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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Edwards_(Welsh_politician)"}

Welsh politician (born 1956) Richard Edwards (born 25 August 1956 in Llanelli) is a former Welsh Labour politician who was a Member of the National Assembly for Wales for Preseli Pembrokeshire from 1999 to 2003. Before politics he worked in local government and was a political researcher. Background He was educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Carmarthen and holds a PhD from the University of Birmingham. He is a member of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators and a member of Unison. He is a cousin of BBC Newsreader Huw Edwards. Political career He was Mayor of Carmarthen in 1997. Member of the National Assembly for Wales for Preseli Pembrokeshire from 1999 to 2003. Shortly after being selected as a candidate he was diagnosed with leukemia, he was elected in 1999 and stood down at the 2003 election. In the First Assembly, he was Chair of the Local Government and Environment Committee, then the Environment, Planning and Transport Committee from March 2000. Offices held

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Island_cattle"}

Breed of cattle Amsterdam Island cattle were a rare feral breed of cattle (Bos taurus) that were introduced in 1871 and existed in isolation on Amsterdam Island, a small French territory in the southern Indian Ocean. The population was eradicated in 2010 in the course of an environmental restoration program. History A party led by Heurtin, a French farmer (sometimes described as a peasant) from Réunion island, on 18 January 1871 attempted to settle the uninhabited 55 km2 island. After seven months, their attempts to raise sheep and cattle and grow crops had been unfruitful and they departed on 19 August, abandoning their livestock, including five cattle, on the island. Over the next century or so a combination of factors caused further ecological devastation of the island, which had already been impacted by the introduction of invasive species of plants and animals, as well as by unrestricted hunting, timber-cutting and wildfire caused by sealers and other visitors. The Amsterdam duck and several species of petrel became extinct, and the breeding population of the endemic Amsterdam Island albatross, previously thought to be a subspecies of the wandering albatross, was reduced to just five pairs. When the native Phylica arborea (syn. Phylica nitida) forest was almost entirely destroyed, grazing by the increasing numbers of cattle prevented natural regeneration. The original five cattle had grown to about 2000, which occupied an area of 3000 ha, at a density of 0.64 individuals per hectare. The only part of the island the cattle did not unoccupy was the Plateau des Tourbières, over 550 m above sea level. Although the cattle posed a threat to the island's environment, they formed one of the very few herds of feral Bos taurus anywhere in the world. In 1987 a fence was built across the island in order to mitigate the damage the cattle were imposing on the flora and fauna of Amsterdam, as well as to preserve the breed because of scientific interest in its isolation-derived genetic character. During 1988 and 1989 the 1059 cattle south of the fence were culled. Subsequently, the cattle were restricted to the northern part of Amsterdam. About 50-80 mainly adult and subadult males out of a herd of about 350 individuals were shot each year to provide fresh meat for the inhabitants of the Martin-de-Viviès research station, the only settlement on the island. In 2007, after a study showed that the areas that were not grazed were recolonized by native plants, it was decided to kill all of the remaining cattle on the island. An association of people who had been wintering on the island tried to oppose the decision, but in vain. The slaughter began in 2008 and ended in 2010. Description Sea captain Charles C. Dixon described an encounter with the cattle ca. 1900: We didn't have to hunt for the cattle. They remained on the slope, looking at us with surprise and resentment. They were horned, and brown in colour, and some of them had decided humps. I suppose they were a cross between a British breed and Indian cattle. We could see several herds of them beyond the one we faced, and I think there must have been a thousand or more of them. — A Million Miles in Sail, p. 178 The cattle were descended from French stock present on Réunion at the time of their introduction, including Jersey, Tarentaise, Grey Alpine, and Breton Black Pied breeds. They were generally small-bodied, with medium-length horns, and exhibited a variety of colour patterns, including one that was reminiscent of the aurochs. Adult male cattle had an average weight of about 390 kg, while adult females weighed about 290 kg. Citations and references Citations

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_China_International_Challenger_Jinan_%E2%80%93_Singles"}

2017 tennis event results This was the first edition of the tournament. Lu Yen-hsun won the title after defeating Ričardas Berankis 6–3, 6–1 in the final. Seeds Draw Key Finals Top half Bottom half

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sompolno"}

Place in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland Sompolno [sɔmˈpɔlnɔ] is a town in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,700 inhabitants (2004). History In the 10th century, the area became part of the emerging Polish state under its first historic ruler Mieszko I. In 1242, Duke Casimir I of Kuyavia from the Piast dynasty stayed in Sompolno, and issued a privilege for the Sulejów Abbey there. Sompolno was granted town rights in 1477. It was a royal town, administratively located in the Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland. During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), Sompolno was renamed to Deutscheck between 1939–1943 and then later to Deutscheneck between 1943–1945 in attempt to erase traces of Polish origin. Sports The local football club is GKS Sompolno. It competes in the lower leagues. Gallery

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Canadian cinematographer and photographer Léna Mill-Reuillard is a Canadian cinematographer and photographer. She is most noted as a two-time Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Cinematography in a Documentary, receiving nods at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards in 2016 for Welcome to F.L. (Bienvenue à F.L.) and at the 8th Canadian Screen Awards in 2020 for City Dreamers, and a Prix Iris nominee for Best Cinematography in a Documentary at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2022 for Sisterhood (Ainsi soient-elles). Her other film credits have included the films The Cut (La Coupe), Still Night, Still Light (Mes nuits feront écho), Pre-Drink, A Colony (Une colonie), No Ordinary Man, Fanmi, Joutel and Noémie Says Yes (Noémie dit oui). As a photographer, she was a nominee for the Prix nouvelle génération de photographe in 2021. She is an alumna of the Université du Québec à Montréal.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunscore_railway_station"}

Former railway station in Scotland Dunscore (NX858840) was one of the four principal stations on the Cairn Valley Light Railway (CVR) branch, from Dumfries. It served the rural area of Dunscore in Dumfries and Galloway. The line was closed to passengers during the war in WW2. History The CVR was nominally independent, but was in reality controlled by the Glasgow and South Western Railway. The line was closed to passengers on 3 May 1943, during WW2 and to freight on 4 July 1949, and the track lifted in 1953. The station cost £212 to build in red brick with cream painted poster boards and chocolate-coloured framing. The extension over the front was covered with red tiles, as was the main roof. A booking office and waiting room was provided. Water columns and tanks were fitted at each end of the station platform. A station master's house was provided A three-arched red brick-faced viaduct crossed the River Cairn just below the station. Electrically controlled home and starter signals were present for both directions and a telephone system was provided for communication between stations. In about 1936 the London Midland and Scottish Railway removed the original signals and the line was worked by a brass Key Token Trains, however replacement signals were provided to control the passing loop. Trains were controlled by a 'lock and block' system whereby the trains operated treadles on the single line to interact with the block instruments.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Mohicans"}

1965 film by Mateo Cano Fall of the Mohicans (Spanish: Uncas, el fin de una raza/ Uncas, The End of a Race, or Italian: L'ultimo dei Mohicani) is a 1965 Spanish-Italian historical western adventure film directed by Mateo Cano and starring Jack Taylor, Paul Muller and Sara Lezana. The film is based on James Fenimore Cooper's 1826 novel The Last of the Mohicans, but made in the style of a Spaghetti Western. It was shot on location in the Tabernas Desert of Almería Another adaptation of the story The Last Tomahawk was released the same year by Germany's Constantin Film. Story In 1757 French troops take Fort William Henry. British Colonel Munro and his two daughters are captured by the Marques of Montcalm and offered to the Huron chief Cunning Fox. Cast Bibliography

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Irish rugby union player Rugby player Seán Cronin (born 6 May 1986) is an Irish rugby union player who plays as a hooker for Leinster in the United Rugby Championship. He also played for the Ireland national rugby union team. Youth Cronin was educated at Ardscoil Rís in Limerick. He previously played with Shannon and Munster Rugby, where he had progressed through their academy to a development contract. Cronin's rugby career began to take off while playing in the All-Ireland League for Shannon. Before becoming a professional rugby player, Cronin played minor Gaelic football with Limerick in 2004. He also won a Limerick Senior Football Championship medal with Monaleen in 2005. Professional Outings for Ireland A and two Celtic League appearances for his home province of Munster saw Cronin attract the attention of Connacht who offered him a full contract in the summer of 2008. In January 2011 it was announced that Cronin would join Leinster on a 2-year contract for the 2011–12 season, after 3 seasons at Connacht. Cronin retired at the end of the 2021–22 season. Ireland Cronin represented Ireland in rugby at Ireland Schools, U19, U21, and A (Ireland Wolfhounds) levels.[citation needed] Cronin earned his first cap against Fiji in November 2009. His second cap came as a replacement for Rory Best during the Ireland v Wales Six Nations game in March 2010. He won his first start against New Zealand in the 2010 summer tests and also started against Australia. On 10 March 2018 Cronin scored a try in Ireland's 28–8 win over Scotland. The win clinched the 2018 Six Nations title for Ireland. While a mainstay of the Irish team for several years, Cronin started in only 10 of his 72 tests for Ireland. He made his first 6 Nations start in 2019 against Italy, his 32 previous 6 Nations appearances having come as a substitute.

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English cricketer Geoffrey Coe (born 29 March 1943) is a former English cricketer. Coe was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. He was born at Earl Shilton, Leicestershire. Coe made a single first-class appearance for Leicestershire against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1963. Coe wasn't called upon to bat in either of Leicestershire's innings, while with the ball he took the wickets of Edward Antrobus in Cambridge University's first-innings, and Richard Hutton in their second, bowling a total of 26 overs and conceding 77 runs for his two wickets. Leicestershire won the match by 9 wickets. This was his only major appearance for Leicestershire.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maizi%C3%A8res,_Meurthe-et-Moselle"}

Commune in Grand Est, France Maizières (French pronunciation: [mɛzjɛʁ] ( listen)) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Cup_at_Greyville"}

Horse race The Gold Cup is a Grade 3 thoroughbred horse race run over 3200m at Greyville Racecourse in Durban, South Africa. The first running of the race took place in 1920 however it was not run in 1942. The race is considered "Africa’s premier marathon for long-distance runners." The race historically takes place on the last weekend of July, which coincides with the end of the racing season. This was previously a Grade 1 race, until it was downgraded to a Grade 2 in 2016, and then Grade 3 in 2017. Most Winners Jockey Felix Coetzee has won the most Gold Cups with 8. He equalled Charlie Barends record of 7 winners in 1998, before breaking it in 2012. Past Winners Sponsors The race is sponsored by Marshalls World of Sport since the 2021 running of the Gold Cup. It is subsequently now called the Marshalls World Of Sport Gold Cup. Previous sponsors include eLAN Property Group (2014-2019), Ladbrokes (2012), Canon (2002-2011), Natal Wholesale Jewellers and Game.

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Beavan is a surname of Welsh origin, meaning "son of Evan". Notable people with the surname include:

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American artist Magnus Colcord "Rusty" Heurlin (July 5, 1895 – March 10, 1986) was a Swedish-American artist best known for his pastel palette and depictions of Alaskan landscapes. Background Magnus Colcord Heurlin was born in Christanstad, Skåne County, Sweden. He was the son of Berndt Felix Heurlin and Sophie Bjorklund. He was raised at the house at 2 Nichols Street in Wakefield, Massachusetts after the family returned to the U.S. from Sweden in 1896. He attended art classes conducted by Harold Mathews Brett at the Fenway School of Illustration in Boston, Massachusetts. Career Heurlin first came to Alaska in 1916, to Valdez, traveling aboard the SS Northwestern from Seattle, Washington. He later moved to Utqiagvik where he lived and painted, concentrating on the Inupiat, creating many works depicting whaling and hunting. He joined the U.S. Navy in 1917 and left the territory during World War I, serving in France. Because of his extensive knowledge of armaments he attained a job as Admiral Plunkett's orderly in the naval railroad batteries. After the war, Heurlin lived for many years in Westport, Connecticut, where he began his professional art career as an illustrator for magazines published in New York City. In the early 1930s he was selected as an artist for the WPA Arts Project in Westport's public school buildings. He returned to Alaska around 1935, and moved outside Fairbanks to the gold mining village of Ester with his wife, Anne Downer Severin (d. 1971). The artist worked on the gold dredges near Ester for the Fairbanks Exploration (FE) Company at the Independence Mine. In 1942 Heurlin became an officer in the Alaska Territorial Guard which was organized to protect Alaska from Japanese invasion. After World War II he returned to his cabin in Ester, where he resided until his death at age 90. Heurlin taught the first art classes at the University of Alaska Fairbanks in the 1950s, and received an honorary doctorate from the university in 1971. He was also named to Alaska's 49ers Hall of Fame. Heurlin was known for his pastel palette and luminous skies, and influenced many later Alaska artists, such as Fred Machetanz. Sources

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_in_the_Netherlands"}

List of events Events in the year 1934 in the Netherlands. Incumbents Events Films Births Deaths

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MMS may refer to: Science and technology Network communication protocols Other Schools Government and politics Other uses Topics referred to by the same term

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Sarah Ann Henley (8 July 1862 – 31 March 1948) was a barmaid from Easton, Bristol, who became famous in 1885 for surviving a suicide attempt by jumping from the Clifton Suspension Bridge, a fall of almost 75 metres (246 ft). Attempted suicide On Friday, 8 May 1885, Thomas Stevens, resident inspector for the Clifton Suspension Bridge, reported that Henley had climbed over the railings and on to the parapet. Before anyone could reach her, she had thrown herself off. Witnesses claimed that a billowing effect created by an updraft of air beneath her crinoline skirt slowed the pace of her fall, misdirecting her away from the water and instead toward the muddy banks of the Bristol side of the Avon River. Although there is no evidence that the wind or the skirt saved Henley from the fall, the story has nevertheless become a local Bristol legend. An article dated 16 May 1885 in the City Notes of a local newspaper, the Bristol Magpie, reports as follows: The rash act was the result of a lovers quarrel. A young man, a porter on the Great Western Railway, determined to break off the engagement, wrote a letter to the young woman announcing his intention. This preyed on the girl's mind, and she, in a state of despair, rushed to end her life by the fearful leap from the Suspension Bridge. After her landing in the thick mud of low-tide, two passers-by, John Williams and George Drew, rushed to her assistance. They found her in a state of severe shock, but alive, and escorted her to the refreshment rooms of the nearby railway station, where she was attended to by a Doctor Griffiths and a Detective Robertson, who had also observed the incident. Despite her being conscious and able to answer questions, the doctor insisted that she be escorted to the Bristol Infirmary urgently. Detective Robertson sought the assistance of a local cabman, who refused on the grounds that transporting her covered in filth would make his cab dirty. Despite an offer of payment and stressing that she could die if she was not treated urgently, he stubbornly refused stating "I don't care – let her die". With no other option, a stretcher was sought from the local Clifton Police Station. Though it was a journey of more than an hour, she was carried to the Infirmary, where she was treated for severe shock and internal injuries. While she was in hospital slowly recovering, the story of her misfortune and survival quickly spread and numerous proposals of marriage and fame were offered. The cabman later defended his actions in a letter to the Bristol Times & Mirror, stating that he had only just had his cab cleaned and repaired, during which it was off the road and he was unable to earn a living. He called for a fund to be set up to assist cabbies in these circumstances and pointed out that the corporation should have had an ambulance available for incidents like this. Later life Sarah Ann never went back to the Rising Sun in Ashton where she was working as a barmaid. On the 26 January 1900, she married Edward Lane, who worked at a Bristol wagon works. With the passing of time, Henley ceased being self-conscious about the affair. She even kept as souvenirs the photographs of the two children, Ruby and Elsie Brown, who in September 1896 survived being thrown off the bridge by their deranged father. Living to be 85 years of age, she died on 31 March 1948, and was buried 6 April 1948 at Avon View Cemetery.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissurina_subcomparimuralis"}

Species of lichen Fissurina subcomparimuralis is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Florida, it was described as new to science in 2011.

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Czech wrestler Josef Vávra was a Czech wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman light heavyweight at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Harley_(1579%E2%80%931656)"}

English statesman Sir Robert Harley KB (baptised 1 March 1579 – 6 November 1656) was an English statesman who served as Master of the Mint for Charles I. A devout Puritan, he supported Parliament in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Life He was the son of Thomas Harley of Brampton Bryan Castle in Herefordshire and his wife Margaret, daughter of Sir Andrew Corbet. He entered Oriel College, Oxford in 1595, earning a BA in 1599. He entered Middle Temple in 1599. He was invested as a Knight of the Bath on 25 July 1603. After his first marriage in 1603, he served in various local offices in Herefordshire and Radnorshire, including representing Radnor in Parliament in 1604, Herefordshire in 1624 and 1626 and Evesham in 1628. In 1623 he had married Brilliana, daughter of Sir Edward Conway, one of the Secretaries of State, and acted as his aide in Parliament. He was rewarded for this by being appointed Master of the Mint. He was deprived of this office in 1635 but reinstated in 1643. During this period, his attitude was more that of a country gentleman than of a courtier. In religion (like Brilliana), Harley was a puritan, taking an anti-Catholic and later also anti-Arminian line. He was successively elected to both Parliaments in 1640 (Short Parliament and Long parliament), where he opposed ship money, Laudian ecclesiastical innovations and the Scottish War. This led him to join the Parliamentary party. Harley was in charge of the Committee for the Demolition of Monuments of Superstition and Idolatry, and presided over the destruction of a great deal of religious art and architecture. He was an active member of that party both in Parliament and in Herefordshire, Brampton Bryan Castle undergoing siege in 1643 and 1644. On 30 September 1642, Parliamentarians led by Harley and Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford occupied Hereford without opposition. In December, they withdrew to Gloucester because of the presence in the area of a Royalist army under Lord Herbert. His support for reconciliation with the king led to his being excluded from the House of Commons in Pride's Purge. He and his son Edward, a colonel in the Parliamentarian army, were imprisoned until after the king's execution. He resigned as Master of the Mint in May 1649 and took no further part in politics. He left several sons, his heir Edward being the father of Queen Anne's Lord Treasurer, Robert Harley, who was raised to the peerage as the Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer. Sources

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Aguilar"}

Municipality and town in Jujuy Province, Argentina El Aguilar is a company mining town and municipality in Jujuy Province in Argentina. At 3,980 metres (13,060 ft), it is one of the highest settlements in the country after Mina Pirquitas which is at 4,160 metres (13,650 ft). It has 3655 inhabitants (2001 census). Climate El Aguilar has an alpine climate (Köppen ETH) with two distinct seasons. There is a relatively mild wet season from December to March and a bone-dry dry season with frigid mornings from April to November.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_at_the_2021_Islamic_Solidarity_Games"}

Sporting event delegation Indonesia participates in the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey from 9 to 18 August 2022, the Games were rescheduled from 20 to 29 August 2021, the event was postponed to be held from 10 to 19 September 2021 in July 2020 by the ISSF because the original dates were coinciding with the 2020 Summer Olympics, which were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2021, the ISSF postponed the event to August 2022 citing the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the participating countries. Medalists Competitors The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games. Athletics (track and field) Key Men Track and road events Field events Women Track and road events Field events Archery Men Recurve Compound Women Recurve Compound Mixed Recurve Compound Cycling Road Men Women Track Pursuit Scratch Omnium Gymnastics Rhythmic Individual Artistic Women Team Individual Kickboxing Full Contact Women Low Kick Men Women Judo Shooting Men Women Mixed Swimming Men Women Table tennis Singles Taekwondo Weightlifting Men Women Wrestling Women

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caelostomus_obscuripes"}

Species of beetle Caelostomus obscuripes is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was first described by Straneo in 1938.

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English footballer Richard Twist was an English professional association footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in The Football League for Burnley and Preston North End, making 13 league appearances in total.

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General Whitmore may refer to: Topics referred to by the same term

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Lake in the state of Lakes of Michigan, United States Body of water Watkins Lake is a 238 acres (96 ha) lake in Waterford Township in Oakland County, Michigan. The private, 25 feet (7.6 m) deep all-sports lake is spring fed and is entirely residential. It is located north of Watkins Lake Rd and west of Dixie Highway. Namesake Watkins Lake was named for a man named Watkins, who, in 1825, was its first white settler. Mr. Watkins settled in sections 22 and 23 on the south shore of the lake. Fish Fish in Watkins Lake include bluegill, walleye, perch and rainbow trout.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pic_la_Selle"}

Mountain in Haiti Pic la Selle (Kreyòl: Pik Lasel), also called Morne La Selle, is the highest peak in Haiti with a height of 2,680 metres (8,793 ft) above sea level. The mountain is part of the Chaîne de la Selle mountain range. It is located in the Ouest administrative department.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mock_mayor"}

The election of a mock mayor is British folk tradition found in a number of communities throughout the British Isles. A mock mayor is an individual who is elected by a popular informal assembly of individuals as a parody of the official office of mayor in any given community. Examples Examples may be found in: Cornwall Elsewhere

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowe_Bluff"}

Rowe Bluff (68°1′S 65°33′W / 68.017°S 65.550°W / -68.017; -65.550Coordinates: 68°1′S 65°33′W / 68.017°S 65.550°W / -68.017; -65.550) is a bluff rising to 1,200 m on the north side of Trail Inlet, Bowman Coast, 5 nautical miles (9 km) northeast of Williamson Bluff. The bluff was photographed from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth, November 21, 1935, and was mapped from these photographs by W.L.G. Joerg. It appears in subsequent American photographs from United States Antarctic Service (USAS), 1940, and was surveyed by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1946–48. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in 1977 for Lieutenant Commander Gary L. Rowe, USCG, Engineer Officer on USCGC Burton Island, U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze, 1975. This article incorporates public domain material from "Rowe Bluff". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

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Hospital in Iowa, United States Xavier Hospital was a hospital located in Dubuque, Iowa. It was located in the northern part of the city at the intersection of Windsor Avenue and Davis Street. With Finley Hospital and Mercy Hospital Xavier Hospital was one of three hospital facilities in the city of Dubuque. History Opened in 1949, Xavier had 132 beds and was operated by the Franciscan Sisters of the Holy Family. The facility had Dubuque's first intensive-care unit and first recovery room and cared for Dubuque's polio victims in the months prior to the announcement of a vaccine. In 1974 the hospital was honored for its twenty-five year membership in the Catholic Hospital Association. Xavier's census often exceeded 100%. Patients were "doubled-up" in rooms. Beds were occasionally placed in corridors as the hospital cared for polio victims in 1953-54. In 1957 the hospital installed a radio receiving station which operated on a closed circuit frequency and had the call letters: W-E-L-L. The station provided day-long programming of the hospital's choice with an option of six commercial stations for patients use. W-E-L-L's own program included relaxing music, regular prayers, Holy Mass, and announcements. Xavier was thought to be the second hospital in Iowa to install such a station with the other in Sioux City. The use of the hospital began to decline in 1965. This was clearly evident in 1979 when admissions dropped from 2,142 to 1,701 in the first six months. There were no layoffs, but hours were cut, and some vacant positions were not filled. In November 1981, the obstetrics department was the first to be closed. In 1980 Dubuque was described by the Iowa Health Systems Agency as having thirty-two more hospital beds than necessary. The same year the Sisters of Mercy and the Sisters of St. Francis announced the merger of Xavier and Mercy hospitals. Xavier was to continue in operation with a combined management and no layoffs. Occupancy at Xavier, however, continued to decline. In November 1981, the last baby was delivered at the hospital. Sister Helen Huewe was the CEO of Xavier in 1982 when it was closed one year after being purchased by Mercy Medical Center. In 1986 Mercy entered into an partnership with Arizona developer Alan Israel to renovate the building. Plans were made to convert the former hospital, at a cost of $8.5 million, into a retirement center complete with 163 apartments that would sell for between $30,000-$80,000, residential care floor, mini-mall, and performing arts center. By 1987 these plans had been dropped. The former hospital was saved from demolition in 1989 when Windsor Park Retirement Center was renovated by Kennedy Construction Company with the assistance of a City Council approved tax abatement arrangement. The grand opening was held on January 21 and 22, 1989. The first administrator of the center was Paul G. Gabrielson, the former administrator of Bethany Home for fifteen years.

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Ukrainian footballer Nazar Bohdanovych Verbnyi (Ukrainian: Назар Богданович Вербний; born 26 July 1997) is a Ukrainian professional football midfielder who plays for Ahrobiznes Volochysk. Club career Verbnyi is a product of the FC Karpaty Lviv School System. His first trainer was Vasyl Leskiv. He made his debut for FC Karpaty as a main-squad player in a match against FC Chornomorets Odesa on 17 September 2016 in the Ukrainian Premier League. International career He also played for Ukraine national under-16 football team. Personal life His elder brother Volodymyr Verbnyi is also a football player.

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New Zealand netball player and coach Gail Parata (born 26 November 1967) is a New Zealand netball coach and former player. She coached the Scotland national netball team from 2013 to 2019. She was appointed head coach of the Central Pulse in the ANZ Premiership in September 2020. After a poor performance of the team Parata was released early from her coaching contract. Parata played one game for New Zealand's national netball team, the Silver Ferns in 1996. She had stints as assistant coach of the Central Pulse and Northern Mystics, and was assistant coach of the Silver Ferns in 2012. Of Māori heritage, Parata affiliates to Ngāruahine, Ngā Rauru, Ngāti Ruanui, Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Toa and Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai iwi.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Richard_Grosvenor,_1st_Baronet"}

English politician Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet (9 January 1585 – 14 September 1645) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1629. He is an ancestor of the modern day Dukes of Westminster. Grosvenor was born at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, reportedly the only surviving male child of 17 children. His father was Richard Grosvenor of Eaton, and his mother was Christian, the daughter of Sir Richard Brooke of Norton Priory, Cheshire. His early education was by John Bruen, a local puritan and at the age of 13 he went to The Queen's College, Oxford. He matriculated in 1599 and graduated BA on 30 June 1602. Political career In 1602 Grosvenor was High Sheriff of Cheshire. He was knighted by James I in Vale Royal on 24 August 1617. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Cheshire. He was created baronet on 23 February 1622. In 1623, he was High Sheriff of Cheshire again and, in 1625, High Sheriff of Denbighshire. He was re-elected MP for Cheshire in 1626 and 1628, and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years. His diary-taking has been described as meticulous and it is thought his diary taking represents some of the most complete accounts of Parliamentary debate from the period.[citation needed] Incarceration Grosvenor stood surety for the debts of his son-in-law, Peter Daniell, but, in 1629, Daniell defaulted on his debts, and for almost ten years Grosvenor was incarcerated in the Fleet Prison. Sir Richard Grosvenor died in Eaton Hall in 1645 and was buried in Eccleston Church. Family Grosvenor married three times. His first marriage was in 1600, to Lettice Cholmondeley, of Cholmondeley, Cheshire. With her, he had a son and three daughters. Lettice died in 1612 and two years later he married Elizabeth Wilbraham, the daughter of Sir Thomas Wilbraham of Woodhey, Cheshire. Following her death in 1621 he married Elizabeth Warburton, daughter and sole heiress of Sir Peter Warburton of Grafton, also in Cheshire. His third wife died in 1627. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son Sir Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Baronet.

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Will Hobson is an American journalist and the recipient of the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting. Early life and career Hobson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1984. He attended Boston College where he wrote op-eds for the student newspaper The Heights. He graduated in 2006 with a bachelor's degree in English. Hobson interned at Philadelphia magazine in 2006. He has worked as an investigative reporter for the Tampa Bay Times, the News Herald and The Daytona Beach News-Journal. In 2014, he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his exposé on Tampa's homeless housing program. He works as a sports reporter for The Washington Post. Awards

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British actress Barbara Rose Kellerman (originally spelt Kellermann; born 30 December 1949) is an English actress, known for her film and television roles. She trained at Rose Bruford College. Kellerman was born in Manchester, Lancashire. Her Jewish father, Walter Kellermann (1915–2012), had fled Nazi Germany and settled in Leeds, where he became a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Physics at the University of Leeds. Her mother, Marcelle, was a member of the French Resistance during the Second World War who became a teacher of modern foreign languages. Kellerman has a younger brother Clive and a younger sister Judith. Career Kellerman's film credits include: Satan's Slave, The Monster Club and The Sea Wolves. Her television appearances include: Space: 1999, The Glittering Prizes, 1990, The Mad Death, Quatermass and The Chronicles of Narnia and the hard-hitting police drama The Professionals (1979), episode Runner, in which she played Sylvie the girlfriend of a former police officer who also has a relationship with a renegade former member of an organised crime network. She is also known for her appearances in the BBC adaptations of three of the Narnia books, most notably as the tyrannical White Witch in The Lion, the Witch & the Wardrobe (1988). A year later she had a minor role as the Old Hag (Narnian Hag) in Prince Caspian in (1989), and finally as the evil Lady of the Green Kirtle in The Silver Chair in 1990. On the radio, she portrayed Modesty Blaise in a 1978 BBC World Service adaptation of the novel Last Day in Limbo. She made a 20-minute drama for With Light Productions in 2007 for director Anita Parry entitled The Lights of Santa Cruz. It co-starred Christian Rodska and was the story of two middle-aged divorcees doing up a boat on the Somerset coast. It was filmed in Watchet, Somerset (a small shipping port on the south west coast of England) over a four-day period, mostly on a refitted Swedish fishing boat, the Josefine. The film was entered into Bristol's Brief Encounters Festival and is currently looking for distribution. During the late 1980s and early 1990s in between acting work, Kellerman worked for Sainsbury's in the former Green Park railway station in Bath. Personal life Kellerman lived in Bath, Somerset during the 1980s and 1990s. She is a former wife of Robin Scobey (born 1945). Filmography Film Television

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Aladdin_Company"}

The Aladdin Company was a pioneer in the pre-cut, mail order home industry. Sometimes referred to as Aladdin Readi-Cut Houses, the company was the first to offer a true kit house composed of precut, numbered pieces. Its primary competitors were Montgomery Ward and Sears, Roebuck and Co. in the US and Eaton's in Canada. Two other kit home manufacturers, Lewis and Sterling, were also based in Bay City. Aladdin began operations in 1906 and ceased operations in 1987. In 2014 the rights to the company name and logo were acquired by Charles Munro and sold in 2018 History Origins Aladdin was founded by two brothers, W. J. Sovereign and O. E. Sovereign in Bay City, Michigan, after W. J. observed the success of the Brooks Boat Mfg. Co. in selling knock-down boats. The company began by selling boat houses, garages and summer cottages. Almost immediately the company was also involved in the Canadian market, and eventually opened a branch office in the prestigious Canadian Pacific Building in Toronto, and several other regional offices in Canada. Boom years Aladdin quickly expanded to become one of largest mail-order house companies. By 1915 sales surpassed $1 million. In 1918 Aladdin alone accounted for 2.37 percent of all housing starts in the United States, around 1,800 homes. The company's greatest success came from sales to industries which constructed company towns around new plants, mines and mills. The town of Hopewell, Virginia was largely developed by the DuPont Company using Aladdin homes. In 1917 Aladdin shipped 252 houses to Birmingham, England for the Austin Motor Company who built Austin Village to house workers for munitions, tank and aircraft manufacture during World War I. Decline Aladdin began the development of a planned community called Aladdin City in southern Miami-Dade County, Florida, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The collapse of the boom not long after construction had begun proved disastrous. Aladdin's output fell below 1000 homes in 1928 on the eve of the Great Depression, and never recovered. It exited the Canadian market in 1952. The company continued to produce catalogues, and maintained sales of a few hundred homes per year through the 1960s. During the 1970s sales fell further and by 1982 the company ceased manufacturing. The company ceased all operations in 1987. In 2014, the Aladdin Company was re-established and the new owner has re-registered the original Company Trademark Contributions The Aladdin Company, along with other catalogue-home businesses, played a key role in providing affordable housing to Americans in the period between the turn of the twentieth century and World War II. It also made key advancements in the prefabrication of housing which would enable the post-war housing boom. Finally, it helped to propagate preferences across the U.S. and Canada for common architectural styles such as the Craftsman, Bungalow, Four-Square and Cape Cod homes.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Transfiguration_on_Ilyina_Street"}

The Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior (Russian: Церковь Спаса Преображения на Ильине улице) is a former Russian Orthodox Church that stands on Ilyina (Elijah) Street in Veliky Novgorod just east of the Marketplace. The current building was built in 1374 and frescoed by Theophanes the Greek (Feofan Grek or Феофан Грек in Russian) in 1378. Substantial portions of those frescoes still remain, including the Christ Pantocrator in the dome, a number of saints inside the south entrance, and The Old Testament Trinity in the western vestry, as well as others. The current building is now a museum, part of the Novgorod State Museum-Preserve. History A church stood on the site since at least the 12th century. The Icon of Our Lady of the Sign was originally housed there. According to a famous legend, in 1169, Archbishop Ilya brought the icon out of the church and across the Volkhov River to the Detinets during a siege of the city by the Suzdalians. The icon is said to have miraculously saved the city. Because of this, the icon and the broader episode came to symbolize the city and its independence, and were depicted in several icons of the battle, one of which is on display in the Novgorod Museum in the Detinets. The icon itself was later transferred to the Church of Our Lady of the Sign, which was built in the latter 17th century next to the Church of the Transfiguration especially to house the icon. It was kept in a museum during the Soviet period and is now housed in the Saint Sophia Cathedral where it is displayed just in front of the main iconostasis. In addition to being something of a pilgrimage site for the famous icon, the chronicles also note that the Church of the Transfiguration on Ilin Street, which stood just inside the eastern gates of the city, was often the place where the Novgorodians met their archbishop or other dignitaries upon their arrival in the city from Moscow (for instance, after the archbishop's consecration or following other trips to that city, or when Byzantine or other church dignitaries such as the metropolitan visited the city.) It was one of the first places a traveler would come to in the city as he passed down Ilyin Street to the market or passed over the great bridge into the Detinets. Thus, the clergy and the people, displaying icons and crosses, often met their archbishop there and then processed with him through the market and over the bridge to the cathedral and archiepiscopal palace in the Detinets.

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Historical archives The Center for American War Letters is a center established in 2013 after historian Andrew Carroll donated more than 100,000 war letters to Chapman University. Background The Center for American War Letters (CAWL) is housed in the Leatherby Libraries building at Chapman University in Orange, California. Every American conflict is represented in the collections at CAWL, including more than 40 linear feet of correspondence from World War II. Scholars and the public can visit the Center and browse its holdings by visiting the Center during business hours. There are also regular exhibits at CAWL featuring the letters and other war ephemera. Collection Notable holdings include a letter by a soldier writing on stationery discovered in Adolf Hitler's office and a Civil War letter from General William T. Sherman. The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) recently awarded a Foundations-level grant for the digitization of the letters held in this archive, so they may be available to researchers online. This award was made through the Standing Together Initiative sponsored by the NEH. Some parts of the holdings are already available in the Online Archive of California and in Chapman University's Digital Commons repository. Published works based on collection

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuraktau"}

Yuraktau (Bashkir: Йөрәктау — "heart mountain") is one of the four shihans, located in Ishimbaysky District, on the border with the city Sterlitamak. It is a remainder of a reef, the Lower Permian (Late Paleozoic) reef massif, formed over 230 million years ago in the tropical sea. This natural monument may be destroyed by The Bashkir soda company and Russian authorities. Physiographic characteristics Length - 1 km, width 850 m, height - above the Belaya River- 220 m, above the soil level - 200 m, the absolute height above the sea level - 338 m. Has a conical shape. Slopes - 20-30 degrees, but do not form rocky ledges. The lower part is covered with scree. At the base of the northern slope of the mountain are springs, one of which is sulphurous. The lake Moksha is located at the foot of Yuraktau.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymology"}

Study of fermentation and its uses Zymology, also known as zymurgy, is an applied science that studies the biochemical process of fermentation and its practical uses. Common topics include the selection of fermenting yeast and bacteria species and their use in brewing, wine making, fermenting milk, and the making of other fermented foods. Fermentation Fermentation can be simply defined, in this context, as the conversion of sugar molecules into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast. Fermentation practices have led to the discovery of ample microbial and antimicrobial cultures on fermented foods and products. History French chemist Louis Pasteur was the first 'zymologist' when in 1857 he connected yeast to fermentation. Pasteur originally defined fermentation as "respiration without air". Pasteur performed careful research and concluded: Je pense que la fermentation alcoolique ne se produit jamais sans une organization simultanée, une développement, une multiplication de cellules … . Si l'on me demandai en quoi consiste la réaction chimique par laquelle le sucre et décomposé … je l'ignore complètement. I am of the opinion that alcoholic fermentation never occurs without simultaneous organization, development and multiplication of cells … . If asked, in what consists the chemical act whereby the sugar is decomposed … I am completely ignorant of it. — La Fermentation Alcoolique The German Eduard Buchner, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in chemistry, later determined that fermentation was actually caused by a yeast secretion, which he termed 'zymase'. The research efforts undertaken by the Danish Carlsberg scientists greatly accelerated understanding of yeast and brewing. The Carlsberg scientists are generally acknowledged[by whom?] as having jump-started the entire field of molecular biology. Products

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_XSS"}

The Sikorsky XSS was an American two-seat amphibious flying boat built by Sikorsky Aircraft for evaluation by the United States Navy in 1933, for carrier-borne and/or catapult-launched scouting duties. Design and development The XSS-1 was powered by a 550 hp (410 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1340D Wasp engine in a strut-mounted pod above the center-section of the high-mounted gull-wing, forward of the cockpit which was aft of the wing.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_monoxide"}

Chemical compound Boron monoxide (B2O) is a chemical compound of boron and oxygen. Two experimental studies have proposed existence of diamond-like and graphite-like B2O, as for boron nitride and carbon solids. However, a later, systematic, experimental study of boron oxide phase diagram suggests that B2O is unstable. The instability of the graphite-like B2O phase was also predicted theoretically.

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Lake in the state of Minnesota, United States Body of water Buckman Lake is a lake in Itasca County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Buckman Lake was named for a lumberman.

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Emperor Ferdinand may refer to:

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Scottish cricketer William David Grafton Loudon (born 22 May 1954) is a Scottish former cricketer. Loudon was born at Lanark in May 1954. He was educated at the Edinburgh Academy. A club cricketer for Edinburgh Academical Cricket Club, he made his debut for Scotland in a List A one-day match against Yorkshire at Bradford in the 1981 Benson & Hedges Cup. After making a further one-day appearance in that competition, Loudon made a further four appearances in the 1982 Benson & Hedges Cup. In six one-day appearances for Scotland, he scored 78 runs with a highest score of 22, in addition to taking two wickets. Loudon appeared once in first-class cricket for Scotland against Ireland at Edinburgh in 1982. In Ireland's second innings he bowled 5.1 overs taking figures of 3 for 4. Loudon was appointed Chairman of Selectors for Scotland in 2001. During his tenure, Scotland qualified for the 2007 World Cup, but toward the end of his tenure he drew criticism from Ian Stanger for Scotland's failure to qualify for the following World Cup, citing a lack of professionalism and the recruitment of South African-born players into the squad. Loudon left the post in February 2009 and was replaced as Chairman of Selectors by Iain Kennedy. Outside of cricket, Loudon is a stockbroker.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AH81"}

Road in Asia Asian Highway 81 (AH81) is a road in the Asian Highway Network running 1143 km (714 miles) from Larsi, Georgia to Baku, Azerbaijan, with ferry connection to Aktau, Kazakhstan. The route is as follows: Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan Armenia Azerbaijan Kazakhstan

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_K._Simonsen"}

Member of the New Jersey General Assembly Erik K. Simonsen is an American musician and Republican Party politician who has represented the 1st Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly since January 14, 2020, after defeating incumbent Assemblymen R. Bruce Land and Matthew W. Milam in the 2020 general election. Simonsen served as Mayor of Lower Township from 2016 until 2020. Simonsen is the athletic director at Lower Cape May Regional High School. New Jersey Assembly Simonsen ran as a team with Mike Testa and Antwan McClellan. During the campaign, the team made immigration, and taxes a key part of their campaign. He, alongside Testa and McClellan, ousted the 1st District's legislators, Senator Bob Andrzejczak, Assemblymen R. Bruce Land and Matthew W. Milam. Their victories were the only gains Republicans made in the 2019 New Jersey elections. Tenure Simonsen was sworn into office on January 14, 2020, when the 219th New Jersey Legislature convened. Committee assignments District 1 New Jersey's 1st Legislative District encompasses parts of Atlantic County, New Jersey, Cumberland County, New Jersey, and all of Cape May County, New Jersey. Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. The representatives from the 1st District for the 2022—2023 Legislative Session are: Electoral history General Assembly

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_de_Ulloa"}

Francisco de Ulloa (pronounced [fɾanˈθisko ðe uˈʎoa]) (died 1540) was a Spanish explorer who explored the west coast of present-day Mexico and the Baja California Peninsula under the commission of Hernán Cortés. Ulloa's voyage was among the first to disprove the cartographic misconception of the existence of the Island of California. Exploring career It is not known whether Ulloa accompanied Cortés on his first expedition to the New Spain. By the account of historian Bernal Díaz del Castillo, he came to Mexico later while transporting letters to Cortés from his wife. According to some early historians, Ulloa was influential in helping subdue the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan by naval power. In 1539, at the private expense of Cortés, he embarked on an expedition in three small vessels, sailing north from Acapulco to explore the Pacific Coast, and to seek a sea route through the North American continent that supposedly led to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, proving the existence of a northern passage. The expedition left on July 8 sailing northwards along the coast and reaching the Gulf of California six weeks later. Ulloa named it the "Sea of Cortés" in honor of his patron. When one of his ships was lost in a storm Ulloa paused to repair the other two ships, and then resumed his voyage on September 12, eventually reaching the head of the Gulf. Unable to find the through-continent route, Ulloa turned south and sailed along the eastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula, landing at the Bay of La Paz. After taking on supplies of wood and water Ulloa rounded the tip of the peninsula with great difficulty and sailed northward along the western shore in the Pacific Ocean. The voyage eventually reached 28 degrees north near the Isla de Cedros. The fierce winds and high seas he encountered eventually stalled his progress. Accounts differ if Ulloa continued northward or if he turned around to return to New Spain. A personal letter to Cortes on April 5 seemed to indicate that he intended to continue northward, at which point his ship was lost. However, no records note the loss of his voyage, and the fact that later maps from the voyage of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo included detail of this part of the peninsula indicate that Ulloa returned to New Spain and was able to confer with cartographers. Díaz del Castillo maintains that Ulloa was able to return to port, and was stabbed to death by a soldier from his crew in 1540. However, in 1543, Cortes indicated that he believed Ulloa was alive as part of a legal investigation as to the whereabouts of the daughter of one of his former pilots, stating that "Ulloa had carried her off and could give the information better than he," casting further doubt on Ulloa's ultimate fate. Although his discoveries showed that Baja California is a peninsula, legends and maps depicting California as an island persisted intermittently into the 18th century, indicating that Ulloa was unable to convince explorers or cartographers of his discovery.

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Monfils is a surname of French origin, meaning "my son." Notable people with the surname include:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterbuck"}

Species of antelope The waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) is a large antelope found widely in sub-Saharan Africa. It is placed in the genus Kobus of the family Bovidae. It was first described by Irish naturalist William Ogilby in 1833. Its 13 subspecies are grouped under two varieties: the common or ellipsiprymnus waterbuck and the defassa waterbuck. The head-and-body length is typically between 177 and 235 cm (70 and 93 in) and the typical height is between 120 and 136 cm (47 and 54 in). In this sexually dimorphic antelope, males are taller and heavier than females. Males reach roughly 127 cm (50 in) at the shoulder, while females reach 119 cm (47 in). Males typically weigh 198–262 kg (437–578 lb) and females 161–214 kg (355–472 lb). Their coat colour varies from brown to grey. The long, spiral horns, present only on males, curve backward, then forward, and are 55–99 cm (22–39 in) long. Waterbucks are rather sedentary in nature. As gregarious animals, they may form herds consisting of six to 30 individuals. These groups are either nursery herds with females and their offspring or bachelor herds. Males start showing territorial behaviour from the age of 5 years, but are most dominant from the six to nine. The waterbuck cannot tolerate dehydration in hot weather, and thus inhabits areas close to sources of water. Predominantly a grazer, the waterbuck is mostly found on grassland. In equatorial regions, breeding takes place throughout the year, but births are at their peak in the rainy season. The gestational period lasts 7–8 months, followed by the birth of a single calf. Waterbucks inhabit scrub and savanna areas along rivers, lakes, and valleys. Due to their requirement for grasslands and water, waterbucks have a sparse ecotone distribution. The IUCN lists the waterbuck as being of least concern. More specifically, the common waterbuck is listed as of least concern. while the defassa waterbuck is near threatened. The population trend for both is downwards, especially that of the defassa, with large populations being eliminated from certain habitats because of poaching and human disturbance. Taxonomy and etymology The scientific name of the waterbuck is Kobus ellipsiprymnus. The waterbuck is one of the six species of the genus Kobus in the family Bovidae. It was first described by Irish naturalist William Ogilby in 1833. The generic name Kobus is a New Latin word, originating from an African name, koba. The specific name ellipsiprymnus refers to the white, elliptical ring on the rump, from the Greek ellipes (ellipse) and prymnos (prumnos, hind part). The animal acquired the vernacular name "waterbuck" due to its heavy dependence on water as compared to other antelopes and its ability to enter into water for defence. The type specimen of the waterbuck was collected by South African hunter-explorer Andrew Steedman in 1832. This specimen was named Antilope ellipsiprymnus by Ogilby in 1833. This species was transferred to the genus Kobus in 1840, becoming K. ellipsiprymnus. It is usually known as the common waterbuck. In 1835, German naturalist Eduard Rüppell collected another specimen, which differed from Steedman's specimen in having a prominent white ring on its rump. Considering it a separate species, Rüppell gave it the Amharic name "defassa" waterbuck and scientific name Antilope defassa. Modern taxonomists, however, consider the common waterbuck and the defassa waterbuck a single species, K. ellipsiprymnus, given the large number of instances of hybridisation between the two. Interbreeding between the two takes place in the Nairobi National Park owing to extensive overlapping of habitats. Though both groups occur in Zambia as well, their ranges are separated by relief features or by the Muchinga escarpment. Evolution Not many fossils of the waterbuck have been found. Fossils were scarce in the Cradle of Humankind, occurring only in a few pockets of the Swartkrans. On the basis of Valerius Geist's theories about the relation of social evolution and dispersal in ungulates during the Pleistocene, the ancestral home of the waterbuck is considered to be the eastern coast of Africa, with the Horn of Africa to the north and the East African Rift Valley to the west. Subspecies On the basis of coat colour, 37 subspecies of the waterbucks had been initially recognised. They were classified into two groups: the ellipsiprymnus waterbuck group and the defassa waterbuck group. Owing to the large number of variations in the coat colour in the defassa waterbuck group, as many as 29 subspecies were included in it; the ellipsiprymnus waterbuck group consisted of eight subspecies. In 1971, however, the number of subspecies was reduced to 13 (4 for the ellipsenprymnus waterbuck group and 9 for the defassa waterbuck group). The subspecies are listed below, along with notes about the former subspecies which were recombined into a single subspecies: Includes the following four subspecies: Includes the following subspecies: Description The waterbuck is the largest amongst the six species of Kobus. It is a sexually dimorphic antelope, with the males nearly 7% taller than females and around 8% longer. The head-and-body length is typically 177–235 cm (70–93 in) and the typical height is 120–136 cm (47–54 in). Males reach approximately 127 cm (50 in) at the shoulder, while females reach 119 cm (47 in). The waterbuck is one of the heaviest antelopes. A newborn typically weighs 13.6 kg (30 lb), and growth in weight is faster in males than in females. Males typically weigh 198–262 kg (437–578 lb) and females 161–214 kg (355–472 lb). The tail is 22–45 cm (8.7–17.7 in) long. The waterbuck has a robust build. The shaggy coat is reddish brown to grey, and becomes progressively darker with age. Males are darker than females. Though apparently thick, the hair is sparse on the coat. The hair on the neck is, however, long and shaggy. When sexually excited, the skin of the waterbuck secretes a greasy substance with the odour of musk, giving it the name "greasy kob". The odor of this is so unpleasant that it repels predators. This secretion also assists in water-proofing the body when the animal dives into water. The facial features include a white muzzle and light eyebrows and lighter insides of the ears. A cream-coloured patch (called "bib") is on the throat. Waterbuck are characterised by a long neck and short, strong, black legs. Females have two nipples. Preorbital glands, foot glands, and inguinal glands are absent. The common waterbuck and the defassa waterbuck are remarkably different in their physical appearances. Measurements indicate greater tail length in the latter, whereas the common waterbuck stands taller than the defassa waterbuck. However, the principal differentiation between the two types is the white ring of hair surrounding the tail on the rump, which is a hollow circle in the common waterbuck, but covered with white hair in the defassa waterbuck. The long, spiral horns curve backward, then forward. Found only on males, the horns range from 55 to 99 cm (22 to 39 in) in length. To some extent, the length of the horns is related to the bull's age. A rudimentary horn in the form of a bone lump may be found on the skulls of females. Ecology and behaviour Waterbuck are rather sedentary in nature, though some migration may occur with the onset of monsoon. A gregarious animal, the waterbuck may form herds consisting of six to 30 individuals. The various groups are the nursery herds, bachelor herds and territorial males. Herd size increases in summer, whereas groups fragment in the winter months, probably under the influence of food availability. As soon as young males start developing horns (at around seven to nine months of age), they are chased out of the herd by territorial bulls. These males then form bachelor herds and may roam in female home ranges. Females have home ranges stretching over 200–600 hectares (0.77–2.32 sq mi; 490–1,480 acres). A few females may form spinster herds. Though females are seldom aggressive, minor tension may arise in herds. Males start showing territorial behaviour from the age of 5 years, but are most dominant from 6 to 9 years. Territorial males hold territories 4–146 hectares (0.015–0.564 sq mi; 9.9–360.8 acres) in size. Males are inclined to remain settled in their territories, though over time they may leave inferior territories for more spacious ones. Marking of territories includes no elaborate rituals; dung and urine are occasionally dropped. After the age of ten years, males lose their territorial nature and are replaced by a younger bull, following which they recede to a small and unprotected area. There is another social group, that of the satellite males, which are mature bulls as yet without their own territories, who exploit resources, particularly mating opportunities, even in the presence of the dominant bull. The territorial male may allow a few satellite males into his territory, and they may contribute to its defence. However, gradually they may deprive the actual owner of his territory and seize the area for themselves. In a study in the Lake Nakuru National Park, only 7 percent of the adult males held territories, and only half of the territorial males tolerated one or more satellite males. Territorial males may use several kinds of display. In one type of display, the white patch on the throat and between the eyes is clearly revealed, and other displays can demonstrate the thickness of the neck. These activities frighten trespassers. Lowering of the head and the body depict submission before the territorial male, who stands erect. Fights, which may last up to thirty minutes, involve threat displays typical of bovids accompanied by snorting. Fights may even become so violent that one of the opponents meets its death due to severe abdominal or thoracic wounds. A silent animal, the waterbuck makes use of flehmen response for visual communication and alarm snorts for vocal communication. Waterbuck often enter water to escape from predators which include lions, spotted hyenas, leopards, cheetahs, African wild dogs and Nile crocodiles (leopards and hyenas prey on juveniles). However, it has been observed that the waterbuck does not particularly like being in water. Waterbuck may run into cover when alarmed, and males often attack predators. Diseases and parasites Waterbucks are susceptible to ulcers, lungworm infections, and kidney stones. Other diseases from which these animals suffer are foot-and-mouth disease, sindbis fever, yellow fever, bluetongue, bovine virus diarrhoea, brucellosis, and anthrax. They are more resistant to rinderpest than are other antelopes. They are unaffected by tsetse flies because they produce volatiles which act as repellents. Waterbuck odor volatiles are under testing and development as repellents to protect livestock. However ticks may introduce parasitic protozoa such as Theileria parva, Anaplasma marginale, and Baberia bigemina; 27 species of ixodid ticks have been found on waterbucks - a healthy waterbuck may carry over 4000 ticks in their larval or nymphal stages, the most common among them being Amblyomma cohaerens and Rhipicephalus tricuspis. Internal parasites found in waterbuck include tapeworms, liver flukes, stomach flukes, and several helminths. Diet The waterbuck exhibits great dependence on water. It can not tolerate dehydration in hot weather, and thus inhabits areas close to sources of water. However, it has been observed that unlike the other members of its genus (such as the kob and puku), the waterbuck ranges farther into the woodlands while maintaining its proximity to water. With grasses constituting a substantial 70 to 95 percent of the diet, the waterbuck is predominantly a grazer frequenting grasslands. Reeds and rushes like Typha and Phragmites may also be preferred. A study found regular consumption of three grass species round the year: Panicum anabaptistum, Echinochloa stagnina and Andropogon gayanus. Hyparrhenia involucrata, Acroceras amplectens and Oryza barthii along with annual species were the main preference in the early rainy season, while long life grasses and forage from trees constituted three-fourths of the diet in the dry season. Though the defassa waterbuck was found to have a much greater requirement for protein than the African buffalo and the Beisa oryx, the waterbuck was found to spend much less time on browsing (eating leaves, small shoots, and fruits) in comparison to the other grazers. In the dry season, about 32% of the 24-hour day was spent in browsing, whereas no time was spent on it during the wet season. The choice of grasses varies with location rather than availability; for instance, in western Uganda, while Sporobolus pyramidalis was favoured in some places, Themeda triandra was the main choice elsewhere. The common waterbuck and the defassa waterbuck in the same area may differ in their choices; while the former preferred Heteropogon contortus and Cynodon dactylon, the latter showed less preference for these grasses. Reproduction Waterbuck are slower than other antelopes in terms of the rate of maturity. While males become sexually mature at the age of six years, females reach maturity within two to three years. Females may conceive by the age of two-and-a-half years, and remain reproductive for another ten years. In equatorial regions, breeding takes place throughout the year, and births are at their peak in the rainy season. However, breeding is seasonal in the Sudan (south of Sahara), with the mating season lasting four months. The season extends for even longer periods in some areas of southern Africa. Oestrus lasts for a day or less. Mating begins after the male confirms that the female is in oestrus, which he does by sniffing her vulva and urine. A resistive female would try to bite or even fight off an advancing male. The male exhibits flehmen, and often licks the neck of the female and rubs his face and the base of his horns against her back. There are several attempts at mounting before the actual copulation. The female shifts her tail to one side, while the male clasps her sides with his forelegs and rests on her back during copulation, which may occur as many as ten times. The gestational period lasts for seven to eight months, followed by the birth of a single calf. Twins are rare. Pregnant females isolate themselves in thickets as parturition approaches. Newborn calves can stand on their feet within a half-hour of birth. The mother eats the afterbirth. She communicates with the calf by bleating or snorting. Calves are kept hidden from two to three weeks up to two months. At about three to four weeks, the calf begins following its mother, who signals it to do so by raising her tail. Though bereft of horns, mothers will fiercely defend their offspring from predators. Calves are weaned at eight months, following which time they join groups of calves of their own age. Young females remain with their mothers in nursery herds, or may also join bachelor herds. The waterbuck lives to 18 years in the wild and 30 years in captivity. Distribution and habitat The waterbuck is native to southern and eastern Africa (including countries such as Angola, Botswana, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda) besides a few countries of western and northern Africa such as Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Senegal. Though formerly widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, its numbers have now decreased in most areas. The common waterbuck is found east of the Eastern African Rift. Its southern range extends to the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve (KwaZulu Natal) and to central Namibia. By contrast, the defassa waterbuck inhabits western and central Africa. The defassa waterbuck occurs west of the Albertine Rift and ranges from Eritrea to Guinea Bissau in the southern Sahel, its most northerly point of distribution being in southern Mali. Its range also stretches east of the Congo basin through Zambia into Angola, while another branch extends to the Zaire River west of the Congo basin. While the common waterbuck is now extinct in Ethiopia, the defassa waterbuck has become extinct in Gambia. Waterbuck inhabit scrub and savanna areas alongside rivers, lakes and valleys. Due to their requirement for grasslands as well as water, the waterbuck have a sparse distribution across ecotones (areas of interface between two different ecosystems). A study in the Ruwenzori Range showed that the mean density of waterbuck was 5.5 per square mile, and estimates in the Maasai Mara were as low as 1.3 per square mile. It has been observed that territorial size depends on the quality of the habitat, the age and health of the animal and the population density. The greater the age of the animal or the denser the populations, the smaller are the territories. In Queen Elizabeth National Park, females had home ranges 21–61 hectares (0.081–0.236 sq mi; 52–151 acres) in area whereas home ranges for bachelor males averaged between 24–38 hectares (0.093–0.147 sq mi; 59–94 acres). The oldest female (around 18 years old) had the smallest home range. Threats and conservation The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) lists the waterbuck as of least concern (LC). More specifically, the common waterbuck is listed as of Least Concern while the defassa waterbuck is near threatened (NT). The population trend for both the common and defassa waterbuck is decreasing, especially that of the latter, with large populations being eliminated from their habitats due to poaching and human settlement. Their own sedentary nature too is responsible for this to some extent. Numbers have fallen in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Murchison Falls National Park, Akagera National Park, Lake Nakuru National Park, and Comoé National Park. Population decrease in the Lake Nakuru National Park has been attributed to heavy metal poisoning. While cadmium and lead levels were dangerously high in the kidney and the liver, deficiencies of copper, calcium and phosphorus were noted. Over 60 percent of the defassa waterbuck populations thrive in protected areas, most notably in Niokolo-Koba, Comoe, Mole, Bui, Pendjari, Manovo-Gounda St. Floris, Moukalaba-Doudou, Garamba, Virunga, Omo, Mago, Murchison Falls, Serengeti, and Katavi, Kafue and Queen Elizabeth National Parks, the national parks and hunting zones of North Province (Cameroon), Ugalla River Forest Reserve, Nazinga Game Ranch, Rukwa Valley, Awash Valley, Murule and Arly-Singou. The common waterbuck occurs in Tsavo, Tarangire, Mikumi, Kruger and Lake Nakuru National Parks, Laikipia, Kajiado, Luangwa Valley, Selous and Hluhluwe-Umfolozi game reserves and private lands in South Africa. Research Scientists with the ICIPE have developed tsetse-fly-repellant collars for cattle based on the smell of the waterbuck.

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The Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality council consists of sixty-nine members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Thirty-five councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in thirty-five wards, while the remaining thirty-four are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of forty-seven seats on the council. In the 2021 election the ANC lost its majority, although it still won the most seats, and was unseated by a coalition lead by the MAP16 Civic Movement. Results The following table shows the composition of the council after past elections. December 2000 election The following table shows the results of the 2000 election. March 2006 election The following table shows the results of the 2006 election. May 2011 election The following table shows the results of the 2011 election. August 2016 election The following table shows the results of the 2016 election. November 2021 election The 2021 election saw the African National Congress (ANC) lose its majority for the first time. Although it still finished with the most seats, a rival grouping led by the MAP16 Civic Movement, founded by a group of ANC councillors who had been expelled for voting to unseat the ANC mayor, who was facing corruption charges, formed a coalition to take control. Maluti-a-Phofung became the first local municipality in the Free State not to be governed by the ANC. The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhymney_River"}

River in the Rhymney Valley, Wales The Rhymney River (Welsh: Afon Rhymni) is a river in the Rhymney Valley, South Wales, flowing through Cardiff into the Severn Estuary. The river formed the boundary between the historic counties of Glamorgan and Monmouthshire until in 1887, the parishes east of the river, Rumney and St Mellons, were transferred from the jurisdiction of Newport, to Cardiff in Glamorgan. The river flows south from its source near Rhymney through New Tredegar, Bargoed, Ystrad Mynach, Llanbradach to Caerphilly at the southern end of the Rhymney Valley. Then past Bedwas, Trethomas, Machen, Draethen, Llanrumney and Rumney and its estuary into the River Severn. The Rhymney Valley (Welsh: Cwm Rhymni) was created as a glacial valley. Sourced within the valley, on the southern edge of the Brecon Beacons, the Rhymney River descends steeply through the town of New Tredegar towards Ystrad Mynach, and then onwards south across a flat plain before entering the Severn Estuary to the east of Cardiff. The villages of Groesfaen, Deri, Pentwyn and Fochriw are located in the Darran Valley and not the Rhymney Valley, which joins the Rhymney Valley at Bargoed. Covering a distance of 30 miles (48 km), the catchment is divided into two distinct parts: Being located in part of the South Wales coalfield and South Wales Valleys iron producing area, the resultant black river had poor water quality through most of the 19th and 20th centuries. The river is culverted in many of its upper sections, including a tunnel under the former factory complexes in Rhymney, exiting at Pontlottyn. Since the closure of the last of the coal mines in the late 1980s, the water has become a lot cleaner and is now full of fish and insect life and supports plenty of other wildlife. The river now supports a healthy stock of grayling and natural brown trout, and a lot of work has been undertaken to remove former industrial restrictions on the river to allow the fish to gain access to its upper reaches. The river is in the care of Natural Resources Wales and the South East Wales Rivers Trust.

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Season of television series The fifth series of Made in Chelsea, a British structured-reality television program, began airing on 8 April 2013 on E4. The series ended on June 17, 2013 after 11 episodes and an end of season reunion episode featuring the cast and hosted by Rick Edwards. This was the first series to include new cast members Fran and Olivia Newman-Young, Phoebe Lettice-Thompson and Alex Mytton. It was the only series to feature Josh Acoombs and Oscar Ligenza. Series 5 also saw the departures of original cast members Ollie Locke and Millie Mackintosh as well as Richard Dinan and Ashley James. Major themes in the series included the end of Spencer and Louise's relationship after the revelation that Spencer cheated, Louise and Spencer beginning new romances with Andy and Lucy respectively, Ashley struggling to come to terms with Ollie's sexuality, Jamie realising he has feelings for Phoebe despite being in a relationship with Tara, and Francis and Proudlock once again competing for the same girl. Cast Episodes Ratings

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Filipina actress Chanda Villanueva Romero (born February 26, 1954) is a Filipina actress. She is mostly seen on GMA Network. She played supporting roles and leading roles in many films during the early and late 1970s. Her prolific work in sexy comedies and dramas caught the attention of many directors, and in the 1980s, showed her serious work as an actress in the Ishmael Bernal's Working Girls and Dapat Ka Bang Mahalin?, both in 1984. She showed a different side in what may be considered as her most underrated work in Kapag Tumabang ang Asin with Daria Ramirez, and Pag-ibig na Walang Dangal with Dindo Fernando and Charo Santos. Biography Chanda Romero is the daughter of Enrique Romero, son of Francisco Romero Jr. and Gloria Villanueva of Negros Oriental, and Remedios Valenzuela, daughter of Ramiro Valenzuela and Josefina de la Victoria of Cebu. Her father Enrique, also known as Bobby, was the paternal grandson of Francisco Romero Sr., mayor of Tanjay, Negros Oriental from 1909 to 1916 and later a member of the Provincial Board of Negros Oriental, and Josefa Calumpang Muñoz, daughter of Tanjay gobernadorcillo Don José Teves Muñoz and Doña Aleja Ines Calumpang, a great-granddaughter of Don Fernando Velaz de Medrano Bracamonte y Dávila (es), Marquis of Tabuérniga de Velazar (es), 15th Marquis of Cañete (GE) (es), 6th Marquis of Fuente el Sol (es), 8th Marquis of Navamorcuende (es), 15th Lord of Montalbo, and Knight of the Order of St. John. Her father was also the maternal grandson of Enrique Cayetano Teves Villanueva Sr., governor of Negros Oriental from 1916-1925 and later representative of the 2nd district of Negros Oriental from 1925 to 1931, and Francisca Gomez Baena, Negros Oriental Carnival Queen in 1909. Other relations include her mother's sister Milagros Valenzuela-Urgello, Cebu Carnival Queen in 1937; her grandfather's brother José E. Romero, the first Philippine ambassador to the Court of St. James's and later Secretary of Education; Eddie S. Romero, National Artist for Film; Jose V. Romero Jr., former Philippine ambassador to Italy; Hector R.R. Villanueva, Press Secretary of Philippine President Fidel Ramos and later Postmaster General of the Philippines during the Arroyo administration; among others. Career In the 1970s and the 1980s, she had a staple of films in which she starred with award-winning actresses such as Elizabeth Oropesa, Hilda Koronel, Gloria Diaz and Daria Ramirez. As a result, she caught the attention of directors Celso Ad Castillo, Ishmael Bernal, Danny Zialcita and Lino Brocka. Her leading men include Philip Salvador, Eddie Garcia, Christopher de Leon, Dindo Fernando, Joel Torre, etc. In the 1990s, her work in television also brought her success. Shows such as Villa Quintana. She was also praised for her role in the 1997 movie Ligaya Ang Itawag Mo Sa Akin which was directed by Carlos Siguion-Reyna. Romero is a freelancer but does more projects in GMA Network. She has starred in ABS-CBN projects as well like the religious-centered drama series Kapalaran and the role of Vida Mojica in the Vietnamese-Filipino teleserye starring Maricel Soriano and John Estrada, Vietnam Rose. During 2012, she transferred to TV5 for the first time and became part of Kidlat as Minerva Megaton. As of 2013, Romero is with GMA-7. Personal life She married Jose Mari "Mayi" Alejandrino on October 25, 2013. On May 17, 2014, Chanda and Mayi professed their vows in a commitment ceremony at the Tierra de Maria Chapel in Tagaytay. Her mother died on July 6, 2020 as one of the casualties of COVID-19 in Cebu City. Filmography Film Television Awards and nominations

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Geach"}

British philosopher Peter Thomas Geach FBA (29 March 1916 – 21 December 2013) was a British philosopher who was Professor of Logic at the University of Leeds. His areas of interest were philosophical logic, ethics, history of philosophy, philosophy of religion and the theory of identity. Early life Peter Geach was born in Chelsea, London, on 29 March 1916. He was the only son of George Hender Geach and his wife Eleonora Frederyka Adolfina née Sgonina. His father, who was employed in the Indian Educational Service, would go on to work as a professor of philosophy in Lahore and later as the principal of a teacher-training college in Peshawar. His parents' marriage was unhappy and quickly broke up. Until the age of four, he lived with his maternal grandparents, who were Polish immigrants, in Cardiff. After this time he was placed in the care of a guardian (until his father returned to Britain) and contact with his mother and her parents ceased. He attended Llandaff Cathedral School in Cardiff and, later, Clifton College. In 1934 Geach won a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford, graduating in 1938 with first-class honours in literae humaniores. At Oxford, he increasingly engaged in intellectual clashes with Catholics, through which he discovered the Catholic faith, later converting to the Roman Catholic Church. He later described it: I was certainly cleverer than they, but they had the immeasurable advantage that they were right—an advantage that they did not throw away by resorting to the bad philosophy and apologetics then sometimes taught in Catholic schools. One day my defences quite suddenly collapsed: I knew that if I were to remain an honest man I must seek instruction in the Catholic Religion. I was received into the Catholic Church on May 31, 1938. Academic career Geach spent a year (1938–39) as a Gladstone Research Student, based at St Deiniol's Library, Hawarden. Geach refused to join the British Army in the Second World War and, as a conscientious objector, was employed in the war years in timber production. Following the end of the war in 1945, he undertook further research at Cambridge. In 1951, Geach was appointed to his first substantive academic post, as assistant lecturer at the University of Birmingham, going on to become Reader in Logic. In 1966 Geach resigned in protest at the University’s decision to create an Institute of Contemporary Culture. In his resignation letter he said he had no wish to stay at a university which "preferred Pop Art to Logic". In the same year he was appointed Professor of Logic in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Leeds. Geach retired from his Leeds chair in 1981 with the title Emeritus Professor of Logic. At various times Geach held visiting professorships at the universities of Cornell, Chicago, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Warsaw. Philosophical work His early work includes the classic texts Mental Acts and Reference and Generality, the latter defending an essentially modern conception of reference against medieval theories of supposition. His Catholic perspective was integral to his philosophy. He was perhaps the founder of analytical Thomism (though the current of thought running through his and Elizabeth Anscombe's work to the present day was only ostensibly so named forty years later by John Haldane), the aim of which is to synthesise Thomistic and analytic approaches. Geach was a student and an early follower of Ludwig Wittgenstein whilst at the University of Cambridge. Geach defends the Thomistic position that human beings are essentially rational animals, each one miraculously created. He dismissed Darwinistic attempts to regard reason as inessential to humanity, as "mere sophistry, laughable, or pitiable." He repudiated any capacity for language in animals as mere "association of manual signs with things or performances." Geach dismissed both pragmatic and epistemic conceptions of truth, commending a version of the correspondence theory proposed by Thomas Aquinas. He argues that there is one reality rooted in God himself, who is the ultimate truthmaker. God, according to Geach, is truth. While they lived, he saw W. V. Quine and Arthur Prior as his allies, in that they held three truths: that there are no non-existent beings; that a proposition can occur in discourse without being there asserted; and that the sense of a term does not depend on the truth of the proposition in which it occurs. He is said to have invented the famous ethical example of the stuck potholer,[citation needed] when arguing against the idea that it might be right to kill a child to save its mother. In metaethics, a debate developed in the 1960s and 1970s as to whether it was possible to logically derive categorical 'ought' statements from 'is' statements. The debate famously involved Richard Hare, Max Black, Philippa Foot and John Searle among others. Geach made a notable contribution to this debate with a paper published in 1977, which purported to derive one categorical 'ought' from purely factual premises. Honours Geach was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1965. He was elected an honorary fellow of Balliol College in 1979. He was awarded the papal cross Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice by the Holy See in 1999 for his philosophical work. Marriage and children His wife and occasional collaborator was the philosopher Elizabeth Anscombe. Both converts to Catholicism, they were married at Brompton Oratory in 1941 and went on to have seven children. They co-authored the 1961 book Three Philosophers, with Anscombe contributing a section on Aristotle and Geach one each on Aquinas and Gottlob Frege. For a quarter century they were leading figures in the Philosophical Enquiry Group, an annual confluence of Catholic philosophers held at Spode House in Staffordshire that was established by Columba Ryan in 1954. Death Peter Geach died on 21 December 2013 at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge and is buried in the same grave as his wife in (what is now) the Ascension Parish Burial Ground. Works For more complete publication details see "Bibliography of works of P.T. Geach" (1991) by Harry A. Lewis. Festschriften

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Roya (English: dream, or vision); (Persian: رویا), is a female name, of Persian origin. It is common in Iran, Afghanistan, and Azerbaijan. Notable persons named Roya

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Optical sensor device to measure a specific substance usually with the aid of a chemical transducer An optode or optrode is an optical sensor device that optically measures a specific substance usually with the aid of a chemical transducer.[citation needed] Construction An optode requires three components to function: a chemical that responds to an analyte, a polymer to immobilise the chemical transducer and instrumentation (optical fibre, light source, detector and other electronics). Optodes usually have the polymer matrix coated onto the tip of an optical fibre, but in the case of evanescent wave optodes the polymer is coated on a section of fibre that has been unsheathed.[citation needed] Operation Optodes can apply various optical measurement schemes such as reflection, absorption, evanescent wave, luminescence (fluorescence and phosphorescences), chemiluminescence, surface plasmon resonance. By far the most popular methodology is luminescence. Luminescence in solution obeys the linear Stern–Volmer relationship. Fluorescence of a molecule is quenched by specific analytes, e.g., ruthenium complexes are quenched by oxygen. When a fluorophore is immobilised within a polymer matrix myriad micro-environments are created. The micro-environments reflect varying diffusion co-efficients for the analyte. This leads to a non-linear relationship between the fluorescence and the quencher (analyte). This relationship is modelled in various ways, the most popular model is the two site model created by James Demas (University of Virginia). The signal (fluorescence) to oxygen ratio is not linear, and an optode is most sensitive at low oxygen concentration, i.e., the sensitivity decreases as oxygen concentration increases. The optode sensors can however work in the whole region 0–100% oxygen saturation in water, and the calibration is done the same way as with the Clark type sensor. No oxygen is consumed and hence the sensor is stirring insensitive, but the signal will stabilize more quickly if the sensor is stirred after being put into the sample. Popularity Optical sensors are growing in popularity due to the low-cost, low power requirements and long term stability. They provide viable alternatives to electrode-based sensors or more complicated analytical instrumentation, especially in the field of environmental monitoring although in the case of oxygen optrodes, they do not have the resolution as the most recent cathodic microsensors.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfin_Cove,_Alaska"}

Census-designated place in Alaska, United States Elfin Cove (Lingít: X̱’óot’k’) is a census-designated place (CDP) near the northwestern corner of Chichagof Island in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 20 at the 2010 census, down from 32 at the 2000 census. Geography Elfin Cove is located off Cross Sound on Chichagof Island at coordinates 58°11′56″N 136°21′19″W / 58.19889°N 136.35528°W / 58.19889; -136.35528 (58.198786, -136.355358). The CDP occupies the northern end of the Inian Peninsula; the actual settlement of Elfin Cove within the CDP, and its namesake harbor, are on the western side of the peninsula. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.4 square miles (26.9 km2), of which 10.2 square miles (26.4 km2) are land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km2), or 1.73%, are water. Climate According to the Köppen climate classification system, Elfin Cove has an oceanic climate (Cfb). Demographics Elfin Cove first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It appeared again on the 1950 census, but did not appear in 1960. It was returned again in 1970 and made a census-designated place (CDP) in 1980. As of the census of 2000, there were 32 people, 15 households, and 9 families residing full-time in the CDP. Among full-time residents, the population density was 3.0 people per square mile (1.2/km2). There were 35 housing units at an average density of 3.3/sq mi (1.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.75% White, 3.12% Pacific Islander, and 3.12% from two or more races. Of the 15 households, 20.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.3% were married couples living together, and 40.0% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.67. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 15.6% under the age of 18, 3.1% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 37.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 146.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 170.0 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $33,750. Males had a median income of $48,750 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,089. There were no families and 5.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arganodus"}

Extinct genus of fishes Arganodus is an extinct genus of Ceratodontidae (lungfish). Its fossils have been found in the Redonda Formation, New Mexico, the Tacuarembó Formation of Uruguay, and the Cumnock Formation, North Carolina, although the North Carolinian specimens are smaller than most recorded specimens. Fossils have also been uncovered in the Petrified Forest National Park. It was first named by Martin in 1979, and contains two species, A. dorotheae and A. atlantis. In 1984, Martin described Arganodus tiguidiensis from Elrhaz Formation of Niger extending its stratigraphic range from the Upper Jurassic to the Cenomanian. Later, this species was assigned to the genus Asiatoceratodus by Kemp (1998). Paleoecology Arganodus was probably similar to modern lungfish, and lived in underwater burrows during dry periods until monsoons occurred.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayt_Nuba"}

Place in Ramle, Mandatory Palestine Bayt Nuba (Arabic: بيت نوبا) was a Palestinian Arab village, located halfway between Jerusalem and al-Ramla. Historically identified with the biblical city of Nob mentioned in the Book of Samuel, that association has been eschewed in modern times. The village is mentioned in extrabiblical sources including the writings of 5th-century Roman geographers, 12th-century Crusaders and a Jewish traveller, a 13th-century Syrian geographer, a 15th-century Arab historian, and Western travellers in the 19th century. Depopulated by Israeli forces during the 1967 war, it was subsequently leveled by military engineers using controlled explosions, and the Israeli settlement of Mevo Horon was established on its lands in 1970. History In Eusebius of Caesarea's 5th century Onomasticon, the village is mentioned under the name Beth Annabam and is situated at a distance of 8 Roman miles from Lydda. His contemporary, Jerome, identifies it as biblical Nob. During the Crusades, it was called Betynoble. The Crusaders identified Beit Nuba with biblical Nob, as did the 12th-century Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela. The village served as the forward position for Saladin's troops for their move towards Jerusalem in September 1187 and later for Richard the Lionheart and his troops who camped there in 1191 and 1192. Writing in the 13th century during the time of Mamluk rule over Palestine, Yaqut al-Hamawi, the Syrian geographer, noted of Bayt Nuba, that it was, "A small town in the neighbourhood of Filastin (Ar Ramlah)." A road from Ramla to Jerusalem that passed through Bayt Nuba, al-Qubeiba, and Nabi Samwil was the preferred route for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land at the time. On the maps produced by the Palestine Exploration Fund, the road, which stretches from al-Qubeiba to Jerusalem, is marked in the legend as a Roman road. Mujir al-Din al-'Ulaymi (1496), the Jerusalemite qadi and Arab historian, discussed the village's name in the context of other villages beginning with the word Bayt ("House"). He noted that conventional wisdom among the locals of his time held that they are named for Hebrew Bible prophets that were thought to have resided there in antiquity. He also delineated the village as forming the westernmost limit of what was considered the area of Jerusalem at his time. Ottoman era The waqf custodian of the mosque in Bayt Nuba (and 'Allar) in 1810 was appointed by the Ottoman imperial authorities, and hailed from the Jerusalem family of notables, the Dajanis. Edward Robinson and Eli Smith visited Beit Nubah in 1838 and 1852, and identified it as the Nobe mentioned by Jerome and considered by some of their contemporaries to be Bethannaba. Victor Guérin noted in 1863 the presence of a small mosque in the village named Djama Sidi Ahmed et-Tarfinù. At his time, Beit-Nouba was made up of about 400 inhabitants whose homes were constructed on a hill between two valleys. In large, modern buildings in the village could be seen traces of more ancient building materials incorporated therein and there are some ancient cisterns as well. Socin found from an official Ottoman village list from about 1870 that Bet Nuba had 23 houses and a population of 97, though the population count included men, only. Hartmann found that Bet Nuba had 20 houses. In 1873, Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau discovered the remains of a large medieval church in the village. In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Bayt Nuba as a "good-sized village on flat ground". In 1896 the population of Bet Nuba was estimated to be about 723 persons. British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bayt Nuba had a population of 839 inhabitants, all Muslims. This had increased in the 1931 census to 944, still all Muslim, in 226 houses. In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Nuba and Ajanjul was 1,240, all Muslims, while the total land area was 11,401 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,002 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 6,997 for cereals, while 74 dunams were classified as built-up areas. Jordanian era During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the village was garrisoned by the Arab Legion to defend the Latrun salient. Located 2 miles (3.2 km) behind the front line, it was subject to a skirmish attack launched by Israeli forces in Operation Yoram on the night of June 8, 1948. The 1949 armistice line fell just a few kilometers to the south and west of villages in the Latrun salient and with a dispute between Israel and Jordan over where it lay exactly, much of the area surrounding Bayt Nuba was declared no man's land, resulting in social and economic separation from the surrounding areas. Residents of Bayt Nuba and other Latrun villages were granted Jordanian citizenship following Jordan's annexation of the West Bank in 1950. Many were prompted many to leave the area to seek livelihoods in Jordan, the Persian Gulf, South America or elsewhere due to violence between villagers and Israeli troops and the loss of access to farmlands. In 1961, the population was 1,350 persons. 1967, and aftermath The Latrun area was captured by Israeli troops in the first few hours of the 1967 war and the next night, orders were broadcast by Israeli military jeeps to villagers in Bayt Nuba, Yalo, and Imwas to leave their homes, resulting in some 12,000 people leaving in the space of a few hours. With the war's completion, a radio announcement from the military said villagers in the West Bank who had vacated their homes should return; however, the villagers of Bayt Nuba and the others from the Latrun area were forbidden from doing so as most of the area was declared a closed military zone. Those who tried to return were stopped at checkpoints where some were shot at. The built up area of Bayt Nuba was destroyed in military engineered explosions after the war's end, an act witnessed by some of the former residents who had fled nearby hills. After the destruction, the remains of the medieval church, first described by Clermont-Ganneau, have not been located. Part of the farmlands of Bayt Nuba lay outside the closed military zone and some refugees from the village rented homes in a nearby village with a population of around 7,000 (called "Bayt Hajjar" by the author) to continue farming those lands. The settlement of Mevo Horon was built on the lands of Bayt Nuba in 1970. Bibliography

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Something So Right may refer to:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Breen"}

Irish rally driver Craig Breen (born 2 February 1990) is an Irish rally driver, who competes part time in the Hyundai team in the WRC (World Rally Championship). He was the 2012 WRC Super 2000 world rally champion, scoring class wins in the Monte Carlo Rally, Wales Rally GB, Rally France and the Rally of Spain. Breen was also the WRC Academy champion in 2011, winning his first event at the 2011 Rallye Deutschland and sealing the championship with a win at Wales Rally GB. The Academy title going down to the last stage, with Breen and Estonian rally driver Egon Kaur ending the season, both on 111 points, Breen then won the title on count back of stage wins, 39 to 14. Breen recently won the Rentokil Historic Rally in Killarney, Kerry, Ireland in his BMW M3 E30. Career Craig is the son of Ray Breen, a national champion in Irish rallying. He began karting in 1999 in Ireland. He began rallying in 2007, combining it with karting commitments in Europe in 2008.[citation needed] In 2009 he made the full-time switch to rallying, competing in the Irish, British and International Fiesta Sporting Trophys, winning all three championships. He also went on to win the Fiesta Sport Trophy International Shootout and was award a twelve month contract with M-Sport. For his achievements Breen was crowned Young Irish Rally Driver of the Year and received the Billy Coleman Award. In 2010 he debuted the Ford Fiesta S2000 in both British Rally Championship and the Irish Tarmac Rally Championship. He took his first BRC victory on the 2010 Ulster Rally and went on to finish 2nd overall in the ITC. He also finished 17th overall in the car at the 2010 Rally Finland and 12th overall at Wales Rally GB.[citation needed] In 2011, Breen competed in the WRC Academy driving a Ford Fiesta R2. He won his first WRC event at the Rallye Deutschland and his win at Wales Rally GB made him the inaugural WRC Academy Cup champion. For 2012, Breen has progressed to the S-WRC championship driving a Ford Fiesta S2000. He won the opening round at Monte Carlo and is leading the championship after the second round on Sweden. In June 2012, Breen's co-driver Gareth Roberts was killed in an accident during the Targa Florio Rally, the fifth round of the 2012 Intercontinental Rally Challenge. In Rally de Catalunya, in November, he won the Super 2000 world championship. At the end of the rally, a very emotional Breen declared "I'm a kid, I can't believe I've done this." In 2013, Breen and co-driver Paul Nagle was signed by Peugeot to lead their ERC campaign called 'Peugeot Rally Academy'. Breen was successful, achieving five podium places during the season, and eventually finishing 3rd overall, missing out on the runner-up spot by only four points. Midway during the season Nagle left the team to help out Volkswagen's Andreas Mikkelsen in the WRC; from the Rajd Polski onwards, Belgian Lara Vanneste became Breen's co-driver. They're expected to return to the team for the 2014 ERC season. Breen and co-driver Scott Martin won the 2015 Circuit of Ireland Rally which has been a long-time ambition of Craig's especially as this would be the 20th anniversary of his Rally Idol's Tarmac Championship Win, that being the Late and Great Frank Meagher. Breen achieved his maiden Special Stage win in the 2016 Rally Finland. He did a part-time campaign with the Citroën Total World Rally Team in 2016, achieving an emotional first podium finish with third place in Finland. He improved the result in 2018 by finishing second in Sweden. In October 2021, it was announced that Breen will join M-Sport World Rally Team as their lead driver for the 2022 season. He will join Adrien Fourmaux and Gus Greensmith in competing all 13 rounds. Breens latest win was in the Killarney Historics rally on November 27th, 2021. Before 2022 rally spain James Fulton is set to become breen's new co-driver after current co-driver Paul nagle announced his retirement. Paul nagle retires after rally spain. James Fulton will be the new co-driver of craig breen from last round of 2022 (rally Japan) onwards. Career results Breen won his first ERC rally at the 2014 Acropolis Rally in Greece, driving a Peugeot 208 T16. WRC results * Season still in progress. SWRC results WRC Academy Results WRC-2 results IRC results ERC results * Season still in progress.

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Colentina may refer to: Topics referred to by the same term

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beikie"}

Upper Canada politician Lt. Col. John Beikie (February 14, 1766 – March 20, 1839) was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada. Biography He was born of Scottish parents in Gibraltar in 1766. He settled in Cornwall in 1794 and was named justice of the peace in the Eastern District in 1796. He moved to York (Toronto) in 1801 where he lived on the north side of Front Street east of Spadina Avenue where Windsor Street now stands. Rev. Dr. Henry Scadding describes him as a tall, upright, staidly moving man who was usually seen in a long snuff-coloured overcoat and, also, as one of the dramatis personae of York. He served in the local militia during the War of 1812 and was actively engaged in the defence of York against the American invaders in 1813 and was held by them as a hostage. His wife, Penelope, was one of the few who held fast in her home to keep off American looters. From 1810 to 1815 John Beikie was Sheriff of York and, as such, he probably was the first to complain of wretched conditions in York Gaol; a protest repeated by Sir William Campbell and many others over the years. Beikie represented Stormont and Glengarry in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1812 to 1816. He was clerk of the Executive Council from 1820 to 1825 and was named justice of the peace in the Home District in 1822. He became Lieutenant Colonel of the militia in 1826. John Beikie was a Freemason and one of the founding members of St. Andrew's Lodge. He was Master from 1825 - 1828. He died in Toronto in 1839. References

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%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete #REDIRECT Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thee_Friendship_Village_E.P."}

1993 EP by godheadSilo Thee Friendship Village E.P. is an EP by godheadSilo, released on July 7, 1993 by Kill Rock Stars. The record in its entirety was later released on the 1995 compilation Elephantitus of the Night. Track listing All tracks are written by godheadSilo. Personnel Release history

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Manini"}

17th-century Roman Catholic bishop Franciscus Manini (died 1619) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Novigrad (1607–1619). Biography On 4 Jul 1607, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Novigrad. On 8 Jul 1607, he was consecrated bishop by Ludovico de Torres, Archbishop of Monreale, with Juan de Rada, Bishop of Patti, and Metello Bichi, Bishop Emeritus of Sovana, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Novigrad until his death in Sep 1619. External links and additional sources Portals: Biography Catholicism Croatia

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South African footballer Gloria Thato is a South African football winger. She plays for University of Pretoria and the South Africa women's national football team. Playing career International In March 2013, Thato was called up to the national team to represent South Africa at the 2013 Cyprus Cup. During the team's first match of the tournament, Thato's two assists helped South Africa defeat Northern Ireland 2–1. In September 2014, Thato was named to the roster for the 2014 African Women's Championship in Namibia.

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Village in Bashkortostan, Russia Nizhneye Kaltyayevo (Russian: Нижнее Кальтяево; Bashkir: Түбәнге Кәлтәй, Tübänge Kältäy) is a rural locality (a village) in Kaltyayevsky Selsoviet, Tatyshlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 41 as of 2010. There is 1 street. Geography Nizhneye Kaltyayevo is located 11 km southeast of Verkhniye Tatyshly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vyazovka is the nearest rural locality.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiardistomis_viridis"}

Species of beetle Semiardistomis viridis is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

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Czech painter Erwin Stolz (1896 Giesshuebel/Sauerbrunn - 1987 Vienna) was a Czech painter and draughtsman. Biography After an experience as agricultural engineer and captivity in Italy during the World War I, he devoted himself to painting, working as a sign painter, industrial graphic artist and attending numerous art courses in Vienna. He had contacts to Gustav Kurt Beck [fr; de](1902–1983) who had an influence in the Viennese world in the spread of the avant-gardes, Erich Mallina (1873–1954) who introduced him in his mystical-religious worldview and in the theosophical society, George Kenner (1888–1971) who shared his experience in prison camps during the First World War, Alexander Rothaug [de](1870–1946) who was a great illustrator and symbolist painter as Stolz himself and the artists of union Hagenbund. He was also a friend of Josef Matthias Hauer (1883–1959) a composer and music theorist near to Arnold Schoenberg whose art was considered degenerate art by nazism. In his career Stolz followed various artistic currents. He had a classical training which was admirably expressed in portraits, in liberty paintings (nouveau and deco in particular) and in symbolism that distinguishes many of his drawings and temperas in which he expressed an art of great graphic quality highly influenced by Max Klinger (1857 - 1920) and Gust Klimt (1862 - 1918). In the 20s, however, alongside these trends he also became interested in expressionist painting and in the New Objectivity as can be appreciated in some portraits and in the numerous nudes made from 1925 to the end of the 30s which was his most fruitful period. After the World War II his painting was oriented above all in a surrealist key. Artworks Erwin Stolz excelled above all in ink drawing where in the 30s and 40s he touched absolute peaks not only of great formal and technical refinement but also of great creativity, succeeding in the not easy intent of rendering through the lines depth, atmospheric sense, tonalism in the absence of color or better with a single color, black, with which he was able to create not only the entire chromatic range but also to render the objective reality of what he represented. Works

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Former_Aborigines_Protection_Act"}

The Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Act (Japanese: 北海道旧土人保護法公布) was a Japanese law enacted by the Imperial Diet in 1899 during the reign of Emperor Meiji. The law concerned the status of the indigenous Ainu people of Hokkaido, a population the Imperial government sought to forcibly assimilate. The law was repealed in 1997 and replaced by the Ainu Cultural Promotion Act [ja] (CPA). Created under the pretense of protecting the Ainu people, organizations such as the Ainu Association of Hokkaido argue that the law served to confiscate Ainu land and destroy their traditional culture. According to a paper published in the Georgetown Journal of Asian Affairs, "The aim of [the law] was to 'civilize' and 'Japanize' the Ainu from 'barbarians' to 'primitive Japanese'.” Background Provisions and consequences Land ownership and poverty Under the pretense of alleviating Ainu poverty, the legislation created individual land grants and promoted the adoption of Japanese agricultural practices over hunting. The legislation has been criticized as a means by which the Imperial government forcibly confiscated Ainu lands and impeded traditional Ainu culture. The land allotted to Ainu farmers was generally of poorer quality than that received by Japanese settlers in Hokkaido. Cultural impact The law prohibited the Ainu from speaking their native language or practicing their traditional animistic religion. Through the legislation, Ainu children received "a rudimentary education in the Japanese language that focused on “national” ethics". Legacy A 1993 survey found that the law was only mentioned in a minority of Japanese textbooks. Ainu activists consider the legislation to have helped facilitate the destruction of Ainu traditional customs to the benefit of Japanese settlers.

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American baseball player Baseball player Charles Smith, nicknamed "Red", was an American Negro league pitcher in the 1910s. Smith made his Negro leagues debut in 1915 with the Philadelphia Giants. He went on to play for several teams through 1919, including the Lincoln Stars, Brooklyn Royal Giants, Bacharach Giants, and Lincoln Giants.

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Village in Vologda Oblast, Russia Davydkovo (Russian: Давыдково) is a rural locality (a village) in Sizemskoye Rural Settlement, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2002. Geography Davydkovo is located 70 km northeast of Sheksna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Artemyevo is the nearest rural locality.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton_Strathcona"}

Federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada Edmonton Strathcona (formerly known as Edmonton—Strathcona) is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1953. It spans the south central part of the city of Edmonton. Edmonton Strathcona was the only federal riding in Alberta not held by the Conservative Party between 2008 and 2015 and 2019 to 2021. Geography The riding is home to most of Edmonton's francophones. The historic district of Old Strathcona, the University of Alberta, the University of Alberta Campus Saint-Jean and the Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre are all located in the riding. Edmonton Strathcona encompasses the neighbourhoods of Allendale, Argyll, Avonmore, Belgravia, Bonnie Doon, Capilano, Cloverdale, Empire Park, Forest Heights, Fulton Place, Garneau, Gold Bar, Grandview Heights, Hazeldean, Holyrood, Idylwylde, Kenilworth, King Edward Park, Lansdowne, Lendrum Place, Malmo Plains, McKernan, Ottewell, Parkallen, Pleasantview, Queen Alexandra Park, Ritchie, Riverdale, Strathcona, Strathearn, Terrace Heights, and Windsor Park. It borders on the federal ridings of Edmonton Centre, Edmonton Griesbach, Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan, Edmonton Mill Woods, and Edmonton Riverbend. This district is bounded: Political geography As evidenced by the 2008 and 2011 elections, this riding is heavily polarized between more urban NDP voters concentrated in the northwest of the riding and suburban Conservative voters concentrated in the south and east. The NDP picked up this seat in 2008 for the first time in its history, when Edmonton lawyer Linda Duncan defeated Tory incumbent Rahim Jaffer, thanks to a consolidation of non-Conservative votes. They have retained the riding since and it has established itself as clearly the most left-leaning riding in Alberta. Demographics According to the Canada 2011 Census; 2013 representation Ethnic groups: 79.2% White, 4.4% Chinese, 4.3% Aboriginal, 2.8% South Asian, 2.1% Filipino, 1.5% Black, 1.2% Latin American, 1.0% Arab Languages: 77.3% English, 3.8% French, 3.5% Chinese, 2.5% German, 1.5% Ukrainian, 1.3% Spanish, 1.3% Tagalog Religions: 52.8% Christian (22.1% Catholic, 5.6% United Church, 3.5% Lutheran, 3.5% Anglican, 2.2% Baptist, 2.0% Christian Orthodox, 1.1% Pentecostal, 13.0% Other), 2.5% Muslim, 1.2% Hindu, 1.1% Buddhist, 40.6% No religion Median income (2010): $35,026 Average income (2010): $46,710 History The Strathcona riding dates back to Territorial times (see Strathcona (electoral district). It was represented by Liberal MPs, then a Liberal MP who after election became a Unionist, then a Conservative), and a United Farmer of Alberta MP in that early incarnation. (This riding was abolished in 1924 and its area was split among the Edmonton East, Edmonton West, Vegreville and Victoria ridings.) The electoral district of "Edmonton-Strathcona" (later Edmonton Strathcona) was created in 1952 from Edmonton East and Edmonton West ridings. "Edmonton—Strathcona" gained territory from Edmonton East and was renamed "Edmonton Strathcona" during the 2012 electoral redistribution. Members of Parliament This riding has elected the following members of the House of Commons: Current Member of Parliament The current Member of Parliament is Heather McPherson of the New Democratic Party who was first elected in the 2019 federal election and re-elected in the 2021 federal election. Winning 61% of the district vote in 2021, McPherson holds the largest margin of victory among elected NDP MPs in the 44th parliament. Election results Graph of election results in Edmonton—Strathcona, Edmonton Strathcona (minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted) Edmonton Strathcona (2013–present) Graph of election results in Edmonton Strathcona (minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted) Edmonton—Strathcona (1952-2013) Graph of election results in Edmonton—Strathcona (minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898_Invercargill_mayoral_election"}

1898 mayoral election in Invercargill, New Zealand The 1898 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 1 December 1898 as part of that year's local elections. Incumbent mayor Hugh Mair was defeated by councillor John Stead. Results The following table gives the election results:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiempo_de_morir"}

1966 film directed by Arturo Ripstein Tiempo de Morir (Time to Die) is a 1966 Mexican Western film directed by Arturo Ripstein and starring Marga López and Jorge Martínez de Hoyos. Screenplay was written by Nobel Prize winner Gabriel García Marquez and novelist Carlos Fuentes, their first realized film. Synopsis Juan Sayago returns to his hometown after spending 18 years in prison for killing a man, Trueba, in cold blood. When Trueba's son, Julian, hears Sayago has returned to town he demands that Sayago face him in a duel to avenge his father's death. However Julian's brother, Pedro begins to doubt Sayago is an honorless killer after meeting Sayago and spending time with him. Then Pedro hears from his fiancé's father that in realty Trueba had provoked Sayago till he was forced to kill him to preserve his honor as a man. Pedro tells Julián but he is unswayed by these stories and beats Pedro for even suggesting their father was anything less than perfect. Julian continues harassing Sayago by following him around and destroying what's left of his house until finally Sayago is forced to once again face Julian as he did his father to preserve his honor. Sayago kills Julian, and in return, Pedro is forced to kill Sayago. Cast Reception On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 100% based on seven reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. John DeFore on The Hollywood Reporter called the film "a gem of a vintage Mexican Western that feels its moral quandaries deeply". Robert Abele from Los Angeles Times wrote: "Shot in a crisp black-and-white that treasures bleak long shots as much as thrillingly nervous camera movement, "Time to Die" turns the showdown narrative of so many oaters into an actively intelligent, darkly funny and no less suspenseful rumination on the pull of the horizon versus the ill wind at the back." Ben Sachs from Chicago Reader stated: "This was the first feature directed by Arturo Ripstein (Deep Crimson), and already he demonstrates a refined aesthetic sensibility in his use of curvilinear camera movements to chart the development of interpersonal relationships." Alan Scherstuhl from The Village Voice wrote: "Spare and heartsick, Arturo Ripstein’s 1966 cycles-of-violence western parable Time to Die finds nothing romantic in showdowns and shootouts. It’s a swift slow burn of a film, the story of a man who once got pushed too far with terrible results now getting pushed too far again, with results that are, as the title suggests, sure to be worse. The screenplay may come from novelists — it’s credited to no less than Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Carlos Fuentes — but don’t look to it for novelistic expansiveness. Ripstein’s debut is pared down, whetted to a cutting sharpness." In 1967, won a "Best Film (Mejor Película)" award given by the "Mexican Cinema Journalists".

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Danish footballer (born 2002) Mathias Damm Kvistgaarden (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰve̝stˌkɒˀn̩]; born 15 April 2002) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Danish Superliga club Brøndby IF. He has represented Denmark at youth level. Club career Brøndby Youth Born in Birkerød, Kvistgaarden began his career at hometown club IF Skjold Birkerød. At age 11, he was noticed by scouts of FC Nordsjælland at a youth trial, while at the same time going on trial at Lyngby Boldklub; eventually choosing to move to the Lyngby youth academy in 2013. Two years later, he joined the youth academy of Brøndby IF at U13-level, partly due to the Kvistgaarden family's close relationship to former head coach of Brøndby, Thomas Frank. At the same time, he enrolled as a pupil at Brøndbyvester Skole located less than one kilometre from the club, with his main course being physical education. He described the environment in the youth squads as being very competitive compared to his former experiences in IF Skjold and Lyngby, and the Brøndby U13-team ended up in first place of the table of their respective youth league that year. Kvistgaarden was promoted to the U19-team in the summer of 2019, and scored nine goals in 14 appearances in their campaign in the under-19 league. First team Kvistgaarden was included in the first-team squad for the first time on 5 July 2020, ahead of an away match in the Danish Superliga against AaB, due to regular first team strikers Simon Hedlund and Samuel Mráz having been tested positive for COVID-19. During the match, which Brøndby lost 2–0, Kvistgaarden made his debut as a 73rd-minute substitute for Mikael Uhre. His first senior goal came on 6 March 2022, which proved to be the winning goal in a 1–0 away victory against Silkeborg in the domestic league. He made his first start for Brøndby on 14 April in a league loss against AaB. He signed a contract extension on 29 April, keeping him at the club until 2025. In May 2022, Kvistgaarden scored four goals in three league appearances, including his first brace on the final matchday of the season against Silkeborg. Before the match, he had been named Superliga Young Player of the Month for May. International career Kvistgaarden has won six caps for Denmark at under-18 level in which he has scored three goals. He made his debut for the Denmark under-19 team on 8 October 2020 in a friendly against Poland, where he scored a goal in a 3–1 win. On 4 June 2022, Kvistgaarden gained his first cap for the Denmark under-21s in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier against Kazakhstan. He started and played 63 minutes before being substituted for Rasmus Højlund in a 3–0 win at Vejle Stadium. He scored his first goal for the under-21 team ten days later against Turkey, poking in the ball at the far post after an assist by Gustav Isaksen. Career statistics As of match played 13 November 2022 Honours Brøndby Individual

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMMP"}

Finnish pop rock band PMMP was a Finnish pop rock band fronted by singers Paula Vesala and Mira Luoti and backed by musicians Mikko Virta, Juho Vehmanen and Heikki Kytölä. The name of the band is often said to be an abbreviation of the sentence "Paulan ja Miran Molemmat Puolet", which can be translated in English as "Both Sides of Paula and Mira". However, in an interview on the Finnish talk show Krisse Show, they stated that the name of the band comes, like ABBA, from the names of 4 of its members: so PMMP is Paula, Mira, Mira, Paula. PMMP's albums were produced by former Thergothon drummer Jori Sjöroos, who also wrote the music for all the songs. The lyrics are written by Paula and Mira. The band is an acclaimed live act. PMMP first became well known in Finland with the 2003 summer hit Rusketusraidat ("Tan Lines"). They then enjoyed great success with their second album Kovemmat kädet ("Rougher Hands"), which sold gold (double platinum year 2010). An extended version of the album was released in August 2005. Oo siellä jossain mun, a single from the aforementioned album, is PMMP's biggest hit so far in Finland. In November 2006 PMMP released their third album Leskiäidin tyttäret ("Daughters of a widow mother"), which sold platinum on the day it was released. They released an album labeled Puuhevonen ("Wooden Horse") with traditional children's songs in 2007, around the time their first children were born. In 2009 they released their fourth rock/pop album Veden varaan ("Overboard") and their fifth album Rakkaudesta ("Of Love"), released in 2012, is considered as their comeback album. PMMP played their final concert on October 27, 2013, in the sold-out Helsinki Ice Hall. "Matka jatkuu vaan" – The Journey Continues In an article titled "Matka jatkuu vaan" in the biggest Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat (17.2.2007), journalist Leena Virtanen attempts to explain how it is that PMMP appeal to both children and adults, concluding that while indeed an energetic pop band PMMP "live within the space between childhood and adulthood", referring to the lifeworlds of both children and adults, carried through with eternal optimism. Virtanen concludes with the words from one of PMMP's best known songs "Matkalaulu" (travel song), which is in fact a song about the band being on the road: "Tämä voi olla koko elämämme ihanin päivä. Ajetaan hiljempaa. Toivon, että matka jatkuu, jatkuu vaan" [This could be the most wonderful day of our whole life. Let's drive slower. I hope the journey goes on, goes on and on..."] Activism PMMP has supported Amnesty International's work against the violence towards women. The song Joku raja from the album Leskiäidin tyttäret is named after Amnesty's campaign by the same name. On 25 May 2013 PMMP was supposed to perform together with two members of the Russian punk band Pussy Riot at the Maailma kylässä (World Village) festival in Helsinki. The members of Pussy Riot had disappeared and PMMP performed without them but supported their cause for human rights in Russia. Following that event, after 10 years of performing, the group disbanded. The members of PMMP Discography Albums Singles

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Football tournament The Scottish Women's Football Championship Cup is an annual knockout competition in Scottish women's football, for teams playing in the SWF Championship, the third tier league below the two-division SWPL. Established as part of a reorganisation of the lower leagues in late 2019 and intended to be the early-season cup for a spring-summer-autumn fixture calendar, its first edition in 2020 was played up to the quarter-final stage before being cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Scotland. The fixture calendar was moved to an autumn-winter-spring schedule to accommodate for restrictions of the pandemic, but even a truncated 2020–21 SWF Championship campaign had to be cancelled and no cup was played. The 2021 Championship Cup therefore coincided with the early part of the 2021–22 SWF Championship season. Its final was played at the Falkirk Stadium on 28 November 2021. As the cup for third tier clubs, the competition is the equivalent of the Scottish Women's Football League First Division Cup which was first competed for in the 1970s and continued until 2019. However, the Scottish Women's Football League continued after the reorganisation (albeit as a standalone 'Recreational' level separate from the SWPL and Championship at the 'Performance' level) and has its own SWFL League Cup which continues the history of that trophy, with the SWF Championship Cup being a new tournament. Winners

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Women%27s_Leadership_School_of_Queens"}

Public middle school and high school in Jamaica, Queens, New York, United States The Young Women's Leadership School of Queens (TYWLS) is a public girls' high school and middle school located in Jamaica, Queens, New York City. The school is administered by the New York City Department of Education. Since 2013 Mala Panday has been the principal and the assistant principals are Jennifer Pineda and George Díaz. The school has Advisory, a class for individual talking and sharing feelings. In this class, students are free to speak their minds confidentially. In addition to the state required course load, TYWLS of Queens also offers multiple advanced placement (AP) courses as well as an array of after school clubs. The school is located on 87th Road near Parsons Boulevard and Hillside Avenue, in the former Jamaica Jewish Center building. The building was built in 1928, and renovated in 1998 in order to convert it into a school building. There are four other schools in New York City with the title Young Women's Leadership School, in Harlem, Brooklyn, Astoria, and the Bronx. The school in Harlem is the charter school.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapalaya"}

Defunct restaurant in Portland, Oregon, U.S. Tapalaya was a Vietnamese-Cajun restaurant owned by chef Anh Luu in the Kerns neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States. The restaurant closed in 2019, and was replaced by a vegan restaurant called The Sudra. History Tapalaya opened in northeast Portland in 2008. In her role as head chef, Luu "rebooted" the restaurant's menu in 2014, then purchased Tapalaya in 2017. She competed on Chopped in 2015, and her "Chicken, Shrimp, and Andouille Sausage Gumbo" recipe was included in Portland Cooks, Recipes from the City’s Best Restaurants & Bars (2017). The restaurant was burgled in February 2019, and participated in Portland Dining Month. It was included in the Portland Mercury's "100 Portland Happy Hours: Northeast" list in 2019. Tapalaya closed in 2019 when Luu relocated to New Orleans. The Oregonian's Michael Russell included Tapalaya is his list of "Portland's most painful restaurant closures of 2019". Reception In 2018, The Oregonian ranked Tapalaya one of North and Northeast Portland's 40 best restaurants.

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Youth programs are particular activities designed to involve people between the ages of 10 and 25. Activities included are generally oriented towards youth development through recreation, social life, prevention, intervention, or education. During youth programs participants might be involved in sports, religion, community service, youth activism, youth service, or outdoor education. Topics covered include youth empowerment, consumer rights, youth-led media, and youth rights. Youth program focuses and activities generally depend on the location, culture, class, education, and ideals of the individuals and organizations involved. These programs are offered by government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and businesses around the world.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_(memoir)"}

Dry is a memoir written by American writer Augusten Burroughs. It describes the author's battle with alcoholism. Dry was written before Running with Scissors, but was published second. Dry reached number 24 on The New York Times Best Seller list for Hardcover Nonfiction. Although the memoir is based on actual events, the first pages include this author's note: "This memoir is based on my experiences over a ten-year period. Names have been changed, characters combined, and events compressed. Certain episodes are imaginative re-creation, and those episodes are not intended to portray actual events." Synopsis The first part of the memoir centers on Burroughs' intervention by his co-workers and boss as well as his time spent at a rehab facility that caters specifically to gay and lesbian patients. The second part of the novel deals with Burroughs' first bout with sobriety since leaving the rehab program. He meets a love interest at his group therapy sessions and takes in a fellow addict in recovery. Part II also shows the decline in health in Burroughs' ex-boyfriend and current friend, only named Pighead in the memoir. Pighead is living with HIV, and although healthy in the beginning of the book, he eventually succumbs to the effects of HIV. The death of his friend sends Burroughs into a relapse, including drinking, cocaine and crack. The memoir ends with Burroughs getting clean and helping another alcoholic friend of his through his recovery. Characters Augusten Main character and author of the memoir. Greer Burroughs's co-worker and friend. Part of the intervention Jim Mortician. Burroughs's drinking buddy. Reappears in the end sober and in recovery as well. Pighead Burroughs's best friend and former love interest. Foster Burroughs's love interest in the memoir. They meet at group therapy for alcohol/drug addicts. Hayden Recovering addict who moves in with Burroughs midway through the memoir Film adaptation Burroughs is writing the script for a Showtime series based on the memoir. No release date has been announced.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygaspis_quadrifrons"}

Species of lizard Zygaspis quadrifrons, also known as the Kalahari dwarf worm lizard or Kalahari round-snouted worm lizard, is a worm lizard species in the family Amphisbaenidae. It is found in southern Africa.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handsworth_F.C."}

Association football club in England Football club Handsworth Football Club is a football club based in Handsworth, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. They are currently members of the Northern Counties East League Premier Division and play at Olivers Mount in Darnall. History The club was established in 2014 as the result of a merger between Handsworth and Worksop Parramore; work on the merger had begun in 2013 and was finalised the following year. The new club took Worksop Parramore's place in the Premier Division of the Northern Counties East League. In their first season the club won the League Cup, beating Cleethorpes Town 4–3 in the final, coming back from 3–1 down with six minutes remaining. In June 2019, the club was renamed Handsworth Football Club. Season-by-season record Grounds Olivers Mount was the home ground of the original Handsworth, but it failed a ground grading test in 2012 which resulted in the club being relegated from the Northern Counties East League. Parramore Sports played at Sandy Lane in Worksop, which they bought after Worksop Town were evicted in 2008. After the merger in 2014, the club's first team played at Sandy Lane (which Worksop Town had returned to as tenants), while reserve and youth team games were played at Olivers Mount. The first team moved to Olivers Mount in 2020. Honours Records

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Wilson"}

American singer Wendy Wilson (born October 16, 1969) is an American singer and television personality who is a member of the pop trio Wilson Phillips. She co-founded Wilson Phillips with her older sister, Carnie, and childhood friend Chynna Phillips when they were in their teens. Wilson Phillips released two albums in 1990 and 1992 before splitting up. Wendy and Carnie released a Christmas album together in 1993, and an album called The Wilsons in 1997, with their formerly estranged father, Brian. In 2004, Wendy reunited with Carnie and Phillips for a third Wilson Phillips album, California. In 2012, the reunited Wilson Phillips released the album Dedicated, which comprised covers of songs by The Beach Boys and The Mamas & the Papas. In June 2012, Wendy joined her sister Carnie and other members of the Beach Boys' families to form the vocal group, California Saga, which performed at the intermission during the homecoming Hollywood Bowl show of the Beach Boys' 50th anniversary tour. Family Born in Los Angeles, Wendy Wilson is the second daughter of Beach Boys founder Brian Wilson and his first wife Marilyn. Her mother is of Jewish heritage, while her father is of Dutch, Scottish, English, German, Irish, and Swedish ancestry. Wilson married record producer/sound engineer Daniel Knutson on May 24, 2002, in the rose garden of the Ritz-Carlton in Marina Del Rey. They have four sons: Leo Evan Knutson (b. September 14, 2003), Beau Alexander Knutson (b. September 23, 2004), and twins, Will Hunter and Jesse Miles Knutson (b. August 17, 2007). Television appearances In February 2008, Wilson appeared in an episode of the American reality television program Supernanny. Her sister Carnie and her niece Lola Bonfiglio also made an appearance in the episode. In April 2008, Wilson appeared in an episode of the Tyra Banks show Amazing Moms. On January 7, 2010, Wilson appeared with her sister, their mother Marilyn, and their husbands on a special edition of The Newlywed Game. In 2012, Wilson Phillips created a reality television show called: Wilson Phillips: Still Holding On. The show premiered on TV Guide. In July 2016, Wilson Phillips reunited and performed on ABC's Greatest Hits. Musical career

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_Nail_Clipper"}

2004 Finnish film Dog Nail Clipper (Finnish: Koirankynnen leikkaaja) is a 2004 Finnish film directed by Markku Pölönen and starring Peter Franzén and Taisto Reimaluoto. The film is an adaptation of Finnish author Veikko Huovinen's 1980 novel of the same name. In spite of low profits, the film was critically acclaimed receiving positive reviews and winning several major film awards. Dog Nail Clipper was the most successful film at the 2005 Jussi Awards winning in five categories including Best Film, Best Actor, and Best Direction. Plot Mertsi (Peter Franzén) is an intelligent young Finnish soldier fighting against the Soviet Union in World War II. During a battle in 1941, Mertsi is shot in the head and sustains substantial brain damage that leaves him unable to cope with the demands of a normal life. Two of his friends, Eetvi (Taisto Reimaluoto) and Ville (Ahti Kuoppala), try to help him by getting him employed at their places of work so that they can keep an eye on him. But both jobs — construction with Ville and logging with Eetvi — prove to be beyond Mertsi's current ability. Ville tells Mertsi about his dog back home and speaks warmly about his companionship and his concern for the dog's well-being due to the overly long claws. Mertsi decides to travel to Ville's village and take care of the dog by clipping his nails. Due to Mertsi's inability to take care of himself, his trip to the village and his stay with the dog are marked by the kindness and compassion of complete strangers who help Mertsi in his quest to make himself feel like a useful and needed member of the society. Cast and characters Reception Critical response The film was a success with critics, receiving mostly positive reviews and winning several major film awards. Jay Weissberg of Variety called the film "Markku Polonen's most mature work to date" and citing, among other things, "Peter Franzen's standout performance" as reason behind film's success. In a separate review in 2008, Weissberg referred to Dog Nail Clipper as "emotionally satisfying but quirky". Weissberg also offered his opinion that the title of the film gives a false impression of the film's thematic subject and that it "may hamper international sales". Film critic Rich Cline called the film "emotionally resonant and relevant" concluding that "it's a simple, moving film". Awards Won Nominated

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)"}

Religion in Northern California Kuksu, was a religion in Northern California practiced by members within several Indigenous peoples of California before and during contact with the arriving European settlers. The religious belief system was held by several tribes in Central California and Northern California, from the Sacramento Valley west to the Pacific Ocean. The practice of Kuksu religion included elaborate narrative ceremonial dances and specific regalia. The men of the tribe practiced rituals to ensure good health, bountiful harvests, hunts, fertility, and good weather. Ceremonies included an annual mourning ceremony, rites of passage, and intervention with the spirit world. A male secret society met in underground dance rooms and danced in disguises at the public dances. Among the Patwin and Maidu, Hesi developed as a subdivision of Kuksu distinguished by its female participation. Kuksu has been identified archaeologically by the discovery of underground dance rooms and wooden dance drums. Northern Kuksu religion Patwin The Patwin culture of Northern California had comparatively strong and noticeable Kuksu systems and rituals. Maidu The Maidu culture of Northern California had comparatively strong and noticeable Kuksu systems and rituals. Pomo Kuksu was personified as a spirit being by the Pomo people. Their mythology and dance ceremonies were witnessed, including the spirit of Kuksu or Guksu, between 1892 and 1904. The Pomo used the name Kuksu or Guksu, depending on the dialect, as the name for a red-beaked supernatural being, that lived in a sweathouse at the southern end of the world. Healing was his province and specialty. The person who played the Kuksu/Guksu in Pomo dance ceremonies was often considered the medicine man, and dressed as him when attending the sick. A ceremony dance was named after him. He also appeared in costume at most ceremonies briefly in order to take away the villager's illnesses. All males were expected to join a ceremonial society; some of their dances were private or secret from women and children. Scholars differ in their opinions of the societies' power in the tribe: "There was no secret society of importance as there was among the Maidu and presumedly among the neighboring Wintun, and no organized priesthood vested with control over ceremonies." In contrast, in 1925 a witness of the Clear Lake Pomo said: "The heart of religious activities lay in a secret society called kuhma, akin to that of the Patwin and Maidu and composed chiefly of men, which managed the ritual of the ancient kuksu religion. Southern Kuksu religion The ethnohistorian Alfred L. Kroeber observed that Kuksu existed, but had less "specialized cosmogony," in the "southern Kuksu-dancing groups" of the Ohlone/Costanoan, Salinan, Miwok and Esselen and northernmost Yokuts, in comparison to the groups in the Northern California and northern Sacramento Valley.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharad_Pawar"}

Indian politician (born 1940) Sharad Govindrao Pawar (Marathi pronunciation: [ʃəɾəd̪ pəʋaːɾ], born 12 December 1940) is an Indian politician. He has served as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra for four ministries. He has served as in the Union Council Of Ministers as the Minister of Defence in the Cabinet of P.V Narsimha Rao and Minister of Agriculture in the Cabinet of Manmahon Singh. He is president of the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), which he founded in 1999, after separating from the Indian National Congress. He leads the NCP delegation in the Rajya Sabha, the upper chamber of the Indian parliament. He is the chairperson of Maha Vikas Aghadi, a regional Maharashtra-based political alliance. Pawar comes from Baramati of Maharashtra. He is the patriarch of the Pawar Family an influential political family and a prominent face in Maharashtra politics. Other politicians from the family include his daughter Supriya Sule, Ajit Pawar his nephew, Rohit Rajendra Pawar a nephew's son and other members of his extended family. Outside of politics, Pawar served as the Chairman of the Board of Control for Cricket in India BCCI from 2005 to 2008 and as the president of the International Cricket Council from 2010 to 2012. He was the president of the Mumbai Cricket Association from October 2013 to January 2017. In 2017, the Indian government conferred upon him Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian honour of India. Personal life and family Pawar is one of the eleven children born to Govindrao Pawar and Shardabai Pawar.[citation needed] The ancestors of Govindrao had moved to Baramati from the nearby Satara. Govindrao had a long career in Sahakari Kharedi Vikri Sangh, a Baramati Farmers' Cooperative. He also managed Shahu boarding, a students' hostel, in the 1940s. In the 1950s he was instrumental in setting up cooperative sugar mills in the Baramati region. Shardabai Pawar was elected to the district local board three times between 1937 and 1952. She looked after the family farm at Katewadi, ten kilometres from Baramati.[citation needed] Pawar studied at Brihan Maharashtra College of Commerce (BMCC) in Pune. He was an average student but active in student politics. Most of his siblings were well educated and successful in their respective professions. Vasantrao, the eldest brother of Pawar and a lawyer, was murdered over a land deal by a man who was suspected to be a hired assassin. Pratap Pawar, Pawar's younger brother, runs the Marathi daily newspaper Sakal. Pawar's nephew, Ajit Pawar, is a politician and served as the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra. His grandnephew Rohit Rajendra Pawar represents the Karjat constituency in the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha. Pawar is married to Pratibha (née Shinde), daughter of the test cricketer Sadashiv Shinde. They have a daughter, Supriya Sule, who represents the Baramati constituency in the 17th Lok Sabha. He is the oldest and senior most member of Pawar political dynastic family of Maharashtra. The family have 2 members of parliament and 2 members of legislative assembly in state assembly, among them Ajit Pawar was the deputy chief minister of Maharashtra. The family have their political party. It is an influential family in Maharashtra and India. In 1999, Pawar was diagnosed with oral cancer due to the habit of chewing gutka, and had oral surgery in April 2004. In March 2021, he underwent surgery for his gallbladder problem. Political career Early career Pawar's first political activity was when he was a schoolboy, he organized a protest march for Goan Independence in Pravaranagar in 1956. At college he was active in student politics. Although his older lawyer brother belonged to Peasants and Workers Party, young Pawar preferred the Congress party and joined Youth Congress in 1958. He later became the president of Poona district (now Pune district) youth Congress in 1962. By 1964, he was one of the two secretaries of Maharashtra youth congress and in regular contact with influential leaders of the party.[citation needed] 1967–1978 Early in his career, Pawar was regarded as a protégé of Yashwantrao Chavan, a highly influential politician from Maharashtra at that time. At the young age of 27 in 1967, Pawar was nominated as the candidate for the Baramati constituency of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly over more established members by the undivided Congress Party.[citation needed] He won the election and represented the constituency from 1967 to 1990. In 1969, when the Congress party split after the 1969 Indian presidential election he opted for the Congress(R) faction of prime minister Indira Gandhi along with his mentor Yashwantrao Chavan. As the MLA of Baramati in the early 1970s, he was instrumental in building percolation tanks during a severe drought in Maharashtra. Like most Congress party politicians from rural western Maharashtra, he was also heavily involved in the politics of the local cooperative sugar mills and other member run cooperatives societies. In the early 1970s, the then chief minister Vasantrao Naik had been power for a long time and there was jockeying for succession among different factions of the state Congress party. At that time, looking to the future leadership of the party, Yashwantrao Chavan persuaded Naik to bring Pawar into his cabinet as state home affairs minister.[when?] Pawar continued as home affairs minister in the 1975-77 government of Shankarrao Chavan, who succeeded Naik as the chief minister.[citation needed] 1978-1987 In the 1977 Lok Sabha elections, Congress party, under Indira Gandhi, lost power to the Janata Alliance. Taking responsibility for the loss of large number of seats in Maharashtra, chief minister Shankarrao Chavan resigned shortly afterwards and was replaced by Vasantdada Patil. Later in the year, the Congress party split, with Pawar's mentor, Yashwantrao Chavan joining one faction, Congress (U), and Indira Gandhi leading her own faction, Congress (I). Pawar himself joined Congress (U). In the state assembly elections held early in 1978, the two Congress parties ran separately but then formed an alliance to keep power under Vasantdada Patil and deny it to Janata Party which emerged as the biggest single party after the election, but without a majority. Pawar served as Minister of Industry and Labour in the Patil government. In July 1978, Pawar broke away from the Congress (U) party to form a coalition government with the Janata Party. In the process, at the age of 38, he became the youngest Chief Minister of Maharashtra. This Progressive Democratic Front (PDF) government was dismissed in February 1980, following Indira Gandhi's return to power. In the 1980 elections Congress (I) won the majority in the state assembly, and A.R. Antulay took over as chief minister. Pawar took over the Presidency of his Indian National Congress (Socialist) Congress (S) party in 1983. For the first time, he won the Lok Sabha election from the Baramati parliamentary constituency in 1984. He also won the state assembly election of March 1985 from Baramati and preferred to return to state politics, and resigned his Lok Sabha seat. Congress (S), won 54 seats out of 288 in the state assembly, and Pawar became the leader of the opposition of PDF[clarification needed] coalition which included the BJP, PWP, and the Janata party. 1987–1990 His return to Congress (I) in 1987 has been cited as a reason for the rise of the Shiv Sena at that time. Pawar had stated at the time, "the need to save the Congress Culture in Maharashtra", as his reason for returning to Congress. In June 1988, Prime Minister of India and Congress President Rajiv Gandhi decided to induct then Maharashtra Chief Minister Shankarrao Chavan into his Union Cabinet as Finance Minister and Pawar was chosen to replace Chavan as the chief minister. Pawar had the task of checking the rise of the Shiv Sena in state politics, which was a potential challenge to the dominance of Congress in the state. In the 1989 Lok Sabha elections, Congress won 28 seats out of 48 in Maharashtra. In the state assembly elections of February 1990, the alliance between the Shiv Sena and the Bharatiya Janata Party posed a stiff challenge to Congress. Congress fell short of an absolute majority in the state assembly, winning 141 seats out of 288. Pawar was sworn in as chief minister again on 4 March 1990 with the support of 12 independent or unaffiliated members of the legislative assembly (MLAs).[citation needed] Early 1990s During the course of the 1991 election campaign, former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated. The party elected P.V. Narasimha Rao as the party president. It was expected that the party president would become the prime minister in the event of a Congress victory. However, Pawar at that time had talked about the distinction between party president and prime minister. Also since the Congress contingent from Maharashtra was the largest, Pawar felt he had a legitimate claim for the post of prime minister. However, Pawar eventually decided not to enter the contest, and the Congress Parliamentary Party (party MPs) unanimously elected P.V. Narasimha Rao as their leader, and he was sworn in as prime minister on 21 June 1991. Rao named Pawar as defence minister. On 26 June 1991, Pawar took over that portfolio, and held it until March 1993. After Pawar's successor in Maharashtra, Sudhakarrao Naik, stepped down after the disastrous handling of the Bombay riots, Rao asked Pawar to serve again as chief minister of the state. Pawar was sworn in as chief minister for his fourth term on 6 March 1993. Almost immediately, Mumbai experienced a series of bomb blasts, on 12 March 1993. Pawar's response to the blasts attracted controversy. More than a decade later, Pawar admitted that he had "deliberately misled" people following the bombings, by saying that there were "13 and not 12" explosions, and had added the name of a Muslim-dominated locality to show that people from both communities had been affected. He attempted to justify this deception by claiming that it was a move to prevent communal riots, by falsely portraying that both Hindu and Muslim communities in the city had been affected adversely. He also admitted to lying about evidence recovered and misleading people into believing that it pointed to the Tamil Tigers as possible suspects. Mid-to-late 1990s In 1993, the Deputy Commissioner of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation, G. R. Khairnar made a series of accusations against Pawar for being involved in corruption and protecting criminals. Though Khairnar could not produce any evidence in support of his claims, it inevitably affected Pawar's popularity. Notable social worker Anna Hazare started a fast-unto-death to demand the expulsion of 12 officers of the Maharashtra state forest department who had been accused of corruption. The opposition parties accused Pawar's government of trying to shield the corrupt officers.[citation needed] The 1994 Gowari stampede occurred at Nagpur, during the winter session of the state assembly, and killed 114 people. Nagpur Police were trying to disperse almost 50,000 Gowari and Vanjari protesters using baton charges but the police created panic and triggered a stampede amongst protesters. Allegations were made that the mishap occurred because welfare minister Madhukarrao Pichad did not meet with the delegation of the Vanjari people in time. Though Pichad, accepting moral responsibility for the mishap, stepped down, this incident was another setback to Pawar's government.[citation needed] After 16 years of protest by the Namantar Andolan (Name-change Movement), the state government finally renamed Marathwada University as Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University on 14 January 1994, the compromise new name being an expansion of the old name (Namvistar) rather than a complete change of name (Namanatar). As chief minister, Pawar announced few developments in university departments. New elections to the Vidhan Sabha were held in 1995. The Shiv Sena-BJP coalition was leading Congress in the polls, and there was widespread rebellion in the Congress party.[citation needed] Shiv Sena-BJP won 138 seats while Congress retained only 80 seats in the state assembly. Pawar had to step down and Shiv Sena leader Manohar Joshi took over as chief minister on 14 March 1995. Until the Lok Sabha elections of 1996, Pawar served as the Leader of the Opposition in the state assembly. In the 1996 General elections, Pawar won the Baramati seat in the Lok Sabha and left the state assembly.[citation needed] In June 1997, Pawar unsuccessfully challenged Sitaram Kesri for the post of President of the Indian National Congress. In the mid-term parliamentary elections of 1998, Pawar not only won his constituency, Baramati, but also led Congress to a win by a large majority[clarification needed] of Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituencies. Congress was aligned with the Republican Party of India (Athvale) and Samajwadi Party for the Lok Sabha elections in Maharashtra. The Congress party won 33 Lok Sabha seats outright, and the allied Republican Party of India won 4 more, for a total of 37 out of 48 in the state. Pawar served as Leader of Opposition in the 12th Lok Sabha.[citation needed] Formation of Nationalist Congress Party In 1999, after the 12th Lok Sabha was dissolved and elections to the 13th Lok Sabha were called, Pawar, P. A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar demanded that the party needed to propose someone native-born as the prime ministerial candidate and not the Italian-born Sonia Gandhi, who had entered party politics and replaced Kesri as Congress president. In response, the Congress working committee (CWC) expelled the trio for six years from the party. In response Pawar and Sangma founded the Nationalist Congress Party in June 1999. Despite the falling out, the new party aligned with the Congress party to form a coalition government in Maharashtra after the 1999 state assembly elections to prevent the Shiv Sena-BJP combine from returning to power. Pawar, however, did not return to state politics and Vilasrao Deshmukh of Congress was chosen as chief minister, with Chagan Bhujbal representing the NCP as deputy chief minister. Minister of agriculture in UPA government After the 2004 Lok Sabha elections, Pawar joined the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government headed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as the Minister of Agriculture. He retained his portfolio when the UPA coalition government was reelected in 2009. He faced several crisis and controversies during his tenure as Agriculture minister. Critics also point out that during his tenure as the minister agriculture, he spent time on cricket in his role as the president of BCCI than on his ministerial duties. Wheat imports In 2007, the BJP asked for Pawar's resignation after alleging he was involved in a multi-crore Indian rupee (INR) scam involving wheat imports. In May 2007, a tender floated by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) for procurement of wheat was cancelled when the lowest bid received was for US$263/ton. The government subsequently allowed private traders to purchase wheat directly from farmers that year resulting in a paucity of wheat to stock FCI granaries. By July 2007 the shortage at FCI was large enough to require import of wheat at a much higher price of 320–360 USD/ton. Taking advantage of this, traders who had domestically purchased wheat at 900 INR/ton earlier, were now offering the same to FCI at 1,300 INR/ton. Agricultural produce prices As the Minister of Agriculture, Pawar was consistently accused of colluding in the extreme hike in prices of agricultural produce: Farmer suicides Since the 1990s there had been a high number of farmer suicides in India: in excess of 10,000 per year, and totalling over 200,000 between 1997 and 2010. Pawar, as the agricultural minister, in 2006 had underplayed the rate of farmer suicide in India. However, he claimed at that time that his department was taking the necessary steps to reduce the numbers.[citation needed] His ministry initiated a series of government inquiries to look into the causes of farmers' suicides in 2012. In 2013 Pawar admitted that the suicides was a serious issue with many factors being responsible, and he said the government was increasing investment in agriculture and raising minimum prices of crops to increase farmers' income. Promotion of endosulfan Even though the pesticide endosulfan has been banned, India is slow to phase it out. In spite of its known negative health effects, Pawar made a remark that endosulfan is not yet proved dangerous. This remark prompted activist Vandana Shiva to call him a corrupt minister. Other issues In 2012, Pawar gave up the chairmanship of the Empowered Group of Ministers investigating the 2G spectrum case, days after his appointment by the prime minister, fearing that his association with the decision-making process would drag him into the 2G Spectrum controversy. In 2011, he also decided to resign from the committee that was reviewing the draft of the anti-corruption Lokpal bill after his inclusion in the committee was criticized by the anti-corruption campaigner, Anna Hazare. Career since 2014 In January 2012, Pawar announced that he would not contest the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, in order to make way for younger leadership. Pawar is at present a member of the Rajya Sabha. He was elected to the body in April 2014 for a six-year term. He lost his ministerial position when the BJP-led NDA defeated the ruling UPA government, in which Pawar was the minister of agriculture, in the general elections of 2014. Pawar's NCP also lost power in Maharashtra after the 2014 assembly elections. The BJP had won a plurality of seats in the new assembly and initially formed a minority government with the NCP. The BJP's estranged ally, the Shiv Sena later joined the BJP-led government, and that government then did not need the support of the NCP. In May 2017, Pawar ruled out being a candidate for the June 2017 Indian presidential election. In the 2019 elections to the Lok Sabha, Pawar's NCP and the Congress party had a seat-sharing arrangement. Similarly, despite their differences, the BJP and Shiv Sena once again contested the elections together under the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) banner. The election gave a landslide victory to Narendra Modi's BJP. Out of the 48 seats in Maharashtra, the Congress party won only one seat in the state, whereas the NCP won five seats from its stronghold of western Maharashtra. The 2019 Lok Sabha elections were soon followed by elections to the Vidhan Sabhaa in October 2019.[citation needed] Predictions for the state's ruling BJP–Shiv Sena alliance to win by a large margin led to a steady stream of defections from the NCP to the ruling alliance. Pawar was the star campaigner for the NCP-Congress alliance in the state.His campaigning during the assembly election was credited with helping not only the NCP but also the leaderless Congress party. Against predictions, the actual voting left the ruling alliance with fewer seats than in 2014. After the election, Pawar thought that his party would remain in opposition in the new assembly. However, differences between the Shiv Sena and the BJP led to a month of political drama, with Pawar and his family playing a pivotal roles. The drama ended with the NCP coming back into power on 28 November 2019, as part of a coalition between Shiv Sena, Congress, and the NCP, led by the Shiv Sena chief, Uddhav Thackeray, as the new chief minister of Maharashtra.[citation needed] In June 2020, Pawar was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha. Sports administration Pawar has interests in cricket, kabbadi, kho kho, wrestling and football. He has served as the head of various sports organisations, including Pawar served as the president of Pune International Marathon Trust, which has hosted Pune International Marathon for last 22 years.[citation needed] Educational institutions Early in his public career in 1972, Pawar founded "Vidya pratishthan" for serving the educational needs of the rural poor. The organisation now runs a number of schools at all levels, and colleges specialising in subjects such as information technology, and Biotechnology in Baramati and other locations. Pawar is associated with the Hon. Sharad Pawar Public School, [clarification needed]under the Shree Gurudatta Education Society;[citation needed] Sharad Pawar International School, Pune and the Sharad Pawar Cricket Academy, near Mumbai. Pawar is the current president of the century-old educational organisation Rayat Shikshan Sanstha.[needs update] Controversies Criminal links In 1992–93, the then Maharashtra Chief Minister Sudhakarrao Naik made a statement that the state leader of Indian National Congress party and erstwhile-Chief Minister Pawar, had asked him to "go easy on Pappu Kalani", a well known criminal-turned-politician. Shiv Sena chief, Bal Thackeray, later concurred with these allegations. Further, Chief Minister Naik also alleged that it was possible that Kalani and Hitendra Thakur, another criminal-turned-politician from Virar, had been given tickets to contest election for the Maharashtra State Legislature at the behest of Pawar, who also put in a word for Naik with the police when the latter was arrested for his role in post-Demolition of the Babri Masjid riots in Mumbai. Pawar is also alleged to have close links with the underworld don Dawood Ibrahim through Ibrahim's henchman Lakhan Singh based in the Middle East and close relationship with Shahid Balwa, also a suspect in the 2G spectrum case. These allegations were strengthened by the revelation about the involvement of Vinod Goenka, Balwa's business partner, in a controversial commercial project in Yerwada, Pune, which was being constructed under the same survey number as Pawar's family friend, Atul Chordia, had constructed the Panchshil Tech Park. BJP leader Eknath Khadse alleged that it was Balwa who had applied for environmental clearance for the two projects, a charge that Chordia refuted. Coincidentally, Chordia's Panchshil Pvt. Ltd. has Pawar's daughter, Supriya Sule, and her husband Sadanand as investors. The state government's decision to hand over a 3-acre plot of the Yerwada police station for "re-development" to Balwa was retracted following Balwa's arrest. For several years, confusion existed about the number of blasts in the 1993 Bombay Bombings, whether they were 12 or 13 in number. This was because Pawar, the then chief minister of Maharashtra, stated on television that day that there had been 13 blasts, and included a Muslim-dominated locality in the list. He later revealed that he had lied on purpose, and that there had been only 12 blasts, none of them in Muslim-dominated areas; he also confessed that he had attempted to mislead the public into believing that the blasts could be the work of the LTTE, a Sri Lankan militant organization, when in fact intelligence reports had already confirmed to him that Mumbai's Muslim underworld (known as the "D-Company," a reference to Dawood Ibrahim) were the perpetrators of the serial blasts. Land allotment On 27 October 2007, the Bombay High Court served notices to institutions headed by Pawar, Ajit Pawar, and Sadanand Sule (Pawar's son-in-law), along with a corresponding notice served to the Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation (MKVDC) on why special privileges were given to Pawar and his family. This was done in consideration of Public Interest Litigation No. 148 of 2006, filed by Shamsunder Potare alleging that the said 2002 land allocations in Pune were illegal. The institutions and properties mentioned include: These allocations were allegedly made by NCP leader and minister Ramraje Naik Nimbalkar who was in charge of MKVDC at the time. Pawar was served a contempt of court notice on 1 May 2008 in connection with this case for issuing statements to the press even though the matter was subjudice at the time. Also in connection with the case, the respondents were directed not to create third-party interests in the property under dispute and to undertake any developments at their own risk. IPL exemption from tax controversy In 2010, in the case of tax exemptions of the Indian Premier League (IPL), Shiv Sena MLA Subhash Desai alleged that the state cabinet decided in January to impose the tax, before the year's IPL season started, but the decision was not implemented because of NCP chief Pawar's association with the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). Bombay High Court in August 2010 said there was "nothing on record" to show that the Union Minister influenced the Maharashtra government's decision to exempt Indian Premier League matches from entertainment tax. Asset declaration In 2011, Pawar declared his assets to be worth ₹120 million (equivalent to ₹210 million or US$2.6 million in 2020) as part of a mandatory disclosure, but his critics claimed that his wealth far exceeded the stated amount. In 2010, it was alleged that the Pawar family indirectly held a 16% stake in the City Corporation, which had bid ₹11.76 billion (equivalent to ₹22 billion or US$280 million in 2020) for the Pune franchise of the Indian Premier League (IPL). Pawar and his family denied the allegations, but the bidders board of the IPL contradicted their claims. Nira Radia's allegations In 2011, under investigation of the 2G spectrum case Nira Radia told the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) that agriculture minister Pawar may be controlling the controversial DB Realty. According to the reports, she also told the investigative agency that Pawar may have spoken with former telecom minister A. Raja about the allocation of spectrum and licence to Swan Telecom. Radia also said that she had no documentary proof to back up her allegations. Pawar has denied any link with former DB managing director Shahid Balwa who is now in CBI custody.[citation needed] Lavasa Pawar is alleged to have demanded compensation for allowing the planned-city Lavasa to be constructed. When Lavasa Corporation was receiving necessary clearances from the government of Maharashtra, relatives of Pawar had part-ownership of the company developing the project. Pawar's daughter and son-in-law had more than 20% ownership between 2002 and 2004, and they later sold their stakes. A nephew of his was chairman of Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation (MKVDC) when the MKVDC signed off on lease agreements for Lavasa and allowed it to store water and build dams. Comments on the 2010 Pune bombing After the 2010 Pune bombing of German Bakery, Pawar appeared to take the incident lightly. He said to the reporters, "It is not alright to arrive at a conclusion that the entire Pune city has been targeted. The place where the blast took place is an isolated area", adding "when I was Chief Minister, Mumbai saw 11 simultaneous blasts but everything returned to normal soon." Slapping incident Pawar was slapped by a youth named Harvinder Singh at the New Delhi Municipal Corporation centre while leaving the premises after attending a literary function on 24 November 2011. The attacker, who previously is said to have assaulted former telecom minister Sukh Ram, was later arrested. Turban controversy In 2018, Pawar asked party members to felicitate him with the pagadi (turban) of social reformer Mahatma Phule, instead of the usual Puneri Pagadi worn by peshwas (prime ministers) of the Maratha Empire. In response to criticism that he was trying to stir up anti-Brahmin sentiment and appeal to Dalits, Pawar said that he wasn't rejecting any section of society but honoring his idols Phule, Babasaheb Ambedkar, and Shahu Maharaj. Awards and honours

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Austria"}

State of Austria State in Austria Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌʔøːstɐʁaɪç] ( listen); Bavarian: Obaöstareich) is one of the nine states or Länder of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population. History Origins For a long period of the Middle Ages, much of what would become Upper Austria constituted Traungau, a region of the Duchy of Bavaria. In the mid-13th century, it became known as the Principality above the Enns River (Fürstentum ob der Enns), this name being first recorded in 1264. (At the time, the term "Upper Austria" also included Tyrol and various scattered Habsburg possessions in South Germany.) Early modern era In 1490, the area was given a measure of independence within the Holy Roman Empire, with the status of a principality. By 1550, there was a Protestant majority. In 1564, Upper Austria, together with Lower Austria and the Bohemian territories, fell under Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II. At the start of the 17th century, the counter-reformation was instituted under Emperor Rudolf II and his successor Matthias. After a military campaign, the area was under the control of Bavaria for some years in the early 17th century. The Innviertel was ceded from the Electorate of Bavaria to Upper Austria in the Treaty of Teschen in 1779. During the Napoleonic Wars, Upper Austria was occupied by the French army on more than one occasion. 20th century In 1918, after the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the name Oberösterreich was used to describe the province of the new Austria. After Austria was annexed by Adolf Hitler, the Nazi dictator, who had been born in the Upper Austrian town of Braunau am Inn and raised in Upper Austria, Upper Austria became Reichsgau Oberdonau, although this also included the southern part of the Sudetenland, annexed from Czechoslovakia, and a small part of Styria. In 1945, Upper Austria was partitioned between the American zone to the south and the Soviet zone to the north. Today, Upper Austria is Austria's leading industrial region. As of 2009, it accounted for approximately a quarter of the country's exports. Geography Lakes Demographics As of January 1, 2021, 1,495,608 people resided in the state, of which 107,318 (7.17%) were EU/EEA/CH/UK citizens and 96,623 (6.46%) were third-country nationals. The majority of the immigrant population in recent decades has come from Germany, Southeastern Europe, and Turkey, with 1.77% from Germany, 1.48% from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1.19% from Serbia, Montenegro, and Kosovo, and 1.03% from Turkey. Due to the large wave of refugees since the second half of 2015, the number of people from Afghanistan has increased to 6,721 (0.45%) and from Syria to 6,023 (0.4%). The Mühlviertel has been inhabited by a few hundred Sinti since the Middle Ages, very few of whom actually profess to belong to their ethnic group in censuses. The majority of Upper Austrians are Christian: in 2001, 79.4% of the people still belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, about 4.4% were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, 4.0% where Muslims and 8.8% were of no confession. By the end of 2020, the proportion of Catholics had fallen to 62%, while the corresponding proportion of Protestants was about 3.1% of the Upper Austrian population. Population development The historical population is given in the following chart: Economy The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the state was 65.9 billion € in 2018, accounting for 17.1% of the Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 39,500 € or 131% of the EU27 average in the same year. Politics The Upper Austrian state constitution defines Upper Austria as an independent state of the democratic Republic of Austria. In its constitution, Upper Austria also declares its support for a united Europe that is committed to democratic, constitutional, social and federal principles as well as the principle of subsidiarity, preserves the autonomy of the regions and ensures their participation in European decision-making. In its regional constitution, Upper Austria defines its position in Europe as an independent, future-oriented and self-confident region that participates in the further development of a united Europe. Like Styria, Upper Austria is a swing state that usually has a signal character in nationwide elections. The conservative Austrian People's Party dominates in rural areas, the Social Democratic Party of Austria has its strongholds in the cities of Linz, Wels and Steyr or in the Attnang-Puchheim railroad junction, but the right-wing populist Freedom Party of Austria has also traditionally had a strong presence, for example in the Innviertel. Administrative divisions Administratively, the state is divided into 15 districts (Bezirke), three Statutarstädte and 438 municipalities. Statutory cities Districts Historical regions Historically, Upper Austria was traditionally divided into four viertel or regions: Hausruckviertel, Innviertel, Mühlviertel, and Traunviertel. Today these do not exist as administrative regions, but are often still spoken about and referred to: for instance, as the term for the local language dialect (e.g. Innviertlerisch), as the term for the local regional cuisine (e.g. Innviertler Küche), or in regional tourism campaigns (e.g. s'Innviertel).

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Phillips_Jackson"}

English watercolour painter Samuel Phillips Jackson, RWS (1830–1904) was an English water-colour painter. He specialised in landscape and marine painting. Life Samuel Phillips Jackson, born at Bristol on 4 September 1830, was the only son of four children of Samuel Jackson, landscape-painter, by his wife Jane Phillips. One sister married Mr. Roeckel, the musical composer; another became Mrs. Ada Villiers, a musician. He received early instruction in art from his father at Bristol, and studied figure drawing at the life school of the academy there. Among his early Bristol friends were James Francis Danby and Charles Branwhite. He soon directed his attention mainly to land- and sea-scape, and first exhibited in London at the age of twenty. In 1851 his Dismasted Ship off the Welsh Coast was shown at the British Institution, where between that year and 1857 he exhibited nine pictures. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1852, and from that year to 1881 sent eight paintings and eight drawings. On 14 February 1853 he was made associate of the Royal Water Colour Society, and henceforth confined himself to water colours, sending the maximum number of pictures (eight a year) to each summer exhibition of the society until 1876, when he was elected full member. By 1881 he had sent some 500 works to the winter and summer exhibitions. His earlier works, mainly in oils, showed a preference for Devon and Cornish coast scenes, and many of them won the praise of Ruskin. His Coast of North Devon (British Institute) was bought by Mr. Bicknell. The more important were A Roadstead after a Gale, Twilight (Royal Academy 1852), Towing a Disabled Vessel (Royal Academy 1852), Hazy Morning on the Coast of Devon (1853), (the two latter afterwards entered the Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington), A Summer Day on the Coast (1855), The Breakwater and Chapel Rock, Bude, and The Sands at Bude (1856), Dartmouth Harbour (1858), On the Hamoaze, Plymouth (1858, afterwards at South Kensington), Styhead Tarn, Cumberland (1858), and A Dead Calm far at sea (1858). A tour in Switzerland in 1858 with his father produced his Lake of Thun — Evening, exhibited in 1859. Other sea-scapes followed: Bamborough in 1850, Whitby Pier in a Gale in 1863, and St. Ives' Pier in 1864. In 1856 he removed to Streatley-on-Thames, Reading, and subsequently to Henley-on-Thames. Thenceforward he chiefly devoted himself to views of the Thames. The Thames at Wargrave, Mid-day (afterwards at South Kensington) is dated 1866, and The Thames from Streatley Bridge 1868. Jackson had other than artistic interests. He was keenly interested in photography, and invented an instantaneous shutter for which he gained a medal from the Royal Photographic Society. He moved in later life to Bristol and died unmarried at his residence there, 62 Clifton Park Road, on 27 January 1904. Appraisal According to William Benjamin Owen, Jackson's strength lay in firm and careful execution, and in restrained harmonies of tone and colour. In such early work as his Hazy Morning on the Coast of Devon he favoured restful sunlight effects. His handling of grey mist and clouds always skilfully interpreted the placid West Country atmosphere.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aciagrion_hisopa"}

Species of damselfly Aciagrion hisopa, is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is abundant in many South Asian countries, but populations in Sri Lanka is still in doubt. Fraser considered the specimen found in Western Ghats as Aciargion hisopa race krishna. A recent study revealed that the subspecies krishna found in Western Ghats is not conspecific with A. hisopa and found to be very close to A. approximans found in Northeast India; but differing at the level of subspecies. Sources

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Stumptown may refer to several unincorporated communities in the U.S. state of Virginia:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Bugg"}

English singer-songwriter Musical artist Jake Bugg (born Jake Edwin Charles Kennedy on 28 February 1994) is an English singer-songwriter. His self-titled debut album, Jake Bugg, some of which was co-written with songwriter Iain Archer, was released in October 2012 and reached number one on the UK Albums Chart. His second album, Shangri La, was released in November 2013 and his third, largely self-produced album On My One, in June 2016. His fourth album Hearts That Strain, a largely acoustic effort, produced by Dan Auerbach, was released in September 2017. After a gap of four years, in August 2021, Bugg released the more pop-influenced fifth album Saturday Night, Sunday Morning. Early life Jake Bugg was born Jake Edwin Charles Kennedy in Nottingham to musical parents who separated when he was young. His father, David Bugg, was a nurse, and his mother worked in sales, both parents having previously made recordings. He grew up in the Clifton council estate of Nottingham and started playing guitar at the age of 12 after being introduced to the instrument by his uncle Mark. He attended Farnborough School Technology College in Clifton. He has described a formative musical moment when, aged 12, he heard Don McLean's "Vincent (Starry, Starry Night)" on an episode of The Simpsons. He was enrolled in a music technology course but, by the age of 16, he had dropped out and was writing and performing his own songs. Career 2011: Beginnings Bugg was selected to perform on the "BBC Introducing" stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival at age 16 after submitting material to their website, and subsequently signed to Mercury Records. His songs were then placed on various BBC Radio playlists, with "Country Song" being used in a national TV beer commercial for Greene King IPA. 2012: Jake Bugg Bugg's self-titled debut album was released on 15 October 2012. Talking about Bugg and his debut, Clash hailed the "precocious talent fusing retro folk with blistering contemporary rock riffs". On 21 October 2012 the song "Two Fingers" charted at 28 in the UK while the album reached number one in the UK charts. The album has sold 604,100 copies in the United Kingdom and is the 57th best selling album of the 2010s decade. Bugg's touring band drummer Jack Atherton and bassist Tom "Robbo" Robertson performed on five songs on the album. On 22 May 2012, Bugg appeared on the BBC music programme Later... with Jools Holland. In July, he kept a long term promise and performed on legendary radio show "Notts Live", hosted by Bainy and Andy Haynes. In August 2012 Bugg was a supporting act for Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds at Belsonic Music Festival, Belfast. On 1 October 2012, he performed live on the BBC Radio 6 Music programme Live at Maida Vale. In 2014, "Simple As This" was featured in the movie The Fault in Our Stars 2013: Shangri La Bugg had been in Malibu working with Rick Rubin and Iain Archer, and had had some interactions with Chad Smith from the Red Hot Chili Peppers, working on the drums to some of his songs, including the single "Broken". On 8 September 2013, Bugg tweeted, "2nd album done! Hope you're all well!" On 23 September 2013, Bugg announced his new album, Shangri La, along with a new single, "What Doesn't Kill You". Shangri La was released on 18 November 2013. This album is named after the studio Bugg recorded it in. Shangri La includes Elvis Costello's drummer Pete Thomas, and Chad Smith of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. The album has generally received positive reviews from the music community. Bugg was one of five nominees for the 2013 Brit Award for "British Breakthrough Act", which was voted on by BBC Radio 1 listeners. The award was won by Ben Howard. On 28 June, Bugg performed an afternoon set on the Pyramid Stage at the 2013 Glastonbury Festival, making him the first artist that has moved from the BBC Introducing Stage to the Main Pyramid stage in successive years. On 12 July, Bugg played the Radio 1 Stage at T in the Park. On 13 July he supported The Rolling Stones at Hyde Park in London. On 20 July, Bugg headlined at the Splendour festival in Nottingham. On 2 August, Bugg performed at the Osheaga Festival in the Parc Jean-Drapeau, Montreal, Quebec. On 23–25 August, Bugg performed at the Reading and Leeds Festival on the Radio 1/NME stage. On 13 October, Bugg performed at the Fonda Theatre in Hollywood, California. The song "Me and You" was featured in the credits of the movie Dumb and Dumber To. That same month, he was also at the River Stage at Ottawa Bluesfest and performed at Paléo Festival near the Lake Geneva in Switzerland. His music was also featured in the movie The Fault in Our Stars. On 5 October 2014, at Cardiff, he played for the first time two new songs: "Down the Avenue" and "Hold on You". A new song, "Feel What's Good", was in the soundtrack of The Giver. 2016: On My One Speaking with NME in early 2015, Bugg said that he was working on his third album, of which "the content of the songs was much darker" than earlier work. On the 16 February 2016 he released free of charge a new song: "On My One". On 25 February his new single "Gimme the Love" debuted on BBC Radio 1. Bugg also talked about the forthcoming album On My One, announcing its release for June. On 26 February he announced the album would be released on 17 June. He also shared the track list and revealed the artwork. In May 2016 a number of tour dates, in London and Nottingham, for June, were announced. His 2012 single "Trouble Town" was used as the theme for the BBC TV series Happy Valley broadcast in 2014 and 2016. 2017: Hearts That Strain On 2 August 2017, Jake Bugg's new single "How Soon the Dawn" was played on BBC Radio 1, hosted by Annie Mac. On 4 August Bugg released the single on all platforms with a music video. He later announced his fourth studio album titled Hearts That Strain. It was released on 1 September 2017. He will embark on an acoustic tour through November to support the new album. Jake Bugg would also release a piano-laden song with Noah Cyrus called "Waiting". In December 2018 Bugg signed to Sony's RCA label in a bid to relaunch his career. 2021: Saturday Night, Sunday Morning On 26 October 2020 issued the single "All I Need". The song followed "Rabbit Hole" and "Saviours Of The City", the latter of which was the Nottingham singer-songwriter's first new music of 2020 when it was shared in April. He accompanied the release with a short film. On 19 March 2021, it was announced that Bugg would release his fifth album, Saturday Night, Sunday Morning in August 2021, featuring previously released singles "All I Need" and "Kiss Like the Sun". The album, his first effort under the Sony RCA label, is expected to be accompanied by a UK tour in Spring 2022. Personal life and sponsorship In April 2013, Bugg was reported to be in a relationship with English model, actress, and singer Cara Delevingne. In 2017, it was reported that Bugg was in a relationship with model Roxy Horner. The couple parted two years later.[citation needed] In June 2017, Bugg was confirmed as the shirt sponsor of his favourite and local football team, Notts County, taking the November slot in a season-long rotation. In September 2020 the club announced that Bugg would sponsor their away shirt during the 2020–2021 season. Discography Studio albums Television appearances Awards and nominations

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ALECO (also known as ALECO AC & Heating) is an American company. Overview ALECO is a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) company that is currently headquartered in Sarasota, Florida. The company specializes in the repair and installation of residential and commercial HVAC equipment, including air conditioners, heaters, and ventilation systems. In 2019, ALECO started a new branch in Sarasota, Florida. History The company was initially started as POLEX International in 1981 and then merged with ALECO. In 2021, the company's former president, Paul Prandecki, stepped down and now serves as the company's chairman. His son, Alexandre Prandecki, is now serving as the president of the company. Alexandre Prandecki is also currently taking extension courses from Harvard University.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Nationalist_Party"}

Political party in Switzerland The Swiss Nationalist Party (German: Partei National Orientierter Schweizer, lit. 'Party of Nationally Oriented Swiss', abbreviated to PNOS; French: Parti nationaliste suisse, abbreviated to PNS; Italian: Partito nazionalista svizzero) was a far-right Neo-Nazi völkisch political party in Switzerland founded in 2000. It was classified as "extremist" by the Swiss federal police in 2001. The party's course was initially imitating that of the 1930s National Front with a clearly National Socialist ideology [citation needed] (dubbed "eidgenössisch-sozialistisch" by the PNOS) but has since been "modernized" in accordance with the vocabulary of Germany's Neue Rechte.[citation needed] The party was not represented in any cantonal parliament. Its activities were mostly confined to the Swiss German-speaking parts of the western Swiss plateau. It had one representative in the municipal parliament of Langenthal, canton of Berne (population 14,300), elected in 2004. In 2005, another member was elected to the municipal executive council of Günsberg, canton of Solothurn (population 1,100). They participated in the federal elections of 2011 in the canton of Berne, gathering 0.3% of the popular vote (1,066 votes), less than a tenth of the votes required to win a seat in parliament. They also participated in Vaud, gathering a total of 132 votes (less than the 0.2% of the votes required to win a seat).

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%E2%80%9386_Montreal_Canadiens_season"}

NHL hockey team season (won 23rd Stanley Cup) The 1985–86 Montreal Canadiens season was the team's 77th season. The team won the Stanley Cup for the first time in seven seasons, and their 23rd overall. Offseason Regular season Final standings Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold. Schedule and results Player statistics Regular season Scoring Goaltending Playoffs Scoring Goaltending Note: Pos = Position; GPI = Games played in; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes; +/- = Plus/minus; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals Min, TOI = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T,T/OT = Ties; OTL = Overtime losses; GA = Goals-against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts; SA = Shots against; SV = Shots saved; SV% = Save percentage; Playoffs Stanley Cup Calgary Flames vs. Montreal Canadiens Montreal wins the series 4–1. Awards and records Transactions 1986 Montreal Canadiens Stanley Cup Champions Bob Gainey, Doug Soetaert, Patrick Roy, Rick Green, David Maley, Ryan Walter, Serge Boisvert, Mario Tremblay, Bobby Smith, Craig Ludwig, Tom Kurvers, Kjell Dahlin, Larry Robinson, Guy Carbonneau, Chris Chelios, Petr Svoboda, Mats Naslund, Lucien DeBlois, Steve Rooney, Gaston Gingras, Mike Lalor, Chris Nilan, John Kordic, Claude Lemieux, Mike McPhee, Brian Skrudland, Stephane Richer, Serge Savard (general manager), Jean Perron (coach), Jacques Laperriere (assistant coach), Eddy Palchak (trainer). Draft picks Montreal's draft picks at the 1985 NHL Entry Draft held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto, Ontario. Farm teams

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briarcliff_College"}

Former college in Briarcliff Manor, New York Briarcliff College was a women's college in Briarcliff Manor, New York. The school was founded as Mrs. Dow's School for Girls in 1903 at the Briarcliff Lodge. After Walter W. Law donated land and a building for the college, it operated at its location at 235 Elm Road in Briarcliff until 1977; closing due to low enrollment and financial problems. Pace University subsequently operated it as part of its Pleasantville campus from 1977 to 2015. In an effort to consolidate its campuses, Pace University sold the campus in 2017 to the Research Center on Natural Conservation, a host of conferences relating to global warming and conservation. The campus was again sold in 2021, to a Viznitz Yeshiva congregation. History Dow Hall c. 1908 Mrs. Dow's School for Girls was founded in 1903 at the Briarcliff Lodge; two years later, Walter W. Law gave Mary Elizabeth Dow 35 acres (14 ha) and built the Châteauesque Dow Hall (Harold Van Buren Magonigle was its architect). Dow retired in 1919 and Edith Cooper Hartmann began running the school with a two-year postgraduate course; the school became a junior college in 1933. Briarcliff remained a junior college until 1957, shortly before the presidency of Charles E. Adkins and when it began awarding four-year bachelor's degrees. The school library, which had 5,500 volumes in 1942, expanded to about 20,000 in 1960. By the time of its closing, it had about 300 students. The school prospered from 1942 to 1961 under President Clara Tead, who had a number of accomplished trustees, including Carl Carmer, Norman Cousins, Barrett Clark, Thomas K. Finletter, William Zorach, and Lyman Bryson. Tead's husband Ordway Tead served as chairman of the board of trustees. The school gradually improved its academic scope and standing, and was registered with the State Education Department and accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools in 1944. In 1951, the Board of Regents authorized the college to grant Associate of Arts and Associate of Applied Science degrees. The following year, the Army Map Service selected the college as the only one in the country for professional training in cartography. In 1944, Shelton House, a building across Elm Road, was purchased as a dormitory, and a classroom and office wing was dedicated in 1951. In 1955, after Howard Deering Johnson joined the board of trustees, the dormitory Howard Johnson Hall was built. From 1963, Briarcliff College rapidly expanded, constructing two dormitories, the fine arts and humanities building, the Woodward Science Building, and a 600-seat dining hall. In 1964, the college began offering the Bachelor of Arts and of Sciences degrees. The Center for Hudson Valley Archaeology was opened in 1964. Enrollment at the college jumped from around 300 to over 500 from 1960 to 1964; by 1967, enrollment was at 623, with 240 freshmen. During the Vietnam War, students protested US involvement, and Adkins and trustees resigned; James E. Stewart became president. In 1969, twelve students, led by student president Edie Cullen, stole the college mimeograph machines and gave nine demands to the college. The next day, around 50 students participated in a 48-hour sit-in at Dow Hall. Josiah Bunting III became president in 1973 and Pace University and New York Medical College of Valhalla began leasing campus buildings. The college had 350 students in 1977, and students enjoyed half-empty dormitory buildings. With the growing popularity of coeducation in the 1970s, Briarcliff found itself struggling to survive. President Josiah Bunting III leaving for Hampden-Sydney College in spring 1977 contributed to the problems the college was having. Rather than continue to struggle, the college's trustees voted to sell the campus to Pace University, a New York City-based institution. Instead of merging Briarcliff with Pace, the trustees attempted to reach a collaboration agreement with Bennett College, a junior women's college in nearby Millbrook which was also struggling with low enrollment. The plan did not work, however, and Briarcliff College was sold to Pace in April 1977 for $5.2 million ($23.3 million in 2021) after both Briarcliff and Bennett entered bankruptcy. Entrance hall, dining room, and library c. 1908 In 1988, the Hastings Center moved to Tead Hall, the school's library; the organization later moved to the town of Garrison. The original Mrs. Dow's School building remains as the co-ed residence hall Dow Hall at Pace University. Residents of Briarcliff Manor were initially pleased to have another educational institution at the site, although Pace illegally turned its 188-spot parking lot into an 800-spot one, and allowed an extensive number of cars to be parked on the neighboring streets. The village government and school eventually reached a compromise. Pace operated the site as part of its Pleasantville campus, centered on Choate House. The site currently has nine buildings with a combined 330,308 square feet (30,686.6 m2), with sizes from 13,041 to 111,915 square feet. The buildings were used for offices, student housing, dining, recreation and education. The campus' 37 acres (0.1 km2) also includes tennis courts and ball fields. The Pleasantville site is about 3 miles (4.8 km) away from the Briarcliff College site. In an effort to consolidate Pace University's Westchester County campuses into a single location, Pace University put the site up for sale in 2015. In October 2016, the Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough Historical Society hosted an event at Dow Hall to raise awareness of the building and its history, in order to encourage its preservation. Toward the end of its ownership by Pace University, the site was used as a filming location. Its cafeteria, known as the Briarcliff Dining Center, was used for the 2012 film Inside Llewyn Davis and for the 2016 first-season finale of the show The OA. In January 2017, Pace sold the property for $17.35 million to the Research Center on Natural Conservation, a nonprofit organization that hosts conferences relating to global warming and conservation. The China-based nonprofit also owns the nearby Arden estate and the New York Military Academy. In February 2021, a Viznitz Yeshiva congregation purchased the property for $11.75 million. The congregation, Dkhal Torath Chaim Inc., had problems with code violations when establishing a school in nearby Nyack, New York, though the Briarcliff College site has no code violations. The buildings there fell into disrepair, though were brought back up to code as a government condition of the sale. Classes Kitchen and laboratory c. 1910 Around 1917 at Mrs. Dow's School, an art assistant taught classes in drawing, painting, and modeling. In addition to their daily tasks, the students prepared monthly compositions which would be critiqued by the school's art director Frank DuMond through a lecture. Art history classes included that of Italian Renaissance painting and sculpture, Western European painting, and the history of Greek sculpture, architecture, and interior decoration. Mrs. Dow's also held lessons in ear training, elementary harmony, guitar, mandolin, piano, singing, and violin. The school also held occasional informal recitals, and allowed students to attend operas and concerts in New York City. Concerts and lectures were held at the school by notable artists, including Daniel Gregory Mason, Guiomar Novaes, Leonard Borwick, Percy Grainger, Efrem Zimbalist, Emilio de Gogorza, the Flonzaley Quartet, and the Kneisel Quartet. Science classes at Mrs. Dow's around 1917 included Physiology, Botany, Chemistry, General Science, and Domestic Science. The latter class involved different curricula each term: dietaries, cookery, household administration and care, food chemistry, and (advanced) cookery. Mrs. Dow's held psychology, history of philosophy, political economy, social science, and ethics and logic classes. Mathematics classes around that time included Algebra, Plane Geometry, Solid Geometry, Trigonometry, and Arithmetic and Accounts. Other classes included Dramatic Expression, Bible (required every Sunday), and Poetry (required every Monday). Activities and clubs Sports In 1917, Mrs. Dow's required a physical examination for each student, including a doctor's certificate ensuring their heart and lung health. The school limited its student assignments to allow two hours of outdoor exercise daily. Sports included basketball, field hockey, soccer, and tennis. Lawn Tea Briarcliff College operated numerous clubs, including one honorary organization, called Lawn Tea. The organization planned social events for the college, and served as the official hostesses for visiting guests. It was the oldest club there. Members were chosen for their "social charm, capabilities, and poise". Notable people Presidents Students Teachers

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigg_Boss_Non-Stop"}

Indian Telugu-language digital reality series Indian TV series or program Bigg Boss Non-Stop is a spin-off Indian Telugu-language reality digital series of the show Bigg Boss, that airs exclusively on Disney Star's streaming service platform Disney+ Hotstar with host Nagarjuna. The first season of the show is scheduled to premiere on 26 February 2022. On 24 December 2021, In an official press interaction with media, the makers announced Bigg Boss Telugu OTT will be set to be streamed soon and also said the digital version of the show is going to be different from its television counterpart. On 9 February 2022, Disney+ Hotstar revealed the show's title along with a new logo. Concept As in the televised series, the group of contestants—referred to as Housemates—are enclosed in the Bigg Boss Non-Stop House under constant surveillance of cameras and microphones. Unlike the main edition, this spin-off will be airing 24/7 live streaming and a one-hour main coverage episode will be daily telecast on Disney+ Hotstar.[citation needed] Development The spin-off edition was officially announced by the host Nagarjuna in the grand finale of Bigg Boss Telugu 5 that the next season will start in a couple of months. Further details about its launch, format, and contestants are expected to be revealed soon. Broadcasts There was no television coverage for this edition; instead, it would be completely streamed online at Disney+ Hotstar for 24*7 coverage.[citation needed] House The location for the house is still set to remain at Annapurna Studios like how it did for the original series. However minor changes and renovation is done to the house for this edition. Series overview Housemate pattern Bigg Boss Non-Stop Buzzz Bigg Boss Non-Stop Buzzz is an Indian Telugu-Indian language Reality Talk show with evicted housemates of reality television series Bigg Boss Non-Stop show. The show features the evicted housemates interviews with a previous season's contestant as a host and it will be aired on Disney+ Hotstar.

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