pyrofessor mistakenly thought he was the Masculine Mongoose. ", "Like the Goose himself always says, ordinary people can also stand up and do what’s right.”", "\n\n“That heartwarming moral is completely subverted by you not actually being a normal human,” somebody said. \"", "Talk about your broken aesops.“", "\n\n\"I suppose I can understand why you’d see things that way,” said Bruce Kent.", "\n\nThe kid went back to where he’d been seated, and soon enough Professor Pyrofessor stalked back from the stairway, followed by minions in power armor. ", "She gestured once, and her other minions fell into ranks beside her.", "\n\nThe supervillain and her minions all left without a word, though Pyrofessor shot the Mongoose some kind of significant glare, and received a nervous look in return that had her shaking her head in bemused admiration.", "\n\nAfterwards Bruce Kent declared that he had to go use the bathroom “and possibly throw up a few times”, to widespread chuckles.", "\n\nJaneway swore she could hear faint, realistic retching sounds from that direction after he’d entered. ", "Part of her wondered if that was a computer recording, or if the Mongoose was actually producing those sounds from his own throat. ", "He wouldn’t go so far as to throw up for real, would he?", "\n\n\n\n\n\nI’d had enough time to retch a few times, without throwing up, after which the nausea had mostly subsided. ", "I had time to mostly stop shaking. ", "At least nobody had burst into the bathroom after me to try to snap a picture of me changing into the Goose’s costume. ", "That had happened to me a few times before. ", "But not this time. ", "The hostage situation and scare maybe had people taking the situation more seriously.", "\n\nShortly after I finished splashing water on my face, trying to get most of the visible sweat and grease off my forehead, there came a politely patterned knock at the bathroom door.", "\n\n“Come in,” I said.", "\n\nThe bathroom door swung open, and in walked a middle-aged Hindi man wearing briefs. ", "No mask or supersuit, only the briefs. ", "Some might have called it more of a posing pouch.", "\n\nThe aficionados who follow the Mongoose’s life in disturbing levels of detail, enough to remember side characters who appear very rarely, would have recognized the Hindi man as Baibhav Hegadi. ", "That’s not a Hindi mask alias, it’s his birth name. ", "He refuses to answer to Fastman.", "\n\nBaibhav Hegadi is sometimes cited as a case study of why even the most useless-seeming superpower may be marketable to someone.", "\n\nAt his top official speed, Baibhav Hegadi can run fast enough to cross continents in under a minute. ", "Wikipedia lists him as the 35th fastest meta on Earth when traversing all intervening space.", "\n\nKnown limitations of Hegadi’s power include:\n\nHegadi doesn’t have momentum proportional to how fast he’s moving. ", "He can’t hit harder than normal.", "\n\nIt takes time for Hegadi to accelerate. ", "In the first second he starts moving his fist, it doesn’t go much faster than an ordinary mortal’s fist. ", "He can slow down almost instantly, but afterwards it takes time for him to speed up again.", "\n\nHegadi can’t carry anything that isn’t himself. ", "When he’s using his power, he can only wear briefs knitted out of his own hair.", "\n\nTo sum up: Hegadi couldn’t deliver packages across the seas. ", "He couldn’t punch harder than an ordinary mortal, or fight with faster reflexes. ", "He couldn’t dart through a building too quickly for cameras to catch him, because he couldn’t open doors at speed. ", "He could memorize and carry messages, but there’s a cheaper way to send those across continents, and it’s called email. ", "He couldn’t even run out for lunch, except to a restaurant that would serve him without credit cards while he was wearing only a posing pouch.", "\n\n/r/masks voted Baibhav Hegadi as #4 on the list of “most disappointing superpowers”, as measured by the contrast between apparent power and actual usability. ", "He was the 35th fastest person on Earth, and he ran an electric-scooter dealership in Amalapuram.", "\n\nShortly after that vote, the Masculine Mongoose ran into an interdimensional historian, who offered him unspecified benefits in exchange for being notified of the time and place if the Mongoose was doing something of interest. ", "This interdimensional being could only be reached by going through an alternate-world portal in an undisclosed location, and crossing a long stretch of desert where radios didn’t work.", "\n\nSo the Mongoose hired Baibhav Hegadi to act as his personal messenger, racing over to tell the Hilbert-Space Historian whenever the Mongoose was about to go into action. ", "It went to show, said the Mongoose, that few superpowers were truly useless.", "\n\nHegadi’s contract is known to specify that he never be given information that might interest villains. ", "The Mongoose pays Hegadi at standard meta-on-call rates, enough to let Hegadi retire and pass on his electric-scooter dealership to his daughter, but not enough to make Hegadi wealthy in retirement. ", "No villain or government has a reason to target Hegadi, or Hegadi’s family, or his friends. ", "He’s just a minor meta in India with an almost unmarketable superpower.", "\n\nTo sum up that whole story:\n\nIt would be crazy to wonder whether Baibhav Hegadi is secretly a metahuman, and it’s not the least bit odd that Fastman suddenly runs off whenever the Masculine Mongoose is summoned to a crisis.", "\n\nI looked over at Baibhav, wondering how long he’d been there and watching. ", "Part of me wanted to resent him for having not burst in and rescued me, but the Masculine Mongoose can’t exactly be seen to rescue Bruce Kent.", "\n\nI still wished he’d given me some sign he was around. ", "It would have been less terrifying.", "\n\n“Tell the Hilbert-Space Historian -” I began.", "\n\n“We’re not being monitored,” said Baibhav.", "\n\nI nodded. \"", "When did you get into town?“ ", "I tried to keep any resentment out of my voice. ", "I did not want to be told that I’d handled myself just fine.", "\n\n\"Not too long ago,” said Baibhav. \"", "I couldn’t get here immediately. ", "I did ask the Maximal Magician, Unya Unusual, to monitor the situation after your watch went off-grid. ", "She reported to me what happened.“", "\n\nOf course he’d been notified as soon as my watch dropped off the special communications network. ", "It was ridiculously obvious in retrospect.", "\n\nIt probably hadn’t occurred to the Mongoose that I wouldn’t have realized that myself. ", "His power package has fewer flaws than most, but one flaw he shares with other cognitive enhanciles is that he has trouble predicting what non-enhanciles will and won’t figure out. ", "Mental obstacles that stop us cold may not rise to the level where he consciously notices them.", "\n\nI turned to the sink and splashed more water over my face. ", "I didn’t want to tell him what I hadn’t figured out. ", "I didn’t want to lower his opinion of my intelligence any further.", "\n\nExcept that now the Mongoose knew it anyways. ", "He’s good at reading people in close proximity.", "\n\n”Who’s not a real hero again?“ ", "said Baibhav.", "\n\n\"Oh, shut up.”", "\n\n“Look me in the eyes and say you’re not a real hero. ", "I want to see if you can still keep a straight face.”", "\n\n“I wasn’t actually braver than anyone else there,” I told the sink. \"", "If I hadn’t known the villains would think I was you, I’d have stayed quiet and terrified just like all the other ordinary -“\n\n\"You’re not looking me in the eyes, Bruce. ", "A hero like you should lose arguments with more grace.”", "\n\n“So I did something that was arguably vaguely heroic. ", "Once. ", "One time in my life. ", "Plenty of people have. ", "I’m probably behind on averages.”", "\n\n“Bruce…”\n\nI threw up my hands. “", "Fine! ", "Have it your way. ", "I’m every bit as awesome as people think I am. ", "If people knew the truth about me, they’d give me my own comic-book series that would sell right alongside yours. ", "Is that what you wanted to hear me say? ", "Are you happy now? ", "Are you satisfied?”", "\n\n“In a way we could say that this makes you, not just a hero, but a superhero,” said Baibhav, sounding happy but not satisfied. “", "Your superpower is that people believe you’re the Masculine Mongoose.”", "\n\nI gave him the best glare I could muster. \"", "Seems like one of the suckier powers,“ I said.", "\n\nBaibhav held up a dramatic finger. \"", "That superpower may not feel useful most of the time - it may seem an inconvenience to you - a burden, for how it makes others look at you - but today it was the right power for the situation! ", "Few superpowers are truly useless, after all. ", "Today’s work might not earn you a seat at the Watching Tower of Great Justice, but you’d at least rate a guided tour of the place…” He paused again. \"", "Though maybe not from the Mongoose himself.“", "\n\n\"Oh, shut up.”", "\n\n“But seriously, I don’t think you should assess heroism by comic-book deals,” said Baibhav. “", "Society has some odd ideas about who deserves one of those. ", "I’ve met a number of police officers, firefighters, and EMTs whom I’d put ahead of the Puissant Pugilist. ", "And sensible janitors who happened to be working the night shift, and delivery drivers who stayed calm, and the occasional courageous eight-year-old.” ", "He poked me in the shoulder. ", "Gently. \"", "Bruce, let’s leave out some of the higher-profile threats I’ve faced, like Inacan the Sealed Evil. ", "I won’t play at false modesty; what I did then was legitimately more heroic than what you did today. ", "But between you and I, which one of us would you say has been the greater hero just this week?“", "\n\nI knew he was about to say something deepity, but my hands were still shaking and I wasn’t in a healthy condition to guess what. \"", "You’re going to claim the opposite and make like it’s true somehow, but I’ll say the greater hero was the one who did more good in total.”", "\n\nThe Mongoose shook his head, suddenly looking very serious indeed. \"", "If I was as heroic as this on a weekly basis, I wouldn’t make it past a year.“", "\n\nMy hands froze in mid-shake. \"", "Oh,” I said.", "\n\n“Not that you did the wrong thing, so long as you don’t make a habit of it,” Baibhav said. “", "But as I’ve said to a number of other people who didn’t get comic-book deals afterwards, the greater hero is usually the one who’s less immune to bullets.”" ]

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[ "Reformed Churches of Myanmar\n\nThe Reformed Churches of Myanmar (RCM) is a small Reformed denomination in Myanmar. ", "It is mainly concentrated in the Chin hills area of Burma. ", "Presently it has 12 congregations in small villages. ", "This denomination is a mission of the Evangelical Reformed Fellowship. ", "The Reformed Churches of Myanmar is a member of the Reformed and Presbyterian Fellowship in Myanmar.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Reformed denominations in Asia" ]

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[ "<?", "php\n\n/*\n * This file is part of SwiftMailer.", "\n * (c) 2004-2009 Chris Corbyn\n *\n * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE\n * file that was distributed with this source code.", "\n */\n\n/**\n * An attachment, in a multipart message.", "\n *\n * @author Chris Corbyn\n */\nclass Swift_Mime_Attachment extends Swift_Mime_SimpleMimeEntity\n{\n /** Recognized MIME types */\n private $mimeTypes = [];\n\n /**\n * Create a new Attachment with $headers, $encoder and $cache.", "\n *\n * @param array $mimeTypes\n */\n public function __construct(Swift_Mime_SimpleHeaderSet $headers, Swift_Mime_ContentEncoder $encoder, Swift_KeyCache $cache, Swift_IdGenerator $idGenerator, $mimeTypes = [])\n {\n parent::__construct($headers, $encoder, $cache, $idGenerator);\n $this->setDisposition('attachment');\n $this->setContentType('application/octet-stream');\n $this->mimeTypes = $mimeTypes;\n }\n\n /**\n * Get the nesting level used for this attachment.", "\n *\n * Always returns {@link LEVEL_MIXED}.", "\n *\n * @return int\n */\n public function getNestingLevel()\n {\n return self::LEVEL_MIXED;\n }\n\n /**\n * Get the Content-Disposition of this attachment.", "\n *\n * By default attachments have a disposition of \"attachment\".", "\n *\n * @return string\n */\n public function getDisposition()\n {\n return $this->getHeaderFieldModel('Content-Disposition');\n }\n\n /**\n * Set the Content-Disposition of this attachment.", "\n *\n * @param string $disposition\n *\n * @return $this\n */\n public function setDisposition($disposition)\n {\n if (!", "$this->setHeaderFieldModel('Content-Disposition', $disposition)) {\n $this->getHeaders()->addParameterizedHeader('Content-Disposition', $disposition);\n }\n\n return $this;\n }\n\n /**\n * Get the filename of this attachment when downloaded.", "\n *\n * @return string\n */\n public function getFilename()\n {\n return $this->getHeaderParameter('Content-Disposition', 'filename');\n }\n\n /**\n * Set the filename of this attachment.", "\n *\n * @param string $filename\n *\n * @return $this\n */\n public function setFilename($filename)\n {\n $this->setHeaderParameter('Content-Disposition', 'filename', $filename);\n $this->setHeaderParameter('Content-Type', 'name', $filename);\n\n return $this;\n }\n\n /**\n * Get the file size of this attachment.", "\n *\n * @return int\n */\n public function getSize()\n {\n return $this->getHeaderParameter('Content-Disposition', 'size');\n }\n\n /**\n * Set the file size of this attachment.", "\n *\n * @param int $size\n *\n * @return $this\n */\n public function setSize($size)\n {\n $this->setHeaderParameter('Content-Disposition', 'size', $size);\n\n return $this;\n }\n\n /**\n * Set the file that this attachment is for.", "\n *\n * @param string $contentType optional\n *\n * @return $this\n */\n public function setFile(Swift_FileStream $file, $contentType = null)\n {\n $this->setFilename(basename($file->getPath()));\n $this->setBody($file, $contentType);\n if (!", "isset($contentType)) {\n $extension = strtolower(substr($file->getPath(), strrpos($file->getPath(), '.') ", "+ 1));\n\n if (array_key_exists($extension, $this->mimeTypes)) {\n $this->setContentType($this->mimeTypes[$extension]);\n }\n }\n\n return $this;\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Browse \"Military\"\n\nWe celebrate the heroism and mourn the sacrifices of our military through two world wars, and assorted other foreign conflicts and peacekeeping missions. ", "Yet less attention has been paid to the related efforts of women — in particular, the nurses who have built their own proud tradition of service and sacrifice.", "\n\nBetween 1942 and 1947, the Canadian government brought 47,783 \"war brides” and their 21,950 children to Canada. ", "Most of these women were from Great Britain, where Canadian forces had been based during the Second World War. ", "Although the voyage and transition were difficult for many war brides, most persevered and grew to love their adopted homeland.", "\n\nAndrew Hamilton Gault, army officer (born in England 18 August 1882; died at Montréal 28 November 1958). ", "Of Canadian parents, he attended McGill University. ", "Commissioned in the 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles, he served in the South African War and joined the Canadian Militia on return to Canada.", "\n\nThe crew took off on its 13th sortie on 12 June 1944 to bomb a German supply line at Cambrai, France. ", "Just after midnight, they were fired on by a German JU-88 fighter, sustaining heavy damage. ", "The pilot ordered the crew to bail out.", "\n\nGrowing up in north Winnipeg, one of my most poignant memories of Remembrance Day was attending a school assembly at Andrew Mynarski VC Junior High. ", "On that day, I watched tears of pride stream down the cheeks of Mynarski's mother as the principal told us the story of her son's sacrifice.", "\n\nSir Archibald Campbell, soldier, colonial administrator (b 12 Mar 1769; d in Eng 6 Oct 1843). ", "After a distinguished military career in India, Portugal and Burma, he became lieutenant-governor of NB in 1831. ", "Aloof and authoritarian, he was soon at odds with the Reform group in the Assembly.", "\n\nJohn Archibald (Archie) MacNaughton, soldier, farmer (born 7 October 1896 in Black River Bridge, NB; died 6 June 1944 in Normandy, France). ", "Archie MacNaughton fought in both the First World War and Second World War. ", "MacNaughton rose to the rank of major and was a well-respected officer with the North Shore New Brunswick Regiment. ", "When he was 47 years old, MacNaughton led North Shore’s “A” Company into Normandy on D-Day. ", "He was killed in action while pushing inland from Juno Beach.", "\n\nDuring the Second World War, Canadian women, for the first time, were mobilized for service in the Canadian Armed Forces. ", "Of the roughly 50,000 women who enlisted, more than half served in the Canadian Army.", "\n\nSir George Arthur French, soldier (b at Roscommon, Ire 19 June 1841; d at London, Eng 7 July 1921). ", "A Royal Artillery officer, French established the Canadian Militia gunnery school at Kingston in 1871. ", "As commissioner of the\n\nArthur Herbert Lindesay Richardson, policeman, soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b at Southport, Eng 1872; d at Liverpool, Eng 15 Dec 1932). ", "Richardson served in the NWMP 1894 to 1907. ", "In 1900 he was given leave to fight in the S African War in a Canadian regiment, Lord Strathcona's Horse.", "\n\nArthur Brooke, career soldier (b at Ireland 1772; d at London 1843). ", "Colonel Arthur Brooke is best remembered as one of the two key British commanders during the Battle of North Point (part of the Battle of Baltimore) in the War of 1812.", "\n\nSir George Arthur, soldier, colonial administrator (b at Plymouth, Eng 21 June 1784; d at London, Eng 19 Sept 1854). ", "After an undistinguished military career and 2 minor colonial appointments, he became lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada in 1838.", "\n\nCanada's first official war art program, known as the Canadian War Memorials Fund, was established by Lords Beaverbrook (Max Aitken) and Rothermere under the aegis of the Canadian War Records Office of the Canadian Army during WWI." ]

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[ "# zstd Plugin #\n\nZstandard is a fast and efficient compression algorithm\n\nFor more information about zstd, see\nhttps://github.com/Cyan4973/zstd\n\n## Codecs ##\n\n- **zstd** — Raw zstd data.", "\n\n## Options ##\n\n### Compression-only ###\n\n- **level** — (integer, 1-22, default 9): compression level. ", " Higher\n levels compress slower, but yield a better compression ratio.", "\n\n## License ##\n\nThe zstd plugin is licensed under the [MIT\nLicense](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT), and zstd is licensed\nunder a [2-clause BSD\nlicense](http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause).", "\n" ]

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nGastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide ([@b1-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "Gastric adenocarcinoma has a poor outcome since high percentage of cases present with advanced disease. ", "Chemotherapy has been considered to be useful treatment for advanced gastric cancer, but its current 5-year survival rate is less than 20% ([@b1-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b2-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "Accordingly, the unmet need of effective treatment has led to an intensive effort to examine molecular regulators. ", "Furthermore, based on the previous research that gastric cancer results from accumulated genetic alterations, which affect essential cellular functions for tumorigenesis, investigations to find a good predictive biomarker for targeted therapy have been undertaken in recent years in order to improve present therapeutics ([@b1-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b3-ijo-40-04-1259]).", "\n\nThe PI3K/AKT pathway is known to play a key role in regulating various cellular processes, such as proliferation, growth, apoptosis, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell metabolism ([@b4-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b5-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "In gastric cancer, the PI3K/AKT signaling is inappropriately activated through mutation or alteration of many components of the PI3K pathway. ", "Up to now, the mechanisms observed widely for PI3K/AKT activation in gastric cancer include somatic activating mutations and amplifications in p110α ([@b6-ijo-40-04-1259]--[@b8-ijo-40-04-1259]), loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor ([@b8-ijo-40-04-1259]), and genetic amplifications of AKT1 ([@b9-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "Preclinical study of human gastric cancer cell lines has demonstrated the anti-proliferative effect of PI3K inhibition by LY294002 or mTOR inhibition by everolimus and evidenced the synergistic efficacy with 5-fluorouracil or sunitinib, indicating a role for the PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer carcinogenesis ([@b10-ijo-40-04-1259]--[@b12-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "In addition to gastric adenocarcinoma, the PI3K/AKT pathway has been an attractive target in clinical studies of various human cancers.", "\n\nAgents targeting PI3K/AKT pathway in clinical development are pure PI3K inhibitors including NVP-BKM120, dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitors, AKT inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors. ", "Isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors are also emerging.", "\n\nAccording to previous studies, specific genetic alterations, such as HER2 amplification and PIK3CA mutation, were revealed as biomarkers for sensitivity to the PI3K inhibitor in breast cancer ([@b13-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "However, cancers harboring KRAS mutations are likely to be insensitive to single-agent PI3K inhibitors and showed synergism in combination treatment with MEK inhibitors ([@b14-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b15-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "In other words, KRAS mutant cancers insensitive to single treatment of PI3K inhibitors seem to induce at least one signaling mediator in the alternate pathway, which contributes to resistance. ", "Thus, combined inhibition is required to suppress activation of other pathways and feedback loop-induced activation of other oncogenic signaling pathways, resulting in more potent induction of apoptosis.", "\n\nThe STAT pathway is another possible inducible pathway in response to PI3K inhibition and recently, STAT3 has been reported as an essential molecule in RAS oncogenic transformation ([@b16-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "STATs are latent transcription factors that are involved in cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and immunosuppression ([@b17-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "In diverse cancers including gastric cancer, the STAT pathway, especially STAT3, is constitutively activated and plays a major role in tumorigenesis ([@b17-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b18-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "Thereby, an effort for directly or indirectly targeting the STAT signaling has been made to develop a new approach for effective cancer therapy. ", "For example, preclinical studies of inhibition of STAT3 by STAT3 inhibitors or JAK2 inhibitors showed potent anti-tumor activity in cancers including solid tumors as well as myeloma ([@b19-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b20-ijo-40-04-1259]).", "\n\nIn the present study, we characterized the antitumor effects exerted by Class I PI3K single inhibition and combination with STAT3 inhibition in gastric cancer cell lines for the first time. ", "Results indicate that NVP-BKM120, a pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, is able to inhibit mTOR downstream activation, but induces the phosphorylation of AKT and the activation of p-ERK or p-STAT3 in KRAS mutant gastric cancer cells. ", "The combination of NVP-BKM120 and AG490, a STAT3 inhibitor, showed a synergism leading to apoptosis, but this synergism was only observed in cells harboring mutant KRAS.", "\n\nThus, our result suggests that dual inhibition of PI3K and STAT3 signaling may be an effective therapeutic strategy for KRAS mutant gastric cancer patients.", "\n\nMaterials and methods\n=====================\n\nCell lines\n----------\n\nHuman gastric cancer cell lines (SNU-1, -5, -16, -216, -484, -601, -620, -638, -668 and -719) were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank ([@b21-ijo-40-04-1259]) and AGS was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection. ", "All cell lines were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Hyclone Laboratories, Inc., Logan, UT, USA) and 10 μg/ml gentamicin (Cellgro, Herndon, VA, USA) at 37°C in a 5% CO~2~ humidified atmosphere.", "\n\nReagents\n--------\n\nNVP-BKM120, a pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, was generously provided by Novartis Pharma AG (Basel, Switzerland) ([Fig. ", "1B](#f1-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "NVP-BKM120 inhibits wild-type p110α (IC~50~ 35 nM), with high selectivity toward protein kinases and shows significant antitumor activity in animal models (in the Novartis brochure). ", "It has been in Phase I clinical trials for solid tumors. ", "AG490, a STAT3 inhibitor, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. ", "Stock solutions for both drugs were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at −20°C. ", "NVP-BKM120 and AG490 were diluted in DMSO prior to each experiment, and the final concentration of DMSO was \\<0.1%.", "\n\nAntibodies and Western blotting\n-------------------------------\n\nCells were grown in 100 mm dishes and treated with NVP-BKM120 or AG490 for the indicated concentrations and time. ", "Cells were washed twice with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline and lysed in ice-cold lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1% NP-40, 0.1% sodium deoxycholate, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaF, 1 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM EDTA, and protease inhibitors). ", "20 μg of total proteins were resolved using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ", "The resolved proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and probed with antibodies. ", "Lysates were incubated with antibody overnight at 4°C. ", "Detection was conducted using an enhanced chemiluminescence system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). ", "Antibodies against p110α, p-AKT, p-p70S6K, p-4E-BP1, 4E-BP1, p-STAT3, p-ERK, and Cyclin D1 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. ", "Anti-p110β antibody was acquired from Millipore. ", "Anti-p27 \\[Kip1\\], anti-IRS-1 and anti-Cleaved PARP were acquired from BD Transduction Laboratories. ", "Cyclin B1, PTEN and Actin antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. ", "Anti-α-tubulin antibody was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.", "\n\nCell growth inhibition assay\n----------------------------\n\nTetrazolium dye (MTT; Sigma-Aldrich) assays were used to evaluate the growth inhibitory effects of NVP-BKM120, AG490, or NVP-BKM120 plus AG490. ", "The cells were seeded on 96-well plates at a density of 1,000--3,000 cells per well, incubated for 24 h, and then treated for 72 h with drugs at 37°C. ", "After drug treatment, MTT solution was added to each well and incubated for 4 h at 37°C before the removal of the media. ", "DMSO was then added and mixed thoroughly for 20 min at room temperature. ", "Cell viability was determined by measuring absorbance at 540 nm in a microplate reader (VersaMax, Molecular Devices). ", "The drug concentrations required to inhibit cell growth by 50% were determined through interpolation from the dose-response curves (CalcuSyn, Biosoft). ", "Four replicate wells were used for each analysis, and at least three independent experiments were conducted. ", "The data from replicate wells are presented as the mean numbers of remaining cells, with 95% confidence intervals.", "\n\nCell cycle analysis\n-------------------\n\nCells were seeded in 60-mm dishes and treated with NVP-BKM120, AG490 or NVP-BKM120 plus AG490 for 72 h. Floating and adherent cells were collected by trypsinization and washed once with PBS. ", "Cells were incubated in 70% ethanol at −20°C overnight, treated with 50 μg/ml RNase A, and stained with 50 μg/ml propidium iodide. ", "The cell DNA content (10,000 cells per experimental group) was determined with a flow cytometer (FACS Canto™II, Becton-Dickinson Biosciences) equipped with a ModFit LT program (Verity Software House, Inc.). ", "The experiments were repeated three times.", "\n\nStatistical analysis\n--------------------\n\nAn unpaired two-tailed t-test was used to determine the significance of change in the levels of cell viability and cell cycle analysis between the different treatment groups. ", "Differences between groups were considered statistically significant at P\\<0.05.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nAnti-proliferative effects of NVP-BKM120 on human gastric cancer cell lines\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe baseline levels of p110α, p110β, PTEN, phosphorylated AKT, ERK, and STAT3 in human gastric cancer cell lines were measured by Western blotting. ", "The levels of PTEN, p-AKT, p-ERK and p-STAT3 were expressed to varying degrees in our panel of gastric cancer cell lines and p110α and p110β were expressed to similar degree in all cell lines ([Fig. ", "1A](#f1-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nTo assess the anti-proliferative effects of a pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, NVP-BKM120, on human gastric cancer cells, we exposed 11 human gastric cancer cell lines with different modulations of PI3K/AKT cascade ([Table I](#tI-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Cell growth of all cell lines tested was effectively suppressed by NVP-BKM120 with IC~50~ values ranging from approximately 0.8 to 3 μmol/l ([Table I](#tI-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"table\"}, [Fig. ", "1C](#f1-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In our panel of gastric cancer cell lines, a correlation between the anti-proliferative effect of NVP-BKM120 and the genetic alterations including HER2 amplification, KRAS mutation, and both PIK3CA and KRAS mutation at the same time, was not found ([Fig. ", "1A](#f1-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Additionally, the baseline levels of Cyclin B1 was also irrelevant to the sensitivity to NVP-BKM120 differently from a previous study reporting that cells resistant to PI3K inhibitors expressed high levels of Cyclin B1 ([@b15-ijo-40-04-1259]).", "\n\nThe effect of NVP-BKM120 on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in human gastric cancer cells\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe next evaluated how inhibition of PI3K activity by NVP-BKM120 affects downstream AKT and mTOR activities. ", "Cells were exposed to increased concentrations of NVP-BKM120 for 24 h and then subjected to Western blotting of phosphorylated AKT, 4E-BP1, p70S6K, ERK and STAT3. ", "Dose- and time-response experiments revealed that in SNU-1, SNU-601, and SNU-638 cells, inhibition of PI3K activity resulted in an indirect downstream inhibition of AKT (p70S6K, 4E-BP1, through mTOR) ([Fig. ", "2](#f2-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "However, unlike SNU-638 cells, SNU-1 and SNU-601 cells, which are KRAS mutants, showed increase of AKT phosphorylation in both dose- and time-dependent manner. ", "Presumably, we assumed that it might be due to release of negative feedback loops of AKT signaling. ", "The best-known mechanism includes insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) as an intermediary in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR negative feedback loop ([@b22-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b23-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "Thus, we checked the dephosphorylation status of IRS-1 along with the increasing level of AKT. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "2A](#f2-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}, NVP-BKM120 induced IRS-1 total protein levels in SNU-1 and SNU-601 cell lines, which implies an increase in IRS-1 stability and association with PI3K, but not in SNU-638 cells.", "\n\nIntriguingly, single treatment of NVP-BKM120 induced an alternate pathway in KRAS mutant gastric cancer cell lines in a cell line-specific manner. ", "First, phosphorylation of ERK became induced in SNU-1 cells but decreased in SNU-601 cells though both cell lines are KRAS mutants. ", "Second, p-STAT3 was increased in SNU-601 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but slightly decreased in SNU-1 cells ([Fig. ", "2](#f2-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In contrast to these cell lines, SNU-638 cells did not show any induction of other pathways. ", "This result coincides with previous research with PI3K inhibitors that PI3K inhibitor single treatment induces at least one signaling mediator in the alternate pathway ([@b24-ijo-40-04-1259]).", "\n\nCombined inhibition of PI3K and STAT3 is synergistic in human gastric cancer cells harboring mutated KRAS\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAs [Fig. ", "2](#f2-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"} showed different activation of the other pro-survival pathways in KRAS mutants, we next studied the combination effect of NVP-BKM120 and other inhibitors. ", "Considering the compensatory relationship between RAS/RAF/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, KRAS mutant cancer cell lines have shown a synergistic effect of PI3K and MEK inhibitors. ", "However, in our panel of gastric cancer cell lines while SNU-1 cells showed increase in phosphorylation of ERK, SNU-601 cells showed its decrease along with PI3K inhibition. ", "Also, SNU-601 cells showed activation of STAT3. ", "Since previous research demonstrated that STAT3 is required in KRAS-driven oncogenic transformation ([@b16-ijo-40-04-1259]), we hypothesized that dual inhibition of PI3K and STAT3 would be effective in KRAS mutant gastric cancer cell lines. ", "We used AG490 as a STAT3 inhibitor.", "\n\nTo characterize the level of the interaction (synergistic, additive or antagonistic) between NVP-BKM120 and AG490, combination index (CI) values were calculated based on the Chou and Talalay median-effect principle ([@b25-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "A CI is 1 for additive interactions, greater than 1 for antagonistic interactions, and less than 1 for synergistic interactions. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "3](#f3-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}, the combination of NVP-BKM120 and AG490 induced synergistic killing of KRAS mutant gastric cancer cells at different dose combinations and the synergistic effect was especially distinctive at low dose combinations, contrast to KRAS wild-type SNU-638 cells showing antagonistic effect at low dose combinations. ", "In aggregate, we found that PI3K inhibition by NVP-BKM120 cooperated with AG490 in gastric cancer cells harboring mutated KRAS.", "\n\nThe combination of NVP-BKM120 and AG490 induces apoptosis\n---------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo confirm the synergistic interaction of NVP-BKM120 with AG490, we evaluated the cell cycle distribution in SNU-1, SNU-601 and SNU-638 cells. ", "We incubated SNU-1, SNU-601, and SNU-638 cells for 72 h in the presence of NVP-BKM120 alone, AG490 alone, or combination of NVP-BKM120 and AG490 in concentrations as indicated in [Fig. ", "4A](#f4-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"} and did cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry. ", "We found that concurrent treatment of NVP-BKM120 and AG490 leads to cell death in both SNU-1 and SNU-601 cells, and in SNU-601 cells growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle was detected as well.", "\n\nWe further investigated the relative expression levels of cell-cycle related proteins by Western blotting ([Fig. ", "4B](#f4-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The combination of NVP-BKM120 and AG490 induced expressions of cleaved PARP and p27 and down-regulated Cyclin D1 in SNU-601 cells.", "\n\nThe effect of combined inhibition of PI3K and STAT3 on the signaling of human gastric cancer cells with mutated KRAS\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nBecause we could show that combined treatment of NVP-BKM120 and AG490 caused synergistic inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in KRAS mutant gastric cancer cell lines, SNU-1 and SNU-601, we next examined their effects alone and in combination on signaling pathways. ", "As shown in [Fig. ", "5](#f5-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}, combined inhibition of PI3K and STAT3 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K in SNU-1, SNU-601 and SNU-638 cells. ", "The phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and STAT3 were decreased only in SNU-1 and SNU-601 cells. ", "In KRAS wild-type SNU-638 cells phosphorylation of STAT3 was slightly decreased and no significant change in expression levels of p-ERK and p-4E-BP1 was detected.", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nThe PI3K/AKT signaling axis is generally deregulated by various genetic changes in solid tumors. ", "The aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway contributes to cell survival, protein synthesis and cell metabolism. ", "In gastric cancer, genetic mutation/amplification of PIK3CA, AKT1 and KRAS, and loss of heterozygosity of PTEN have been recognized so far ([@b8-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b9-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "However, it is not well understood how these changes qualitatively or quantitatively affect PI3K signaling and whether gastric cancer harboring these mutations is addicted to PI3K signaling and will be sensitive to PI3K inhibitors.", "\n\nIn this study, we found that during PI3K inhibition, AKT, ERK and/or STAT3 are activated as shown by the increased levels of phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells. ", "This is further supported by previous studies on PI3K pathway that PI3K inhibitor single treatment appears to be not sufficient as it induces at least one signaling mediator in the alternate pathway. ", "One possible reason for the limited efficacy of single PI3K inhibition is the presence of feedback loops. ", "First, as shown in [Fig. ", "2A](#f2-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}, in SNU-1 and SNU-601 cells along with PI3K inhibition by NVP-BKM120 single treatment, AKT is activated through activated mTOR/S6K/IRS-1 negative feedback mechanism. ", "This is in accordance with recent studies that mTOR or AKT inhibition increases PI3K activity and enhances AKT-independent PI3K pathway ([@b23-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b26-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b27-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "Second, our data showed ERK or STAT3 activation after PI3K inhibition alone in KRAS mutant cancer cell lines as a previous study showed that inhibition of mTORC1 induces RAS pathway as well ([@b28-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "This compensatory activation of other pro-survival pathways due to inhibition of the PI3K pathway has been reported as prominent between the PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathways. ", "The PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK signaling pathways influence each other rather than function independently, resulting in active and complex crosstalk. ", "For instance, it has been reported that the interaction of RAS with p110α is required for RAS-driven oncogenic transformation ([@b29-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "In this respect, in cancers, RAS activation may limit the activity of single-agent PI3K inhibitors. ", "One of the most typical resistant mechanisms to PI3K inhibition is activating mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway ([@b14-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b15-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b24-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b30-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b31-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "Therefore, to combine inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway with inhibition of the RAS/MAPK pathway is a possible approach in order to overcome a compensatory interaction between these pathways ([@b14-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b24-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b32-ijo-40-04-1259]).", "\n\nIn contrast to the relation between PI3K and RAS pathways, there has been only a few reports on interaction between PI3K and STAT pathways. ", "STAT3 is a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor and its pathway is one of the key signaling pathways of which deregulation drives tumorigenesis. ", "STAT3 transmits signals to the nucleus where STAT3 binds to specific DNA promoter and regulates gene expression ([@b17-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b33-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "In many human cancers, STAT3 is constitutively activated and has been described as a novel molecular target for cancer drug discovery.", "\n\nAccording to previous studies, mTOR as a serine kinase positively activates STAT3 ([@b34-ijo-40-04-1259],[@b35-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "For RAS-dependent malignant transformation, activated STAT3 is essential ([@b16-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "In addition, activated RAS/MAPK signaling can directly regulate mTOR via p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)-mediated phosphorylation of Raptor independently of the PI3K/AKT pathway ([@b36-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "Taken together, although a PI3K inhibitor suppresses the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, oncogenic RAS activates RAS/mTOR/STAT3 signaling ([Fig. ", "6](#f6-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nTherefore, we hypothesized that in KRAS mutant gastric cancer cells, the blockade of both PI3K/AKT/mTOR and KRAS/mTOR/STAT pathways using NVP-BKM120 and AG490 would be synergistic. ", "We used median-effect analysis of dose-response curves to calculate the CI values and the results were represented as synergy in KRAS-mutated gastric cancer cell lines, SNU-1, SNU-601 and SNU-668. ", "The synergistic effect was demonstrated by induction of apoptosis and by changes of signaling molecules along with combination treatment of NVP-BKM120 and AG490 in SNU-1 and SNU-601 cells.", "\n\nIn case of SNU-668 cells, the effect of concurrent PI3K and STAT3 inhibition on the expression of signaling molecules might be stronger than SNU-1 and SNU-601 cells. ", "Based on the recent study a small reduction in PTEN gene expression can trigger cancer susceptibility, the higher level of PTEN in SNU-668 would play an enhanced role as a negative regulator of STAT3 and mTOR, consequently resulting in more significant molecular change of signaling ([@b37-ijo-40-04-1259]). ", "This is further supported by our previous result that the SNU-668 cell line is less sensitive to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235, compared to other gastric cancer cell lines (data not shown).", "\n\nTo our knowledge, this is the first study to show that concurrent inhibition of PI3K and STAT signaling pathways is synergistically effective in KRAS mutant gastric cancer cells. ", "Therefore, our study suggests the importance to select appropriate patient subpopulations for clinical study. ", "PI3K blockade in combination with STAT3 inhibitors may benefit patients with gastric cancer exhibiting oncogenic KRAS.", "\n\nThis study was supported in part by research grant from Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University (cri-09-5) and by the BK21 project from the ministry of Education and Human Resources Development. ", "Yung-Jue Bang received research funding from Novartis; all the other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.", "\n\n{#f1-ijo-40-04-1259}\n\n{#f2-ijo-40-04-1259}\n\n{#f3-ijo-40-04-1259}\n\n{#f4-ijo-40-04-1259}\n\n{#f5-ijo-40-04-1259}\n\n{#f6-ijo-40-04-1259}\n\n###### \n\nSensitivity of NVP-BKM120 in human gastric cancer cell lines.", "\n\n Cell lines KRAS Others BKM120 IC~50~ (μmol/l)\n ------------ ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------\n SNU-601 MT, G12D 0.816±0.063\n SNU-1 MT, G12D 1.082±0.028\n SNU-668 MT, Q61K 1.579±0.074\n AGS MT, G12D PIK3CA, E453K[a](#tfn2-ijo-40-04-1259){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 1.741±0.117\n SNU-216 WT HER2 amplification 2.692±0.082\n SNU-5 WT MET amplification 1.351±0.091\n SNU-638 WT MET amplification 2.282±0.053\n SNU-16 WT FGFR2 amplification 1.573±0.001\n SNU-484 WT 1.728±0.045\n SNU-620 WT 2.939±0.001\n SNU-719 WT 3.037±0.032\n\nShown are IC~50~ values of each drug using tetrazolium dye (MTT) assays as described in Materials and methods.", "\n\nPIK3CA mutation status refer to the Cancer Genome Project database from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute ([www.sanger.ac.uk](www.sanger.ac.uk)).", "\n\nMT, mutant; WT, wild-type.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "The GM's Guide recapitulates the basic game rules and provides extensive information on magical spells that may be available. ", "Several character builds are provided. ", "The bulk of the product, however, details the setting of the vast Dyson Sphere in which the game takes place (including several maps).", "\n\nThe product occasionally refers to the game as A Slight Mistake in the Code though usually uses only A Slight Mistake." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006005131872370839, 0.0005814340547658503, 0.0005679714377038181, 0.000642793660517782 ]

[ "In typical computer systems, processors are implemented to operate on values represented by a large number of bits (e.g., 64) using instructions that produce one result. ", "For example, the execution of an add instruction will add together a first 64-bit value and a second 64-bit value and store the result as a third 64-bit value. ", "Multimedia applications (e.g., applications targeted at computer supported cooperation (CSC—the integration of teleconferencing with mixed media data manipulation), 2D/3D graphics, image processing, video compression/decompression, recognition algorithms and audio manipulation) require the manipulation of large amounts of data. ", "The data may be represented by a single large value (e.g., 64 bits or 128 bits), or may instead be represented in a small number of bits (e.g., 8 or 16 or 32 bits). ", "For example, graphical data may be represented by 8 or 16 bits, sound data may be represented by 8 or 16 bits, integer data may be represented by 8, 16 or 32 bits, and floating point data may be represented by 32 or 64 bits.", "\nTo improve efficiency of multimedia applications (as well as other applications that have the same characteristics), processors may provide packed data formats. ", "A packed data format is one in which the bits typically used to represent a single value are broken into a number of fixed sized data elements, each of which represents a separate value. ", "For example, a 128-bit register may be broken into four 32-bit elements, each of which represents a separate 32-bit value. ", "In this manner, these processors can more efficiently process multimedia applications." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "// Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style\n// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.", "\n\npackage japanese\n\nimport (\n\t\"unicode/utf8\"\n\n\t\"golang.org/x/text/encoding\"\n\t\"golang.org/x/text/encoding/internal\"\n\t\"golang.org/x/text/encoding/internal/identifier\"\n\t\"golang.org/x/text/transform\"\n)\n\n// ShiftJIS is the Shift JIS encoding, also known as Code Page 932 and\n// Windows-31J.\nvar ShiftJIS encoding.", "Encoding = &shiftJIS\n\nvar shiftJIS = internal.", "Encoding{\n\t&internal.", "SimpleEncoding{shiftJISDecoder{}, shiftJISEncoder{}},\n\t\"Shift JIS\",\n\tidentifier.", "ShiftJIS,\n}\n\ntype shiftJISDecoder struct{ transform.", "NopResetter }\n\nfunc (shiftJISDecoder) Transform(dst, src []byte, atEOF bool) (nDst, nSrc int, err error) {\n\tr, size := rune(0), 0\nloop:\n\tfor ; nSrc < len(src); nSrc += size {\n\t\tswitch c0 := src[nSrc]; {\n\t\tcase c0 < utf8.RuneSelf:\n\t\t\tr, size = rune(c0), 1\n\n\t\tcase 0xa1 <= c0 && c0 < 0xe0:\n\t\t\tr, size = rune(c0)+(0xff61-0xa1), 1\n\n\t\tcase (0x81 <= c0 && c0 < 0xa0) || (0xe0 <= c0 && c0 < 0xfd):\n\t\t\tif c0 <= 0x9f {\n\t\t\t\tc0 -= 0x70\n\t\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t\tc0 -= 0xb0\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tc0 = 2*c0 - 0x21\n\n\t\t\tif nSrc+1 >= len(src) {\n\t\t\t\tif !", "atEOF {\n\t\t\t\t\terr = transform.", "ErrShortSrc\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak loop\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tr, size = '\\ufffd', 1\n\t\t\t\tgoto write\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tc1 := src[nSrc+1]\n\t\t\tswitch {\n\t\t\tcase c1 < 0x40:\n\t\t\t\tr, size = '\\ufffd', 1 // c1 is ASCII so output on next round\n\t\t\t\tgoto write\n\t\t\tcase c1 < 0x7f:\n\t\t\t\tc0--\n\t\t\t\tc1 -= 0x40\n\t\t\tcase c1 == 0x7f:\n\t\t\t\tr, size = '\\ufffd', 1 // c1 is ASCII so output on next round\n\t\t\t\tgoto write\n\t\t\tcase c1 < 0x9f:\n\t\t\t\tc0--\n\t\t\t\tc1 -= 0x41\n\t\t\tcase c1 < 0xfd:\n\t\t\t\tc1 -= 0x9f\n\t\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t\tr, size = '\\ufffd', 2\n\t\t\t\tgoto write\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tr, size = '\\ufffd', 2\n\t\t\tif i := int(c0)*94 + int(c1); i < len(jis0208Decode) {\n\t\t\t\tr = rune(jis0208Decode[i])\n\t\t\t\tif r == 0 {\n\t\t\t\t\tr = '\\ufffd'\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\tcase c0 == 0x80:\n\t\t\tr, size = 0x80, 1\n\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\tr, size = '\\ufffd', 1\n\t\t}\n\twrite:\n\t\tif nDst+utf8.RuneLen(r) > len(dst) {\n\t\t\terr = transform.", "ErrShortDst\n\t\t\tbreak loop\n\t\t}\n\t\tnDst += utf8.EncodeRune(dst[nDst:], r)\n\t}\n\treturn nDst, nSrc, err\n}\n\ntype shiftJISEncoder struct{ transform.", "NopResetter }\n\nfunc (shiftJISEncoder) Transform(dst, src []byte, atEOF bool) (nDst, nSrc int, err error) {\n\tr, size := rune(0), 0\nloop:\n\tfor ; nSrc < len(src); nSrc += size {\n\t\tr = rune(src[nSrc])\n\n\t\t// Decode a 1-byte rune.", "\n\t\tif r < utf8.RuneSelf {\n\t\t\tsize = 1\n\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\t// Decode a multi-byte rune.", "\n\t\t\tr, size = utf8.DecodeRune(src[nSrc:])\n\t\t\tif size == 1 {\n\t\t\t\t// All valid runes of size 1 (those below utf8.RuneSelf) were\n\t\t\t\t// handled above. ", "We have invalid UTF-8 or we haven't seen the\n\t\t\t\t// full character yet.", "\n\t\t\t\tif !", "atEOF && !", "utf8.FullRune(src[nSrc:]) {\n\t\t\t\t\terr = transform.", "ErrShortSrc\n\t\t\t\t\tbreak loop\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t// func init checks that the switch covers all tables.", "\n\t\t\tswitch {\n\t\t\tcase encode0Low <= r && r < encode0High:\n\t\t\t\tif r = rune(encode0[r-encode0Low]); r>>tableShift == jis0208 {\n\t\t\t\t\tgoto write2\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase encode1Low <= r && r < encode1High:\n\t\t\t\tif r = rune(encode1[r-encode1Low]); r>>tableShift == jis0208 {\n\t\t\t\t\tgoto write2\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase encode2Low <= r && r < encode2High:\n\t\t\t\tif r = rune(encode2[r-encode2Low]); r>>tableShift == jis0208 {\n\t\t\t\t\tgoto write2\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase encode3Low <= r && r < encode3High:\n\t\t\t\tif r = rune(encode3[r-encode3Low]); r>>tableShift == jis0208 {\n\t\t\t\t\tgoto write2\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase encode4Low <= r && r < encode4High:\n\t\t\t\tif r = rune(encode4[r-encode4Low]); r>>tableShift == jis0208 {\n\t\t\t\t\tgoto write2\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tcase encode5Low <= r && r < encode5High:\n\t\t\t\tif 0xff61 <= r && r < 0xffa0 {\n\t\t\t\t\tr -= 0xff61 - 0xa1\n\t\t\t\t\tgoto write1\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif r = rune(encode5[r-encode5Low]); r>>tableShift == jis0208 {\n\t\t\t\t\tgoto write2\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\terr = internal.", "ErrASCIIReplacement\n\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t}\n\n\twrite1:\n\t\tif nDst >= len(dst) {\n\t\t\terr = transform.", "ErrShortDst\n\t\t\tbreak\n\t\t}\n\t\tdst[nDst] = uint8(r)\n\t\tnDst++\n\t\tcontinue\n\n\twrite2:\n\t\tj1 := uint8(r>>codeShift) & codeMask\n\t\tj2 := uint8(r) & codeMask\n\t\tif nDst+2 > len(dst) {\n\t\t\terr = transform.", "ErrShortDst\n\t\t\tbreak loop\n\t\t}\n\t\tif j1 <= 61 {\n\t\t\tdst[nDst+0] = 129 + j1/2\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tdst[nDst+0] = 193 + j1/2\n\t\t}\n\t\tif j1&1 == 0 {\n\t\t\tdst[nDst+1] = j2 + j2/63 + 64\n\t\t} else {\n\t\t\tdst[nDst+1] = j2 + 159\n\t\t}\n\t\tnDst += 2\n\t\tcontinue\n\t}\n\treturn nDst, nSrc, err\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0007315305410884321, 0.0006133938441053033, 0.0006340580875985324, 0.0006799526745453477, 0.0007814930286258459, 0.0007136062486097217, 0.000671370595227927, 0.0010054733138531446, 0.0029614935629069805, 0.0015019207494333386, 0.006865575909614563, 0.0022800147999078035, 0.0008660766761749983, 0.000980998040176928, 0.0007302228477783501, 0.000718500989023596, 0.002488866914063692, 0.011147277429699898, 0.0008925509173423052, 0.0007942829397507012, 0.008130798116326332, 0.002382927341386676, 0.0030800735112279654, 0.005240257829427719 ]

[ "// Sizing shortcuts\n\n.size(@width; @height) {\n width: @width;\n height: @height;\n}\n\n.square(@size) {\n .size(@size; @size);\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.000979378237389028 ]