Datasets:

tomekkorbak

/

detoxify-pile-chunk3-3350000-3400000

like 0

[ "PHOTO GALLERY ()\n\nDecember 2010 Whoops!", "\n\nLeft Out\nThey told me to keep left!", "\nRyan Durrant\nvia 4wheeloffroad.com\n\nThe Long & Short\nThis short mud ride quickly turned into a long two-day extraction party! ", "After making a bunch of calls we were finally able to locate a truck with a winch strong enough to pull us out.", "Roger Tankesly\nvia 4wheeloffroad.com\n\nSubmission Information\nSend us your wheeling foul-ups! ", "Letters must be signed by the vehicle's owner. ", "Due to the large volume of mail we receive, we regret that not all submissions can be used and none will be returned. ", "Digital photos must measure at least 1,600 by 1,200 pixels (or two megapixels) and be saved as a TIFF, an EPS, or a maximum-quality JPEG file. ", "Write to: Whoops!, ", "4-Wheel & Off-Road, 831 S. Douglas St., El Segundo, CA 90245 Email to: whoops@4wheeloffroad.com" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.001082852017134428, 0.0030974976252764463, 0.0008437997312285006, 0.0012870357604697347, 0.015148553997278214, 0.0005444327252916992, 0.000624479609541595, 0.0006821823189966381, 0.0016912942519411445, 0.0008014090126380324 ]

[ "If there is one thing that I'm obsessed with, it has to be glitter. ", "So when I saw those stunning metalic pleated pants you could imagine how excited I got! ", "Until now I've been limiting my love for glitter to my nails and eye make-up, but fashion is all about experimenting :) If you feel like you love something, own it. ", "To be honest, I was not quite sure when I was at the store shopping for these babies. ", "I was there with my sisters, and we all have very different tastes, and when I rushed looking for them, excited as I was, they turned the pants down! ", "But this time I had to follow my gut and just trust my taste, and be confident that I can rock these metalic beautiful pants! ", "So next time you're shopping, if you are absolutely positively sure that an amazing item matches your style perfectly, don't let even the closest people to you make you doubt in your choice! ", "To be on the safe side make sure they have a good return policy! ", "Until next time, xoxo" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0009289595182053745, 0.044835466891527176, 0.0008747322717681527, 0.0007710216450504959, 0.004734368529170752, 0.24868586659431458, 0.0017693679546937346, 0.0009606499224901199, 0.0016377681167796254 ]

[ "Q:\n\ncreating android apps\n\nIm a C# developer (sarted a few months ago) and I always been an android fanatic. ", "Now, I know that android apps are developed in java. ", "Since java and c# are quite similar, Im wondering if I can develop android apps using c#, or do I have to learn java?", "\n\nA:\n\nYes you can create Android apps via. ", "C# - I think the best thing to look into in your case would be Mono for android.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0009494622354395688, 0.0006316430517472327, 0.0006472292589023709, 0.0006302708061411977, 0.0006141402991488576, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "Kharman Kola\n\nKharman Kola (, also Romanized as Kharman Kolā) is a village in Dasht-e Sar Rural District, Dabudasht District, Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. ", "At the 2006 census, its population was 194, in 49 families.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Populated places in Amol County" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0018847883911803365, 0.0012028728378936648, 0.0006261473754420877 ]

[ "Modification of the protein expression pattern induced in the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia sp. ", "strain ACN14a-tsr by root exudates of its symbiotic host Alnus glutinosa and cloning of the sodF gene.", "\nTwo-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect proteins induced in Frankia sp. ", "strain ACN14a-tsr by root exudates of its symbiotic host, Alnus glutinosa. ", "The 5 most prominent proteins were purified from 2-D gels and characterized by N-terminal sequencing. ", "All of these proteins had a high percentage of similarity with known stress proteins. ", "One protein match was the Fe superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), another was a tellurite resistance protein (Ter), the third was a bacterioferritin comigratory protein (Bcp); and two matches, differing only by their isoelectric point, were the same small heat shock protein (Hsp), a major immune reactive protein found in mycobacteria. ", "This suggests that the symbiotic microorganism Frankia, first responds with a normal stress response to toxic root products of its symbiotic host plant. ", "To confirm its identity, the gene corresponding to the Fe-SOD protein, sodF was isolated from a genomic library by a PCR-approach and sequenced. ", "It is the first stress response gene characterized in Frankia." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0008073209319263697, 0.00088872155174613, 0.0006884309113956988, 0.0010837095323950052, 0.0007937427144497633, 0.0005687276716344059, 0.0008001229143701494, 0.0010890117846429348, 0.0005568595370277762, 0.0006692091701552272 ]

[ "CHANDIGARH: The US state of California saw two incidents of Sikhs being targeted in the span of a week, but the reaction to the developments that followed the August 6 assault on Sahib Singh Natt (71) has been very different. ", "Natt was kicked, abused and spat at in a residential street in Manteca, California , by two teenaged boys, with an intention to rob him, leaving people aghast.", "\n\nActing swiftly, two days later, California police arrested a 16-year-old, whose name was withheld because of his age, and Tyrone McAllister (18), the estranged son of Darryl McAllister, the chief of the union city police department, south of Oakland, California. ", "The latter was charged on Saturday.", "\n\nFollowing his son’s arrest, Darryl posted an apology on his department’s Facebook page. \"", "A 71-year old Sikh man was accosted by two young men as he innocently walked down a Manteca sidewalk next to a park. ", "The greater Sikh community is devastated (by the incident). ", "Violence and hatred is not what we have taught our children; intolerance for others is not even in our vocabulary, let alone our values,\" Darryl said in his apology to the Sikh community.", "\n\nIn the true spirit values of Sikhism , the Punjabis in California have come out in support for Darryl and taken this apology from a distraught father in a very supportive manner.", "\n\n\"If he (accused) did that crime, he will pay for it. ", "My prayers are with your (Darryl’s) family and Sikh man Sahib Singh Natt … Once again thanks for being transparent and sharing the post,\" wrote Makhan Singh Bains, president of Raja Sweets & Indian Cuisine and a resident of Fermont, California.", "\n\nBains also urged some members of the Sikh community, who are giving threats to Darryl and his family, to refrain from such activities.", "\n\nHarjot Hundal, owner of Gabroo TV that promotes Sikh and Punjabi culture in the US, said, \"This post is re-assuring and heartfelt. ", "Though I despise your (Darryl’s) son for what he did, but I hope you, and we (the Sikh community) show him love and compassion to help bring him back on the right path.\"", "\n\nJaswinder Singh Jandi, in his post, offered prayers and support to Darryl McAllister on behalf of the Sikh community of the Bay Area and Union City, saing that Darryl has always been there to stand with the Sikh community, especially in matters of hate crime and discrimination.", "\n\nHundreds of people thanked the police chief for the apology. \"", "Sometimes the actions of our kids are inevitable. ", "I am proud of chief McAllister for being upfront and forthright. ", "I request the Sikh community to put themselves in the chief’s shoes and support him for making the right decision,\" said Rana Kahlon, a resident of Turlock, a city in stanislaus county in California.", "\n\nManteca city council member Gary Singh said Sikh community of the area has come together against this horrendous crime. ", "Police have also reacted fast, adding that the incident has hit all people in Manteca hard.", "\n\nFrequent targets\n\nThough the Manteca police did not brand the attack as a hate crime, Sikhs have frequently been targets of racial assaults in the US, especially after the September 11 attacks. ", "According to available figures, there are more than 25 million Sikhs globally, with around 500,000 based in different parts of the US.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006043562316335738, 0.2005099058151245, 0.0010462054051458836, 0.0007515219040215015, 0.0008253220003098249, 0.009838868863880634, 0.0006529870443046093, 0.021183397620916367, 0.0006676191696897149, 0.01990683004260063, 0.0015147409867495298, 0.0028979377821087837, 0.0006980300531722605, 0.004287552088499069, 0.0011360353091731668, 0.0005394963664002717, 0.000844129070173949, 0.0006188083789311349, 0.0012168833054602146, 0.004157294053584337, 0.0008401772938668728, 0.003178519895300269, 0.0006707806023769081, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "Keagan Kang\n\nKeagan Kang (born 5 May 1976, in Perth, Western Australia) is an Australian actor.", "\n\nKang's first professional acting role was in Sweat. ", "Soon after, a theatre director invited him to star in the stage play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead in Singapore, and his career grew. ", "Some of Kang's notable stage performances include Wit by Margaret Edson, Horst in Bent, Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet, and Gideon in Fairytaleheart. ", "His film credits include City Sharks, No Through Road, Spoilt, and 2000 AD. ", "Most recently Kang starred in the Australian-Canadian television series Stormworld, and the Australian film Woody Island.", "\nKeagan also played a huge part in a drama series, Code Of Law (Singapore TV Series), playing a criminal defence lawyer, Jacob Fernandez.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1976 births\nCategory:Male actors from Perth, Western Australia\nCategory:Living people" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0016617529327049851, 0.0024581672623753548, 0.0009017529664561152, 0.0007312343223020434, 0.0007450389675796032, 0.0006076069548726082, 0.0007022463250905275, 0.0006509750382974744 ]

[ "Earlier this week we reported on Sand Hook reference in batman \"The Dark Knight Rises\" movie. ", "Read more Now in latest development, according to CNN since last three years there are no records of Adam Lanza who according to official story shot dead 20 children and six adults.", "In another twist Police backtrack. ", "Now they are aaying Adam Lanza was NOT in altercation at School Day before Sandy Hook mass shooting.", "Earlier this week, Connecticut police threaten to arrest independent journalists or whistle-blowers, who questions their version of the story.", "Source : naturalnews.com" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0005724533111788332, 0.002147817751392722, 0.01288189459592104, 0.0007509563001804054, 0.0010209549218416214, 0.0007479641935788095 ]

[ "Q:\n\nInfluence of a data point on the regression result?", "\n\nLet's say I perform multiple regression where y = income, x1 = educaiton, x2 = sex, and x3 = religion from 2003 to 2018, where the data is measured daily.", "\nIs there any way to quantify an impact of a single day data (e.x. ", "2005-07-01) on the regression result?", "\n\nA:\n\nCheck Cook's distance (measures influence of a point on the regression equation) - http://www.statisticshowto.com/cooks-distance/\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006575157749466598, 0.0010738243581727147, 0.0006140477489680052, 0.0007077944464981556, 0.0006027377676218748 ]

[ "---\nabstract: 'We consider co-rotational wave maps from Minkowski space in $d+1$ dimensions to the $d$-sphere. ", "Recently, Bizoń and Biernat found explicit self-similar solutions for each dimension $d\\geq 4$. We give a rigorous proof for the mode stability of these self-similar wave maps.'", "\naddress:\n- 'Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, 231 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA'\n- 'Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Mathematisches Institut, Endenicher Allee 60, D-53115 Bonn, Germany'\n- 'Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, A-1090 Vienna, Austria'\n- 'Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, 231 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA'\nauthor:\n- Ovidiu Costin\n- Roland Donninger\n- Irfan Glogić\nbibliography:\n- 'references1.bib'\ntitle: 'Mode stability of self-similar wave maps in higher dimensions'\n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nLet $(M,g)$ be a Riemannian manifold with metric $g$. Wave maps on $(d+1)$-dimensional Minkowski space $({\\mathbb{R}}^{1,d},\\eta)$ arise from the geometric action principle $$S(u)=\\int_{{\\mathbb{R}}^{1,d}}\\eta^{\\mu\\nu}(u^* g)_{\\mu\\nu}=\\int_{{\\mathbb{R}}^{1,d}}\\eta^{\\mu\\nu}\\partial_\\mu u^a \\partial_\\nu u^b g_{ab}\\circ u$$ as solutions $u: {\\mathbb{R}}^{1,d}\\to M$ of the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation. ", "The wave maps action is a rich source for interesting nonlinear relativistic field theories that play an important role in mathematical physics, e.g. as models for Einstein’s equation or in the description of ferromagnetism. ", "Furthermore, wave maps are prototypical examples of geometric wave equations that attracted a lot of interest from the PDE community, see e.g. [@Str03; @KriSchTat08; @SteTat10; @RodSte10; @KriSch12; @RapRod12; @CotKenLawSch15a; @CotKenLawSch15b] for some recent contributions to the large-data problem.", "\n\nIn this paper we restrict ourselves to the special case $M=\\mathbb{S}^d$. By choosing standard hyperspherical coordinates on $\\mathbb{S}^d$ and spherical coordinates on Minkowski space, one may consider so-called co-rotational maps $u: {\\mathbb{R}}^{1,d}\\to \\mathbb{S}^d$ which are of the form $u(t,r,\\omega)=(\\psi(t,r),\\omega)$, where $\\omega\\in \\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$. Under this symmetry assumption the wave maps equation reduces to the single semilinear wave equation $$\\label{eq:main} \\psi_{tt}-\\psi_{rr}-\\frac{d-1}{r}\\psi_r=-\\frac{(d-1)\\sin(\\psi)\\cos(\\psi)}{r^2},$$ see [@CazShaTah98]. ", "In the case $d=3$, Eq.", "  admits the explicit self-similar solution $$\\psi^T(t,r)=2\\arctan\\left (\\frac{r}{T-t}\\right ),$$ where $T>0$ is the blow-up time [@Sha88; @TurSpe90]. ", "Based on numerics [@BizChmTab00], $\\psi^T$ is conjectured to describe the generic blow-up profile. ", "The nonlinear asymptotic stability of $\\psi^T$ was rigorously proved in [@Don11; @DonSchAic12; @CosDonXia14], see also [@DonSch12; @Don14; @DonSch14; @DonSch14a; @Don15] for similar results related to other equations. ", "In the case $d\\geq 4$, Bizoń and Biernat [@BizonBiernat15] discovered the explicit self-similar solution $$\\label{eq:BBsol}\n\\psi^T(t,r)=2\\arctan\\left(\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{d-2}}\\frac{r}{T-t}\\right).$$ In the same paper, it is conjectured that this solution exhibits a stable blowup pattern and numerical evidence is provided in support of this conjecture. ", "In the present paper we address the stability question for self-similar solutions and we rigorously prove the *mode stability* of the Bizoń-Biernat solution for all $d\\geq 3$.\n\nMode stability problem\n======================\n\nThe problem of mode stability can be formulated for explicit self-similar solutions coming from a non-linear radial wave equation of the general form $$\\label{eq:general} \n \\psi_{tt}-\\psi_{rr}-\\frac{d-1}{r}\\psi_r=-\\frac{g(\\psi)}{r^2}.$$ Therefore, we describe it in this more general context.", "\n\nSelf-similar solutions\n----------------------\n\nEquations of the type  have the natural scaling $$\\psi(t,r)\\mapsto \\psi_{\\lambda}(t,r)=\\psi\\left(\\frac{t}{{\\lambda}},\\frac{r}{{\\lambda}}\\right),\\quad \\lambda>0.$$ Therefore, self-similar solutions to  have the form $$\\label{self-similar_ansatz}\n\\psi(t,r)=f(\\rho),\\quad \\rho=\\frac{r}{T-t},$$ where a positive parameter $T$ is allowed due to the time translation symmetry of . ", "By inserting the ansatz  into  we get an ordinary differential equation for $f$, $$\\label{eq:ODEansatz}\n (1-\\rho^2)f''+\\left(\\frac{d-1}{\\rho}-2\\rho\\right)f'-\\frac{g(f)}{\\rho^2}=0.$$ Note that $$\\frac{\\partial^n}{\\partial r^n}f\\left(\\frac{r}{T-t}\\right)\\bigg|_{r=0}=\\frac{1}{(T-t)^n}f^{(n)}(0).$$ Therefore, if a solution to equation  has a non-vanishing derivative at zero, it provides an example of a solution to equation that develops a singularity as $t\\rightarrow T^-$. Since the breakdown happens at $(T,0)$, and due to finite speed of propagation, we are interested only in solutions in the backward light-cone of the blow-up point $(T,0)$, which corresponds to $\\rho\\in[0,1]$. Consequently, we restrict our attention to solutions of  that are smooth on $[0,1]$.\n\nMode stability\n--------------\n\nLet $$\\psi^T(t,r)=f\\left(\\frac{r}{T-t}\\right)$$ be a self-similar solution (a family of solutions, to be precise) to , for some $f\\in C{^{\\infty}[0,1]}$, that exhibits a finite time blow-up at $t=T$. Our aim is to analyze the stability of this solution.", "\n\nDue to the self-similarity of $\\psi^T$, it is convenient to introduce the similarity coordinates $$\\label{eq:sim_coordinates}\n \\tau=-\\log(T-t)\\quad \\text{and} \\quad \\rho=\\frac{r}{T-t}.$$ Equation  is thereby transformed into $$\\label{eq:main2}\n\\phi_{\\tau\\tau}+\\phi_\\tau+2\\rho\\phi_{\\tau\\rho}-(1-\\rho^2)\\phi_{\\rho\\rho}-\\left(\\frac{d-1}{\\rho}-2\\rho\\right)\\phi_\\rho=-\\frac{g(\\phi)}{\\rho^2},$$ where $\\phi(\\tau,\\rho)=\\psi(T-e^{-\\tau},\\rho e^{-\\tau})$. Note that in the coordinates above, the problem of stability of finite time blow-up $(t\\rightarrow T^-)$ is transformed into an asymptotic stability $(\\tau\\rightarrow\\infty)$ problem. ", "Following standard methods, we look for solutions to  of the type $$\\label{mode_ansatz} \\phi(\\tau,\\rho)=f(\\rho)+e^{\\lambda\\tau}u_\\lambda(\\rho),\\qquad \\lambda\\in {\\mathbb{C}}.$$ By inserting the so-called *mode ansatz*  into equation  and linearizing in $u_{{\\lambda}}$ we get a generalized eigenvalue equation $$\\label{eq:linODE}\n (1-\\rho^2)u_{\\lambda}''+\\left[\\frac{d-1}{\\rho}-2({\\lambda}+1)\\rho\\right]u'_{\\lambda}-{\\lambda}({\\lambda}+1)u_{\\lambda}-V(\\rho)u_{\\lambda}=0,$$ where $$\\label{eq:modePOT}\nV(\\rho)=\\frac{g'(f(\\rho))}{\\rho^2}.$$ By admissible solutions[^1] to  we mean the ones that belong to $C^\\infty[0,1]$, and call them *mode solutions*. ", "Consequently, a non-zero mode solution $u_{{\\lambda}}$ to   with ${\\operatorname{Re}}{\\lambda}\\geq 0$ is called an *unstable mode*, and the corresponding ${\\lambda}$ is called an (*unstable*) *eigenvalue*.", "\n\nAs a matter of fact, due to the freedom of choice of the parameter $T$, equation  has an unstable mode solution that corresponds to $\\lambda=1$. Indeed, if we write  as $$\\label{eq:nonlinoper}\n\\mathcal{N}(\\psi)=0,$$ then due to the existence of the one parameter family of solutions $\\psi^T$ to  we have $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\nonumber 0=\\partial_T[\\mathcal{N}(\\psi^T)]=\\mathcal{N}'(\\psi^T)\\partial_T \\psi^T&=\\mathcal{N}'(\\psi^T)\\left[-\\frac{r}{(T-t)^2}f'\\left(\\frac{r}{T-t}\\right)\\right]\\\\\n&=\\mathcal{N}'(\\psi^T)[-e^{\\tau}\\rho f'(\\rho)].\\end{aligned}$$ Hence, for ${\\lambda}=1$, equation  has the mode solution $$\\label{eq:u1}\n u_1(\\rho)=\\rho f'(\\rho),$$ which we call the *symmetry mode*. ", "For this reason, the *symmetry eigenvalue* ${\\lambda}=1$ does not correspond to a “real\" instability of the solution $\\psi^T$, and we are therefore led to the following definition.", "\n\nThe solution $\\psi^T$ *(*or $f$*)* is said to be *mode stable* if $u_1$ is the only unstable mode.", "\n\nWe now state our main result.", "\n\n\\[thm:main\\] For any dimension $d\\geq 3$, the Bizoń-Biernat solution  is mode stable.", "\n\nThe case $d=3$ is treated in [@CosDonXia14]. ", "However the method developed in [@CDGH16] gives rise to a much shorter proof which we include at the end (see §\\[sec\\_d=3\\]). ", "Furthermore, we remark that the spectral problem is truly non-self-adjoint, i.e., it cannot be transformed to a standard self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville problem (see [@CDGH16] for a discussion on this). ", "Consequently, standard methods do not apply. ", "Also, the method developed in [@CDGH16] is not directly applicable in the general case, when the dimension $d$ is not fixed. ", "For that reason, an improvement of that method is required in order to account for the additional parameter, $d$.\n\nThe supersymmetric problem {#SUSYproblem}\n==========================\n\nFor the further analysis it is convenient to “remove\" the eigenvalue ${\\lambda}=1$. More precisely, we wish to formulate a dual problem to  that contains all its unstable eigenvalues except for ${\\lambda}=1$, and then prove non-existence of unstable eigenvalues for the new problem. ", "We derive the dual problem by a suitable adaptation of a well-known procedure from supersymmetric quantum mechanics, which we briefly describe here.", "\n\nInterlude on SUSY quantum mechanics\n-----------------------------------\n\nConsider the Schrödinger operator $H=-\\partial_x^2+V$ on $L^2({\\mathbb{R}})$ with some nice potential $V$ and suppose there exists a ground state $f_0 \\in L^2({\\mathbb{R}})\\cap C^\\infty({\\mathbb{R}})$, i.e., $f_0''=Vf_0$. Assume further that $f_0$ has no zeros. ", "Then one has the factorization $$-\\partial_x^2 + V=\\left (-\\partial_x-\\frac{f_0'}{f_0}\\right )\n\\left (\\partial_x-\\frac{f_0'}{f_0} \\right )=:Q^*Q.$$ By interchanging the order of this factorization, one defines the SUSY partner $\\tilde H$ of $H$, i.e., $\\tilde H:=QQ^*$. Explicitly, the SUSY partner is given by $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\tilde H&=\\left (\\partial_x-\\frac{f_0'}{f_0}\\right )\\left (-\\partial_x-\\frac{f_0'}{f_0}\\right )\n=-\\partial_x^2-V+2\\frac{f_0'^2}{f_0^2}=:-\\partial_x^2 + \\tilde V\\end{aligned}$$ where $$\\tilde V=-V+2\\frac{f_0'^2}{f_0^2}$$ is called the SUSY potential. ", "The point of all this is the following. ", "Suppose $\\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of $H$, i.e., $Hf=Q^*Q f=\\lambda f$ for some (nontrivial) $f$. Applying $Q$ to this equation yields $QQ^* Q f=\\lambda Q f$, i.e., $\\tilde HQf=\\lambda Qf$. Thus, if $Qf\\not=0$, i.e., if $f\\notin \\ker Q$, then $\\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of $\\tilde H$ as well. ", "Obviously, we have $\\ker Q=\\langle f_0\\rangle$ and thus, if $\\lambda\\not=0$ is an eigenvalue of $H$, then it is also an eigenvalue of $\\tilde H$. Moreover, $0$ is not an eigenvalue of $\\tilde H$ for if this were the case, we would have either $QQ^* f=0$ for a nontrivial $f$, i.e., $f\\in \\ker Q^*$ or $Q^* f\\in \\ker Q$. The former is impossible since $\\ker Q^*=\\langle \\frac{1}{f_0}\\rangle$ but $\\frac{1}{f_0}\n\\notin L^2({\\mathbb{R}})$. The latter is impossible since ${\\operatorname{rg}}Q^* \\perp \\ker Q$. In summary, $\\tilde H$ has the same set of eigenvalues as $H$ except for $0$.\n\nThe Supersymmetric problem {#the-supersymmetric-problem}\n--------------------------\n\nWe now implement a version of this procedure to derive the so-called *supersymmetric problem* corresponding to . ", "It is convenient to write $d=2m+1$, i.e., $m$ is half-integer. ", "Furthermore, we assume that the symmetry mode has no zeros in $(0,1)$. Then, by the $s$-homotopic transformation $$\\label{eq:transf1}\n u_{{\\lambda}}(\\rho)=\\rho^{-m}(1-\\rho^2)^{-\\frac{{\\lambda}+1-m}{2}}v_{{\\lambda}}(\\rho),$$ equation  is reduced to its normal form $$\\label{eq:normalform}\n-v''_{{\\lambda}}+\\left[\\frac{V(\\rho)}{1-\\rho^2}+\\frac{(m-1)(\\rho^2+m)}{\\rho^2(1-\\rho^2)^2}\\right]v_{{\\lambda}}=\\frac{{\\lambda}(2m-{\\lambda})}{(1-\\rho^2)^2}v_{{\\lambda}}.$$ By letting $$V_1(\\rho)=\\frac{V(\\rho)}{1-\\rho^2}+\\frac{(m-1)(\\rho^2+m)}{\\rho^2(1-\\rho^2)^2}-\\frac{2m-1}{(1-\\rho^2)^2},$$ becomes $$\\label{eq:normalform1}\n-v''_{{\\lambda}}+V_1(\\rho)v_{{\\lambda}}=\\frac{({\\lambda}-1)(2m-1-{\\lambda})}{(1-\\rho^2)^2}v_{{\\lambda}},$$ and clearly $-v''_1+V_1(\\rho)v_1=0$, where $v_1(\\rho)$ is gotten from  and  for ${\\lambda}=1$. For simplicity, we denote $\\displaystyle{\\frac{v'_1(\\rho)}{v_1(\\rho)}}$ by $w(\\rho)$. Then,  can be factorized as $$(-\\partial_\\rho-w)(\\partial_\\rho-w)v_{\\lambda}=\\frac{({\\lambda}-1)(2m-1-{\\lambda})}{(1-\\rho^2)^2}v_{{\\lambda}},$$ or $$\\label{eq:SUSYprelim}\n-(1-\\rho^2)^2(\\partial_\\rho+w)(\\partial_\\rho-w)v_{\\lambda}=({\\lambda}-1)(2m-1-{\\lambda})v_{{\\lambda}}.$$ By setting $$\\label{eq:transf2}\n \\displaystyle{\\tilde{v}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)=(\\partial_\\rho-w)v_{\\lambda}(\\rho)}$$ and applying $\\displaystyle{\\partial_\\rho-w}$ to both sides of   we get $$\\label{eq:commute}\n-(\\partial_\\rho-w)[(1-\\rho^2)^2(\\partial_\\rho+w)]\\tilde{v}_{\\lambda}=({\\lambda}-1)(2m-1-{\\lambda})\\tilde{v}_{{\\lambda}}.$$ Note that $$\\displaystyle{v_1(\\rho)=\\rho^{m}(1-\\rho^2)^{1-\\frac{m}{2}}u_1(\\rho)=\\rho^{m+1}(1-\\rho^2)^{1-\\frac{m}{2}}f'(\\rho)}.$$ Then  becomes $$\\label{eq:last}\n-(1-\\rho^2)^2\\tilde{v}''_{\\lambda}+4(1-\\rho^2)\\rho\\tilde{v}'_{\\lambda}+(1-\\rho^2)W(\\rho)\\tilde{v}_{\\lambda}=({\\lambda}-1)(2m-1-{\\lambda})\\tilde{v}_{{\\lambda}},$$ where $$W(\\rho)=(1-\\rho^2)[w(\\rho)^2-w'(\\rho)]+4\\rho w(\\rho).$$ Now, after changing variables again to $$\\label{eq:transf3}\n \\tilde{v}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)=\\rho^m(1-\\rho^2)^{\\frac{{\\lambda}-1-m}{2}}\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}(\\rho),$$ equation  is transformed into what we call the *supersymmetric problem* $$\\label{eq:SUSYODE}\n (1-\\rho^2)\\tilde{u}''_{\\lambda}+\\left[\\frac{d-1}{\\rho}-2({\\lambda}+1)\\rho\\right]\\tilde{u}'_{{\\lambda}}-{\\lambda}({\\lambda}+1)\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}-\\tilde{V}(\\rho)\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}=0,$$ with the *supersymmetric potential* $$\\label{eq:SUSYpot}\n\\displaystyle{\\tilde{V}(\\rho)=W(\\rho)+\\frac{m(\\rho^2-m+1)}{\\rho^2(1-\\rho^2)}}-2.$$\n\nEigenvalue correspondence\n-------------------------\n\nFor general functions $f$ and $g$, the symmetry eigenvalue ${\\lambda}=1$ is not necessarily removed by passing to the supersymmetric problem. ", "However, in the specific case of the non-linearity $$g(\\psi)=(d-1)\\sin(\\psi)\\cos(\\psi),$$ and of the Bizoń-Biernat solution $$f(\\rho)=2\\arctan\\left(\\frac{\\rho}{\\sqrt{d-2}}\\right)$$ the set of unstable eigenvalues for both problems is the same except for ${\\lambda}=1$. From  we obtain the mode potential $$\\label{eq:wavePOT}\nV(\\rho)=\\frac{g'(f(\\rho))}{\\rho^2}=\\frac{d-1}{\\rho^2}\\frac{\\rho^4+(12-6d)\\rho^2+(d-2)^2}{(\\rho^2+d-2)^2}.$$ Note that, in this case, the symmetry mode is $$\\label{u1}\n u_1(\\rho)=\\rho f'(\\rho)=\\frac{2\\rho\\sqrt{d-2}}{d-2+\\rho^2},$$ which has no zeros in $(0,1)$. Furthermore, following the general procedure in the previous section, we obtain the supersymmetric potential $$\\label{eq:SUSYwavePOT}\n\\tilde{V}(\\rho)=-\\frac{2(d-2)}{\\rho^2}\\frac{\\rho^2-d}{\\rho^2+d-2}.$$\n\n\\[prop:eigenvCorr\\] If ${\\lambda}\\neq 1$ is an unstable eigenvalue of the problem  with $V$ given in , then ${\\lambda}$ is also an unstable eigenvalue of the problem  with $\\tilde V$ given in .", "\n\nLet ${\\lambda}\\neq 1$ be an unstable eigenvalue of . ", "The sets of Frobenius indices of  at $\\rho=0$ and $\\rho=1$ are $\\{1,-2m\\}$ and $\\{0,m-{\\lambda}\\}$[^2] respectively. ", "For the moment, we assume that $m-{\\lambda}$ is not a non-negative integer. ", "Since, by definition, the unstable mode $u_{\\lambda}$ is in $C^\\infty[0,1]$, the Frobenius theory tells us that $u_{\\lambda}$ is in fact analytic in a neighborhood of $[0,1]$ and $$\\begin{aligned}\n &u_{\\lambda}(\\rho)\\simeq \\rho \\quad \\text{as} \\quad \\rho\\rightarrow 0^+,\\\\\n &u_{\\lambda}(\\rho)\\simeq 1 \\quad \\text{as} \\quad \\rho\\rightarrow 1^-. ", "\n \\end{aligned}$$ Note that through the transformations ,  and  $u_{\\lambda}$ becomes a solution $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}$ to the supersymmetric problem . ", "It remains to prove that $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}$ is also analytic. ", "From  it follows that $v_{\\lambda}(\\rho)\\simeq \\rho^{1+m}$ as $\\rho\\rightarrow 0^+$, and $v_{\\lambda}(\\rho)\\simeq (1-\\rho)^{\\frac{{\\lambda}+1-m}{2}}$ as $\\rho\\rightarrow 1^-.$ Also, from  and  it follows that $$\\begin{array}{lll}\n &\\displaystyle{\\frac{v^\\prime_1}{v_1}(\\rho)}= (1+m)\\rho^{-1} + O(1) &\\text{as} \\quad \\rho\\rightarrow 0^+,\\vspace{1mm}\\\\\n &\\displaystyle{\\frac{v^\\prime_1}{v_1}(\\rho)}= \\tfrac{m-2}{2}(1-\\rho)^{-1} +O(1)\n &\\text{as} \\quad \\rho\\rightarrow 1^-. ", " \n \\end{array}$$ Therefore,  implies that $\\tilde{v}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)=O(\\rho^{1+m})$ as $\\rho\\rightarrow 0^+$, and $\\tilde{v}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)\\simeq (1-\\rho)^{\\frac{{\\lambda}-1-m}{2}}$ as $\\rho\\rightarrow 1^-$. Finally, the transformation  gives $$\\begin{aligned}\n &\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)=O(\\rho)\\quad \\text{as} \\quad \\rho\\rightarrow 0^+,\\label{eq:asympt_at_0}\\\\\n &\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)\\simeq 1 \\quad\\;\\;\\quad\\text{as} \\quad \\rho\\rightarrow 1^-.\\label{eq:asympt_at_1} \n \\end{aligned}$$ The fact that the Frobenius indices of the supersymmetric problem  at $\\rho=0$ are 2 and $-2m-1$ and  imply that $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}$ is analytic at $\\rho=0$. On the other side, the Frobenius indices of  at $\\rho=1$ are 0 and $m-{\\lambda}$. This together with and the fact that the expansion of $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)$ at $\\rho=1$ contains only integer powers imply that $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}$ is analytic also at $\\rho=1$.\n\nIn the case when $m-{\\lambda}$ is a non-negative integer, the same procedure as above gives the analyticity of $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}$ at $\\rho=0$. At $\\rho=1$, however, we have $u_{\\lambda}(\\rho)\\simeq (1-\\rho)^{m-{\\lambda}}$ as $\\rho\\rightarrow 1^-$. Then the procedure above leads to $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)\\simeq (1-\\rho)^{m-{\\lambda}}$ as $\\rho\\rightarrow 1^-$, and the analyticity of $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}$ at $\\rho=1$ follows.", "\n\nAbsence of eigenvalues for the supersymmetric problem\n=====================================================\n\nIn the rest of the paper we let $d=k+2$. The supersymmetric problem  with potential  now becomes $$\\label{eq:SUSY}\n(1-\\rho^2)\\tilde{u}_\\lambda''+\\left[\\frac{k+1}{\\rho}-2(\\lambda+1)\\rho\\right]\\tilde{u}'_\\lambda\n-\\lambda(\\lambda+1)\\tilde{u}_\\lambda+\\frac{2k}{\\rho^2}\\frac{\\rho^2-k-2}{\\rho^2+k}\\tilde{u}_\\lambda=0.$$ In this section we prove\n\n\\[thm:SUSYproof\\] For any integer $k\\geq2$, i.e. $d\\geq4$, the supersymmetric problem  does not have unstable eigenvalues.", "\n\nThis theorem together with Proposition \\[prop:eigenvCorr\\] implies the main result Theorem \\[thm:main\\]. ", "Also, this theorem implies that the symmetry eigenvalue ${\\lambda}=1$ is indeed removed by passing to the supersymmetric problem.", "\n\nTo get a better insight into the analyticity properties of solutions to equation  it is convenient to introduce a change of both independent and dependent variable $$\\label{eq:change_of_var}\n x=\\rho^2, \\quad \\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)=xy(x).$$ This transformation brings  to Heun’s equation in its canonical form [@NIST] $$\\label{eq:heunform}\ny''+\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{k+6}{x}+\\frac{2{\\lambda}-k+1}{x-1}\\right)y'+\\frac{1}{4}\\frac{( {\\lambda}+3 ) ( {\\lambda}+2) x+(k{{\\lambda}}^{2}+5k{\\lambda}+2k-4)}{x(x-1)(x+k)}y=0$$ Note that the analytic solution to  at 0 is of the form $\\tilde{u}_{\\lambda}(\\rho)=v(\\rho^2)$ for some function $v$ analytic at 0. ", "Therefore,  preserves the analyticity of solutions at 0 and 1, and consequently, equations  and  have the same set of eigenvalues.", "\n\nAlthough only one step in complexity beyond the hypergeometric class of special functions, the Heun class is much more diverse and our understanding of them is still at an unsatisfactory level. ", "In particular, the general connection problem for these equations is unresolved. ", "Therefore, in the rest of the paper we use a different approach to connecting analytic solutions at 0 and 1. ", "Namely, starting with the power series representation of the solution to  that is analytic at $x=0$, we determine its analyticity properties at $x=1$ from the asymptotic behavior of its Taylor coefficients. ", "The approach in [@CosDonXia14] exploits the relationship between the recurrence relation for the Taylor coefficients and continued fractions, an idea which is quite old and has been used in different contexts, see e.g. [@J34; @Leaver85; @CCLR01; @Bizon05]. ", "However, in this paper we take a different route, analogous to the one in [@CDGH16], and rely entirely on a carefully constructed approximate solution (quasi-solution) to the recurrence relation. ", "We then use the quasi-solution to prove that for any ${\\lambda}$ in the closed right half-plane (which we from now on denote by ${\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$) the radius of convergence of the power series is 1. ", "For $k\\geq2$, this implies non-analyticity of the solution at $x=1$, and therefore rules out the existence of unstable eigenvalues of .", "\n\nThe Frobenius indices of equation  at $x=0$ are 0 and $-2-\\frac{k}{2}$, so its normalized analytic solution at $x=0$ is given by the power series $$\\label{power_series_at_0}\n\\sum_{n=0}^{\\infty}a_n(\\lambda,k)x^{n},\\quad a_0=1.$$ By inserting  into equation  we obtain a recurrence relation for the sequence of coefficients $\\{a_n({\\lambda},k)\\}_{n\\in\\mathbb{N}_0}$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n 2k(n+2)(2n+k+8)\\,&a_{n+2}=\\\\ \n \\{[({\\lambda}+2n+7)({\\lambda}+2n+2)-2n]k-4(n+2)^2\\}\\,&a_{n+1}+\\\\ \n ({\\lambda}+2n+3)({\\lambda}+2n+2)\\,&a_{n},\\end{aligned}$$ where $a_{-1}=0$ and $a_0=1$, or written differently $$\\label{eq:rec_a}\na_{n+2}({\\lambda},k)=A_n({\\lambda},k)\\,a_{n+1}({\\lambda},k)+B_n({\\lambda},k)\\,a_n({\\lambda},k),$$ where $$A_n({\\lambda},k)=\\frac{k{{\\lambda}}^{2}+k( 4n+9) {\\lambda}+4k{n}^{2}+16nk-4{n}^{2}+14k\n -16n-16\n}{2k(n+2)(2n+k+8)}$$ and $$B_n({\\lambda},k)=\\frac{({\\lambda}+2n+3)({\\lambda}+2n+2)}{2k(n+2)(2n+k+8)}.$$ We now let $$\\label{eq:def_of_r}\n r_n({\\lambda},k)=\\frac{a_{n+1}({\\lambda},k)}{a_n({\\lambda},k)},$$ and thereby transform  into $$\\label{eq:rec_r}\n r_{n+1}({\\lambda},k)=A_n({\\lambda},k)+\\frac{B_n({\\lambda},k)}{r_n({\\lambda},k)},$$ with the initial condition $$r_0({\\lambda},k)=\\frac{a_1({\\lambda},k)}{a_0({\\lambda},k)}=A_{-1}({\\lambda},k)=\\frac{k{\\lambda}^2+5k{\\lambda}+2k-4}{2k(k+6)}.$$ Recall that non-existence of unstable eigenvalues of  (and therefore Theorem \\[thm:SUSYproof\\]) is implied by $\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty}r_n({\\lambda},k)=1$ for all ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$. Indeed, if $\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty}r_n({\\lambda},k)=1$, then  can not be analytically extended through $x=1$. First, we show that the following dichotomy holds.", "\n\n\\[lem:limits\\] \\[limit\\_of\\_rn\\] Given ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$ and integer $k\\geq2$, either $$\\label{eq:limit1_for_rn}\n \\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} r_n({\\lambda},k) = 1,$$ or $$\\label{eq:limit2_for_rn}\n \\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} r_n({\\lambda},k) = -\\frac{1}{k}.$$\n\nSince $$\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} A_n(\\lambda,k)=\\frac{k-1}{k} \\quad \\text{and} \\quad \\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} \n B_n(\\lambda,k)=\\frac{1}{k},$$ the characteristic equation associated to  is $$\\label{char_eq}\n t^2-\\frac{k-1}{k}t-\\frac{1}{k}=0.$$ As the solutions to  ($t=1$ and $t=-1/k$) have distinct moduli, by a theorem of Poincaré (see, for example, [@Elaydi05], p. 343, or [@Buslaev05]), either $a_n$ is zero eventually in $n$, or $\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} a_{n+1}(\\lambda,k)/a_n(\\lambda,k)$ exists and it is equal to either 1 or $-1/k$. Now, for a fixed ${\\lambda}$ and $k$, $a_n({\\lambda},k)$ cannot be zero eventually in $n$, since by backward induction from  one would get $a_0=0$, hence the claim follows.", "\n\nOur aim is to come up with an approximation $\\tilde{r}_n({\\lambda},k)$ to $r_n({\\lambda},k)$, which is simple while being uniform in ${\\lambda}$ and $k$. We then use the *quasi-solution* method[^3] to prove that $r_n({\\lambda},k)$ eventually enters (and stays in) a small neighborhood of 1. ", "Via Lemma \\[lem:limits\\], this implies the main result of this section Theorem \\[thm:SUSYproof\\].", "\n\nWe found it convenient to separate our analysis into two cases, $k\\geq3$ and $k=2$.\n\n**Case $k\\geq3$**. ", "As we already mentioned, the reasoning in [@CDGH16] does not directly apply here since we face the extra challenge posed by an additional parameter, $k$. Therefore, in order to obtain a simple enough quasi-solution a non-trivial improvement upon the process given in [@CDGH16 §4.1] is required, and we describe it in §\\[quasi-explanation\\]; the quasi-solution is $$\\label{eq:quasisol}\n\\tilde{r}_n(\\lambda,k)=\\frac{1}{2}\\frac{\\lambda^2}{2n^2+(k+8)n+k+5}+\\frac{2\\lambda}{2n+k+6}+\\frac{2n+3}{2n+k+6},$$ which turns out to be close enough to $r_n$ for the purpose of proving .", "\n\n\\[lem:r2\\] $r_2({\\lambda},k)$ and $(\\tilde{r}_n({\\lambda},k))^{-1}$ for $n\\geq2$, are analytic in ${\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$ as functions of ${\\lambda}$.\n\nEvery $r_n({\\lambda},k)$ is a ratio of two polynomials in ${\\lambda}$ of degrees $2n+2$ and $2n$, with integer valued coefficients depending on $k$. The denominator of $r_2({\\lambda},k)$ $$6k(k+10)[{k}^{2}{l}^{4}+14{k}^{2}{l}^{3}+k(63k\n-8)l^2+14k(7{k}-4)l+8(5{k}^{2}-2k+8)],$$ and $\\tilde{r}_n(\\lambda,k)$ for $n\\geq2$, considered as polynomials in ${\\lambda}$, are Hurwitz-stable i.e., all of their zeros are in the (open) left half-plane, which can be straightforwardly checked by, say, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion or its reformulation by Wall (see [@Wall45]). ", "The conclusion follows.", "\n\nNow, let $$\\label{delta_definition} \n\\delta_n({\\lambda},k)=\\frac{r_n({\\lambda},k)}{\\tilde{r}_n({\\lambda},k)}-1.$$ Substitution of  into  leads to the following recurrence relation for $\\delta_n$, $$\\label{delta_recurrence} \n\\delta_{n+1}=\\varepsilon_n+C_n\\frac{\\delta_n}{1+\\delta_n},$$ where $$\\label{epsilon_and_C} \n\\varepsilon_n=\\frac{A_n\\tilde{r}_n+B_n}{\\tilde{r}_n\\tilde{r}_{n+1}}-1 \\quad \\text{and} \n\\quad C_n=\\frac{B_n}{\\tilde{r}_n\\tilde{r}_{n+1}}.$$\n\n\\[lem:estimates\\] For any $k\\geq3$, $n\\geq2$ and ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$ the following estimates hold $$\\begin{aligned}\n &|\\delta_2({\\lambda},k)|\\leq\\frac{1}{2}, \\label{eq:d2_estimate} \\\\\n &|\\varepsilon_n({\\lambda},k)|\\leq\\frac{5}{12}-\\frac{1}{k}, \\label{eq:en_estimate} \\\\\n &|C_n({\\lambda},k)|\\leq\\frac{1}{12}+\\frac{1}{k}. ", "\\label{eq:cn_estimate} \n \\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe proof is analogous to the proof of Lemma 3.4 in [@CDGH16]. ", "Since the process is the same for all three quantities, we illustrate it on $C_n$ only.", "\n\nLemma \\[lem:r2\\] and  imply that $C_n$ is analytic (in ${\\lambda}$) in ${\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$. Also, being a rational function in ${\\lambda}$, $C_n$ is evidently polynomially bounded in ${\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$. Hence, according to the Phragmén-Lindelöf principle[^4], it suffices to prove that  holds on the imaginary line.", "\n\nTo that end, we first bring $C_{n+2}(\\lambda,k+3)$ to the form of the ratio of two polynomials $P_1(n,\\lambda,k)$ and $P_2(n,\\lambda,k)$ (note the shift in the values of $n$ and $k$). ", "Then, for $t$ real, $|C_{n+2}(it,k+3)|^2$ is equal to the quotient of two polynomials, $Q_1(n,t^2,k)=|P_1(n,it,k)|^2$ and $Q_2(n,t^2,k)=|P_2(n,it,k)|^2$.\n\nIn order to show that $|C_{n+2}(it,k+3)|\\leq\\frac{1}{12}+\\frac{1}{k+3}$, for all $n,k\\geq0$ and $t$ real, all we need is to show that $$|C_{n+1}(it,k+3)|^2=\\frac{Q_1(n,t^2,k)}{Q_2(n,t^2,k)}\\leq\\left(\\frac{1}{12}+\\frac{1}{k+3}\\right)^2,$$ or equivalently $$(k+15)^2 Q_2-[12(k+3)]^2Q_1\\geq0.$$ When expanded, $(k+15)^2Q_2-[12(k+3)]^2Q_1$ has manifestly positive coefficients (as a polynomial in $t$, $k$ and $n$), and the variable $t$ appears with even powers only. ", "Thus,  holds on the whole imaginary line, and the result follows.", "\n\nFrom  and Lemma \\[lem:estimates\\], a simple inductive argument in $n$ implies that $$\\label{eq:delta_estimate}\n |\\delta_n({\\lambda},k)|\\leq\\frac{1}{2}, \\quad \\text{for all } n\\geq2,\\; k\\geq3 \\text{, and } \\lambda\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}.$$ Since for any fixed $k\\geq3$ and $\\lambda\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$, $\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} \\tilde{r}_n(\\lambda) = 1$,   and  exclude the possibility of . ", "Hence,  holds in ${\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$, and the claim follows.", "\n\n**Case $k=2$**. ", "We first give the analogues of Lemmas \\[lem:r2\\] and \\[lem:estimates\\] in this case.", "\n\n\\[lem:r21\\] For $n\\geq4$, $r_4({\\lambda},2)$ and $(\\tilde{r}_n({\\lambda},2))^{-1}$ are analytic in ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$.\n\n\\[lem:estimates1\\] For any $n\\geq4$ and ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$, the following hold $$|\\delta_4({\\lambda},2)|\\leq\\frac{1}{3}, \\quad|\\varepsilon_n({\\lambda},2)|\\leq\\frac{1}{18}, \\quad\n |C_n({\\lambda},2)|\\leq\\frac{11}{20}.$$\n\nThe proofs are similar to those of Lemmas \\[lem:r2\\] and \\[lem:estimates\\].", "\n\nWith these lemmas at hand, we obtain Theorem \\[thm:SUSYproof\\] for $k=2$ similarly to the case $k\\geq3$.\n\nCase $d=3$ {#sec_d=3}\n==========\n\nIn this case ($k=1$) the eigenvalue equation  becomes $$\\label{eq:heunform2}\ny''+\\left(\\frac{7}{2x}+\\frac{{\\lambda}}{x-1}\\right)y'+\\frac{1}{4}\\frac{( {\\lambda}+3 ) ( {\\lambda}+2) x+({{\\lambda}}^{2}+5{\\lambda}-2)}{x(x-1)(x+1)}y=0.$$ Note that now, in addition to $x=1$, $x=-1$ is a singular point of  which also lies on the unit circle around $x=0$. Therefore the radius of convergence of the power series of a solution analytic at $x=0$ is 1 regardless of the behavior of the solution at $x=1$. However, this can be easily remedied by a suitable Möbius transformation of the independent variable (see [@Bizon05 §3]). ", "Namely, $$z=\\frac{2x}{x+1}$$ fixes $x=0$ and $x=1$, moves $x=-1$ to infinity and maps $x=\\infty$ to $z=2$. This transformation, along with $$y(x)=(2-z)^{\\frac{{\\lambda}}{2}+1}w(z),$$ leads to a Heun equation $$\\label{eq:heunform3}\n w''+\\left(\\frac{7}{2z}+\\frac{{\\lambda}}{z-1}+\\frac{1}{2(z-2)}\\right)w'+\\frac{1}{4}\\frac{( {\\lambda}+4)({\\lambda}+2) z-({{\\lambda}}^{2}+12{\\lambda}+12)}{z(z-1)(z-2)}w=0,$$ which is isospectral to   while being amenable to the method in [@CDGH16 §3]. ", "We therefore only sketch the proof that  does not have unstable eigenvalues; we use the notation of the present paper.", "\n\nThe Taylor coefficients of the normalized analytic solution to   at $z=0$ satisfy  with $$A_n({\\lambda})=\\frac{12n^2+(8{\\lambda}+56)n+{\\lambda}^2+20{\\lambda}+56}{8n^2+52n+72},$$ $$B_n({\\lambda})=-\\frac{4n^2+(4{\\lambda}+12)n+{\\lambda}^2+6{\\lambda}+8}{8n^2+52n+72}$$ and the initial condition $(a_{-1}=0,\\;a_{0}=1)$. We let $r_n({\\lambda})=a_{n+1}({\\lambda})/a_n({\\lambda})$ as in  . ", "By Poincaré’s theorem we conclude that, given ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$, either $\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} r_n({\\lambda},k) = 1$ or $\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} r_n({\\lambda},k) = 1/2.$ Now, we use the recipe in [@CDGH16 §4.1] to construct a quasi-solution $$\\tilde{r}_n(\\lambda)=\\frac{\\lambda^2}{8n^2+33n+28}+\\frac{5\\lambda}{5n+16}+\\frac{5n+6}{5n+13}.$$ With $\\delta_n({\\lambda})$, $\\varepsilon_n({\\lambda})$ and $C_n({\\lambda})$ as in   and  we have:\n\n\\[lem:r22\\] For $n\\geq1$, $r_1({\\lambda})$ and $(\\tilde{r}_n({\\lambda}))^{-1}$ are analytic in ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$.\n\n\\[lem:estimates2\\] For any $n\\geq1$ and ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$, the following hold $$|\\delta_1({\\lambda})|\\leq\\frac{1}{3},\\quad\n |\\varepsilon_n({\\lambda})|\\leq\\frac{1}{12},\\quad\n |C_n({\\lambda})|\\leq\\frac{1}{2}.$$\n\nThe proofs are similar to those of Lemmas \\[lem:r2\\] and \\[lem:estimates\\]. ", "From here it follows that for every ${\\lambda}\\in{\\overline{\\mathbb{H}}}$, $\\lim_{n\\rightarrow \\infty} r_n({\\lambda},k) = 1$ and the non-existence of unstable eigenvalues to  is established.", "\n\nAppendix\n========\n\nDescription of how to obtain the quasi-solution {#quasi-explanation}\n-----------------------------------------------\n\nDue to the fact that $r_n({\\lambda},k)$ is a ratio of two polynomials (in ${\\lambda}$) whose degrees differ by two (the numerator has larger degree), we look for approximations that are quadratic in ${\\lambda}$. Then, to obtain the three coefficients (as expressions in $n$ and $k$) of such polynomial, we generate three sequences $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{sequences}\n &\\{r_n(0,k)\\}_{n\\in\\mathbb{N}},\\nonumber\\\\ &\\{\\tfrac{1}{2}[r_n(1,k)-r_n(-1,k)]\\}_{n\\in\\mathbb{N}},\\\\ &\\{\\tfrac{1}{2}[r_n(1,k)+r_n(-1,k)-2\\,r_n(0,k)]\\}_{n\\in\\mathbb{N}}.\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$ The terms of all three of these sequences are ratios of two polynomials in $k$ whose degrees differ by one (the denominator has larger degree). ", "Therefore for all three of them we look for approximations that are reciprocals of linear polynomial in $k$, with coefficients in $n$. This is done by finding linear minimax polynomial approximations[^5] to the reciprocals of  and fitting rational functions in $n$ to the coefficients.", "\n\n[^1]: Strictly speaking, one needs to justify why only smooth solutions are expected to be relevant here. ", "To this end, a suitable well-posedness theory for equation is required. ", "This issue will be addressed in a forthcoming publication. ", "For the moment we rely on the experience with wave maps in dimension $d=3$, cf.", " [@Don11; @DonSchAic12; @CosDonXia14].", "\n\n[^2]: Here $d=2m+1$.\n\n[^3]: The quasi-solution method allows one to determine the properties of a solution to a dynamical system by using an approximation to it (called quasi-solution) that closely emulates its dynamics. ", "This method has been successively employed in the context of nonlinear ordinary differential equations [@CostinHuangSchlag12; @CostinHuangTanveer14; @CostinKimTanveer14] and more recently in difference equations [@CDGH16].", "\n\n[^4]: We use the sectorial formulation of this principle, see, for example, [@Titchmarsh58], p. 177.", "\n\n[^5]: The minimax polynomial approximation of degree $n$ to a continuous function $f$ on a given finite interval $[a,b]$ is defined to be the best approximation, among the polynomials of degree $n$, to $f$ in the uniform sense on $[a,b]$. For the proof of existence and uniqueness of this approximation and an algorithm to obtain it, see [@Phillips03], §2.4.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

[ 0.0006281021051108837, 0.0006027687340974808, 0.0010370906675234437, 0.0005756671889685094, 0.000615882920101285, 0.001195910619571805, 0.0007424997165799141, 0.03012382797896862, 0.031752895563840866, 0.0007539191283285618, 0.002551984041929245, 0.0007601315737701952, 0.0017941477708518505, 0.025425205007195473, 0.019481224939227104, 0.0061643049120903015, 0.0014275447465479374, 0.010697325691580772, 0.0006833691149950027, 0.03287045657634735, 0.0005706142401322722, 0.0007321048760786653, 0.0006065166089683771, 0.0005985141615383327, 0.000614950607996434, 0.0006736956420354545, 0.000599707302171737, 0.0009514277335256338, 0.0006080142338760197, 0.0033031990751624107, 0.011497240513563156, 0.000635194533970207, 0.00887916050851345, 0.01752919703722, 0.0018623919459059834, 0.01687059924006462, 0.007940319366753101, 0.0022172387689352036, 0.002372858813032508, 0.0006808916223235428, 0.009676195681095123, 0.001919685979373753, 0.0013374951668083668, 0.040796201676130295, 0.01867746375501156, 0.007802075706422329, 0.0008430591551586986, 0.0008905953727662563, 0.001619747607037425, 0.0006657749763689935, 0.0006122654303908348, 0.0005977249820716679, 0.000548840849660337, 0.0006332884076982737, 0.0006019827560521662, 0.0005676415748894215, 0.0008579480927437544, 0.0008831615559756756, 0.01250256784260273, 0.013514026068150997, 0.0012039199937134981, 0.0008643392357043922, 0.0012834802037104964, 0.0013923163060098886, 0.0024667272809892893, 0.0005814021569676697, 0.08187738806009293, 0.0007596604991704226, 0.0009269450092688203, 0.001439482904970646, 0.0012433206429705024, 0.019506817683577538, 0.0007293507806025445, 0.003949671983718872, 0.0009483759058639407, 0.7484467029571533, 0.0008899252861738205, 0.012753033079206944, 0.0017515310319140553, 0.010768762789666653, 0.0006004627794027328, 0.0021153048146516085, 0.004332392476499081, 0.001734056044369936, 0.002602021675556898, 0.0007159215165302157, 0.0005895860376767814, 0.0006116014556027949, 0.0005780518404208124, 0.0005697579472325742, 0.001368831261061132, 0.0006764215067960322, 0.0006518964073620737, 0.0006001481669954956, 0.0005950198392383754, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "Rules for a Spending Freeze (and Save a Quick £500!)", "\n\nOne of my favourite money saving tricks is using the spending freeze rules to save about £500 quickly.", "\n\nUsually, you can save £500 in less than a month. ", "Depending on your current spending, saving £500 in two weeks isn’t unheard of.", "\n\nWhat is a spending freeze?", "\n\nA spending freeze is simply a commitment to not spend a single penny that isn’t necessary. ", "You would cut out all unnecessary spending for a predetermined amount of time. ", "Your bills would still get paid, and you would still make sure that your family is fed and medically taken care of, but no other spending is allowed.", "\n\nWhat are the benefits to a spending freeze?", "\n\nEven families that think they spend very little can usually save a lot of money in a short amount of time. ", "It really resets the way you think about money.", "\n\nBefore a spending freeze, I wouldn’t think twice to grab a cup of coffee at Costa or buy a clearance lip gloss for £1. ", "After a spending freeze, paying £1 for lip gloss makes you feel like a millionaire throwing Benjamins in the air. ", "No joke.", "\n\nLearning to make do with what you have and appreciate what not having money feels like, completely transforms your spending habits (and can also makes you incredibly grateful). ", "In fact, you can usually see the benefits of a spending freeze for several months in your budget with reduced spending.", "\n\nWhat are the spending freeze rules?", "\n\nDecide what you’ll do with the money.", "\n\nMake a reminder (I cover my debit card in tape, since I pay my bills through bill pay online).", "\n\nDecide what you can buy (Usually bills/housing/medical emergencies, sometimes a small amount for needed groceries after you eat through your pantry and freezer)\n\nTalk to your family and commit to this.", "\n\nDecide on a length of time. (", "I recommend two weeks- no longer than a month).", "\n\nDon’t spend money on anything except the things agreed.", "\n\nDon’t prepare for the freeze ahead of time by buying things (that defeats the purpose).", "\n\nWe don’t have extra money at all.", "\n\nWhat’s the difference between not spending money and a spending freeze?", "\n\nGreat question! ", "Even the people on the tightest budgets usually spend money on something that they don’t actually need. ", "A spending freeze makes your commitment to not spending money an event. ", "It’s easy to remember not to spend and it’s impossible to rationalise a purchase. ", "Stick to the spending freeze rules and you can’t lose.", "\n\nEven if you think you don’t spend money, I strongly suggest you try this for two weeks. ", "I think you’ll save money anyway.", "\n\nHow much will this suck?", "\n\nLikely a little bit, sometimes a lot. ", "But the benefits far outweigh the hassle.", "\n\nThe worst part is thinking up solutions to last minute problems or opportunities. ", "The first one I did, I thought it would easy, it just meant saying “no”to buying things that I don’t need like lip gloss and the odd bar of chocolate right?", "\n\nWrong!", "\n\nWhat about your kid’s last minute field trip? ", "When your best friend invites you out to eat and you haven’t seen them in forever? ", "What about a crazy INSANE stock up sale at your favourite store? ", "When you run out of paper towels?", "\n\nThese are all things you have to be committed to saying no to. ", "Find a way to get what you want without spending a dime. ", "Follow the spending freeze rules no matter what.", "\n\nHow to make sure you actually save the money.", "\n\nAs you go through the month, transfer the money that you would have spent to a hard to reach savings account so that you aren’t tempted to use it. ", "The hardest part of this isn’t after the challenge is over (which is when most people think you’ll spend extra), but before the challenge begins.", "\n\nWe fear “missing out” and “not having enough”, and your instincts will say to stuff your freezer and your pantry to the brim to help you make it through this. ", "Resist the urge! ", "It defeats the point, and you can do this without that!", "\n\nThe three secrets to spending freeze success.", "\n\nTell everyone.", "\n\nSeriously, tell everyone that you’re doing this. ", "Our society is super weird about money. ", "We all want to keep up with the Joneses and most of us would never tell a friend that we can’t afford something.", "\n\nYet, most of us are living in debt and with limited income. ", "Which means that every time we say yes to drinks out and a popcorn the size of a toddler while watching the new sci-fi flick, we say no to what we really want.", "\n\nThe spending freeze gives you a reason to tell people that you’re saving money. ", "When we did this for the first time, I was spending over £40/week on lunches out at work. ", "We thought we had to budget that in, because all the office ate out together.", "\n\nAfter the spending freeze, I got used to eating on my own, or going with them and not eating and then eating my own lunch later. ", "In fact, I inspired a few others to bring their lunch in too.", "\n\nWhat was once seemed like something we couldn’t do became easy thanks to the spending freeze. ", "More than one friend asked us to explain the spending freeze rules so they could start their own spending freeze.", "\n\nMake a list.", "\n\nMake a list of everything you want to buy when the freeze is done. ", "A Chinese takeaway almost always tops my list.", "\n\nBy the end of the month, you’ll have a ridiculously long list. ", "I tell myself through the freeze, that the second the freeze is over, I’ll go right out and purchase everything on that list.", "\n\nIt’s the only way I can make it through the freeze.", "\n\nBut every single time, by the end of the spending freeze, I don’t even want any of those things anymore. ", "Either I’d forgotten about them, found a substitution or just don’t feel as strongly about it. (", "I do usually get a Chinese takeaway though!).", "\n\nClean out your pantry.", "\n\nPlan ahead for your schedule but don’t plan ahead for purchases! ", "You really want to make sure that you use up all your pantry items and frozen items.", "\n\nIf you take the time to clean out both of expired items, and organise as best you can, it will make this go so much easier. ", "Make a list of what you have that can be used in meals and set yourself a very small budget weekly (about £5 is what we use for our family) to fill in the food gaps if you need it.", "\n\nHow often should I do a spending freeze?", "\n\nYou can do them as often as you get benefits from them. ", "We do them about twice a year. ", "I would recommend them at least yearly and not more than once every three months (it takes a while for your spending to return to “normal”anyway, so you’ll likely see less spending for about three months.)", "\n\nHow long should a spending freeze last?", "\n\nThe most popular length of time is a month, I suggest that you do 2 weeks for you first few and then switch to a month. ", "If you really struggle with a month, switch back to 2 weeks. ", "We do them for two weeks and love them. ", "A month is really-tough for us.", "\n\nHow much extra can you save in a month?", "\n\nA lot. ", "I mean, a whole lot! ", "Each family is different. ", "In two weeks, we save about £500. ", "In a month, we save over £1,000. ", "We have a pretty strict budget without a lot of discretionary spending though, I’ve had readers save over £2,000 in just a month!", "\n\nI also can’t say that I’ve done this, since I’m more about baby steps than extreme changes. ", "But I had a reader save almost £3,000 in a month to fund an emergency savings account by taking “holiday” from day care, cancelling her internet and cable for the month, doing the spending freeze and solely eating out of her pantry and freezer (think cake and broccoli for breakfast).", "\n\nWhile I don’t recommend this, I have to admire her drive.", "\n\nAction Steps:\n\nDecide how long you want the freeze to be. ", "Talk to your family to get them on board.", "Set a start date and a completion date. ", "Decide on what the money will be used for. ", "Be very specific!", "\n\nWrap a strip of tape or another reminder around your debit card.", "Go through your pantry and freezer to try to come up with a bare bones menu plan with what you have. ", "Plan for no more than a week at a time and fill in with cheap items at the grocery store.", "\n\nTransfer the money to a separate hard to reach account as if you had spent it when you normally do. ", "I.e. if you usually spend £150 on groceries a week, and this week you’re spending £10, then transfer £140 to the separate account.", "\n\nThis website uses cookies to improve your experience. ", "We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. ", "more information\n\nThe cookie settings on this website are set to \"allow cookies\" to give you the best browsing experience possible. ", "If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click \"Accept\" below then you are consenting to this." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.000961862038820982, 0.001091056503355503, 0.0010474788723513484, 0.0008535278029739857, 0.0024772072210907936, 0.0018149622483178973, 0.001927369274199009, 0.2065018266439438, 0.0008827602141536772, 0.0006952937110327184, 0.0007149982848204672, 0.0010081639047712088, 0.009418392553925514, 0.003609383013099432, 0.0006316463695839047, 0.0007100242073647678, 0.0009526618523523211, 0.0013339739525690675, 0.0015542537439614534, 0.0008241745526902378, 0.0005902647390030324, 0.0005761233624070883, 0.0012837485410273075, 0.000904646294657141, 0.0008839786751195788, 0.0009367493912577629, 0.0008661472820676863, 0.0010654026409611106, 0.0014365804381668568, 0.000927778659388423, 0.029921019449830055, 0.000806871335953474, 0.0008373160962946713, 0.9708542823791504, 0.0007424009963870049, 0.001495593460276723, 0.023179125040769577, 0.0007477339822798967, 0.0023303350899368525, 0.0015270713483914733, 0.0010790125234052539, 0.040559977293014526, 0.0009515351266600192, 0.00067266880068928, 0.0755143016576767, 0.0019349176436662674, 0.0009074968984350562, 0.0006688291905447841, 0.0007298895507119596, 0.05253228172659874, 0.02353062853217125, 0.0012086682254448533, 0.0008693495765328407, 0.0009610540582798421, 0.0017998891416937113, 0.011257604695856571, 0.0013414614368230104, 0.001409715274348855, 0.007186429109424353, 0.001106412266381085, 0.0006253788596950471, 0.0006499310838989913, 0.0017244418850168586, 0.0005992710357531905, 0.0007412892882712185, 0.0009281332604587078, 0.021474843844771385, 0.0017836178885772824, 0.0013925358653068542, 0.06920702010393143, 0.0013699305709451437, 0.0011500436812639236, 0.000781495647970587, 0.0006225817487575114, 0.0009951712563633919, 0.24509285390377045, 0.0008266439544968307, 0.0007032633293420076, 0.0006810707855038345, 0.000811667472589761, 0.0014471674803644419, 0.0006590374978259206, 0.000585198518820107, 0.000561495078727603, 0.0028885244391858578, 0.0006236884510144591, 0.001972329104319215, 0.0006138611934147775, 0.0005937644164077938, 0.0011476463405415416, 0.0010195485083386302, 0.0011394183384254575, 0.0007233921205624938, 0.0007338490104302764, 0.0007521857623942196, 0.0007852452690713108, 0.0006464647594839334, 0.0013730968348681927, 0.0005658597219735384, 0.0007558383513242006, 0.004848063923418522, 0.0006826944299973547, 0.0008404187392443419, 0.0007555546471849084, 0.02389933355152607, 0.006240821443498135, 0.0006524358759634197, 0.0007674650405533612, 0.0006430130451917648, 0.0006049812072888017, 0.0007069864077493548, 0.0005485490546561778, 0.000611117749940604 ]

[ "package com.x.processplatform.assemble.bam.jaxrs.period;\n\nimport java.util.", "ArrayList;\nimport java.util.", "List;\n\nimport com.x.base.core.container.", "EntityManagerContainer;\nimport com.x.base.core.container.factory.", "EntityManagerContainerFactory;\nimport com.x.base.core.project.annotation.", "FieldDescribe;\nimport com.x.base.core.project.gson.", "GsonPropertyObject;\nimport com.x.base.core.project.http.", "ActionResult;\nimport com.x.base.core.project.logger.", "Logger;\nimport com.x.base.core.project.logger.", "LoggerFactory;\nimport com.x.base.core.project.tools.", "DateRange;\nimport com.x.base.core.project.tools.", "DateTools;\nimport com.x.processplatform.assemble.bam.", "Business;\n\nclass ActionListCountCompletedTask extends BaseAction {\n\n\tprivate static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ActionListCountCompletedTask.class);\n\n\tActionResult<List<Wo>> execute(String applicationId, String processId, String activityId, String unit,\n\t\t\tString person) throws Exception {\n\t\ttry (EntityManagerContainer emc = EntityManagerContainerFactory.instance().create()) {\n\t\t\tActionResult<List<Wo>> result = new ActionResult<>();\n\t\t\tList<Wo> list = new ArrayList<>();\n\t\t\tBusiness business = new Business(emc);\n\t\t\tList<DateRange> os = this.listDateRange();\n\t\t\tfor (DateRange o : os) {\n\t\t\t\tWo wo = new Wo();\n\t\t\t\tString str = DateTools.format(o.getStart(), DateTools.format_yyyyMM);\n\t\t\t\two.setName(str);\n\t\t\t\two.setValue(str);\n\t\t\t\tLong count = this.countCompletedTask(business, o, applicationId, processId, activityId, unit,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tperson);\n\t\t\t\two.setCount(count);\n\t\t\t\tLong duration = this.durationCompletedTask(business, o, applicationId, processId, activityId, unit,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tperson);\n\t\t\t\two.setDuration(duration);\n\t\t\t\tlist.add(wo);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tresult.setData(list);\n\t\t\treturn result;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\tpublic static class Wo extends GsonPropertyObject {\n\n\t\t@FieldDescribe(\"名称\")\n\t\tprivate String name;\n\n\t\t@FieldDescribe(\"值\")\n\t\tprivate String value;\n\n\t\t@FieldDescribe(\"数量\")\n\t\tprivate Long count;\n\n\t\t@FieldDescribe(\"总时长\")\n\t\tprivate Long duration;\n\n\t\tpublic String getName() {\n\t\t\treturn name;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic void setName(String name) {\n\t\t\tthis.name = name;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic String getValue() {\n\t\t\treturn value;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic void setValue(String value) {\n\t\t\tthis.value = value;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic Long getCount() {\n\t\t\treturn count;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic void setCount(Long count) {\n\t\t\tthis.count = count;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic Long getDuration() {\n\t\t\treturn duration;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic void setDuration(Long duration) {\n\t\t\tthis.duration = duration;\n\t\t}\n\n\t}\n\n}" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0008307037642225623, 0.0008217337890528142, 0.0008248660014942288, 0.0008449192391708493, 0.0007932520238682628, 0.0007623462006449699, 0.001016856636852026, 0.0009370761108584702, 0.0012411618372425437, 0.0007494760793633759, 0.0006853110389783978, 0.0007076207548379898, 0.004490699153393507 ]

[ "POGO tax revenue increasing as fear of raids spreads\n\nA little fear is apparently all it took, and online operators are falling in line. ", "Philippine offshore gaming operators (POGO) are reportedly starting to pay their taxes, after witnesses what happens to POGOs who don’t.", "\n\nThe Manila Bulletin reports the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) is starting to see improvement in their collections on a monthly basis. ", "BIR Deputy Commissioner Arnel S.D. Guballa told the outlet that when compared to a collection of P1.4 billion ($27 million) in income taxes from foreign works in the period leading up to August 2018, they’ve now seen P1.63 billion ($32 million) taken in for the same period this year.", "\n\nHe further speculated that with the raids and closures of tax avoiding POGOS, he expects September to bring in even more, due to fear created in the industry. “", "Our collection is improving because they know that we’re doing enforcement activity. ", "As you know our dialogue with them had lapsed, we sent them notices and they are not complying, so we did the raid,” he said.", "\n\nHe stressed though that this isn’t a baseless claim, noting that several POGOs reached out to the BIR after tits raid on Great Empire Gaming and Amusement Corp, which resulted in a P1.3 billion ($25 million) tax payment and penalty.", "\n\nAs Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) chief Andrea Domingo recently told the media, the POGO industry can thrive so long as it follows the law. ", "She stressed that the regulator will continue its pause on accepting new applications until they’ve finalized a new formula to approve their operations. ", "In the meantime, she stressed that as long as POGOs pay their taxes and follow local laws, there should be no problems.", "\n\nThey will have a lot of ground to make up. ", "Despite Guballa’s boasts that the BIR has brought in an addition P200 million, the Department of Finance estimated in June that an additional PHP 20 billion is currently not being collected.", "\n\nResources\n\nPartner With Us\n\nThe Ayre Media Group is based in Antigua in the West Indies with teams in London, Manila and Vancouver covering the global gambling industry. ", "Along with ensuring fair coverage of the gambling industry we highlight the great work of the Calvin Ayre Foundation.", "\n\nContact Us\n\nWe’re here to help with whatever you need. ", "Send us an email and we’ll respond as quick as we can." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0013589444570243359, 0.0021420554257929325, 0.0005545129533857107, 0.000573136261664331, 0.0006757178925909102, 0.0006385119631886482, 0.0006954017444513738, 0.0065962993539869785, 0.0006378960679285228, 0.0005353578017093241, 0.0010801268508657813, 0.0005998836713843048, 0.0007447194657288492, 0.0005297776078805327, 0.0005211105453781784, 0.0006861096480861306, 0.0011920996475964785 ]

[ "An investigation of occupational stress among nurse tutors.", "\nAs most of us are aware from our own work-related experience, occupational stress is an inevitable part of our working lives and at low levels can actually act as a motivator to enhance performance. ", "However, at higher levels it has adverse consequences ( 2 ). ", "The cause and effects of stress are well documented by authors such as Cherniss ( 3 ), Cooper et al ( 1 ) and Fontana ( 4 )." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006254763575270772, 0.0005702493945136666, 0.0006024058093316853, 0.0005565059254877269 ]

[ "Identifying the conserved transcriptional regulatory network of hepatocytes will provide insight into the mechanisms of tissue specification and human diseases such as diabetes. ", "To this aim, the genomic regions occupied by key regulators in murine hepatocytes will be experimentally determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with microarrays. ", "A new joint binding deconvolution algorithm will identify the precise location of binding events in both the newly acquired mouse data and previously obtained human hepatocyte data. ", "Using the binding events identified in both species, a likelihood model of the conserved regulatory network between human and mouse will be constructed. ", "Finally, by examining closely related mammalian sequence data, the evolutionary history of the hepatocyte regulatory network can be inferred to provide insight into how gene regulation is maintained during the course of evolution." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0.0005631624371744692, 0.0006119253230281174, 0.000593205273617059, 0.0005393446772359312, 0.0005359204951673746 ]

[ "New Swift Current Broncos shot-caller Dean Brockman continued to prepare his roster for the 2018-19 WHL season this past week, announcing the acquisition of 20-year-old defenceman Ryan Pouliot, along with the signings of import forward Joona Kiviniemi and import defenceman Roope Pynnonen to WHL Standard Player Agreements.", "\n\nPouliot, who spent the 2017-18 season with the Kootenay ICE, was acquired off waivers Thursday, July 26. ", "Kiviniemi was also signed that day, while Pynnonen put pen to paper on Monday, July 30.", "\n\nPouliot – a 6-foot-2, 176-pound product of North Vancouver, B.C. – is a veteran of 169 career WHL regular season contests, having tallied 30 points (3G-27A) along the way.", "\n\nKiviniemi is a 16-year-old product of Oulu, Finland, having been selected in the first round (59th) of the 2018 CHL Import Draft. ", "The 6-foot-1, 161-pound forward posted three points (1G-2A) in 12 games with Karpat U18 of Finnish Junior B SM-sarja. ", "Internationally, Kiviniemi logged two assists in three games with the Finnish U-17 team during 2017-18.", "\n\nSubscribe to our Newsletter\n\nThe Canadian Hockey League (CHL) cares about your privacy. ", "Thank you for your interest in our network of websites, newsletters, and other services. ", "We believe in fully disclosing the methods to which we collect and use your personal information. ", "We also invite you to ask us about our policies or feel free to let us know how we can better serve your privacy concerns." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0008051199256442487, 0.0007999097579158843, 0.0006613859441131353, 0.0014778710901737213, 0.0011021464597433805, 0.0021035231184214354, 0.0006858651177026331, 0.0012330043828114867, 0.000513410079292953, 0.0006661354564130306, 0.000530414457898587 ]

[ "Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is an autocrine growth factor for numerous tumor cells. ", "FGF-SAP (a chemical conjugate of FGF and saporin, an enzyme that inhibits protein synthesis) inhibits melanoma and Kaposi's sarcoma cell growth in culture and is also active in tumor animal models. ", "In its current form, the chemical conjugate of FGF-SAP is a highly heterogeneous mixture at the molecular level. ", "Thus, it does not lend itself to the rigorous chemical characterization required for clinical evaluation of its potential application in the treatment of FGF receptor- dependent, proliferative disease. ", "For this reason, we propose to apply recombinant DNA technology to generate a homogeneous product. ", "The specific aims are to: l) design and synthesize forms of FGF that retain all of the growth factor's mitogenic activity, but have only one reactive site for its conjugation to SAP, 2) prepare a homogeneous preparation of derivatized SAP, giving it only one reactive site for its conjugation to FGF, and 3) produce a homogeneous chemical conjugate FGF-SAP by using these new starting materials. ", "This proposal presents major improvements in an innovative technology for tumOr treatment: direct tumor targeting by growth factors through their receptors." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0.0011372821172699332, 0.001327157486230135, 0.0008407455170527101, 0.0006689168512821198, 0.0005805665859952569, 0.000734387373086065, 0.0005601952434517443 ]

[ "SPIN FACTOR® - The HSX Blog\n\nFirst trailer for Masterminds\n\nRelativity has released the teaser trailer for the heist comedy Masterminds [LOMIS] inspired by the 1997 Loomis Fargo robbery. ", "Directed by Jared Hess [JHESS],Masterminds arrives in theaters on August 7th.", "\n\nDavid Ghantt (Zach Galifianakis [ZGALI]) discovers the true meaning of adventure far beyond his wildest dreams. ", "He is an uncomplicated man stuck in a monotonous life. ", "Day in and day out he drives an armored vehicle, transporting millions of other people’s money with no escape in sight. ", "The only glimmer of excitement is his flirtatious work crush Kelly Campbell (Kristen Wiig [KWIIG]) who soon lures him into the scheme of a lifetime. ", "Along with a group of half-brained criminals led by Steve Chambers (Owen Wilson [OWILS]) and an absurdly faulted heist plan, David manages the impossible and makes off with $17 million in cash…only problem is he foolishly hands the money over to this wild group of double crossers and has been set up to take the fall. ", "With the bandits blowing the millions on lavish and ridiculous luxuries, they leave behind a glaring trail of evidence. ", "Now on the lam and in over his head, David must dodge the authorities, evade a hilarious hit man, Mike McKinney (Jason Sudeikis [JSUDE]), and try to turn the tables on the ones he trusted most." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0007605768041685224, 0.0006040930165909231, 0.0006370054325088859, 0.0454128198325634, 0.0010478153126314282, 0.0013630520552396774, 0.06224219128489494, 0.020046506077051163, 0.03581038489937782 ]

[ "Hyperprolactinemia--a review of recent clinical advances.", "\nSince the radioimmunoassay for serum prolactin became available eight years ago, prolactin has become a hormone of considerable clinical interest. ", "An elevated serum prolactin concentration is the most frequent hormone marker for pituitary tumors. ", "Secreted in excess, prolactin causes dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the gonads, and the adrenal cortex. ", "In women, menstrual disturbances, galactorrhea, infertility, and hirsutism result. ", "Impotence, oligospermia, and decreased libido are common in men. ", "These metabolic abnormalities attributed to prolactin excess are corrected when prolactin concentrations are lowered by either medical or surgical therapy. ", "The availability of effective therapy mandates early recognition and proper management of the patient with hyperprolactinemia." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0008021401590667665, 0.000609139446169138, 0.0009797104867175221, 0.026819655671715736, 0.03370802477002144, 0.11742448806762695, 0.0007431566482409835, 0.0007090498111210763 ]

[ "> GET /info/windows-pr\n> accept-encoding: gzip\n> accept: */*\n> user-agent: bundler/2.2.0.rc.1 rubygems/3.2.0.pre1 ruby/2.7.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) command/lock options/spec_run a230f968f397e7ca\n> connection: keep-alive\n> keep-alive: 30\n> host: index.rubygems.org" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0011537314858287573 ]

[ "Ian Charleson Hedge\n\nIan Charleson Hedge is a Scottish botanist at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Edinburgh. ", "Ian Hedge made important contributions to the flora of Iran and the flora of Iraq and is a recognised authority on the flora of south-west Asia. ", "He has named more than 300 new plant species.", "\n\nBiography\nHedge spent seven months collecting in Turkey in 1957 with Peter Davis. ", "Together they gathered more than 6,000 specimens. ", "Then he spent 3 months in Afghanistan with (a Norwegian botanist) Per Wendelbo, they made significant collections to the Garden Herbarium in 1962 in the north and north-east of the country and then he returned in 1969 with Wendelbo and Lars Ekberg. ", "They were one of the first botanists to explore the area.", "\n\nHe described Salvia buchananii in the Botanical Magazine in 1963.", "\n\nIn 1982, he published a book about Salvia's, which recognised up to 86 species.", "\n\nBy 1988, he was the curator of the Botanical Garden Herbarium.", "\n\nHe collected in Portugal in the 1990s with Fatima Sales. ", "They then published 'Jasione L. taxonomy and phylogeny' in 2002. ", "Also 'Three perplexing names of species of Campanula L.' and 'The taxonomy and conservation of Campanula primulifolia (Campanulaceae), a critically endangered species in the Iberian Peninsula' in 2010 (with Anna Trias-Blasi, Eddie, William M.M. and Michel Möller).", "\n\nHe contributed to 'The Davis Festschrift' (edited by Kit Tan) on Peter Hadland Davis's 70th birthday and his own 60th Birthday in 1989.", "\n\nHe is mentioned in Mabberley's Plant-book of 2003. ", "and his The Plant-book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants (in 1990).", "\n\nIn 2010, with other members of the Royal Botanical Garden, he identified various plant specimens for Mark Price's book 'Animal Re-introductions: The Arabian Oryx in Oman'.", "\n\nOn 31 January 2012, he appealed (on behalf of the Royal Botanic Garden) via the BBC to the Pakistani government to release more than 4,000 copies of a botany text book destined for Afghanistan schools and environmental groups. ", "The 10 tonnes of books had been held at customs in Karachi for the past year. ", "It is the 'Field Guide Afghanistan Flora and Vegetation', written by Ian and Siegmar-Walter Breckle in 2010.", "\n\nOther sources\n M. Alam, 2009, \"Plant Collectors in Afghanistan\", Bulletin de la Société vaudoise des Sciences naturelles, 91(3): 327-329\n K. Tan (ed.), ", "1989, Plant taxonomy, phytogeography and related subjects. ", "The Davis & Hedge Festschrift. ", "\n Kent, D.H. & Allen, D.E., Brit. ", "Irish Herb. (", "1984)\n\nBibliography\n Studies in the Flora of Afghanistan by Ian Charleson Hedge and Per Wendelbo, 1963\n Flora Iranica: Capparidaceae - Volume 68 (Ian Charleson Hedge - 1970) \n Index of collectors in the Edinburgh Herbarium / edited by I. C. Hedge and J. M. Lamond, Edinburgh Herbarium, 1970\n Plant life of South-West Asia. ", "Edited by Peter Hadland Davis, Peter Charles Harper and Ian Charleson Hedge (1971),\n Flora Europea (Ian Charleson Hedge - 1972) \n A revision of Salvia in Africa and the Canary Islands. (", "Ian Hedge - 1974)\n Aizoaceae (Ian Charleson Hedge, Jennifer M. Lamond - 1975) \n Molluginaceae (Ian Charleson Hedge, Jennifer M. Lamond - 1975) \n Iridaceae: Aizoaceae (Karl Heinz Rechinger, Per Wendelbo, Brian Mathew, Ian Charleson Hedge, Jennifer M. Lamond, Jindrich Chrtek, Bohdan Křísa, Henriëtte Dorothea Schotsman, Harald Riedl - 1975)\n Flora of Turkey and the eastern Aegaean Islands, vol. ", "7, Labiatae. (", "Ian Hedge and P.H Davis) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1982\n Flora of Cyprus. ", "Ian C Hedge (R.D. Meikle -editor), Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, 1985\n Umbelliferae / I.C. Hedge editor, Karl Heinz Rechinger Hedge, Ian C. (Ian Charleson) 1987\n Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography and Related Subjects: Davis and Hedge Festschrift by P. H. Davis, Ian Charleson Hedge, Kit Tan and R.R. Mill (2 Nov 1989) \n Chenopodiaceae (Ian Hedge) 1997 \n Labiatae (Ian Charleson Hedge, S. I. Ali, Yasin J. Nasir - 1990 )\n Flora of Pakistan. ", "No. ", "204, Chenopodiaceae (Heiko Freitag, Ian Charleson Hedge, S. M. H. Jafri) \n Cruciferae (Brassicaceae), Ian Hedge, The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, 1997.", "\n Field Guide Afghanistan Flora and Vegetation (Ian Hedge and Siegmar-Walter Breckle, 2010\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Has photo of Ian Hedge\n\nCategory:1928 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Scottish botanists" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0007488863775506616, 0.0006199281779117882, 0.0006509905797429383, 0.0005872856709174812, 0.0006471542874351144, 0.0005978033295832574, 0.0006940371822565794, 0.0006112747942097485, 0.0005997424595989287, 0.0006173847941681743, 0.0005894722416996956, 0.0005925893783569336, 0.0005957291577942669, 0.0006163218058645725, 0.0006405922467820346, 0.000600959814619273, 0.0005865400307811797, 0.0005561818834394217, 0.0005591129302047193, 0.0006129362736828625, 0.0005848148721270263, 0.0006196676404215395, 0.0006694908370263875, 0.0007573344046249986, 0.0007937983609735966, 0.0006288922159001231, 0.0006487159407697618, 0.0007708832272328436, 0.0009927039500325918, 0.0006418429547920823, 0.0007178980740718544, 0.0013785817427560687, 0.0006821682909503579, 0.0006301843095570803 ]

[ "Q:\n\nDeveloping android on android\n\nIs there currently a way of developing android apps on an android phone? ", "In other words, write, compile, install and run regular android java on the phone without using a pc? ", "If not, what would make it possible, if at all? (", "would rooting be necessary? ", "Or an android emulator compiled for android?)", "\n\nA:\n\nAndroid-IDE (AIDE) is the first application which allows you to develop another android application in mobile device.", "\n\nAIDE (Android IDE) allows you to develop an Android project in any android based mobile phone.", "You don’t need any PC or any editor not even eclipse. ", " \n\nThe main aim of AIDE is Self-contained mobile developed platform. ", " \n\nYou can look for Meme IDE 1.14 for Windows Mobile and Android, check the detail on the link specified..\nRef:\nAndroid-IDE (AIDE)\nDevelop Android apps from within Android using AIDE (video)\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007371077663265169, 0.0010986446868628263, 0.0005801860243082047, 0.0008298797183670104, 0.0007133662584237754, 0.0006354631623253226, 0.0006179081392474473, 0.0008510216721333563, 0.0006033909739926457, 0.0005940523114986718 ]

[ "Q:\n\nphp RecursiveDirectoryIterator: how to exclude directory paths with a dot and double dots?", "\n\nRecursiveDirectoryIterator seems to give me two different results from my localhost and live server,\ndefine ('WEBSITE_DOCROOT', str_replace('\\\\', '/', dirname(__FILE__)).'/');\n\nprint_r(WEBSITE_DOCROOT);\n\n// List all the class directories in the array.", "\n$main_directories = array(\n 'core/model/',\n 'core/helper/',\n 'core/ext/'\n);\n\n// Set other vars and arrays.", "\n$sub_directories = array();\n\n// List any sub dirs in the main dirs above and store them in an array.", "\nforeach($main_directories as $path_directory)\n{\n $iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator\n (\n new RecursiveDirectoryIterator(WEBSITE_DOCROOT.$path_directory), // Must use absolute path to get the files when ajax is used.", "\n RecursiveIteratorIterator::SELF_FIRST\n );\n\n foreach ($iterator as $fileObject) \n {\n if ($fileObject->isDir()) \n {\n //if($fileObject->isDir() === '.' ", "|| $fileObject->isDir() === '..') {continue;} \n\n // Must trim off the WEBSITE_DOCROOT. ", "\n $sub_directories[] = preg_replace('~.*?(?=core|local)~i', '', str_replace('\\\\', '/', $fileObject->getPathname())) .'/';\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Mearge the main dirs with any sub dirs in them.", "\n$merged_directories = array_merge($main_directories,$sub_directories);\nprint_r($merged_directories);\n\nlocalhost,\n(\n [0] => core/model/\n [1] => core/helper/\n [2] => core/ext/\n)\n\nlive server,\n(\n [0] => core/model/\n [1] => core/helper/\n [2] => core/ext/\n [3] => core/model/./\n [4] => core/model/../\n [5] => core/helper/./\n [6] => core/helper/../\n [7] => core/ext/./\n [8] => core/ext/../\n)\n\nSo, how can I exclude the directory paths with a dot and double dots?", "\nEDIT:\nLive server - PHP version 5.3.27\nLocalhost - PHP version 5.5\n\nA:\n\nTry with : \nnew RecursiveDirectoryIterator(WEBSITE_DOCROOT.$path_directory, RecursiveDirectoryIterator::SKIP_DOTS);\n\nSee http://us1.php.net/manual/en/class.filesystemiterator.php\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0010192741174250841, 0.000675029878038913, 0.000674998969770968, 0.0007721525034867227, 0.0009189116535708308, 0.001837815740145743, 0.001580592361278832, 0.0011860296363011003, 0.0007938096532598138, 0.0008143845479935408 ]

[ "This is a modern and unique 12 roomed 749sqm house. ", "It has 4 bedrooms (3 of them ensuites), 5 bathrooms some with marble others with wood, 2 living rooms, 1 dining room, a spacious fully equipped kitchen, laundry, office with library on two floors, garage, large swimming pool and extensive garden with views over the fields. ", "The floor is made of running jatobá wooden boards. ", "It also has central heating and double glazing in all rooms.", "\nTo guarantee full privacy the two plots annexed to the house are all part of the same set. ", "They are respectively 1) a building plot with area of 1553qm and 2) 10,000sqm plot with fruit trees and mine.", "\nLocated in Santo Tirso 30km from the city of Porto as well as the International Airport this house invites you to live peacefully in the country although in a quiet area but practically within the city – a two in one.", "\nAt 20m it has excellent hospitals, international schools (English, German, French) and spectacular beaches. ", "Read more\n\nThis is a modern and unique 12 roomed 749sqm house. ", "It has 4 bedrooms (3 of them ensuites), 5 bathrooms some with marble others with wood, 2 living rooms, 1 dining room, a spacious fully equipped kitchen, laundry, office with library on two floors, garage, large swimming pool and extensive garden with views over the fields. ", "The floor is made of running jatobá wooden boards. ", "It also has central heating and double glazing in all rooms.", "\nTo guarantee full privacy the two plots annexed to the house are all part of the same set. ", "They are respectively 1) a building plot with area of 1553qm and 2) 10,000sqm plot with fruit trees and mine.", "\nLocated in Santo Tirso 30km from the city of Porto as well as the International Airport this house invites you to live peacefully in the country although in a quiet area but practically within the city – a two in one.", "\nAt 20m it has excellent hospitals, international schools (English, German, French) and spectacular beaches. ", "Read less\n\nDISCOVER MORE ABOUT FINE & COUNTRY\n\nMULTI-AWARD WINNING\n\nOur consistent efforts to offer innovative marketing combined with a high level of service have been recognised by the industry for an astounding fifth year in a row, winning Best International Real Estate Agency Marketing at the International Residential Property Awards.", "\n\nINDEPENDENT EXPERTISE\n\nEvery Fine & Country agent is a highly proficient and professional independent estate agent, operating to strict codes of conduct and dedicated to you. ", "They will assist, advise and inform you through each stage of the property transaction.", "\n\nGLOBAL EXPOSURE\n\nWith offices in over 300 locations worldwide we combine the widespread exposure of the international marketplace with national marketing campaigns and local expertise and knowledge of carefully selected independent property professionals.", "\n\nUNIQUE MARKETING APPROACH\n\nPeople buy as much into lifestyle of a property and its location as they do the bricks and mortar. ", "We utilize sophisticated, intelligent and creative marketing that provides the type of information buyers would never normally see with other agents.", "\n\nPARK LANE OFFICE\n\nAccess the lucrative London and international investor market from our prestigious Park Lane showrooms at 121 Park Lane, Mayfair. ", "Our showrooms in London are amongst the very best placed in Europe, attracting clients from all over the world.", "\n\nOur International Network\n\nConnecting offices on over 300 locations worldwide, our referral system combines local knowledge and expertise with an international network to find the right buyer for you wherever they are, at the same time as finding you your ideal next move\n\nOur International Websites\n\nSOCIAL MEDIA\n\nWe interact with customers on the main social media channels including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, Pinterest and Google+, giving each property maximum online exposure.", "\n\nMedia Centre\n\nMEDIA CENTRE Our internal Media Centre is a team of experienced press relations managers and copy writers dedicated to liaising with newspapers, magazines and other media outlets to gain extensive coverage for our properties in national and local media.", "\n\nWe have partnered with IFX, one of the world’s leading foreign exchange specialists to provide private and tailored currency services for all of our clients buying and selling luxury property around the world. ", "Find out how we can help »" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.001455349731259048, 0.0006706668063998222, 0.001009170082397759, 0.0010577832581475377, 0.0006154082366265357, 0.0007824136409908533, 0.0006945407367311418, 0.0008285940857604146, 0.0010333507088944316, 0.0006706668063998222, 0.001009170082397759, 0.0010577832581475377, 0.0006154082366265357, 0.0007824136409908533, 0.0006945407367311418, 0.0008285940857604146, 0.0005623252363875508, 0.0005481076659634709, 0.0005192724638618529, 0.0005258160526864231, 0.0006340453983284533, 0.0005795410834252834, 0.0005817957571707666, 0.0005660871393047273, 0.0005433862679637969, 0.0005984565359540284, 0.0005626492784358561, 0.0007525556138716638 ]

[ "Altersundet\n\nAltersundet is a river in Sweden.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Rivers of Norrbotten County" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0021972907707095146, 0.0007352587999776006 ]

[ "The just released ALL STAR BATMAN #6 may just be the perfect super hero comic for a cold winter’s night. ", "Set in Alaska, three hundred miles north of the Arctic Circle, it features Batman battling Mr. Freeze in one of the harshest climates imaginable to stop a plot that could destroy life as we know it. ", "It’s a chilling story, both in setting and substance, and proves that when it comes to All Star Batman, Scott Snyder is thinking massive.", "\n\nIssue #6 is also a reunion between Snyder and artists Jock and Francesco Francavilla, his two collaborators on BATMAN: THE BLACK MIRROR, the modern classic that introduced Snyder to the world of Batman and landed him as the writer of the Dark Knight’s core series throughout The New 52. ", "Fortunately, this reunion was far warmer than Batman’s on-page reunion with Victor Fries, as we learned when we sat down with Snyder to talk all things All Star.", "\n\nFirst and foremost, how did this reunion come together? ", "Was it something you wanted to do before All Star Batman?", "\n\nYeah, I’ve been waiting to work with Jock and Francesco on a single issue forever. ", "With BATMAN, there weren’t a lot of backups or opportunities to sort of blend artists. ", "So once All Star Batman was announced or even when we started to get the idea for it, I approached them first. ", "I think Jock was literally the first person I approached and Francesco had asked about doing something together. ", "They were both great about it.", "\n\nIt feels a lot like coming home. ", "The two of them, we have a longstanding friendship. ", "They’re the first artists that ever took a chance on me when I was nobody and they were already really established. ", "I mean, Rafael Albuquerque took a big chance with AMERICAN VAMPIRE, but we were both still pretty green. ", "But , Jock was already a really well known name and Francesco had built a big reputation already as well. ", "So the fact that they took the risk and did the entire year with me on Detective was just something I’ll never be able to repay. ", "But we’ve become kind of like family, and obviously, I have a consistent working relationship with Jock. ", "Francesco and I have plans to do more stuff together too, so it just feels terrific to get to work with the two of them.", "\n\nDid you always have the Mister Freeze story in mind for Jock, or was that something that came later?", "\n\nNo, I asked him. ", "I asked who he’d like to work on. ", "That’s the way All Star Batman has worked from the start. ", "It’s always been about approaching an artist and asking them which villain they’d like to use. ", "I have a notebook of ideas for each villain and ways to make them scary personally for me, based on my own worries, but also hopefully make them scary for the particular moment in time now. ", "To make them speak to things that feel like they’re in the zeitgeist in one way or another.", "\n\nSo I ask the artists if there’s anyone in particular they really want to use, and if there is, I just flip through and see if I have viable ideas for that character. ", "Jock jumped to Mr. Freeze immediately. ", "He wanted to do something with Mr. Freeze, the cold and the ice—something like John Carpenter’s The Thing. ", "That’s right up my alley. ", "It was a pretty easy sell.", "\n\nI was surprised to see that All Star Batman #6 is essentially a prose story that’s also told through art. ", "There are no word balloons. ", "How did that approach develop?", "\n\nIt was kind of the last stage. ", "I was looking at it and I was doing conventional lettering, and it just felt somehow too intimate—too on the nose and too immediate. ", "The feeling I wanted for this issue was a sense of distance. ", "I wanted it to feel remote and cold, almost like a transmission from another planet. ", "It occurred to me that I could do it this way. ", "I approached Jock and Steve Wands, the letterer, to ask if they’d mind, and they were totally game. ", "Steve is amazing.", "\n\nWe tried it out and I just fell in love with it. ", "I hope it goes over well. ", "I’m really excited about it.", "\n\nBoth of the stories we’ve seen in All Star Batman have taken Batman far outside of what we’d say is his comfort zone. ", "As a writer, how challenging is it to make Batman work as something other than a Gotham City crimefighter?", "\n\nI thought it would be challenging. ", "I’d always been scared of it when I was doing Batman with Greg , but it turns out that it’s super liberating and easy. ", "When he’s bound to Gotham in the main series, you’re trying to find ways of putting extensions of your own fears, your personal demons and your anxieties about the world into this very grounded setting. ", "But once you’re out, I realized you suddenly have this bigger canvas, and it can get crazier, more elastic and stranger.", "\n\nWe’re going to be featuring Batman in Death Valley, in the swamps of the Delta and in Washington D.C. With each one, I can explore something totemically scary because the villains have been reconfigured a little bit to embody those kinds of things. ", "For example, Mad Hatter has a new kind of madness very much of this moment and Ivy speaks to certain fears about things now. ", "In Washington D.C., we’re not telling a political story. ", "There’s no commentary in terms of the political moment right now. ", "But it’s a wargame story that kind of culminates with this backroom battle between Batman and somebody else that could end a big portion of the world. ", "So it’s a series that lives up to its title in a way that every villain is almost reimagined as a figure that’s left Gotham for a moment to either help or hurt something that has the potential to end the world. ", "In a way, taking Batman out of Gotham has allowed me to create even bigger, crazier stories with the same sort of pieces that I didn’t realize could become so expansive.", "\n\nI love it. ", "It’s easily the most fun I’ve had with Batman. ", "I always loved worked with Greg on Batman, but there’s a different kind of pressure to that series that’s constantly in conversation with itself. ", "This series is certainly a conversation with itself in that each issue is meant to sort of veer from the last and do something different. ", "But I can be a lot more exploratory with it.", "\n\nMister Freeze and Batman have one major, core similarity in that they were both set on their paths in life by unbelievable loss. ", "Do you see them as (no pun intended!) ", "polar opposites in some ways?", "\n\nThat would have been a good title! ", "I do see them that way, kind of positioned against each other. ", "I think what happens to Victor is that he becomes myopic and very nearsighted about revisiting that tragedy and sort of undoing it. ", "As much as it seems altruistic or about Nora, it’s really about himself because he’s willing to hurt anybody to get her back. ", "In that way, it’s sort of a twisted version of a hero’s mission. ", "Bruce, on the other hand, is willing to sacrifice anything in his own life that he cares about, outside of other people, for the greater good. ", "So they’re sort of twisted reflections of each other in that regard.", "\n\nDo you think Batman believes redemption is possible for Victor? ", "It seems a bit like it in this story.", "\n\nYeah, he always does. ", "One of the things about Batman—or at least our version of him—is that no matter what you do, he’ll never close the door on you. ", "The only character that’s an exemption is the Joker. ", "To me, Joker is the only person that’s irredeemable to him and it’s because he believes that Joker almost isn’t a person. ", "Batman believes that he’s human, he doesn’t think he’s supernatural, but he believes that Joker was born evil. ", "There’s something just so terrible about this guy that there’s no coming back. ", "I think he has very little hope for characters like Zsasz and others, but he’s always willing to listen if they approached him with some impulse towards redemption. ", "But with certain characters like Two-Face or with Mr. Freeze, I think they’re much closer to the line.", "\n\nYou’re now in your seventh year of working on Batman, and judging by how strong All Star Batman has been, it’s clear you haven’t run out of entertaining, thought-provoking ideas. ", "Do you think you’ll ever really be done with him?", "\n\nI don’t think I’ll ever be done with him in that he’s my favorite character. ", "I have stories I want to do with Lee Bermejo and with Sean Murphy, Paul Pope and all these other artists. ", "So I have at least a couple more years of Batman stories in me, but whether or not I do those now or later… I mean, I’m certainly doing them now with All Star. ", "I have no plans to do anything but continue the series for as long as I can. ", "But even when I move on to other projects, I’ll always return to him. ", "He’s easily my favorite character, and I feel like Batman’s a touchstone for me writing-wise and I’d love to come back now and then to do stuff with him.", "\n\nI don’t think I’ll ever take the main series again or anything like that because we had such a great turn. ", "I don’t think I’d ever try and compete with what I did with Greg. ", "But doing different kinds of Batman stories like this will always be something that excites me.", "\n\n\n\nALL STAR BATMAN #6 by Scott Snyder, Jock, Francesco Francavilla and Matt Hollingsworth is now available in print and as a digital download." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.006497552618384361, 0.0010043173097074032, 0.0006745401187799871, 0.0007669342448934913, 0.0005902759730815887, 0.0005470267497003078, 0.0014449573354795575, 0.0015813481295481324, 0.0007673655054531991, 0.0005800054641440511, 0.0007004106882959604, 0.0005852930480614305, 0.0007616712246090174, 0.0005821088561788201, 0.0008414251497015357, 0.0006294162594713271, 0.0012654208112508059, 0.0011408362770453095, 0.0018640387570485473, 0.0005428476142697036, 0.0025514510925859213, 0.0007878164760768414, 0.0006142549682408571, 0.0010927201947197318, 0.001090963021852076, 0.000559201929718256, 0.005482182838022709, 0.0005301526980474591, 0.005862188991159201, 0.0020584966987371445, 0.06741096079349518, 0.0007182278786785901, 0.0006305576534941792, 0.0016540972283110023, 0.0006783594726584852, 0.0013302661245688796, 0.0005796614568680525, 0.000556844926904887, 0.0009400253184139729, 0.0006526423385366797, 0.0036022488493472338, 0.0006287132855504751, 0.0006124673527665436, 0.0005612042732536793, 0.000540927576366812, 0.0007956165936775506, 0.0007535743643529713, 0.0005637339199893177, 0.0007384373457171023, 0.07387927174568176, 0.003966779913753271, 0.000617327110376209, 0.0014179912395775318, 0.0006588512915186584, 0.0006307899602688849, 0.0018794984789565206, 0.0029870038852095604, 0.000866676913574338, 0.0006967255030758679, 0.001297595794312656, 0.0005923685966990888, 0.0006572200218215585, 0.0005987960612401366, 0.0009192855795845389, 0.0009804897708818316, 0.00079360167728737, 0.0006540361791849136, 0.000599135470110923, 0.0038277297280728817, 0.03554718196392059, 0.0008590942015871406, 0.001437717699445784, 0.0007948981947265565, 0.0010488834232091904, 0.0006079014856368303, 0.0008244875934906304, 0.008212799206376076, 0.022019533440470695, 0.06514934450387955, 0.10091428458690643, 0.0017050877213478088, 0.0005839618388563395, 0.0015631596324965358, 0.003152240766212344, 0.002224117051810026, 0.0009813921060413122, 0.0006410047644749284, 0.0006512824911624193, 0.0006672187591902912, 0.0007371960091404617, 0.0007150471210479736, 0.0008676605648361146, 0.001269895932637155, 0.0007694168598391116, 0.0006722791586071253 ]

[ "Dynamic changes in the main regulatory genes of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in Eimeria tenella host cells.", "\nThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the dynamic changes in the main regulatory genes of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in E. tenella host cells. ", "Primary chick embryo cecum epithelial cell culture techniques, spectrophotometer technology, Hoechst-Annexin V-PI apoptosis staining and ELISA were used to detect the apoptosis rate and dynamic changes of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bak, Bid, Bad, HK-II, and ATP content in E. tenella host cells at 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. The rates of early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and necrosis of group T0 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) or highly significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those of group C at 4 h, but higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at varying degrees than those of the same group at 24-120 h. Compared to group C, the amount of Bcl-2, ATP, Bax and Bad in group T0 were visibly lower (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at 4 h, whereas Bcl-xl/Bax was highly significantly higher (P < 0.01) at 4 h. In addition, group T0 had less ATP at 24-120 h than group C, whereas the amount of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bak, Bid, Bad and HK-II in group T0 inversely increased in varying degrees at 24-120 h compared with group C. Moreover, Bcl-2/Bax was lower (P < 0.01) at 24, 48, and 96 h, and Bcl-xl/Bax was lower (P < 0.05) at 48 h in group T0 than in group C, respectively. ", "Taken together, these observations indicate that in the early developmental stages of E. tenella, the host-cell apoptosis rate decreased; although the amount of anti- and pro-apoptotic genes in host cells decreased, the ratios of anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic bcl-2 gene-family members increased. ", "In the middle and later developmental stages of E. tenella, the host-cell apoptosis rate increased; the amount of anti- and pro-apoptotic genes increased, while the ratios of anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic bcl-2 gene-family members decreased. ", "In addition, ATP decreased at all developmental stages of E. tenella." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006143981590867043, 0.0005677836597897112, 0.0007999581866897643, 0.0005830047302879393, 0.0006654086173512042, 0.0005828402936458588 ]

[ "At least five people have been killed after a volcano erupted Monday on a small New Zealand island frequented by tourists, with a number of people missing and injured after the eruption.", "\n\nPrime Minister Jacinda Ardern said about 100 tourists were on or near White Island when it erupted in the afternoon.", "\n\n“Some of those, at this stage, are unaccounted for,” she said. ‘“", "A number of people are reportedly injured and are being transported to shore.”", "\n\nShe said the incident appeared to be “very significant.”", "\n\n“All our thoughts are with those affected,” she said.", "\n\nThe GeoNet agency said a moderate volcanic eruption had occurred and raised its alert level to four, on a scale where five represents a major eruption.", "\n\nWhite Island sits about 50 kilometers (30 miles) offshore from mainland New Zealand. ", "There will be questions asked as to why tourists were still able to visit the island after scientists recently noted an uptick in volcanic activity.", "\n\nWhite Island is northeast of the town of Tauranga on North Island, one of New Zealand’s two main islands. ", "Police were asking people to avoid areas on the North Island that were close to the eruption, including the Whakatane Heads and Muriwai Drive areas.", "\n\nGeoNet says it is New Zealand’s most active cone volcano and about 70 percent of the volcano is under the sea.", "\n\nTwelve people were killed on the island in 1914 when it was being mined for sulphur. ", "Part of a crater wall collapsed and a landslide destroyed the miners’ village and the mine itself.", "\n\nThe remains of buildings from another mining enterprise in the 1920s are now a tourist attraction, according to GeoNet.", "\n\nThe island became a private scenic reserve in 1953, and daily tours allow more than 10,000 people to visit the volcano every year.", "\n\nThe island is also known by the indigenous Maori name Whakaari.", "\n\nLast Update: Wednesday, 20 May 2020 KSA 09:54 - GMT 06:54" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0007285632891580462, 0.0006268112920224667, 0.0006263720570132136, 0.0007171308388933539, 0.0005981072899885476, 0.0007005969528108835, 0.0005786283873021603, 0.0006597897154279053, 0.000524373899679631, 0.0008512543863616884, 0.0009900276781991124, 0.0008772412547841668, 0.004366644192487001, 0.0032184526789933443, 0.0006202709628269076, 0.0005558999837376177, 0.0008363867527805269, 0.0006650060531683266 ]

[ "Immunohistochemical analysis of Na+/I- symporter distribution in human extra-thyroidal tissues.", "\n131Iodine concentration has been described in several extra-thyroidal tissues. ", "Recent evidence has shown that iodine uptake is achieved by the recently cloned human Na(+)/I(-) symporter (hNIS) gene. ", "However, conflicting results were observed in the expression of hNIS transcripts in extra-thyroidal tissues. ", "In order to document further the distribution of hNIS, we investigated its expression using an immunohistochemical method, based on a polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide. ", "Various extra-thyroidal tissues were examined, particularly from the digestive tract. ", "Our results confirm that the salivary glands and the stomach express hNIS protein significantly. ", "In contrast, hNIS was undetectable in the colon but the rectal mucosa, which has never been examined, exhibited positive immunohistochemical staining. ", "Other digestive tissues, including the oesophagus, small intestine and appendix, were negative. ", "Weak staining was observed in the mammary gland, indicating that hNIS is expressed in this tissue. ", "The pancreas, skin, ovaries, spleen and kidney showed no positive immunostaining." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006010325159877539, 0.0005799065111204982, 0.0006319429376162589, 0.0005953460931777954, 0.0005380971706472337, 0.0022546977270394564, 0.0009029054781422019, 0.0012516010319814086, 0.007748652249574661, 0.0015589338727295399, 0.01982286013662815 ]

[ "Capuchin monkeys' use of human and conspecific cues to solve a hidden object-choice task.", "\nLearning by watching others can provide valuable information with adaptive consequences, such as identifying the presence of a predator or locating a food source. ", "The extent to which nonhuman animals can gain information by reading the cues of others is often tested by evaluating responses to human gestures, such as a point, and less often evaluated by examining responses to conspecific cues. ", "We tested whether ten brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus [Sapajus] apella) were able to use cues from monkeys and a pointing cue from a human to obtain hidden rewards. ", "A monkey could gain access to a reward hidden in one of two locations by reading a cue from a conspecific (e.g., reaching) or a human pointing. ", "We then tested whether they could transfer this skill from monkeys to humans, from humans to monkeys, and from one conspecific to another conspecific. ", "One group of monkeys was trained and tested using a conspecific as the cue-giver and was then tested with a human cue-giver. ", "The second group of monkeys was trained and tested with a human cue-giver and was then tested with a monkey cue-giver. ", "Monkeys that were successful with a conspecific cue-giver were also tested with a novel conspecific cue-giver. ", "Monkeys learned to use a human point and conspecific cues to obtain rewards. ", "Monkeys that had learned to use the cues of a conspecific to obtain rewards performed significantly better than expected by chance when they were transferred to the cues of a novel conspecific. ", "Monkeys that learned to use a human point to obtain rewards performed significantly better than expected by chance when tested while observing conspecific cues. ", "Some evidence suggested that transferring between conspecific cue-givers occurred with more facility than transferring across species. ", "Results may be explained by simple rules of association learning and stimulus generalization; however, spontaneous flexible use of gestures across conspecifics and between different species may indicate capuchins can generalize learned social cues within and partially across species." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.08330624550580978, 0.0006005543982610106, 0.0015376227675005794, 0.0036210075486451387, 0.002882466185837984, 0.004035167396068573, 0.0023727775551378727, 0.00641591427847743, 0.010857278481125832, 0.02582376077771187, 0.0028144684620201588, 0.002455232897773385, 0.0005822780658490956, 0.0006160144112072885 ]

[ "Pablo Martinez Monsivais / AP\n\nSen. Catherine Cortez Masto wasn’t on the ballot last month, but she deserves congratulations for a major November achievement.", "\n\nIn being chosen to lead the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, Cortez Masto gained a prominent new role that is actually a victory for all of Nevada and a recognition of how our state is at the forefront of the nation when it comes to electing creative, inclusive, dignified and humane leaders.", "\n\nNevada has established the gold standard in terms of getting eligible voters registered to vote and energizing them to show up at the polls. ", "That’s especially the case among voters of color and among younger voters. ", "And by doing so, Nevada is electing leaders like Cortez Masto who approach the job with a fresh spirit and a willingness to focus on solutions for the people, not hyper-partisan posturing. ", "National Democrats appear to have noticed, and they want some of that magic.", "\n\nAs Roll Call put it, “There has been perhaps no more effective Democratic Party organization in recent years than the Nevada state party, which has built a diverse coalition centered in the largely Latino communities of Las Vegas and in alignment with Culinary Union Local 226.”", "\n\nMeanwhile, Cortez Masto also represents the moderate, bipartisan type of leader that Nevadans have increasingly supported as the Republican Party has lurched farther and farther right. ", "Those leaders include centrist Gov. Brian Sandoval, a like-minded successor in Steve Sisolak, and Democrat Jacky Rosen for the House and then the Senate. ", "Voters were looking for problem solvers, not party extremists, and the Democrats here were smart enough to listen.", "\n\nSo it’s no surprise that party members elsewhere want to copy what’s happening here.", "\n\nAnd now, with Cortez Masto leading the way, the regional model has a chance to expand well beyond Nevada. ", "That would mean great things for American democracy, given the potential to boost turnout among groups that haven’t typically voted in large numbers.", "\n\nThe choice of Cortez Masto for the position is significant in other ways. ", "She’s the first Latina to lead the committee, and just the second woman to do so. ", "She’s also one of the four women who now lead the main campaign committees heading the Senate, House, gubernatorial and state legislative races, each of whom replaced a man. ", "Meanwhile, the four positions in the Republican Party are held by men.", "\n\nFinally, the selection of Cortez Masto also should ease concerns about Nevada’s influence in the Senate after the departure of Harry Reid.", "\n\nTrue, Reid cast an enormous shadow, but it speaks volumes for Cortez Masto’s reputation among her colleagues that they’ve entrusted her with the party’s election strategy.", "\n\nIn short, the Democrats see Cortez Masto as a new face of American politics.", "\n\nIn a nation that is growing more diverse ethnically and where women are flexing their political power like never before, the successful party will be the one that can heed voters who demand new faces and a return to a less partisan approach to governing." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0005855142953805625, 0.0007264224113896489, 0.0006838013650849462, 0.0006753168418072164, 0.0007489619893021882, 0.002922716084867716, 0.0006779374089092016, 0.0011584674939513206, 0.0007563128019683063, 0.002187195932492614, 0.0006507904618047178, 0.0006832669023424387, 0.0005664374330081046, 0.0005973937222734094, 0.0013961350778117776, 0.0006480353185907006, 0.0007626310107298195, 0.0006616204627789557, 0.0006845988100394607, 0.0018947806674987078, 0.0026927525177598 ]

[ "Q:\n\nWhat direction does a ball move whose axis of spin is neither parallel nor orthogonal to a flat surface?", "\n\nAssume non-slip conditions on a flat surface. ", "Assuming that a ball starts from a standstill, and starts spinning of its own accord, what's the relationship between the translational direction a ball moves and its axis of spin? (", "Think in terms of the BB-8 droid from Star Wars.) ", "\nGoogle searches have shown me nothing other than simplistic situations where the axis of spin is perfectly parallel to the ground and orthogonal to the ball's direction of motion.", "\n\nA:\n\nI think the thing you are describing looks like this:\n\nNow the point where the ball touches the surface has a velocity $v=\\omega r'$. We can compute the linear distance $r'$ from $R$ and $\\theta$:\n$$r' = R\\sin\\theta$$\nIf the angular velocity is constant, the ball will run in a straight line, with velocity $v=R\\omega\\sin\\theta$ in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper as drawn here (plane that includes both the axis of rotation and the contact point).", "\nThe first improvement to that simple model would take into account that the contact will not be a \"point\", but rather an \"area\". ", "As drawn, points to the right of the contact \"point\" will be moving faster, and points to the right will be moving slower, than the central point. ", "This results in a torque about the vertical axis, which will appear anticlockwise if viewed from the top.", "\nWhen you add that vector to the vector of the rotation, it tends to cancel the vertical component - meaning that over time, the sphere will start to rotate more about the horizontal axis. ", "Of course if there is a contact area there will be a general slowing down of the rotation (heat dissipation due to friction because not all contact points travel at the same speed).", "\nIt gets more interesting if the ball \"starts to rotate\" from a stationary position, because then the net force on the ball (not through the center of mass) will create a torque that will cause precession of the axis of rotation - in the diagram as drawn, the axis of rotation will tilt towards the observer, so as the ball rolls away from you it would appear to swerve to the right.", "\nPeripherally related: this video of a concept for a new spherical wheel...\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0009800302796065807, 0.0007573088514618576, 0.0007093485910445452, 0.000782874645665288, 0.0007015797891654074, 0.0007198583916760981, 0.0005776062607765198, 0.0006822781870141625, 0.0006257854984141886, 0.0006922192987985909, 0.0006645381799899042, 0.0008443590486422181, 0.0006020740256644785 ]

[ "Large Computer Desk Veneered ash Mdf\n\nThis desk is made for computer and music equipment and to fit with the room it was intended for.", "Made from 2 8×4`s of moisture resistant MDF, 16mm thickness.", "I bought the M?DF mail order and asked if it was veneered on both sides “yes ” replied the salesman, Ok I thought, assuming it was Ash both sides, so I ordered it, along with iron on edge banding and a piece of solid Ash. ", "Only when it arrived did I realized it was a different wood on the B side, this mistake was mine I did not ask if it was A/A or A/B veneered. ", "Remember this point if you order this stuff, luckily I kind of got away with it in this case but it could have been an expensive mistake.", "\n\nI first cut out all the required pieces with a circular saw and a straight edge clamp. ", "A careful cutting list was needed to get all the bits out of 2 sheets.", "Next I biscuit jointed the solid timber lips on to the top and shelves. ", "I used an epoxy resin because it dries quick and glues strongly.", "I used masking tape a lot on the glue up to stop messy squeeze out.", "All the joints are using biscuits (no 10). ", "This is only about the second time I have done biscuits and I will just say a bit about it which may help someone out. ", "I purchased an Erbaur machine for a good price. ", "Previously have I used a borrowed Trend machine. ", "The Erbaur is not in the same class as the Trend but works well enough. ", "The problem I found was that the fence did not want to stay parallel across the face of the machine. ", "This is because the winder is on one side and it always pulls this side down further than the opposing side. ", "Once I noticed this problem I found I could move it square by hand and lock it in osition, the trend was far superior in this regard with a perfectly square fence.", "\nOnce set up the machine cut quite well and performed well enough, I suppose its a case of `you get what you pay for`....\n\nOnce It was all glued up in its 3 main pieces I assembled it in position and fitted the slides for the keyboard shelf. ", "At this point I added some pieces of wood underneath to help locating the pieces for installation.", "\n\nI finished it with 3 coats of OSMO polyx satin floor oil. ", "I found this finish to be great, easy to apply and not too smelly. ", "Everything fitted together well, when it was installed I added some little brackets in the corners underneath for stability." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0009012084337882698, 0.0008349546114914119, 0.0008344479720108211, 0.0006819632253609598, 0.0006633331067860126, 0.0010030718985944986, 0.0007787424838170409, 0.0011607242049649358, 0.0009144939249381423, 0.0018895826069638133, 0.0005961909773759544, 0.0005493239150382578, 0.0010851604165509343, 0.000631043454632163, 0.0006371287163347006, 0.0012141678016632795, 0.0017676935531198978, 0.0006359635735861957, 0.0006868636701256037, 0.0005167830968275666, 0.0006466062040999532, 0.042388446629047394, 0.0005565430037677288 ]

[ "CenturyTel of the Gem State\n\nCenturyTel of the Gem State, Inc. is a telephone operating company providing local telephone services in Idaho and northern Nevada owned by CenturyLink.", "\n\nThe company was established in 1901 as the Gem State Utilities Corporation. ", "The company was acquired by Telephone Utilities in 1966 as the first company TU would acquire to expand its footprint.", "\n\nThe state of Nevada approved the company's request to provide telephone service in the state in 1973. ", "The company became CenturyTel of the Gem State, Inc. in 1998.", "\n\nThe company was part of Pacific Telecom until 1997, when it was acquired by Century Telephone. ", "Following this acquisition, Century Telephone launched its rebranding as \"CenturyTel\" and changed the name of the holding company Pacific Telecom to CenturyTel of the Northwest. ", "Gem State Utilities then changed its name to CenturyTel of the Gem State, Inc.\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:CenturyLink\nCategory:Communications in Idaho\nCategory:Communications in Nevada\nCategory:Telecommunications companies of the United States\nCategory:Telecommunications companies established in 1901\nCategory:1901 establishments in Idaho" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0007253667572513223, 0.0005897616501897573, 0.0005990811623632908, 0.0005310888518579304, 0.0006889335927553475, 0.0007448859396390617, 0.0006538006127811968, 0.0005965052987448871 ]

[ "Orientational disorder in Lambda-cobalt(III) sepulchrate trinitrate.", "\nThe crystal structure of Lambda-(1,3,6,8,10,13,16,19-octaazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosane)cobalt(III) trinitrate, [Co(C(12)H(30)N(8))](NO(3))(3), consists of a sepulchrate moiety that serves as a macrobicyclic nitrogen cage for the Co(3+) cation, which is six-coordinated by N atoms, and three nitrate anions. ", "The Co-sepulchrate group lies on a threefold axis (site symmetry 32), as do two symmetry-related and ordered nitrate groups (site symmetry 3), with which it is connected via N-H...O hydrogen bonds [Co-N = 5.1452 (12) A]. ", "The third nitrate group is disordered as a result of symmetry requirements around the origin (site symmetry 32), and is further away from the Co-sepulchrate cage [Co-N = 6.3160 (8) A]. ", "The structure is described by applying orientational disorder over six equivalent orientations for the disordered nitrate group, which is considered as an ideal planar molecule of regular trigonal geometry with its molecular plane rotated out of the ab plane and the molecular centre of gravity slightly shifted away from the origin. ", "This new model for disorder clearly improves a previous crystal structure determination." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.004040715284645557, 0.0008482512203045189, 0.0006603294750675559, 0.0006505079800263047, 0.0006047938368283212, 0.0006274383049458265 ]

[ "Q:\n\nUIButton image right side of centered text\n\nI'm trying to get the image (which is build in IB) on the right side of the text. ", "An idea I found here was to subclass the UIButton and override: \n- (CGRect)imageRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect\n\nand\n- (CGRect)titleRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect` which I did.", "\n\nBut in that example the image is pushed all the way to the right edge of the button. ", "I want it to appear just after my centred text. ", "So, I thought, I could do this if I could get the width of the label with a certain font. ", " \nWhich works perfectly. ", "But. ", "If I do that in the imageRectForContentRect like this:\n- (CGRect)imageRectForContentRect:(CGRect)contentRect\n{\n CGSize textSize = [self.titleLabel.text sizeWithAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName: self.titleLabel.font}];\n}\n\nI get an infinite loop (since calling the self.titleLabel calls imageRectForContent, which calls textSize code and so forth.", "\nSo that would not work. ", "\nIs there another way to easily could get my image on the right side of the text with a button with centred text?", "\nI was trying this approach since I want to support multiple languages and the text of the button could have different lengths.", "\n\nA:\n\n- (void)swapImageText\n{\n self.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(self.transform, -1.0f, 1.0f);\n self.titleLabel.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(self.titleLabel.transform, -1.0f, 1.0f);\n self.imageView.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(self.imageView.transform, -1.0f, 1.0f);\n}\n\nMy category for UIButton. ", "All other code will be violated, if it assumes any UIButton has identity transform.", "\n\nA:\n\nA simple way of acheive this, \nIn IB, Within Attribute Ispector, last options is \"Edge\" \nSelect Image from dropdown of Edge and increase its left value, Now select title and increase its left value in negative.", "\nIt will give you your desired result.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006359905819408596, 0.00127880135551095, 0.0006770874024368823, 0.0006694190669804811, 0.0005819532671011984, 0.0006753918714821339, 0.0010192537447437644, 0.0013285967288538814, 0.002233924577012658, 0.0007598808733746409, 0.0005412217578850687, 0.00639466755092144, 0.000861029839143157, 0.0007801729952916503, 0.0006441655568778515, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "Here's the most recent version of the document formerly known as the PPA:\n\n\n\nKay" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Enron Emails" }

[ 0.0006322498666122556 ]

[ "Intraphylum diversity and complex evolution of cyanobacterial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.", "\nA comparative genomic analysis of 35 cyanobacterial strains has revealed that the gene complement of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) and routes for aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis may differ among the species of this phylum. ", "Several genes encoding AARS paralogues were identified in some genomes. ", "In-depth phylogenetic analysis was done for each of these proteins to gain insight into their evolutionary history. ", "GluRS, HisRS, ArgRS, ThrRS, CysRS, and Glu-Q-RS showed evidence of a complex evolutionary course as indicated by a number of inconsistencies with our reference tree for cyanobacterial phylogeny. ", "In addition to sequence data, support for evolutionary hypotheses involving horizontal gene transfer or gene duplication events was obtained from other observations including biased sequence conservation, the presence of indels (insertions or deletions), or vestigial traces of ancestral redundant genes. ", "We present evidences for a novel protein domain with two putative transmembrane helices recruited independently by distinct AARS in particular cyanobacteria." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0007106162374839187, 0.0006525248172692955, 0.0005640434683300555, 0.000504672119859606, 0.0006782534765079618, 0.0006303095142357051, 0.0006212142761796713 ]

[ "Tag Archives: Mission Accomplished book\n\nThe Institute of Expertology is proud to announce that Tom Engelhardt has made a new article by Institute co-founders Victor Navasky and Christopher Cerf the main feature on his blog, Tomdispatch.com, for May 29, 2008. ", "The article, entitled “McCain (Mis)Speaks: How the Senator Won the War of Words in Iraq (again and again and again…),” features the findings of a new Institute study designed to put (as Engelhardt phrases it) “Senator McCain’s particular brand of expertise in context.” ", "You can read it by clicking here.", "\n\nAs the war in Iraq enters its sixth year, Christopher Cerf and Victor Navasky have published a “definitive, footnoted, hilarious but depressing compilation of experts who were in error” about the war from the beginning. ", "You can read more about the book — “Mission Accomplished! ", "Or How We Won The War In Iraq” — here.", "\n\n“I believe demolishing Hussein’s military power and liberating Iraq would be a cakewalk.” – ", "Kenneth Adelman, member of the Pentagon’s Defense Policy Board, 2/13/02\n\n“Support for Saddam, including within his military organization, will collapse after the first whiff of gunpowder.” – ", "Richard Perle, Chairman of the Pentagon’s Defense Policy Board, 7/11/02\n\n“Desert Storm II would be in a walk in the park… The case for ‘regime change’ boils down to the huge benefits and modest costs of liberating Iraq.” – ", "Kenneth Adelman, member of the Pentagon’s Defense Policy Board, 8/29/02\n\n“Having defeated and then occupied Iraq, democratizing the country should not be too tall an order for the world’s sole superpower.” – ", "William Kristol, Weekly Standard editor, and Lawrence F. Kaplan, New Republic senior editor, 2/24/03\n\nHOW MANY TROOPS WILL BE NEEDED?", "\n\n“I would be surprised if we need anything like the 200,000 figure that is sometimes discussed in the press. ", "A much smaller force, principally special operations forces, but backed up by some regular units, should be sufficient.” – ", "Richard Perle, Chairman of the Pentagon’s Defense Policy Board, 7/11/02\n\n“I don’t believe that anything like a long-term commitment of 150,000 Americans would be necessary.” – ", "Richard Perle, speaking at a conference on “Post-Saddam Iraq” sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute, 10/3/02\n\n“I would say that what’s been mobilized to this point — something on the order of several hundred thousand soldiers are probably, you know, a figure that would be required.” – ", "Gen. Eric Shinseki, testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, 2/25/03\n\n“The idea that it would take several hundred thousand U.S. forces, I think, is far from the mark.” – ", "Donald H. Rumsfeld, U.S. Secretary of Defense, 2/27/03\n\n“I am reasonably certain that they will greet us as liberators, and that will help us keep [troop] requirements down. … ", "We can say with reasonable confidence that the notion of hundreds of thousands of American troops is way off the mark…wildly off the mark.” – ", "Paul Wolfowitz, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, testifying before the House Budget Committee, 2/27/03\n\n“It’s hard to conceive that it would take more forces to provide stability in post-Saddam Iraq than it would take to conduct the war itself and to secure the surrender of Saddam’s security forces and his army. ", "Hard to image.” – ", "Paul Wolfowitz, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, testifying before the House Budget Committee, 2/27/03\n\n“If our commanders on the ground say we need more troops, I will send them. ", "But our commanders tell me they have the number of troops they need to do their job. ", "Sending more Americans would undermine our strategy of encouraging Iraqis to take the lead in this fight. ", "And sending more Americans would suggest that we intend to stay forever, when we are, in fact, working for the day when Iraq can defend itself and we can leave.” – ", "President George W. Bush, 6/28/05\n\n“Oh, no, we’re not going to have any casualties.” – ", "President George W. Bush, response attributed to him by the Reverend Pat Robertson, when Robertson warned the president to prepare the nation for “heavy casualties” in the event of an Iraq war, 3/2003\n\n“Why should we hear about body bags and deaths? ", "Oh, I mean, it’s not relevant. ", "So why should I waste my beautiful mind on something like that?” – ", "Barbara Bush, former First Lady (and the current president’s mother), on Good Morning America, 3/18/03\n\n“I think the level of casualties is secondary… [A]ll the great scholars who have studied American character have come to the conclusion that we are a warlike people and that we love war… What we hate is not casualties but losing.” – ", "Michael Ledeen, American Enterprise Institute, 3/25/03\n\nHOW MUCH WILL IT COST?", "\n\n“Iraq is a very wealthy country. ", "Enormous oil reserves. ", "They can finance, largely finance the reconstruction of their own country. ", "And I have no doubt that they will.” – ", "Richard Perle, Chairman of the Pentagon’s Defense Policy Board, 7/11/02\n\n“The likely economic effects [of the war in Iraq] would be relatively small… Under every plausible scenario, the negative effect will be quite small relative to the economic benefits.” – ", "Lawrence Lindsey, White House Economic Advisor, 9/16/02\n\n“It is unimaginable that the United States would have to contribute hundreds of billions of dollars and highly unlikely that we would have to contribute even tens of billions of dollars.” – ", "Kenneth M. Pollack, former Director for Persian Gulf Affairs, U.S. National Security Council, 9/02\n\n“The costs of any intervention would be very small.” – ", "Glenn Hubbard, White House Economic Advisor, 10/4/02\n\n“When it comes to reconstruction, before we turn to the American taxpayer, we will turn first to the resources of the Iraqi government and the international community.” – ", "Donald H. Rumsfeld, U.S. Secretary of Defense, 3/27/03\n\n“There is a lot of money to pay for this that doesn’t have to be U.S. taxpayer money, and it starts with the assets of the Iraqi people. ", "We are talking about a country that can really finance its own reconstruction and relatively soon.” – ", "Paul Wolfowitz, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, testifying before the Defense Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee, 3/27/03\n\n“The United States is committed to helping Iraq recover from the conflict, but Iraq will not require sustained aid.” – ", "Mitchell Daniels, Director, White House Office of Management and Budget, 4/21/03\n\n“Iraq has tremendous resources that belong to the Iraqi people. ", "And so there are a variety of means that Iraq has to be able to shoulder much of the burden for ther own reconstruction.” – ", "Ari Fleischer, White House Press Secretary, 2/18/03\n\nHOW LONG WILL IT LAST?", "\n\n“Now, it isn’t gong to be over in 24 hours, but it isn’t going to be months either.” – ", "Richard Perle, Chairman of the Pentagon’s Defense Policy Board, 7/11/02\n\n“The idea that it’s going to be a long, long, long battle of some kind I think is belied by the fact of what happened in 1990. ", "Five days or five weeks or five months, but it certainly isn’t going to last any longer than that.” – ", "Donald H. Rumsfeld, U.S. Secretary of Defense, 11/15/02\n\n“I will bet you the best dinner in the gaslight district of San Diego that military action will not last more than a week. ", "Are you willing to take that wager?” – ", "Bill O’Reilly, 1/29/03\n\n“It is unknowable how long that conflict will last. ", "It could be six days, six weeks. ", "I doubt six months.” – ", "Donald H. Rumsfeld, U.S. Secretary of Defense, 2/7/03\n\n“It won’t take weeks… Our military machine will crush Iraq in a matter of days and there’s no question that it will.” – ", "Bill O’Reilly, 2/10/03\n\n“There is zero question that this military campaign…will be reasonably short. … ", "Like World War II for about five days.” – ", "General Barry R. McCaffrey, national security and terrorism analyst for NBC News, 2/18/03\n\n“The Iraq fight itself is probably going to go very, very fast. ", "The shooting should be over within just a very few days from when it starts.” – ", "David Frum, former Bush White House speechwriter, 2/24/03\n\n“Our military superiority is so great — it’s far greater than it was in the Gulf War, and the Gulf War was over in 100 hours after we bombed for 43 days… Now they can bomb for a couple of days and then just roll into Baghdad… The odds are there’s going to be a war and it’s going to be not for very long.” – ", "Former President Bill Clinton, 3/6/03\n\n“I think it will go relatively quickly…weeks rather than months.” – ", "Vice President Dick Cheney, 3/16/03" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.000589354254771024, 0.0006262434180825949, 0.0005712541751563549, 0.000905458175111562, 0.000552377023268491, 0.0010660518892109394, 0.0262245312333107, 0.005841772072017193, 0.0008693674462847412, 0.0009792629862204194, 0.0007321013836190104, 0.0005527083412744105, 0.0005816715420223773, 0.0007083460222929716, 0.0006350931362248957, 0.000614987569861114, 0.0007439382025040686, 0.0008560075657442212, 0.0007393026608042419, 0.0009842142462730408, 0.0007151362951844931, 0.0009827852481976151, 0.01574103906750679, 0.008272122591733932, 0.001399379107169807, 0.0008027921430766582, 0.0008558578556403518, 0.009254983626306057, 0.0015236790059134364, 0.0014569340273737907, 0.002933273557573557, 0.0006830478669144213, 0.0006481502205133438, 0.0010944876121357083, 0.0005994610255584121, 0.0006607905961573124, 0.0006362157873809338, 0.0005866549327038229, 0.0006256247870624065, 0.0006056013517081738, 0.0006006446201354265, 0.0005969088524580002, 0.0008696606964804232, 0.0007711201324127614, 0.0007094118045642972, 0.0006988840759731829, 0.000710587075445801, 0.0007405048236250877, 0.0010109497234225273, 0.0015244539827108383, 0.0006958167068660259, 0.0006823705043643713, 0.004120413679629564, 0.0009749342571012676, 0.00265791779384017, 0.0006961613544262946, 0.0006639275816269219, 0.0025603920221328735, 0.0005770216230303049, 0.011896825395524502 ]

[ "Today's News\n\nREO—Four consecutive missed serves put Cannelton in the hole early in a 25-12, 25-17, 25-17 volleyball loss to South Spencer Tuesday.", "\n“We had a lot of missed serves,” said Cannelton Coach Felicia Myers.", "\nStill the Bulldogs played with the Rebels after their cold start. ", "The second and third games were each tied 17-17 before the Rebels pulled away.", "\nAllicyn Garrett led Cannelton hitters with four kills and Taylor Lawalin made two blocks. ", "Lawalin and Jackie Malone each made 12 sets.", "\n\nFERDINAND—Ashley Gengelbach played strong defense in the front and back rows as Perry Central defeated Forest Park 25-14, 25-14, 25-18 in volleyball Tuesday.", "\nGengelbach led the Commodores in blocks with four and digs with 11. ", "She also made six kills.", "\nSydney Goffinet and Hannah Harpenau each made eight kills, Grace James seven, and Jordan Sprinkle three. ", "James had 17 assists.", "\nSprinkle made three blocks and Goffinet added two.", "\nBrittany Parker made seven digs, Jennifer Kemp six, and Harpenau five.", "\n\nTELL CITY—Tell City senior Anjan Kashyab was elected to the All-PAC boys tennis team Monday for the fourth year in a row.", "\nKashyab is the only Tell City boy to make all-conference in tennis at least three years. ", "Danielle Dauby (1984, ’85 and ’87) and Sarah Spinner (2002-04) are the only Tell City girls to make it three times.", "\nPlaying No. ", "1 singles all four years for the Marksmen, Kashyab went 7-1 in the conference this year and 15-3 overall.", "\n\n“We’re very disappointed,” said Tell City Coach Chris Hollinden. “", "We felt like we had a legitimate chance at giving Forest Park a run for the money. ", "They flat out put it to us early on and we didn’t respond.”" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.006776497233659029, 0.0008465329301543534, 0.0009627338731661439, 0.0009096066351048648, 0.010957570746541023, 0.0006519367452710867, 0.000996026792563498, 0.0023921020328998566, 0.04670023173093796, 0.0016904666554182768, 0.0007460410706698895, 0.0017385556129738688, 0.000736793561372906, 0.0007920959615148604, 0.001290778862312436, 0.00121474324259907, 0.001351808663457632, 0.0006629267591051757, 0.0006314047495834529, 0.0009135155705735087, 0.0007570130401290953 ]

[ "#!", "/bin/bash\n# Copyright 2012 United States Government, as represented by the Secretary of Defense, Under\n# Secretary of Defense (Personnel & Readiness).", "\n# \n# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may not use this file except\n# in compliance with the License. ", "You may obtain a copy of the License at\n# \n# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n# \n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License\n# is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express\n# or implied. ", "See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under\n# the License.", "\n\n###################################################################################################\n# This script installs Virtual World Framework on a Debian (Ubuntu) flavor of Linux.", "\n# This script can be called from a shell prompt using: \n# sudo curl https://raw.github.com/virtual-world-framework/vwf/master/support/build/Scripts/build_debian.sh | bash\n###################################################################################################\n\nset -e\n\n# Install prerequisites on a new Debian system\n# Update the current apt-get library\nsudo apt-get update\n\n# Install Java, Ruby, RubyGems, and Git \nsudo apt-get -y install openjdk-7-jdk rubygems git\nsudo apt-get -y install libxslt-dev libxml2-dev\nsudo apt-get -y install ruby1.9.1 ruby1.9.1-dev rubygems1.9.1 irb1.9.1 ri1.9.1 rdoc1.9.1 build-essential libopenssl-ruby1.9.1 libssl-dev zlib1g-dev\nsudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/ruby ruby /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 400 \\\n --slave /usr/share/man/man1/ruby.1.gz ruby.1.gz \\\n /usr/share/man/man1/ruby1.9.1.1.gz \\\n --slave /usr/bin/ri ri /usr/bin/ri1.9.1 \\\n --slave /usr/bin/irb irb /usr/bin/irb1.9.1 \\\n --slave /usr/bin/rdoc rdoc /usr/bin/rdoc1.9.1\n\t\t\n# Upgrade RubyGems to the latest version and push upgrade to any Ruby Gems on the system\nsudo gem install rubygems-update\nsudo update_rubygems\n\n# Install RubyGem Bundler used by VWF for Gem Management\nsudo gem install bundler\n\n# Download the latest VWF Master Branch Baseline to the local system\nif [ -d \"/var/www/vwf\" ];then\nsudo rm -rf /var/www/vwf\nfi\nsudo git clone http://www.github.com/virtual-world-framework/vwf /var/www/vwf --recursive --branch development\n\n# Download and Install Ruby Gems Referenced by VWF\ncd /var/www/vwf\nsudo bundle install\n\n# Setup correct permissions for build support files\ncd /var/www/vwf/support/build\nsudo chmod 744 -R *\n\n# Execute Build Process\ncd /var/www/vwf\nsudo bundle exec rake \n\n# Download, and Setup Ruby Thin Server Service \n# Ruby Thin is configured to install on port 80 and auto-start on reboot\n# Log file output is located at: /var/www/vwf/log\n\nsudo gem install thin\nsudo thin install\nsudo /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f thin defaults\nsudo bundle exec thin config -C /etc/thin/vwf.yml -c /var/www/vwf -e production -p 80 -R /var/www/vwf/config.ru\nsudo service thin stop\nsudo service thin start\nhostname=`hostname -s`\nsudo echo \"Your System is Now Running at http://$hostname\" \n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.01251957006752491, 0.0005572118097916245, 0.0005785599933005869, 0.0005451444303616881, 0.0005511403433047235, 0.0020326385274529457, 0.00247598672285676 ]

[ "Debbie Dills was running behind Thursday on her way into work at Frady’s Florist in Kings Mountain.", "\n\nIt was God’s way of putting her in the right place at the right time, the Gastonia woman said.", "\n\nDills and her boss, Todd Frady, made the initial calls around 10:35 a.m. that led to the arrest of suspected Charleston church shooter Dylann Roof in Shelby.", "\n\nLater in the story, Dills talks more about her faith:\n\nDills, the minister of music at West Cramerton Baptist Church, said she had been praying for the victims in Charleston since the news broke last night.", "\n\n“I was in church last night myself. ", "I had seen the news coverage before I went to bed and started praying for those families down there,\" she said. \"", "Those people were in their church just trying to learn the word of God and trying to serve. ", "When I saw a picture of that pastor this morning, my heart just sank.\"", "\n\nThe Shelby Star deserves credit for allowing Dills to tell the story in her own words — including the religious angle.", "\n\nFull disclosure: Hamil Harris, the Washington Post writer who produced this story, is a friend and fellow member of the Churches of Christ.", "\n\nSo feel free to accuse me of bias when I say that Harris is tied into the pulse of black churches — particularly those in the Washington, D.C., area — better than any journalist I know.", "\n\nIn this story, Harris taps into those connections:\n\nFrom church leaders to political leaders, the mass shootings at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church pricked the hearts of many in one of oldest and most prominent church denominations in the country.", "\n\n“The AME church has a real strong connective bond across the country,” said Dakarai Aaron, a member of the Board of Stewards at Metropolitan AME church in Washington DC. “", "When one of us hurts all of us hurt.”", "\n\nMetropolitan AME, which is the “National Cathedral Church,” of the AME Denomination, will host a community prayer service to remember the victims of the shooting at noon on Friday.", "\n\n“We are all concerned about this tragedy, but we are also concerned about how we can work together as a beloved community across race denominational lines,” Aaron said.", "\n\nThe massacre of nine African-Americans in Charleston has been classified as a possible hate crime, apparently carried out by a 21-year-old white man who once wore an apartheid badge and other symbols of white supremacy. ", "But many civil rights advocates are asking why the attack has not officially been called terrorism.", "\n\nAgainst the backdrop of rising worries about violent Muslim extremism in the United States, advocates see hypocrisy in the way the attack and the man under arrest in the shooting have been described by law enforcement officials and the news media.", "\n\nAssaults like the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013 and the attack on an anti-Islamic gathering in Garland, Tex., ", "last month have been widely portrayed as acts of terrorism carried out by Islamic extremists. ", "Critics say, however, that assaults against African-Americans and Muslim Americans are rarely if ever called terrorism.", "\n\nMoreover, they argue, assailants who are white are far less likely to be described by the authorities as terrorists.", "\n\n“We have been conditioned to accept that if the violence is committed by a Muslim, then it is terrorism,” Nihad Awad, executive director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, a civil rights advocacy group in Washington, said Thursday in a telephone interview.", "\n\n“If the same violence is committed by a white supremacist or apartheid sympathizer and is not a Muslim, we start to look for excuses — he might be insane, maybe he was pushed too hard,” Mr. Awad said.", "\n\nDetroit — Sadness, anger, frustration, calls for healing and racial unity — and concerns about church security — were expressed Thursday during a local prayer vigil in the wake of the South Carolina shooting in which nine died.", "\n\nCity Councilman Andre Spivey, who also is pastor of St. Paul A.M.E. Church on Detroit's east side, hastily organized the vigil at Bethel A.M.E. It was attended by several ministers and about 50 worshipers who prayed for the victims of Wednesday's shooting at Emanuel AME Church in Charleston.", "\n\nSpivey said he was a longtime friend of one of the victims, the Rev. Clementa Pinckney, church pastor and a South Carolina state senator. ", "Spivey said he \"broke down\" when he heard the news.", "\n\n\"We preached together,\" he said. \"", "Our lives paralleled; we're both 41; we're married with two kids; we're both public servants.", "\n\n\"He was a free spirit — a southern, gentlemanly spirit. ", "All his work is not in vain.\"", "\n\nSpivey was among several people at the vigil who said the shooting was a stark reminder that no place is safe — including church.", "\n\n\"The reality is, things can happen anywhere now,\" he said. \"(", "Church) is a haven of rest and safety ... when you cannot be safe in God's place of worship, where can you be safe?\"", "\n\nThe Charleston shooting ties for the most people killed during a mass murder at a faith-based institution in recent memory, according to Carl Chinn, who runs what is considered to be the most extensive database on violence at houses of worship by searching Google for news. ", "The FBI defines mass murder as four or more killed in a single act, typically at one location.", "\n\n“It’s certainly one of, if not the most, vicious attacks I’ve seen at a faith-based organization,” said Chinn, who described the shooting as the 13th mass murder at a faith-based organization in the country.", "\n\nNine people were killed in 1991 at the Wat Promkunaram temple near Phoenix, the worst mass murder in Arizona history. ", "Johnathan Doody, tried three times for the execution-style murders of nine people at the Buddhist temple, was sentenced in 2014 to 249 years in prison.", "\n\nSome are comparing the Charleston shooting to the bombing at a church in Birmingham in 1963. ", "Four members of the Ku Klux Klan planted dynamite at the 16th Street Baptist Church, killing four girls and 22 others. ", "Chinn describes that bombing as the first mass murder at a faith-based organization in U.S. history." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.001560034230351448, 0.0012948901858180761, 0.0008969106711447239, 0.0005821224767714739, 0.001462761778384447, 0.0006890643271617591, 0.0010237747337669134, 0.0005379095091484487, 0.0007818141020834446, 0.0006045958725735545, 0.0016999809304252267, 0.0005683315685018897, 0.0005903696292079985, 0.10163938999176025, 0.0007327141356654465, 0.0005996647523716092, 0.007890021428465843, 0.0006505117053166032, 0.0033952677622437477, 0.0007311702356673777, 0.00989722739905119, 0.004826557356864214, 0.1359570175409317, 0.0007100242073647678, 0.07814657688140869, 0.0011905132560059428, 0.0007124748080968857, 0.0007219930412247777, 0.0011176351690664887, 0.0006087683141231537, 0.0008259958704002202, 0.0007854694267734885, 0.0008388902060687542, 0.001962419832125306, 0.000656199234072119, 0.0011846551205962896, 0.0006547690136358142, 0.0019219027599319816, 0.0012137162266299129, 0.0052797733806073666, 0.0026530707255005836, 0.0006536096334457397, 0.14063045382499695, 0.0021279440261423588 ]

[ "---\nabstract: 'A metric representing a slowly rotating object with quadrupole moment is obtained using a perturbation method to include rotation into the weak limit of the Erez-Rosen metric. ", "This metric is intended to tackle relativistic astrometry and gravitational lensing problems in which a quadrupole moment has to be taken into account.'", "\nauthor:\n- |\n Francisco Frutos-Alfaro\\\n Edwin Retana-Montenegro\\\n Iván Cordero-García,\\\n Javier Bonatti-González\\\n [School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro 11501, Costa Rica]{}\\\n [frutos@fisica.ucr.ac.cr]{}\ntitle: 'Metric of a Slow Rotating Body with Quadrupole Moment from the Erez-Rosen Metric'\n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nThe first quadrupole solution to the Einstein field equations (EFE) was found by Erez & Rosen (1959) [@Erez-Rosen]. ", "Some errors were found in this derivation. ", "These were later corrected by Doroshkevich [*[et al]{}*]{}. [", "@Doroshkevich1966], Winicour [*[et al]{}*]{}. (", "1968) [@Winicor1968] and Young & Coulter (1969) [@Young1969]. ", "Other multipole solutions to the EFE were obtained by Quevedo (1986) [@Quevedo1986], Quevedo (1989) [@Quevedo1989], Quevedo & Mashhoon [@Quevedo1991], and Castejón [*[et al]{}*]{}. (", "1990) [@Castejon-Amenedo1990]. ", "In the three first articles, the solutions were obtained with the help of the Hoenselaers-Kinnersley-Xanthopoulos (HKX) transformations [@Hoenselaers1979], while in the latter, they used the Ernst formalism [@Ernst1968]. ", "These authors obtain new metrics from a given seed metric. ", "One can include other desirable characteristics (rotation, multipole moments, etc.) ", "to these seed metrics by means of these formalisms. ", "Recently, Boshkayev [*[et al]{}*]{}. (", "2012) [@Boshkayev] obtained an approximate solution describing the interior and exterior gravitational field of a slowly rotating and slightly deformed object.", "\n\nThe aim of this article is to derive an appropriate analytical tractable metric for calculations in astrometry and gravitational lens theory including the quadrupole moment and rotation in a natural form. ", "For this new rotating metric, is not necessary a multipolar expansion in the potential to include the multipolar terms because the seed metric has already a quadrupole term, that is this metric is multipolar intrinsically.", "\n\nThis paper is organized as follows. ", "In section \\[sec:02\\], we get the weak limit of the Erez-Rosen metric. ", "The Lewis metric is presented in section \\[sec:03\\]. ", "The perturbation method is discussed in section \\[sec:04\\]. ", "The application of this method leads to a new solution to the EFE with quadrupole moment and rotation. ", "It is checked by means of the REDUCE software [@Hearn1999] that the resulting metric is solution of the EFE. ", "In section \\[sec:05\\], we compare our solution with the exterior Hartle-Thorne metric [@Hartle1968] in order to assure that our metric has astrophysical meaning. ", "In section \\[sec:06\\], we transform the obtained metric using Cartesian coordinates. ", "Forthcoming works with this metric are discussed in section \\[sec:07\\].", "\n\nWeak Limit of the Erez-Rosen Metric \\[sec:02\\]\n==============================================\n\nThe Erez-Rosen metric [@Carmeli; @Winicor1968; @Young1969; @Zeldovich] represents a body with quadrupole moment. ", "The principal axis of the quadrupole moment is chosen along the spin axis, so that gravitational radiation can be ignored. ", "This metric is given by\n\n$$\\label{erezros}\n{d} s^{2} = {\\rm e}^{2\\psi} {d} t^{2} \n- {\\rm e}^{2(\\gamma-\\psi)} {\\tilde{\\Delta}} \\left(\\frac{{d} r^2}{r^{2}-2 M r}\n+ {d} \\theta^{2} \\right) \n- {\\rm e}^{-2\\psi} (r^{2}-2 M r) \\sin^{2}{\\theta} {d} \\phi^{2} ,$$\n\nwhere $ M $ is the mass of the object and\n\n$$\\label{delta}\n{\\tilde{\\Delta}} = r^{2}-2 M r + M^{2} \\sin^{2}{\\theta} ,$$\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{psigam}\n\\psi & = & \\frac{1}{2} \n\\left\\{\\left(1 + \\frac{q}{4} (3 \\lambda^2 - 1)(3 \\mu^2 - 1) \\right) \n\\ln{\\left[\\frac{\\lambda - 1}{\\lambda + 1}\\right]} \\right. ", "\\nonumber \\\\\n& + & \\left. ", "\\frac{3}{2} q \\lambda (3 \\mu^2 - 1) \\right\\} , \\nonumber \\\\\n\\gamma & = & \\frac{1}{2} (1+q)^2 \n\\ln{\\left[\\frac{\\lambda^2 - 1}{\\lambda^2 - \\mu^2}\\right]} \\\\\n& - & \\frac{3}{2} q (1 - \\mu^2) \\left[\\lambda \n\\ln{\\left[\\frac{\\lambda - 1}{\\lambda + 1}\\right]} + 2 \\right] \\nonumber \\\\\n& + & \\frac{9}{4} q^2 (1 - \\mu^2) \\left[\\frac{1}{16} ({\\lambda^2 - 1}) \n(\\lambda^2 + \\mu^2 - 9 \\lambda^2 \\mu^2 - 1) \n\\ln^2{\\left[\\frac{\\lambda - 1}{\\lambda + 1}\\right]} \\right. ", "\\nonumber \\\\\n& + & \\left. ", "\\frac{\\lambda}{4} \\left(\\lambda^2 + 7 \\mu^2 - 9 \\lambda^2 \\mu^2 \n- \\frac{5}{3} \\right) \\ln{\\left[\\frac{\\lambda - 1}{\\lambda + 1}\\right]} \n\\right. ", "\\nonumber \\\\\n& + & \\left. ", "\\frac{\\lambda^2}{4} (1 - 9 \\mu^2) \n+ \\left(\\mu^2 - \\frac{1}{3}\\right) \\right] . ", "\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$\n\nwith $ \\lambda = r / M - 1 $ and $ \\mu= \\cos{\\theta} $. ", "From now on, we will keep in the derivations terms up to order $ M^{2} $ and $ q M^{3} $. ", "The approximate forms of $ \\psi $ and $ \\gamma $ are\n\n$$\\label{psi10}\n\\psi=\\frac{1}{2}\\ln{\\left(1-\\frac{2M}{r}\\right)}\n-\\frac{2}{15} q \\frac{M^{3}}{r^{3}} P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta}) \n+ O(M^3, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2),$$\n\n$$\\label{gamma10}\n\\gamma=\\frac{1}{2}\\ln{\\left(\\frac{r^{2}-2 M r}{\\Delta}\\right)}\n+ O(M^3, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) ,$$\n\nwhere $ q=15 G Q / (2 c^{2} M^{3}) $ with $ Q $ representing the quadrupole moment, and $ P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta}) = (3\\cos^{2}{\\theta} - 1)/2 $ is the second Legendre polynomial.", "\n\nDefining the following variables\n\n$$\\label{calc}\n{\\cal C}:={\\rm e}^{-\\chi}\n\\simeq 1-\\frac{2}{15} q \\frac{M^{3}}{r^{3}} P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta}) \n+ O(M^3, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) ,$$\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{psi21}\n{\\cal F} & := & {\\rm e}^{2\\psi} =\\left({1-\\frac{2M}{r}}\\right){\\rm e}^{- 2 \\chi} \\\\\n& \\simeq & {1-\\frac{2M}{r}} \n- \\frac{4}{15} q \\frac{M^{3}}{r^{3}} P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta})\n+ O(M^3, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) , \\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$\n\nand\n\n$$\\label{gamma2}\n{\\cal G}:={\\rm e}^{2\\gamma} \\simeq {\\frac{r^{2}-2 M r}{\\Delta}}\n+ O(M^3, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) .$$\n\nwhere\n\n$$\\label{chi}\n\\chi = \\frac{2}{15} q \\frac{M^{3}}{r^{3}} P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta}) .$$\n\nIf we substitute the former definitions into , the metric takes the form\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{aperezros}\n{d} s^{2} & = & {\\cal F} {d} t^{2} - \\frac{1}{{\\cal F}}\\left[{d} r^{2}\n+ r^{2} \\left(1-\\frac{2M}{r}\\right) {d} \\Sigma^{2}\\right] \\nonumber \\\\\n& = & {\\cal F} {d} t^{2} - \\frac{{d} r^{2}}{{\\cal F}} \n- {r^{2}}{\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} {d} \\Sigma^{2} , \\end{aligned}$$\n\nwhere $ d\\Sigma^{2} = d \\theta^{2}+\\sin^{2}{\\theta}d\\phi^{2} $, and the inverse of $ {\\cal F} $ is written as\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{psi22}\n\\frac{1}{{\\cal F}} & = & \\left({1-\\frac{2M}{r}}\\right)^{-1} {\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} \\\\\n& \\simeq & {1+\\frac{2M}{r}+\\frac{4M^{2}}{r^{2}}}\n+\\frac{4}{15} q \\frac{M^{3}}{r^{3}}P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta}) \n+ O(M^3, \\, q M^2, \\, q^2) . ", "\n\\nonumber \\end{aligned}$$\n\nIt is interesting to note that the spherical symmetry is not presented in the weak limit.", "\n\nThe Lewis Metrics \\[sec:03\\]\n============================\n\nThe Lewis metric is given by [@Lewis; @Carmeli]\n\n$$\\label{lewis} \n{d}{s}^2 = V d t^2 - 2 W d t d \\phi \n- {\\rm e}^{\\mu} d \\rho^2 - {\\rm e}^{\\nu} d z^2 - Z d \\phi^2$$\n\nwhere we have chosen the canonical coordinates $ x^{1} = \\rho $ and $ x^{2} = z $, $ V, \\, W, \\, Z $, $ \\mu $ and $ \\nu $ are functions of $ \\rho $ and $ z $ ($ \\rho^2 = V Z + W^2 $). ", "Choosing $ \\mu = \\nu $ and performing the following changes of potentials\n\n$$V = f , \\quad W = \\omega f , \\quad Z = \\frac{\\rho^2}{f} - \\omega^2 f \n\\quad {\\rm and} \\quad {\\rm e}^{\\mu} = \\frac{{\\rm e}^{\\gamma}}{f} ,$$\n\nwe get the Papapetrou metric\n\n$$\\label{papapetrou} \n{d}{s}^2 = f (d t - 2 \\omega d \\phi)^2 \n- \\frac{{\\rm e}^{\\gamma}}{f} [d \\rho^2 + d z^2] - \\frac{\\rho^2}{f} d \\phi^2 .$$\n\nPerturbing the Erez-Rosen Metric \\[sec:04\\]\n===========================================\n\nTo include slow rotation into the Erez-Rosen metric we use the Lewis-Papapetrou metric (\\[papapetrou\\]). ", "First of all, we choose expressions for the canonical coordinates $ \\rho $ and $ z $. ", "For the Kerr metric [@Kerr63], one particular choice is [@Carmeli; @Chandrasekhar]\n\n$$\\label{chandra} \n\\rho = \\sqrt{\\Delta} \\sin{\\theta} \\qquad {\\rm and} \\qquad \nz = (r - M) \\cos{\\theta}$$\n\nwhere $ \\Delta = r^2 - 2 M r + a^2 \\simeq r^2 - 2 M r = r^2 {\\cal F} e^{2 \\chi} $.", "\n\nFrom (\\[chandra\\]) we get\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{cylindric}\nd \\rho^2 + d z^2 & = &\n[ {(r - M)^2} \\sin^2{\\theta} + \\Delta \\cos^2{\\theta} ] \n\\left( \\frac{d r^2}{\\Delta} + d {\\theta}^2 \\right) \\\\\n& \\simeq & \\left(1 + \\frac{M^2}{r^2} \\sin^2{\\theta} \\right) d r^2\n+ r^2 \\left(1 - \\frac{2 M}{r} + \\frac{M^2}{r^2} \\sin^2{\\theta} \\right) \nd {\\theta}^2 \\nonumber \\end{aligned}$$\n\nwhere we have expanded up to $ M^2 $ order.", "\n\nNow, let us choose $ V = f = {\\cal F} $ and neglect the second order in $ \\omega $ ($ \\omega^2 \\simeq 0 \\Rightarrow W^2 \\simeq 0 $). ", "Then, we have\n\n$$Z \\simeq \\frac{\\rho^2}{f} = {r^2}{\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} \\sin^{2}{\\theta} .$$\n\nIf we choose\n\n$${{\\rm e}^{\\mu}} = \\frac{r^2 {\\rm e}^{2 \\chi}}{{(r - M)^2} \\sin^2{\\theta} \n+ \\Delta \\cos^2{\\theta}} ,$$\n\nthe term (\\[cylindric\\]) becomes\n\n$${\\rm e}^{\\mu} [d \\rho^2 + d z^2] = \\frac{{d} r^{2}}{{\\cal F}} \n+ {r^{2}}{\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} {d} {\\theta}^{2} .$$\n\nThis term appears in the approximate Erez-Rosen metric (\\[aperezros\\]).", "\n\nFrom (\\[papapetrou\\]), let us propose the following metric\n\n$$\\label{lewis2} \n{d}{s}^2 = V d t^2 - 2 W d t d \\phi - X {{d} r^{2}} \n- Y {d} \\theta^{2} - Z {d} \\phi^{2} ,$$\n\nwhere $ X = 1 / V $, $ Y = {r^{2}}{\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} $, and $ Z = {r^{2}}{\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} \\sin^{2}{\\theta} $,\n\nWe see that to obtain a slowly rotating version of the metric (\\[aperezros\\]) the only potential we have to find is $ W $. ", "Then, the EFE must be solved:\n\n$$\\label{einstein} \nG_{i j} = R_{i j} - \\frac{R}{2} g_{i j} = 0$$\n\nwhere $ R_{i j} $ ($ i, \\, j = 0, \\, 1,\\, 2, \\, 3 $) are the Ricci tensor components and $ R $ is the curvature scalar.", "\n\nFortunately, the Ricci tensor components $ R_{0 0}, \\, R_{1 1}, \\, R_{1 2}, \\, R_{2 2}, \\, R_{2 3}, \\, R_{3 3} $ and the curvature scalar $ R $ depend upon the potentials $ V, \\, X, \\, Y, \\, Z $ and not on $ W $. ", "Therefore, these components vanish (see appendix). ", "The only remaining equation we have to solve is $ R_{0 3} = 0 $, because it depends upon $ W $. ", "The equation for this component up to the order $ O(M^3, \\, a^2, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) $ is\n\n$$\\label{eqdif} \n2 (1 - P_{2} (\\cos{\\theta})) \\left[\\frac{\\partial^2 W}{\\partial \\theta^2} \n+ r^2 \\frac{\\partial^2 W}{\\partial r^2} \\right] \n- 3 \\cos{\\theta} \\sin{\\theta} \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial \\theta} = 0 .$$\n\nThe solution for this equation is\n\n$$\\label{soleqdif}\nW = \\frac{\\cal K}{r} \\sin^{2}{\\theta} .$$\n\nwhere $ {\\cal K} $ is a constant that we have to find. ", "This constant can be found from the Lense-Thirring metric which can be obtained from the Kerr metric, [*i.e.*]{}\n\n$$\\label{lense-thirring}\n{d} s^{2}= \\left(1 - \\frac{2 M}{r} \\right) {d} t^{2} \n+ \\frac{4 J}{r}\\sin^{2}{\\theta}{d} t {d}\\phi\n- {\\left(1 - \\frac{2 M}{r} \\right)^{- 1}} {{d} r^{2}} - {r^{2}}{d} \\Sigma^{2} ,$$\n\nwhere $ J = M a $ is the angular momentum and $ a $ is the rotation parameter.", "\n\nComparing the second term of the latter metric with the corresponding of the metric (\\[lewis2\\]), [*i.e.*]{} $ W $, we note that $ {\\cal K} = - 2 J = - 2 M a $.", "\n\nThen, the new rotating metric with quadrupole moment written in standard form [@Weinberg1972] in spherical coordinates is\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{newerezros}\n{d} s^{2} & = & \\left({1-\\frac{2M}{r}}\\right) {\\rm e}^{-2 \\chi} {d} t^{2} \n+ \\frac{4 J}{r}\\sin^{2}{\\theta}{d} t {d}\\phi\n- \\left({1-\\frac{2M}{r}}\\right)^{-1} {\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} {{d} r^{2}} \\nonumber \\\\\n& - & {r^{2}}{\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} ({d} {\\theta}^{2} + \\sin^2{\\theta} {d} {\\phi}^{2}) . ", "\\end{aligned}$$\n\nWe verified that the metric is indeed a solution of the EFE using REDUCE [@Hearn1999] up to the order $ O(a^2, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) $. ", "Hence, one does not need to expand the term $ ({1-{2M}/{r}})^{-1} $ in a Taylor series.", "\n\nComparison with the Exterior Hartle-Thorne Metric \\[sec:05\\]\n============================================================\n\nIn order to establish whether our metric does really represent the gravitational field of an astrophysical object, one should show that it is possible to construct an interior solution, which can appropriately be matched with the exterior solution. ", "For this purpose, we employ the exterior Hartle-Thorne metric [@Hartle1968; @Berti], which is given by\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{hartle}\nd s^2 & = & \n\\left(1 - \\frac{2 {\\cal M}}{r} \n+ \\frac{2 {\\cal Q} {\\cal M}^3}{r^3} P_2(\\cos{\\theta}) \\right) d t^2 \\nonumber \\\\\n& - & \\left(1 + \\frac{2 {\\cal M}}{r} + \\frac{4 {\\cal M}^2}{r^2} \n- \\frac{2 {\\cal Q} {\\cal M}^3 }{r^3} P_2(\\cos{\\theta}) \\right) d r^2 \\\\\n& - & r^2 \\left(1 - \\frac{2 {\\cal Q} {\\cal M}^3}{r^3} P_2(\\cos{\\theta}) \\right) \nd \\Sigma^2 + \\frac{4 {\\cal J}}{r} \\sin^2{\\theta} d t d \\phi , \n\\nonumber \\end{aligned}$$\n\nwhere $ {\\cal M} $, $ {\\cal J} $, and $ {\\cal Q} $ are related with the total mass, angular momentum, and mass quadrupole moment of the rotating object, respectively.", "\n\nNow, comparing the exterior Hartle-Thorne metric with our expression (\\[newerezros\\]), it can easily be seen that upon defining\n\n$$\\label{definitions}\n{\\cal M} = M, \\qquad {\\cal J} = J, \\qquad \n2 {\\cal Q} {\\cal M}^3 = - \\frac{4}{15} q {M^3} ,$$\n\nboth metrics coincide up to the order $ O(M^3, \\, a^2, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) $. ", "Our approximate expression for the Hartle-Thorne metric (\\[hartle\\]) was obtained by means of a REDUCE program using the expressions from Abramowicz [*et al.*]{} [", "@Abramowicz]. ", "We compared these results with the approximate expression given by Boshkayev [*et al.*]{} [", "@Boshkayev] and found that they have an extra term of order $ O (q M^4) $, which we neglected, because it is beyond the order we are working with. ", "Additional differences are that our metric parameters ($ M, \\, J = M a, \\, q M^3 $) are distinct and our expressions (\\[definitions\\]) are simpler than those of Boshkayev [*et al.*]{} [", "@Boshkayev].", "\n\nThe Transformation of the Metric \\[sec:06\\]\n===========================================\n\nIn some cases, the metric has to be transform from spherical $(r, \\, \\theta, \\, \\phi)$ into Cartesian coordinates $(x, \\, y, \\, z)$. For example, if a comparison with a post-Newtonian (PN) metric is made, we have to transform the metric by using one of the following radial coordinates transformation: the harmonic or the isotropic coordinates of Schwarzschild metric. ", "The first one is $r={\\bar{r}}+M$, and the second one is $r={\\bar{r}}(1+{M}/{2{\\bar{r}}})^{2}$, where ${\\bar{r}}$ is a new radial coordinate [@Weinberg1972]. ", "We choose the first one, then the metric is transformed into\n\n$$\\label{newerezros2}\n{d} s^{2} = {\\cal H}{d} t^{2} + \\frac{4J}{\\bar{r}}\\sin^{2}{\\theta}{d} t {d} \\phi\n- \\frac{{d} {\\bar{r}}^{2}}{{\\cal H}} - {{\\bar{r}}^{2}}{\\rm e}^{2 \\chi}\n\\left(1+\\frac{M}{\\bar{r}}\\right)^2 {d} \\Sigma^{2} ,$$\n\nwhere\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{calh1}\n{\\cal H} & = & \\left(\\frac{{1-\\frac{M}{\\bar{r}}}}{{1+\\frac{M}{\\bar{r}}}}\\right)\n{\\rm e}^{- 2 \\chi} \\\\ \n& \\simeq & {1-\\frac{2M}{\\bar{r}}+\\frac{2M^{2}}{{\\bar{r}}^{2}}} \n-\\frac{4}{15} q \\frac{M^{3}}{{\\bar{r}}^{3}} P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta})\n+ O (M^3, \\, a^2, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) , \\nonumber \\end{aligned}$$\n\nand\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{calh2}\n\\frac{1}{{\\cal H}} & = & \\left(\\frac{{1+\\frac{M}{\\bar{r}}}}\n{{1-\\frac{M}{\\bar{r}}}}\\right) {\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} \\\\ \n& \\simeq & {1+\\frac{2M}{\\bar{r}}+\\frac{2M^{2}}{{\\bar{r}}^{2}}} \n+\\frac{4}{15} q \\frac{M^{3}}{{\\bar{r}}^{3}} P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta})\n+ O(M^3, \\, a^2, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) . ", "\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$\n\nNoting that $ {\\cal C} = {\\rm e}^{\\chi} $ is still given by with $ r $ changed by $ {\\bar{r}} $. ", "Now, dropping the bar on $ r $, we transform the metric into the Cartesian coordinates which are given by the usual relations\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nx & = & r \\sin{\\theta}\\cos{\\phi} , \\nonumber \\\\\ny & = & r \\sin{\\theta}\\sin{\\phi} , \\nonumber \\\\\nz & = & r \\cos{\\theta}.\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe resulting metric has the following form\n\n$$\\label{newerezros3}\n{d} s^{2}={\\cal H}{d} t^{2} + \\frac{4J}{r^{3}} {d} t (x {d} y-y {d} x)\n-\\frac{\\cal P}{r^{2}} ({\\bf x} \\cdot {d}{\\bf x})^{2}\n- \\left(1+\\frac{M}{r}\\right)^2 {\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} {d}{\\bf x}^{2} ,$$\n\nwhere\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{var}\n{\\cal P} &=& \\frac{1}{{\\cal H}}\n- \\left(1+\\frac{M}{r}\\right)^2 {\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} \\\\ \n& \\simeq & \\frac{M^2}{r^2} + O(M^3, \\, a^2, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) . ", "\\nonumber\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe former metric can be generalized as follows\n\n$$\\label{newerezros4}\n{d} s^{2}={\\cal H}{d} t^{2} + 8 {\\bf V} \\cdot {d}{\\bf x}{d} t \n-\\frac{\\cal P}{r^{2}}({\\bf x} \\cdot {d}{\\bf x})^{2} \n- \\left(1+\\frac{M}{r}\\right)^2 {\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} {d}{\\bf x}^{2} ,$$\n\nwhere\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n\\label{var2}\n\\left(1+\\frac{M}{r}\\right)^2 {\\rm e}^{2 \\chi} & \\simeq & 1+\\frac{2 M}{r}\n+\\frac{M^2}{r^2}\n+ \\frac{4}{15} q \\frac{M^{3}}{{\\bar{r}}^{3}} P_{2}(\\cos{\\theta}) \\nonumber \\\\ \n& + & O(M^3, \\, a^2, \\, q M^4, \\, q^2) , \\end{aligned}$$\n\nand the vector ${\\bf V}$ is defined as\n\n$$\\label{vectorv}\n{\\bf V}=\\frac{G}{2c^{3}r^{3}}\\left[{\\bf J}\\times{\\bf x}\\right] ,$$\n\nwith ${\\bf J}=J {\\hat{{\\bf e}}_{J}}$ (${\\hat{{\\bf e}}_{J}}$ an unit vector in the direction of ${\\bf J}$. The expressions for ${\\cal H}$ and ${\\cal H}^{-1}$ are valid changing ${\\bar{r}}$ by $r$ in eqs. ", "and .", "\n\nConclusion \\[sec:07\\]\n=====================\n\nIn this paper, we include the rotational effect using the weak limit of the Erez-Rosen metric as seed metric into the Lewis-Papapetrou metric. ", "Thus, a new metric with quadrupole moment and rotation in the weak limit is obtained. ", "Generally speaking, the quadrupole moment is included in the metric, for instance, in gravitational lensing, through the expansion of the gravitational potential in a power series [@Asada2005]. ", "The resulting metric from our calculations includes the quadrupole moment in a natural form and is similar to the exterior metric obtained by Boshkayev [*[et al]{}*]{}. [", "@Boshkayev].", "\n\nAs we have seen in section \\[sec:04\\], our new metric agrees with the Hartle-Thorne solution [@Hartle1968], whom obtained an interior metric that appropriately matches their exterior one, which guarantees the construction of an interior solution for our spacetime. ", "This result indicates that our metric may be used to represent a compact astrophysical object.", "\n\nThe new metric has many applications. ", "For example, in calculations involving relativistic astrometry, in gravitational lens theory or planetary perihelion shift, it is useful to have a metric that include rotation and quadrupole moment. ", "In relativistic astrometry, one needs a post-Newtonian metric to get after some approximations the deflection angle. ", "It allows to get expressions for the right ascension $ \\alpha $ and declination $ \\delta $ for a celestial body [@Soffel1989; @Soffel1985] in the gravitational field including rotation and quadrupole moment. ", "In gravitational lens theory, the deflection angle [@Paez1994; @Asada2003] can be used to obtain the lens equation, thereby the lensing properties for this new metric with intrinsic gravitational quadrupole may be studied. ", "Another application of this metric is to calculate the planetary perihelion shift [@Yamada2012]. ", "These applications will be the aim of forthcoming works.", "\n\nAppendix\n========\n\nThe Ricci tensor components are\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nR_{0 0} & = & \\frac{1}{4 \\rho^2 Y^2 Z^2} \\left\\{\nV Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \n+ V Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \n+ 2 \\rho^2 Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial^2 V}{\\partial \\theta^2} \\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "X Y Z^2 \\left[\\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\right]^2 \n- \\rho^2 Z^2 \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n+ \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \n+ 2 \\rho^2 Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial^2 V}{\\partial r^2} \\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "X Y^2 Z \\left[\\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\right]^2 \n+ \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \n- \\rho^2 Y^2 \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r}\n\\right\\}\\end{aligned}$$\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nR_{0 1} & = & R_{1 0} = 0 \\\\\nR_{0 2} & = & R_{2 0} = 0 \\\\\nR_{0 3} & = & R_{3 0} = \\frac{1}{4 \\rho^2 Y^2 Z^2} \\left\\{ \n- 2 W Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \n+ V Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial \\theta} \\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "\n2 W Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \n+ V Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial r} \n+ X Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\right. \\\\", "\n& + & \\left. ", "\nX Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial r} \n- 2 \\rho^2 Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial^2 W}{\\partial \\theta^2} \n+ \\rho^2 Z^2 \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "\\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \n- 2 \\rho^2 Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial^2 W}{\\partial r^2} \n- \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r}\n\\right. \\\\ ", "\n& + & \\left. ", "\n\\rho^2 Y^2 \\frac{\\partial W}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \\right\\}\n\\\\\nR_{1 1} & = & \\frac{1}{4 \\rho^4 Y^2 Z} \\left\\{ \n- \\rho^2 V Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \n- 2 \\rho^2 V Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial^2 X}{\\partial r^2} \n- V^2 Y^2 Z \\left[\\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\right]^2 \\right. \\\\ ", " \n& - & \\left. ", "\n4 \\rho^2 Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \n+ \\rho^2 V Y^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \n- \\rho^2 X Y Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "2 \\rho^2 X Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial^2 V}{\\partial r^2} \n- X^2 Y^2 Z \\left[\\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\right]^2 \n+ \\rho^2 X Y^2 \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \n+ \\rho^4 Z \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \\right. \\\\ ", "\n& - & \\left. ", "2 \\rho^4 Y Z \\frac{\\partial^2 Y}{\\partial r^2} \n+ \\rho^4 Z \\left[\\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \\right]^2 \n+ \\rho^4 Y \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \n- 2 \\rho^4 Y Z \\frac{\\partial^2 Z}{\\partial \\theta^2} \\right. \\\\ ", " \n& + & \\left. ", "\n\\rho^4 Y \\left[\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \\right]^2 \\right\\} \\\\\nR_{1 2} & = & R_{2 1} = \\frac{1}{4 \\rho^4 Y Z} \\left\\{ \n- 2 \\rho^2 V Y Z \\frac{\\partial^2 X}{\\partial \\theta \\partial r}\n- V^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \n- 2 \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \n\\right. \\\\", "\n& + & \\left. ", "\n\\rho^2 V Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \n- 2 \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \n+ \\rho^2 V Y \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \n- 2 \\rho^2 X Y Z \\frac{\\partial^2 V}{\\partial \\theta \\partial r} \\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "\nX^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \n+ \\rho^2 X Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \n+ \\rho^2 X Y \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\right\\} \\\\\nR_{1 3} & = & R_{3 1} = 0\\end{aligned}$$\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nR_{2 2} & = & \\frac{1}{4 \\rho^4 Y Z^2} \\left\\{ \n- 2 \\rho^2 V Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial^2 X}{\\partial \\theta^2} \n- V^2 Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta}^2 \n- 4 \\rho^2 Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\right. \\\\", "\n& + & \\left. ", "\\rho^2 V Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n- \\rho^2 V Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \n- 2 \\rho^2 X Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial^2 V}{\\partial \\theta^2} \\right. \\\\ ", "\n& - & \\left. ", "X^2 Y Z^2 \\left[\\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\right]^2 \n+ \\rho^2 X Z^2 \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n- \\rho^2 X Y Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r}\n\\right. \\\\ ", " \n& + & \\left. ", "\\rho^4 Z \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \n- 2 \\rho^4 Y Z \\frac{\\partial^2 Y}{\\partial r^2} \n+ \\rho^4 Z \\left[\\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \\right]^2 \n+ \\rho^4 Y \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \n\\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "2 \\rho^4 Y Z \\frac{\\partial^2 Z}{\\partial \\theta^2} \n+ \\rho^4 Y \\left[\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \\right]^2 \\right\\} \\\\\nR_{2 3} & = & R_{3 2} = 0 \\\\\nR_{3 3} & = & \\frac{1}{4 \\rho^2 Y^2 Z^2} \\left\\{ \n- 2 \\rho^2 Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial^2 X}{\\partial \\theta^2} \n+ V Y Z^2 \\left[\\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \\right]^2 \n- X Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\right. \\\\", "\n& + & \\left. ", "\\rho^2 Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n- \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \n- 2 \\rho^2 Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial^2 X}{\\partial r^2} \n+ V Y^2 Z \\left[\\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\right]^2 \\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "\nX Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \n- \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \n+ \\rho^2 Y^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \\right\\}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe scalar curvature is\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nR & = & \\frac{1}{2 \\rho^2 Y^2 Z^2} \\left\\{\n2 V Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial^2 X}{\\partial \\theta^2} \n+ 3 Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \n- V Z^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\right. \\\\", "\n& + & \\left. ", "\nV Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \n+ 2 V Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial^2 X}{\\partial r^2} \n+ 3 Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \n+ V Y Z \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \\right. \\\\ ", "\n& - & \\left. ", "V Y^2 \\frac{\\partial X}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \n+ 2 X Y Z^2 \\frac{\\partial^2 V}{\\partial \\theta^2} \n- X Z^2 \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n+ X Y Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial \\theta} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta}\n\\right. \\\\ ", "\n& + & \\left. ", "2 X Y^2 Z \\frac{\\partial^2 V}{\\partial r^2} \n+ X Y Z \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \n- X Y^2 \\frac{\\partial V}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \n- \\rho^2 Z \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial \\theta} \n\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \\right. \\\\", "\n& + & \\left. ", "2 \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial^2 Y}{\\partial r^2} \n- \\rho^2 Z \\left[\\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \\right]^2 \n- \\rho^2 Y \\frac{\\partial Y}{\\partial r} \\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial r} \n+ 2 \\rho^2 Y Z \\frac{\\partial^2 Z}{\\partial \\theta^2} \\right. \\\\", "\n& - & \\left. ", "\n\\rho^2 Y \\left[\\frac{\\partial Z}{\\partial \\theta} \\right]^2 \\right\\}\\end{aligned}$$\n\n[99]{}\n\nAbramowicz, M. A., Almergren, G. J. E., Kluźniak, W. & Thampan, A. V. 2003. ", "Circular geodesics in the Hartle-Thorne metric. ", "ArXiv (gr-qc/0312070).", "\n\nAsada, H., Kasai, M. & Yamamoto, T. 2003 Separability of rotational effects on a gravitational lens. , [**", "67**]{}, 043006 (5 pages).", "\n\nAsada, H. 2005 Effects of a deformation of a star on the gravitational lensing. , [**", "356**]{}, 1249–1255.", "\n\nBerti, E., White, F., Maniopoulou, A. & Bruni, M. 2005 Rotating neutron stars: an invariant comparison of approximate and numerical spacetime models. , [**", "358**]{}, 923–938.", "\n\nBoshkayev, K., Quevedo, H. & Ruffini, R. 2012 Gravitational field of compact objects in general relativity. , [**", "86**]{}, 064043 (13 pages).", "\n\nCarmeli, M. 2001 . ", "World Scientific Publishing.", "\n\nCastejon-Amenedo, J. & Manko, V. S. 1990 Superposition of the Kerr metric with the generalized Erez-Rosen solution. , [**", "41**]{}, 2018–2020.", "\n\nChandrasekhar, S. 2000 . ", "Oxford.", "\n\nDoroshkevich, A. G. Zel’dovich, Ya.", " B. & Novikov, I. D. 1966 Gravitational collapse of nonsymmetric and rotating masses. , [**", "22**]{}, 122–130.", "\n\nErez, G. & Rosen, N. 1959 The gravitational field of a particle possessing a multipole moment. , [**", "8F**]{}, 47–50.", "\n\nErnst, F. J. 1968 New formulation of the axially symmetric gravitational field problem. , [**", "167**]{}, 1175–1177.", "\n\nHartle, J. B. & K. S. Thorne, K. S. 1968 Slowly Rotating Relativistic Stars. ", "II. ", "Models for Neutron Stars and Supermassive Stars , [**153**]{}, 807–834.", "\n\nHearn, A. C. 1999 (User’s and Contributed Packages Manual). ", "Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik, Berlin.", "\n\nHoenselaers, C., Kinnersley, W. & Xanthopoulos, B. C. 1979 Symmetries of the stationary Einstein-Maxwell equations. ", "VI. ", "Transformations which generate asymptotically flat spacetimes with arbitrary multipole moments. , [**", "20**]{}(12), 2530–2536.", "\n\nKerr, R. P. 1963 Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics. , [**", "11**]{}, 237–238.", "\n\nLewis, T. 1932 Some Special Solutions of the Equations of Axially Symmetric Gravitational Fields. , [**", "A**]{}, 176–192.", "\n\nPáez, J. & Frutos, F. 1994 Astrometry in the Kerr field in PPN approximation. , [**", "214**]{}, 71–87.", "\n\nQuevedo, H. 1986 Class of stationary axisymmetric solutions of Einstein’s equations in empty space. , [**", "33**]{}, 324–327.", "\n\nQuevedo, H. 1989 General static axisymmetric solution of Einstein’s vacuum field equations in prolate spheroidal coordinates. , [**", "39**]{}, 2904–2911.", "\n\nQuevedo, H. & Mashhoon, B. 1991 Generalization of Kerr spacetime. , [**", "43**]{}, 3902–3906.", "\n\nSoffel, M. H. 1989 . ", "Springer-Verlag.", "\n\nSoffel, M. H., Schastok, J., Ruder, H. & Schneider, M. 1985 Relativistic Astrometry. , [", "110]{}, 95–101.", "\n\nWeinberg. ", "S. 1972 . ", "John Wiley & Sons, Inc.\n\nWinicour, J., Janis, A. I. & Newman, E. T. 1968 Static, axially symmetric point horizons. , [**", "176**]{}, 1507–1513.", "\n\nYamada, K. & Asada, H. 2012 Post-Newtonian effects of planetary gravity on the perihelion shift. , [", "423]{}, 3540–3544.", "\n\nYoung, J. H. & Coulter, C. A. 1969 Exact metric for a nonrotating mass with a quadrupole moment. , [**", "184**]{}, 1313–1315.", "\n\nZel’dovich, Ya.", " B. & Novikov, I. D. 2011 . ", "Dover Publications.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

[ 0.000794864899944514, 0.0006260217051021755, 0.000618553371168673, 0.0006418961565941572, 0.0007192529155872762, 0.0007981357048265636, 0.000669478380586952, 0.0006014534737914801, 0.0007095118053257465, 0.0006012087105773389, 0.0005976568791083992, 0.0005416991771198809, 0.0005870990571565926, 0.000676950323395431, 0.0006368429749272764, 0.0005603036843240261, 0.0006443018210120499, 0.00055746576981619, 0.0007987665012478828, 0.0006431910442188382, 0.0006676306365989149, 0.0006469501531682909, 0.0006110091926530004, 0.000572360004298389, 0.0006736468058079481, 0.0005645350902341306, 0.004143708385527134, 0.0008675641729496419, 0.030520856380462646, 0.0035786849912256002, 0.03800904378294945, 0.0035786849912256002, 0.015838701277971268, 0.0035786849912256002, 0.005360300652682781, 0.004762072116136551, 0.0006996928714215755, 0.024891570210456848, 0.02493235282599926, 0.000865591166075319, 0.006664516869932413, 0.02121211774647236, 0.0006593940197490156, 0.005952614825218916, 0.010436036624014378, 0.003843719372525811, 0.01160916406661272, 0.00300015090033412, 0.0033780760131776333, 0.003221205435693264, 0.0005852166214026511, 0.0008123906445689499, 0.01592077501118183, 0.0029127614106982946, 0.0027488728519529104, 0.0035846445243805647, 0.0007845833315514028, 0.0006142479833215475, 0.00066789222182706, 0.005662504117935896, 0.0015375585062429309, 0.0006052992539480329, 0.000703248952049762, 0.0005638430011458695, 0.0006184434168972075, 0.0007668505422770977, 0.000751239072997123, 0.0008103587315417826, 0.0023802074138075113, 0.032592982053756714, 0.004089836496859789, 0.058252424001693726, 0.0392308309674263, 0.001052332459948957, 0.0008287923410534859, 0.000796965672634542, 0.0005951020866632462, 0.0006557291490025818, 0.000751239072997123, 0.0005611071828752756, 0.0005652644322253764, 0.0005815335316583514, 0.000568683200981468, 0.0006455797119997442, 0.0006622882792726159, 0.0005650680395774543, 0.000575858517549932, 0.0005663902265951037, 0.06358097493648529, 0.001137019949965179, 0.06097469478845596, 0.001137019949965179, 0.1398598849773407, 0.001137019949965179, 0.10005190968513489, 0.001474088872782886, 0.04777977243065834, 0.001137019949965179, 0.052709922194480896, 0.001474088872782886, 0.06821847707033157, 0.001137019949965179, 0.062204666435718536, 0.001137019949965179, 0.05963198095560074, 0.001137019949965179, 0.07688811421394348, 0.001474088872782886, 0.08192352205514908, 0.001474088872782886, 0.10076085478067398, 0.001137019949965179, 0.10877224802970886, 0.001474088872782886, 0.05395172908902168, 0.001137019949965179, 0.05151771008968353, 0.001474088872782886, 0.06993207335472107, 0.001137019949965179, 0.08215704560279846, 0.001474088872782886, 0.052006740123033524, 0.001137019949965179, 0.11235876381397247, 0.001474088872782886, 0.11854156106710434, 0.001137019949965179, 0.06469978392124176, 0.001474088872782886, 0.06096098572015762, 0.001474088872782886, 0.06877824664115906, 0.001137019949965179, 0.002591935684904456, 0.0006170535925775766, 0.0006560279289260507, 0.0006300416425801814, 0.0009140048059634864, 0.0006155710434541106, 0.0009919943986460567, 0.0006345988949760795, 0.0012063323520123959, 0.0006472921231761575, 0.0008327648392878473, 0.0007369399536401033, 0.0006982386694289744, 0.0006587175885215402, 0.0007626793812960386, 0.0006998355383984745, 0.0008183355093933642, 0.0037901124451309443, 0.000810090103186667, 0.001087473938241601, 0.000624180247541517, 0.049121078103780746, 0.0007130388985387981, 0.0011774752056226134, 0.0007308333879336715, 0.0011519683757796884, 0.0006854570237919688, 0.0006120328907854855, 0.0006796511588618159, 0.0007584097911603749, 0.0013788030482828617, 0.0007270114729180932, 0.0010893491562455893, 0.0006748079904355109, 0.0012185785453766584, 0.000612065545283258, 0.0020907490979880095, 0.0006290450692176819, 0.0010366756469011307, 0.000690400309395045, 0.0007910007261671126, 0.0007587456493638456, 0.0010447731474414468, 0.0006652675219811499, 0.001028044382110238, 0.0008073262288235128, 0.000650100817438215, 0.0006665127002634108, 0.001023908262141049, 0.0010138245997950435, 0.0008501581032760441, 0.0006562637281604111, 0.001084713963791728, 0.0006304554990492761, 0.0009577532764524221, 0.0007727914489805698, 0.0010956815676763654, 0.011369409039616585, 0.0006763634737581015, 0.0007255016244016588, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "A good friend in the Explosive Ordnance Disposal business once told me how I could use a Glade Plug-In as the trigger on a victim-operated Improvised Explosive Device, so it comes as no surprise when I see this video that the Syrian rebels have wired a Playstation controller to the turret of their new homemade tank.", "\n\nCheck it out:" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0007170047610998154, 0.000746116740629077 ]

[ "Burnley 1-0 Southampton: Match Report\n\n14 January 2017 05:34\n\nJoey Barton announced his return to the Premier League with a 78th-minute winner as Burnley moved into the Premier League's top half with a 1-0 victory over Southampton.", "\n\nThe 34-year-old agreed to rejoin the Clarets earlier this month following an ill-fated spell with Rangers and 601 days after his previous appearance in England's top flight, when his QPR team were beaten 5-1 by Leicester, Barton came off the bench to place home a late free-kick.", "\n\nSean Dyche has taken a risk in reacquiring Barton, not least because he faces a possible Football Association ban for breaching betting regulations, but his popularity at Turf Moor has endured, and the admiration was reciprocated as the midfielder fist pumped in front of the crowd after netting.", "\n\nTurf Moor had been the venue for each of Burnley's previous seven top-flight wins this season and it was on their home form alone that they entered this contest with a chance to move into the top half.", "\n\nAway from east Lancashire it has been a different story, with just a solitary point returned from their travels, and the 3-1 loss in this reverse fixture back in October had seen Saints rain in 34 shots at Tom Heaton's goal.", "\n\nThe England international was less busy in the opening 45 minutes here, even if Southampton spent much of the half on top.", "\n\nDusan Tadic steered one attempt wide from the left-hand side of the box before lashing in a full volley from a similar region that Ben Mee had to clear on the back post.", "\n\nMee was an unlikely threat at the other end having headed a corner wide and fired another try off target from the edge of the area, but he was caught out in his defensive duties as Saints launched a 40th-minute counter.", "\n\nShane Long lost Mee down the right and his cross was met by the oncoming James Ward-Prowse, whose downward header was beaten away by Heaton. ", "Tadic seized upon the loose ball and managed to pivot to shoot only for Michael Keane to hack away.", "\n\nSaints' problems surrounded their lack of an attacking spark and they came into this fixture with only Hull and Middlesbrough having scored fewer league goals this term.", "\n\nTheir 20th of the season might have arrived had Nathan Redmond tried to convert Pierre-Emile Hojbjerg's left-wing cross with his left foot rather than tamely side-footing into the ground with his right from 15 yards out.", "\n\nSteven Defour tested Fraser Forster from range while Long headed a Cedric Soares cross into the side netting, but it seemed if anyone was going to get a winner, it might be either of two substitutes - returning Burnley-born forward Jay Rodriguez, or the Clarets' Barton.", "\n\nThe latter's first act was to clear away inside his own box from Long as Virgil van Dijk's header back across from a free-kick caused panic in the Clarets box.", "\n\nThen, just five minutes after coming on, Barton was presented with a free-kick after Oriel Romeu fouled George Boyd. ", "From around 25 yards away from Forster's goal, Barton deceived the Saints stopper by planting the set piece low, around the wall and into the net.", "\n\nRyan Bertrand and Van Dijk were both denied equalisers by Heaton, who then made a terrific double save to thwart Rodriguez and Josh Sims, the latter somehow stopped when Heaton dove down to his left on the line.", "\n\nHowever, it was Barton who would grab the headlines, as has so often been the case in his colourful career." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0010751397348940372, 0.0021670341957360506, 0.000736478716135025, 0.0008169155917130411, 0.0006519131711684167, 0.0007225822191685438, 0.00267841131426394, 0.004542700946331024, 0.011458108201622963, 0.01817256584763527, 0.0011134741362184286, 0.0017069376772269607, 0.0006603291840292513, 0.0056944130919873714, 0.003168189199641347, 0.0017773633589968085, 0.0025306502357125282, 0.000653051130939275 ]

[ "Ableton Live 9 is the latest iteration of one of the best performance based DAWs available on the market today. ", "The developers at Ableton have added a host of upgrades to their flagship software. ", "With Live 9 you can easily browse for new sounds, instantly capture your performance, record automation directly into clips, enhance your sound with improved studio effects, and then take your performance straight to the stage. ", "There are 3 versions of Live 9, this is the Standard version and includes all software features, 3 instruments, 37 effects, and over 1100 sounds (11GB).", "\n\nOne way that Ableton Live software has an advantage over other DAWs is its extremely fluid GUI that allows you to do all your work within a single window. ", "The Session View is essentially a musical scratch pad. ", "You can work out new ideas and improvise in a free and easy production environment. ", "Each cell in the Session View grid can hold a recording, MIDI file, or any other musical idea, whether they're recorded on the spot or dragged in from the browser. ", "Then you can play your musical ideas in any order or any time you wish.", "\n\nThe Arrangement View takes a more traditional, timeline-based approach to multitrack recording, MIDI sequencing, and other music production tasks. ", "It will record all your actions as you improvise in the Session View, allowing you to edit them whenever you like. ", "Either view you use is simple and basic enough to make your tasks simple and efficient, which is especially useful during a live performance. ", "This makes it a perfect creative tool for studios, beat creators, DJs, sound designers, and anyone who wants to have fun producing music.", "\n\nVersion 9 enhances the Ableton vision of creative, real-time digital music with a wealth of improved techniques, effects, and workflow improvements:\n\nRecord automation into clips. ", "Edit automation with curves.", "\nLive's unique Session View makes it easy to improvise with musical ideas. ", "In Live 9, you can now record parameter changes directly into Session View for even more flexibility. ", "Edit automation curves with the mouse to create smooth mix transitions or radical parameter changes in your clips. ", "In one click, create new Session View scenes from your Arrangement tracks, or drag and copy individual clips from Arrangement to Session. ", "The automation comes with them, making it easier than ever to move from improvising to arranging and back.", "\n\nFind sounds fast.", "\nWith Live's new browser, spend less time finding sounds and more time making music. ", "Live's new browser puts all of your instruments and effects, samples, Packs and VST/Audio Units plug-ins in one easy-to-navigate view. ", "Drag and drop folders into the browser from anywhere on your computer. ", "Search as you type, navigate from the keyboard and sort items by various categories.", "\n\nPlay new sounds.", "\nLive's library includes new Instrument Racks and sounds to get you going fast. ", "All sounds are organized for Live 9's new browser and work seamlessly with all common hardware controllers.", "\n\nGet your sound right.", "\nThe new analog-modeled Glue Compressor and redesigned studio effects help you get a better sound in less time. ", "Live's new Glue Compressor, developed in collaboration with Cytomic, is modeled on a classic 80s console bus compressor, both for its great sound and also to provide musical results with a simple set of controls. ", "Live's studio effects - Compressor, Gate and EQ Eight - have been improved with new displays, enhanced controls and better sound, making it easier to see and hear your changes.", "\n\nReclaim the music in your samples...\nLive 9's new tools for converting audio to MIDI give you unprecedented flexibility to extract musical ideas from your samples and build upon them. ", "Convert your favorite drum break with the Drums-to-MIDI feature and reuse it with your own sounds. ", "Speed up your remixing work by using Harmony-to-MIDI to get the notes and chords from the original audio stems. ", "Or simply seed your creativity with inspiring, natural-feeling MIDI grabbed directly from the most exciting parts of your music collection.", "\n\n...or sing the music in your head.", "\nSketch out ideas quickly by singing (or beatboxing) into Live and converting your recording to MIDI. ", "Your voice is the new keyboard: sing, beatbox, tap a rhythm on your desk, or play any solo instrument to capture your musical ideas as they come. ", "Then use the Melody- or Drums-to-MIDI feature to turn your recordings into MIDI clips that you can edit and reuse with any sound.", "\n\nEdit the details.", "\nPowerful MIDI note manipulation tools and an improved editing workflow help you create new musical ideas fast.", "\n\nTransform MIDI notes\nNew controls in the MIDI editor let you quickly invert, reverse, transpose and speed up or slow down selected MIDI notes in a single click.", "\n\nMove notes on and off the grid\nBeats are easier to see when editing, and editing grids are now \"sticky,\" allowing notes to be freely moved and resized while still snapping when close to grid lines." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006992329144850373, 0.0005688295932486653, 0.0005851416499353945, 0.0006116620497778058, 0.0007344612386077642, 0.0005781393847428262, 0.000633113959338516, 0.0005728189717046916, 0.0007128504221327603, 0.0005685531068593264, 0.0006403130246326327, 0.0005807962734252214, 0.0005881738616153598, 0.0006032317760400474, 0.0006455984548665583, 0.00057195097906515, 0.000544535752851516, 0.0006598629988729954, 0.0007047628751024604, 0.0006071198149584234, 0.0006477722781710327, 0.0014264053897932172, 0.0006609663250856102, 0.011948329396545887, 0.0006999006145633757, 0.0009441229631192982, 0.0005848965374752879, 0.0005571308429352939, 0.0012098685838282108, 0.0005747899995185435, 0.0005721486522816122, 0.0005681468755938113, 0.0005974507075734437, 0.0008902627159841359, 0.0006429557106457651, 0.0006512003019452095, 0.01857621595263481, 0.0006269232835620642, 0.004904107190668583, 0.0006673145107924938, 0.0006333004566840827, 0.0005773461889475584, 0.0006021687295287848, 0.0005774105666205287 ]

[ "\n814 So.2d 483 (2002)\nSTATE of Florida, Appellant/Cross-Appellee,\nv.\nRay Lynn RUSSELL, Appellee/Cross-Appellant.", "\nNo. ", "5D01-938.", "\nDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida, Fifth District.", "\nApril 5, 2002.", "\n*485 Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Belle B. Schumann, Assistant Attorney General, Daytona Beach, for Appellant/Cross-Appellee.", "\nJames B. Gibson, Public Defender and Rosemarie Farrell, Assistant Public Defender, Daytona Beach, for Appellee/Cross-Appellant.", "\nSHARP, W., J.\nThe state appeals from the trial court's order which granted Russell's motion to suppress \"evidence of the statements\" (presumably both his former stepdaughter's recollection of the interview between them and the tape recording of their conversation) he made to his former stepdaughter, V.H., when she came to visit him in prison on April 5, 2000. ", "The defense cross-appeals the trial court's order which refused to suppress statements Russell made to police at the prison on April 28, 2000, after being confronted with the tape recording and after having been given Miranda warnings.[1] We reverse the first ruling which precludes admission of the taped conversation and testimony concerning it. ", "Because the basis of the cross-appeal is that the second confession was the \"fruit of the poisonous tree,\" pursuant to Wong Sun v. United States, 371 U.S. 471, 83 S.Ct. ", "407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441 (1963), we do not reach that issue and affirm the second ruling.", "\nThe findings of the trial court are supported by substantial and competent evidence and we accept them as controlling in this case. ", "In 1981 and 1982, Russell was married to V.H.'s mother and he apparently engaged in sexual activity with V.H, when she was seven or eight years old. ", "A file with V.H.'s statements concerning sexual battery on her perpetrated by Russell existed in 1984, but the state attorney's office filed a \"no information\" in the case. ", "In 2000, after V.H. was an adult, she asked that her case be reinvestigated and prosecuted.", "\nThe police were unable or unwilling to reactivate the case without additional evidence against Russell. ", "They suggested that she visit Russell in prison where he was serving a habitual offender sentence of twenty years for burglary and grand theft, in order to get him to admit he committed the sexual offenses. ", "She was to wear a listening device, which would permit the police to overhear the conversation with Russell and to record it.", "\nOn April 4, 2000, V.H. visited with Russell in the visitor's reception area of the prison. ", "She was wearing a listening device. ", "She had not seen him for twenty *486 years. ", "She told him that her visit was prompted by her therapy to recover from the sexual abuse she had experienced at his hands when she was a child. ", "She needed him to acknowledge the things he had done to her and to say he was sorry. ", "She wanted to repair their relationship. ", "He made incriminating statements.", "\nShe became emotionally upset and the police monitoring the conversation called her out of the reception area. ", "She was told to get Russell to admit specific dates and times. ", "On her return, she pressed him to confirm her memories. ", "He admitted he had performed sexual acts on her, but not that he had penetrated her, and he said it had not occurred often.", "\nRussell then said that when he first heard she was coming to visit him he thought it was a \"set-up.\" ", "He also acknowledged that if their conversation was being recorded he had said enough to merit prosecution. ", "But he said he would not lie and he would not fight the prosecution. ", "V.H. did not tell Russell their conversation was being recorded but she also did not tell him it was not or that she would keep the conversation confidential. ", "Thereafter, on April 28, 2000, police read Russell his Miranda rights, played the taped conversation of his statements to V.H., and Russell made additional incriminating statements to them at that time.", "\nThe trial court suppressed the evidence concerning the conversation between Russell and V.H., because Russell was \"entitled to an attorney\" at the time of the interview and because the tape recording was an unreasonable interception of a private communication in violation of article I, section 12 of the Florida Constitution. ", "Our review of the application of law to this ruling is de novo.[2] We disagree with the trial court's application of law in this case and further, with appellee's additional arguments on appeal that Russell's fifth and sixth amendment rights, and his due process rights were violated.", "\nWe find no possibility that Russell's sixth amendment right to counsel was violated. ", "The purpose of the sixth amendment right to counsel is to protect an accused at critical confrontations with the government, after the adversarial positions of the defendant and the government have \"solidified\" with regard to a specific crime. ", "McNeil v. Wisconsin, 501 U.S. 171, 177-78, 111 S.Ct. ", "2204, 115 L.Ed.2d 158 (1991). ", "It arises only after initiation of adversarial judicial proceedings and is offense specific. ", "Maine v. Moulton, 474 U.S. 159, 179-180, 106 S.Ct. ", "477, 88 L.Ed.2d 481 (1985); Gore v. State, 599 So.2d 978 (Fla.1992). ", "In this case, no arrest on the sexual battery charges had been made and no information had been filed with regard to those charges. ", "In fact, it appears the government had given up on prosecuting the case until V.H. urged them to reopen her case. ", "Being held and formally charged with one crime does not bar questioning about other uncharged crimes. ", "McNeil; Illinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292, 110 S.Ct. ", "2394, 110 L.Ed.2d 243 (1990); Jones v. State, 756 So.2d 243 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000).", "\nNor do we find a basis to conclude that Russell's fifth amendment right to counsel was violated here. ", "In Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477, 484, 101 S.Ct. ", "1880, 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981), the United States Supreme Court ruled that once a suspect invokes his or her fifth amendment right not to speak to the police without assistance of counsel, police may not continue with interrogation. ", "Here, no Miranda *487 rights were read to Russell. ", "He did not halt the conversation or insist on communicating about the sexual abuse claims only with the assistance of counsel. ", "See Gore.", "\nRussell's primary argument in this context appears to be that he was entitled to be read his Miranda rights by the police or by V.H., since she was acting as a police agent. ", "However, Miranda warnings are not required unless a suspect is in custody and facing interrogation by the police. ", "McNeil; Perkins. ", "It is insufficient that a suspect is already in prison being held on other charges, to establish custodial interrogation in a different case. ", "In such cases, the suspect's freedom must be more limited than per normal prison routine. ", "See Garcia v. Singletary, 13 F.3d 1487 (11th Cir.1994). ", "Here, Russell was simply talking with V.H. in the visiting reception area and could have refused to speak with her or terminated the conversation and left.", "\nFurther, in most cases, conversations between suspects and undercover agents do not implicate the concerns which produced Miranda. ", "See Odom v. State, 403 So.2d 936 (Fla.1981), distinguished on other grounds, Holland v. State, 773 So.2d 1065 (Fla.2000). ", "Miranda is designed to protect an accused in a police dominated atmosphere and is not implicated when an incarcerated person speaks freely to someone who he believes is a fellow inmate. ", "Perkins. ", "In sum, Miranda forbids coercion not mere \"strategic deception.\"", "\nRussell argues that more than strategic deception was involved in this case and that his due process rights were violated by V.H.'s deceptive tactics, inspired by the police, which procured his confessions. ", "He relies on Walls v. State, 580 So.2d 131 (Fla.1991) and Voltaire v. State, 697 So.2d 1002 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997) We find both distinguishable. ", "In Voltaire, the defendant/suspect was being held in jail on specific charges. ", "An undercover agent was placed in his cell to get him to discuss the crime related to the same charges. ", "Voltaire had previously refused to talk to the police about the charges. ", "The court said the police had engaged in gross deception to evade Voltaire's fifth amendment rights, which he had previously invoked. ", "No similar circumstances occurred here.", "\nSimilarly, Walls is an extreme case, implicating the violation of that defendant's sixth amendment rights. ", "Walls was in prison and facing prosecution on a murder charge. ", "An officer violated his due process rights by posing as his friend, by telling him he could speak in confidence to her, and advising him not to tell his attorney about their conversations. ", "She then turned over her notes and observations to the state to use against him in his defense of incompetency to stand trial in that same murder case. ", "Not only were the police agent's statements false, but she interfered with that defendant's sixth amendment right to counsel.", "\nThis case, however, involved no such gross deception. ", "V.H. never told Russell she would not reveal to the police or others the statements or admissions he made to her. ", "Much of what she said to him was true. ", "She was his former stepdaughter and, as a child, she had experienced sexual abuse by him. ", "She was very upset about it, even years later. ", "She never told him she was not \"bugged\" or wired. ", "And, in fact, Russell considered the possibility that V.H. might be tape recording the conversation, based on his statements to her.", "\nWe think this case is closer to the factual situation in Jones v. State, 756 So.2d 243 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000). ", "In that case a suspect's fiancee' made a jail visit to him. ", "She was \"wired,\" although she did not tell him of the wire. ", "She did say she would not lie about the other charges not yet *488 brought against him and encouraged him to tell her the truth about them. ", "This court held that was not a violation of the defendant's fifth amendment due process rights.", "\nWe also disagree with the trial judge that there was a violation of Russell's right to privacy concerning the interception of private communications. ", "Odom, relied upon by the trial court, was based on a pre-amended version of article I, section 12 of the Florida Constitution, and it barred only the tape of the conversation, not the witness' statement about it. ", "Had this conversation occurred over the telephone, there would be nothing amiss about it pursuant to section 934.03(2)(c), because it was taped with the consent of one party and for the purpose of gathering evidence about a crime. ", "State v. Sobel, 743 So.2d 38 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999); Barr v. State, 659 So.2d 370 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995); State v. Stout, 693 So.2d 657 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997).", "\nNor do we think Russell had any reasonable subjective expectation of privacy for his in-prison conversation, or that there is a societal recognition that such an expectation is reasonable in the visitor's reception area of a prison during visitation. ", "See State v. Smith, 641 So.2d 849 (Fla.1994) (persons sitting in the back of a patrol car); Pires v. Wainwright, 419 So.2d 358 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) (wiretap of conversation between prison in correctional facility and outside callee); Stout (wiretap of conversation between suspect and victim of sexual battery wherein victim called suspect at his home).", "\nREVERSED and REMANDED; Cross-Appeal AFFIRMED.", "\nPETERSON and GRIFFIN, JJ., ", "concur.", "\nNOTES\n[1] Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. ", "1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966).", "\n[2] See Underwood v. State, 801 So.2d 200 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001); Rosenquist v. State, 769 So.2d 1051 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000); Ikner v. State, 756 So.2d 1116 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000).", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.0007318010902963579, 0.0013785817427560687, 0.0009271689923480153, 0.0007651504711247981, 0.0007068099221214652, 0.000685257138684392, 0.0006353368517011404, 0.000726431782823056, 0.0006963706691749394, 0.0007946157129481435, 0.0006079021259211004, 0.0005497214151546359, 0.04516908898949623, 0.003816339187324047, 0.0013479705667123199, 0.0008320976630784571, 0.006155235227197409, 0.000766051874961704, 0.0005995833198539913, 0.0008806390105746686, 0.0012975637800991535, 0.005797530058771372, 0.0007569766021333635, 0.0010397285223007202, 0.001344557967968285, 0.0016815323615446687, 0.0006347939488478005, 0.0005629091756418347, 0.06007865071296692, 0.0005803422536700964, 0.0005361463408917189, 0.0010135063203051686, 0.0006929041119292378, 0.0006143993232399225, 0.0006771077169105411, 0.0006146795931272209, 0.0006938285077922046, 0.0006405635504052043, 0.0009005779284052551, 0.0007073173183016479, 0.0006687392597086728, 0.0009585671359673142, 0.0008491889457218349, 0.002759224036708474, 0.0007782105822116137, 0.0006345940055325627, 0.000909307156689465, 0.0007794619305059314, 0.0007501319632865489, 0.0007799991290085018, 0.0006726447609253228, 0.0006354497745633125, 0.0019194264896214008, 0.004396254196763039, 0.000659050652757287, 0.0007764934562146664, 0.0007519833161495626, 0.0006916463025845587, 0.0007907049148343503, 0.0006239791982807219, 0.0007016182644292712, 0.0005875289789400995, 0.0006698673823848367, 0.0006741590332239866, 0.0008438221993856132, 0.0016117156483232975, 0.0006422241567634046, 0.0006896770210005343, 0.0007632751949131489, 0.0008826912962831557, 0.0007376091671176255, 0.000876055215485394, 0.000641102553345263, 0.0007603405392728746, 0.008633462712168694, 0.0006303167319856584, 0.0008651050738990307, 0.0007101118098944426, 0.0007415482541546226, 0.0008661699830554426, 0.0006533499108627439, 0.16038425266742706, 0.0006420387071557343, 0.001045817625708878, 0.0006342167034745216, 0.0006074268603697419, 0.001152095734141767, 0.000814206781797111, 0.0008387395064346492, 0.0007319200085476041, 0.0006232496234588325, 0.0007299466524273157, 0.0006081741885282099, 0.0009847534820437431, 0.0006024603499099612, 0.0010455321753397584, 0.0006889526848681271, 0.0007166778668761253, 0.0006776442169211805, 0.000769949343521148, 0.0007388765807263553, 0.0007154185441322625, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "After a series of deadly earthquakes in Japan, a “small-scale” eruption of Mount Aso has been recorded by the Japan Meteorological Agency. ", "However, it decided to keep the alert level at 2, as it was not immediately clear whether the natural disasters were related.", "\n\nREAD MORE: Second powerful quake strikes Japan’s Kumamoto day after deadliest tremor since Fukushima\n\nPlumes of smoke rose some 100 meters into the sky, according to local media and videos captured by witnesses. ", "The eruption of Mt. Aso, located in southern Japan, was recorded at around 11:30pm GMT Friday.", "\n\nSince small eruptions had been recorded at Mt. Aso even before the series of deadly quakes hit the area on Thursday and Friday, the Japanese Meteorological Agency has reportedly decided to keep the alert level at 2 on a scale of 1-5.", "\n\nThe volcano eruption follows two deadly earthquakes and dozens of powerful aftershocks that devastated Japan earlier this week.", "\n\nRead more\n\nOn Friday (1:25am Saturday local time) a violent 7.1 magnitude earthquake struck the city of Kumamoto on the island of Kyushu. ", "At least 11 people have so been confirmed dead in the disaster so far, while several dozens are feared to still be trapped under the rubble. ", "Some 760 were treated in hospitals while rescue teams continue to search ruined houses.", "\n\nJust a day beforehand, the same region was rattled by a 6.5 quake, in which at least ine people were killed and more than 850 injured. ", "Authorities went on to evacuate over 40,000 people as scientists began to monitor nearby volcanoes for any signs of activity.", "\n\nJapanese authorities were also worried about a potential repeat of the 2011 Fukushima disaster scenario, when a 15-meter post-quake tsunami caused a nuclear meltdown. ", "However, so far the Nuclear Regulation Authority said no irregularities had been recorded at three nuclear plants on the island of Kyushu and nearby Shikoku.", "\n\nOver a hundred aftershocks have hit the region following the initial Thursday tremor. ", "Officials have warned that the risk of further strong aftershocks will linger for about a week." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0005487558664754033, 0.0005860701203346252, 0.0008366202819161117, 0.000593296077568084, 0.0006496214773505926, 0.0007344296900555491, 0.0007244455628097057, 0.000756952736992389, 0.0009174969745799899, 0.001121027977205813, 0.000629785587079823, 0.0007641481934115291, 0.0005665489006787539, 0.0008141967700794339, 0.0010325713083148003 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to handle Missing configuration property in adapter\n\nhow can handle the Missing configuration property in adapter?", "\nin worklight.properties file i configured as below \ntest.sw_vc_sAction=http://sadsdf./insdfsd.svc\ni fetching in adapter using below way\nWL.Server.configuration[\"test.sw_vc_saction\"];\nNote : i know i did mistake instead of sAction iam using saction, but i want to handle error\ni tried using 200 , 500 but unable to handle at server side itself\n\nA:\n\nYou cannot.", "\nThe adapter is being compiled and is then run in the server's memory.", "\nThis property is then used where ever you set it in the adapter code.", "\nYou put the wrong value, so it's just not working. ", "You cannot handle it with status codes (200, 500) because it's not related to network traffic.", "\nMake sure that you're using the correct property name.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007639657123945653, 0.001017433125525713, 0.0006885906914249063, 0.0006428855704143643, 0.0009131547412835062, 0.0006416585529223084, 0.0008290099212899804, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "POWr is a complete set of cloud-based Plugins for almost any website. ", "You will be able to embed this custom Digital Download Plugin to Jumpseller with a few simple steps. ", "POWr Digital Download for Jumpseller works beautifully in any Jumpseller template. ", "There’s no code required, thanks to the live editor. ", "You can add Digital Download in Jumpseller with any Jumpseller theme, and add to pages, posts, sidebars, and footers. ", "A perfect Digital Download Plugin for eCommerce sites, online portfolios, product pages, branding sites, and more." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0009087853250093758, 0.0005747483810409904, 0.0005655235727317631, 0.0005641679745167494, 0.0005763123044744134, 0.0006098966696299613 ]

[ "I’ve had a crush on Liam for 754 days. ", "Yeah, we’re friends and stuff, but today something happened and it was scary and exciting and really I just don’t know what to think about it at all.", "\n\nI was over at his house and his parents were out running errands. ", "As usual we did some homework (but I hid my Latin so he couldn’t see how confused I get declining the nouns — why the hell does it have to be so hard?) ", "together and before I could finish putting my books into my backpack, he was ON me. ", "Tickling me, pinning me down while I squirmed and squealed. ", "It was fun, but of course the entire time I just wanted to scream, “WHY DON’T YOU JUST KISS ME? ", "HOW COME WE’VE NEVER KISSED?”", "\n\nHe got up suddenly and locked the door to his room. ", "I swallowed hard, hoping this meant something different.", "\n\nHe came back over to me, playfully shoved me back onto the worn brown carpet. ", "His hands inside my shirt, running up and down my back, underneath my bra strap. ", "His breath coming harder and faster as the “wrestling” resumed. ", "Could he tell my body felt like it was on fire? ", "The warmth between my legs spread as he began rubbing up against me.", "\n\n“Let’s make love, quick!” ", "he hissed.", "\n\nI think I laughed out loud only because it was so ridiculous. ", "Diary, you know we’ve never even French kissed before. ", "We’re 15. ", "And I was just realizing what all the girls at school were giggling about when they whispered about “hard-ons.”", "\n\nMy shirt slid up. ", "His mouth moved down to kiss my tummy.", "\n\n“Shit!” ", "I yelped.", "\n\nHe looked right into my eyes for a second and then I looked away because I was embarrassed. ", "I didn’t know what to do. ", "But for sure I didn’t want to make the first official mouth move and get rejected. ", "I yanked my shirt down but Liam stopped me.", "\n\nThen he grabbed my wrists, pinned them down with his large hands so I couldn’t move. ", "I saw stubble on his upper lip and remembered a can of shaving cream sitting on his bathroom counter. ", "I was on fire, aching for something I couldn’t even name.", "\n\nI didn’t know what to do, Diary. ", "I felt stupid and partly scared because I really was stuck. ", "His little sister must’ve heard us because she started banging on the door asking what we were doing.", "\n\nI went home feeling ashamed. ", "And it only got worse after Emma called me. ", "Liam asked her out on a date over the weekend. ", "She knows I have a crush on him. ", "He must know I have a crush on him. ", "So why did he do all those things? ", "Am I just a blow-up doll to practice with, his toy?", "\n\nI’ve decided I’m not good enough for him, for this to be real. ", "I’ve made it up inside my head that a part of him likes me back because he does these things with me a lot.", "\n\nThe proofs we have to do in Geometry class that I have so much trouble with? ", "Are just like Liam in a way. ", "I fail at them both. ", "My stupid fucking protractor and Liam’s game prove I’m just dumb and inept and gullible.", "\n\nYipes- pretty sure you just perfectly described every single one of my sophomore year encounters.", "Amazing/terrifying.", "\n\nGreta\n\nWow, Erin. ", "I was back at 15 reading this, wondering what I would do. ", "This is really good.", "\n\nhttp://writingwishing.com/ Alison\n\nErin, you need to do more of this kind of writing. ", "This is stunning.", "\n\nthekitchenwitch\n\nDear Heavens, this is alive and vibrant and real. ", "How traumatic to never have been kissed before by this boy and suddenly he’s down your shirt! ", "Happened to me, too. ", "But at least I had warning…I’d kissed him before. ", "Great writing!", "\n\nSandra Galati εїз\n\nWow! ", "You had me at Dear Diary. ", "I agree that you should do more of this kind of writing. ", "Relatable. ", "Excellent!", "\n\nhttp://www.jenniferpwilliams.com/ Jennifer P. Williams\n\nI’m glad you’re back. ", "This is fantastic. ", "I’m inside the head of this girl, and my heart is hurting for her. ", "I want to wrap her in a hug and tell her how smart and wonderful she is, and that she is worth SO much more than Liam’s bumbling advances.", "\n\nWow. ", "Powerful and real. ", "I felt 15 again. ", "In a scared, confused, 15 yr old way.", "\n\nhttp://www.erinmargolin.com/ Erin Margolin\n\nAnInchofGray / Anna,\n\nI think I’ll take this as a compliment and not try to second-guess myself or my writing. ", "Coming from you, this means a lot. ", "I’m glad I was able to evoke such feelings in you… thank you for reading and for your feedback! ", "xo\n\nhttp://www.twocannoli.com/ Kristin S.\n\nGreat story. ", "So evocative and so real! ", "I remember these feelings and you captured them perfectly.", "\n\nRobinFarr\n\nYou got it just right – the details, the voice, everything.", "\n\nhttp://www.worldsworstmoms.com/ Tammy\n\nNice Erin, really nice. ", "And I don’t mean that in that “She’s so nice” way that turns a perfectly good compliment all weak like bad coffee. ", "I’m rambling. ", "You know what I mean…\n\nhttp://www.about100percent.com/ Andrea\n\nI have chills from this. ", "You totally took me there. ", "Great, heartbreaking, real, scary, exciting story.", "\n\nhttp://www.erinmargolin.com/ Erin Margolin\n\nAndrea,\n\nYour support and positive reinforcement means a lot to me. ", "I need to force myself back into the real writing. ", "I don’t know how. ", "I guess just DO IT…..?", "\nhugs!", "\n\nhttp://www.thatsvandy.com/ Brittany at That’s Vandy\n\nErin this is so good. ", "It took me back to my teenage years so fast. ", "The voices and emotions were perfect. ", "Now, I want to read this to Sophia when she is that age and ask what is wrong? ", "Because in no way should the young woman be feeling rejected, but relieved that a sister knocked on the door and possibly saved her from being screwed. ", "I kid you not. ", "This is where my mind went. ", "What do we give up as young women that we never mean to? ", "How can we show our daughters that the Liams of the world, who would ever lock your wrists or make you feel trapped, would be world a damn. ", "Why would we ever want them to call? ", "Why can’t we tell Emma what happened? ", "Why would she not believe her friend, and choose to date this boy. ", "I know, this is not why you posted this, but at the same time, I believe that stories presenting real situations can be used to teach.", "\n\nhttp://www.erinmargolin.com/ Erin Margolin\n\nBrittany,\n\nThanks so much for your thoughtful comments! ", "No worries whatsoever! ", "I have three daughters as well and I often think ahead to the teenage years when we may deal with boy stuff. ", "I think we, as women, are made to feel like everything is somehow our fault. ", "Like we asked for it, or that we were just passive and let things happen. ", "And then there’s the self-esteem part of it. ", "Why did this scene play out in this way? ", "I realize it’s just a quick snapshot of a larger story/scenario, but where did Emma stand on this? ", "Did Liam ever have feelings for her, or did he just play around because he could, or because she “let” him? ", "I’m with you 100% about stories being used to teach. ", "Thank you for your support and kind words! ", "xxoo\n\nKim@Co-Pilot Mom\n\nSo good. ", "This is very powerful, Erin. ", "Like some others have said, I just want to talk to her – being that age can be so confusing.", "\n\nhttp://www.erinmargolin.com/ Erin Margolin\n\nKim,\n\nThank you! ", "Yes, the teen years are unforgiving, stressful, and rife with insecurity. ", "I wish I could talk to her, too. ", "And maybe I’ll see if she can write some more things in her diary? ", "HUGS!", "\n\nhttp://ohmymarta.com/ Marta\n\nWow this was just so familiar, and real and true. ", "Brilliant.", "\n\nhttp://www.erinmargolin.com/ Erin Margolin\n\nMarta,\n\nThank you for your kind compliments. ", "I’m looking for come constructive criticism as I get back into real writing…hopefully I can keep it up!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.001431149779818952, 0.0005947437603026628, 0.001297393231652677, 0.03796464577317238, 0.003814892377704382, 0.34124985337257385, 0.2058730572462082, 0.013491673395037651, 0.018013978376984596, 0.0005990891950204968, 0.008213529363274574, 0.45684853196144104, 0.017046650871634483, 0.05881233885884285, 0.3663862943649292, 0.016464799642562866, 0.02104249782860279, 0.04168032109737396, 0.00472251558676362, 0.005220724735409021, 0.11491987109184265, 0.21438761055469513, 0.7663965225219727, 0.9804248213768005, 0.030672676861286163, 0.0009847850305959582, 0.0016033921856433153, 0.0013023584615439177, 0.1141747236251831, 0.08327941596508026, 0.004064383450895548, 0.01380210742354393, 0.007891644723713398, 0.053554777055978775, 0.06601621955633163, 0.0016787066124379635, 0.0014330120757222176, 0.000775190070271492, 0.0023125119041651487, 0.0025169895961880684, 0.0008264197967946529, 0.23927751183509827, 0.0007527414127252996, 0.004171729553490877, 0.0010811558458954096, 0.004609361756592989, 0.0019548472482711077, 0.997816801071167, 0.0011588273337110877, 0.0009788759052753448, 0.0011405297555029392, 0.0006127923261374235, 0.0005761050269939005, 0.0010599788511171937, 0.0006580399349331856, 0.0026171954814344645, 0.47975102066993713, 0.001701249391771853, 0.03590844199061394, 0.0006774917710572481, 0.0008010898600332439, 0.000765428296290338, 0.0005507611786015332, 0.000729880528524518, 0.0007285799365490675, 0.0035803895443677902, 0.0006201657233759761, 0.004164920654147863, 0.01748507283627987, 0.0009979959577322006, 0.0013644002610817552, 0.0019463577773422003, 0.017509115859866142, 0.0007105210679583251, 0.0006951357354409993, 0.0005219023441895843, 0.0006919581792317331, 0.0015297848731279373, 0.0005753216682933271, 0.000667509448248893, 0.0008414488402195275, 0.1308470219373703, 0.00275168614462018, 0.0006595737650059164, 0.0036699622869491577, 0.0006028650095686316, 0.0006272493628785014, 0.0024563451297581196, 0.0009554997668601573, 0.000790339196100831, 0.00140673341229558, 0.0007659233524464071, 0.001870646607130766, 0.0005773123702965677, 0.0007298064301721752, 0.020814642310142517, 0.011567850597202778, 0.0007240372942760587, 0.013189676217734814, 0.6006710529327393, 0.0008338498300872743, 0.001001683296635747, 0.02862575277686119, 0.0005586771876551211, 0.0006035669939592481, 0.0012627538526430726, 0.0006850482313893735, 0.07401935756206512, 0.001526650390587747, 0.002190673490986228, 0.0006760029937140644, 0.0005589501815848053, 0.0036192566622048616, 0.0007234814111143351, 0.000532040314283222, 0.007644412573426962, 0.0014101994456723332, 0.0007353517576120794, 0.0006872087251394987, 0.003711293451488018, 0.0006003443268127739, 0.0006754214991815388, 0.00140673341229558, 0.0006763667333871126, 0.001119964406825602, 0.0005500330589711666, 0.0006868437048979104 ]

[ "By Shinji Toda, Ph.D., IRIDeS, Tohoku University, and Ross Stein, Ph.D., Temblor\n\nThe 17 June 2018 M=6.1 earthquake (now upgraded from M=5.9 by JMA) that struck 15 km (9 mi) northeast of Osaka continues to produce aftershocks and raise concerns about whether it could trigger larger earthquakes on either of two major active faults. ", "Ruptures on either fault could strongly shake Osaka, a vibrant city of 2.7 million inhabitants.", "\n\nTwo major faults in play\n\nWe made preliminary calculations of the stress imparted by the M=6.1 quake to surrounding faults, with each fault divided into patches so the variation of stress could be resolved. ", "This reveals that parts of the right-lateral Takatsuki Fault (also known as the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line), and the Uemachi thrust fault, were brought significantly closer to failure. ", "The Takatsuki fault was also strongly loaded by the 1995 M=6.9 Kobe earthquake to the southwest. ", "The Uemachi fault cuts right through Osaka, and so is the most dangerous to the City.", "\n\nFaults loaded by the amount of stress transferred by the M=6.1 shock can rupture immediately, or they could remain locked for many decades. ", "We can say only that the effects of the stress increase will fade over several decades, so its impact is greatest now. ", "Stress increases of this amount generally produce aftershocks, and so aftershocks on adjacent faults would provide an independent test of the calculation, which is being pursued.", "\n\nWhy does this matter?", "\n\nOn 15 April 2016, a M=6.2 earthquake struck near the city of Kumamoto, Japan. ", "Preliminary Coulomb stress calculations suggested that the Futagawa Fault to the northeast, and the Hinagu Fault to the southwest, were both loaded by an amount the same or perhaps twice the amount that occurred in Osaka. ", "A little over a day later, both faults ruptured together in a M=7.0 shock that took 50 lives and injured 3,000 people. ", "Severe damage occurred in the Kumamoto and Oita Prefectures, with numerous structures collapsing and catching fire. ", "More than 44,000 people were evacuated from their homes due to the disaster.", "\n\nWe want to stress that no large earthquakes are interpreted or known to be imminent, but the possibility of larger shocks cannot be dismissed. ", "So, this is a moment for situational awareness and thoughtful precautions by the residents of greater Osaka.", "\n\nSources\n\nJMA\n\nNIED Hi-Net\n\nActive Fault Database of Japan, https://gbank.gsj.jp/activefault/\n\nToda S., H. Kaneda, S. Okada, D. Ishimura, and Z. Mildon, Slip-partitioned surface ruptures for the Mw 7.0 16 April 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake, Earth, Planets and Space, 68, 188, doi: 10.1186/s40623-016-0560-8\n\nCoulomb 3.3 software, https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1060/" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006052923272363842, 0.000671278452500701, 0.0006038483697921038, 0.0009040031000040472, 0.0007364446646533906, 0.0016976139741018414, 0.0007361611933447421, 0.0005643882323056459, 0.0006057780119590461, 0.0010038663167506456, 0.0007936939364299178, 0.0006350538460537791, 0.0026504099369049072, 0.0019914736039936543, 0.0017085382714867592, 0.0005537801189348102, 0.0005300978082232177, 0.0006822908762842417 ]

[ "Q:\n\nAny complex number can be written as a sum of complex numbers of modulus 1?", "\n\nI found this problem in a text-book, no solution offered. ", "I'm curious because it seems like a very interesting result. ", "Full statement is:\nLet $M \\subseteq \\mathbb{C}$, a set with the following properties:\n1. ", "if $x\\in{\\mathbb{C}}$ with $|x|=1$, then $x \\in{M}$\n2. ", "if $x=a_1+a_2$ and $a_1,a_2 \\in{M}$, then $x \\in{M}$\nShow that $M=\\mathbb{C}$.\nAny suggestions are welcome, thanks in advance :)\n\nA:\n\nAn analytic proof using Old John's hint.", "\nLet $z=r\\,e^{i\\phi}$ with $r\\ge0$ and $0\\le\\phi<2\\,\\pi$. Let $[r]$ be the integer part of $r$ and $\\{r\\}$ its fractional part. ", "Then\n$$\nz=e^{i\\phi}+\\dots([r]\\text{ times})\\dots+e^{i\\phi}+\\{r\\}\\,e^{i\\phi}.", "\n$$\nIt is enough to show that the las term in the sum is the sum of complex numbers of modulus $1$. Let $\\theta=\\arccos(\\{r\\}/2)$. Then\n$$\n\\{r\\}\\,e^{i\\phi}=(e^{i\\theta}+e^{-i\\theta})\\,e^{i\\phi}=e^{i(\\phi+\\theta)}+e^{i(\\phi-\\theta)}.", "\n$$\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.001373223029077053, 0.000682405021507293, 0.0005576219991780818, 0.004532468039542437, 0.007216340862214565, 0.0007608997402712703, 0.10844238847494125, 0.07798624038696289, 0.01942928321659565, 0.013080877251923084 ]

[ "Preko istoka Hrvatske u jesen 2015. ", "godine, u vrijeme velike migrantske krize, prošlo je više od pola milijuna migranata na svojem putu prema zemljama zapadne Europe. ", "U cijeloj toj seobi nije zabilježen ni jedan, pa ni najmanji, incident. ", "Međutim, četiri godine poslije građani u nekim pograničnim mjestima istoga tog istoka Hrvatske žive u strahu od migranata koji im dolaze u gradove i sela, obijaju prodavaonice, a zabilježen je i pokušaj provale u naseljenu kuću. ", "Poznati su i slučajevi krađe automobila, a jedan takav slučaj završio je i prometnom nesrećom u kojoj je nekoliko migranata, koji su se nalazili u ukradenom vozilu, ozlijeđeno. ", "Sve se to događalo u proteklih pola godine, pa i nešto više, ali je isto tako sve to vrijeme policija izbjegavala u svojim redovitim izvješćima medije, a na kraju i same građane, izvijestiti o tome. ", "Posebno je na udaru najistočniji hrvatski grad Ilok, čiji građani ne kriju da se zbog svega što se događa više ne osjećaju sigurnima.", "\n\nNe spavam. ", "Samo osluškujem\n\nPosljednji u nizu nemilih događaja zbio se prije desetak dana kada su dvojica maskiranih migranata, odjevena u tamne jakne i s kapuljačama na glavi, pokušala provaliti u kuću obitelji Lončar u Iloku. ", "Prisjećajući se toga dana, Irjana Lončar kaže kako se to dogodilo oko 4.30 sati ujutro.", "\n\n– Spavali smo kada sam čula nekakve zvukove u dvorištu i oko vrata. ", "Učinilo mi se kako netko hoda. ", "Pomislila sam da je to sin koji ide na posao. ", "Kako se nije palilo svjetlo, bilo mi je to čudno pa sam ustala da vidim što se događa. ", "Tom sam prilikom na ulaznim vratima vidjela dvije nepoznate maskirane osobe koje su gurale vrata i pokušavale, mislim, nekakvom bušilicom, obiti bravu. ", "Vrisnula sam i pozvala supruga, a dvojica provalnika dala su se u bijeg – kaže Lončar.", "\n\nS obzirom na to da je brava bila oštećena, suprug nije mogao odmah otvoriti ulazna vrata, a kada je uspio, krenuo je za njima vozilom. ", "Irjana je s prozora gledala kako dvojica migranata bježe cestom. ", "Poslije su doznali kako je nepoznati dvojac hodao po dvorištu te da su ušli i u tavansku prostoriju, iz koje su odnijeli dva noža i oštrač za noževe. ", "Odnijeli su i novogodišnju svjetleću dekoraciju sa sojenice, a ponijeli su i suprugovu naprtnjaču za lov. ", "Otkrili su i kako su nečim oštrim pokušavali otvoriti i kuhinjski prozor i tako ući u kuću. ", "Policija je na njihov poziv došla vrlo brzo, ali migranata više nije bilo u blizini.", "\n\nFoto: Dubravka Petric/PIXSELL\n\n– Strah me je i to jako. ", "Od toga dana više ne živim normalno, ne spavam i samo osluškujem. ", "Na svaki se šum trzam, kao i na lavež pasa. ", "Jednostavno bojim se da će mi ponovno pokušati upasti u kuću. ", "Strah me je jer čovjek ne zna na što su ti ljudi spremni. ", "Nitko ne zna što bi napravili da su ušli u kuću i kako bi sve to završilo. ", "Mi samo želimo da se u svome gradu, a posebno u svome domu, osjećamo sigurno. ", "Nažalost, to više nije tako – kaže Lončar.", "\n\nDodaje kako su poslije ovoga slučaja čuli za niz sličnih na području grada – građani su viđali migrante, koji su gdjekad i provalili. ", "Tvrdi kako ih i danas u napuštenim kućama u Iloku, kojih je mnogo, ima i da ih oni koriste kako bi se tu na neko vrijeme skrili dok ne nastave put dalje prema unutrašnjosti Hrvatske, a onda i dalje prema Europi.", "\n\nMještani Iloka nam govore i o brojnim slučajevima kada su na području gotovo cijeloga grada pronalazili odbačenu odjeću migranata koji su se preodijevali i nastavljali put. ", "Govore i o više slučajeva kada su migranti prešli granicu i jednostavno nastavili svoj put dalje cestom nakon što bi ih zatekla policija.", "\n\nNa udaru migranata bila je i prodavaonica Jadranke Tomašić, u koju je u dva navrata provaljeno, a jednom su je pokušali obiti. ", "U oba slučaja, kako kaže Tomašić, ukradene su cigarete, i to one birane vrste, nešto alkohola te Nescafé. ", "Ukradeno joj je oko 20.000 kuna robe, s tim da su i ulazna vrata prodavaonice oštećena. ", "Odnesen je i novac koji su pronašli.", "\n\n– Ne osjećam se sigurno i to nije samo moj osjećaj nego tako misle i ostali građani Iloka. ", "Uostalom, najbolje se to vidi pred osnovnom školama kada se mogu uočiti brojni automobili roditelja koji dolaze po svoju djecu. ", "Ljudi se zaključavaju već prije prvoga mraka i izbjegavaju kretanje u večernjim satima. ", "Kako god netko gledao na sve to, situacija nije nimalo jednostavna ni naivna – kaže J. Tomašić.", "\n\nDodaje kako su uz provale u njezinu prodavaonicu zabilježene i provale u prodavaonice u prigradskim naseljima Bapska i Šarengrad. ", "Poslije provale u Šarengradu uhvaćeni su počinitelji. ", "Nakon jedne od provala u njezinu prodavaonicu pronađen je veliki nož za koji se misli da je pripadao migrantima. ", "Podsjeća i na slučaj koji se dogodio prošloga ljeta kada je na poljoprivrednom zemljištu preko puta njezine prodavaonice u kukuruzu, tijekom vršidbe, pronađen šator u kojem su boravili migranti. ", "On se nalazio u naseljenom dijelu Iloka i za njega se nije znalo sve do vršidbe kukuruza.", "\n\n– Želimo samo normalno živjeti i raditi, ali to sada nije slučaj. ", "Najgori je taj osjećaj nesigurnosti. ", "Ti ljudi nemaju nikakvoga straha, ali zato je nas strah, i to jako. ", "Smeta mi što se o tome šuti. ", "Ne očekujem da će policija, na čiji rad nemam prigovora, ili gradonačelnica, nešto napraviti preko noći jer ne mogu niti imaju instrumente za to, ali ovo je problem o kojem se mora govoriti i početi ga rješavati na sustavan način – ističe Tomašić te dodaje kako je mnogi ljudi imaju neugodna iskustva, a ima i onih kojima je obijen sef i odnesen novac.", "\n\nI poznati iločki agronom i vinar Ivan Buhač bio je na udaru migranata, no prošao bez štete. ", "Naime, u vozilo koje su ostavili parkirano ispred kuće, a koje je bilo otključano, netko je ušao i želio ga upaliti i odvesti. ", "Kako ključeva nije bilo unutra, sve što se nalazilo u unutrašnjosti vozila je ispremetano, ali je na kraju automobil ostavljen neoštećen.", "\n\n– Činjenica je kako se takve stvari, koje nisu uobičajene za Ilok, svako malo dogode tako da je normalno da se ljudi ne osjećaju sigurno. ", "U posljednje vrijeme te provale i pokušaji bilježe se i po kućama. ", "Svi se nadamo kako će to uskoro stati i da ćemo nastaviti normalno živjeti jer ovo sada zaista nije tako – kaže nam Buhač.", "\n\nFoto: Dubravka Petric/PIXSELL\n\nKomentirajući posljednje događaje u Iloku, gradonačelnica Marina Budimir kaže kako su gradske vlasti svjesne problema te da su u stalnom kontaktu s MUP-om i policijom u Iloku.", "\n\n– Svi rade koliko mogu i što mogu kako bi se ovaj problem riješio, ali mislim kako nema razloga za paniku. ", "Problem je prisutan, ali se treba znati kako se građani normalno kreću, rade, idu u školu... Nažalost, ovaj problem u Iloku bit će prisutan sve dok smo na toj migrantskoj ruti koja ide iz Srbije i preko nas dalje. ", "Problem predstavlja i kamp za migrante u Srbiji koji se nalazi neposredno uz granični prijelaz. ", "Oni su tamo smješteni, ali oni iz tog kampa slobodno izlaze i idu dalje. ", "Zato se sve ovo i događa – kaže M. Budimir. ", "Tvrdi i kako je od policije tražila pojačani nadzor granice kao i da je činjenica da do sada nije zabilježen ni jedan nasilni napad na bilo kojeg građanina. ", "Podsjeća i kako je istočna granica zahtjevna za nadzor, a uskoro će vegetacija nabujati, što otežava praćenje. ", "Ipak, policija raspolaže opremom za nadzor. ", "I zaista u vrijeme našeg posjeta Iloku svako malo su se mogle vidjeti policijske ophodnje po Iloku i okolici. ", "Neslužbeno nam je i iz PU preneseno kako se već mjesecima pojačano nadzire granica kao i da sve ovo što se događa u Iloku jest problem, ali da nije ništa strašno jer nije bilo nikakvih nasilnih događaja ili prijetnji.", "\n\nDvije vrste migranata\n\nObjašnjavaju nam kako treba razlikovati dvije vrste migranata. ", "Jedni su oni koji su prolaznici i koji pokušavaju nekako ilegalno prijeći granicu i nastaviti dalje svoj put. ", "Drugi su oni, a ti, kako se misli, prave probleme u Iloku, koji su smješteni uz granični prijelaz u kampu na Principovcu koji je, smatraju, glavni problem. ", "Oni se tamo slobodno kreću i tako odatle ilegalno prelaze državnu granicu radi krađe, kako bi prikupili novac za put na Zapad. ", "Ukradena roba potom se preprodaje u kampu. ", "To je bio i slučaj s dvojicom migranata koji su uhićeni poslije provale u prodavaonicu u Šarengradu. ", "Nakon toga su, kako kažu iz policije, prestali slučajevi provala. ", "Policajci razumiju osjećaj nesigurnosti građana Iloka, ali kažu kako razloga za dizanje panike nema te da je policija na terenu i radi svoj posao.", "\n\nVideo - Bihać, BiH: Migrantski kamp Vučjak" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.001413683290593326, 0.1824657917022705, 0.0673101395368576, 0.3793784976005554, 0.2595214247703552, 0.4609292447566986, 0.356117844581604, 0.033953409641981125, 0.59593266248703, 0.3620762228965759, 0.6472474336624146, 0.06111454591155052, 0.4231904447078705, 0.4662628769874573, 0.37947919964790344, 0.3871954381465912, 0.6110584735870361, 0.061305392533540726, 0.48477059602737427, 0.33764153718948364, 0.5591907501220703, 0.30281364917755127, 0.01699635572731495, 0.35122567415237427, 0.12232145667076111, 0.32192903757095337, 0.4549087882041931, 0.5053215026855469, 0.3486768305301666, 0.29750069975852966, 0.3658066689968109, 0.41801437735557556, 0.29964715242385864, 0.5910457372665405, 0.36648330092430115, 0.27611392736434937, 0.25996115803718567, 0.047640904784202576, 0.46914756298065186, 0.5270386934280396, 0.5234250426292419, 0.04782326892018318, 0.3554849922657013, 0.039120759814977646, 0.36395978927612305, 0.34200307726860046, 0.4477775990962982, 0.147103413939476, 0.09242871403694153, 0.2904183864593506, 0.3022049367427826, 0.1780259907245636, 0.18589991331100464, 0.4255276024341583, 0.37783724069595337, 0.46447911858558655, 0.39174771308898926, 0.6164360046386719, 0.10306519269943237, 0.26308709383010864, 0.3661227226257324, 0.07037389278411865, 0.3144463002681732, 0.057715002447366714, 0.4240584075450897, 0.14201544225215912, 0.02136918716132641, 0.3066382110118866, 0.457027792930603, 0.16655978560447693, 0.44779953360557556, 0.2527649402618408, 0.4206545948982239, 0.3156641721725464, 0.22048723697662354, 0.054567284882068634, 0.19849112629890442, 0.0008469267631880939 ]

[ "Q:\n\nОшибка - uninitialized constant Devise::Test (NameError) при прохождении теста\n\nЗдравствуйте, при прохождении теста возникает ошибка uninitialized constant Devise::Test (NameError).", "\nВ файл spec_hepler и rails_helper добавил строчки:\n config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers, type: :controller\n config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers, type: :view\n\nТест:\nrequire 'spec_helper'\ninclude Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers\nRSpec.describe CommentsController do\n\ndescribe \"create action\" do\n@user = User.where(email: \"123123@test.com\")\nsign_in @user\n\nit \"redirect to place_path if place is save\" do\n post :create, comment: { body: \"Comment test body\", user_id: 1 }\n response.should redirect_to place_path(assigns(:comment))\nend\n\nit \"redirect to rot_path if validation fail\" do\n post :create, comment: { body: \"\", user_id: 1 }\n response.should redirect_to root_path\nend\n\nend\nend\n\nRspec - 3.4.4\nDevise - 4.1.0\nspec_helper\nENV[\"RAILS_ENV\"] ||= 'test'\nrequire File.expand_path(\"../../config/environment\", __FILE__)\nrequire 'rspec/rails'\nrequire 'rspec/autorun'\nRSpec.configure do |config|\n\n config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods\n config.raise_errors_for_deprecations!", "\n config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!", "\n config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers, type: :controller\n config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers, type: :view\n\n config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|\n expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true\n end\n config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|\n mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true\n end\nend\n\nA:\n\nОшибку исправил использовав документацию, для нужной версии Devise.", "\nСтрочки в speck_helper:\n config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers, type: :controller\n config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers, type: :view\n\nЗаменил на:\n config.include Devise::TestHelpers, type: :controller\n config.include Devise::TestHelpers, type: :view\n\nТак же в самом тесте\n include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers\n\nЗаменил на \n include Devise::TestHelpers\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0011492266785353422, 0.0016087605617940426, 0.0023178437259048223, 0.0009203131776303053, 0.0032854380551725626 ]

[ "Vocational, social, and cognitive rehabilitation for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia: a review of recent research and trends.", "\nA growing body of evidence suggests that social and vocational interventions effectively enhance social and vocational functioning for individuals with schizophrenia. ", "In this review, we first consider recent advances in vocational and social rehabilitation, then examine current findings on neurocognition, social cognition, and motivation with regard to the impact these elements have on rehabilitation interventions and outcomes. ", "A critical evaluation of recent studies examining standalone treatment approaches and hybrid approaches that integrate components such as cognitive remediation and skills training reveals several ongoing challenges within the field. ", "Greater understanding of the differential impact of various approaches, methods that may increase the magnitude of treatment effects, and the generalization of treatment effects to community functioning are among crucial areas for future research. ", "Overall, these treatments hold promise in improving psychosocial functioning and helping individuals with schizophrenia acquire important life skills." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006463110912591219, 0.0010423283092677593, 0.0005483234999701381, 0.0005227206274867058, 0.0005249292589724064, 0.0034787298645824194 ]

[ "Q:\n\nPreloading an m3u8 video in HTML with \n\nI'm using the <link rel=\"preload\"> attribute to preload my video for faster playback.", "\nBut my video is an .m3u8 file, which is a playlist file that links to several chunked .ts files. ", "\nIn order to successfully preload my video, should I link to the playlist file\n<link rel=\"preload\" as=\"video\" href=\"https://cdn.com/file.m3u8\">\n\nor\nlink to the source files like so:\n<link rel=\"preload\" as=\"video\" href=\"https://cdn.com/file1.ts\">\n<link rel=\"preload\" as=\"video\" href=\"https://cdn.com/file2.ts\">\n<link rel=\"preload\" as=\"video\" href=\"https://cdn.com/file3.ts\">\n\nA:\n\nYou should link to the m3u8 from a <video> tag, because you want the browser to determine at runtime what bandwidth the user can support to stream.", "\nIf your m3u8 is correctly formed and indicates that it's a VOD file (as opposed to a live stream) then some browsers will attempt to preload segments from a - better to use their logic in most cases.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006541552720591426, 0.0007660715491510928, 0.0009516829159110785, 0.0007509555434808135, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "LTR 20,000pts\n\n20,000 Points\n\nArtisan Crafter\n\nIncreases the quality and value of inventions and sculptors.", "\n\nBorn to Cook\n\nSignificantly increases the value of all meals cooked regardless of the Sim's cooking skill.", "\n\nCarefree\n\nIncreases the gain rate of the Fun meter. ", "The loss rate is unaffected, so having the Sim do a \"work hard\"-type job strategy will still make the Sim stress out just as fast; he'll be able to recover faster, however.", "\n\nExtraordinAIRe-Inator\n\nPermanently adds buffs to your home just for Sims who breathe the same air.", "\n\nFearless Voyager\n\nIncreases the reward from this Sim being sent on tour as a performer. ", "Rewards only increase when the Sim's tour is allowed to fully complete.", "\n\nHover Bed\n\nLong Distance Friend\n\nRelationships are never downgraded from Friend to Distant Friend. ", "However, relationships can still decay (assuming you don't also have the Charismatic challenges fulfilled), and a Friend can be downgraded to Acquaintance if it decays long enough.", "\n\nMap to the Stars\n\nThe location of every celebrity's home is listed on Map View, regardless of whether your Sim actually knows the celebrity.", "\n\nMid-Life Crisis\n\nAllows the Sim to change all five of his traits. ", "This reward is repeatable. ", "Not to be confused with adults' Mid-Life Crises introduced in Generations.", "\n\nPerfect Host\n\nIncreases the Sim's income (both Lifetime Happiness Points and Simoleons) when hosting another Sim's performer.", "\n\nSuper Green Thumb\n\nIncreases the quality and value of all crops and plants grown, and allows the Sim to revive dead plants." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005952692008577287, 0.0007199404644779861, 0.0007266246248036623, 0.0006813265499658883, 0.0013018343597650528, 0.0005988554330542684, 0.0006595576996915042, 0.0010976216290146112, 0.000707839266397059, 0.0006826603785157204, 0.000858345883898437, 0.0008528417092747986, 0.0005920127150602639, 0.000632993585895747, 0.0006308738957159221 ]

[ "Tumelo Mogale\n\nI Crushed E'M All\n\nthey gossipd behind my back not knwing i hear them. ", "they named and shamed me. ", "they laughd at me coz im different, but i laughd at them coz they all the same. ", "they tried to destroyd the only dream i have." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.06525867432355881, 0.0698690339922905, 0.006978217046707869, 0.006556421052664518 ]

[ "And, because I make this statementDOES NOT mean I'm against immigration!!!YOU ARE WELCOME HERE IN MY COUNTRY.Welcome to come through like everyone else has.", "Get a sponsor!Get a place to lay your head!Get a job!Live byOUR rules!PayYOUR taxes!AndLEARN THE LANGUAGE LIKE ALL OTHERIMMIGRANTS HAVE IN THE PAST!!!AND PLEASE DON'T DEMAND THAT WE HAND OVER OURLIFETIME SAVINGS OF SOCIAL SECURITY\n\nFUNDS TO YOUTO MAKE UP FOR ''YOUR'' LOSSES. ", "If you don't want to forward this for fear of offending someone,ThenYOU'RE PART OF THE PROBLEM! ", "When will AMERICAN'S STOP giving away THEIR RIGHTS???We've gone so far the other way ..\n\nBent over backwards not toOffend anyone. ", "But it seems no one cares about the\n\nNica,\nI agree that we (the U.S.) has a problem with illegal immigrants ...and the vast majority of them are from south of our border.", "\nHowever the whole situation reminds me of kids in an candy store where the owner sticks his head out every half hour and says don't steal my candy. ", "But the owners kids are out on the street giving little bits of candy to the kids.enticing them inside.", "\nOur cities welcome the illegals. ", "They advertise that they'll give them health care, welfare, education. ", "Heck they'll even teach the kids in their native languages. ", "We have never gotten serious about border patrol and so thousands cross that border every year. ", "They go where the 'free candy' is. ", "And who can blame them?", "\nI agree we have a huge problem, but our governments (city, state and federal) are all sending mixed messages. ", "They will not come down on the illegals. ", "We live in a country where the illegals staged a public protest and not one of them was arrested. ", "So frustrating.", "\n\nTotally agree. ", "Seems most people are just so tied up in 'their' lives they don't want to become involved, and as long as we, and that's all of us, make it comfortable for the illegals with all the free stuff and handouts, nothing is going to change. ", "Like you say, very frustrating, and very sad. ", "I really feel sorry for \"all\" our kids and grandchildren. ", "Their going to have it rough.", "\n\nNot one word about the AMERICAN EMPLOYERS who draw them here? ", "You are looking at consequences when you should be looking for causes.", "\n\nIf you don't forward this rant you are part of the problem??? ", "This is pure election year grandstanding when it misses the mark that far. ", "You left out the part about who is going to save us from this menace. ", "Or is it intended to just describe your hopelessness, and end there? ", "You want everyone to feel as powerless as you?", "\n\nIts not an attempt to describe the problem and start on a solution. ", "The solution is to turn off the attractiveness of JOBS in the US, and you have to get the employers under control to do that. ", "Show me a politician with that in his platform.", "\n\nNot one word about the AMERICAN EMPLOYERS who draw them here? ", "You are looking at consequences when you should be looking for causes.", "\n\nIf you don't forward this rant you are part of the problem??? ", "This is pure election year grandstanding when it misses the mark that far. ", "You left out the part about who is going to save us from this menace. ", "Or is it intended to just describe your hopelessness, and end there? ", "You want everyone to feel as powerless as you?", "\n\nIts not an attempt to describe the problem and start on a solution. ", "The solution is to turn off the attractiveness of JOBS in the US, and you have to get the employers under control to do that. ", "Show me a politician with that in his platform.", "\n\nWow. ", "Sorry I even posted. ", "It was in an email and I thought it was interesting.", "\n\nI'll go stick my head in the sand...... I really don't know who is going to save us. ", "Once again...sorry I ruffeled your feathers....I promise I won't do it again!", "\n\nWe're talking about what sucks illegals across the border, and what will slow it down. ", "Part of the pull is from American employers.", "\n\nBut I don't think any of them recruit illegal hydraulic designers.", "\n\nThanks for playing.", "\n\nJust because the Coyotes are the personnel department managers and the salaries are 6 digits...H1Bs are just fancy illegals...and those jobs are much more expensive to lose than gardeners and clothing assemblers...\nBecause at some point these H1Bs go home and take their knowledge of US advanced technologies with them...\n\nSounds like those professional engineers visiting on legitimate H1B visas would fall under the following welcome:\n\nQuote:\n\nYOU ARE WELCOME HERE IN MY COUNTRY.Welcome to come through like everyone else has.", "Get a sponsor!Get a place to lay your head!Get a job!Live byOUR rules!PayYOUR taxes!AndLEARN THE LANGUAGE LIKE ALL OTHERIMMIGRANTS HAVE IN THE PAST!!!", "\n\n(and if they are from India they already speak English adequately)\n\nrather than\n\nQuote:\n\nAND PLEASE DON'T DEMAND THAT WE HAND OVER OURLIFETIME SAVINGS OF SOCIAL SECURITY\n\nFUNDS TO YOUTO MAKE UP FOR ''YOUR'' LOSSES.", "\n\nBut I think my point is valid: If you don't want the professional engineers here competing for jobs, the way to control that is to control the employers who sponsor them and guarantee them a job.", "\n\nH1Bs are just fancy illegals...and those jobs are much more expensive to lose than gardeners and clothing assemblers...\n\nAs a former H1-B, L1-B, and TN Visa holder and now a Permanent Resident I think you are being unfair to lump LEGAL immigrants in with illegals.", "\n\nH1-B immigrants still have to prove that they are qualified and in most cases are supposed to be getting paid the market wage. ", "I was actually paid well above market wages when I was on my H1-B.\n\nIf you don't like LEGAL immigrants then get the rules changes. ", "The H1-B immigrants aren't usually the ones breaking any laws. ", "If anything the employers that may be paying the H1-B immigrants below market wages are the ones breaking the laws.", "\n\nIf you compare the numbers between LEGAL immigrants (specifically H1-B) and ILLEGAL immigrants then there is no comparison. ", "There are only something like 65,000-165,000 H1-B Visas available each year. ", "A large portion of those don't stay past the 4-6 years period.", "\n\nIf anything the H1-B immigrant is the type of immigrant you want to encourage to stay. ", "They are educated, motivated, pay taxes, employed, and usually come here because they like the US and want to live here.", "\n\nIf anything the H1-B immigrant is the type of immigrant you want to encourage to stay. ", "They are educated, motivated, pay taxes, employed, and usually come here because they like the US and want to live here.", "\n\nI'm with you on this one - I have 2 immigrants working in my office as janitors because their restaurant was seized by eminent domain to put in a bunch of trendy, overpriced, butt-ugly apartments 1 block away from the local college. ", "They work for an American company on contract with ours - contract was a competitive bid process - and required KBI & FBI background checks. ", "They've come to me to make sure it was OK to take the time off from work to go get their visa's renewed, one speaks fluent English, the other is going to night school to learn. ", "I have no problem whatsoever with someone following the rules to work here in the states.", "\n\n__________________Erikaddicted to tools and looking for excuses to feed my habit." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.003405498107895255, 0.7137216329574585, 0.18980489671230316, 0.005077066365629435, 0.0016256821108981967, 0.017267681658267975, 0.006865562871098518, 0.004691186361014843, 0.003246511332690716, 0.0326978862285614, 0.0006915592821314931, 0.0009458326385356486, 0.0037029737140983343, 0.0005702684284187853, 0.0035461243242025375, 0.001945734373293817, 0.0010729576461017132, 0.0006221276707947254, 0.000898746948223561, 0.0007845586515031755, 0.000600113533437252, 0.002121571684256196, 0.0007927169790491462, 0.0015896291006356478, 0.29968205094337463, 0.0009222785593010485, 0.0021345599088817835, 0.07207609713077545, 0.04660379886627197, 0.0008011956233531237, 0.000707264814991504, 0.0007226979359984398, 0.0007927169790491462, 0.0015896291006356478, 0.29968205094337463, 0.0009222785593010485, 0.0021345599088817835, 0.07207609713077545, 0.04660379886627197, 0.0008011956233531237, 0.000707264814991504, 0.0007226979359984398, 0.0009979959577322006, 0.0006725759012624621, 0.0005636530695483088, 0.19018633663654327, 0.01457301713526249, 0.7978585362434387, 0.0008619459695182741, 0.0006396467215381563, 0.000604296859819442, 0.001047935918904841, 0.8419866561889648, 0.0008494899957440794, 0.0006338493549264967, 0.02706887573003769, 0.0010991640156134963, 0.001023984863422811, 0.0010814216220751405, 0.0007480796193704009, 0.0006049970397725701, 0.0006488272920250893, 0.0006299143424257636, 0.00072186638135463, 0.0022950582206249237, 0.00072186638135463, 0.0022950582206249237, 0.017532367259263992, 0.000550515076611191, 0.0008838733774609864, 0.0007072957814671099, 0.008372923359274864 ]

[ "Hangbu River\n\nThe Hangbu () is a river of Feixi County, Anhui province, China. ", "It originates on the north slope of the Dabie Mountains and is the largest of 33 tributaries of Lake Chaohu. ", "The river flows into its western bank in a northeasterly direction and flows through the township of Sanhe. ", "Longhekou Reservoir was built on the river in 1958.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Rivers of Anhui" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0009309735032729805, 0.0008136072428897023, 0.0006945218774490058, 0.0006417218246497214, 0.0006046001799404621 ]

[ "I even came up a Soarinjack OC the minute I saw your fanart, are you proud of yourself? (", "'Cause you should, I wqas running out of ideas of who to pair Applejack with in a next gen series I'm planning, thanks" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.00410447595641017, 0.001303069293498993 ]

[ "About Us\n\nJML was founded in 1989 by Vince Adamo with the aspiration of becoming a leader in the industry.", "\n\nBefore founding JML, Vince was the Southern Ontario Senior Supervisor for Dylex, a clothing giant who operated brands such as Fairweather, Harry Rosen, Bi-Way, Tip Top Tailors, and many other chains under its umbrella. ", "His years of experience allowed him to deliver the type of service which made most competitors conform to our standards.", "\n\nIn 2004, the Hamilton-Wentworth Catholic District School Board initiated a school uniform policy for all students. ", "JML was chosen as the exclusive supplier for a number of those schools. ", "JML currently provides school uniforms to more than 10,000 students in the greater Hamilton area. ", "With our latest appointment as one of the official school uniform suppliers for the H.W.D.S.B., JML is poised to become the driving force behind school uniforms in Hamilton and area. ", "JML Uniforms supplies uniforms, team-wear, spirit-wear, and staff clothing to 5 school boards in Ontario. ", "We also supply clothing for McMaster University, University of Toronto, Guelph University, and numerous other corporations." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006016704719513655, 0.0007404040079563856, 0.0006026148330420256, 0.0006730539025738835, 0.0005477668601088226, 0.0008829680155031383, 0.0007273770170286298, 0.0005853229085914791, 0.0007583140395581722 ]

[ "Haven Liquor License Petition\n\nThe Haven is currently in the process of applying for a Liquor License from the City of Boston. ", "You can do your bit and help us by signing the online petition below or stopping by and signing our physical copy in the restaurant.", "\nAfter Six years we feel we would like to offer the City Scotch in a Scottish Bar! ", "The only one in the City too!http://bit.do/Haven_license" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006611921708099544, 0.0007172258337959647, 0.0006684513064101338, 0.001812774338759482 ]

[ "Monday, May 9, 2011\n\nMother's Day Card\n\nThis is the card I made for my mom. ", "The little boy is supposed to represent my son and the little girl is my niece. ", "My mom is supposed to be the one in the middle. ", "I made this card using the Cricut Car Decals cartridge and all the materials were from SU! ", "Thanks for looking!", "\n\n2 comments:\n\nWOW! ", "Your blog is one of my favorites!! ", "As a matter of fact, this card was inpired by all the wonderful cards you have made using the Car Decals Cart. ", "You enabled me to buy it, hahahaha. ", "I just went to your wonderful blog and found out I won a stamp set. ", "Thanks you just made my day.", "\n\nAbout Me\n\nWelcome to my blog!I am into card making, stamping, knitting, and crafts in general. ", "It all started on Christmas 2008 when my dear husband bought me a Cricut. ", "Since then, I have been collecting all sort of gadgets, stamps, paper, paper and more paper.", "\n\nThanks for visiting. ", "Hope you enjoy my blog.", "\n\nDesign Team\n\n- Former DT Member (August - November 2012):\n- Former DT Member (July - October 2011):" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.005336549133062363, 0.0017348378896713257, 0.04773383215069771, 0.001011653570458293, 0.0006095855496823788, 0.000702178105711937, 0.02555955946445465, 0.000693593465257436, 0.001312685082666576, 0.0006297120708040893, 0.0007328496431000531, 0.0007625078433193266, 0.001348185003735125, 0.0006314998026937246, 0.0005527233588509262, 0.0006293230107985437, 0.0005749861593358219 ]

[ "Shepherd Murape\n\nShepherd Murape is a Zimbabwean football player and manager who currently manages South African club Magesi.", "\n\nCareer\nMurape played club football for Harare side Dynamos F.C. and for the Zimbabwe national football team.", "\n\nIn 1976, he became a player-manager for Dynamos, and helped lead the club to several league titles. ", "He went on to manage newly formed Black Rhinos F.C. in 1983.", "\n\nMurape has had stints with QwaQwa Stars F.C., Real Rovers F.C., AmaZulu F.C., Moroka Swallows F.C., Black Leopards F.C., Orlando Pirates F.C. and Manning Rangers F.C. in South Africa. ", "He led Blue Waters F.C. to the Nambian league title in 2004.", "\n\nMurape managed the Zimbabwe national football team during 1981. ", "In 1994, he became the first person to manage Namibia national football team following its independence.", "\n\nMurape was appointed manager of South African National First Division club Magesi in October 2016.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Zimbabwean footballers\nCategory:Zimbabwe international footballers\nCategory:Zimbabwean football managers\nCategory:Zimbabwe national football team managers\nCategory:Namibia national football team managers\nCategory:Association footballers not categorized by position\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)\nCategory:Zimbabwean expatriate football managers" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0012409744085744023, 0.0009278073557652533, 0.0008313087746500969, 0.011891393922269344, 0.002035709097981453, 0.0008939449908211827, 0.0007179658277891576, 0.0006290112505666912, 0.0008785536629147828, 0.000618576945271343 ]

[ "\n644 N.E.2d 168 (1994)\nCharles J. MIKEL, Jr., Appellant-Plaintiff,\nv.\nAMERICAN AMBASSADOR CASUALTY CO., ", "Appellee-Defendant.", "\nNo. ", "18A02-9403-CV-120.", "\nCourt of Appeals of Indiana, First District.", "\nDecember 13, 1994.", "\n*169 Donald K. McClellan, McClellan, McClellan, Brooke & Arnold, Muncie, for appellant.", "\nJohn B. Drummy, James W. Roehrdanz, Eric D. Johnson, Kightlinger & Gray, Indianapolis, for appellee.", "\n\nOPINION\nNAJAM, Judge.", "\n\nSTATEMENT OF THE CASE\nCharles J. Mikel, Jr. appeals from a judgment in favor of his insurer, American Ambassador Casualty Co., in a declaratory judgment action Mikel brought to establish coverage under his policy with American Ambassador and to recover his attorney's fees in prosecuting the action. ", "American Ambassador initially denied coverage for Mikel's newly-purchased automobile which was involved in an accident. ", "After Mikel filed suit and after further investigation of the claim, American Ambassador granted coverage but refused to pay Mikel's attorney's fees. ", "Mikel asserted he was entitled to recover attorney's fees under specific language in his American Ambassador policy. ", "The trial court disagreed and entered judgment for American Ambassador.", "\nWe affirm.", "\n\nISSUE\nThe issue presented is whether an insured is entitled to recover attorney's fees incurred in a declaratory judgment action brought by the insured to establish coverage where (1) the insured prevails in the coverage dispute and (2) the policy states that the insurer will pay all reasonable expenses \"incurred at our request.\"", "\n\n\n*170 DISCUSSION AND DECISION\n\nStandard of Review\nThe provisions of an insurance contract are subject to the same rules of construction as are other contracts. ", "Selleck v. Westfield Ins. ", "Co. (1993), Ind. App., ", "617 N.E.2d 968, 970, trans. ", "denied. ", "Accordingly, the construction of American Ambassador's policy presents a pure question of law that we review de novo. ", "See George S. May Int'l Co. v. King (1994), Ind. App., ", "629 N.E.2d 257, 260, trans. ", "denied.", "\n\nAttorney's Fees\nUnder the American Rule for recovery of attorney's fees, the parties to litigation are required to pay their own attorney's fees, absent an agreement, statute or rule to the contrary. ", "Johnson v. Sprague (1993), Ind. App., ", "614 N.E.2d 585, 590. ", "The basis for Mikel's attorney's fees claim is the following language in American Ambassador's policy:\nIn addition to our limit of liability, we will pay on behalf of a covered person:\n* * * * * *\n5. ", "Other reasonable expenses incurred at our request.", "\n\nRecord at 19 (emphasis added). ", "Mikel argues that American Ambassador mistakenly denied coverage and, thus, should be required to pay his attorney's fees incurred in establishing coverage. ", "Mikel essentially asks that we construe the phrase \"expenses incurred at our request\" to include expenses incurred in litigation brought by the insured for a declaration of coverage after the insurer has denied coverage.", "\n\nA. Plain and Ordinary Meaning\nThe term \"request\" is not defined in American Ambassador's policy with Mikel. ", "There is no rule of construction that every term in an insurance contract must be defined. ", "Harden v. Monroe Guaranty Ins. ", "Co. (1993), Ind. App., ", "626 N.E.2d 814, 817, trans. ", "denied. ", "Rather, in interpreting an insurance contract we give undefined terms their plain and ordinary meaning. ", "Terre Haute First Nat. ", "Bank v. Pacific Employers Ins. ", "Co. (1993), Ind. App., ", "634 N.E.2d 1336, 1338.", "\nThis court has previously defined \"request\" as meaning \"to ask for, not to compel through legal action.\" ", "Gohn v. Akron School (1990), Ind. App., ", "562 N.E.2d 1291, 1292; accord American Heritage Dictionary at 1105 (1981) (\"1. ", "To ask for ... 2. ", "To ask (a person) to do something\"). ", "Here, American Ambassador did not ask Mikel to incur attorney's fees when it denied coverage. ", "While Mikel's only recourse was to file suit, in the course of which he incurred attorney's fees, American Ambassador's denial of coverage did not constitute a \"request\" that Mikel incur such fees. ", "Cf. ", "Gohn, 562 N.E.2d at 1292 (school which filed suit against parents for unpaid textbook fees did not request payment under statute authorizing school to \"request\" unpaid fees from parents). ", "According to the plain and ordinary meaning of that term, we conclude American Ambassador did not request that Mikel incur attorney's fees.", "\n\nB. Other Jurisdictions\nMikel cites decisions from other jurisdictions which have considered the question presented here. ", "However, we agree with American Ambassador that those cases are distinguishable and do not apply to the instant case.", "\nIt is true that in many of the opinions relied upon by Mikel, the court considered insurance contracts which, like American Ambassador's policy with Mikel, contained a provision that the insurer shall pay all expenses incurred by the insured at the insurer's request. ", "Nevertheless, nine of those cases are inapposite because they all involve claims by the insured for attorney's fees where, unlike in the present case, the insurer rather than the insured instituted a declaratory judgment action. ", "See American States Ins. ", "Co. v. Angstman Motors, Inc. (D.Mont. ", "1972), 343 F. Supp. ", "576; Allstate Ins. ", "Co. v. Robins (1979), 42 Colo. App. ", "539, 597 P.2d 1052; Occidental Fire & Casualty Co. v. Cook (1967), 92 Idaho 7, 435 P.2d 364; Upland Mut. ", "Ins., ", "Inc. v. Noel (1974), 214 Kan. 145, 519 P.2d 737; Bankers & Shippers Ins. ", "Co. v. Electro Enterprises, Inc. (1980), 287 Md. 641, 415 A.2d 278; Security Mut. ", "Casualty Co. v. Luthi (1975), 303 Minn. 161, 226 N.W.2d 878; Hegler v. Gulf Ins. ", "Co. (1978), *171 270 S.C. 548, 243 S.E.2d 443; Farmers Ins. ", "Co. v. Rees (1982), 96 Wash.2d 679, 638 P.2d 580; see also Milwaukee Mechanics Ins. ", "Co. v. Davis (5th Cir.1952), 198 F.2d 441 (applying Georgia law).[1]\nBecause Mikel and not American Ambassador brought suit for a declaration of coverage, American Ambassador's mere denial of Mikel's claim does not constitute a \"request\" under the policy language that he incur expense in the form of attorney's fees. ", "This is not a case where the insurer rather than the insured brings a declaratory judgment action, and the insured is forced to defend and prevails. ", "Some courts have held under such circumstances that the insurer \"requested\" that the insured incur attorney's fees.[2]See, e.g., Robins, 597 P.2d at 1053; Cook, 435 P.2d at 368; Upland Mut., ", "519 P.2d at 743; Security Mut., ", "226 N.W.2d at 884-85.", "\nOnly one case relied upon by Mikel involved an insured's claim for attorney's fees incurred in a declaratory judgment action where the insured rather than the insurer brought the action. ", "In Kelmo Enterprises, Inc. v. Commercial Union Ins. ", "Co. (1981), 285 Pa.Super. ", "13, 426 A.2d 680, the insurer refused to defend the insured in a tort action on the ground that the tort claim was not covered under the policy. ", "Id. at 16-17, 426 A.2d at 681-82. ", "The insured filed a declaratory judgment action and prevailed, and the trial court awarded the insured its attorney's fees in the action. ", "Id. at 17, 426 A.2d at 682. ", "The appellate court held:\nan insured who is compelled to bring a declaratory judgment action to establish his insurer's duty to defend an action brought by a third party may recover his attorneys' fees incurred in the declaratory judgment action if the insurer has, in bad faith, refused to defend the action brought by the third party.", "\nId. at 24, 426 A.2d at 685 (emphasis added). ", "The appellate court affirmed the award of attorney's fees to the insured because the trial court specifically found that the insurer's refusal to defend was in bad faith. ", "Id.\nThe decision in Kelmo is distinguishable from the present case on two crucial points. ", "First, the court's opinion makes it clear that attorney's fees may be awarded against the insurer under the foregoing circumstances only when the insurer has acted in bad faith. ", "The insurer's liability for attorney's fees is derived from a bad faith breach of its contractual duty to defend the insured. ", "Id. Second, the court in Kelmo did not consider the issue raised by Mikel in this case: whether, absent bad faith, the insurer is liable for attorney's fees in a suit by the insured where a policy provision states the insurer will pay all expenses incurred at the insurer's request.", "\nMikel has not alleged that American Ambassador acted in bad faith when it initially refused to provide him coverage under the policy. ", "Moreover, Mikel's claim for attorney's fees is based upon language in American Ambassador's policy which provided that it would pay Mikel all expenses reasonably incurred at its request. ", "Thus, the Kelmo decision does not control our resolution of this appeal.", "\nFinally, Mikel relies upon the reasoning espoused in Appleman's treatise on insurance law which is prominent in many of the above-mentioned cases from other jurisdictions. ", "See 7C Appleman, Insurance Law and Practice § 4691 (1979). ", "Appleman states:\n\n*172 After all, the insurer had contracted to defend the insured, and it failed to do so. ", "It guessed wrong as to its duty, and should be compelled to bear the consequences thereof... . [", "A rule that the insured may not recover attorney's fees] would actually amount to permitting the insurer to do by indirection that which it could not do directly. ", "That is, the insured has a contract right to have actions against him defended by the insurer, at its expense. ", "If the insurer can force him into a declaratory judgment proceeding and, even though it loses in such action, compel him to bear the expense of such litigation, the insured is actually no better off financially than if he had never had the contract right mentioned above.", "\n7C id. § 4691, at 283.", "\nHowever, Appleman's commentary is inapposite. ", "It is apparent from the text preceding the above-quoted observations that the author is referring to an insurer's liability for its insured's attorney's fees when the insurer, not the insured, institutes a declaratory action and does not prevail. ", "7C id. § 4691, at 281. ", "Further, the rationale for this commentary is not based on a policy provision which authorizes recovery of expenses incurred by the insured at the insurer's request. ", "Appleman's treatise instead suggests that, notwithstanding a basis in the policy language, the insured's recovery of attorney's fees is justified by the insurer's breach of its contractual duty to defend the insured. ", "7C id. § 4691, at 282-83. ", "Thus, on this point Appleman's criticism is not persuasive because, even if the rule followed in Kelmo Enterprises, Inc. v. Commercial Union Ins. ", "Co. applied in this case, under that rule a claim for attorney's fees based on a breach of contract theory requires bad faith by the insurer. ", "See Kelmo, at 24, 426 A.2d at 685.", "\nWe hold that when the insured brings an action for a declaration of coverage and prevails, absent a bad faith denial of coverage by the insurer, attorney's fees incurred by the insured in the prosecution of that action are not incurred at the \"request\" of the insurer. ", "Our holding is consistent with the long-standing rule in Indiana that the insurer may dispute claims in good faith. ", "See Erie Ins. ", "Co. v. Hickman (1993), Ind., 622 N.E.2d 515, 520. \"[", "T]he insurer is permitted to dispute its liability in good faith because of the prohibitive social costs of a rule which would make claims nondisputable.", "\"[3]Id. (", "quoting Vernon Fire & Casualty Ins. ", "Co. v. Sharp (1976), 264 Ind. 599, 609-10, 349 N.E.2d 173, 181).", "\n\nC. The Insured's Claim\nThe relevant facts of this case are undisputed. ", "On November 11, 1992, Mikel was involved in an automobile accident while driving a vehicle he had recently purchased. ", "Two days later, Mikel notified his insurer, American Ambassador, that he had purchased the vehicle on November 9, 1992. ", "American Ambassador conducted an initial investigation of Mikel's November 11 accident and discovered from an examination of the vehicle's certificate of title that Mikel had purchased it on January 19, 1990. ", "American Ambassador then denied coverage for the vehicle under Mikel's policy because (1) the vehicle was not shown in the policy Declarations and (2) Mikel did not request that American Ambassador insure the vehicle within 30 days after he became the owner.[4]\nMikel subsequently filed this action seeking a declaration of coverage. ", "Upon further inquiry into the vehicle's chain of title, American Ambassador could not ascertain whether Mikel had actually purchased the vehicle in 1990 instead of in November of 1992. ", "Nevertheless, during the pendency of Mikel's declaratory judgment action, American Ambassador granted his request for coverage but refused to pay attorney's fees incurred in the suit.", "\nThere is no question that according to the plain and ordinary meaning of the term, American Ambassador did not \"request\" that Mikel file his declaratory judgment action. *", "173 Mikel, not American Ambassador, brought this suit. ", "It follows that American Ambassador did not request that he incur attorney's fees in prosecuting the action.", "\nFurther, Mikel has not alleged, nor does the evidence establish, that American Ambassador acted in bad faith when it initially denied Mikel's request for coverage of his newly-purchased vehicle. ", "American Ambassador merely disputed in good faith whether the vehicle was covered under Mikel's policy after examining what appeared to be an erroneous certificate of title.", "\nAccordingly, absent a policy provision authorizing recovery of attorney's fees, and absent bad faith by American Ambassador, Mikel may not recover his attorney's fees in this action. ", "Mikel must pay his own fees pursuant to the American Rule. ", "We conclude that the trial court properly denied Mikel's request for attorney's fees.", "\nThe judgment is affirmed.", "\nFRIEDLANDER and CHEZEM, JJ., ", "concur.", "\nNOTES\n[1] The Supreme Court of Washington has expressly overruled its prior decision in Farmers, holding that \"an award of fees is required in any legal action where the insurer compels the insured to assume the burden of legal action ... regardless of whether the insurer's duty to defend is at issue.\" ", "Olympic Steamship Co. v. Centennial Ins. ", "Co. (1991), 117 Wash.2d 37, 53, 811 P.2d 673, 681. ", "The policy at issue in Olympic Steamship contained a provision similar to the one at issue in this case. ", "In that action the insured brought suit against its insurer to compel coverage and prevailed, although the court did not base its decision on this fact. ", "See id. at 51-53, 811 P.2d at 680-81. ", "However, we decline to follow the rationale in Olympic Steamship that \"allowing an award of attorney's fees will encourage the prompt payment of claims.\" ", "Id. at 53, 811 P.2d at 681. ", "The broad rule in that case does not require bad faith by the insurer and, as discussed below, we believe that insurers should be able to litigate claims in good faith without liability for their insured's attorney's fees.", "\n[2] We are not asked to decide, nor do we decide, whether when the insurer brings a declaratory judgment action and the insured prevails, the insurer has \"requested\" that the insured incur attorney's fees.", "\n[3] Our holding is also consistent with a prevailing party's statutory right to attorney's fees in a civil action where the opposing party has litigated the action in bad faith. ", "See IND. ", "CODE § 34-1-32-1(b)(3).", "\n[4] Under Mikel's American Ambassador policy, his newly-purchased vehicle was a \"covered auto\" only if it satisfied one of these two conditions.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.000691819004714489, 0.0007751597440801561, 0.0013785817427560687, 0.0010812459513545036, 0.0007994975312612951, 0.0007515809847973287, 0.0006979380268603563, 0.0006621266948059201, 0.0007263112929649651, 0.0005889494204893708, 0.0006214090972207487, 0.0007753877434879541, 0.0005781741347163916, 0.0006077334983274341, 0.000588792550843209, 0.0006740446551702917, 0.0006067950162105262, 0.0009314811322838068, 0.0006872790982015431, 0.0008351595024578273, 0.0007974260370247066, 0.0005961583228781819, 0.0006670747534371912, 0.0008118473342619836, 0.0007974260370247066, 0.000622473715338856, 0.0007444165530614555, 0.0009121056064032018, 0.0006614802405238152, 0.000551834236830473, 0.0005911649786867201, 0.0006093377596698701, 0.0006041261367499828, 0.0005838917568325996, 0.0006968602538108826, 0.0008055476355366409, 0.0006872790982015431, 0.0008451789617538452, 0.0007974260370247066, 0.000572343124076724, 0.0007530481670983136, 0.0007669375045225024, 0.0006872790982015431, 0.0009518411825411022, 0.0006503341719508171, 0.0006860956200398505, 0.0006755801732651889, 0.000858607585541904, 0.0007082289084792137, 0.0006910095107741654, 0.0010793738765642047, 0.0007784119225107133, 0.0006880124565213919, 0.0005554968374781311, 0.0005691077676601708, 0.0005662746843881905, 0.0005774774472229183, 0.0006416915566660464, 0.0006878793356008828, 0.0007776823476888239, 0.0008315012091770768, 0.0009023911552503705, 0.0007941240328364074, 0.000761568546295166, 0.0007715221727266908, 0.0007875736337155104, 0.0007254203665070236, 0.0009279918158426881, 0.0008144326275214553, 0.000632976705674082, 0.00072132283821702, 0.000862712156958878, 0.0006343706045299768, 0.0007320591248571873, 0.0007405320648103952, 0.000645556952804327, 0.0007636862574145198, 0.0007604858255945146, 0.000825126247946173, 0.0009128489764407277, 0.0009068875224329531, 0.0009927763603627682, 0.0007938683265820146, 0.0006858598790131509, 0.000758848967961967, 0.000601526815444231, 0.0006395872333087027, 0.0007916398462839425, 0.0006997461896389723, 0.0006949853268451989, 0.0006153821013867855, 0.0006617885665036738, 0.0005960409762337804, 0.000619674741756171, 0.0007019428885541856, 0.000724529440049082, 0.0007284681778401136, 0.001245335559360683, 0.0012824300210922956, 0.0007628661696799099, 0.000636841228697449, 0.00062088284175843, 0.0007807282963767648, 0.0006358411628752947, 0.0006784613360650837, 0.0007091147126629949, 0.0006898482097312808, 0.0006887984345667064, 0.0006718452204950154, 0.0006787995807826519, 0.0005779507337138057, 0.0006883554742671549, 0.0007148293661884964, 0.0011080370750278234, 0.0016332243103533983, 0.0007907391409389675, 0.0007582370308227837, 0.000684826634824276, 0.0006893519894219935, 0.0005863257101736963, 0.0005605964106507599, 0.0006327396840788424, 0.000563724257517606, 0.0007105091353878379, 0.0005829789442941546, 0.0006857331027276814, 0.0006441842415370047, 0.0006180871860124171, 0.0005924479337409139, 0.0005956718814559281, 0.002330996096134186, 0.0005801121587865055, 0.0005981962895020843, 0.0008673397824168205, 0.0006776442169211805, 0.0006395527743734419, 0.0007429272518493235, 0.0008102016290649772, 0.0005862932885065675, 0.000806531636044383, 0.0006248712888918817, 0.000590464158449322, 0.0008274347055703402, 0.0006445106700994074, 0.0006540209287777543, 0.0007046627579256892, 0.0008600815781392157, 0.0007173092453740537, 0.0005937070236541331, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "---\ntitle: \"sharedPCAccountManagerPolicy resource type\"\ndescription: \"SharedPC Account Manager Policy. ", "Only applies when the account manager is enabled.\"", "\nauthor: \"dougeby\"\nlocalization_priority: Normal\nms.prod: \"intune\"\ndoc_type: resourcePageType\n---\n\n# sharedPCAccountManagerPolicy resource type\n\nNamespace: microsoft.graph\n\n> **Important:** Microsoft Graph APIs under the /beta version are subject to change; production use is not supported.", "\n\n> **Note:** The Microsoft Graph API for Intune requires an [active Intune license](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=839381) for the tenant.", "\n\nSharedPC Account Manager Policy. ", "Only applies when the account manager is enabled.", "\n\n## Properties\n|Property|Type|Description|\n|:---|:---|:---|\n|accountDeletionPolicy|[sharedPCAccountDeletionPolicyType](../resources/intune-deviceconfig-sharedpcaccountdeletionpolicytype.md)|Configures when accounts are deleted. ", "Possible values are: `immediate`, `diskSpaceThreshold`, `diskSpaceThresholdOrInactiveThreshold`.|\n|cacheAccountsAboveDiskFreePercentage|Int32|Sets the percentage of available disk space a PC should have before it stops deleting cached shared PC accounts. ", "Only applies when AccountDeletionPolicy is DiskSpaceThreshold or DiskSpaceThresholdOrInactiveThreshold. ", "Valid values 0 to 100|\n|inactiveThresholdDays|Int32|Specifies when the accounts will start being deleted when they have not been logged on during the specified period, given as number of days. ", "Only applies when AccountDeletionPolicy is DiskSpaceThreshold or DiskSpaceThresholdOrInactiveThreshold.|\n|removeAccountsBelowDiskFreePercentage|Int32|Sets the percentage of disk space remaining on a PC before cached accounts will be deleted to free disk space. ", "Accounts that have been inactive the longest will be deleted first. ", "Only applies when AccountDeletionPolicy is DiskSpaceThresholdOrInactiveThreshold. ", "Valid values 0 to 100|\n\n## Relationships\nNone\n\n## JSON Representation\nHere is a JSON representation of the resource.", "\n<!-- {", "\n \"blockType\": \"resource\",\n \"@odata.type\": \"microsoft.graph.sharedPCAccountManagerPolicy\"\n}\n-->\n``` json\n{\n \"@odata.type\": \"#microsoft.graph.sharedPCAccountManagerPolicy\",\n \"accountDeletionPolicy\": \"String\",\n \"cacheAccountsAboveDiskFreePercentage\": 1024,\n \"inactiveThresholdDays\": 1024,\n \"removeAccountsBelowDiskFreePercentage\": 1024\n}\n```\n\n\n\n\n\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0006657851045019925, 0.0006201300420798361, 0.0007034611189737916, 0.0006466884515248239, 0.0007236999808810651, 0.0006805328885093331, 0.0008528420585207641, 0.0007555020856671035, 0.001141241635195911, 0.0006341387052088976, 0.0011688960948958993, 0.0006239241920411587, 0.0012661133660003543, 0.0007141191745176911, 0.0015868102200329304, 0.000903867359738797 ]

[ "Archive for September 12th, 2008\n\nI’m thinking this little update is going to steer pretty darned far away from my usual approach to blogging; Accounting for those of you who might not have noticed, I tend to enjoy blending a sort of theme in to most of the writing I do, and the artists whose tracks I post generally have a place within that theme. ", "In the last couple weeks, however, I’ve begun to find myself stumped and at a loss for some kind of container with which to unite the massive of influx of artists about whom I’d thoroughly enjoy to post, and as such, you my friends have almost certainly been subjected to a serious lack of variety.", "\n\nNot to worry, though. ", "I’ve come up with a universally likable solution, and it goes something like this:\n\nI’m going to proceed to load every last piece of gnarly, pelvic-motion-inducing disco into my hypothetical shotgun, which I will then aim at some hypothetical object that people normally shoot with shotguns (be it birds, bucks, or Master Chiefs) and pull the trigger; Assuming everything goes according to plan, over the next day or two, you chilluns should be left with a scattered mess of banging beats with which you may do as you please, and with a little luck, we should all be rubbing up against something attractive within *checks watch* twenty six minutes.", "\n\nMy first guest is no doubt already quite familiar to you, the party goers. ", "Probably due to the fact that he’s practically invented his own personal genre (or maybe just because of his easily spotted, giant, red head), Deadmau5 has been seen in just about every festival in every city in every country over the last six months or so, and I don’t think anyone’s complaining. ", "The Canadian electro genius has somehow bolstered up his sounds to the point where the drop beats of his songs sometimes leave me wondering whether or not it really was a kick drum, and not an aluminum baseball bat, that knocked me so readily onto my behind, and as if that isn’t enough to keep the electro heads bouncing back for more, his mixes are frequently topped off with squeaking blips, beeps and whoops that fully complete the transformation from digital bits to a percussive sensory bliss. ", "Naturally, I’ll include his latest work (which you may have heard at events like The Coachella Music Festival in April of this year), however, I do recommend a catalogue search on this fellow: The reward is far from cheesy. (", "Gaha ha ha!)", "\n\nAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. ", "Download the latest version here. ", "You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.", "\n\nAs weird as it sounds, Justice has indeed returned (although where they’ve returned from I can’t say) with what is probably the first original work they’ve produced since the completion of Cross, and (I wouldn’t be surprised if my standpoint on the track encounters a bit of controversy) I’m going to go ahead and say that these two Frenchies have done it again. ", "I was rather surprised upon a first listen to find that their style, despite having retained a familiar grungy synth sound, has change significantly. ", "It’s almost as if the glitchy repetitive hooks that tied Cross together have been fully replaced by progressive instrumentalism, and pardon me if you don’t quite agree, but I’ve decided that artists among the likes of Metallica simply must have been used as an influence at some point amid the creative process. ", "Regardless, seeing as you currently have the opportunity to be one of the first to grab this track and to be cooler than all your friends, this is something you’ll surely regret missing out on. (", "Again, I’d love to hear what the many Justice fans out there have to say. ", "If you’ve got any sort of opinion, do your fellow hipsters a favor and SPEAK).", "\n\nAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. ", "Download the latest version here. ", "You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.", "\n\nAnd then there’s Kill the Noise, who, in my opinion, are entirely misnamed. ", "In fact, this electronic collective, who have gained a massive amount of popularity in recent history due to their frequent appearances on LA and SF’s MissingToof, should probably have been called something closer to “Fertilize, stimulate, and then provoke the noise so that it becomes an enraged, dance floor fiend“, seeing as their sets are rumored to be consistently and abominably off the hook.", "\n\nEven at that, though, I tend to be reluctant to cover them in my posts, due to their already thorough coverage throughout the rest of the net, however, one of their recent tracks, a funky crossbreed between disco-house and electro appropriately entitled “Pull My Strings” induced a sudden change of heart; I’ve heard many a delicious sample in my day, but there’s no doubt in my mind that Kill the Noise‘s tops the list.", "\n\nTry not to be fooled by the intro…\n\nAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. ", "Download the latest version here. ", "You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.", "\n\nAnd before I let you get to digging in your closet for those dusty tables, I figure you might like to know that the long awaited (And when I say long, I mean long) Bloody Beetroots followup EP has at last been released through the infamous, Dim Mak record label. ", "Though the release does (unfortunately) rely heavily on previously released tracks (Butter, Yeah Boy, I Love the Bloody Beetroots), I can assure you that the entire album if worth collecting simply so that you might enjoy the pure audio wreckage that is Rombo. ", "This psychotic mess of loopy, slidy synths and ridiculous samples (I swear I’m hearing Lil’ Jon, as well as some sort of Disney cartoon character) has been the exclusive prime time backbone of MSTRKRFT and Aoki sets for quite some time now, and (lucky you) the track is now yours to handle. ", "May I suggest rubber gloves and lab goggles? ", "It’s a bit volatile.", "\n\nAudio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. ", "Download the latest version here. ", "You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.00653539365157485, 0.0006066819769330323, 0.0007808971568010747, 0.009548606351017952, 0.0008435866329818964, 0.00197977339848876, 0.0009361369884572923, 0.0031574564054608345, 0.0024437413085252047, 0.0005741838831454515, 0.0006221021758392453, 0.0006726739229634404, 0.0007775934645906091, 0.0006286039715632796, 0.0006634677411057055, 0.0006489259540103376, 0.0006394193042069674, 0.0009891089284792542, 0.0005741838831454515, 0.0006221021758392453, 0.0006726739229634404, 0.13001930713653564, 0.0011650410015136003, 0.0008125532185658813, 0.0006982773193158209, 0.0006221021758392453, 0.0006726739229634404, 0.07815717905759811, 0.0026630342472344637, 0.04696901887655258, 0.0008724539657123387, 0.000830749690067023, 0.0005741838831454515, 0.0006221021758392453, 0.0006726739229634404 ]

[ "Cast acrylic\n\nCast Acrylic is a form of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). ", " It is formed by casting the monomer, methyl methacrylate, mixed with initiators and possibly other additives into a form or mold. ", " Sheet and rod stock are generated by casting into static forms, while tubing is done in rotational molds.", "\n\nAdvantages \n\nIt has better thermal stability, higher resistance to crazing (when a network of very small cracks form) when exposed to solvents, wider thermoforming range than extruded acrylic. ", "Cast acrylic has a better ability to be reworked hot and it is known for its superior surface finish and optical properties. ", "Also cast acrylic is more scratch resistant than extruded acrylic.", "\nCast acrylic is also preferred over extruded in applications that require machinings, such as turning on Engine Lathe or milling/drilling. ", "Extruded acrylic, with far less thermal stability, tends to melt and clog cutting tools. ", "Even with slow speeds and lots of coolants, extruded acrylic does not produce the surface finish and tight tolerances achievable with cast acrylic.", "\n\nProperties \nAdvantages of Acrylic:\nExcellent optical clarity & transparency\nHighly resistant to variations in temperature\nUp to 17 times the impact resistance of ordinary glass\nHalf the weight of glass and ideal for precision machining\nHighly resistant to many different chemicals\nAcrylic (PMMA*) has certain properties making it an ideal material for use in a wide range of applications, including medical, life sciences and food/beverage testing.", "\nPMMA – PolyMethyl MethAcrylate. ", " Crylux, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex are trade names for Acrylic.", "\n\nTechnical specification \nmedical_phantoms_mri_scanners\nMedical Phantoms & Light Guides manufactured from Acrylic.", "\nGeneral Properties: Relative Density 1.19 g/cm3 Rockwell Hardness M 102 Water Absorption -.2% ~Flammability Class 3, (BS 476 pt 7) UL94 HB\nMechanical: Tensile Strength 75 MPa Flexural Strength 115 MPa\nThermal Properties: Minimum Service Temperature -40⁰C Maximum Service Temperature 80⁰C Softening Point > 110⁰C Linear Expansion 7.7×10-5\nOptical Properties: Light Transmission > 92% Refractive Index 1.49\n\nUsage \n\nThis type of acrylic is often used for aquariums, awards, financial tombstones, trophies, corporate gifts, and other products that require shaping or machining. ", "It tends to be more clear and made to a higher quality standard, but in doing so makes it more expensive than extruded acrylic.", "\n\nReferences\n\nSee also\n\n Financial tombstone\n Acrylic embedment\n\nCategory:Plastics industry" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0010443611536175013, 0.0007043734076432884, 0.0006187953986227512, 0.0008968854090198874, 0.0006401558639481664, 0.0008100291015580297, 0.0006939112208783627, 0.000973024929407984, 0.0007333072717301548, 0.0005591973895207047, 0.001219195662997663, 0.0008666561916470528, 0.0006527085788547993, 0.0006056366255506873, 0.0006547050434164703, 0.0005984537419863045 ]

[ "BEST COVERAGE AND ONLINE INSURANCE QUOTES\n\nSave big on coverage plans, as we got multiple option of choosing the right quote for yourself, so that you get the desired plan for your health, life or car insurance. ", "On the other hand if you qualify for any kind of discount you will be given directly in any case.", "\n\nCar Insurance Policy\n\nwith fastinsurancecover keep your mind free with full confidence before buying , with us you will save big as we provide you the comparison of quotes across parameters to offer you the best deal you qualify for.", "\n\nAnti-theft Discount\n\nwith fastinsurancecover you will be double checked for any kind of discount which you qualify for. ", "The same way if your vehicle has anti-theft device which is approved then you will be straightaway given the discount of anti-theft. ", "The saving totally depends on your state and the area of your car where it is parked.", "\n\nCompare Quotes & Save\n\nCompare Easily\n\nWhen you will compare the quotes online with us you will not only get quotes but you will get the live rates side by side so that you can compare it easily.", "\n\nOur private, individual health care plans are designed to suit a variety of different needs and the affordable plans for our customers. ", "From our private health insurance offering comprehensive heart and cancer cover to our other health plans which support every day health costs, our plans ensure health insurance which are accessible to all." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.000629393442068249, 0.0006962349289096892, 0.0006890216027386487, 0.0007407794473692775, 0.0007321871817111969, 0.0012309268349781632, 0.0006282766698859632, 0.0006381900748237967, 0.000746501493267715 ]

[ "How do visual status and age impact on driving performance as measured on a closed circuit driving track?", "\nThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of age and visual impairment on driving performance as measured on a closed circuit course. ", "Sixty two subjects were tested, including young (< 30 years) visual normals, old (> 60 years) visual normals and old (> 60 years) subjects with early visual impairment. ", "All subjects had a binocular visual acuity of 6/12 or better and were legally eligible to drive in Australia. ", "Driving performance was assessed for sign detection and recognition, driving reaction times, speed estimation, and driving time. ", "Age and early visual impairment had significant (P < 0.05) effects on sign detection and recognition, peripheral reaction times and driving time. ", "This is of significance because all of the drivers drove regularly and were legally eligible to do so. ", "The results also demonstrate that high contrast visual acuity is a poor predictor of the driving performance skills measured for this range of licensed drivers." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006792674539610744, 0.0006015930557623506, 0.0010054187150672078, 0.0006700652884319425, 0.000541350687853992, 0.0006833078805357218, 0.0005562086589634418, 0.000730863306671381 ]

[ "# -*- test-case-name: twisted.test.test_memcache -*-\n# Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.", "\n# See LICENSE for details.", "\n\n\"\"\"\nMemcache client protocol. ", "Memcached is a caching server, storing data in the\nform of pairs key/value, and memcache is the protocol to talk with it.", "\n\nTo connect to a server, create a factory for L{MemCacheProtocol}::\n\n from twisted.internet import reactor, protocol\n from twisted.protocols.memcache import MemCacheProtocol, DEFAULT_PORT\n d = protocol.", "ClientCreator(reactor, MemCacheProtocol\n ).connectTCP(\"localhost\", DEFAULT_PORT)\n def doSomething(proto):\n # Here you call the memcache operations\n return proto.set(\"mykey\", \"a lot of data\")\n d.addCallback(doSomething)\n reactor.run()\n\nAll the operations of the memcache protocol are present, but\nL{MemCacheProtocol.set} and L{MemCacheProtocol.get} are the more important.", "\n\nSee U{http://code.sixapart.com/svn/memcached/trunk/server/doc/protocol.txt} for\nmore information about the protocol.", "\n\"\"\"\n\ntry:\n from collections import deque\nexcept ImportError:\n class deque(list):\n def popleft(self):\n return self.pop(0)\n\n\nfrom twisted.protocols.basic import LineReceiver\nfrom twisted.protocols.policies import TimeoutMixin\nfrom twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, fail, TimeoutError\nfrom twisted.python import log\n\n\n\nDEFAULT_PORT = 11211\n\n\n\nclass NoSuchCommand(Exception):\n \"\"\"\n Exception raised when a non existent command is called.", "\n \"\"\"\n\n\n\nclass ClientError(Exception):\n \"\"\"\n Error caused by an invalid client call.", "\n \"\"\"\n\n\n\nclass ServerError(Exception):\n \"\"\"\n Problem happening on the server.", "\n \"\"\"\n\n\n\nclass Command(object):\n \"\"\"\n Wrap a client action into an object, that holds the values used in the\n protocol.", "\n\n @ivar _deferred: the L{Deferred} object that will be fired when the result\n arrives.", "\n @type _deferred: L{Deferred}\n\n @ivar command: name of the command sent to the server.", "\n @type command: C{str}\n \"\"\"\n\n def __init__(self, command, **kwargs):\n \"\"\"\n Create a command.", "\n\n @param command: the name of the command.", "\n @type command: C{str}\n\n @param kwargs: this values will be stored as attributes of the object\n for future use\n \"\"\"\n self.command = command\n self._deferred = Deferred()\n for k, v in kwargs.items():\n setattr(self, k, v)\n\n\n def success(self, value):\n \"\"\"\n Shortcut method to fire the underlying deferred.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._deferred.callback(value)\n\n\n def fail(self, error):\n \"\"\"\n Make the underlying deferred fails.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._deferred.errback(error)\n\n\n\nclass MemCacheProtocol(LineReceiver, TimeoutMixin):\n \"\"\"\n MemCache protocol: connect to a memcached server to store/retrieve values.", "\n\n @ivar persistentTimeOut: the timeout period used to wait for a response.", "\n @type persistentTimeOut: C{int}\n\n @ivar _current: current list of requests waiting for an answer from the\n server.", "\n @type _current: C{deque} of L{Command}\n\n @ivar _lenExpected: amount of data expected in raw mode, when reading for\n a value.", "\n @type _lenExpected: C{int}\n\n @ivar _getBuffer: current buffer of data, used to store temporary data\n when reading in raw mode.", "\n @type _getBuffer: C{list}\n\n @ivar _bufferLength: the total amount of bytes in C{_getBuffer}.", "\n @type _bufferLength: C{int}\n\n @ivar _disconnected: indicate if the connectionLost has been called or not.", "\n @type _disconnected: C{bool}\n \"\"\"\n MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 250\n _disconnected = False\n\n def __init__(self, timeOut=60):\n \"\"\"\n Create the protocol.", "\n\n @param timeOut: the timeout to wait before detecting that the\n connection is dead and close it. ", "It's expressed in seconds.", "\n @type timeOut: C{int}\n \"\"\"\n self._current = deque()\n self._lenExpected = None\n self._getBuffer = None\n self._bufferLength = None\n self.persistentTimeOut = self.timeOut = timeOut\n\n\n def _cancelCommands(self, reason):\n \"\"\"\n Cancel all the outstanding commands, making them fail with C{reason}.", "\n \"\"\"\n while self._current:\n cmd = self._current.popleft()\n cmd.fail(reason)\n\n\n def timeoutConnection(self):\n \"\"\"\n Close the connection in case of timeout.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._cancelCommands(TimeoutError(\"Connection timeout\"))\n self.transport.loseConnection()\n\n\n def connectionLost(self, reason):\n \"\"\"\n Cause any outstanding commands to fail.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._disconnected = True\n self._cancelCommands(reason)\n LineReceiver.connectionLost(self, reason)\n\n\n def sendLine(self, line):\n \"\"\"\n Override sendLine to add a timeout to response.", "\n \"\"\"\n if not self._current:\n self.setTimeout(self.persistentTimeOut)\n LineReceiver.sendLine(self, line)\n\n\n def rawDataReceived(self, data):\n \"\"\"\n Collect data for a get.", "\n \"\"\"\n self.resetTimeout()\n self._getBuffer.append(data)\n self._bufferLength += len(data)\n if self._bufferLength >= self._lenExpected + 2:\n data = \"\".join(self._getBuffer)\n buf = data[:self._lenExpected]\n rem = data[self._lenExpected + 2:]\n val = buf\n self._lenExpected = None\n self._getBuffer = None\n self._bufferLength = None\n cmd = self._current[0]\n if cmd.multiple:\n flags, cas = cmd.values[cmd.currentKey]\n cmd.values[cmd.currentKey] = (flags, cas, val)\n else:\n cmd.value = val\n self.setLineMode(rem)\n\n\n def cmd_STORED(self):\n \"\"\"\n Manage a success response to a set operation.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._current.popleft().success(True)\n\n\n def cmd_NOT_STORED(self):\n \"\"\"\n Manage a specific 'not stored' response to a set operation: this is not\n an error, but some condition wasn't met.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._current.popleft().success(False)\n\n\n def cmd_END(self):\n \"\"\"\n This the end token to a get or a stat operation.", "\n \"\"\"\n cmd = self._current.popleft()\n if cmd.command == \"get\":\n if cmd.multiple:\n values = dict([(key, val[::2]) for key, val in\n cmd.values.iteritems()])\n cmd.success(values)\n else:\n cmd.success((cmd.flags, cmd.value))\n elif cmd.command == \"gets\":\n if cmd.multiple:\n cmd.success(cmd.values)\n else:\n cmd.success((cmd.flags, cmd.cas, cmd.value))\n elif cmd.command == \"stats\":\n cmd.success(cmd.values)\n\n\n def cmd_NOT_FOUND(self):\n \"\"\"\n Manage error response for incr/decr/delete.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._current.popleft().success(False)\n\n\n def cmd_VALUE(self, line):\n \"\"\"\n Prepare the reading a value after a get.", "\n \"\"\"\n cmd = self._current[0]\n if cmd.command == \"get\":\n key, flags, length = line.split()\n cas = \"\"\n else:\n key, flags, length, cas = line.split()\n self._lenExpected = int(length)\n self._getBuffer = []\n self._bufferLength = 0\n if cmd.multiple:\n if key not in cmd.keys:\n raise RuntimeError(\"Unexpected commands answer.\")", "\n cmd.currentKey = key\n cmd.values[key] = [int(flags), cas]\n else:\n if cmd.key !", "= key:\n raise RuntimeError(\"Unexpected commands answer.\")", "\n cmd.flags = int(flags)\n cmd.cas = cas\n self.setRawMode()\n\n\n def cmd_STAT(self, line):\n \"\"\"\n Reception of one stat line.", "\n \"\"\"\n cmd = self._current[0]\n key, val = line.split(\" \", 1)\n cmd.values[key] = val\n\n\n def cmd_VERSION(self, versionData):\n \"\"\"\n Read version token.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._current.popleft().success(versionData)\n\n\n def cmd_ERROR(self):\n \"\"\"\n An non-existent command has been sent.", "\n \"\"\"\n log.err(\"Non-existent command sent.\")", "\n cmd = self._current.popleft()\n cmd.fail(NoSuchCommand())\n\n\n def cmd_CLIENT_ERROR(self, errText):\n \"\"\"\n An invalid input as been sent.", "\n \"\"\"\n log.err(\"Invalid input: %s\" % (errText,))\n cmd = self._current.popleft()\n cmd.fail(ClientError(errText))\n\n\n def cmd_SERVER_ERROR(self, errText):\n \"\"\"\n An error has happened server-side.", "\n \"\"\"\n log.err(\"Server error: %s\" % (errText,))\n cmd = self._current.popleft()\n cmd.fail(ServerError(errText))\n\n\n def cmd_DELETED(self):\n \"\"\"\n A delete command has completed successfully.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._current.popleft().success(True)\n\n\n def cmd_OK(self):\n \"\"\"\n The last command has been completed.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._current.popleft().success(True)\n\n\n def cmd_EXISTS(self):\n \"\"\"\n A C{checkAndSet} update has failed.", "\n \"\"\"\n self._current.popleft().success(False)\n\n\n def lineReceived(self, line):\n \"\"\"\n Receive line commands from the server.", "\n \"\"\"\n self.resetTimeout()\n token = line.split(\" \", 1)[0]\n # First manage standard commands without space\n cmd = getattr(self, \"cmd_%s\" % (token,), None)\n if cmd is not None:\n args = line.split(\" \", 1)[1:]\n if args:\n cmd(args[0])\n else:\n cmd()\n else:\n # Then manage commands with space in it\n line = line.replace(\" \", \"_\")\n cmd = getattr(self, \"cmd_%s\" % (line,), None)\n if cmd is not None:\n cmd()\n else:\n # Increment/Decrement response\n cmd = self._current.popleft()\n val = int(line)\n cmd.success(val)\n if not self._current:\n # No pending request, remove timeout\n self.setTimeout(None)\n\n\n def increment(self, key, val=1):\n \"\"\"\n Increment the value of C{key} by given value (default to 1).", "\n C{key} must be consistent with an int. ", "Return the new value.", "\n\n @param key: the key to modify.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param val: the value to increment.", "\n @type val: C{int}\n\n @return: a deferred with will be called back with the new value\n associated with the key (after the increment).", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n return self._incrdecr(\"incr\", key, val)\n\n\n def decrement(self, key, val=1):\n \"\"\"\n Decrement the value of C{key} by given value (default to 1).", "\n C{key} must be consistent with an int. ", "Return the new value, coerced to\n 0 if negative.", "\n\n @param key: the key to modify.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param val: the value to decrement.", "\n @type val: C{int}\n\n @return: a deferred with will be called back with the new value\n associated with the key (after the decrement).", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n return self._incrdecr(\"decr\", key, val)\n\n\n def _incrdecr(self, cmd, key, val):\n \"\"\"\n Internal wrapper for incr/decr.", "\n \"\"\"\n if self._disconnected:\n return fail(RuntimeError(\"not connected\"))\n if not isinstance(key, str):\n return fail(ClientError(\n \"Invalid type for key: %s, expecting a string\" % (type(key),)))\n if len(key) > self.", "MAX_KEY_LENGTH:\n return fail(ClientError(\"Key too long\"))\n fullcmd = \"%s %s %d\" % (cmd, key, int(val))\n self.sendLine(fullcmd)\n cmdObj = Command(cmd, key=key)\n self._current.append(cmdObj)\n return cmdObj._deferred\n\n\n def replace(self, key, val, flags=0, expireTime=0):\n \"\"\"\n Replace the given C{key}. ", "It must already exist in the server.", "\n\n @param key: the key to replace.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param val: the new value associated with the key.", "\n @type val: C{str}\n\n @param flags: the flags to store with the key.", "\n @type flags: C{int}\n\n @param expireTime: if different from 0, the relative time in seconds\n when the key will be deleted from the store.", "\n @type expireTime: C{int}\n\n @return: a deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has\n succeeded, and C{False} with the key didn't previously exist.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n return self._set(\"replace\", key, val, flags, expireTime, \"\")\n\n\n def add(self, key, val, flags=0, expireTime=0):\n \"\"\"\n Add the given C{key}. ", "It must not exist in the server.", "\n\n @param key: the key to add.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param val: the value associated with the key.", "\n @type val: C{str}\n\n @param flags: the flags to store with the key.", "\n @type flags: C{int}\n\n @param expireTime: if different from 0, the relative time in seconds\n when the key will be deleted from the store.", "\n @type expireTime: C{int}\n\n @return: a deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has\n succeeded, and C{False} with the key already exists.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n return self._set(\"add\", key, val, flags, expireTime, \"\")\n\n\n def set(self, key, val, flags=0, expireTime=0):\n \"\"\"\n Set the given C{key}.", "\n\n @param key: the key to set.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param val: the value associated with the key.", "\n @type val: C{str}\n\n @param flags: the flags to store with the key.", "\n @type flags: C{int}\n\n @param expireTime: if different from 0, the relative time in seconds\n when the key will be deleted from the store.", "\n @type expireTime: C{int}\n\n @return: a deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has\n succeeded.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n return self._set(\"set\", key, val, flags, expireTime, \"\")\n\n\n def checkAndSet(self, key, val, cas, flags=0, expireTime=0):\n \"\"\"\n Change the content of C{key} only if the C{cas} value matches the\n current one associated with the key. ", "Use this to store a value which\n hasn't been modified since last time you fetched it.", "\n\n @param key: The key to set.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param val: The value associated with the key.", "\n @type val: C{str}\n\n @param cas: Unique 64-bit value returned by previous call of C{get}.", "\n @type cas: C{str}\n\n @param flags: The flags to store with the key.", "\n @type flags: C{int}\n\n @param expireTime: If different from 0, the relative time in seconds\n when the key will be deleted from the store.", "\n @type expireTime: C{int}\n\n @return: A deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has\n succeeded, C{False} otherwise.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n return self._set(\"cas\", key, val, flags, expireTime, cas)\n\n\n def _set(self, cmd, key, val, flags, expireTime, cas):\n \"\"\"\n Internal wrapper for setting values.", "\n \"\"\"\n if self._disconnected:\n return fail(RuntimeError(\"not connected\"))\n if not isinstance(key, str):\n return fail(ClientError(\n \"Invalid type for key: %s, expecting a string\" % (type(key),)))\n if len(key) > self.", "MAX_KEY_LENGTH:\n return fail(ClientError(\"Key too long\"))\n if not isinstance(val, str):\n return fail(ClientError(\n \"Invalid type for value: %s, expecting a string\" %\n (type(val),)))\n if cas:\n cas = \" \" + cas\n length = len(val)\n fullcmd = \"%s %s %d %d %d%s\" % (\n cmd, key, flags, expireTime, length, cas)\n self.sendLine(fullcmd)\n self.sendLine(val)\n cmdObj = Command(cmd, key=key, flags=flags, length=length)\n self._current.append(cmdObj)\n return cmdObj._deferred\n\n\n def append(self, key, val):\n \"\"\"\n Append given data to the value of an existing key.", "\n\n @param key: The key to modify.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param val: The value to append to the current value associated with\n the key.", "\n @type val: C{str}\n\n @return: A deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has\n succeeded, C{False} otherwise.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n # Even if flags and expTime values are ignored, we have to pass them\n return self._set(\"append\", key, val, 0, 0, \"\")\n\n\n def prepend(self, key, val):\n \"\"\"\n Prepend given data to the value of an existing key.", "\n\n @param key: The key to modify.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param val: The value to prepend to the current value associated with\n the key.", "\n @type val: C{str}\n\n @return: A deferred that will fire with C{True} if the operation has\n succeeded, C{False} otherwise.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n # Even if flags and expTime values are ignored, we have to pass them\n return self._set(\"prepend\", key, val, 0, 0, \"\")\n\n\n def get(self, key, withIdentifier=False):\n \"\"\"\n Get the given C{key}. ", "It doesn't support multiple keys. ", "If\n C{withIdentifier} is set to C{True}, the command issued is a C{gets},\n that will return the current identifier associated with the value. ", "This\n identifier has to be used when issuing C{checkAndSet} update later,\n using the corresponding method.", "\n\n @param key: The key to retrieve.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @param withIdentifier: If set to C{True}, retrieve the current\n identifier along with the value and the flags.", "\n @type withIdentifier: C{bool}\n\n @return: A deferred that will fire with the tuple (flags, value) if\n C{withIdentifier} is C{False}, or (flags, cas identifier, value)\n if C{True}. ", " If the server indicates there is no value\n associated with C{key}, the returned value will be C{None} and\n the returned flags will be C{0}.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n return self._get([key], withIdentifier, False)\n\n\n def getMultiple(self, keys, withIdentifier=False):\n \"\"\"\n Get the given list of C{keys}. ", " If C{withIdentifier} is set to C{True},\n the command issued is a C{gets}, that will return the identifiers\n associated with each values. ", "This identifier has to be used when\n issuing C{checkAndSet} update later, using the corresponding method.", "\n\n @param keys: The keys to retrieve.", "\n @type keys: C{list} of C{str}\n\n @param withIdentifier: If set to C{True}, retrieve the identifiers\n along with the values and the flags.", "\n @type withIdentifier: C{bool}\n\n @return: A deferred that will fire with a dictionary with the elements\n of C{keys} as keys and the tuples (flags, value) as values if\n C{withIdentifier} is C{False}, or (flags, cas identifier, value) if\n C{True}. ", " If the server indicates there is no value associated with\n C{key}, the returned values will be C{None} and the returned flags\n will be C{0}.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n\n @since: 9.0\n \"\"\"\n return self._get(keys, withIdentifier, True)\n\n def _get(self, keys, withIdentifier, multiple):\n \"\"\"\n Helper method for C{get} and C{getMultiple}.", "\n \"\"\"\n if self._disconnected:\n return fail(RuntimeError(\"not connected\"))\n for key in keys:\n if not isinstance(key, str):\n return fail(ClientError(\n \"Invalid type for key: %s, expecting a string\" % (type(key),)))\n if len(key) > self.", "MAX_KEY_LENGTH:\n return fail(ClientError(\"Key too long\"))\n if withIdentifier:\n cmd = \"gets\"\n else:\n cmd = \"get\"\n fullcmd = \"%s %s\" % (cmd, \" \".join(keys))\n self.sendLine(fullcmd)\n if multiple:\n values = dict([(key, (0, \"\", None)) for key in keys])\n cmdObj = Command(cmd, keys=keys, values=values, multiple=True)\n else:\n cmdObj = Command(cmd, key=keys[0], value=None, flags=0, cas=\"\",\n multiple=False)\n self._current.append(cmdObj)\n return cmdObj._deferred\n\n def stats(self, arg=None):\n \"\"\"\n Get some stats from the server. ", "It will be available as a dict.", "\n\n @param arg: An optional additional string which will be sent along\n with the I{stats} command. ", " The interpretation of this value by\n the server is left undefined by the memcache protocol\n specification.", "\n @type arg: L{NoneType} or L{str}\n\n @return: a deferred that will fire with a C{dict} of the available\n statistics.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n if arg:\n cmd = \"stats \" + arg\n else:\n cmd = \"stats\"\n if self._disconnected:\n return fail(RuntimeError(\"not connected\"))\n self.sendLine(cmd)\n cmdObj = Command(\"stats\", values={})\n self._current.append(cmdObj)\n return cmdObj._deferred\n\n\n def version(self):\n \"\"\"\n Get the version of the server.", "\n\n @return: a deferred that will fire with the string value of the\n version.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n if self._disconnected:\n return fail(RuntimeError(\"not connected\"))\n self.sendLine(\"version\")\n cmdObj = Command(\"version\")\n self._current.append(cmdObj)\n return cmdObj._deferred\n\n\n def delete(self, key):\n \"\"\"\n Delete an existing C{key}.", "\n\n @param key: the key to delete.", "\n @type key: C{str}\n\n @return: a deferred that will be called back with C{True} if the key\n was successfully deleted, or C{False} if not.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n if self._disconnected:\n return fail(RuntimeError(\"not connected\"))\n if not isinstance(key, str):\n return fail(ClientError(\n \"Invalid type for key: %s, expecting a string\" % (type(key),)))\n self.sendLine(\"delete %s\" % key)\n cmdObj = Command(\"delete\", key=key)\n self._current.append(cmdObj)\n return cmdObj._deferred\n\n\n def flushAll(self):\n \"\"\"\n Flush all cached values.", "\n\n @return: a deferred that will be called back with C{True} when the\n operation has succeeded.", "\n @rtype: L{Deferred}\n \"\"\"\n if self._disconnected:\n return fail(RuntimeError(\"not connected\"))\n self.sendLine(\"flush_all\")\n cmdObj = Command(\"flush_all\")\n self._current.append(cmdObj)\n return cmdObj._deferred\n\n\n\n__all__ = [\"MemCacheProtocol\", \"DEFAULT_PORT\", \"NoSuchCommand\", \"ClientError\",\n \"ServerError\"]\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0007081027142703533, 0.0005601902375929058, 0.0006963607156649232, 0.0012678783386945724, 0.0011409888975322247, 0.0008169941720552742, 0.0005777744809165597, 0.0012496992712840438, 0.0008686490473337471, 0.000762163836043328, 0.0006476808921433985, 0.0011580295395106077, 0.0007404770003631711, 0.0008205331978388131, 0.000658158038277179, 0.0008536945679225028, 0.0019060511840507388, 0.0007391057442873716, 0.0006956576253287494, 0.0007651154301129282, 0.0006385989836417139, 0.0007366734789684415, 0.0009390715276822448, 0.0007693904335610569, 0.0007741890149191022, 0.0011643763864412904, 0.0005867998115718365, 0.0011628257343545556, 0.001268477295525372, 0.0010682212887331843, 0.0006751279579475522, 0.0010339843574911356, 0.0017688401276245713, 0.0007034064037725329, 0.0010004310170188546, 0.0007901053759269416, 0.0008958136313594878, 0.00081538938684389, 0.0008756796014495194, 0.0006164666265249252, 0.0007042264332994819, 0.0007388029480352998, 0.0007192252087406814, 0.0006658619386143982, 0.0009173165308311582, 0.0009134305873885751, 0.0010027422104030848, 0.0006699656951241195, 0.0007708501070737839, 0.0006771748303435743, 0.0010413696290925145, 0.0007415496511384845, 0.0008468904416076839, 0.0007212678319774568, 0.0009607116808183491, 0.0010416797595098615, 0.0009664277313277125, 0.0007415496511384845, 0.0009402448777109385, 0.0007212678319774568, 0.0010328517528250813, 0.0010444029467180371, 0.0006975190481171012, 0.0014714599819853902, 0.0017488644225522876, 0.0006711189053021371, 0.0009655609028413892, 0.0007790901581756771, 0.0009125116048380733, 0.0007504044333472848, 0.003228917485103011, 0.000853689678478986, 0.0007442182977683842, 0.0007589253364130855, 0.0007892881403677166, 0.0009125116048380733, 0.0007504044333472848, 0.005082618445158005, 0.0008933076169341803, 0.000999424490146339, 0.0007892881403677166, 0.0009125116048380733, 0.0007504044333472848, 0.0046525211073458195, 0.0007658015238121152, 0.000649744994007051, 0.000999424490146339, 0.0007892881403677166, 0.001132544712163508, 0.0007430514669977129, 0.0007504044333472848, 0.007470384240150452, 0.0006693074246868491, 0.0014714599819853902, 0.001983141526579857, 0.0007212678319774568, 0.0008148548658937216, 0.012906019575893879, 0.0008394471369683743, 0.0007212678319774568, 0.0008534122607670724, 0.012906019575893879, 0.001062777009792626, 0.0007545322296209633, 0.0009418798726983368, 0.0006244810065254569, 0.0007559767109341919, 0.0007680546841584146, 0.019914692267775536, 0.0007738774293102324, 0.0012955531710758805, 0.000855816644616425, 0.0006244810065254569, 0.0006369374459609389, 0.0007683306466788054, 0.012434214353561401, 0.0007627113373018801, 0.0009782055858522654, 0.0010678269900381565, 0.0014422847889363766, 0.0006023483583703637, 0.0006972735282033682, 0.0005736554739996791, 0.0050447918474674225, 0.0016710390336811543, 0.0055757807567715645, 0.0017755571752786636, 0.0030097367707639933, 0.001090850681066513, 0.00219933339394629, 0.0008705017389729619, 0.0012992561096325517 ]

[ "ST. ", "PETERSBURG -- As the influx of young super-talent mingles with its veteran counterpart across the country, many teams this season have developed exciting storylines regardless of win/loss record. ", "In the American League East, Vladimir Guerrero Jr. burst on the scene in Toronto and Nate Lowe has helped the Rays\n\nST. ", "PETERSBURG -- As the influx of young super-talent mingles with its veteran counterpart across the country, many teams this season have developed exciting storylines regardless of win/loss record.", "\n\nIn the American League East, Vladimir Guerrero Jr. burst on the scene in Toronto and Nate Lowe has helped the Rays in stints, while guys like Boston’s Trevor Kelley, New York’s Ryan McBroom and Baltimore’s Ryan Mountcastle are stacking their stat lines in the Minors as they await their first callups.", "\n\nWith so many new faces to learn and so many old heads doing well, this year’s All-Star Game should feature a great mix of both. ", "But what about the young players who are flying under the radar, or those in long-term rehab situations?", "\n\nHere at MLB.com, we believe it’s never too early to start looking ahead. ", "So, instead of pontificating on who’ll make this year’s squad, let’s talk about each AL East team’s next All-Star.", "\n\nBlue Jays: Bo Bichette\n\nNow that Vladimir Guerrero Jr. is on the scene, attention has shifted to Toronto’s newest top prospect -- and Bichette could very well be every bit as exciting as advertised. ", "The No. ", "8 overall prospect in baseball tore up Double-A as a 20-year-old last season, leading the league in five offensive categories despite being the second-youngest regular.", "\n\nThe shortstop made quite a splash during Spring Training this year, with the highlight coming in the form of a two-homer game against the Twins. ", "While he’s still finding his ground at Triple-A Buffalo, Bichette already has seven extra-base hits, 10 RBIs and three stolen bases in 17 games with the Bisons.", "\n\nWhile an All-Star selection next year might be a bit of a stretch, Bichette certainly has proved naysayers wrong in the past and a September callup -- or earlier -- could very well lead to a breakout year for the young slugger.", "\n\nOrioles: Chance Sisco\n\nSisco’s Minor League stats haven’t yet fully translated to Major League performance, but the 24-year-old is on track to be one of the better offensive catchers next season. ", "Cisco’s numbers have climbed steadily during each of his three seasons with Triple-A Norfolk, and as of Wednesday he was slashing .289/.383/.530 with 10 homers and 37 RBIs in 44 games.", "\n\nSisco was Baltimore’s top prospect in 2017, as ranked by MLB Pipeline, and he has played 82 games for the O’s across three seasons since he was drafted as a second-rounder in ’13. ", "Sisco was recalled from Triple-A on June 3 and has two homers, three doubles and five RBIs in 10 games with Baltimore in 2019.", "\n\nRays: Tyler Glasnow\n\nGlasnow was enjoying a great season before an injury derailed his plans. ", "The right-hander was 6-1 with an AL-best 1.86 ERA in his first eight starts of 2019 before he was shut down on May 11 with a right forearm strain. ", "His first post-injury bullpen session was Tuesday and it went better than expected, but Glasnow still isn’t eligible to return from the 60-day IL until July 10.", "\n\nIf the 25-year-old Glasnow can return to his pre-injury form for the second half of the season, he will undoubtedly boost the Rays’ rotation, which has been operating with just two regular starters since his departure. ", "What’s more, a strong second half should push him into the spotlight for 2020, and there’s no reason Glasnow couldn’t vault into the All-Star discussion during what would be his third full season.", "\n\nRed Sox: Andrew Benintendi\n\nBenintendi has had his ups and downs with Boston, but at just 24 years old, the talented outfielder already has a World Series ring and 21 playoff games under his belt, something that should only help him as he continues to evolve as a player.", "\n\nEntering play Thursday, Benintendi had 16 doubles, three triples, seven homers, 33 RBIs and eight steals in 67 games for the Red Sox. ", "He’s got a solid swing, an advanced approach at the plate and he is lauded for his defense as well. ", "The 2020 season will be Benintendi's fourth full season in the Majors, and there’s no reason it can’t be an All-Star campaign if he continues to make progress.", "\n\nYankees: Miguel Andújar\n\nIt’s hard to imagine any Yankee who fits this bill better than Andujar. ", "The 24-year-old third baseman finished second only to Shohei Ohtani in last season’s AL Rookie of the Year voting and he seemed ready to be New York’s third baseman of the future until he tore his right labrum in April.", "\n\nAfter battling back from the injured list, Andujar went just 3-for-34 before electing to have season-ending surgery to repair the injury. ", "While the procedure will sideline him this season, the hope is that Andujar will be good as new come 2020 and he'll be able resume his electric play on the field." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.003697394160553813, 0.0005629615043289959, 0.0008478545350953937, 0.0005629615043289959, 0.0008043902344070375, 0.002378337550908327, 0.000645548920147121, 0.0005827017012052238, 0.0006794454529881477, 0.0006681255181320012, 0.0015879241982474923, 0.001210658811032772, 0.0007170970202423632, 0.0028667182195931673, 0.004511767067015171, 0.0036531684454530478, 0.0009556950535625219, 0.0007178470259532332, 0.0010209651663899422, 0.0009599732584320009, 0.0027338212821632624, 0.005568773485720158, 0.001332701533101499, 0.0007269217167049646, 0.000671515183057636, 0.0011623749742284417, 0.000860242173075676, 0.000776165456045419, 0.0018514839466661215, 0.009435990825295448, 0.004726715385913849, 0.0007213218486867845 ]

[ "Q:\n\nWhat makes the Architect think Neo's choice would lead to human extinction?", "\n\nAs Agent Smith said in The Matrix:\n\nDid you know that the first Matrix... was designed to be a perfect\n human world where none suffered... where everyone would be happy.", "\n It was a disaster. ", "No one would accept the program.", "\n Entire crops were lost.", "\n\nI take it to mean that in the first Matrix everybody rejected it and died, but the human race survived. ", "That's why the machines could still have humans for use in the following versions of Matrix.", "\nI just don't understand why the Architect told Neo that if he chose the left the human race would face extermination. ", "\nI think that version of Matrix would fail the same way as the Paradise Matrix did, but it would not lead to human extinction.", "\nThe Architect couldn't reboot the Matrix because of Neo's irrational choice, but that doesn't mean he cannot rebuild one so that the cycle could continue as before, like from 4.0 to 4.1 to 4.2... If another Neo chooses the left door in 4.X, the Architect could rebuild the Matrix from 5.0 to 5.1... \n\nA:\n\nIf Neo chose the door on the left, it wouldn't stop the impending attack on Zion, and his confidence in zion's destruction means they're gone (in his calculations).", "\nThe architect states that the 'anomaly' is a growing issue that can only be cured by the dissemination of the One's code into the mainframe. ", " We know that entire crops were lost previously, it's logical to conclude the same or worse would happen if the anomaly were to grow here. ", " He even mentions a system crash that would kill all people connected to the Matrix if the One's code is not absorbed. ", " At a certain point of loss, the human race can no longer sustain it's own existence due to lack of genetic diversity, and would therefore die out.", "\nHe's not talking with knowledge, but with calculated certainty. ", " He doesn't have the ability, as a computer program, to factor in the 'human element'. ", " He can't calculate in the possibility of a mother exhibiting great acts of strength to save her child, or a lover going kamikaze to save their own true love's life. ", " \nThe door on the left is that human element, so to the architect, it is simply the losing option.", "\n\nA:\n\nThe Architect's conversation with Neo is at times difficult to follow, but the Architect is fairly clear about his threat to the human race:\n\nThe Architect: You are here because Zion is about to be destroyed - its every living inhabitant terminated, its entire existence eradicated.", "\nNeo: Bull--.", "\nThe Architect: Denial is the most predictable of all human responses, but rest assured, this will be the sixth time we have destroyed it, and we have become exceedingly efficient at it. ", "The function of the One is now to return to the Source, allowing a temporary dissemination of the code you carry, reinserting the prime program. ", "After which, you will be required to select from the Matrix 23 individuals - 16 female, 7 male - to rebuild Zion. ", "Failure to comply with this process will result in a cataclysmic system crash, killing everyone connected to the Matrix, which, coupled with the extermination of Zion, will ultimately result in the extinction of the entire human race.", "\ntranscript of The Matrix Reloaded\n\nThe difference between this threat and the failed Paradise Matrix is that the Machines weren't about to destroy Zion (i.e. kill all the humans outside of the Matrix) when the Paradise Matrix failed. ", "With the Paradise Matrix, any humans not in the Matrix (we don't know if there were any) would have survived. ", "Furthermore, Agent Smith's quote does not suggest that every human in the Paradise Matrix died. ", "If Agent Smith meant to say that every human died, he would have more likely said that \"every crop was lost\" or \"all the crops were lost\". ", "Since humanity did not go extinct with the failure of the Paradise Matrix it must be the case that some humans survived, either inside or outside of the Paradise Matrix when it crashed.", "\nThe important thing about the Architect's threat is that the Architect is blackmailing Neo with the extinction of humanity so that Neo would choose to return to the Source and restart the cycle. ", "He might be exaggerating when he says that a system crash of the Matrix would kill everyone. ", "Even Neo initially doubted that the Architect's threat was true:\n\nNeo: You won't let it happen. ", "You can't. ", "You need human beings to survive.", "\nThe Architect: There are levels of survival we are prepared to accept. ", "However, the relevant issue is whether or not you are ready to accept the responsibility of the death of every human being on this world.", "\ntranscript of The Matrix Reloaded\n\nSince the Architect was blackmailing Neo, he might not have actually believed that all the humans in the Matrix would die (although the Machines might kill any survivors to make good on their threat to cause the extinction of humanity). ", "The Architect's threat just had to be convincing enough that Neo would believe him, and the Architect thought that was the case since (a) it would be irrational to ignore the threat and take a chance on all of humanity, and (b) all the previous Ones had believed the threat and returned to the Source.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.000912823248654604, 0.0006524809869006276, 0.015692656859755516, 0.0009078116854652762, 0.006466616876423359, 0.0007066796533763409, 0.000659221550449729, 0.017295287922024727, 0.0008797457558102906, 0.0008256669389083982, 0.0005802413215860724, 0.0006683984538540244, 0.00454105855897069, 0.007775519974529743, 0.0007186376606114209, 0.0012695167679339647, 0.0023075533099472523, 0.0008616166887804866, 0.0024298157077282667, 0.6743109822273254, 0.0010064629605039954, 0.000611127121374011, 0.0008033154881559312, 0.13929593563079834, 0.000899116916116327, 0.0007366267964243889, 0.0008254589047282934, 0.0007116825436241925, 0.0008032216574065387, 0.0020369957201182842, 0.10347844660282135, 0.0010010258993133903, 0.023640135303139687, 0.026470566168427467, 0.0005233684205450118, 0.006064353045076132, 0.0013392689870670438, 0.001514867995865643, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "Koenig total great toe implant. ", "Preliminary report.", "\nA new first metatarsophalangeal joint implant arthroplasty is described. ", "The two-component, titanium alloy and polyethylene prosthesis designed for weightbearing is noncemented and press-fit. ", "Sixteen cases involving 18 implants were evaluated over 18 months with evidence that good correction and pain free motion can be obtained." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.2629563808441162, 0.0006271387683227658, 0.01258525624871254, 0.0007848681998439133, 0.0007049099076539278 ]

[ "HEKS/EPER is making a difference in the «Access to land and resources» in Italy\n\nHEKS/EPER supports the «Centro Diaconale La Noce» operated by the Waldensian Church in Palermo, which works for the social integration of disadvantaged persons. ", "At the core of the work of the Centro is the school – about a fifth of the children have a disability or a migration background. ", "By attending school alongside local children and children without disabilities they become socially integrated and receive optimal support. ", "The Centro also runs a therapy centre that fosters the development of children with disabilities, as well as a home for unaccompanied refugee minors. ", "The women's shelter in turn gives refuge to mothers and their children in family crisis situations, and through the integration centre, «La Noce» assists ex-offenders on their way to an independent life.", "\n\nFacts\n\nIn 2017 HEKS/EPER funded safe travel to Italy as well as accommodation and integration measures during the asylum procedure for 170 especially vulnerable refugees.", "\n\nRural communities need unimpeded access to natural resources such as land, water, pastures, savannahs or forests if they are to develop. ", "The possibility to use these resources is critical to fighting hunger and poverty. ", "Agriculture is, after all, the most important source of income for many rural communities. ", "With crop farming, small plantations, livestock rearing, fishing or gathering they can secure their food supply and generate income by selling their produce. ", "Land also serves communities as living space and reinforces cultural and spiritual identity. ", "Many rural communities still lack access to land or risk losing it despite existing or traditional law. ", "HEKS/EPER therefore helps them, through numerous projects, to secure long-term access to land and resources, both practically and legally." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005676856962963939, 0.0008261442417278886, 0.0007684379233978689, 0.007313491310924292, 0.0011369911953806877, 0.0005379358772188425, 0.0006055263220332563, 0.0009218569030053914, 0.0006056755664758384, 0.0005646106437779963, 0.0008535025990568101, 0.0007214610232040286, 0.0005910297622904181 ]

[ "Shelter’s temporary closure limits options for homeless in area\n\nDecember 16, 2012\n\nChristians believes that many years ago, close to this date, a pregnant Mary and her husband, Joseph, sought shelter, but there was no room at the inn.", "\n\nToday in Blair County, it seems others in need could face a similar plight of searching for somewhere to stay without success.", "\n\nWith the temporary closure in October of the Altoona Rescue Mission's shelter for men, the only other available shelter in Blair County that does not answer the needs of a certain niche - such as someone who is escaping domestic violence or someone in need of drug or alcohol rehabilitation - is Family Services Inc.'s 16-bed emergency shelter located at 2700 Eighth Ave.", "\n\nArticle Photos\n\nMirror photo by Patrick WaksmunskiThe Altoona Rescue Mission at 1308 Ninth Avenue was temporarily closed in October, diminishing the options for the area homeless.", "\n\nFamily Services Inc. also runs a teen and domestic abuse shelter.", "\n\nTeam Leader Bryan Lytle said the emergency shelter serves men, women and children on a first-come, first-serve basis. ", "When there is no room, people must call back and check availability.", "\n\nSome of the criteria to qualify for the shelter are being homeless or near homeless, medically stable, willing to accept its services and not be under the use of narcotics or alcohol.", "\n\nIndividuals' backgrounds are checked, Lytle said. ", "Those seeking shelter are also assessed to see what problems they are struggling against. ", "Referrals are done for mental health help.", "\n\nIt is a community effort to help those in need, Lytle said.", "\n\n\"The agencies here in Blair County work together on this issue,\" Lytle said. \"", "We collaborate together. ", "It's really amazing.\"", "\n\nFrom July to November, the emergency shelter has served 83 individuals - 32 men, 34 women and 17 children, Lytle said. ", "About 205 people who called for help were turned away because the shelter was full. ", "Some of those are repeat inquiries, though. ", "The shelter was not able to serve an estimated 122 people in that time, he said..\n\nLytle said he considers it more than just a shelter. ", "It's a \"home base,\" he said.", "\n\n\"There's a lot that goes on underneath this roof,\" he said. \"", "We're really trying to address their needs, put the support in place.\"", "\n\nLytle said they have seen a slight increase in males calling since October.", "\n\nPastor Dave Ervine, Salvation Army Adult Rehabilitation Center intake counselor, said that center has had maybe one or two more calls since the rescue mission shelter closed, but not a substantial increase.", "\n\nThe Salvation Army's 40-bed shelter is a rehabilitation center for those wanting to get off drugs or alcohol. ", "Those getting help there must agree to go through a six-month program.", "\n\n\"There is a tremendous need for that shelter to be open, run and staffed,\" Ervine said of the Altoona Rescue Mission." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0008486203150823712, 0.0005976445972919464, 0.0006716112256981432, 0.0006611203425563872, 0.004452228546142578, 0.0007304094033315778, 0.0005901153199374676, 0.00075248145731166, 0.0006438601412810385, 0.0005872253095731139, 0.01196103636175394, 0.0006843304727226496, 0.0006401028367690742, 0.0005642204196192324, 0.0005695828585885465, 0.0007101575029082596, 0.0007331213564611971, 0.0006027767667546868, 0.0006104191998019814, 0.0007545699481852353, 0.0008862725808285177, 0.0005657044239342213, 0.0008376724435947835, 0.000587525952141732, 0.004305509850382805, 0.0005255335127003491, 0.0005738121108151972 ]

[ "The most original and enduring symbol of Valentine’s Day is a heart pierced by the arrow of Cupid, Eros in ancient Greece. ", "It is not obvious, however, what this pagan image and the mythology that lies behind it should have to do with the third-century CE Christian martyr St. Valentine. ", "The road from Eros to the Saint and then on to our holiday that bears his name is as tortuous as it is fascinating. ", "As we shall see, at all points along the road – except for Valentine himself! – ", "the ultimate idea has been about celebrating the spring season and the various themes that it has evoked in myth, literature, philosophy, and art, love being not the only such theme.", "\n\nIn Greek myth Eros was not originally the cute cherub that people visualize today. ", "In fact, originally he could not be visualized at all because he was not even a deity, and so at first was represented simply by a herm (Harrison, p. 630). ", "According to Hesiod’s Theogony, Eros self-generated into existence once Chaos and Earth came into being (lines 116-23). ", "Eros was the driving force behind the universe responsible for every other created thing, the motor of generation and procreation. ", "Eros is usually translated as “Love” because Eros as a force manifests itself in humans as the passionate desire that drives physical love, and hence procreation. ", "Eros was thought to strike our hearts because in the ancient world the heart was considered the repository of thought as well as of the affective powers (e.g., emotions, intuition, wisdom), as evidenced by our heart pounding when we are excited and inspired. ", "The primal power of Eros was overwhelming and could not be resisted by humans, gods or goddesses, or anything else. ", "The result is what we see in nature: fertility, life, and the seasons.", "\n\nEventually Eros came to be represented as an Erote, a type of winged sprite (ker) that both symbolizes and mediates the coming of life, and so also spring. ", "Hence Theognis (Eleg. ", "1275) wrote:\n\nLove [Eros] comes at this hour, comes with the flowers of spring, . .", "\n\nLove comes, scattering seed for man upon earth.", "\n\nIndeed, Eros as an Erote was usually depicted holding sprigs of foliage or sprays of flowers, and also could be seen watering flowers in a garden (Harrison, pp. ", "633-35). ", "Eros later evolved from an Erote into a fully formed, handsome youth (ephebos) with golden wings, and his power was then represented by the arrows that he sent into the hearts of humans and gods alike.", "\n\nThe Greek philosophers also got ahold of Eros, making him the inspiration of lofty philosophical ideas. ", "The most famous example is the discussion about the nature of Love (Eros) in Plato’s Symposium. ", "To understand that dialogue properly we must put aside our contemporary notions of love and appreciate that Plato’s symposiasts were debating the question against the traditional mythological background of Love as Eros; Hesiod’s above-mentioned creation myth is even quoted at near the beginning (178b). ", "At the end of the dialogue, the prevailing idea emerged that the primal power of Eros can serve as a starting point to inspire and guide a person in realizing beauty in earthly nature, and from there shed these illusions and eventually realize pure, heavenly beauty – “beauty’s very self” – so that when such person “has brought forth and reared this perfect virtue, he shall be called the friend of god, and, and if ever it is given to man to put on immortality, it shall be given to him” (211e-212a). ", "Somewhat analogously, in the Orphic tradition (where Eros had similarly self-generated, but from the cosmic egg), Eros as a fertility figure played a key role in Orphic mysteries, mediating the initiations (Harrison, pp. ", "640-45).", "\n\nHaving discussed Eros as leading to an experience of God, we can turn to that man of God said to lead to love, St. Valentine. ", "In fact we know almost nothing reliable about this murky figure. ", "Most probably he was a bishop in Terni, Italy, who was martyred about 269 CE, supposedly on February 14. ", "Catholic tradition also posits a second St. Valentine, a priest in Rome who also was martyred the same year, also on February 14. ", "The prevailing view among scholars today is that the bishop of Terni is the real historical personage, but that his figure was then cloned in Rome and mythologized onto that of the nonexistent Roman priest. ", "The stories about this priest were then attributed back to the bishop, which explains why the oldest stories about them are so similar (Kelly; Oruch; OCY, p. 77). (", "Both were said to heal people, whom they converted, thus arousing the ire of Roman authorities, as a result of which they were beheaded, both on February 14, which became the Saint’s feast day.) ", "But none of the earliest stories, nor those of the next thousand years or so, contained or even prefigured any of the love and matchmaking themes and customs that we now associate with Valentine’s Day. ", "We had to await the genius of Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343-1400), who has been called “the original mythmaker” in this instance (Oruch, p. 565), to make the connection and put us back on the path to Eros.", "\n\nChaucer put Valentine’s Day on the map in his poem, Parliament of Fowls, in which birds gather on February 14 to choose their mates:\n\nYou well know how on Saint Valentine’s day,\n\nBy my statute and through my ordinance,\n\nYou come to choose your mates,\n\nAs I prick you with sweet pain,\n\nAnd then fly on your way. [", "Lines 386-90]\n\nScholars over the centuries have tried long and hard to figure out how Chaucer got the idea to link the Saint with the coming of spring, but they have never been able to find an earlier tradition that he could have relied upon (Kelly; Oruch). ", "The troubadours, for instance, wrote about love, birds, and the spring, but never mentioned or made a connection with St. Valentine. ", "Rather, it seems that Chaucer’s creative genius simply combined existing bird lore and traditions of spring with the coincidence of St. Valentine’s feast day falling on the appropriate date of February 14. ", "As mentioned in my last post, there was already a tradition of spring beginning on February 1, while other medieval calendars and sources marked the beginning of spring in mid-February when the sun moved into Pisces (Oruch, p. 550). ", "Indeed, by then signs of spring were appearing, not only birds singing and mating but also some spring flowers, and some farming activity such as the pruning and grafting of trees. ", "An observant poet like Chaucer would not miss this.", "\n\nOnce Chaucer had penned his poem, a cascade of other literature followed connecting the Saint with love. ", "John Gower (1330-1408) and John Lydgate (1370-1451) both wrote that birds choose their mates on Valentine’s Day, Lydgate also making Valentine a type of poem. ", "Sir John Clanvowe (1341-91) wrote The Book of Cupid. ", "Soon members of the aristocracy in England and France started writing love notes on Valentine’s Day, and the custom had reached the commoners by the mid-to late 17th century. ", "From the outset these valentines were decorated, most commonly with hearts and cupids.", "\n\nOnce Valentine’s Day had become a holiday and tradition, further mythmaking about the Saint followed. ", "For example, while an old 5th or 6th century account told that the Saint had healed the blind daughter of his jailer and then converted the whole family to Christianity, now a detail was added that on the eve of his martyrdom the Saint wrote a farewell note to the young lady (implying that he was in love with her), thus accounting for the origin of Valentine notes (Kelly, pp. ", "49-50, 59). ", "As another example, the idea of connecting the origin of some Valentine’s Day traditions (matchmaking and love-notes) with the Roman pagan mid-February festival of Lupercalia also surfaced, beginning in a 1756 century book by Alban Butler and embellished in 1807 by Francis Douce, a notion that scholars disproved long ago (Kelly, pp. ", "59-62; Oruch, p. 539-40) but which nevertheless persists in contemporary books and on the Internet (e.g., Aveni, p. 39-40; Santino, p. 70).", "\n\nQuite apart from what Saint Valentine really did, today we have an image and dynamic of Valentine’s Day that harks back in important ways to the Greek concept of Eros. ", "The occasion of this holiday can encourage us not only to celebrate our bond with our beloved but also to turn the force of our love and compassion toward the highest spiritual ends. ", "At the same time, and quite apart from themes of romance, history shows us that the holiday is also a celebration of the coming of spring, like Groundhog Day and (as we shall see in my next post) Carnival.", "\n\nHaving said these things, this post would not be complete without my paying tribute to my own Valentine, my own lovely wife Elena. ", "Below are some vintage photos from about 30 years ago. ", "We are still going strong!", "\n\nSources and Bibliography\n\nAveni, Anthony. ", "The Book of the Year. ", "New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.", "\n\nBlackburn, Bonnie and Holford-Strevens, Leofranc, eds. ", "The Oxford Companion to the Year. ", "Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999 (cited as “OCY”).", "\n\nCalame, Claude. ", "The Poetics of Eros in Ancient Greece. ", "Trans. ", "Janet Lloyd. ", "Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.", "\n\nHesiod. ", "Theogony.", "\n\nKelly, Henry. ", "Chaucer and the Cult of Saint Valentine. ", "Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1986\n\nOruch, Jack. “", "St. Valentine, Chaucer, and Spring in February,” Speculum 56.3:534-65 (1981).", "\n\nPlato. ", "The Symposium.", "\n\nMost, Glenn. “", "Eros in Hesiod,” in Sanders, Ed, et al, eds., ", "Erôs in Ancient Greece. ", "Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.", "\n\nSantino, Jack. ", "All Around the Year. ", "Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1995." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006335123325698078, 0.0007438655593432486, 0.0007314670947380364, 0.0012856714893132448, 0.0005846527055837214, 0.0016446609515696764, 0.0006728156586177647, 0.0007744056056253612, 0.008784529753029346, 0.0066490257158875465, 0.00057152786757797, 0.0009572255075909197, 0.0005777687183581293, 0.0011618946446105838, 0.000876157428137958, 0.0007418815512210131, 0.0013513177400454879, 0.000830034026876092, 0.0008476840448565781, 0.0016365546034649014, 0.0008346872637048364, 0.000659374229144305, 0.0006234697066247463, 0.0006222098018042743, 0.0006437442498281598, 0.0007311245426535606, 0.0006609446136280894, 0.0007798608276061714, 0.0008622531895525753, 0.0009160788031294942, 0.0007628875900991261, 0.0005886862054467201, 0.0015531745739281178, 0.0006807551253587008, 0.0007052415749058127, 0.026293430477380753, 0.0006060549640096724, 0.0006975908763706684, 0.000704398553352803, 0.0006154616130515933, 0.0007584058330394328, 0.0021953594405204058, 0.0006576896994374692, 0.0008655086858198047, 0.0010196281364187598, 0.0006521464674733579, 0.0007760071312077343, 0.000731751206330955, 0.0009246903355233371, 0.0008180072763934731, 0.0006248668069019914, 0.0006534778513014317, 0.0006644200184382498, 0.0005983895971439779, 0.000626178050879389, 0.0007718972046859562, 0.0006096921279095113, 0.0007225373992696404, 0.0007124935509636998, 0.000746413366869092, 0.0007096068584360182, 0.0006660884828306735, 0.0006196738104335964, 0.0006365602603182197, 0.0009020649595186114, 0.0006593202124349773, 0.0008856820641085505, 0.0008568721241317689, 0.0006351803313009441, 0.0006207914557307959, 0.0011640936136245728, 0.0008714279974810779, 0.0011175733525305986, 0.0007829279056750238, 0.0006560623296536505, 0.0008598841377533972, 0.0009305749554187059, 0.0008497919770888984, 0.0006667134584859014, 0.0007422948838211596, 0.0006648913258686662, 0.003245940199121833, 0.0006296157953329384, 0.0006508828955702484 ]

[ "Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Nissan's Carlos Ghosn warned it might have to rethink its UK investment in the wake of Brexit\n\nNissan has decided to stay in Sunderland.", "\n\nThe Japanese company will build the next version of the Qashqai and X-Trail in the North East.", "\n\nIt's a remarkable development in the light of what Nissan's chief executive Carlos Ghosn said about Brexit.", "\n\nHe cast real doubt over the company's commitment to Sunderland.", "\n\n\"If I need to make an investment in the next few months and I can't wait until the end of Brexit, then I have to make a deal with the UK government.", "\n\n\"If there are tax barriers being established on cars, you have to have a commitment for carmakers who export to Europe that there is some kind of compensation.\"", "\n\nAnd it is certainly possible that those tax barriers could be significant.", "\n\nImage copyright Empics Image caption Nissan employs 7,000 workers at its Sunderland plant\n\nThe EU imposes a tariff on car imports of 10%. ", "Whether that will apply to British made cars, including Nissan's, will depend on the terms of any agreement negotiated with the European Union.", "\n\nBut one possibility is Britain trading on World Trade Organization terms with the EU - and facing the same barriers as WTO members with no trade deal. ", "That would mean that those tariffs would apply.", "\n\nInevitably the Nissan decision has led to speculation about just what government ministers have said to the company. ", "Has Nissan received some sort of assurance that there will be compensation if its cars do face EU tariffs?", "\n\nThe government says not.", "\n\nCompensation conundrum\n\nNissan says it was given assurances that its products would remain competitive after the UK's exit from the EU.", "\n\nMr Ghosn's earlier remarks focussed on tariffs, so presumably that was at least in the minds of top Nissan managers when they received these assurances.", "\n\nOne option would be some sort of direct compensation to the company if it did face new tariffs on its sales into the EU.", "\n\nImage copyright Getty Images Image caption The EU imposes a tariff on car imports of 10% - whether that will apply to UK-made cars is as yet unclear\n\nThat could easily fall foul of World Trade Organisation rules because export subsidies are banned - they are defined as subsidies contingent on export performance. ", "So direct compensation for a tariff looks like it would be caught.", "\n\nSome creative design of the compensation might get around it, breaking the explicit link with tariffs and export sales.", "\n\nEven so Nissan's competitors in other countries would in all likelihood be alert to any such move and could still persuade a government to take the case to the WTO's dispute settlement system, arguing that the arrangement was in effect a prohibited subsidy.", "\n\nThe UK could then ignore the WTO ruling.", "\n\nBut in that event the Organisation can then authorise retaliation - additional tariffs - against a range of British exports.", "\n\nIn any case, British governments have generally been keen on the WTO and its system of international trade based on rules that constrain subsidies and trade barriers.", "\n\nSo Britain would probably be reluctant to defy a WTO ruling.", "\n\nThere is another possibility suggested by the former Prime Minister Tony Blair on BBC Radio 4.", "\n\n\"I should imagine they gave strong assurances about the car industry's access to the single market\".", "\n\nIf that is the case it would mean no tariffs and no need for any compensation.", "\n\nImage copyright Getty Images Image caption The future relationship between the UK and EU is key for many businesses\n\nEven without the degree of access that Norway, for example, has, there is the option of seeking a trade agreement with the EU that would eliminate tariffs, if they were willing to go down that path.", "\n\nWeaker pound\n\nNissan has already had one boost for its competitiveness.", "\n\nIts cars are cheaper in foreign currency because of the decline of the pound, though that has raised the cost of imported parts.", "\n\nStill, the company is unlikely to want to make any long-term assumptions about exchange rates. ", "The fall in sterling may have helped, but would Nissan want to rely on that?", "\n\nWe don't know exactly what the government has offered - indeed whether it has offered anything very specific at all.", "\n\nHowever, a trade agreement that ensured tariff-free access for British industry to the European Union market would raise fewer legal and financial challenges." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006401988794095814, 0.0006706748390570283, 0.0006165292579680681, 0.0006830198690295219, 0.0005702121998183429, 0.0005846702260896564, 0.0005811030277982354, 0.0005770210991613567, 0.0005683363997377455, 0.000580333115067333, 0.0006792072090320289, 0.0005199866718612611, 0.0007022727513685822, 0.0006880215951241553, 0.0005785312969237566, 0.0006353713688440621, 0.0005593792302533984, 0.0006613658624701202, 0.0006653915042988956, 0.0005442340043373406, 0.0005862103425897658, 0.0006722926045767963, 0.000595152610912919, 0.0005321744829416275, 0.0008637181017547846, 0.0005877866642549634, 0.0005222041509114206, 0.0006416034302674234, 0.0005314635345712304, 0.0005581649020314217, 0.0008145378087647259, 0.0005918694077990949, 0.0006524936761707067, 0.0006010783836245537, 0.0005538683035410941 ]

[ "A (Sur)Real Treat\n\nA kid in a candy story, and no I’m not talking about the plot of American Ballet Theater’s ballet “Whipped Cream”\n\nI am frankly talking about the good fortune I feel that Mark Ryden agreed to chat with me for a few minutes amongst the controlled confectionary chaos of preparing for the world premiere of a ballet that features his work in both scenic design and costumes.", "\n\nPop Surrealist Ryden warmly smiles as I hand him lavalier microphone to put under his shirt to record audio.", "I say “you know the routine” to which he replies “actually I don’t know the routine, I don’t like to do on camera interviews, I don’t know how I got talked into this.”", "\n\nYes, I am the recipient of the Golden Ticket, thanks to the persistence and faith of the wondrous publicist at the Segerstrom Center, Scalla Jakso.", "\n\nHe asks if we can move closer the brightly designed candy counter set piece so he can comfortably lean.", "It’s a good choice.", "\n\nThe first time for Mark to be involved in an endeavor like this and his second time at the Segerstrom Center in any capacity.", "Just last year choreographer and ABT artist in residence Alexei Ratmansky reached out to Ryden. ", "As an introduction, Mark met the production team here at the Center to discuss the possibilities and enjoy ABT’s The Nutcracker.", "\n\n“I was thrilled, Alexie… I guess he came across a book of my art in Japan I guess quite a while ago. ", "And he had been trying to think of a project possibly to involve me with.", "He decided he wanted to bring back this old ballet, I don’t know if you know the story of the original ballet, and we hooked up year and half or so ago.", "And he described the project to me and it sounded amazing.”", "\n\nWhipped Cream, a two act ballet based on Schlagobers, originally performed in Vienna 1924 with music by Richard Strauss.", "The ballet follows the story of a young boy who dives too deep into the wonders of a pastry shop with delirious sometimes and disturbing results.", "\n\nA perfect match to Ryden’s artistic sensibilities.", "\n\n“Alexei has talked about his interest in using me and my art, is that on the surface there’s this kind of sweetness but there’s something underneath that, that has kind of a darker or more subconscious stuff that bubbles up.”", "\n\n“I would have liked to have just built everything myself. ", "But there has been a lot of amazing people doing great work, so it’s been going really well.”", "\n\nBut translating personal art to professional sets and costumes meant sharing his vision with others, a real hands- on artist, Mark learned to trust the team to turn sketch and drawings into literal living interpretations, characters able to walk and leap and fill a stage with dreamlike wonder.", "\n\n“I would have liked to have just built everything myself. ", "But there has been a lot of amazing people doing great work, so it’s been going really well.”", "\n\nAnd the wow factor of how to practically create for the dancers, jaw dropping costumes that include the lovely, the frothy, the whimsical and downright giant.", "\n\n“Those giant heads are amazing. ", "They’re made out of a carbon fiber.", "I don’t know if you got a chance to look at one close up.", "But they are just feather weight, amazing material.", "Pick them up and it kind of deceives your mind how light they are for their size.", "But they’re really easy for them to move around in.", "It’s shocking how much motion they have.", "I mean you can see them performing on stage with it.”", "\n\nThe tough part behind him, you can feel Mark enjoys this original experience.", "Watching him watch the progress, walking around chatting, he seems to be truly involved in this world filled with movement.", "\n\n“Of course ever since this started I’ve become quite a fan. ", "I got to see Firebird last year in New York.", "Saw it from both the perspective of the audience, but then I also go to see it from off in the wings entire production from the side.", "And it was one of the most inspirational things I’ve ever seen.", "It was just amazing having that proximity to the dancers gave a real appreciation of what they do out here on stage.", "The super human effort they put into is… because they float around here magically.", "Seem like it’s so effortless, but then they’ll go off stage and just kind of collapse in exhaustion.", "You can really appreciate what they’re putting into it.", "So it was really amazing.”", "\n\nThen I shall add the power of sharing and appreciating the beauty of all arts as another reason why I was given this ‘special treat’ to talk with Mark.", "\n\nMaria Hall-Brown joined PBS SoCal (KOCE) in July of 1997.", "\nShe is the Executive Producer for Arts and Cultural Programming, and the producer/host of the weekly program LAaRT. ", "In addition, she recently produced the first documentary film about cultural visionary/philanthropist, Henry T. Segerstrom: Imagining the Future. ", "Other documentaries include: Be Brave: Samantha’s Story, Matters of Faith, Bulgarian Rhapsody, and Notes from Europe, as well as many holiday specials. ", "For 16 years Maria worked as producer/reporter for the nightly news program Real Orange and the producer/host of author interview series Bookmark. ", "She has garnered two LA Area Emmys and six Golden Mike Awards by the Radio Television News Association for her work. ", "A proud graduate of the University of California, Irvine, she received a Distinguished Alumni Award in 2005. ", "Maria is a passionate supporter of the Arts." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.000622766325250268, 0.001062937080860138, 0.0006248813588172197, 0.0006692445604130626, 0.0006149907130748034, 0.0005756650352850556, 0.0006234573083929718, 0.0006514451815746725, 0.0006872067460790277, 0.0005313435685820878, 0.0006304907146841288, 0.0006055176490917802, 0.0005426533753052354, 0.0007638335810042918, 0.0022892558481544256, 0.0009846967877820134, 0.0005621397867798805, 0.0007048699771985412, 0.0005389780271798372, 0.000648439337965101, 0.0007048699771985412, 0.0005389780271798372, 0.0015326461289077997, 0.0017083919374272227, 0.0010711621725931764, 0.0005976776592433453, 0.0006112718256190419, 0.0019531836733222008, 0.0005967236938886344, 0.0006555026629939675, 0.0006072020041756332, 0.0005682687042281032, 0.0005780735518783331, 0.0007232229108922184, 0.0006030762451700866, 0.0005690248217433691, 0.0006700452067889273, 0.000509296078234911, 0.0007039093761704862, 0.034477945417165756, 0.0005308117833919823, 0.0006184171652421355, 0.0005447179428301752, 0.000621569633949548, 0.0006435411632992327, 0.000591358810197562, 0.0005383526440709829, 0.0006043855682946742, 0.0006408432382158935, 0.0005891869077458978, 0.0006285117124207318 ]

[ "High-level expression, purification, and characterization of non-tagged Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase in Escherichia coli.", "\nThe entire encoding region for Aspergillus flavus uricase was cloned into pET-32a and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). ", "The uricase was expressed in the E. coli cytoplasm in a completely soluble, biologically active form. ", "A scalable process aimed to produce and purify multi-gram quantities of highly pure, recombinant urate oxidase (rUox) from E. coli was developed. ", "The rUox protein was produced in a 30 L fermentor containing 25 L of 2x YT medium and purified to >99% purity using hydrophobic interaction, anion-exchange, and gel filtered chromatography. ", "The final yield of purified rUox from fermentation resulted in approximately 27 g of highly pure, biologically active rUox per kg of cell paste (approximately 238 mg/8.8 g cell paste/L). ", "The results presented here exhibit the ability to generate multi-gram quantities of rUox from E. coli that may be used for the development of pharmaceutics of reducing the hyperuricemia." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0008139759884215891, 0.0007777975988574326, 0.000826022180262953, 0.0008947904570959508, 0.0008966296445578337, 0.0007129590958356857, 0.0007508529233746231 ]

[ "# Copyright 1999-2020 Gentoo Authors\n# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2\n\nEAPI=6\n\nASPELL_LANG=\"Hungarian\"\nASPELL_VERSION=6\n\ninherit aspell-dict-r1\n\nMY_P=\"aspell6-hu-0.99.4.2-0\"\n\nSRC_URI=\"mirror://gnu/aspell/dict/hu/${MY_P}.tar.bz2\"\n\nLICENSE=\"GPL-2\"\nKEYWORDS=\"~alpha amd64 arm arm64 hppa ~ia64 ~m68k ~mips ppc ppc64 ~riscv s390 sparc x86\"\nIUSE=\"\"\n\nS=\"${WORKDIR}/${MY_P}\"\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0007736030383966863 ]

[ "Nessma\n\nNessma TV (, translation: Breeze channel) is a commercial TV channel located in Tunisia, it has a range covering Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Mauritania. ", "Mediaset owns 25% of it. ", "All programmes broadcast on this channel have subtitles in French or Maghrebi Arabic. ", "It broadcasts such programs like Maghreb version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, ", "called Man sa yarbah al malyoon.", "\n\nThe TV channel was launched on March 16, 2007, by Nabil and Ghazi Karoui in partnership with Tarak Ben Ammar and Silvio Berlusconi. ", "It was created it as a subsidiary of Karoui & Karoui World Group.", "\n\nProgramming\n\nShows \n Bissiyassa\n Braquage\n Couzinetna Hakka\n Dhayf Al Ousboua\n Envoyé spécial Maghreb\n Imine Issar\n Jek El Mersoul\n Les guignols du Maghreb\n Memnoua Al Rjel\n Moustawdaa Nessma\n Ness El CAN\n Ness El Hand\n Ness Hollywood\n Ness Nessma\n Ness Sport\n NetMag\n Non Solo Moda\n PlayR\n Star Academy Maghreb\n\nSoap operas \n Aşk-ı Memnu\n Bab al-Hara\n Cello\n Kurtlar Vadisi\n Muhteşem Yüzyıl\n Nsibti Laaziza\n\nBrand identity\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nOfficial website \n\nCategory:Arabic-language television stations\nCategory:Mediaset television channels\nCategory:Television stations in Tunisia\nCategory:Television stations in Morocco\nCategory:Television stations in Algeria\nCategory:Television channels and stations established in 2007" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0007993021863512695, 0.0007293765083886683, 0.0007074724417179823, 0.0010635275393724442, 0.001538590295240283, 0.0006195515743456781, 0.0005947318277321756, 0.0016006197547540069 ]

[ "[Clinical study on development factors of radiation pneumonitis].", "\nForty-six lung cancer patients received radiotherapy from 1982 to 1987 were reviewed to analyze the incidence of radiation pneumonitis and the factors which were related to it. ", "The incidence of which evaluated with plain chest X-ray was 54% at 1 month, 78% at 3 months and 89% at 6 months after radiotherapy. ", "The relationship between severity of pneumonitis and several parameters were studied. ", "As a result, six parameters consisting of pre-radiotherapy granulocyte counts, tumor location, T-factor, radiation dose, radiation field size and the combination timing of chemotherapy were found to be contributing factors." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006416254909709096, 0.0007285827305167913, 0.0006253887549974024, 0.0005753471632488072, 0.0005921786068938673 ]

[ "The appendix as right ureteral substitute in children.", "\nThe appendix has occasionally been used to replace sections of the right ureter. ", "We reviewed the literature of the last 25 years on the use of the appendix as right ureteral replacement and report our experience with right ureteral substitution using the appendix. ", "We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 3 children who underwent appendiceal replacement of the right ureter. ", "The appendix replaced the upper third of the ureter and the lower ureter in 1 and 2 cases, respectively. ", "Followups of 4, 7 and 15 years, respectively, demonstrated that the appendix transports urine satisfactorily and permits renal function to be maintained with no evidence of obstruction. ", "We believe that our small series supports the use of the appendix as a right ureteral substitute in select cases." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.002262968337163329, 0.0006819622358307242, 0.0007025445811450481, 0.0013078020419925451, 0.0008572085644118488, 0.0009997901506721973, 0.0006022665766067803 ]

[ "The Afghanistan Country Portfolio Evaluation (CPE) encompasses the entirety of World Food Programme (WFP) activities in protracted relief and recovery operation (PRRO) 200063 from April 2010 to June 2012. ", "The PRRO aimed to enhance food security and improve the human and productive capital of 7.6 million food-insecure Afghans. ", "As planned, it was the second largest PRRO in the world, representing 9 percent of WFP’s total global budget.", "\n\nGiven the extremely complex and challenging operating environment in Afghanistan, WFP’s operations underwent considerable change over the portfolio period. ", "The evaluation found that WFP was appropriately and closely aligned with the evolving general architecture of government policy. ", "Operationally, the evaluation found that while WFP worked closely with government partners at the local level for delivery, monitoring and follow-up, there were challenges and concerns related to partners’ legitimacy in some regions and the adequacy of their management of WFP’s food distribution.", "\n\nPerhaps most importantly, conflict-sensitivity within the portfolio has remained reactive and focused on the maintenance of current activities rather than re-design. ", "Overall, the medium- and longer-term activities such as food for assets were well received by beneficiary communities and nutrition projects have shown some encouraging results.", "\n\nThe Afghanistan Country Portfolio Evaluation (CPE) encompasses the entirety of World Food Programme (WFP) activities in protracted relief and recovery operation (PRRO) 200063 from April 2010 to June 2012. ", "The PRRO aimed to enhance food security and improve the human and productive capital of 7.6 million food-insecure Afghans. ", "As planned, it was the second largest PRRO in the world, representing 9 percent of WFP’s total global budget.", "\n\nGiven the extremely complex and challenging operating environment in Afghanistan, WFP’s operations underwent considerable change over the portfolio period. ", "The evaluation found that WFP was appropriately and closely aligned with the evolving general architecture of government policy. ", "Operationally, the evaluation found that while WFP worked closely with government partners at the local level for delivery, monitoring and follow-up, there were challenges and concerns related to partners’ legitimacy in some regions and the adequacy of their management of WFP’s food distribution.", "\n\nPerhaps most importantly, conflict-sensitivity within the portfolio has remained reactive and focused on the maintenance of current activities rather than re-design. ", "Overall, the medium- and longer-term activities such as food for assets were well received by beneficiary communities and nutrition projects have shown some encouraging results." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005611149244941771, 0.004319176543504, 0.0008863207185640931, 0.0005588089697994292, 0.0005384290707297623, 0.0005312602152116597, 0.0005373089225031435, 0.0005270160618238151, 0.0005611149244941771, 0.004319176543504, 0.0008863207185640931, 0.0005588089697994292, 0.0005384290707297623, 0.0005312602152116597, 0.0005373089225031435, 0.0005270160618238151 ]

[ "Dialysis is a treatment used to support a patient with insufficient renal function. ", "The two principal dialysis methods are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.", "\nDuring hemodialysis (“HD”), the patient's blood is passed through a dialyzer of a dialysis machine while also passing a dialysis solution or dialysate through the dialyzer. ", "A semi-permeable membrane in the dialyzer separates the blood from the dialysate within the dialyzer and allows diffusion and osmosis exchanges to take place between the dialysate and the blood stream. ", "These exchanges across the membrane result in the removal of waste products, including solutes like urea and creatinine, from the blood. ", "These exchanges also regulate the levels of other substances, such as sodium and water, in the blood. ", "In this way, the dialysis machine acts as an artificial kidney for cleansing the blood.", "\nDuring peritoneal dialysis (“PD”), a patient's peritoneal cavity is periodically infused with sterile aqueous solution, referred to as PD solution or dialysate. ", "The membranous lining of the patient's peritoneum acts as a natural semi-permeable membrane that allows diffusion and osmosis exchanges to take place between the solution and the blood stream. ", "These exchanges across the patient's peritoneum result in the removal of waste products, including solutes like urea and creatinine, from the blood, and regulate the levels of other substances, such as sodium and water, in the blood.", "\nMany PD machines are designed to automatically infuse, dwell, and drain dialysate to and from the patient's peritoneal cavity. ", "The treatment typically lasts for several hours, often beginning with an initial drain cycle to empty the peritoneal cavity of used or spent dialysate. ", "The sequence then proceeds through the succession of fill, dwell, and drain phases that follow one after the other. ", "Each phase is called a cycle." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0008805026300251484, 0.0007633173954673111, 0.003566519357264042, 0.005927777849137783, 0.008622665889561176, 0.0009589529945515096, 0.02600775845348835, 0.002347989473491907, 0.022456400096416473, 0.005225516855716705, 0.0031692658085376024, 0.0011897955555468798, 0.0006318718660622835, 0.0006526914658024907 ]

[ "Enhancement of IgG production elicited in mice by treatment with anti-CD8 antibody.", "\nInjection of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody into mice was followed by an increase in the production of immunoglobulins of the IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b, but neither the IgG3 nor the IgM isotypes. ", "A maximal effect was observed 6 days after administration of 100 micrograms antibody. ", "However, no modification of spleen cell proliferation was elicited by the anti-CD8 treatment. ", "Virally induced IgG2a and IgG2b secretion remained unchanged in mice infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus that received a concomitant injection of anti-CD8 antibody, whereas an enhancement of IgG1 was observed. ", "Simultaneous treatment with an anti-CD4 antibody abrogated the immunoglobulin secretion triggered by anti-CD8. ", "These results suggest that immunoglobulin production in unmanipulated mice is controlled by CD8+ lymphocytes." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0008503719000145793, 0.0007154979393817484, 0.0006105047650635242, 0.0007157707586884499, 0.000898387748748064, 0.0010016069281846285, 0.0015298154903575778 ]

[ "Q:\n\nDoes Stack Overflow for Teams have a pricing model that supports large organizations?", "\n\nCurrently, the listed price for Stack Overflow Enterprise is $17 per user, which is fine for small organizations but would be a sizable investment for a moderately-sized organization (over $1 million a year for 5000 users) and prohibitively expensive for large organizations.", "\nDoes Stack Exchange offer any pricing model that's tailored towards organizations that have a very large user base?", "\n\nA:\n\nThere does not seem to be a pricing model for large organizations on the pricing page outside the $17 per month and user.", "\nHowever, as Jose Antonio Dura Olmos already mentioned, it's likely they would be open to custom deals and negotiations. ", "Just contact them through the usual channels and tell them about your specific requirements (many users, potentially not very active ones) and ask them to make you an offer or make an offer to them and see how it develops.", "\nThere is some business logic for lower rates for larger organizations because:\n\nit would be a large volume deal, StackExchange unlikely want to miss out on it\nthe larger the organization, the higher the fraction of rather inactive users (I guess)\nscaling effects on both sides, ...\n\nHow much lower (if at all) is up to negotiations.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007673235377296805, 0.0006262652459554374, 0.0006564253708347678, 0.0006128854583948851, 0.0005209816736169159, 0.0005623651668429375, 0.0005940062110312283, 0.001995444530621171 ]

[ "using MxNet.", "Gluon;\nusing MxNet;\nusing System;\nusing System.", "Collections.", "Generic;\nusing System.", "Text;\n\nnamespace MxNet.", "GluonCV.Losses\n{\n public class MixSoftmaxCrossEntropyOHEMLoss : SoftmaxCrossEntropyOHEMLoss\n {\n public MixSoftmaxCrossEntropyOHEMLoss(bool aux= true, float aux_weight= 0.2f, int axis = -1, bool sparse_label = true, bool from_logits = false, float? ", "weight = null, int? ", "batch_axis = 0, string prefix = \"\", ParameterDict @params = null) : base(sparse_label, batch_axis.", "Value, prefix: prefix, @params: @params)\n {\n throw new NotSupportedException();\n }\n\n private NDArrayOrSymbol AuxForward(NDArrayOrSymbol pred1, NDArrayOrSymbol pred2, NDArrayOrSymbol label, NDArrayOrSymbol sample_weight = null, params object[] args)\n {\n throw new NotSupportedException();\n }\n\n public override NDArrayOrSymbol HybridForward(NDArrayOrSymbol x, params NDArrayOrSymbol[] args)\n {\n throw new NotSupportedException();\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0007755757542327046, 0.0011076487135142088, 0.0008056002552621067, 0.0007576470379717648, 0.0006393020157702267, 0.001729718060232699, 0.0012149388203397393, 0.0007001164485700428, 0.0014465386047959328 ]

[ "Q:\n\nWhat is the best way to run separate thread in nodejs?", "\n\nI have a react application, and I need a thread/process outside of the main thread to run some functions every hour, or even every day.", "\nI don't know how to implement this, whether create a new API using Java or other app, or use js' setInterval() technique. ", "I found nodejs Worker Threads too. ", "But I don't know what is the best way to implement it.", "\nThe process itself is getting a data (an array) from public API, and process the data periodically, it will be a 'stay online' process since I want to run this in a cloud and stay online for a long time.", "\nSo, can I have any suggestion of how to implement this?", "\nThank you very much.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can use this lib Node Schedule\nor you can use node.js built in lib child_process \nspawn(), exec(), execFile(), and fork()\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007158461376093328, 0.0005797302583232522, 0.0006643776432611048, 0.0006563931819982827, 0.0006212670123204589, 0.0005534716765396297, 0.0006476318230852485, 0.0005244523636065423, 0.0007174754282459617 ]

[ "Assessment of right ventricular performance by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in patients after intraatrial repair of aortopulmonary transposition in infancy or childhood.", "\nThe purpose of this study was to determine whether measurement of aortic blood flow velocity and acceleration by pulsed Doppler ultrasound can be used to assess the global performance of the systemic right ventricle noninvasively in young patients who have undergone intraatrial repair of aortopulmonary transposition. ", "The effect of age at surgery on right ventricular performance in these patients was also studied. ", "Pulsed Doppler velocity profiles of aortic blood flow were analyzed at a mean age of 5.5 years in 24 patients who had undergone intraatrial repair of aortopulmonary transposition either in early infancy (mean age 3.4 +/- 1.3 weeks) or later (mean age 8.5 +/- 6.5 months). ", "Velocity and acceleration variables in these patients were compared with the same variables in 24 age-matched normal subjects and with the performance of their own right ventricle as assessed by two-dimensional echocardiographic measurement of ejection fraction. ", "The 12 patients who underwent early repair had a higher ejection fraction than did the 12 who underwent later repair (mean +/- SD 0.60 +/- 0.07 versus 0.42 +/- 0.10; p less than 0.001). ", "Aortic flow velocity was similar in all patients. ", "Aortic acceleration was normal in patients after early intraatrial repair of aortopulmonary transposition (20.8 +/- 2.3 m/s2), but was abnormally slow in patients after late repair (11.1 +/- 1.8 m/s2; p less than 0.001), thus suggesting that the latter group had diminished right ventricular performance. ", "Concomitantly, acceleration time and ratio of acceleration time to ejection time were increased in patients after late repair.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0008428667788393795, 0.00080940529005602, 0.0011481718393042684, 0.0006627931725233793, 0.0008664708584547043, 0.0007913117296993732, 0.0006132684648036957, 0.0008831762243062258, 0.0005912922788411379 ]

[ "VLC Beta video player app available to download for Android\n\nAndroid users can now download a beta version of VLC, the media player that can play almost any video file, audio file or stream you throw at it.", "\n\nThough the current beta version will work only with devices that house at the very least an ARMv7 CPU that supports NEON, assuming the app doesn’t blow up any smartphones it should be rolled out to a big audience in due course.", "\n\nFeatures that will be present in the beta version of VLC on Android include support for multi-track audio and subtitles, auto-rotation, gesture volume control and aspect-ratio adjustments.", "\n\nAlong with the capability of playing all manner of multimedia files, the VLC beta app includes a widget to control the volume, while it will fully support audio headsets and also include an audio media library.", "\n\nPocket-lint will be bringing a review of the VLC beta app on Android in the near future, but in the meantime you can download it now from the Google Play Store.", "\n\nHave you downloaded the beta version of VLC for Android? ", "Tell us what you think in the comments below." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0007750988006591797, 0.0007468541152775288, 0.0006044356850907207, 0.0006956894649192691, 0.0005838586366735399, 0.0007122413371689618, 0.0005538107361644506 ]

[ "2013\n\nPortraits of Czech People Series – school teachers\n\nIllustration, Various illustration\n\nPortrait project at the illustration studio at Umprum.", "\nDrew the real people (professors, teachers, head of workshops and assistants of design department!) ", "and made a B&W illustration.", "\nIt was the first time for me to draw the Czech people seriously. ", "I found a lot of different points between them and Japanese!", "\n\nPDF version. ", "enjoy their name and profession 😉\nBook (all students’ works together) is avairable at AI+G in AAAD" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006148460088297725, 0.0006909176590852439, 0.0007509498973377049, 0.0008925755973905325, 0.0006048586801625788, 0.0006848677876405418, 0.000642481551039964 ]

[ "Defining and computing optimum RMSD for gapped and weighted multiple-structure alignment.", "\nPairwise structure alignment commonly uses root mean square deviation (RMSD) to measure the structural similarity, and methods for optimizing RMSD are well established. ", "We extend RMSD to weighted RMSD for multiple structures. ", "By using multiplicative weights, we show that weighted RMSD for all pairs is the same as weighted RMSD to an average of the structures. ", "Thus, using RMSD or weighted RMSD implies that the average is a consensus structure. ", "Although we show that in general, the two tasks of finding the optimal translations and rotations for minimizing weighted RMSD cannot be separated for multiple structures like they can for pairs, an inherent difficulty and a fact ignored by previous work, we develop a near-linear iterative algorithm to converge weighted RMSD to a local minimum. ", "10,000 experiments of gapped alignment done on each of 23 protein families from HOMSTRAD (where each structure starts with a random translation and rotation) converge rapidly to the same minimum. ", "Finally we propose a heuristic method to iteratively remove the effect of outliers and find well-aligned positions that determine the structural conserved region by modeling B-factors and deviations from the average positions as weights and iteratively assigning higher weights to better aligned atoms." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006143308710306883, 0.0005632537649944425, 0.0005986049072816968, 0.0006334126810543239, 0.0006084985798224807, 0.000563529203645885, 0.0005769465351477265, 0.0006213966989889741 ]

[ "Local Business Directory\n\nPhelps Memorial Hospital Center\n\nAbout Us\n\nPhelps Memorial Hospital Center (PMHC), a 238-bed not-for-profit acute care hospital bordered to the west by the Hudson River, is located along Route 9 in Sleepy Hollow, New York. ", "Phelps provides…read more\n\nAbout\n\nPhelps Memorial Hospital Center (PMHC), a 238-bed not-for-profit acute care hospital bordered to the west by the Hudson River, is located along Route 9 in Sleepy Hollow, New York. ", "Phelps provides medical care to the residents of Westchester County and surrounding communities. ", "Phelps is licensed by the New York State Department of Health and the New York State Department of Mental Health. ", "It is accredited by the College of American Pathologists, the American College of Radiology, the New York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services (OASAS), and the American Dental Association, among others. ", "Phelps is also accredited by The Joint Commission." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006189242703840137, 0.0005907602608203888, 0.000884472276084125, 0.0019660587422549725, 0.0006352009368129075, 0.0006138503085821867 ]

[ "747 F.2d 1462\nDayv.", "Amoco Chemicals Corporation*\nNO. ", "84-2298\nUnited States Court of Appeals,fifth Circuit.", "\nOCT 25, 1984\nAppeal From: S.D.Tex., ", "595 F.Supp. ", "1120\n\n1\nDISMISSED.", "\n\n\n\n*\n Fed.", "R.App.", "P. 34(a); 5th Cir.", "R. 34.2\n\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.000838373089209199, 0.0007220322149805725, 0.0008119901758618653, 0.000679641671013087, 0.0013120407238602638, 0.0009497703285887837, 0.006078991107642651, 0.0009975661523640156, 0.0008306369418278337, 0.0009522970067337155 ]

[ "Expression of Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein in carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.", "\nRaf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has emerged as a significant metastatic suppressor in a variety of human malignancies. ", "We have recently demonstrated that reduced expression of RKIP is significantly associated with invasion and metastasis in periampullary carcinomas, including pancreatic carcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, and extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. ", "In this study, we evaluated RKIP expression in ampulla of Vater (AoV) carcinoma and investigated its prognostic significance. ", "Immunostaining for RKIP was performed for 80 and 21 cases with primary and nodal metastatic AoV carcinoma, respectively. ", "RKIP expression was reduced in 32.5% (26/80) and 66.7% (14/21) of primary and nodal metastatic AoV carcinoma cases, respectively. ", "This distribution of RKIP expression was statistically significant (P < 0.001). ", "The reduction in RKIP expression was significantly associated with the presence of nodal (P = 0.008) and distant (P = 0.002) metastases, a higher TNM stage group (P = 0.010), lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), and a shorter disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.028) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS; P = 0.005). ", "In addition, reduced RKIP expression was an independent prognostic predictor for worse DFS and DMFS (P = 0.032 and P = 0.036, respectively). ", "Our data suggest that a reduction in RKIP expression contributes to invasion and metastasis in AoV carcinoma and is a significant prognostic marker in patients with AoV carcinoma." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.001691275043413043, 0.0007273912196978927, 0.0012194715673103929, 0.0009162045316770673, 0.0006752058397978544, 0.0007038945914246142, 0.0005802147788926959, 0.000872833130415529, 0.0009056535782292485, 0.0009176941821351647 ]

[ "Anti-Distracted Driving Act (Philippines)\n\nThe Anti-Distracted Driving Act, officially recorded as Republic Act No. ", "10913, is a law in the Philippines that prohibits distracted driving by restricting and penalizing the use of mobile phones and other electronics devices while driving on any public thoroughfare, highway or street in the Philippines. ", "The republic act defines \"distracted driving\" as \"using mobile communications device to write, send, or read a text-based communication or to make or receive calls\" or \"using an electronic entertainment or computing device to play games, watch movies, surf the internet, compose messages, read e-books, perform calculations, and other similar acts\" while behind the wheel of a moving vehicle or while temporarily stopped at a red light. ", " The law covers all private and public vehicles, including agricultural machines, construction equipments, public utility buses and jeepneys, taxicabs, motorcycles, tricycles, pedicabs, kuligligs and carriages.", "\n\nEnactment\nOn February 3, 2016, Senators Bong Revilla, Jinggoy Estrada and Sergio Osmeña III filed Senate Bill No. ", "3211 at the Philippine Senate Committee on Public Services which aims to \"safeguard its citizenry from the ruinous and extremely injurious effects of vehicular accidents\" caused by the \"unrestrained use of electronic mobile devices.\" ", "Similar legislation was also introduced in the Philippine House of Representatives as House Bill No. ", "4531 on June 6, 2016 by Tarlac Rep. Susan Yap, Northern Samar Rep. Harlin Abayon, Buhay Party-List Reps. ", "Irwin Tieng and Lito Atienza, Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Antipolo Rep. Romeo Acop, DIWA Party-List Rep. Emmeline Aglipay, Camarines Sur Rep. Rolando Andaya Jr., Catanduanes Rep. Cesar Sarmiento, Camiguin Rep. Xavier Jesus Romualdo, and Quezon Rep. Angelina Tan. ", "\n\nThe road safety measure was submitted by the 16th Congress of the Philippines to President Benigno Aquino III on July 27, 2015 and lapsed into law without the President's signature or veto on July 21, 2016. ", "Under Article 6 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, \"the President shall communicate his veto of any bill to the House where it originated within 30 days after the date of receipt thereof; otherwise, it shall become a law as if he had signed it.\" ", "It also states that a law will take effect 15 days after its publication in at least two newspapers of general circulation.", "\n\nEnforcement\nThe Anti-Distracted Driving Act took effect on May 18, 2017 under the new administration of President Rodrigo Duterte. ", "Under the law, drivers are only allowed to use hands-free functions of gadgets, such as speaker phones, provided that these do not block their line of sight. ", "The implementing agency is the Land Transportation Office (LTO) under the Department of Transportation that was tasked to promulgate the necessary implementing rules and regulations within 60 days from the effectivity of the Act. ", "It also ordered the LTO, the Philippine Information Agency, the Department of Education, the Department of the Interior and Local Government and the Philippine National Police (PNP) to undertake a nationwide information, education and communication campaign for a period of 6 months from the effectivity of the Act. ", "The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, the PNP and other law enforcement agencies are required to enforce the act.", "\n\nFines\nA motorist caught in violation of the Act shall be fined for the first offense, for the second offense, and for the third offense plus suspension of his or her driving license for 3 months. ", "On the fourth offense, the erring driver shall be fined plus a revocation of the driving license.", "\n\nErring drivers of public utility vehicles, school buses, school service vehicles, and common carriers hauling volatile, flammable or toxic material shall be fined and suspension of their driving license for 3 months. ", "The same penalty applies to motorists caught in violation of the Act within a radius of school premises.", "\n\nThe LTO, as implementing agency, may increase the amount of fines once every five years, in the amount not exceeding 10 percent of the existing rates, which shall take effect only upon publication in at least two newspapers of general circulation.", "\n\nExemptions\nThe Act does not apply to:\n\n Motorists using mobile phones for emergency purposes, including emergency calls to a law enforcement agency, health care provider, fire department or other emergency services;\n\n Motorists operating emergency vehicles such as ambulances, fire trucks and other emergency vehicles, in the course and scope of their duties.", "\n\nReaction\n Transportation network companies Grab and Uber welcomed the implementation of the Anti-Distracted Driving Act and said it would contribute to road safety, benefitting both drivers and commuters. ", "They reminded all their partner-drivers to strictly comply with the new law as they have distributed materials for their drivers to make sure they know what they can and cannot do while transporting their passengers.", "\n\nSuspension\nOn May 23, 2017, enforcement of the Act was suspended after it caused confusion among motorists due to lack of proper information dissemination. ", "The House Committee on Transportation asked for a review of the implementing rules and regulations after it was learned that the Land Transportation Office only conducted an awareness campaign for enforcers and not the public at large. ", "The committee pointed out the provision in the law that stipulates that its full implementation should only come after a six-month aggressive information campaign. ", "LTO chief Edgar Galvante admitted the lapse in implementation and said that the LTO does not have the authority to carry out the information drive unless approved first by both chambers of Congress. ", "The House Committee then passed a motion to hold in abeyance the law's implementation.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Philippine law\nCategory:Road safety\nCategory:Traffic law\nCategory:2017 in transport\nCategory:2017 in the Philippines\nCategory:Road safety in the Philippines\nCategory:Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0006600252818316221, 0.0009124007192440331, 0.0006714361952617764, 0.0007846850785426795, 0.0007381622563116252, 0.0007658069371245801, 0.0006057459395378828, 0.0006888466305099428, 0.0010093777673318982, 0.0005361798102967441, 0.0005616532289423048, 0.0005997490370646119, 0.0006375578814186156, 0.0006794235086999834, 0.0005700263427570462, 0.0005785999819636345, 0.000603131134994328, 0.0011359655763953924, 0.0019458640599623322, 0.0007162299589253962, 0.0015447410987690091, 0.0005645923665724695, 0.0007447940297424793, 0.0005521399434655905, 0.0005927305901423097, 0.0006316211074590683, 0.0005403668619692326, 0.000548508542124182, 0.0007164310081861913, 0.0006718733347952366, 0.0005608377396129072 ]