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These Anti-Doping Rules shall have no application to any case where a final decision finding an anti -doping rule violation has been rendered and the period of Ineligibility has ex pired. |
24.7.5 For purposes of assessing the period of Ineligibility for a second violation under Article 10.9.1, where the sanction for the first violation was determined based on rules in force prior to the Effective Date, the period of Ineligibility which woul d have been assessed for that first violation had these Anti -Doping Rules been applicable, shall be applied.73 24.7.6 Changes to the Prohibited List and Technical Documents relating to substances or methods on the Prohibited List shall not, unless they specifica lly provide otherwise, be applied retroactively. |
As an exception, however, when a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method has been removed from the Prohibited List , an Athlete or other Person currently serving a period of Ineligibility on account of th e formerly Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method may apply to IFA or other Anti-Doping Organization which had Results Management responsibility for the anti -doping rule violation to consider a reduction in the period of Ineligibility in light of the removal of the substance or method from the Prohibited List . |
73 [Comment to Article 24.7.5: Other than the situation described in Article 24.7.5, where a final decision finding an anti -doping rule violation has been rendered prior to the Effective Date and the period of Ineligibility imposed has been completely served, these Anti -Doping Rules may not be used to re -characterize the prior violation.] |
2021 IFA Anti -Doping Rules ( October 2020) Page 58 of 65 APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS74 ADAMS : The Anti-Doping Administration and Management System is a Web -based database management tool for data entry, storage, sharing, and reporting designed to assist stakeholders and WADA in their anti- doping operations in conjunction with data protection legislation. |
Administration : Providing, supplying, supervising, facilit ating, or otherwise participating in the Use or Attempted Use by another Person of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method . |
However, this definition shall not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance or Prohib ited Method Used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification and shall not include actions involving Prohibited Substances which are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstra te that such Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance. |
Adverse Analytical Finding : A report from a WADA -accredited laboratory or other WADA -approved laboratory that, con sistent with the International Standard for Laboratories, establishes in a Sample the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method . |
Adverse Passport Finding : A report identified as an Adver se Passport Finding as described in the applicable International Standards . |
Aggravating Circumstances : Circumstances involving, or actions by, an Athlete or other Person which may justify the imposition of a period of Ineligibility greater than the standa rd sanction. |
Such circumstances and actions shall include, but are not limited to: the Athlete or other Person Used or Possessed multiple Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods , Used or Possessed a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method on multiple occasions or committed multiple other anti -doping rule violations; a normal individual would be likely to enjoy the performance -enhancing effects of the anti -doping rule violation(s) beyond the otherwise applicable period of Ineligibility ; the Athlete or Person engaged in deceptive or obstructive conduct to avoid the detection or adjudication of an anti-doping rule violation; or the Athlete or other Person engaged in Tampering during Results Management . |
For the avoidance of doubt, the examples of circumsta nces and conduct described herein are not exclusive and other similar circumstances or conduct may also justify the imposition of a longer period of Ineligibility . |
Anti-Doping Activities : Anti -doping Education and information, test distribution planning, maintenance of a Registered Testing Pool , managing Athlete Biological Passports , conducting Testing , organizing analysis of Samples , gathering of intelligence and conduct of investigations, processing of TUE applications, Results Management , monitoring and enforcing compliance with any Consequences imposed, and all other activities related to anti -doping to be carried out by or on behalf of an Anti-Doping Organization , as set out in the Code and/or the International Standards . |
Anti-Doping Organization : WAD A or a Signatory that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. |
This includes, for example, the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, other Major Event Organizations that conduct Testing at their Events , International Federations, and National Anti -Doping Organizations. |
Athlete : Any Person who competes in sport at the international level (as defined by each International Federation) or the national level (as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organization ). |
An Anti-Doping Organization has discretion to apply anti -doping rules to an Athlete who is neither an International -Level Athlete nor a National -Level Athlete , and thus to bring them within the definition of “ Athlete ”. |
In relation to Athletes who are neither International -Level nor National -Level Athletes , an Anti-Doping Organization may elect to: conduct limited Testing or no Testing at all; analyze Samples for less than the full menu of Prohibi ted Substances ; require limited or no whereabouts information; or not require advance TUEs . |
However, if an Article 2.1, 2.3 or 2.5 anti -doping rule violation is committed by any Athlete over whom an 74 [Comment to Definitions: Defined terms shall inclu de their plural and possessive forms, as well as those terms used as other parts of speech.] |
2021 IFA Anti -Doping Rules ( October 2020) Page 59 of 65 Anti-Doping Organization has elected to exercise its authority to test and who competes below the international or national level, then the Consequences set forth in the Code must be applied. |
For purposes of Article 2.8 and Article 2.9 and for purposes of anti -doping information and Education , any Person who participates in sport under the authority of any Signatory , government, or other sports organization accepti ng the Code is an Athlete .75 Athlete Biological Passport : The program and methods of gathering and collating data as described in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations and International Standard for Laboratories. |
Athlete Support Perso nnel: Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, team staff, official, medical, paramedical personnel, parent or any other Person working with, treating or assisting an Athlete participating in or preparing for sports Competition . |
Attempt : Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the commission of an anti -doping rule violation. |
Provided, however, there shall be no anti - doping rule violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the Person renounces the Attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the Attempt . |
Atypical Finding : A report from a WADA -accredited laboratory or other WADA -approved laboratory which requires further investigation as provided by the International Standard for Laboratories or related Technical Documents prior to the determination of an Adverse Analytical Finding . |
Atypical Passport Finding : A report described as an Atypical Passport Finding as described in the applicable Internati onal Standards . |
CAS: The Court of Arbitration for Sport. |
Code : The World Anti -Doping Code . |
Competition : A single race, match, game or singular sport contest. |
For example, a basketball game or the finals of the Olympic 100-meter race in athletics. |
For stage races and other sport contests where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis the distinction between a Competition and an Event will be as provided in the rules of IFA (IFA Competition Rules (IFCR)) Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violat ions (“Consequences ”): An Athlete's or other Person's violation of an anti-doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete’s results in a particular Competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting Consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred on account of an anti -doping rule violation for a specified period of time from participating in any Competition or other activit y or funding as provided in Article 10.14; (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition or activity prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8; (d) Financia l Consequences means a financial sanction imposed for an anti -doping rule violation or to recover costs associated with an anti -doping rule violation; and (e) Public Disclosure means the dissemination or distribution of information to the general public or Persons beyond those Persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14. |
Teams in Team Sports may also be subject to Consequences as provided in Article 11. |
Contaminated Product : A product that contains a Prohibited Substance that is not disclosed on the product label or in information available in a reasonable Internet search. |
75 [Comment to Athlete: Individuals who participate in sport may fall in one of five categories: 1) International -Level Athlete, 2) National -Level Athlete, 3) individuals who are not International - or National -Level Athletes but over whom the International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization has chosen to exercise authority, 4) Recreational Athlete, and 5) individuals over whom no International Federation or National Anti-Doping Organization has, or has chosen to, exercise authority. |
All International - and National -Level Athletes are subject to the anti -doping rules of the Code, with the precise definitions of international and national level sport to be set forth in the anti-doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations.] |
2021 IFA Anti -Doping Rules ( October 2020) Page 60 of 65 Decision Limit : The value of the result for a threshold substance in a Sample , above which an Adverse Analytical Finding shall be reported, as defined in the International Standard for Laboratories. |
Delegated Third Party : Any Person to which IFA delegates any aspect of Doping Control or anti -doping Education programs including, but not limited to, third parties or other Anti-Doping Organizat ions that conduct Sample collection or other Doping Control services or anti -doping Educational programs for IFA, or individuals serving as independent contractors who perform Doping Control services for IFA (e.g., non - employee Doping Control officers or chaperones). |
This definition does not include CAS. |
Disqualification : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Doping Control : All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate disposition of any appeal and the enfo rcement of Consequences , including all steps and processes in between, including but not limited to Testing , investigations, whereabouts, TUEs , Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, Results Management and investigations or proceedings relati ng to violations of Article 10.14 (Status During Ineligibility or Provisional Suspension ). |
Education : The process of learning to instill values and develop behaviors that foster and protect the spirit of sport, and to prevent intentional and unintentional doping. |
Event : A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Olympic Games, World Championships of an International Federation, or Pan American Games). |
Event Period : The time between the beginning and end of an Event , as established by the ruling body of the Event . |
Event Venues : Those venues so designated by the ruling body for the Event . |
Fault : Fault is any breach of duty or any lack of care appropriate to a particular situation. |
Factors to be taken into consi deration in assessing an Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault include, for example, the Athlete’s or other Person’s experience, whether the Athlete or other Person is a Protected Person , special considerations such as impairment, the degree of risk that should have been perceived by the Athlete and the level of care and investigation exercised by the Athlete in relation to what should have been the perceived level of risk. |
In assessing the Athlete’s or other Person’s degree of Fault , the circumstance s considered must be specific and relevant to explain the Athlete’s or other Person’s departure from the expected standard of behavior. |
Thus, for example, the fact that an Athlete would lose the opportunity to earn large sums of money during a period of Ineligibility, or the fact that the Athlete only has a short time left in a career, or the timing of the sporting calendar, would not be relevant factors to be considered in reducing the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.6.1 or 10.6.2.76 Financial Co nsequences : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
IFA: International Fistball Association. |
In-Competition : The period commencing at 11:59 p.m. on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate through the e nd of such Competition and the Sample collection process related to such Competition .77 76 [Comment to Fault: The criterion for assessing an Athlete’s degree of Fault is the same under all Articles where Fault is to be considered. |
However, under Article 10.6.2, no reduction of sanction is appropriate unless, when the degree of Fault is assessed, the conclusion is that No Significant Fault or Negligence on the part of the Athlete or other Person was involved.] |
77 [Comment to In -Competition: Having a univ ersally accepted definition for In -Competition provides greater harmonization among Athletes across all sports, eliminates or reduces confusion among Athletes about the relevant timeframe for In -Competition Testing, avoids inadvertent Adverse Analytical Fi ndings in between Competitions during an Event and assists in preventing any potential performance enhancement benefits from substances prohibited Out-of-Competition being carried over to the Competition period.] |
2021 IFA Anti -Doping Rules ( October 2020) Page 61 of 65 Independent Observer Program : A team of observers and/or auditors, under the supervision of WADA , who observe and provide guidance on the Doping Control process prior to or during certain Events and report on their observations as part of WADA’s compliance monitoring program. |
Individual Sport : Any sport that is not a Team Sport. |
Ineligibility : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Institutional Independence : Hearing panels on appeal shall be fully independent institutionally from the Anti- Doping Organization responsible for Results Management . |
They must therefore not in any way be administered by, connected or subject to the Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Results Management . |
International Event : An Event or Competition where the International Olympic Committee, the International Paralympic Committee, an International Federation, a Major Event Organization, or another international sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event. |
International -Level Athlete : Athlete s who compete in sport at the international level, as defined by each International Federation, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
For the sport of Fistball, International -Level Athletes are defined as set out in the Scope section of the Introduction to these Anti-Doping Rules.78 International Standard : A standard adopted by WADA in support of the Code . |
Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly. |
International Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to the International Standard . |
Major Event Organizations : The con tinental associations of National Olympic Committees and other international multi -sport organizations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other International Event . |
Marker : A compound, group of compounds or biological variab le(s) that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method. |
Metabolite : Any substance produced by a biotransformation process. |
Minimum Reporting Level : The estimated concentration of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite(s) or Marker( s) in a Sample below which WADA -accredited laboratories should not report that Sample as an Adverse Analytical Finding . |
Minor : A natural Person who has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years. |
National Anti -Doping Organization : The entity(ies) designa ted by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement anti -doping rules, direct the collection of Samples , manage test results and conduct Results Management at the national level. |
If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country’s National Olympic Committee or its designee. |
National Event : A sport Event or Competition involving International - or National -Level Athletes that is not an International Event . |
78 [Comment to International -Level Athlete: Consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, IFA is free to determine the criteria it will use to classify Athletes as International -Level Athletes, e.g., by ranking, by participation in particular International Events, by type of license, etc. |
However, it must publish those criteria in clear and concise form , so that Athletes are able to ascertain quickly and easily when they will become classified as International -Level Athletes. |
For example, if the criteria include participation in certain International Events, then the International Federation must publish a list of those International Events.] |
2021 IFA Anti -Doping Rules ( October 2020) Page 62 of 65 National Federation : A national or regional entity which is a member of or is recognized by IFA as the entity governing IFA's sport in that nation or region. |
National -Level Athlete : Athletes who compete in sport at the national level, as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organization, consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. |
National Olympic Committee : The organization recognized by the International Olympic Committee. |
The term National Olympic Committee shall also include the National Sport Confederation in those countries where the National Sport Confederation assumes typical National Olympic Committee responsibilities in the anti -doping area. |
No Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Person's establishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had Used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or otherwise violated an anti -doping rule. |
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any viola tion of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system. |
No Significant Fault or Negligence : The Athlete or other Person's establishing that any Fault or Negligence , when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence , was not significant in relationship to the anti -doping rule violation. |
Except in the case of a Protected Person or Recreational Athlete , for any violation of Article 2.1, the Athlete must also establish how the Prohibited Substance entered the Athlete’s system. |
Operational Independence : This means that (1) board members, staff members, commission members, consultants and officials of the Anti-Doping Organization with responsibi lity for Results Management or its affiliates (e.g., member federation or confederation), as well as any Person involved in the investigation and pre -adjudication of the matter cannot be appointed as members and/or clerks (to the extent that such clerk is involved in the deliberation process and/or drafting of any decision) of hearing panels of that Anti-Doping Organization with responsibility for Results Management and (2) hearing panels shall be in a position to conduct the hearing and decision -making pro cess without interference from the Anti-Doping Organization or any third party. |
The objective is to ensure that members of the hearing panel or individuals otherwise involved in the decision of the hearing panel, are not involved in the investigation of, or decisions to proceed with, the case. |
Out-of-Competition : Any period which is not In-Competition . |
Participant : Any Athlete or Athlete Support Person . |
Person : A natural Person or an organization or other entity. |
Possession : The actual, physical Possessio n, or the constructive Possession (which shall be found only if the Person has exclusive control or intends to exercise control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists); provided, however, that if the Person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists, constructive Possession shall only be found if the Person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method and intended to exercise control over it. |
Provided, however, there shall be no anti -doping rule violation based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind t hat the Person has committed an anti - doping rule violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person never intended to have Possession and has renounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organization . |
Notwit hstanding anything to the contrary in this definition, the purchase (including by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes Possession by the Person who makes the purchase.79 Prohibited List : The List ident ifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods . |
Prohibited Method : Any method so described on the Prohibited List . |
Prohibited Substance : Any substance, or class of substances, so described on the Prohibited List . |
2021 IFA Anti -Doping Rules ( October 2020) Page 63 of 65 Protected Person : An Athlete or other natural Person who at the time of the anti -doping rule violation: (i) has not reached the age of sixteen (16) years; (ii) has not reached the age of eighteen (18) years and is not included in any Registered Testing Pool and has never competed in any International Event in an open category; or (iii) for reasons other than age has been determined to lack legal capacity under applicable national legislation.80 Provisional Hearing : For purposes of Article 7.4.3, an expedited abbreviated hearing occurring prior to a hearing under Article 8 that provides the Athlete with notice and an opportunity to be heard in either written or oral form.81 Provisional Suspension : See Consequences of Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Publicly Disclose : See Consequences o f Anti -Doping Rule Violations above. |
Recreational Athlete : A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti-Doping Organization ; provided, however, the term shall not include any Person who, within the five (5) years prior to committing an y anti-doping rule violation, has been an International -Level Athlete (as defined by each International Federation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations) or National -Level Athlete (as defined by each National Anti -Doping Organization consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category or has been included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintained by any International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization .82 Regional Anti -Doping Organization : A regional entity designated by member countries to coordinate and manage delegated areas of their national anti -doping programs, which may include the adoption and implementation of anti -doping rules, the planning and collection of Samples , the management of results, the review of TUEs , the conduct of hearings, and the conduct of Educational programs at a regional level. |
79 [Comment to Possession: Under this definition, anabolic steroids found in an Athlete's car would constitute a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that event, IFA must establish that, even though the Athlete did not have exclu sive control over the car, the Athlete knew about the anabolic steroids and intended to have control over them. |
Similarly, in the example of anabolic steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete and spouse, IFA must estab lish that the Athlete knew the anabolic steroids were in the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over them. |
The act of purchasing a Prohibited Substance alone constitutes Possession, even where, for example, the product does not arriv e, is received by someone else, or is sent to a third -party address.] |
80 [Comment to Protected Person: The Code treats Protected Persons differently than other Athletes or Persons in certain circums tances based on the understanding that, below a certain a ge or intellectual capacity, an Athlete or other Person may not possess the mental capacity to understand and appreciate the prohibitions against conduct contained in the Code. |
This would include, for example , a Paralympic Athlete with a documented lack of legal capacity due to an intellectual impairment. |
The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.] |