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One human poll comprised the 1943 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason—the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll. The Coaches' Poll began operation in 1950; in addition, the AP Poll did not begin conducting preseason polls until that same year. Legend AP Poll The final AP Poll was released on November 29, at the end of the 1943 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acleris_monagma"}

Species of moth Acleris monagma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Nepal. Adults are variable in colour, with forewings ranging from brownish to ferruginous brown, monochrome or with rudimentary dark brown markings. The ground colour may also be yellowish, brownish yellow or cream with a ferruginous admixture. If present, the reticulation is brown. The markings are brown or blackish and are variably developed. The hindwings are cream or whitish, but greyer at the apex.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn_Medal"}

Award The Otto Hahn Medal (German: Otto-Hahn-Medaille) is awarded by the Max Planck Society to young scientists and researchers in both the natural and social sciences. The award takes its name from the German chemist and Nobel Prize laureate Otto Hahn, who served as the first president of the Max Planck Society from 1948 to 1960. The medal is awarded annually to a maximum of thirty junior scientists in recognition of outstanding scientific achievement. Up to ten awardees are selected in each of three thematized sections: 1) Biological-Medical, 2) Chemical-Physical-Engineering, and 3) Social Science-Humanities. It is accompanied by a monetary award of €7,500. Medalists are awarded during a ceremony at the General Meeting of the Max Planck Society, taking place annually in alternating locales in Germany. Notable awardees

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Nicholas Sturgeon (ca. 1380s – between 31 May and 8 June 1454) was a Canon of Windsor from 1442 to 1454, a composer and a compiler of the Old Hall Manuscript. Career Sturgeon was educated at Winchester College, where he was elected a scholar in 1399, and New College, Oxford. He accompanied King Henry V as chaplain whilst on campaign in France in 1415. He held several canonries, and served as a member of the Royal House Chapel. He was appointed: He was appointed to the eighth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1442 and held the canonry until 1454.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0znik"}

Place in Marmara, Turkey İznik is a town and an administrative district in the province of Bursa, Turkey. The town is at the site of the ancient Greek city of Nicaea, from which the modern name derives. The town lies in a fertile basin at the eastern end of Lake İznik, with ranges of hills to the north and south. As the crow flies, the town is only 90 kilometres (56 miles) southeast of Istanbul but by road it is 200 km (124 miles) around the Gulf of İzmit. It is 80 km (50 miles) by road from Bursa. İznik has a population of about 15,000. It has been a district centre of the province of Bursa since 1930 but belonged to the district of Kocaeli between 1923 and 1927. It was a township of Yenişehir (connected to Bilecik before 1926) district between 1927 and 1930. Ancient Nicaea was ringed with walls that still survive to this day despite having been pierced in many places for roads. Inside the walls stands the Ayasofya Mosque where the First Council of Nicaea was held in A.D. 325. Etymology İznik derives from the Ancient Greek name of the city, Νίκαια Nikaia (Latinized as Nicaea), prefixed with εἰς eis, meaning 'to' or 'into'. The Ottoman Turkish spelling is ازنيق. History In 1331, Orhan captured the city from the Byzantines and for a short period the town became the capital of the expanding Ottoman Emirate. The large church of Hagia Sophia in the centre of the town was converted into the Orhan Mosque and a medrese (theological school) and hamam (bathhouse) were built nearby. In 1334 Orhan built another mosque and an imaret (soup kitchen) just outside the Yenisehir gate (Yenişeh Kapısı) on the south side of the town. The Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta stayed in Iznik at the end of 1331 soon after the capture of the town by Orhan. According to Ibn Battuta, the town was in ruins and only inhabited by a small number of people in the service of the sultan. Within the city walls were gardens and cultivated plots with each house surrounded by an orchard. The town produced fruit, walnuts, chestnuts and large sweet grapes. A census in 1520 recorded 379 Muslim and 23 Christian households while another one taken a century later in 1624 recorded 351 Muslim and 10 Christian households. Assuming five members for each household, these figures suggest that the population was around 2,000. Estimates made in the 18th and 19th centuries arrived at similar numbers. The town was poor and the population small even when ceramic production was at its peak during the second half of the 16th century. The Byzantine city is estimated to have had a population of 20,000–30,000 but in the Ottoman period the town was never prosperous and occupied only a small fraction of the walled area. It was, however, a centre for the production of highly decorated fritware vessels and what are known as İznik tiles during the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1677 the English clergyman John Covel visited Iznik and found only a third of the town occupied. In 1745 the English traveller Richard Pococke reported that Iznik was no more than a village. A succession of visitors described the town in unflattering terms. For example in 1779, the Italian archaeologist Domenico Sestini wrote that Iznik was nothing but an abandoned town with no life, no noise and no movement. In 1797 James Dallaway described Iznik as "a wretched village of long lanes and mud walls...". The town was seriously damaged by the Greek Army in 1921 during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922); the population became refugees and many historical buildings and mosques were damaged or destroyed. Panoramic view of İznik (ancient Nicaea) with Lake İznik in the background. Pottery and tiles Iznik's main period of importance came in the 16th century with the development a pottery and tile making industry. Iznik ceramic tiles (Turkish: İznik Çini.) were used to decorate many of the mosques designed by Mimar Sinan in Istanbul. However, the ceramics industry declined in the 17th century and İznik was reduced to a minor agricultural settlement when it was bypassed by the railway in the 19th century. Main sights A number of monuments were erected by the early Ottomans in the period between the conquest in 1331 and 1402 when the town was sacked by Timur. Among those that have survived are: Several monuments survived into the 20th century but were destroyed during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). These include: Sport The İznik Ultramarathon is a 130 km (81 mi) endurance running event that has taken place around Lake İznik every April since 2012. It is the country's longest single-stage athletics competition. International relations İznik is twinned with: Sources

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Deccio"}

American politician from Washington Alex A. Deccio (October 28, 1921 – October 25, 2011) was an American politician. Born in Walla Walla, Washington, Deccio served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He owned an insurance business in Yakima, Washington. Deccio served in the Washington House of Representatives 1975-1980 and then in the Washington State Senate. He also served as Yakima County, Washington commissioner. Awards Personal life On February 22, 1946, Deccio married Lucille Pauline Dexter (1922-2017). They have eight children. Deccio and his family live in Yakima, Washington. On October 25, 2011, Deccio died in Yakima, Washington. He was 89 years old.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewanee_Township,_Henry_County,_Illinois"}

Township in Illinois, United States Kewanee Township is one of twenty-four townships in Henry County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 10,162 and it contained 4,608 housing units. Geography According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.18 square miles (93.7 km2), of which 36.16 square miles (93.7 km2) (or 99.94%) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.052 km2) (or 0.06%) is water. Cities, towns, villages Adjacent townships Cemeteries The township contains these eight cemeteries: Garden of Peace, Mount Olivet, Old Kewanee Public, Orthodox, Pace, Pleasant View, Saint Michael and South Pleasant View. Major highways Airports and landing strips Landmarks Demographics School districts Political districts

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karni_border_crossing_attack"}

The Karni border crossing attack was a suicide bombing on January 13, 2005, at the pedestrian/cargo terminal Karni Crossing located on the Israeli Gaza Strip barrier. Six Israeli civilians were killed in the attack and five Israelis were injured in the attack. Hamas, the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and the Popular Resistance Committees claimed joint responsibility for the attack. The attack On Thursday, January 13, 2005, at around 22:45 pm, a squad of three Palestinians militants armed with AK-47s and hand grenades, parked a truck loaded with a 200-pound explosive device, on the Palestinian side of the fence near an iron door that separates the Israeli and Palestinian sides at the Karni Crossing checkpoint. At 22:45 pm the squad detonated the explosives which created a hole through the iron door. Immediately afterwards the militants penetrated into the Israeli side of the Karni crossing through the hole in the iron door. The militant squad threw grenades and fired their assault weapons at the Israeli civilians on the site. During the attack the Palestinian militant squad managed to kill 6 Israeli civilians (truck drivers and workers of the Port Authority) and in addition managed to injure five Israeli civilians. The following exchange of fire between the Israeli soldiers stationed at the site and the Palestinian militants resulted in the killing of all three attackers. The perpetrators Three Palestinian militant groups claimed joint responsibility for the attack, including Hamas, the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and the Popular Resistance Committees. After the attack, Abu Abir, a spokesman for the Popular Resistance Committees, stated to the press, "the attack is a continuation of the resistance." Official reactions Involved parties Israel: Israeli officials stated, "The prime minister has ordered suspension of all contacts with Palestinian Authority representatives and the closure of all Gaza terminals until real steps are taken against terrorist acts." Palestinian National Authority: Newly elected President of the Palestinian National Authority Mahmoud Abbas condemned the attack.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passion_Master"}

The Passion Master (Swedish: Passionsmästaren) is the name used to refer to an anonymous fresco painter and his workshop, active on Gotland during the 15th century. Works in about fifty churches have been attributed to the artist. The style of the Master of the Passion of Christ has been described as schematic and even primitive. Works identified as being by the artist can be found among others in Anga, Etelhem, Gammelgarn and Hörsne churches.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalophyllum_compressum"}

Species of succulent Cephalophyllum compressum is a species of plant in the family Aizoaceae. It is endemic to Namibia. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_relations"}

Bilateral relations Lebanon–Syria relations were officially established in October 2008 when Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad issued a decree to establish diplomatic relations with Lebanon for the first time since both countries gained independence from France in 1943 (Lebanon) and 1946 (Syria). Lebanon had traditionally been seen by Syria as part of Greater Syria: under the Ottoman Empire, Lebanon and Syria were included within one administrative entity. Following World War I, the League of Nations Mandate partitioned Ottoman Greater Syria under French control, eventually leading to the creation of nation-states Lebanon and Syria. Relations between the two countries had been strained, especially with the 29-year Syrian occupation of Lebanon, accusations of Syrian intervention within Lebanese politics before and after withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon, and suspicions of Syria assassinating Lebanese political figures like former prime minister Rafic Hariri. Syria officially recognized Lebanon's sovereignty in 2008. History Greater Syria under Ottoman rule Ottoman Syria, as termed within the Ottoman Empire, was composed of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan. In the 1830s, Europeans could trade with Greater Syria through the thriving port city of Beirut. Under the Ottoman Empire, Mount Lebanon (the region of the Lebanon mountain range) enjoyed political autonomy from the center because of its geographic isolation. Whereas Mount Lebanon enjoyed this independence from the Ottoman ruling center, Syrian cities maintained a closer political relationship to Istanbul. However, Ottoman officials still had to rely on local elites for policy implementation. Certain religious minorities within the Ottoman Empire, including the Druze and Maronite Christians, moved into Mount Lebanon because of its isolation. These sects shared political power, and Ibrahim Ali pushed for abolishment of special taxes on Jews and Christians. He also aimed to disarm locals but Druze populations refused; Ibrahim armed Christian troops to fight against these groups. When Ibrahim later tried to disarm these Christian groups, they pushed for the evacuation of Egyptian forces from Greater Syria. However, tensions between the two sects remained especially with Ottoman decrees of 1839 and 1856 ensuring equality for all religious groups. Druze and Sunnis saw Maronites and other Christians as “overstepping the bounds of what was permitted to minority subjects in a Muslim State”. Since the 1840s, violence between Druze and Maronites extended across Lebanese and Syrian regions. In 1860, Druze populations attacked Christian villages and violence escalated into Damascus “where several thousand Christians were massacred and European consulates were burned”. While Ottoman officials sent military to stabilize Damascus, and Fuad Pasha stated that the instigators of the massacres would be punished, European representatives met in 1861 in Damascus to design a government of Mount Lebanon that would protect Christian minority groups. Europeans agreed on a system (“mutasarrifiyyah”) where a Christian Ottoman subject from outside Lebanon would rule over Mount Lebanon. This led to further isolation of the Mount Lebanon region from Greater Syria and wider Ottoman rule. Peace remained until 1914 when the mutasarrifiyyah was disbanded; during that time of peace though, sectarian tensions remained because the mutasarrifiyyah served as a reminder of the religious divisions. These religious tensions served as a precursor to the greater involvement of European powers within Greater Syria politics that would eventually lead to the division of the area into French Mandates of Syria and Lebanon. Separation into nation-states During World War I, Entente leaders drafted agreements over how Ottoman lands would be divided following the end of the war. The Sykes–Picot Agreement between France and the United Kingdom guaranteed French control over the Syrian coast and indirect control within inner Syria. In 1920, following the end of World War I, the Treaty of Sèvres placed Greater Syria under the control of France as a French territorial mandate. France identified itself as a protector of Christians (in particular Maronites) throughout the region. To protect its power, France aimed to encourage “existing religious, ethnic, and regional differences within Syria”. Political unity would threaten France's military and political establishment within Greater Syria. These divisions included the 1920 creation of Greater Lebanon as a mandate separate from Syria. France ensured that the largest religious group within newly created Lebanon was the Maronite Christians. The remainder of Syria (while titled as a unified Syrian state) was further divided into 5 separate political entities (State of Damascus, State of Aleppo, Alawite State, Jabal al-Druze and Sanjak of Alexandretta) to prevent Syrian nationalist movements. While Maronites hoped to create a Christian state with French-influenced culture, Sunni Muslims within the newly formed mandate wanted to re-bind Lebanon with Syria into Greater Syria. Following the end of the Great Syrian Revolt, France agreed to hold elections within both countries. Even though the Revolt happened in Syria, it impacted constitutions in both Lebanon and Syria. France refused to change the borders of Lebanon even though several Sunni Muslim leaders still hoped for reunification with Syria. Because Sunni Muslims supported nonsecterianism within Lebanese politics, their refusal to participate meant that it was easier for the French to set up a confessional system of politics. The use of confessional politics, which allowed Muslims to participate within the Lebanese government, reduced their desires to merge with Syria. However, Muslims still pushed for Lebanon's identity as an Arab nation whereas Christians identified with the Mediterranean. Voices criticizing the French borders still existed; Antun Sa'adah, founder of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and a Lebanese Christian, criticized France for dividing Greater Syria. However, he still wrote that Syria, with its distinct regional history, should remain separate. Writers like Sati' al-Husri believed that the only reason why Arab lands remained separate was because of foreign interference. Other writers including Nabih Amin Fares, George Antonius, and Michel ‘Aflaq contended that colonial powers divided Arab land because unity would pose a threat to colonialist rule. Syrian Arab nationalists at first saw the Lebanese government as unconstitutional and unrepresentative because of the confessional system; however, they suspended these viewpoints in hopes of gaining independence through collaborating with Lebanese nationalist movements. Because France ruled both the Syrian and Lebanese mandates, impacts on France's sovereignty in Europe reverberated within its territories. The 1940 occupation of France led to economic downfall and the suspension of the constitution in both Syria and Lebanon. Because the mandates were vulnerable to invasion, Britain pressured France to allow both countries to hold elections. At the same time, nationalist movements aimed to “create nations” within the geographical boundaries of newly formed states including Syria and Lebanon. In Lebanon, Christians grew to recognize Lebanon's regional Arab identity while Muslims recognized Lebanon’s sovereignty as country separate from Syria. At the same time, movements for pan-Arabism and Islamic solidarity still existed and gained traction within Lebanon, Syria, and the wider Middle East. Independence In 1943, Syria and Lebanon achieved tentative independence from France. In hopes of achieving full independence and the withdrawal of all foreign troops by 1946, nationalist movements made sure to align with each other under a vision of ousting France. This included Syrian nationalists and Lebanese Arab nationalists assuring other Lebanese nationalists that French withdrawal would not lead to subjugation of Lebanon by pan-Arab or pan-Islamist movements. Any differences were pushed towards the future; achieving independence was the primary objective. Syrian and Lebanese governments and elites aimed to pose a “united front against France” (160). Tensions surfaced though when attempting to divide state revenues that historically the French combined in the Common Interests department. Syrian and Lebanese representatives agreed to create the Higher Council of the Common Interests to oversee revenue distributions; the council would have been a joint Syro-Lebanese economic council. While Lebanese leadership emphasized that the agreement respected Lebanese and Syrian independent sovereignty, radical Lebanese nationalists and the Maronite Patriarch Mar Antoine Butrus ‘Arida opposed the council's formation, stating that it would violate the Lebanese constitution since it formed two legislatures. The HCCI was still formed quickly since Lebanese and Syrian leaders were concerned with transferring army and police from France to the two newly independent countries. The early years after Syrian and Lebanese independence constantly saw Lebanese leadership emphasizing its independence from Syria but reminding nationalists the necessity of working with Syrians in the transfer of power from France to Lebanon and Syria. For example, when Lebanese Minister Camille Chamoun claimed that Lebanon couldn't independently sign a treaty with Syria without the approval of other Arab nations because of the Alexandria Protocol, outraged radical Lebanese nationalists called for an explanation from the Lebanese government. The Lebanese government thus released a statement that emphasized its independence from Arab countries on treaty negotiations. Maronite Archbishop Ignatius Mubarak, in his speech on Mar Maroun Day, thanked the Lebanese government for releasing its statement on the Alexandria Protocol and against Sham’oun's claims. When French forces were bombing Syria, suspicions arose in the Syrian public that the Lebanese secretly approved of the military action and were even choosing to ally with France instead of Syria. The Lebanese foreign minister had to release a statement emphasizing their alliance with the Syrian people, and that the Lebanese government had to restrain citizens from protesting against France in order to maintain greater peace. Lebanon also publicized its aid to Syria including monetary donations, firefighting units, and medical supplies. During this time period, Syria and Lebanon also worked together in gaining international support for foreign troop withdrawal from both countries. The economic alliance between Syria and Lebanon against France ended with the division of the country's finances in 1948. However, since 1942, Syria indirectly refused to accept the separation since the two countries became independent of each other. Lebanese Civil War and the Syrian occupation of Lebanon According to historians William Cleveland and Martin Bunton, Beirut became an international banking center because of its “laissez-faire economic system”. Business owners from Cairo, Damascus, and Baghdad moved to Beirut for economic opportunities. Despite Lebanon's cultural liberalism and economic prosperity, sectarian tensions remained as citizens identified themselves through their sects. With Muslims calling for greater representation and with Cold War tensions, Lebanese leadership had to decide whether to ally with the West or with Egypt, Syria and its Arab history. Christians wanted to continue alliances with the West but Muslims were drawn to Nasser's pan-Arabism. Multiple factors including sectarian tensions and Palestinian refugee settlement in southern Lebanon contributed to the beginnings of the Lebanese Civil War. In 1976, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad sent troops into Lebanon to fight PLO forces that were gaining sufficient power inside Lebanon to threaten Syria's dominion. This led to escalated fighting until a cease-fire agreement later that year that allowed for the stationing of Syrian and other Arab troops within Lebanon under an Arab League mandate. These troops, known as the Arab Deterrent Force, were tasked with ending the conflict between the Lebanese and the Palestinians. However, since Syrian troops made the majority of the Arab Deterrent Force, Lebanese citizens felt that their country had lost its sovereignty. With Syria in control, all other Arab forces presence withdrew from the Arab Deterrent Force, and Syria's objectives in Lebanon became quickly evident as it quickly changed sides: soon after they entered Lebanon, Syrian troops turned their guns on the Christian nationalists after they had muzzled the PLO. The Kateab Party and the Lebanese Forces under Bachir Gemayel strongly resisted the Syrians in Lebanon. Following the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 (whose objective was to dislodge Yasser Arafat's PLO from its Lebanese strongholds) and the siege of Beirut that led to Arafat and the PLO evacuation to Tunis, newly elected President Bachir Gemayel was assassinated in a bomb explosion by the Syrian-affiliated member of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, Habib Shartouni. Bachir's brother Amine Gemayel was quickly sworn in as new President, and the peace plan (the May 1983 accord) Gemayel negotiated with the Israelis under the sponsorship of the United States (militarily present in Lebanon along with Great Britain, France and Italy as the Multi-National Force) was undermined and gutted by the Syrian regime and by Hezbollah that car-bombed the US Marines barracks and the French Paratrooper compound (October 23, 1983) among other acts of terrorism. During the Israeli invasion and occupation of Lebanon (1982-1985), Syria suspiciously never fought the Israeli troops; they merely watched the fighting between the Palestinians and the Israelis, consistent indeed with the fact that, from 1974 (when Henry Kissinger brokered a truce between Syria and Israel in the aftermath of the October 1973 war) to date, Syria never fought the Israeli occupation and annexation of its own Syrian Golan Heights, while encouraging the PLO first, then Hezbollah (after the PLO was evicted by Israel in 1982), to prosecute a decades-long war of attrition from Lebanon against Israel. Neither the PLO nor Hezbollah was ever allowed to try and liberate Syrian territory occupied by Israel from Syria itself. In 1989, 40,000 Syrian troops remained in central and eastern Lebanon under the supervision of the Syrian government. The Taif Accord, established in the same year, enacted a new constitution that redistributed power among the Christians, Sunnis and Shiites, but failed to call for the removal of Syrian troops which remained in the country until 2005. Although the Taef Accord required the dismantling on all militias, Syria's occupation troops allowed Hezbollah to remain armed and active against Israel in South Lebanon. When in 1988, Syria and the United States tried to force the Lebanese Parliament to elect a puppet President, the Parliament failed to elect a new President, and Amine Gemayel appointed Army Chief, General Michel Aoun, as acting Prime Minister who sought the withdrawal of Syrian forces from the country. Aoun led attacks against Syrian troops that resulted in heavy civilian casualties. While a Maronite Christian, Aoun fought the Christian militias who were running smuggling operations from the Lebanese seacoast. The fighting ended on October 13, 1990, when Syrian troops launched an “all-out attack” on Aoun's Lebanese Army forces and bases. For the first time in Lebanon's modern history, the Israeli air force did not intervene as it usually did when Syrian jet fighters bombed the Presidential palace to dislodge Aoun from it. Full withdrawal of Syrian troops though happened in 2005 after the assassination of Prime Minister Rafik Hariri by Hezbollah and huge demonstrations by the Lebanese people against the Syrians; Syrian President Bashar al-Assad had hoped to impose his power over Lebanon, Jordan, and the PLO. However, his involvement in the Lebanese Civil War carried a negative impact on his leadership; Syrian citizens questioned his decisions. According to Naomi Joy Winberger, “After years of intervention and subsequent occupation, Syria suffered reduced stature in each domain [international and regional political standing]”. 1991 Brotherhood Agreement 23 May 1991, President Hafez al-Assad of Syria and President Elias Hrawi of Lebanon signed a treaty in Damascus and announced that a new era of cooperation between the two neighboring countries had begun. Officially called the "Treaty of Brotherhood, Cooperation and Coordination", the agreement established a special relationship between them for the first time since they gained independence from France. The deal was said by anti-Syrian Lebanese politicians to be skewed in Syria's favour and implemented by a "Syrian-Lebanese Higher Council Council" that dealt with bilateral issues. 2005 Hariri assassination and aftermath The 2005 assassination of Rafic Hariri and 21 others led to suspicions that the Syrian government played a role with his death because of Hariri's opposition to Syrian intervention in Lebanese politics. As Prime Minister of Lebanon, Hariri pursued reconstruction of Lebanon following the aftermath of the Lebanese Civil War. In 1998 he resigned but returned in 2000, expanding the tourism industry. His reconstruction efforts gained international praise for rebuilding Beirut and the country. However, he also gained his critics for government corruption and increasing the country's debt. In 2004, his resignation was attributed to his protest of Syrian intervention in Lebanese politics. At any rate, in 2005, his assassination led to mass protests for Syrian withdrawal of troops from Lebanon. The Syrian government denied any involvement of Syrian leaders in Hariri's death but scheduled final withdrawal by April 30, 2005. In 2007, the United Nations Security Council formally established the Special Tribunal for Lebanon to investigate the deaths of Hariri and 21 others. At first, the tribunal incriminated several Syrian security officials. However, investigations later pointed to Hezbollah members. Like the Syrian government, Hezbollah denies any involvement in the deaths of Hariri and others. There are concerns that revealing the truth of who assassinated Hariri might lead to regional instability. Tensions between Lebanon and Syria were reflected even in pop culture; when Lebanese singer Fairuz sang in Syria's capital Damascus, several Lebanese politicians and citizens criticized her decision. Fairuz responded that Damascus was a cultural center that "will remain a role model of art, culture and authenticity for the coming generations". Establishment of diplomatic relations On 13 August 2008, at a meeting in Paris during the first Summit of the Union for the Mediterranean, Syrian President Bashar Assad and Lebanese President Michel Sleiman agreed to establish diplomatic relations between their countries at ambassadorial level. In December 2008, the Syrian Embassy was opened in Beirut. In March 2009, Lebanon opened its embassy in Damascus. On 19 December 2009, Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Al-Hariri visited Syria, and stayed in Damascus for 3 days of meetings with President Bashar Al-Assad. Effect of the Syrian Civil War (2011–present) During protests in Syria against the al-Assad government, clashes spilled into Tripoli, Lebanon in February 2012. Pro-Assad forces fought against opposition to the Assad presidency in the Bab al-Tabbaneh, Jabal Mohsen conflict, leading to the deaths of three people and more injuries. Tripoli has a majority Sunni Muslim population but also secular pro-Assad Alawites. One Sunni cleric alleged that the Syrian president sent forces into Tripoli to introduce unrest within the region. March 2012 discussions on the national level included concerns that toppling the al-Assad government would result in regional instability for Lebanon and Iraq. The influx of Syrian refugees has increased local tensions between sects in Lebanon. In November 2011, the Syrian army had installed landmines along the border to prevent people from fleeing into Lebanon. Syria demanded Lebanon to search for Free Syria Army members hiding along the border. As of 2021, it is estimated that the number of Syrian refugees in Lebanon is over 1.5 million. However, smuggling increased during the Syrian Civil War between the two sides of the borders, especially at the illegal border crossings, including arms, fuels, flour, subsidized goods, and foreign currencies. On 17 July 2021, President Bashar Al-Assad mentioned that $40 to $60 billion of Syrian funds were frozen in Lebanese banks during the 2019–2021 Lebanese protests.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annelise_L%C3%B6ffler"}

German photographer Annelise Löffler, also Anneliese (22 March 1914 – 21 July 2000) was a German photographer. Life and career Born in Münster, Löffler's childhood and youth were overshadowed by two tragic events: her mother died very early and in 1933 also quite unexpectedly her father, Klemens Löffler [de], the founding director of the Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln [de]. In the 1930s, Löffler first worked as a translator; in 1946, she was employed as a laboratory assistant and photographer at the "Bild- und Filmberichterstattung Walter H. Schmitt" in Cologne and made numerous stage recordings during this time. Later she documented the buildings of the Cologne Bauwens company for many years. In addition to factual and architectural photographs (for example, several series of undersides of prestressed concrete bridges) and a wealth of studies of everyday life, the main focus of her photographic work lies in the field of artistic stage dance. She regularly documented the annual International Summer Academy of Dance in Cologne. She photographed personalities of the dance world of the time including: Alvin Ailey, Sonia Arova, Gerhard Bohner [de], Trisha Brown, Christopher Bruce, Nina Corti, Anton Dolin, Louis Falco, Gus Giordano, Tatjana Gsovsky, Melissa Hayden, Rosella Hightower Kurt Jooss, Henning Kronstam, Pearl Lang, Hans van Manen, Matt Mattox, Samy Molcho, George Skibine, Marjorie Tallchief, Glen Tetley, Antony Tudor, José de Udaeta, and Yuriko. To this end, she also photographed the choreographic competitions in Cologne, where among others Reinhild Hoffmann, Susanne Linke, Krisztina Horvath, Marilén Breuker, Eiko and Koma and James Saunders presented their early(ste)n own choreographies to the public. Löffler photographed the performances of the Cologne Dance Forum, various guest performances of international companies in Cologne, furthermore on her travels local stage dance ensembles in London, The Hague, Nancy or Basel, the annual Essen Dance Award ceremonies, the conferences of the Deutsche Akademie des Tanzes [de] etc. and for many years the lessons and performances of the children's dance classes of the German children's dance teacher Gisela Peters-Rohse. Countless reprints in specialist books, dance magazines and ballet calendars attest to her work. Death and legacy Löffler died in Cologne in 2000 at the age of 86 and was buried in Cologne's Melaten Cemetery (Corridor 10 (T)). Her dance-related estate is in the Deutsches Tanzarchiv Köln.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Ji-woo"}

South Korean actress Kim Ji-woo (born Kim Jeong-eun on November 22, 1983) is a South Korean actress. Filmography Television series Film Variety show Musical Awards and nominations

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Directorate_for_National_Roads_and_Highways"}

The General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (Polish: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad, GDDKiA) is the central authority of national administration set up to manage the national roads and implementation of the state budget in Poland. The GDDKiA was established on 1 April 2002 by the Polish Ministry of Transportation. The directorate was formed by a consolidation of the: The head of administration of the GDDKiA is the Director-General of National Roads and Motorways. The GDDKiA consists of 16 provincial branches and also the Regional Country Roads offices, which manage roads in their territories. In addition the Directorate-General of the History of Roads resides in Szczucin, and is responsible for preserving any road monuments. The GDDKiA is the central government body responsible for national roads and also performs the duties of:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atagema_echinata"}

Species of gastropod Atagema echinata is a species of sea slug or dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Discodorididae. Distribution This species was described from the Hawaiian Islands. It has also been reported from the Mariana Islands.

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Species of bacterium Bowmanella pacifica is a bacterium from the genus of Bowmanella which has been isolated from sediments from the Pacific Ocean. Bowmanella pacifica degrades pyrene.

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American writer, artist Bryn Kelly (1980–2016) was an American writer, artist, performer, and community organizer. Kelly has shown work at New Museum and performed in conjunction with Visual AIDS and in Art in the Age of Aquarius at the Whitney Museum of American Art. She was a member of the Femme Collective, participated in Baltimore's 2012 Femme Conference, and was a cofounder of Theater Transgression, a transgender multimedia performance collective. Her writing and writing performances have appeared in Original Plumbing, Manic D Press, the National Queer Arts Festival, PrettyQueer.com, and EOAGH, A Journal of the Arts, amongst others. Early life and education Kelly was born in Ohio. She had deep affiliations with Appalachia and eventually she would go on to organize the online community and archiving project, Queer Appalachia. After a short stint in Michigan, Kelly moved to New York to pursue writing. She studied playwriting at Brooklyn College. Work Kelly wrote the short story, "Other Balms, Other Gileads," which was published in the Time Is Not a Line: Reflections on HIV/AIDS issue of the We Who Feel Differently journal, edited by Theodore Kerr. The text is cited as a seminal piece of transgender literature from the 21st century, alongside Nevada: A Novel by Imogen Binnie and short stories by Torrey Peters. In 2013, Kelly was a Lambda Literary Fellow in Nonfiction . Kelly cofounded the Theater Transgression, a transgender multimedia performance collective. She served as co-creator and cast member of the touring roadshow, The Fully Functional Cabaret. She also performed in Lisa Anne Auerbach's public program, Art in the Age of Aquarius, at the Whitney Museum of American Art. In 2015, she was named one of TheBody.com's 100 trans HIV/AIDS leaders. Kelly worked as a hairstylist. She began styling hair for movies, theater, and runway and print advertisements, specialized in pin-up styles of the '40s, '50s and '60s. Activist and historian Sarah Schulman, writer Morgan M. Page, author and comedian Kelli Dunham, Elizabeth Koke of Housing Works, and medical researcher and surgeon Gaines Blasdel were close friends and lovers. Publications Resources

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Feng is a multimedia streaming server compliant with IETF standards for real-time streaming of multimedia content over IP networks. Feng implements Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP, RFC 2326) and Real-time Transport Protocol / RTP Control Protocol (RTP/RTCP, RFC 3550). It supports the RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control (RFC 3551). Feng is part of the LScube project, supported by the Internet Media Group at the Politecnico di Torino. It is released under the LGPL v2.1.

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Seychellois footballer Ronny Hoareau (born 20 March 1983) is captain of Northern Dynamo FC in the Seychelles First Division. He is also a national representative, playing defence with the Seychelles national football team since 2004. His position is center back.

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The 1982 Hackney Borough Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Hackney London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council. Background Election result Ward results

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Semenza is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemosiderin_hyperpigmentation"}

Pigmentation due to deposits of hemosiderin Hemosiderin hyperpigmentation is pigmentation due to deposits of hemosiderin, and occurs in purpura, haemochromatosis, hemorrhagic diseases, and stasis dermatitis.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafar_Jabbarli_Monument"}

Jafar Jabbarli Monument (Azerbaijani: Cəfər Cabbarlının heykəli) is a monument to the prominent Azerbaijani poet and dramatist Jafar Jabbarli (1899–1934), located on Jafar Jabbarli Square in the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku, not far from the entrance to the 28 May metro station. The monument was made of pink granite by the sculptor Mir-Ali Mir-Gasimov. It was installed in 1982. The architect of the monument is Yusif Kadymov. Monument’s history The decision to raise a monument to the dramatist on the square in front of the Baku railway station was made in 1959. In the same year, a stone was set on the site of the future monument informing that a monument to Jafar Jabbarli would be placed there. A competition was announced for the best project which was won by Mir-Ali Mir-Gasimov. For the pedestals material Mir-Ali Mir-Gasimov together with his wife Gultekin khanym went to Ukraine, to the Novo-Danilovsky quarry. Despite the fact that the sculptor had already begun the work, the striving style for minimalism, widespread during those years of Khrushchevs rule, and the fight against "excesses" suspended this work for a long time. In the late ’70s, they recalled about the monument, but the case again got frozen. Soon the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev, intervened in the situation. He personally supervised the progress of the work, provided assistance and support to Mir-Gasimov, and back in 1979 he came to the sculptors workshop and got acquainted with the sketches of the works, Aliyev liked those. While working on the monument, Mir-Ali Mir-Gasimov was very worried and nervous, and when the work was almost finished, the sculptor had a massive heart attack right in the workshop. On Aliyev's instructions, the personal doctor of the first secretary took care of the artists health. Soon, the work, which Mir-Kasimov considered one of the most important in his life, was completed. The monument was opened on 23 March 1982 by Heydar Aliyev himself, delivering a speech at the ceremony. This monument is considered one of the most famous works of the sculptor. In the same year, in accordance with the decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR of 1 December 1982, Mir-Gasimov was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR. The total height of the monument is 5.5 m, and the mass of the granite from which it is made is 280 tons. In 2013, the monument underwent restoration, as a result of which the name and surname of Jafar Jabbarli, as well as the years of his birth and death, and the name and surname of the sculpture Mir-Ali Mir-Gasimov were engraved on the monument.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Media_Center"}

American nonprofit women's organization Women's Media Center (WMC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit women's organization in the United States founded in 2005 by writers and activists Jane Fonda, Robin Morgan, and Gloria Steinem. Led by President Julie Burton, WMC's work includes advocacy campaigns, giving out awards, media and leadership training, and the creation of original content. Women's representation in media The Women's Media Center "works to ensure women are powerfully and visibly represented in the media" and "to diversify the media in its content and sources, so that the stories and perspectives of women and girls are more accurately portrayed." The organization convenes panels, issues reports, organizes grassroots campaigns, and meets with media outlets to address issues of women's representation and general diversity. In response to the report from the American Psychological Association's Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls, the Women's Media Center partnered with over 10 other organizations to organize the Sexualization Protest: Action, Resistance, Knowledge, also known as the SPARK Summit. The SPARK Summit took place on October 22, 2010, at Hunter College in New York City. The Women's Media Center gives out a Social Media Award, which "recognizes individuals who have made outstanding contributions to advancing women’s and girls’ visibility and power in media". Jude Doyle received the first award in 2011. Media training and expert sources In 2008, WMC launched the Progressive Women's Voices media and leadership training program to connect qualified, authoritative women experts to editors, reporters, producers, and bookers. SheSource, WMC's online database of over 500 women experts, serves journalists looking for female sources, commentators, and guests. Sexism watchdog WMC acts as a watchdog for sexism in the media and develops campaigns to advocate for fair and balanced coverage. During the 2008 presidential election, WMC released a video "Sexism Sells but We're Not Buying It," along with a petition campaign to call attention to sexism against female candidates during the primaries. Another video, "Media Justice for Sotomayor," discusses racist and sexist media coverage during the 2009 confirmation hearings of Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor. On August 31, 2010, the WMC partnered with the Women's Campaign Forum Foundation and the Political Parity Initiative of the Hunt Alternatives Fund to launch Name it. Change it. (NICI), a ground-breaking national campaign that addresses sexism in the media targeted at female politicians and political candidates. NICI aims to ensure accountability through a coordinated rapid response network to dramatically decrease incidences[spelling?] of media misogyny. Health care reform and reproductive rights In reaction to the 2009 Stupak–Pitts Amendment and other proposed health care reform legislation limiting access and funding for abortions, WMC began actively advocating for women's reproductive rights. On December 10, 2009, WMC announced the launch of its Not Under The Bus campaign to "keep women's health care fair, safe, and accessible to all." With the campaign announcement, the organization declared its "first call to action is to stop the Stupak Amendment, the Hatch-Nelson Amendment, and others like them which are the most draconian restrictions on women since the 1977 Hyde Amendment that cut federal funding for abortions by Medicaid." 2010 campaign against CBS and Focus on the Family ad In January 2010, Women's Media Center and a coalition of more than 30 organizations "dedicated to reproductive rights, tolerance, and social justice", including the National Organization for Women and NARAL Pro-Choice America, sent a letter to CBS, NFL and its advertisers calling on them to pull an advertisement featuring football player Tim Tebow, sponsored by conservative Christian group Focus on the Family (FOTF), from Super Bowl XLIV. The resulting campaign garnered widespread national media attention. Previously, in 2010 CBS had rejected a humorous ad from a gay online dating service, ManCrunch, and in 2004 an ad promoting the United Church of Christ as gay-friendly, citing a policy against any controversy in Super Bowl ad. CBS then decided to end this policy and accept controversial ads, so that the anti-abortion ad would be aired, which the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) called a "homophobic double standard." In its letter to CBS, the WMC coalition denounced the actions of Focus on the Family and politics of CBS, based on their acceptance of their advertisement. The WMC campaign was criticized for freedom of speech concerns. A New York Times editorial called it censorship, and said that they should use this as an opportunity to promote their own movement. A Los Angeles Times editorial, despite their stance in favor of abortion rights, congratulated CBS for their decision. Bill O'Reilly of Fox News said Greene and her group were, "trying to muzzle them. That's not the American way." The coalition responded with an op-ed article in Huffington Post in which former WMC President Jehmu Greene wrote that they were not attempting to censor anything, and suggested that the situation would be different if the Ku Klux Klan were involved. During Super Bowl XLIV, CBS elected to air the two 30-second commercials, which included Tebow's personal story as part of an overall anti-abortion stance. Women Under Siege Women Under Siege is a project of the Women's Media Center. It has reported on the use of rape as a means of oppression in Syria. Women Under Siege has also reported extensively about the continued use of rape as a weapon of war in Myanmar (also known as Burma). Selected works

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John Ogilvy may refer to:

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Study of polynomial equations In algebra, the theory of equations is the study of algebraic equations (also called "polynomial equations"), which are equations defined by a polynomial. The main problem of the theory of equations was to know when an algebraic equation has an algebraic solution. This problem was completely solved in 1830 by Évariste Galois, by introducing what is now called Galois theory. Before Galois, there was no clear distinction between the "theory of equations" and "algebra". Since then algebra has been dramatically enlarged to include many new subareas, and the theory of algebraic equations receives much less attention. Thus, the term "theory of equations" is mainly used in the context of the history of mathematics, to avoid confusion between old and new meanings of "algebra". History Until the end of the 19th century, "theory of equations" was almost synonymous with "algebra". For a long time, the main problem was to find the solutions of a single non-linear polynomial equation in a single unknown. The fact that a complex solution always exists is the fundamental theorem of algebra, which was proved only at the beginning of the 19th century and does not have a purely algebraic proof. Nevertheless, the main concern of the algebraists was to solve in terms of radicals, that is to express the solutions by a formula which is built with the four operations of arithmetics and with nth roots. This was done up to degree four during the 16th century. Scipione del Ferro and Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia discovered solutions for cubic equations. Gerolamo Cardano published them in his 1545 book Ars Magna, together with a solution for the quartic equations, discovered by his student Lodovico Ferrari. In 1572 Rafael Bombelli published his L'Algebra in which he showed how to deal with the imaginary quantities that could appear in Cardano's formula for solving cubic equations. The case of higher degrees remained open until the 19th century, when Niels Henrik Abel proved that some fifth degree equations cannot be solved in radicals (the Abel–Ruffini theorem) and Évariste Galois introduced a theory (presently called Galois theory) to decide which equations are solvable by radicals. Further problems Other classical problems of the theory of equations are the following:

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Mykola Mykhailovych Kostyak (born December 1, 1954, Michurine [uk] village, Donetsk Oblast) is a Ukrainian politician. He was Chief of Local State Administration and Governor of Kherson Oblast. from June 18, 2010 until February 24, 2014, and was a member and head of the regional organization of the Party of Regions. Biography Kostyak was born in Michurine village, Telmanivskiy Area in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. In 1971 he graduated from the Crimea Agricultural Institute. In 1972 he worked as a member of the kolkhoz named after Telman in Telmanivskiy Area. From 1973-1976 he was in the service of the Armed Forces Of the USSR. From 1981 to 1983 he worked as a hydraulic engineer, later as the main hydraulic engineer and as the main agronomist of the “Hammer and Sickle” kolkhoz in Telmanivskiy Area. In the 2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election Kostyak unsuccessfully tried to win a seat in Ukraine's parliament for Party of Regions. From June 18, 2010 until February 24, 2014 Kostyak was Chief of Local State Administration and Governor of Kherson Oblast. He was awarded the Order of Merit III class, as well as a title of the Honoured Worker of Agriculture of Ukraine.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_de_La_Broue"}

Salomon de La Broue (c. 1530 – c. 1610) was a French écuyer [fr] or riding-master and Gascon gentleman. His treatise on riding, published as the Preceptes Principaux in 1593, was the first to have been written in French. Like Antoine de Pluvinel, he was a pupil of Gianbattista Pignatelli. De La Broue was écuyer to Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, the first Duke of Épernon, and écuyer ordinaire of the Grande Écurie du Roi [fr] in the reign of Henri IV. De La Broue, like Pluvinel, was one of the founders of the old French haute école. His methods centred on calmness in hand, freedom and lightness in order to obtain the best results from the horse; he rejected the use of force or constraint in training. Publications

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Venus_and_Roma"}

Largest temple in Ancient Rome, 121 AD The Temple of Venus and Roma (Latin: Templum Veneris et Romae) is thought to have been the largest temple in Ancient Rome. Located on the Velian Hill, between the eastern edge of the Forum Romanum and the Colosseum, in Rome, it was dedicated to the goddesses Venus Felix ("Venus the Bringer of Good Fortune") and Roma Aeterna ("Eternal Rome"). The building was the creation of the emperor Hadrian and construction began in 121. It was officially inaugurated by Hadrian in 135, and finished in 141 under Antoninus Pius. Damaged by fire in 307, it was restored with alterations by the emperor Maxentius. History The temple was erected on the remains of Emperor Nero's Domus Transitoria, and subsequent Domus Aurea, and first the Colossus of Nero was moved and placed near the amphitheatre, which shortly afterwards became known as the Colosseum. An elaborate domed rotunda from the Domus Transitoria is still intact beneath the temple, an extravagant architectural design which included marble-lined pools and paving in multicoloured opus sectile. Unimpressed by Hadrian's architectural design for the temple, his most brilliant architect, Apollodorus, made a scornful remark on the size of the seated statues within the cellae, saying that they would surely hurt their heads if they tried to stand up from their thrones. Apollodorus was banished and executed not long after this. According to the ancient historian Ammianus Marcellinus the temple was among the great buildings of Rome which astonished the Emperor Constantius II on his visit to the city in 357. The sanctuary was closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire.[citation needed] Further restoration was performed under Eugenius, a short-lived usurper (392–394) against Theodosius I, whose policy was the restoration of Pagan cults and temples. However, as with many of Rome's majestic ancient buildings the temple was later targeted for its rich materials. In 630 Pope Honorius I with the consent of the Emperor Heraclius, removed the gilt-bronze tiles from the roof of the temple for the adornment of St. Peter's. A severe earthquake at the beginning of the 9th century is believed to have destroyed the temple. Around 850 Pope Leo IV ordered the building of a new church, Santa Maria Nova, on the ruins of the temple. After a major rebuilding in 1612, this church was renamed Santa Francesca Romana, incorporating Roma's cella as the belltower. A somewhat fanciful veduta engraving by Giovanni Battista Mercati depicts the site in 1629. The vast quantity of marble that once adorned the temple has all but disappeared due to its use as a raw material for building projects from the Middle Ages onwards. The Italian archaeologist Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani makes reference to his discovery of a lime kiln in close proximity to the temple in his work The Destruction of Ancient Rome”. Architecture It was set on a platform measuring 145 metres (476 ft) x 100 metres (330 ft). The peripteral temple itself measured 110 metres (360 ft) x 53 metres (174 ft) and 31 metres (102 ft) high (counting the statues) and consisted of two main chambers (cellae), each housing a cult statue of a god—Venus, the goddess of love, and Roma, the goddess of Rome, both figures seated on a throne. The cellae were arranged symmetrically back-to-back. Roma's cella faced west, looking out over the Forum Romanum, and Venus' cella faced east, looking out over the Colosseum. A row of four columns (tetrastyle) lined the entrance to each cella, and the temple was bordered by colonnaded entrances ending in staircases that led down to the Colosseum. As an additional clever subtlety by Hadrian, Venus also represented love (Amor in Latin), and "AMOR" is "ROMA" spelled backwards. Thus, placing the two divinities of Venus and Rome back-to-back in a single temple created a further symmetry with the back-to-back symmetry of their names. Within Venus' cella was another altar where newly wed couples could make sacrifices. Directly adjacent to this altar stood gigantic silver statues of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina the Younger. The west and east sides of the temple (the short sides) had ten white marble columns (decastyle) while the south and north sides featured twenty columns. All of these columns measured 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) in width, making the temple very imposing. Most of the remains are incorporated in the church of S.Francesca Romana and due to the rebuilding by Maxentius. A coffered vaulted ceiling replaced the original wooden roof and the walls were doubled in thickness to take the increased load. The walls were inset with niches with small statues between small red porphyry columns standing above the floor on a plinth, all fronted by a colonnade in red porphyry. Today Since the papacy of John Paul II, the heights of the temple and its position opposite the main entrance to the Colosseum have been used to good effect as a public address platform. This may be seen in the photograph at right where a red canopy has been erected to shelter the Pope as well as an illuminated cross, on the occasion of the Good Friday ceremony. The Pope, either personally or through a representative, leads the faithful through meditations on the stations of the cross while a cross is carried from there to the Colosseum. The Temple has now been reopened to the public after an extensive restoration programme that lasted 26 years. Access to the temple is included in tickets for the Colosseum, the Forum and the Palatine Hill.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprotus"}

Genus of fungi Coprotus is a genus of dung-inhabiting "cup fungi"; it has been assigned to the family Thelebolaceae, though doubt has subsequently been thrown on that placement. Species

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Guilford School is a historic former schoolhouse, now housing commercial offices, on the east side of Downtown Cincinnati at 421 E 4th Street. The building is adjacent to Lytle Park is a contributing property to the Lytle Park Historic District. Guilford School was dedicated May 16, 1914, and named for Nathan Guilford (1786-1854), an early advocate for Ohio education. The building stands on the site of Fort Washington and later also the boardinghouse where Stephen Foster, then a steamboat worker, stayed from 1846 to 1850. It was designed by Frederick W. Garber. It is now owned by Western & Southern Life Insurance.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Bender"}

American politician and city planner in Minnesota Elizabeth Peterson "Lisa" Bender (born May 11, 1978) is an American politician, city planner, and a former member of the Minneapolis City Council from the 10th Ward. In 2018, she was unanimously elected president of the Minneapolis City Council. Early life and education Career Early career In 2001, she moved to New York City and worked as the Communications Director for the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, traveling across the world advocating for biking, walking, and non-motorized transportation. Bender worked for the City of San Francisco as a city planner before returning to Minnesota in 2009 where she worked for Hennepin County before moving to the Minnesota Department of Transportation to manage Minnesota's Safe Routes to School program. She co-founded the Minneapolis Bicycle Coalition, an advocacy organization working to make riding a bike safer in Minneapolis. In 2012, Bender decided to challenge incumbent Meg Tuthill for the DFL endorsement for a seat on the Minneapolis City Council representing the city's 10th Ward. After six ballots and five hours, she secured the party's endorsement over Tuthill and two other challengers. She defeated Tuthill in the general election on November 5, 2013 with 62.4% of the vote. Minneapolis City Council Bender was sworn into office on January 6, 2014. She was named chair of the city's Zoning and Planning Committee, one of only two first-term council members to chair a standing committee of the council. During her first term, Bender focused on creating a safe transportation system for pedestrians, expanding affordable housing choices, fighting for workers protections and higher wages, supporting community and environmental health, and restructuring the public safety apparatus. She authored the city's complete streets ordinance, protected bikeway update to the Bicycle Master Plan, accessory dwelling unit ordinance and landmark paid sick leave ordinance, establishing Minneapolis as the first city in the Midwest guaranteeing workers the ability to accrue up to 48 hours of sick and safe time each year. In 2015, she authored an ordinance eliminating or reducing the minimum parking requirement for new residential developments along high-frequency transit routes. The Obama Administration highlighted Bender's parking reform ordinance in its 2016 Housing Development Toolkit as a successful initiative to lessen housing costs, reduce pollution, traffic congestion, and improve economic development. In addition to serving as the chair of the Zoning and Planning Committee during her first term, Bender sat on the Committee of the Whole, the Elections and Rules Committee, the Health, Environment, and Community Engagement Committee, the Taxes Committee, the Transportation and Public Works Committee, and the Ways and Means Committee. She was named L'Etoile Magazine's MVP of the year in 2015. In 2016, she was named one of Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal's People to Watch. On April 22, 2017, Bender was endorsed by the DFL for a second term. Bender won her re-election campaign on November 7, 2017, making her the first incumbent in over 20 years to do so in the ward. Following the 2017 elections, Bender was unanimously elected by her colleagues as the new President of the Minneapolis City Council. Bender also sat as the vice-chair of the Transportation and Public Works Committee, the Elections and Rules Committee, and the Executive Committee, along with being a member of the Zoning and Planning Committee, the Budget Committee, the Housing Policy and Development Committee, the Committee of the Whole, and the Intergovernmental Relations Committee. After the city sent warnings to homeowners about a crackdown on shoveling enforcement, Bender accused the Star Tribune of sexism when their reporter found she was the only City Council member who had complaints against her (seven were recorded) and a fine ($149) for un-shoveled walks. The city had sent and paid a shoveler to clear her sidewalks. In June 2020, in response to the murder of George Floyd and subsequent protests, Bender and a veto proof majority of the City Council attended a community meeting at Powderhorn Park. At the meeting, Bender said, "Our commitment is to end our city's toxic relationship with the Minneapolis Police Department, to end policing as we know it, and to re-create systems of public safety that actually keep us safe." From that meeting, she started a process to dismantle and abolish the Minneapolis Police Department. The police abolition movement in Minneapolis, as with similar movements nationally, remains controversial. Steven Belton, the Black CEO and President of the Urban League Twin Cities, called the move irresponsible and accused council members of failing to consult with the Black community, particularly those on the North Side. Bender also received criticism for an on-air interview with CNN's Alisyn Camerota in which Bender called for "a future without police." Camerota then asked: "What if in the middle of night, my home is broken into? Who do I call?" Bender replied: "Yes, I mean, I hear that loud and clear from a lot of my neighbors. And I know – and myself, too, and I know that that comes from a place of privilege. Because for those of us for whom the system is working, I think we need to step back and imagine what it would feel like to already live in that reality where calling the police may mean more harm is done." Bender was one author of a proposed charter amendment that would have replaced the "complete control" over police policy granted to the Mayor by the charter with the same structure that allows for council oversight of other departments. The city's Charter Commission, a county-appointed board, voted to delay 90 days to propose alternatives, effectively delaying the ballot measure until the 2021 city-wide election. Despite her efforts, the proposed charter amendment did not get voted in during the 2021 Minneapolis City Council election, and her attempts to disband the Minneapolis Police Department failed. Bender announced she would not seek reelection to the city council in 2021, and was replaced by Aisha Chughtai. Personal life Bender is a year-round bicycle commuter. In 2010, Bender was diagnosed with stage II breast cancer 11 weeks into her first pregnancy. She has since recovered. Three weeks before election day, Bender gave birth to her second daughter in October 2013. In the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Bender was the only elected official in Minneapolis to endorse the Bernie Sanders campaign. She served as the campaign's surrogate before the local media on caucus night when Sanders won Minnesota and was elected to be a delegate at the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia. Bender later supported Hillary Clinton in the 2016 general election and Elizabeth Warren in the 2020 Democratic presidential primary. Electoral history

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Jakob_R%C3%BCttimann"}

Johann Jakob Rüttimann (17 March 1813 – 10 January 1876) was a Swiss politician, President of the Swiss Council of States (1850/1851 and 1865/1866) and President of the Federal Supreme Court (1854).

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Comoros"}

Overview of the diplomatic relations of Comoros In November 1975, Comoros became the 143rd member of the United Nations. The new nation was defined as consisting of the entire archipelago, despite the fact that France maintains control over Mayotte. Overview Comoros also is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, the European Development Fund, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Indian Ocean Commission, and the African Development Bank. The government fostered close relationships with the more conservative (and oil-rich) Arab states, such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. It frequently received aid from those countries and the regional financial institutions they influenced, such as the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development. In October 1993, Comoros joined the League of Arab States, after having been rejected when it applied for membership initially in 1977. Regional relations generally were good. In 1985 Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles agreed to admit Comoros as the fourth member of the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), an organization established in 1982 to encourage regional cooperation. In 1993 Mauritius and Seychelles had two of the five embassies in Moroni, and Mauritius and Madagascar were connected to the republic by regularly scheduled commercial flights. In November 1975, Comoros became the 143d member of the UN. In the 1990s, the republic continued to represent Mahoré in the UN. Comoros was also a member of the OAU, the EDF, the World Bank, the IMF, the IOC, and the African Development Bank. Comoros thus cultivated relations with various nations, both East and West, seeking to increase trade and obtain financial assistance. In 1994, however, it was increasingly facing the need to control its expenditures and reorganize its economy so that it would be viewed as a sounder recipient of investment. Comoros also confronted domestically the problem of the degree of democracy the government was prepared to grant to its citizens, a consideration that related to its standing in the world community. Bilateral relations

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AMPK may refer to:

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Joseph Petrarca may refer to:

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Suburb of Longreach Region, Queensland, Australia Maneroo was a rural locality in the Longreach Region, Queensland, Australia. It is now part of Longreach. History In the 2016 census, Maneroo had a population of 37 people. In January 2019, it was decided to reduce the number of localities within Longreach Region by amalgamating the localities to the north and west of the town of Longreach into the locality of Longreach. The localities amalgamated were: Camoola, Chorregon, Ernestina, Maneroo, Morella, Tocal, and Vergemont. As a consequence of this amalgamation, the Longreach Region has only three localities: Longreach, Ilframcombe and Isisford.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asaphocrita_fidei"}

Species of moth Asaphocrita fidei is a moth in the family Blastobasidae that is endemic to Costa Rica.

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Annual awards for sound mixing The Cinema Audio Society Awards are an annual awards ceremony given by the Cinema Audio Society that honor outstanding achievements in sound mixing. These awards have been presented by the Cinema Audio Society since 1994. The competition is open to feature films and television programs released or aired during the calendar year. The winners are revealed in a sealed envelope ceremony during the Cinema Audio Society awards banquet the following spring. Winners are selected entirely by a written balloting of the C.A.S. active members. The awards also include a Filmmaker Award, Career Achievement Honoree, a Student Recognition Award and Technical Achievement Award. Category Film Television

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunio-kun"}

Video game series The Kunio-kun (くにおくん) series (typically localized as River City) is a video game series started by Technōs Japan. The series is now handled by Arc System Works who purchased all of the intellectual property rights from Technōs' successor, Million Corp. The first game in the series is fully titled Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun (熱血硬派くにおくん), which roughly translates to "Hot Blood Tough Guy Kunio", with Nekketsu being the name of the series' title character Kunio's high school. The kun suffix after his name is an informal Japanese honorific usually applied to young males. The series originated in arcades, before appearing on the Famicom console. Kunio later became Technōs Japan's main mascot, appearing on the company's logo in several games and television commercials. A few of the early Kunio games for the NES were localized for the North American market. These include Renegade, River City Ransom, Super Dodge Ball, Crash 'n' the Boys: Street Challenge and Nintendo World Cup, which are heavily "Americanized" versions of the Kunio-kun games. Technōs Japan has released over twenty Kunio-kun titles for the Famicom, Game Boy, and Super Famicom in Japan. In addition, licensed ports of the games were made for other platforms such as the PC-Engine (through Naxat Soft), Mega Drive (through Pal Soft) and the X68000 (through Sharp). Development The original game Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun was created by Yoshihisa Kishimoto. He pitched a semi-autobiographical game based on his teenage high school years, with the protagonist Kunio-kun loosely based on himself. Kishimoto recalled his experiences as a high school student regularly getting into fights on a daily basis, which was partly triggered by a break-up with a girl who dumped him. Kishimito was also a fan of Bruce Lee's Hong Kong martial arts films, particularly Enter the Dragon (1973). He combined elements from Lee's Enter the Dragon with that of his own life to create the concept for Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun. He went on to design Double Dragon (1987), which was originally envisioned as a direct sequel to the original Kunio-Kun game, before becoming a new game with a different cast and setting. The game's title and its protagonist, Kunio (variously renamed "Alex" and "Crash Cooney" in the United States), were named after Technōs Japan's former president, Kunio Taki. Many of the later games in the Kunio-kun series, particularly those under the Downtown Nekketsu moniker, were the handiwork of two men: Mitsuhiro "Yoshimitsu" Yoshida and Hiroyuki "Mokeke" Sekimoto. Renegade, the Western localization of Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun, spawned its own separate spin-off series developed by British company Ocean Software for home computers. There were two Renegade sequels: Target: Renegade (1988) and Renegade III: The Final Chapter (1989). List of games Characters The following is a list of characters appearing in most of the games, ordered by the games where they first appear. Main characters Sanwakai The Sanwakai (三和会) are a ruthless Yakuza gang that serve as the series antagonists. Nekketsu Renegade Kunio-kun (Renegade) Nekketsu High School Dodge Ball Club (Super Dodge Ball) Downtown Nekketsu Story (River City Ransom) Nekketsu High School Dodge Ball Club: Soccer Story (Nintendo World Cup) Downtown Nekketsu March: Super-Awesome Field Day! Shodai Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun Go Go! Nekketsu Hockey Club: Slip-and-Slide Madness Surprise! Nekketsu New Records! The Distant Gold Medal / Crash 'n The Boys: Street Challenge Nekketsu Fighting Legend Downtown Nekketsu Baseball Monogatari Downtown Nekketsu Monogatari EX (River City Ransom EX) Kunio-kun no Chou Nekketsu! Daiundoukai Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-Kun Special Riki Densetsu Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-Kun SP: Rantō Kyōsōkyoku (River City: Tokyo Rumble) River City Girls series Manga A gag manga based on the video games was produced titled Ore wa Otoko Da! Kunio-kun (おれは男だ! くにおくん). The manga was illustrated by Kosaku Anakubo and was serialized in the monthly anthology CoroCoro Comic from 1991 to 1996, lasting 11 collected editions. Ore wa Otoko Da! was awarded the Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga in 1995.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Judges_Association_%22Iustitia%22"}

Polish Judges Association "Iustitia" (Polish: Stowarzyszenie Sędziów Polskich „Iustitia”) is a self-governing association of Polish judges. In late 2010s the organization has been described as "extremely active in defending the rule of law in Poland".

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Breitenfeld_(1642)"}

1642 battle of the Thirty Years' War The Second Battle of Breitenfeld, also known as the First Battle of Leipzig, took place during the Thirty Years' War on 2 November 1642 at Breitenfeld, north-east of Leipzig in Germany. A Swedish Army commanded by Lennart Torstensson decisively defeated an Imperial Army under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and his deputy Ottavio Piccolomini. Victory allowed the Swedes to occupy and establish a secure base in Leipzig, the second most important town in the Electorate of Saxony. However, although significantly weakened by the defeat and forced onto the defensive, the Imperial Army prevented them from fully exploiting their victory and kept John George I, Elector of Saxony from making peace with Sweden. Prelude During 1641, the Swedish army narrowly escaped the pursuit by Imperials and Bavarians after its failed attack on the Imperial Diet in Regensburg in January. Its commander Johan Banér lost several thousand men at the battles of Neunburg and Preßnitz until his untimely death at Halberstadt in May. With the help of their French and Guelph allies, the remnant of the Swedes repelled the Imperials at Wolfenbüttel but only the arrival of Lennart Torstensson in November with fresh recruits and the outstanding pay saved them from mutiny. The Emperor's peace with the Guelphs in the Treaty of Goslar removed the strategic link between the Swedes and the French army under Jean-Baptiste Budes de Guébriant, forcing the French to turn west where they defeated an Imperial army under Guillaume de Lamboy at Kempen in early 1642. Because of Kempen, the Westphalian army under Melchior von Hatzfeld and the Bavarians under Franz von Mercy split up from the main Imperial force to contain Guébriant's advance. Both Imperials and Swedes moved to the east where the Swedes pitched winter quarters in Brandenburg that had declared neutrality in 1641. Brandenburg' denial of military access to the Imperials prevented them from assaulting the Swedes in February 1642. Therefore, the Imperial commander Archduke Leopold Wilhelm was compelled to retreat from Genthin in the Bishopric of Magdeburg to move into winter quarters in late February. While the Imperials were still obtaining quarters in April, the Swedes already started their campaign. The new Swedish commander Torstensson planned a major offensive in 1642 to strike into the Habsburg lands. While a mobile force under Hans Christoff von Königsmarck raided westward towards Quedlinburg as a distraction, Torstensson moved east to Lusatia from where he invaded Silesia. He took Głogów, one of its strongest fortresses, by storm on 4 May. The Imperial commander in Silesia, Franz Albrecht of Saxe-Lauenburg, collected a small army of 7,500 men and called Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria for aid. Before being reinforced by a detachment from the main Imperial Army under Ottavio Piccolomini, Franz Albrecht tried to relieve the siege of Schweidnitz. Tricked into attacking a much larger Swedish force on 31 May, his troops were overwhelmed and he himself mortally wounded. Piccolomini withdrew to Brno to join up with the Archduke, while on 14 June Torstensson captured Olomouc in Moravia after a short siege. After collecting superior forces, the Imperials forced the outnumbered Swedes back into Silesia pursued by the Archduke. Leaving a blockading corps at Olomouc, on 25 July his vanguard under Raimondo Montecuccoli defeated a Swedish detachment at Troppau which was screening the siege of Brieg, forcing Torstensson to abandon it and retreat across the Oder river. The Archduke laid siege to Głogów on 10 August but abandoned it on 12 September when Torstensson offered him battle in front of the fortress. The Swedish army was now large enough to put the Imperials under pressure and they pulled back to the Bohemian border where they entrenched themselves and used their light cavalry to harass the Swedish supply lines. Withdrawing into Saxony in October, Torstensson laid siege to Leipzig, the second-largest city in Saxony and an important stronghold for John George I, Elector of Saxony, an Imperial ally. Battle The fast approach of the Imperial Army under the Archduke and Piccolomini forced Torstensson to lift the siege of Leipzig on 1 November. Assuming the Swedes were in disorderly retreat, the Archduke and his war council decided to attack against the advice of Piccolomini who considered them too strong for a direct assault. The Swedes retreated to better positions outside Breitenfeld where they awaited an attack. The Imperials had 26,000 men and 46 guns against 20,000 and 70 respectively for the Swedes. Despite the disparity in numbers, the two forces were roughly equivalent because the Imperial army included many irregular Croatian and Hungarian cavalry of questionable combat value, as well as some dragoons and old-fashioned arquebusier regiments. In contrast, the Swedish cavalry was almost exclusively formed out of heavy cuirassiers. Both sides placed their cavalry on the wings, with the infantry in the centre, split into two subgroups because a small forest, the Linkelwald, bisected the Imperial lines. Battle began in the early morning of 2 November with an artillery duel in which Swedish infantry commander Johan Lilliehöök was mortally wounded. The Swedes crossed the Rietzschke river and their right wing under Arvid Wittenberg attacked the Imperial left. Its commander Hans Christoph von Puchheim had not yet fully deployed his troops and some of his regiments took flight, allegedly led by Madlo's regiment of arquebusiers in the front line, followed by a number of neighbouring units and most of the Saxon regiments holding the second line. The remainder were rallied by Colonel Nicola who repulsed two Swedish attacks with the support of the reserve cavalry under Ernst Roland von Suys before a third assault broke through, killing Nicola and several other officers. On the other side of the battlefield, the result was the opposite. The Imperial right under Annibale Gonzaga and Count Bruay shattered most of the Swedish left under Erik Slang and pushed them back onto their reserve under Königsmarck which continued to resist. Torstensson now decided to split his victorious right; one part under Torsten Stålhandske pursued the fleeing Imperial left, while the rest under Wittenberg moved behind the Imperial centre to attack their right from behind. Under pressure from two sides, this broke while Piccolomini and the Archduke used their personal bodyguards along with the Alt- and Neu-Piccolomini, Mislik, Borneval and Luttke regiments as a rear guard to cover their retreat. Although the infantry north of the Linkelwald escaped, the group to the south was encircled by the Swedish cavalry and forced to surrender. The Imperial Army lost all 46 guns along with 3,000 to 5,000 dead or wounded plus another 4,500 or 5,000 taken prisoner, including generals Suys and Fernemont. Swedish casualties were 4,000 dead or wounded; Generals Lilliehöök and Slang were killed, while General Stålhandske, commander of the Finnish Hakkapeliitta cavalry, was seriously wounded. Aftermath Rather than a renewed offensive, Torstensson renewed the siege of Leipzig which held out until 7 December. Its loss gave the Swedes a secure base in Saxony and was a serious blow to Elector John George, although most of the Imperial prisoners who joined the Swedish army after Breitenfeld deserted during the siege. Axel Lillie was appointed commander of Leipzig and enforced a large contribution of 150,000 talers. On 29 December, Wittenberg captured Chemnitz while Torstensson conferred with the French commander Guébriant. In early January, the Swedes besieged Freiberg, whose Saxon garrison resisted stubbornly and repelled a major assault on 13 January. Having rebuilt the Imperial Army in Bohemia, Piccolomini arrived outside Freiberg on 27 February, forcing the Swedes to abandon the siege, an action that may have stopped John George from leaving the war. Archduke Leopold Wilhelm assembled a court-martial in Prague which sentenced the Madlo regiment to exemplary punishment at Rokycany. Six regiments, which had distinguished themselves in the battle, were assembled fully armed and surrounded Madlo's regiment, which was severely rebuked for its cowardice and misconduct and ordered to lay down its arms, after which their regimental colours were torn in pieces. In a process known as decimation, lots were drawn and every 10th soldier of the regiment and 5 officers were executed next day. Defeat ignited antagonism in the army between Germans and Italians, commonly called "Welsche" or "Walsche", who claimed it was due to the collapse of the mostly German left wing under Puchheim, who in turn argued the mostly Italian right under Gonzaga had failed to support them. The court-martial of Madlo's regiment seemed to confirm the guilt of the left wing but did not calm tempers. When the Archduke asked Hatzfeld, who had arrived with reinforcements in January 1643, to take over command while he travelled to Vienna, Hatzfeld refused saying he could not repair the mistakes of the Italians. Confronted with this insubordination, the Archduke resigned his command and in February was temporarily replaced by Piccolomini before he decided to enter Spanish service and stepped down in April. The returning Trentine general Matthias Gallas took over command, largely because he was acceptable to both Germans and Italians. Most of the Italian generals like the Gonzagas or Montecuccoli chose to retire or depart for Italy to fight in the First War of Castro. Only Bruay was persuaded by the Emperor to stay instead of following Piccolomini. In April, the Swedes started their next offensive. Gallas anticipated their aim of resupplying Olomouc and tried to block their way with a strong defensive position at Hradec Králové and by refusing them any crossing of the Elbe. Torstensson avoided Gallas' main force and feinted an attack at Brandýs nad Labem to distract the Imperials. In the meantime, he attained a crossing at Mělník. He moved forward and reached northern Moravia prior to Gallas where he resupplied the Swedish garrisons. Gallas and the Imperials followed him over Brno and again took a defensive position in front of the Swedes. The Imperials used their superior light cavalry to harass the Swedes in skirmishes. The Swedes held out until October when they retreated into Silesia and then left Habsburg territory entirely to attack Denmark in the Torstenson War.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Group"}

Paramount Group is a Global Aerospace & Defence group of companies operating in the global defence, internal security and peacekeeping industries. Established in South Africa in 1994, it offers a range of military aircraft, armoured vehicles, maritime systems, equipment and training to governments. Since 2006, Paramount Group has been expanding its presence in the aerospace sector. During 2011, the company unveiled the AHRLAC (Advanced High Performance Reconnaissance Light Aircraft), a long-range reconnaissance and surveillance aircraft; it is the first military fixed-wing aircraft to be designed and built indigenously in Africa. In 2013, Paramount Group acquired South African aerospace firm Advanced Technologies and Engineering (ATE); during the following year, it announced the acquisition of the South African aerospace company Aerosud, its primary partner on the ARHLAC. Both firms have been integrated into the group. History Paramount Group was established by South African entrepreneur and industrialist Ivor Ichikowitz in 1994; its headquarters were established in Sandton, South Africa. During its initial years of operation, the company largely focused itself on the development and production of ground-based systems. During 2006, Paramount Group began developing its own portfolio of aerospace products, acquiring a number of surplus South African Air Force (SAAF) Dassault Mirage F1s that same year. Operated by its subsidiary, Paramount Aerospace Systems, the Mirage F1 fleet has been expanded over the years and is used for purposes such as providing aerial aggressor and ground crew maintenance training services to government customers. During 2009, Paramount Group purchased a 19% stake in the South African aerospace company Aerosud. During February 2011, Paramount Group announced the launch of a joint venture with Abu Dhabi - based defence business International Golden Group for the latter market and distribute Paramount Group’s products and services in the United Arab Emirates. In September 2011, the company unveiled a new project, the AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac (Advanced High Performance Reconnaissance Light Aircraft), a versatile low-cost aircraft designed for light attack and reconnaissance missions. The development programme was originally structured as a joint venture between Aerosud and Paramount Group. While originally intended as an alternative to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the company subsequently decided to develop an unmanned variant of the AHRLAC as well. During December 2011, the UK national newspaper The Daily Telegraph reported that the Paramount Group's Wikipedia article had been edited by accounts linked to the controversial public relations company Bell Pottinger. On 10 June 2013, Paramount Group announced that their takeover of Advanced Technologies and Engineering (ATE) was at an advanced stage. ATE had been operating under a business rescue plan for some time before Paramount decided on the takeover. During November 2013, Paramount Group announced that it had gained a controlling stake in ship builder Nautic Africa; it stated its intention to produce a new range of vessels, claiming it would help Africa protect against piracy. Two years later, the company began construction of a state-of-the-art naval production facility located in Cape Town. During September 2018, it acquired the South African boat manufacturer Austral Marine. During February 2014, Paramount Group announced that it had acquired Aerosud as a part of its strategy to rapidly expand its presence within the aerospace and defence markets. Shortly thereafter, the company was renamed Paramount Aerospace. Furthermore, around the same time frame, a new division of the company, Paramount Robotic Systems, was created with the goal of developing autonomous capabilities with airborne, land and sea applications. During July 2014, Paramount Group and American aerospace company Boeing signed a memorandum of collaboration to develop products together across a wide range of areas, including humanitarian aid, disaster relief, anti-poaching and border protection. Since forming this partnership, the two companies have jointly worked on several projects pertaining to aviation technologies. In March 2016, Boeing announced that it had entered into a development partnership with Paramount with the aim of producing a militarized version of the Ahrlac; Boeing's contribution to the programme reportedly includes the development of an integrated mission system with intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and weapons system capabilities for the aircraft. In April 2015, Paramount Group announced that it was in the process of taking over DCD Protected Mobility, formerly a division of South African industrial and engineering group DCD. Under the terms of this agreement, Paramount took control of its facilities located in Isando, Kempton Park, Johannesburg. By 2016, the business reportedly has government clients in 28 countries across five continents. along with partnerships with numerous leading international defence and aerospace players. At the time, Paramount Group was organised into four primary business units: maritime, combat systems, aerospace, and advanced technologies. On 20 September 2018, Italian aerospace manufacturer Alenia Aermacchi signed an agreement with Paramount Group for the latter to evaluate and develop a combat-orientated model of the former's M-345 trainer aircraft to suit the requirements of prospective African customers. It is reportedly planned for the aircraft to be updated with Paramount's Swift mission system. Road vehicles During 2000, Paramount Group launched the first of its road vehicles, the Marauder. Since then, the firm has expanded its range to manufacture a variety of armoured vehicles, including the Maverick, Mbombe 6, and Matador.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khushbir_Kaur"}

Indian racewalker Khushbir Kaur (born 9 July 1993) is an Indian athlete, a 20-kilometre racewalker. She first came into limelight after winning bronze in the 10,000-metre (6.2 mi) walk race at the 2012 Asian Junior Athletics Championships held at Colombo, Sri Lanka. She participated in the 2013 World Championships in the 20 km walk category. She clocked 1:34:28 and finished 39th. At the 2014 Asian walking championships in Japan, she came third with a timing of 1:33:37 and bettered her own national record. In the same year, she became the first Indian woman to win a silver at the Asian Games. She received the Arjuna Award in 2017 after her consecutive victories in International sports events. Khushbir Kaur is supported by Anglian Medal-Hunt Company. Early life Kaur hails from Rasulpur Kalan, a village near Amritsar. Her family has roots in the farming community. Her mother Jasbir Kaur encouraged her to take up sports professionally. She lost her father at the age of six and was raised by her mother. In 2008, she completed her race barefoot as she could not afford shoes Furthermore, she notched up junior national records in the 5 km and 10 km event. After a string of successful performances in the national junior circuit, she performed well in the international circuit – finishing second in the Youth Asian Games and third in the Junior Asian Games (2012). She had a strong 5th-place performance in the senior Walking Asian Championship in Japan. She was guided by her coach Baldev Singh during her initial years of training. Later, coaches Alexander Artsybashev and Ajay Rati guided her in subsequent competitions. 2013 Moscow World Championship Kaur bettered her own personal best and the national record in the Women's 20 km Walk during the Moscow World Championship (2013), clocking a time of 1:34:28. She finished 39th during the event. 2014 Asian Games, Incheon (PRK) Kaur became the first Indian woman to clinch a 20 km Race Walk silver medal in the Asian Games by bettering her personal best and setting a new national record in the process. The 21-year-old from Amritsar clocked 1:33:07 to improve on her previous personal best of 1:33:37, which was also the national record, to finish second at the Marathon Course. 2016 Rio Olympics In the 2016 Olympics, she secured 54th position in 20 km race walk and thus gouged a mark in the prestigious international sports championship. She took 1 hour, 40 minutes and 30 seconds to complete the distance of the race which was far away from her previous national records. 2018 Commonwealth Games In the 21st Commonwealth Games, held in Australia, she finished fourth in the women's 20 kilometer racewalk event where she clocked the time of 1 hour, 39 minutes and 21 seconds.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_on_Ice"}

Swiss figure skating event Award Art on Ice is a Swiss figure skating gala. It combines performances of the world's best figure skaters with those of international music stars. The gala takes place annually in Zurich's Hallenstadion, in Lausanne at the Patinoire de Malley, in Basel at the St, Jakobshalle, in St. Moritz and in Davos. The event, which is popular among the population, is also broadcast on television on a time-delayed basis. The event is considered the leading event of its kind in the world. History The show was based on an idea by Oliver Höner and first took place in 1995 under the title World Class Figure Skating in the ice rink in Küsnacht. One year later, Oliver Höner, together with Reto Caviezel, realized the show with live music under the name Art on Ice in the Hallenstadion in Zurich. There, the show is now performed on four evenings in front of around 10,000 spectators each time. Each year, Art on Ice attracts around 80,000 spectators. Art on Ice has been performed abroad several times, for example in China, Japan, Finland and Sweden. In 2020, Art on Ice could celebrate its 25th anniversary with a big show and famous world stars. The figure skating gala was held in February before the COVID-19 outbreak in Switzerland. In 2021, the organizers had to abandon the usual shows because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the dinner show Art on Ice Special was offered in September 2021 for about 1000 guests. The line-up of stars matched the standard of previous years: Victoria Sinitsina, Nikita Katsalapov, Vanessa James, Eric Radford and Alina Zagitova. At the end of November 2021, it was announced that Art on Ice would have to postpone their 2022 Swiss tour to 2023. Following the dinner show concept of fall 2021, top class figure skating will still be offered. On March 3, 4 and 5, 2021, three dinner shows Art on Ice Special with international stars for 1000 guests each were held in Zurich's Hallenstadion. The figure skaters who have performed at Art on Ice so far include: The list of music stars who have performed for Art on Ice includes:

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Russian footballer Pavel Kurakin (Russian: Павел Куракин; born 3 December 1966 in Kolchugino) is a former Russian football player.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belle-Rivi%C3%A8re,_Quebec"}

Unorganized territory in Quebec, Canada Belle-Rivière is an unorganized territory in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the regional county municipality of Lac-Saint-Jean-Est. It had a population of 10 in the Canada 2021 Census, and covered a land area of 608.47 km2. The Métabetchouane River forms its western boundary. The territory is named after la Belle Rivière ("the beautiful river") that has its source at Lac de la Belle Rivière ("Beautiful River Lake") that is also within the territory. The river was historically an important route for the natives and explorers of the Lac Saint-Jean region.

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The March 693 was a Formula 3 racing car built and used by March Engineering in 1969. It was powered by a naturally aspirated, 997 cc (0.997 L; 60.8 cu in), Ford 105E straight-four engine, producing 120 hp (89 kW), and weighing in at a tiny 400 kg (880 lb). The March 693 was a one-off and the first racing car to leave the new team's factory. The car had a simple square tube frame, the suspension was partly carried over from existing racing cars from Brabham and Lotus. Ronnie Peterson's first March race was in 1969 in the 693 at Cadwell Park, where he finished third. The car was only used twice by the works team. Ronnie Peterson had a serious accident with it during a race in Montlhéry. The car was repaired and James Hunt drove it in one round to the British Formula 3 Championship at Brands Hatch but had to retire.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memories_of_Love"}

1997 studio album by Future Bible Heroes Memories of Love is the debut studio album by American indie pop band Future Bible Heroes, released in 1997 in the U.S., the U.K., Europe and Korea. Its accompanying booklet features twelve word puzzles and games that, if solved correctly, reveal the name of the band and the title of the album, plus the lyrics to each of the album's eleven songs. Track listing All lyrics are written by Stephin Merritt; all music is composed by Stephin Merritt (vocal melodies) and Christopher Ewen (music and instrumentation). Personnel Future Bible Heroes

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Species of gastropod Polydontes acutangula is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Sagdidae. Distribution This species occurs in Puerto Rico. Life cycle The size of the animal is about 45 mm. The size of the egg is 9.6 × 7.6 mm.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/77th_Searchlight_Regiment,_Royal_Artillery"}

Military unit The 77th Searchlight Regiment (77th S/L Rgt) was an anti-aircraft (AA) unit of Britain's Royal Artillery (RA) formed during World War II. After serving in Anti-Aircraft Command during the Blitz it was converted into a Light Anti-Aircraft (LAA) gun unit. Although assigned to 21st Army Group for Operation Overlord, it did not go overseas and was disbanded in June 1944. Mobilisation and training 77th S/L Regiment was formed on 11 August 1940. The Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) had been formed earlier, apparently with the intention of taking over the newly-raised 478–481 S/L Batteries, but these had been disposed elsewhere, 479 and 480 being disbanded and their personnel posted in July 1940 to help reform 1st S/L Rgt after the Dunkirk evacuation. 77th S/L Regiment finally came into existence with four new batteries: The new regiment was posted to Swansea, were about 150 Welsh recruits joined, having done their basic training with 79th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, which was already stationed in Swansea. The Blitz The new regiment formed part of 45 AA Brigade in 5 AA Division. In November 1940, however, 5 AA Division was split, and a new 9 AA Division took over South Wales. 45 AA Brigade was also split, and in February 1941 the regiment came under the newly-formed 61 AA Bde in Swansea. At this period searchlights were deployed in clusters of three lights in an attempt to improve the chances of picking up enemy bombers and keeping them illuminated for engagement by AA guns or Royal Air Force (RAF) night-fighters. Eventually, one light in each cluster was to be equipped with Searchlight Control (SLC) radar and act as 'master light', but the radar equipment was still in short supply. There was enemy air activity over the Bristol Channel and South Wales coast on most nights during the winter of 1940–41, but usually these were reconnaissances or nuisance raids. Heavier raids against Swansea began on 4/5 January 1941, when a bomb put all the Gun Operations Room (GOR) telephone lines out of action. In February 1941 the Luftwaffe began a new tactic of hitting the same towns on successive nights in an attempt to put them completely out of action. Swansea was the first town so attacked. On the night of 19/20 February the building housing the GOR was destroyed by a direct hit during a heavy raid. The Luftwaffe returned to continue the 'Swansea Blitz' on the nights of 20/21 and 21/22 February, the city centre was devastated, and fires and delayed-action bombs destroyed communications. After a busy period for the AA defences of South Wales in early May 1941, the Blitz effectively ended in the middle of the month. Desultory raiding continued through June and July while the gaps in AA defences were filled as more equipment and units became available. With more SLC radar available, the S/Ls could now be 'declustered'. 77th S/L Regiment remained with 61 AA Bde throughout 1941. Because of growing manpower shortages during 1941, the Commander-in-Chief of AA Command, Gen Sir Frederick Pile, pioneered the employment of women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) in AA units. On 25 October 1942 a new predominantly female searchlight regiment was formed, 93rd (Mixed) Searchlight Regiment, RA, to which 77th S/L Rgt supplied 495 Battery, which had been detached to 1 AA Division in London since the previous May. Although 495 Bty was mainly male, there was a wholescale transfer of ATS personnel in, and male gunners out after it had been transferred. 146th LAA Regiment 93rd (Mixed) was the last searchlight regiment to be raised during the war, and afterwards a number of existing S/L units were converted to man Light Anti-Aircraft (LAA) guns, of which there was a great shortage. 77th Searchlight Regiment converted into 146th LAA Regiment at Saighton Camp, Chester, on 22 March 1943. Its three new LAA batteries retained their existing numbers, but 496 LAA Bty joined 147th LAA Rgt at Downpatrick, County Down, on 6 April. It later rejoined 146th LAA Rgt. Designated a 'semi-mobile' unit, the new regiment was assigned to 21st Army Group, which was being assembled for the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord). However, the regiment did not proceed overseas, and was disbanded on 7 June 1944. External sources

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75th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL) The 1971 VFL season was the 75th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 3 April until 25 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs. The premiership was won by the Hawthorn Football Club for the second time, after it defeated St Kilda by seven points in the 1971 VFL Grand Final. Hawthorn full-forward Peter Hudson kicked 150 goals for the season, equalling the all-time record set by Bob Pratt (South Melbourne) in 1934. Premiership season In 1971, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances. Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 22 rounds; matches 12 to 22 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 11. Once the 22 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1971 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page–McIntyre system. Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Round 11 Round 12 Round 13 Round 14 Round 15 Round 16 Round 17 Round 18 Round 19 Round 20 Round 21 Round 22 Ladder Source: VFL ladder Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) percentage; 3) number of points for. (P) Premiers Consolation Night Series Competition The consolation night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the home and away rounds. Final: Melbourne 12.7 (79) defeated Fitzroy 9.9 (63). Premiership Finals First Semi-Final Second Semi-Final Preliminary Final Grand final Awards Leading Goalkickers Notable events

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American not-for-profit executive Kathryn Wylde is an American executive working in the non-profit industry. Since 2011, she has been the President and CEO of the Partnership for New York City, a non-profit that advocates with the city and state government on behalf of large businesses and their ultimate bottom line. The Partnership is funded almost exclusively through membership donations from over two hundred and fifty corporations in the city. Her work at behest of these entities has been noteworthy throughout the last decade. In a late 2020 interview, she billed herself "the lone defender of the billionaires at this point". Indeed, the group's latest available IRS filings in Pro Publica show Wylde is a highly remunerated executive in the city and took in over $1.1 million as recently in 2018. This would make her one of the highest paid non-profit executives in the State of New York, which is at least five times more than the compensation received by the Mayor of New York City or the Governor of New York State. Biography Prior to becoming the leader of the Partnership, Wylde was the founding CEO of both the Partnership's housing and investment fund affiliates. She serves on a number of boards and advisory groups, such as the New York City Economic Development Corporation, the Fund for Public Schools, the conservative Manhattan Institute, Sponsors for Educational Opportunity, and the Governor's NYC Regional Economic Development Council. Wylde has also served as director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In 2018, City and State magazine considered her to be the third most important person in New York City and State, after Michael Bloomberg and Stephen M. Ross. Crains New York Business listed her among the 50 most powerful women in New York City in 2017. Her Sunday routine was profiled in 2011 by The New York Times. Views According to The New York Times Wylde was among a number of prominent New Yorkers (and one of the primary movers) authoring a follow-up letter to Amazon, asking it to reconsider its decision to not build Amazon HQ2 in New York City. Her group also paid for a follow-up ad in the Times. She felt that the handling of the Amazon HQ2 situation had tarnished NYC's reputation as a place to do business. In reference to New York City's proposed ‘Pied-à-Terre’ Tax on Multimillion-Dollar Second Homes, Wylde has indicated that she does not think the proposed tax will be well received by the business community, suggesting that such a tax — combined with the recent tax code change that capped the amount of local income taxes that can be deducted on federal income taxes — might push the wealthy to reconsider living in NYC. In response to Mayor Bill de Blasio announcement of a new paid vacation day requirement, Wylde commented: “The New York business community got no heads-up on this ‘national first’ announcement, so apparently we are not the audience being addressed, although local entrepreneurs will certainly be the victims” More recently in March 2021, the Partnership wrote to currently embattled Governor Cuomo against taxing the wealthy. They wrote, "ultimately, these new taxes may trigger a major loss of economic activity and revenues as companies are pressured to relocate operations", repeating unverifiable theme as the public and legislature has increased pressure to raise taxes on the wealthy. Recent Quinnipiac poll finds that three out of five New Yorkers supporting taxing the wealthy, especially as the wealthy have enhanced their balance sheets during COVID-19

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Film_Music_Critics_Association"}

Professional association The International Film Music Critics Association (IFMCA) is a professional association for online, print and radio journalists who specialize in writing about original film and television music. History and purpose The IFMCA was founded in the late 1990s as the Film Music Critics Jury by film music journalist Mikael Carlsson (now the owner of film music record label MovieScore Media), and after period of inactivity was re-launched in 2003 under its new title. Its membership includes 65 journalists from 16 different countries who write for such high-profile film and soundtrack-related publications and websites as Film Score Monthly, Filmtracks, SoundtrackNet, Music from the Movies, MundoBSO and UnderScores, as well as more mainstream publications such as Ain't It Cool News, Variety, The Hollywood Reporter and the Irish Times. Members of the IFMCA have also been involved in writing liner notes for major film music record labels such as Film Score Monthly, Varèse Sarabande, Intrada Records, La-La Land Records and Music Box Records. The group maintains a website documenting its activities; operates a central online review interface which provides links to articles, reviews and interviews written by its members; organizes an annual awards event, the IFMCA Awards, celebrating music for films written during the preceding year; and is involved in organizing major international film music festivals, such as those in Tenerife, Úbeda in Spain, Kraków in Poland, and the World Soundtrack Awards in Ghent, Belgium. IFMCA Awards The organization is responsible for the annual International Film Music Critics Association Awards, the only awards given to composers by active film music journalists, and which are seen by many as a valuable precursor to the Academy Awards in the absence of a guild for composers. They have been called the "Oscars of film music", have been featured in major daily newspapers in Spain and Portugal, are recognized by major performing rights organizations such as ASCAP in the United States and SGAE in Europe, and most recently have been seen by the video games industry as an important step forward in legitimizing game music as a mainstream creative art form. Composers as varied as John Debney, Alexandre Desplat, Randy Edelman, George Fenton, Michael Giacchino, James Newton Howard Mark Isham, Andrew Lockington, Abel Korzeniowski, Brian Tyler, Fernando Velázquez and Debbie Wiseman highlight their IFMCA Award wins and nominations in their official biographies.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%82onka-Matyski"}

Village in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland Płonka-Matyski [ˈpwɔŋka maˈtɨski] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łapy, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_space"}

In continuum mechanics, Haigh–Westergaard stress space, or simply stress space is a 3-dimensional space in which the three spatial axes represent the three principal stresses of a body subject to stress. This space is named after Bernard Haigh and Harold M. Westergaard. In mathematical terms, H-W space can also be interpreted (understood) as a set of numerical markers of stress tensors orbits (with respect to proper rotations group – special orthogonal group SO3); every point of H-W space represents one orbit. Functions of the principal stresses, such as the yield function, can be represented by surfaces in 'stress space. In particular, the surface represented by von Mises yield function is a right circular cylinder, equiaxial to each of the three stress axes. In 2-dimensional models, stress space reduces to a plane and the von Mises yield surface reduces to an ellipse.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uxbridge_F.C."}

Association football club in England Football club The Uxbridge Football Club are a football club representing Uxbridge, based in Yiewsley, in the London Borough of Hillingdon, England. They were established in 1871 and are one of the oldest clubs in the South of England. They were founding members of the Southern League Division Two in 1894 and have reached the 2nd round of the FA Cup once; in the 1873–74 season. The club is affiliated to the Middlesex County Football Association and is a FA chartered standard club. They are currently members of the Isthmian League South Central Division. History Uxbridge Football Club was founded on 3 February 1871 in an inaugural meeting attended by the Rev. T. S. Shepherd and local men, H. Heron, F. Heron, P. Aldworth, F. J. Smith, R. T. Smith, W. M. Gardiner, W. Fassnidge, E. White and P. White. The team started by playing friendly games until they made their debut in the FA Cup with a first round win over Gitanos at Uxbridge Common on 28 October 1873. Whilst playing for the club its captain Hubert Heron gained two full international caps as a forward for England in the 2nd and 3rd annual games against Scotland in March 1873 and March 1874. However, on 18 November 1874 the club was dissolved, '...brought about, not from any want of funds, but owing to disagreements amongst members, occasioned chiefly by the club being unable to engage in the contest for the Association Challenge Cup, (1st round game on 7 November 1874 against Windsor Home Park which was scratched by Uxbridge) in consequence of a few of the members preferring to play for neighbouring clubs, (Uxbridge Captain Hubert Heron playing for Wanderers in their F.A. Cup 1st round game against Farningham on 31 October 1874 and other Uxbridge players playing for Swifts in their 1st round game against Old Etonians on 5 November 1874) rather than cast their lot with Uxbridge.' By 18 November 1874 the Uxbridge Crescents Football Club had been formed with Uxbridge F.C. being reformed five years later in 1879. In August 1886 Uxbridge F.C. amalgamated with Uxbridge Crescents, and played under this name in the 1886–87 season as a name change at this time would have required the relinquishing of Uxbridge Crescent's 1885-86 West Middlesex Cup title. In August 1887 the club name was changed to Uxbridge F.C. The amalgamation saw the club adopt red shirts which are still the colours worn today, and the nickname "The Reds" first used. The club became founder members of the Southern League in the 1894–95 season finishing in mid-table in Division Two. In the 1897–98 season they reached the final of the FA Amateur Cup, losing to Middlesbrough 2–0 at Crystal Palace. The club stayed in the Southern league until the end of the 1898–99 season, dropping out for financial reasons to join the Middlesex Amateur League at the start of the 1899–1900 season. However, they only survived a single season in the Middlesex league before folding with a debt of £75 19s 10d. After two years, and with the debt repaid, the club was restarted for the 1902–3 season. They joined the West Middlesex league, two seasons later they joined the Great Western Combination League and remained there until The Great War. After the First world War they joined the Athenian League in the 1919–20 season as Uxbridge Town. They finished second from bottom and were relegated to the Great Western Combination League. The club returned to the Athenian League four seasons later and stayed in the league until the 1936–37 season when they failed to be re-elected after finishing bottom of the league twice. The club then moved to the Spartan League as Uxbridge F.C. and finished top of the league. However, they were denied the championship, as it was discovered the club had played an ineligible player, so they finished third when six points were deducted. The club then joined the London League the season afterwards and then rejoined the Great Western Combination League during World War II. By 1939 Uxbridge had played at eight home grounds since its establishment in 1871 and had been playing at the RAF Uxbridge stadium since 1923. With the coming of the war the team had to play away from home from the 1939–40 season while RAF Uxbridge conducted its historic role in the defence of the United Kingdom. After the war the club rejoined the London League in the 1945–46 season. Uxbridge returned to the R.A.F. Uxbridge stadium after six years on 11 May 1946 with a 3–0 win in a friendly game against Twickenham. In the 1946–47 season the club joined the Corinthian League, opening with a 2–1 defeat at home against Eastbourne on 31 August 1946. However issues with the lease of their home ground had arisen. At the club's annual meeting on 23 July 1947, President of the club Mr W.S.Try reported that owing to preparations for the 1948 Olympic Games, the R.A.F. stadium would not be always available in the future and next season they would have to pay an increased price for each match there. A new home for Uxbridge was needed and on 17 September 1947 a large house called "Honeycroft" with 4.5 acres of land in Cleveland Road, Cowley (today part of Brunel University) was bought at auction on behalf of the club for £5,800 by Mr Try. The new ground was named after the house, which became the club's main facility. The first home game at Honeycroft was against Yiewsley in the F.A Cup on 4 September 1948 which resulted in a 1–1 draw after extra time. The 1959–60 season was a particularly successful season with the club being champions of the Corinthian League. The club remained in the Corinthian league, until the end of the 1962–63 season, when as a result of a restructuring of Non-league football the league was disbanded, and were placed in Division one of the Athenian League. At the end of the 1966–67 season the club was relegated to Division Two, which led to the club facing financial difficulties again and the ground was mortgaged, but they still continued and gained national prominence in 1976 when they met a full-strength England side at Wembley Stadium as part of World Cup preparations. The score: England 8 Uxbridge 0. In 1978 the club bought its current ground in Yiewsley and also called the ground "Honeycroft". The club spent over £170,000 on ground improvements and a 1–1 draw with Arsenal in 1981 saw the official opening of the new floodlights. The 1981–82 season saw the club finish third in the Athenian League and achieve election into the Isthmian League. The club finished second in Division Two South in 1984–85 and gained promotion to Division One, where they remained for twenty years. The first season in Division One was good with the team finishing in 7th place and also reaching the 1st Round proper of the FA Trophy and the Final of the AC Delco Cup in its inaugural year, losing 1–3 to Sutton United. Throughout this period of the late 1960s to late 1980s the club was managed by Ron Clack. He was followed by Peter Marshall for one season and Michael Harvey for three seasons. June 1992 saw George Talbot take to the helm as manager. He had joined Uxbridge as coach in August 1991 after being manager at Harefield . His first success in his 14-year tenure was winning the London Challenge Cup in 1994, when, after despatching Southall, Leyton Orient (at Brisbane Road) and Football Conference sides Dagenham & Redbridge and Welling United, the club collected their first major trophy for 12 years. Three years later the London Challenge Cup was lifted again following victories over Collier Row & Romford, St. Albans City, Barking and Leyton Pennant by 1–0 in a final replay after a 3–3 draw at Fulham's Craven Cottage ground. A year later in 1998 the club reached the London Challenge Cup Final again and also the final of the Middlesex Senior Cup, losing to Boreham Wood and Enfield respectively. 1999 saw another appearance in the final of the London Challenge Cup, this time the club losing to Dulwich Hamlet after extra time at Charlton Athletic's ground, and a year later the club made their fourth consecutive appearance in the London Challenge Cup Final, and this time the "Reds" gained their revenge over Dulwich Hamlet, with a 5–4 win on penalties following a 2–2 draw at Dagenham & Redbridge. 2001 saw the club lose their stranglehold on the London Challenge Cup but they were victorious in the Middlesex Senior Cup for the first time in 50 years as they defeated Isthmian Premier neighbours Harrow Borough. The 2003–04 season saw another cup final reached, resulting in a defeat to holders Hendon in the Middlesex Senior Cup. The 2004–05 season, saw the club moved from the Isthmian league to the Southern league, in the Eastern Division. Their debut in the new league saw them finish in fourth place and a play-off competition for the final promotion place, which Uxbridge lost in the final on penalties at Maldon Town. Before the 2005–06 season the club installed a new floodlighting system (up to Football Conference standard). However a lower than expected 14th position in the league that season resulted in the departure of George Talbot. Former Uxbridge player and Northwood manager Tony Choules was appointed as George Talbot's successor for the 2006–07 season. Under his stewardship the club reached the Southern League Division One South & West Play-off final in the 2007–08 season where they lost to Oxford City 1–0. The club switched to Division One Central in the Southern League at the start of the 2010–11 season and in the 2011–12 season they finished Fourth qualifying for the Play-offs, but lost 2–1 to Bedworth United in the semi-final. There was success in cup competition with the club winning back to back Middlesex Charity Cup's in 2013 and 2014 and winning it again in 2019. In the 2018–2019 season the club joined the Isthmian League Division One South Central. After thirteen years in charge of the club, Choules stepped aside in May 2019. His replacement was former Chalfont St Peter boss Danny Edwards. Ground Uxbridge play their games at Honeycroft, Horton Road, Yiewsley. The ground used to be a former works Sports & Social Club, and was named "Honeycroft" after their former ground in Cowley. It has been designated as a 'C' Grade stadium. Ground history 1871–72 to 1883-84 - Uxbridge F.C. and from 1874, Uxbridge Crescents F.C. play home games on Uxbridge Common. However, Uxbridge F.C.'s last home game before being dissolved on the 18 November 1874 is played on the Uxbridge Cricket Club ground against Harrow Chequers on 10 October 1874. 1884–85 to 1885-86 - Uxbridge Common and 'Mr Light's Meadow/Field', Uxbridge. Mr Light's Field is thought to be close to where the Rockingham Recreation Ground is today as reference is made to the 'Waterworks end'. Uxbridge Water Works stood where the Rushes Mead cul-de-sac is today, on the north-west side of the park. 1886-87 - The amalgamated team is called Uxbridge Crescents for one season. In October home games are played at 'Mr Light's Field'. Reference is then made to the tenancy of Mr. Johnson's field. 1887-88 to 1888-89 - Tenancy of Mr. Johnson's field. Reference is made to the 'Gas Works goal'. Uxbridge Gas Works was situated off Cowley Mill Road, where the Uxbridge Royal Mail sorting office and Uxbridge Trade Park is today. 1889-90 - 'Uxbridge Football Club ground' - reference made to the 'Waterworks goal.' This would indicate a return to Mr. Light's Field for one season. 1890–91 to 1899-1900 - Colne Farm ground, Uxbridge Moor The Colne Farm ground was renowned for its heavy soil. It was situated between two arms of the River Colne, next to Upper Colham Mill. Today this is the location of the Riverside Way Industrial Estate. 1900–01 to 1901-02 - Club dissolved due to debt 1902–03 to 1903-04 - Colne Farm ground, Uxbridge Moor 1904–05 to 1914-15 - Hillingdon House Park ground 1915–16 to 1917-18 - First World War 1918–19 to 1921-22 - 'The Cottage' ground (Mr. H. Richardson's Meadow), Cowley Road, Cowley. 1922-23 - Lodge Farm ground, Denham (Oxford) Road, New Denham 1923–24 to 1938-39 - RAF Uxbridge Central Sports Ground 1939-40 - Yiewsley F.C.'s Evelyns Stadium, Colham Green. 1940-41 - Park Road ground, Uxbridge. 1941-42 - Yiewsley F.C.'s Evelyn's Stadium, Colham Green. 1942-43 - Six games played at Evelyn's Stadium. Other ‘home’ games played at Southall's Western Road ground and Hounslow’s Denbigh Road ground or played at opposition's ground. 1943-44 to 1945-46 - No home ground - All competitive 'home' games played at opposition’s grounds or played at neutral grounds e.g., Windsor and Eton’s Stag Meadow ground. Friendly games against Hounslow and an Army XI played at Rockingham Recreation ground. 1946–47 to 1947-48 - RAF Uxbridge Central Sports Ground 1948–49 to 1977-78 - Honeycroft, Cleveland Road, Cowley 1978–79 to Present - Honeycroft, Horton Road, Yiewsley Management team Last updated: 17 August 2022. Source: https://www.uxbridgefc.com/first-team-management Players First team squad As of 3 January 2023 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Source: Uxbridge F.C. Honours League honours Cup honours Records Notable former players

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Military unit Royal Württemberg Jagdstaffel 47, commonly abbreviated to Jasta 47 or Jasta 47W, was a "hunting group" (i.e., fighter squadron) of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. Incomplete records credit the squadron with 14 aerial victories during the war. The unit's known casualties include three killed in action, one injured in a flying accident, three wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war. History Jasta 47 was formed at Flieger-Abteilung ("Flier Detachment") 10, Böblingen, Kingdom of Württemberg, on 16 December 1917. It was forwarded into action on the 24th. Its first combat sorties came on 6 March 1918, with its first aerial victory on 11 March 1918. The squadron would be assigned to at least five Jagdgruppes during its existence. There are no records of squadron victories after 16 July 1918, nor of casualties suffered after 24 September 1918. Nevertheless, Jasta 47 did serve through war's end. Commanding officers (Staffelführer) Duty stations Operations Jasta 47 left Boblingen for Harlebeke on 24 December, when it was posted to support of 4 Armee. On the 29th, the squadron was incorporated into Jagdgruppe 4. After flying its initial combat sorties on 6 March, on the 9th the Jasta was transferred to Jagdgruppe 6. After scoring its first aerial victory on 11 March, on the 29th it was moved to become part of Jagdgruppe 3 supporting 6 Armee. On 5 May 1918, Jasta 47 returned to 4 Armee's control. On 6 June, it became part of Jagdgruppe 9. On 9 July 1918, it was posted to support of 3 Armee.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KQPI"}

Radio station in Aberdeen, Idaho KQPI (99.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format, simulcasting KUPI 99.1 FM Idaho Falls, Idaho. Licensed to Aberdeen, Idaho, USA, the station serves the Pocatello area. The station is currently owned by Sandhill Media Group, LLC.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelophylax_demarchii"}

Species of frog Pelophylax demarchii is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is only known from its unspecific type locality, Eritrea. Its taxonomic status is unclear. Common name Eritrea pond frog has been coined for it. Etymology The specific name demarchii honours Marco De Marchi [it], an Italian naturalist, hydrobiologist, industrialist, and philanthropist. Taxonomy Pelophylax demarchii was described by Italian herpetologist Giuseppe Scortecci [fr] based on two syntypes, of which one is lost. It is uncertain whether it is a valid species; it most closely resembles Pelophylax ridibundus and might be its synonym. Habitat and conservation Ecological requirements, distribution, and current population status of this species are unknown. Consequently, it is listed as "data deficient" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glad_Christmas_Tidings"}

2011 live album by Mormon Tabernacle Choir featuring David Archuleta Glad Christmas Tidings was recorded during the Mormon Tabernacle Choir's 2010 Christmas shows in the LDS Conference Center with special guests David Archuleta and Michael York. The album was released on September 6, 2011 along with a concert DVD. The recorded concert was broadcast on PBS during December 2011 to more than 4 million Americans and is the No. 1-rated entertainment program on PBS during the holidays each year, according to PBS CEO Paula Kerger. As of November 2011, the album had sold in excess of 28,000 copies. Track listing Charts Year-end charts

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This list of linear television channels in the United Kingdom refers to television in the United Kingdom which is available from digital terrestrial, satellite, cable, and IPTV providers, with an estimated more than 480 channels. Multi-channel networks British Broadcasting Corporation Channels from the BBC & UKTV, a wholly owned subsidiary of BBC Studios: a Subject to regional variation. b Programming in Scottish Gaelic. ITV plc Channels from ITV Network Limited (a joint venture between ITV plc & STV Group plc): a Subject to regional variation Channel Four Television Corporation Channels from the Channel Four Television Corporation also including channels from The Box Plus Network, a former joint-venture between Channel Four Television Corporation and Bauer Media Group which is now fully owned by Channel 4 Television Corporation with Kerrang, Kiss and Magic brandings under licence: a Advertising regions. Paramount Channels from Paramount and its subsidiaries/partnerships: Sky Group Channels from Sky. Warner Bros. Discovery Channels from Discovery Networks Northern Europe, TBS Europe and BT Sport (A joint venture between WBD and BT): Narrative Capital Channels owned by Narrative Capital (Purchased from Sony Pictures Television): Regional networks Channels broadcast to a limited area (most channels are available to stream online from across the UK): Wales a Subject to regional variation. b Programming in Welsh. Scotland a Subject to regional variation. b Programming in Scottish Gaelic. England a Subject to regional variation. b Programming in Cornish Celtic. Northern Ireland Channels from the Republic of Ireland available in Northern Ireland: a Subject to regional variation. b Programming in Irish. Single-channel and specialist networks General Music News Sport Kids Shopping Adult International networks News General Religion

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Highway_492"}

State highway in Mississippi Mississippi Highway 492 (MS 492) is a state highway in central Mississippi that consists of two separate segments. The western segment runs in the vicinity of Walnut Grove and Golden Memorial State Park. The eastern segment runs much longer and travels from Sebastopol to House, Neshoba County. Route description The western segment of MS 492 begins just outside of the town of Walnut Grove in southern Leake County at MS 35. The road, known as Sylvanus Street, heads east and almost immediately reaches the town limits of Walnut Grove. The highway makes a sharp curve to the north where its name changes to Main Street. MS 492, traveling through the southernmost portion of the town where some businesses exist along the road, reaches an intersection with Chadwick Avenue. MS 878 continues north along Main Street here while MS 492 sharply curves to the southeast along Chadwick Avenue, passing more businesses. The road heads into a more wooded area as it passes the closed Walnut Grove Correctional Facility and exits the town limits. Crossing into Scott County, the road heads generally east along rolling hills, passing the entrance to Golden Memorial State Park. After the park entrance, state maintenance of the road ends and the road simply becomes known as Damascus Road. Just over four miles (6.4 km) to the east of the end of the previous segment, MS 492 resumes in the town of Sebastopol at the intersection of MS 21 and MS 487. MS 492 heads southeast along Main Street mostly heading past houses. The road exits Sebastopol and Scott County by crossing into Newton County. Heading east, MS 492 travels through a mix of woods and open fields. It skirts the Neshoba County line before entering the town of Union along Jackson Road. Crossing a railroad at-grade, the state highway travels through the center of town where it passes businesses, some houses, churches, and the northern terminus of MS 489. Towards the east side of town, MS 492 crosses MS 15. It then travels in a more northeasterly direction, crossing into a rural Neshoba County. MS 492 crosses the divided MS 19 and then heads into the unincorporated community of House. It passes a store and some service stations before reaching an intersection with County Road 298 (CR 298) and CR 4300 in the community. State maintenance of the road, thus the formal end of the state highway, ends just before the intersection. Three segments of MS 492 have formal memorial designations: Blue Star Memorial Highway within the corporate limits of Union, Robert L. Holliman Memorial Highway between Union and MS 19, and Fire Chief Mickey Lewis Yates in western Newton County. History The first segment of MS 492 that was created was between Sebastopol and Union in 1950 along an unimproved road. The road had been fully paved by 1953. It was extended to the west to Walnut Grove (by traveling south along a portion of MS 21 from Sebastopol) and to the east to House in 1957. Between 1965 and 1967, the segment west of Sebastopol was removed from the state highway system, however a portion of it in the immediate vicinity of Walnut Grove was restored by 1977. The highway has generally remained the same since. A extension of MS 492 further west has been proposed in Leake County since the late 1950s. It would begin at MS 487 near Tuscola and travel east through the Tuscolameta Creek valley before ending at MS 35 north of Walnut Grove. The future segment to-date remains a part of the state highway segment. Major intersections

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Earth_(journal)"}

This version of Mother Earth was an anarchist periodical aimed at the discussion of progressive issues. It was in circulation among people in the radical community in the United States from 1933–1934. The first issue of Mother Earth journal was published in 1933. It borrowed its title from the original magazine of that name by Emma Goldman and others, which was published from 1906 to 1917. The couple John G. Scott and Jo Ann Wheeler were the editors of all seventeen issues of Mother Earth journal, which they published until 1934. The first sixteen issues were printed in Craryville, New York. Scott and Wheeler printed the final issue after leaving Craryville to live and teach in the Ferrer Colony and Ferrer Modern School, where their two children attended school. Scott was a teacher of nature studies for about five years. Wheeler was an art and reading teacher in the Modern Schools for seventeen years. In addition to teaching and publishing the journal Mother Earth, the couple farmed a small piece of land in East Taghkanic, New York, following the guidelines of Thoreau's Walden. The Ferrer Colony and Modern School of Stelton, New Jersey, a free school to which Scott and Wheeler moved, were established following the assassination of Francisco Ferrer, founder of the original Escuela Moderna in Spain (1909) The Francisco Ferrer Association, established in the east coast of the United States by Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman and other anarchists, led to the formation of Modern Schools in many parts of the United States. These anarchist leaders published the original Mother Earth magazine until August 1917, after Goldman was jailed for speaking against the draft and against the participation of the United States in the First World War. Wheeler stated to her son, Jon Thoreau Scott, and granddaughter, Nina Scott Frisch, that her journal was named after Goldman's to honour the original Mother Earth and the work of earlier anarchists. During its publication, the original Mother Earth magazine was a major periodical of the anarchist movement. The Craryville version Mother Earth was primarily written and edited by Scott and Wheeler, with illustrations by Wheeler. It included contributions from leading anarchists of the time, including Tom Bell, Laurance Labadie and Carl Nold. Articles debated political issues of the time, including Marxism versus Anarchism, free schools, freedom of speech, and workplace organizing through the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and other unions. Other topics included organic and collective farming. The journal described the methods of farming used and way of life in rural upstate New York during the 1930s, and includes discussions from meetings of the United Farmers Protective Association, the National Farmers Holiday Association, and similar organizations.

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Otu Udofa, professionally known as Lemmy Jackson, is a Nigerian music producer who produced songs for many prominent Nigerians artists of the 1980s. He produced Wait for Me a duet by Onyeka Onwenu and King Sunny Adé, he also worked with Alex O, the Mandators, Tera Kota and Ras Kimono. Life Jackson was educated at QIC Primary School, Eket and at the Etinan Institute. He later studied Metallurgy in Russia before moving to England. In London, Jackson worked as a session musician, an encounter with Laolu Akins and his band BLO led to him playing as a keyboardist for BLO. His career took off in 1981 after he was hired as an in-house producer by Pail Aifuwa, a businessman who had founded a new record label, Time Communications in Lagos. At Time, he produced Oby Onyioha's record I Want To Feel Your Love and also Tonight, Jackson's debut album. In addition, Jackson performed production duties on Christy Essien-Igbokwe's Ever Liked My Person. Both his record and that of Onyioha were recorded at Haruna Isbola's Phondisk Studio in Ijebu-Ode and as was common in that era it was sent to London for mixing. Jackson later joined EMI and got into producing reggae records. He was a session musician and producer on Ras Kimono's What's Gwan? and produced Tera Kota's Lamentation of Sodom in 1984. He also contributed production wise to The Mandators third album Rebel and also produced Majek Fashek's Send Down the Rain

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryavan"}

Place in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan Baryavan is a village in Badakhshan Province in north-eastern Afghanistan.

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Species of moth Neocalyptis ladakhana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in India (Jammu and Kashmir). The wingspan is about 12 millimetres (0.47 in). The ground colour of the forewings is yellow-brown, strigulated with brown. The markings are brown. The hindwings are pale grey-brown.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward_Walcott"}

Naval officer and politician 1790–1868 Admiral John Edward Walcott (1790–1868) was a British naval officer and politician. Life He was born the third son of Edmond Walcott Sympson, of Winkton, Hampshire. He joined the Royal Navy in 1802 as a First Class volunteer on HMS Blenheim in which he sailed to the West Indies. He then transferred in 1804 to the newly commissioned HMS Lively, which in company with Medusa, Indefatigable and Amphion captured three Spanish bullion ships and sank a fourth in the action of 5 October 1804. He then sailed under his friend Sir Samuel Hood on a number of different ships until Hood's death in 1814, taking part in the second Battle of Copenhagen in 1807. Promoted to signal-lieutenant on HMS Centaur in 1808 he was involved in the capture and burning of the 74-gun Russian ship Vsevolod off Rager Vik, the Russian naval base in Estonia. In 1823, commanding HMS Tyne and in company with HMS Thracian, Walcott was sent in search of pirate ships off the coast of Cuba and discovered the Zaragozana, a notorious pirate schooner, which they captured after a gunfight, along with the survivors of the pirate crew. The latter were subsequently hanged. He became a Member of Parliament for Christchurch in 1852. He was advanced to the rank of Admiral on the Retired List on 1 May 1863. Family Walcott married, in 1819, Charlotte Anne, daughter of Colonel John Nelley of the Bengal Artillery, and had a son, the clergyman Mackenzie Walcott, and two daughters. Sources

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L. sylvestris may refer to:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parish_of_Belardery"}

Belardery located at 32°46′54″S 148°00′04″ is a cadastral parish in Kennedy County New South Wales.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythris_scopolella"}

Species of moth Scythris scopolella is a species of moth of the family Scythrididae. It is found from the Iberian Peninsula, north to Belgium, east to Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, and Italy. It is also found in Bulgaria and on Crete. Adults are on wing from May to the end of June. They are active during daytime. The larvae feed on Tortula muralis, Helianthemum, Hypericum, Sedum, and mosses growing on walls.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham_City_Hall_station"}

Gresham City Hall station is a MAX light rail station in Gresham, Oregon. It serves the Blue Line and is the 24th stop eastbound on the eastside MAX branch. Located at the intersection of NW Division Street and NW Eastman Parkway, the station includes a park-and-ride lot. It is near the Gresham Station retail development, and is next to the new Gresham City Hall, which moved to its current location after MAX opened. The station was located in TriMet fare zone 4 from its opening in 1986 until September 1988, and in zone 3 from then until September 2012, at which time TriMet discontinued all use of zones in its fare structure. In 2017, work on an extensive renovation of the then-31-year-old station began on January 23, and the station was scheduled to close completely for six weeks, beginning on February 26, 2017. The station reopened on April 2, 2017. Bus service As of September 18, 2022[update], this station is served by the following bus lines:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelurillus_quadrimaculatus"}

Species of spider Aelurillus quadrimaculatus, is a species of spider of the genus Aelurillus. It is native to India and Sri Lanka.

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Actor and former American football player (born 1969) Matthew Joseph Willig (born January 21, 1969) is an American actor and former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League. Early life and education Willig was born in La Mirada, California. He played football and basketball at St. Paul High School (Santa Fe Springs, California). He played college football at the University of Southern California as a member of the 1989 Rose Bowl winning team. He was a public administration major. Professional football career Willig played 14 years for the New York Jets, Atlanta Falcons, Green Bay Packers, St. Louis Rams, San Francisco 49ers, and Carolina Panthers. Willig was on the winning St. Louis Rams team in Super Bowl XXXIV, and on the Carolina Panthers' team in Super Bowl XXXVIII. Acting career Willig portrayed Special Agent Simon Cade in season eight of NCIS until the first episode of season nine (airdate 20 September 2011). In 2009, he had a supporting role as a brutish caveman tormenting Jack Black and Michael Cera in the motion picture Year One. He appeared as a gang member named Little Chino on the Showtime series, Dexter (2007). He has appeared as a bodyguard named Yuri on the NBC series Chuck, and also has appeared in an episode of My Name is Earl entitled "Bullies". He also appeared in a season 7 episode of Malcolm In the Middle, as Crash, a recovering alcoholic, and had a small role in the 1993 Hong Kong action movie, Full Contact. He appeared in a minor role in iCarly as a truckdriver named "Sledghammer". He made another guest appearance on The Suite Life on Deck as a genie in season 2 episode 22. On Sonny with a Chance in the "Sonny Get Your Goat" episode, he appeared as "Limo", the mode of transportation to Tawni's motel room in a foreign country, and appeared in the Disney XD show Pair of Kings. Willig also had a supporting role in the second episode of Terriers. He played Mike Drake in the critically acclaimed independent thriller The Employer. He also appears in the 2013 film A Resurrection. In 2011, he was on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, as Billy Abbott's bodyguard, "Tank". More recently he played One Eye, a Mexican drug dealer, in We're The Millers and Gregorek in NBC's series Grimm. In 2014, he appeared in Season 1 of Brooklyn Nine-Nine as Brandon Jacoby (Season 1, episode 14 : "The Ebony Falcon"). In 2015, Willig had a recurring role as Lash in the third season of the science fiction television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. He also played former NFL player Justin Strzelczyk in the film Concussion. In 2019, Willig played a Black Satan gang member named Creep in Rob Zombie's film 3 from Hell. Willig voiced Juggernaut in the Marvel game Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions. In February 2021, he appeared as André the Giant in the NBC comedy series Young Rock. Willig has acted in numerous national commercial campaigns, including a Capital One spot with David Spade, a Bud Light spot, and as an action hero in a Halls commercial. Personal life Willig was raised Catholic. He supported the NOH8 Campaign in opposition to California Proposition 8, which made same-sex marriage illegal in the state of California. He criticized "the complete hypocrisy that goes on with the Church, and their stance on gays", and that he had "evolved into feeling that equality and treating everyone the same is the utmost important thing". Despite his disagreement with the Church's stance on same-sex marriage, he was still a practicing Catholic as of 2012. Willig has two daughters. Filmography

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenneria_pustulata"}

Species of gastropod Jenneria pustulata, common name the Jenner's cowry or pustulated cowry, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, one of the families of cowry allies. Description The shells of this common species reach on average 15–27 millimetres (0.59–1.06 in) in length. The shape is usual spindle-like or oval. The dorsum surface is decorated with numerous brilliant orange-red bumps or pustules (hence the Latin name pustulata) surrounded by a dark ring. The basic color of the dorsal surface is grey, beige or brown. The fine labial teeth are prominent, their color is white or pale brown, and they cross the entire base, with dark brown spaces in between. In the living animals the mantle is greyish, with long tree-shaped sensorial papillae. Distribution This species occurs in California, the Gulf of California in Western Mexico, Nicaragua, West Panama, Ecuador, Peru Costa Rica and the Galapagos. Habitat These sea snails live in tropical to temperate waters at low tide to subtidal levels, and are usually found on coral reef or rocks. They feed by night on stony corals (mainly Pocillopora species in the order Scleractinia), and rest during the day. Importance This snail have been demonstrated to have significant effects on coral mortality on some Pacific reefs. High predation by this corallivore gastropod was observed in July 2011 at a reef in the northern Gulf of California. Porites panamensis corals were infested by 15 to 40 sea snails per colony. This sea snail is nocturnally active and hides during the day (Glynn, 1985), but during the immersions, individuals were always on the top of the coral colonies, moving and feeding at midday, as Paz-García and colleagues were found. These observations indicates a change in the daily pattern of movement and feeding of this snail in the reef. Despite high density of J. pustulata on the reef, no soft corals were observed as damaged by the sea snail, but only stony corals were infested.

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Unorganized territory of Carlton County, Minnesota, US Clear Creek is an unorganized territory in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States, located near Holyoke. The population was 118 at the 2000 census.[citation needed] Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the unorganized territory has a total area of 36.6 square miles (94.8 km2), of which 36.5 square miles (94.4 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.4 km2) of it (0.44%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 118 people, 48 households, and 33 families residing in the unorganized territory. The population density was 3.2 people per square mile (1.2/km2). There were 132 housing units at an average density of 3.6/sq mi (1.4/km2). The racial makeup of the unorganized territory was 96.61% White, and 3.39% from two or more races.[citation needed] There were 48 households, of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.82.[citation needed] In the unorganized territory the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 4.2% from 18 to 24, 38.1% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 136.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 125.0 males.[citation needed] The median income for a household in the unorganized territory was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $40,833. Males had a median income of $41,250 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the unorganized territory was $29,610. There were no families and 3.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 10.0% of those over 64.[citation needed]

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Serapis_(1779)"}

Two-decked British Royal Navy fifth-rate (1779–1781) HMS Serapis was a Royal Navy two-decked, Roebuck-class fifth rate. Randall & Brent built her at Greenland South Dockyard, Rotherhithe and launched her in 1779. She was armed with 44 guns (twenty 18-pounders, twenty 9-pounders, and four 6-pounders). Serapis was named after the god Serapis in Greek and Egyptian mythology. The Americans captured her during the American War of Independence. They transferred her to the French, who commissioned her as a privateer. She was lost off Madagascar in 1781 to a fire. American War of Independence Serapis was commissioned in March 1779 under Captain Richard Pearson. On 23 September she engaged the American warship USS Bonhomme Richard under the command of Captain John Paul Jones in the North Sea at Flamborough Head, England. At the time of this battle, the ship carried 50 guns, having an extra six 6-pounders. The two vessels exchanged heavy fire and Bonhomme Richard lost most of her firepower, but by attaching the two ships together, Jones was able to overcome much of Pearson's advantage of greater firepower (although the Bonhomme Richard was a larger ship with a considerably greater crew). The famous quote, "I have not yet begun to fight!" was Jones's response to Pearson's premature call for Bonhomme Richard to surrender. The battle raged on for three hours as the crew of Bonhomme Richard tenaciously fought Serapis, raking her deck with gunfire. Eventually, USS Alliance, a frigate in Jones's squadron, began firing at both the attached ships indiscriminately. Bonhomme Richard began to sink, but Captain Pearson, unable to aim his guns at the frigate because he was tied to Jones's ship, surrendered, handing Serapis over to the Americans. Aftermath Jones sailed to the neutral Dutch Republic, but diplomatic complications arose because the Dutch authorities did not recognize the United States. Jones renamed his capture Serapis. An improvised Serapis flag was secretly entered into the Dutch records to avoid the charges of piracy. Serapis and her consort, HM hired armed ship Countess of Scarborough, were later declared as French captures. Although the two British vessels had lost the battle, they had succeeded perfectly in protecting the very valuable convoy, and both captains were well rewarded. Loss of Serapis Between October and December 1779 Serapis was in the Texel. By September 1780 she was probably at Lorient. The French Royal Navy commissioned Sérapis, and loaned her to a civilian master named Roche who planned to use the ship against the British in the Indian Ocean. On 31 July 1781, Sérapis was at Madagascar, trading spirits and arak for rice, when the load master, lieutenant de frégate L'Héritier, had candles taken out of their fire-proof lanterns. The candles ignited alcohol vapour in the hull. The crew fought the fire for two and a half hours, but the flames eventually burned through the walls of the spirit locker and reached a powder magazine. The resulting explosion ripped the stern off the ship, sinking her. While eight men lost their lives, 215 people survived. The privateer Daliram returned them to Île Sainte-Marie, Madagascar. Discovery of the wreck In November 1999, American nautical archeologists Richard Swete and Michael Tuttle located the remains of Serapis at Île Sainte-Marie. Citations and references Citations References External links Coordinates: 17°00′09″S 49°50′31″E / 17.00250°S 49.84194°E / -17.00250; 49.84194

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaine-Montaigut"}

Commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France Glaine-Montaigut (French pronunciation: ​[ɡlɛn mɔ̃tɛɡy]) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platensina_sumbana"}

Species of fly Platensina sumbana is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Platensina of the family Tephritidae. Distribution Indonesia.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notonomus_hopsoni"}

Species of beetle Notonomus hopsoni is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Sloane in 1923.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbinedion_University"}

Private university in Edo State, Nigeria Igbinedion University, Okada (IUO) is a privately owned university in Nigeria (West Africa). It was founded and established on 10 May 1999, following the Certificate of approval by the Federal Government of Nigeria with the Certificate No. 001. Thus, Igbinedion University became the first licensed Private University in Nigeria and the foundation students arrived at Okada on Friday 15 October 1999. The University is located at Okada, headquarters of Ovia North-East Local Government Area, Edo State. The university was founded by Sir Gabriel Osawaru Igbinedion CFR, a philanthropist, and a Chief in Benin. Both the graduate and undergraduate programs of the University are accredited by the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the relevant professional bodies. Colleges The university is made up of seven Colleges namely: It also has an enrolment of over 5000 students across the seven colleges. The University was headed by Late Professor Anthony Uyekpen Osagie who was appointed the first Substantive Vice-Chancellor who served from 29 October 1999 to 30 November 2003, and Professor Nduka Uraih served as the Deputy Vice Chancellor from 2000 till 2003 and as Acting Vice Chancellor from December,2003 to 11 September 2004. On 13 September 2004 Rev. Professor Eghosa Osaghae assumed duty as the second substantive Vice Chancellor till June 2018, Prof. Lawrence Ezemwonye assumed the office of the Vice-Chancellor and hence Prof. Ezemwonye became the third vice-chancellor in the university's existence. The University has recorded several landmark achievements including being the first Private University to produce medical doctors in Sub-Saharan Africa. The institution is devoted to developing and strengthening the academic programs offered in the various colleges to meet international standards and preparing them for accreditation by the National Universities Commission (NUC), the federal agency that has responsibility for quality assurance and maintenance of standards, and the relevant national regulatory professional bodies. The latter bodies include the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria, MDCN (Medicine), Council of Legal Education (Law), Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria, COREN (Engineering), Computer Professional Council of Nigeria (Computer Science), and Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, ICAN (Accounting). The accreditation of all the programs including medicine, law, engineering and accounting by these bodies confirms the high quality of academic programs offered by the university. Also, more than 60% of its first degree graduands yearly proceed for postgraduate studies abroad with a high success rate and commendation according to its Vice-Chancellor during the institution's convocation ceremony in November 2013. Quite early in its life, and in line with its vision of being an internationally competitive university, IUO identified external linkages and networking with (older and mentoring-capable) universities and development partners as strategic to the realization of its goals. By March 2007, the university had established linkages with the University of Westminster (UK) in the areas of staff development, diplomatic studies and ICT and Howard University, USA (telemedicine and teleconferencing), and was finalizing an exchange programe with East Carolina University (USA) in the area of global development. The university was admitted into full membership of the Global University Network for Innovation (GUNI) based in Barcelona, Spain, the European Association for International Education, EAIE, and the Network Towards Unity for Health (Maastricht, the Netherlands) amongst other external affiliations. It was also part of the Consortium of Development Partnerships, CDP, a conglomerate of universities, research institutions, governments and development partners in North America, Europe and West Africa. IUO’s Centre for Presidential Studies coordinated and continues to coordinate Module 8 of the CDP’s project on Local Contexts of Conflict and Peace-building in West Africa which involves researchers from Ghana, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, the Netherlands and Nigeria. Academic Programs Faculty and departments College Of Health Sciences College of Pharmacy College Of Engineering College of Arts and Social Sciences College Of Natural and Applied Sciences College Of Business and Management Studies College Of Law Reputation The University has produced over 10,000 graduates in various undergraduate and post-graduate courses. Since its inception in 1999 working at reputable firms within and outside Nigeria. It has also secured funding from various individuals and bodies like the Central Bank of Nigeria, which funded the construction of an ultra-modern library for the school and Air Marshall Paul Dike, former Chief of Air Staff who donated a complex. Notable alumni

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_FM"}

Former Australian radio network Sea FM was an Australian radio network, consisting of stations in Queensland and NSW owned by Southern Cross Austereo. Some Sea FM stations were later sold to meet media ownership requirements. Prime Television Limited purchased Sea FM Townsville in Queensland and Grant Broadcasters purchased Sea FM stations in Devonport and Burnie in Tasmania. All Sea FM stations currently owned by Southern Cross Austereo except Cairns, Mackay and Rockhampton / Gladstone, are part of the Hit Network after Southern Cross Media merged with Austereo. History The Sea FM brand name and logo was created by Gold Coast Broadcasters for one station 90.9 Sea FM after the Gold Coast was granted a new commercial FM licence. 90.9 Sea FM began broadcasting in 1989 with programming consulted by Austereo. The original Sea FM on-air line-up was a strong team of experienced Announcers, many having made their name previously in capital city radio including - Craig Bruce (FOX FM) & Sammy Power, Ian 'Lofty' Fulton (4IP), Grahame "Durry" Rodgers (2SM & 2NX), Sue Moses (2MMM & Channel 10), Gregg Easton (2UW & 4BK), Joe Miller (3XY & EON FM), Dean Miller and Simon Franks. In the same year the Gold Coast's existing AM station 4GG was granted permission to convert to FM as 92.5 4GGG (later KROQ). In the early 1990s Gold Coast Broadcasters purchased KROQ and also Sunshine Coast Broadcasters' 92.7 Mix FM on the Sunshine Coast in 1995. The Sunshine Coast's 91.9 Sea FM was subsequently launched as a supplementary licence. Gold Coast Broadcasters later became known as RG Capital with financial backing provided by Australian Media Tycoon Reg Grundy. With the further purchase of existing radio stations and the launch of newly granted supplementary FM licences, RG Capital expanded the Sea FM brand name and logo throughout Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. In 2004, RG Capital sold their regional stations to Macquarie Regional RadioWorks (now Southern Cross Austereo). Following RG Capital's purchase by Macquarie Regional Radioworks, RG Capital's FM stations in Victoria were rebranded to Star FM. In 2013, the Grant Broadcasters owned and operated 99.7 Sea FM in Scottsdale, Tasmania dropped the Sea FM branding and relaunched as Chilli FM, bringing it in line with sister station 90.1 Chilli FM Launceston. Also in 2013, Southern Cross Austereo offloaded both Sea FM and Mix FM on the Sunshine Coast to EON Broadcasters who paid $17.7million for the stations in a forced sale following a technical breach which occurred in 2011, when the Austereo and Southern Cross networks merged. The merger resulted in the same company owning too many radio assets in a region where two markets (Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast) overlapped, prompting the Australian Communications and Media Authority to force the company to sell two of its assets. In February 2016, Southern Cross Austereo owned and operated 100.9 Sea FM in Hobart, Tasmania dropped the Sea FM branding and relaunched as Hit 100.9, bringing it inline with other stations to the Hit Network. It was announced in September 2016, that all Sea FM stations would be rebranded in December 2016 to hit branding. However, the company decided that the flagship Sea FM station on the Gold Coast & Sea FM Central Coast in Gosford would retain the Sea FM name but adopted the brand and feel of the Hit Network, including the elements of the Hit logo (like Fox FM & 2Day FM). While Sea FM in Maryborough dropped the name in favour of hit101.9 Fraser Coast, the station in Bundaberg retained the name of Sea FM as changing to Hit Network branding, such as hit93.1, would have been too similar to Hitz939, the existing Grant Broadcasters station in Bundaberg which has been broadcasting to the Wide Bay region since 1993. The Sea FM station on the Sunshine Coast also retained the Sea FM branding, as it is no longer part of the Southern Cross Austereo network and therefore didn't partake in the Hit Network re-branding. On 12 July 2019, SCA announced the Gold Coast’s Sea FM would rebrand becoming Hit90.9 from 29 July 2019, bringing all their remaining Sea-branded stations under the 'Hit' brand. In August 2021, Hit90.9 was rebranded back to Sea FM. Programming The network's stations are aimed at the under 40's section of the market, playing Top 40 and popular music. Most stations provide local breakfast and daytime programming, and also include a variety of networked programmes. Current Sea FM branded stations Queensland Tasmania Former Sea FM-branded stations New South Wales Queensland Tasmania Victoria

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Wayfinder_System"}

The Pittsburgh Wayfinder System is a series of directional and destination signs installed throughout the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania meant to guide travelers to popular destinations and services. The system is designed for easy mapping of neighborhood-to-neighborhood routes with the intent of creating a coherent pattern of travel in the city. History In 1993, city leaders asked Informing Design, a Pittsburgh-based design firm, to create a sign system for Pittsburgh's notoriously confusing network of streets. The signs were designed by Bob Firth, the founding principal of the firm. Since its implementation in 1995 and 1996, the system has been actively maintained and expanded to reflect additions and changes in Pittsburgh's road system. Composition The Pittsburgh Wayfinder System is composed of more than 1,500 traffic signs, and nearly all of the city's eighty neighborhoods are covered by the system. The system divides the city into five regions and assigns each a color: The dark blue stripes on the Wayfarer map symbol indicate the Ohio, Monongahela, and Allegheny Rivers, which form the main navigational landmarks for the city. The signs are maintained by the City of Pittsburgh Department of Engineering and Construction. Signage The system is made up of two types of sign: "Exit-Finder" signs, which provide directional assistance, and "Site-Finder" signs, which denote particular destinations. The system also includes a "Purple Belt" for easy navigation in the downtown area, as well as directional signs to hospitals and parking facilities. Exit-Finder signs The dark blue background of Exit-Finder signs serve to differentiate them from the majority of Pennsylvania guide signs, which typically have a green background. When an Exit-Finder sign is located in the same zone as the destination, the background of the sign matches the color for that zone, and an arrow in the dark blue band at the bottom of the sign points the way to the destination. If destination in question is in a different zone than the one in which the sign is located, a color-coded stripe on an Exit-Finder sign denotes this fact. A variation on the sign occurs when the directional sign gives information on highways or roads, without pointing to a specific destination. These signs have the dark blue background, but do not include the Wayfinder symbol. The diagram to the right demonstrates an Exit-Finder sign, with the Wayfinder map symbol and a color-coded stripe. Site-Finder signs Site-Finder signs are found directly in front of their locations. The background of the sign matches the color of the region, and a star indicates that the destination has been reached. Purple Belt The Purple Belt is the innermost colored belt in the Allegheny County belt system, running through downtown Pittsburgh. Unlike the other belts, however, it was established in 1995 along with the Wayfinder System. The Purple Belt sign has the blue background of other Exit-Finder signs, and the purple dot matches the color of the downtown region. The belt travels in a loop on four two-way streets—Stanwix Street, Fort Duquesne Boulevard / 11th Street, Grant Street and Boulevard of the Allies. (In the counter-clockwise direction, it follows Smithfield Street and 4th Avenue to bypass the left turn from Boulevard of the Allies onto Grant Street, which is prohibited at certain times.) This lies inside the area bounded by the Allegheny River, Interstate 579, Interstate 376 and Interstate 279. Parking and hospital signs The Wayfarer system also features signs that point to parking or hospitals. Parking signs have a "P" for parking, while hospital signs have an "H". The background colors of these signs match the color code for the region. Notes and references Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pittsburgh Wayfinder System. Notes References

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamai"}

Mongol general and kingmaker Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, Tatar: Мамай, romanized: Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker for several khans, and dominated parts or all of the Golden Horde for a period of almost two decades in the 1360s and 1370s. Although he was unable to stabilize central authority during a period of civil war, Mamai remained a remarkable and persistent leader for decades, while others came and went in rapid succession. His defeat in the Battle of Kulikovo marked the beginning of the decline of the Horde, as well as his own rapid downfall. Origins Unlike the khans of the so-called Golden Horde, Mamai was not a descendant of Genghis Khan and his son Jochi, but belonged to the powerful Mongol Kiyat clan, which claimed descent from Mugetu Kiyan (Mūngdū Qayān), an older brother of Genghis Khan's father Yesugei Baghatur. While they served the rulers of the Golden Horde from at least Batu Khan, the Kiyats may have risen in importance after the fall of the rival khan Nogai in 1299. Abandoning Nogai in favor of the legitimate khan, Toqta, Aq-Buqa Kiyat enjoyed the favor of the khan and his successor, and served as one of the chief emirs. Another Kiyat, Isatai, was entrusted with governing the former ulus of Orda in the eastern part of the Golden Horde, by Öz Beg Khan. Isatai's son Jir-Qutluq and the latter's son Tingiz-Buqa enjoyed the same position under the next khans, Jani Beg and Berdi Beg. Specific information about Mamai's immediate origins is very limited, but his father is named as Alash Beg (possibly Ali Beg), probably the son of Tuluq-Timur Kiyat, and therefore possibly the brother of the aforementioned Isatai. At least part of the clan may have been ensconced in the Crimea, perhaps since the early 14th century, before several Kiyats appeared as governor on the eastern periphery of the Golden Horde. The date of Mamai's birth can be estimated only generally, to somewhere in the mid-to-late 1320s. At birth, he appears to have received the Muslim name Muḥammad, sometimes paired with the nickname Kičik ("little"), perhaps due to his short stature. Whether "Mamai" is a variation of that name or an additional, "folk" name, remains unclear. Rise to Power Mamai became an emir during the reign of Jani Beg (1342-1357). After the governorship of Crimea at Solkhat had been held by a member of a different family in 1349-1356, it seems to have been conferred on Ali Beg, perhaps Mamai's father. He died soon after, and the governorship was given to his brother, Qutluq-Timur. He appears to have died by 1359, and the governorship was entrusted to a member of another clan, Qutluq-Buqa of the Kungrat, a brother of the chief emir (beglerbeg) Mogul-Buqa. Mamai appears to have resented this apparent slight, and left the capital Sarai with his dependents and clansmen, to assert himself locally in and near the Crimea. Troubled by this desertion and possibly already threatened by a rival claimant to the throne (Qulpa), Khan Berdi Beg (1357-1359) apparently recalled Mamai to the court and named him chief emir (beglerbeg). Moreover, perhaps at this time Berdi Beg gave his daughter in marriage to Mamai. Although the explicit reference to the marriage by Ibn Khaldun only refers to the princess by title (Ḫānum), she has been plausibly identified as Tulun Beg Khanum, whom Mamai would later briefly elevate to the throne, and who would later yet marry Tokhtamysh Khan. Perhaps in keeping with tradition within the Golden Horde, Mamai (like Edigu after him) does not appear to have taken the title of Güregen, commonly taken by men marrying women descended from Genghis Khan. According to the contemporary traveler Ibn Khaldun, Mamai was now in charge of all government, while Russian chronicles note him sending emissaries to Moscow. Kingmaker after the death of Berdi Beg The sudden (and probably violent) death of Berdi Beg in August 1359, and the resulting accession of Qulpa undermined Mamai's position of supremacy at court. Under Qulpa and his successor Nawruz Beg, Mogul-Buqa became beglerbeg again, confirming Mamai's exclusion from power at court, although his precise position and relations with the khans remains unclear. Still in control of at least part of the warriors associated with the Kiyat tribe, Mamai was apparently too powerful to eliminate. Until 1361, moreover, he may have had a formidable ally in his cousin governing the former Ulus of Orda. The elimination of Mamai's cousin, Tingiz-Buqa, by the local khan Qara-Noqai, may have threatened to undermine Mamai's safety and impelled him to act proactively. The murder of Khiḍr Khan, a descendant of Jochi's son Shiban, and the struggle among his kinsmen and rivals for possession of Sarai in 1361 gave Mamai the opportunity to do so. Since Mamai was not a descendant of Genghis Khan and Jochi in the male line, he assumed the role of kingmaker, promoting and supporting Jochid khans of his own choosing from a base in the Crimea and the western portion of Golden Horde. With Mamai's help, these khans sought to establish themselves at the capital Sarai, albeit with intermittent success. The precise origin of Mamai's protégés is nowhere stated clearly, and there has been a tendency to consider them descendants of Batu Khan. Nevertheless, the purge of the ruling family perpetrated by Mamai's father-in-law Berdi Beg in 1357 makes such identifications unlikely. A more plausible hypothesis identifies Mamai's puppet khans with a cluster of suitably-named princes listed among a "Crimean" branch of the descendants of Jochi's son Togai-Timur in the genealogical compendiums Muʿizz al-ansāb and Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah. If this identification is accepted, Mamai's protégés as khans were as follows: Mamai and the Civil War in the Golden Horde After briefly supporting the impostor who pretended to be Kildi Beg, son of Jani Beg, Mamai proclaimed his own khan, ʿAbdallāh, in the Crimea in 1361, and succeeded in installing him at Sarai in 1362. However, later the same year ʿAbdallāh was ejected from the city by Murād (or Mürid, 1362-1363), a brother of the former ruler Khiḍr Khan. He was expelled by Khayr-Pūlād (or Mīr-Pūlād, 1363-1364), and he by ʿAzīz Shaykh (1364-1367). All three were descendants of Jochi's son Shiban. Mamai's inability to hold Sarai in 1362 is possibly to be attributed with his preoccupation with his western front, where the Lithuanians had inflicted a defeat on the representatives of the Golden Horde at the Battle of Blue Waters. Despite some territorial losses, Mamai was able to curb the Lithuanian advance. This allowed him to regroup in the Crimea, suppress local opposition (by besieging Solkhat), and eventually to make another attempt on Sarai. In 1367 Mamai took advantage of (and possibly engineered) the murder of Khan ʿAzīz Shaykh to reinstall Khan ʿAbdallāh at Sarai. However, Mamai was unable to enjoy his success for long. His rival Ḥājjī Cherkes, ruler of Astrakhan, struck at Mamai's power base in the Crimea, forcing him to leave Sarai and rush home. Meanwhile, Ḥājjī Cherkes proclaimed a khan of his own, Ūljāy-Timur, a descendant of Jochi's son Toqai-Timur, and advanced on Sarai. Khan ʿAbdallāh was once more expelled from the capital, and Ūljāy-Timur was enthroned there by Ḥājjī Cherkes in 1368. Mamai now repaid his rival in kind, attacking Ḥājjī Cherkes' power base Astrakhan. While Ḥājjī Cherkes was distracted with defending Astrakhan, his protégé Ūljāy-Timur lost the throne of Sarai to Ḥasan Beg (1368-1369), a nephew of the earlier khan Khayr-Pūlād, and thus a descendant of Jochi's son Shiban. Mamai was determined to recover control of Sarai. He captured and executed the exiled Ūljāy-Timur and in 1369 managed to expel Ḥasan Beg from the city, once more enthroning Khan ʿAbdallāh. When the latter died in 1370, Mamai seems to have hesitated before making ʿAbdallāh's young son Muḥammad-Sulṭān khan, at least at Sarai. Accordingly, in 1370-1371 he had Sarai recognize as reigning queen, Tulun Beg Khanum, apparently Mamai's wife, the daughter of Khan Berdi Beg. Meanwhile, Mamai's Crimean headquarters already coined in the name of Muḥammad-Sulṭān. After suppressing opposition in Volga Bulgaria with the help of Dmitrij of Suzdal', Mamai felt secure enough to proclaim Muḥammad-Sulṭān khan at Sarai the end of 1371 or the beginning of 1372. Mamai's success once again proved ephemeral. Perhaps during Mamai's absence, in 1373, Sarai attracted a new conqueror, Urus Khan, another descendant of Jochi's son Tuqa-Timur, who had become ruler of the former Ulus of Orda in the eastern portion of the Golden Horde. Urus appears to have ejected Mamai's protégé Muḥammad-Sulṭān from Sarai, only to lose the city immediately (if he ever held it at this point) after failing to dislodge Ḥājjī Cherkes from Astrakhan. This rivalry allowed another descendant of Shiban, Khayr-Pūlād's brother Īl Beg, to seize Sarai briefly in 1374. Mamai returned to Sarai, defeating and expelling Īl Beg, and reinstalling Muḥammad-Sulṭān in 1374. No sooner had Mamai succeeded in this task, that he was again forced to attend to a crisis on the western frontier, where the Lithuanians and Wallachians had defeated one of his lieutenants. As in 1362, his rapid response met with some success, but in the process he lost control of Sarai: Muḥammad-Sulṭān was expelled by again by Urus Khan in 1374. He lost the city in his turn in 1375, to Qāghān Beg, the son of Īl Beg. Qāghān Beg subsequently yielded the throne of Sarai to his cousin ʿArab Shāh, son of Khayr-Pūlād, in 1377. Finally, in 1380, ʿArab Shāh was forced to yield Sarai to Tokhtamysh, the eventual nemesis of both Urus Khan and Mamai. After the ejection of Mamai's protégé Muḥammad-Sulṭān from Sarai in 1374, apart from a possible brief occupation of the city in either 1375 or 1376, Mamai and his puppet khans no longer controlled the traditional capital of the Golden Horde. Nevertheless, they still exercised authority in the lands north, west, and south of the city, and in 1375 Mamai was able to have his khan recognized at Astrakhan, following the death of his old rival Ḥājjī Cherkes. Mamai's attempt to retain suzerainty over the Russian princes, however, was successfully challenged and undermined by the new Khan ʿArab Shāh, who in 1378 defeated and killed Mamai's subordinate ally Tagai, the governor of Mokhshi. Continued reverses in Volga Bulgaria and Russia (see below) threatened Mamai's position, and perhaps because of this he disposed of his puppet khan Muḥammad-Sulṭān and replaced him with a new protégé, Tūlāk, by February 1379. Mamai and Overseas: Mamluks and Italians During the 1370s, Mamai reestablished the traditional friendly relations between the Golden Horde and Mamluk Egypt, on behalf of his khan. Closer to home, he was in frequent diplomatic contact or armed conflict with the Italian merchant colonies in the Crimea and, more generally, the northern shores of the Black Sea. The rivalry between Venetians and Genoese exacerbated the difficulties involved in these relations. When the Venetians of Tana supported Kildi Beg as khan, Mamai punished their leadership, including the Venetian consul Jacopo Corner. Subsequently, he sought to improve relations with them by granting them a lower tribute in a diploma issued in the name of his khan, ʿAbdallāh, in 1362. Later, in 1369, Mamai lowered the Venetian tribute even more, restoring the amount paid before the wars between Öz Beg and Jani Beg and the Italians. Mamai, moreover, allowed the Venetians to build fortifications at Tana: they built a small fortress in 1370, which they expanded in 1375, to protect themselves from their Genoese rivals. Mamai's interactions with the Genoese appear to have been more frequent. In the early 1370s the relations were peaceful, and in 1374 Mamai himself was received with honor in Genoese Caffa. To maintain his good relations with the Genoese, Mamai went as far as to ignore their seizure of Soldaia from the Prince of Gothia, one of his vassals. After his loss of Sarai in 1374, Mamai became more concerned about these Genoese gains in the Crimea, confiscated Soldaia and other settlements that had been taken over by the Genoese, and proceeded to fortify his administrative center at Solkhat. Mamai may have shown favor to the Pisan colony at Porto Pisano on the Don, on the north coast of the Sea of Azov. Mamai and Lithuania Perhaps to offset the economic influence of the Italian merchants, Mamai also granted diplomas to merchants from Polish Cracow in 1372 and from its rival, Galician L'vov, in 1379. Relations with Lithuania, ruled by Algirdas (1345-1377) and Jogaila (1377-1434) were dominated by diplomatic and military concerns. On at least two occasions, in 1362 and 1374, Mamai lost control over Sarai, because he and the bulk of his forces had to rush to the western frontier to oppose Lithuanian advances from the northwest. Although for the most part he managed to stem these advances, Mamai lost territory to Lithuania, most notably the Podolia following the Lithuanian victory at the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362. The influence or overlordship of the Golden Horde in Moldavia also ended about this time, the principality becoming autonomous, albeit under Hungarian and Lithuanian influence. While the Lithuanians were exploiting the troubles within the Golden Horde to their advantage, Mamai appears to have attempted to do the same during the competition for power within Lithuania after the death of Algirdas in 1377 between his brother and son: in 1380 the Lithuanian prince Aleksandras Karijotaitis fell in battle against the Mongols. Algirdas' son Jogaila eventually decided that he needed Mongol support against his uncle, and sent an envoy to Mamai to make peace and arrange for an alliance between them. Mamai could benefit from his new Lithuanian alliance to keep the Russians in line, especially as the prince of Moscow, also grand prince of Vladimir became increasingly recalcitrant and refused to pay his heavy tribute in silver to the Mongols. Military operations and raids for plunder yielded limited results. Although some other Russian princes did continue to pay their tribute (most notably that of Tver'), Mamai sought alternatives to make up for the lost influx of silver. One was to use gold obtained in long distance trade with India to mint coins for commerce with the Italians. Attempts to control the Principalities of Rus' Early in his political career, Mamai may have assisted the in the diplomatic initiative that secured the liberation of the Metropolitan Aleksej from Lithuanian captivity, and his return to Moscow in 1360. Even while ejected from Sarai in 1363, Mamai, in the name of his puppet khan ʿAbdallāh, sought to secure the service and tribute of the Russian princes, and to that end he came to an arrangement with Dmitrij of Moscow and the Metropolitan Aleksej, lowering the amount of tribute owed to the khan; the prince of Moscow was also confirmed in his possession of Rostov. The rival khan Murād accordingly invested another Russian prince, Dmitrij Konstantinovič of Suzdal', as grand prince of Vladimir. Similarly, Mamai and Khan ʿAzīz Shaykh supported rival claimants for the throne of Nižnij Novgorod in 1365; in this instance, Mamai supported Dmitrij Konstantinovič, who subsequently helped Mamai subdue opposition in Volga Bulgaria in 1370. The struggle for supreme authority in the Golden Horde thus presented the Russian princes with both challenges and opportunities. In 1370, Mamai shifted his favor from Dmitrij of Moscow (who had failed to assist Mamai's cause in Volga Bulgaria) to the prince of Tver' Mihail Aleksandrovič, who was duly invested as grand prince of Vladimir. Dmitrij did not yield the grand princely throne, and in fact attacked Mihail as he was returning from Sarai, forcing him to flee to his brother-in-law Algirdas of Lithuania. Although the Lithuanians took up Mihail's cause and besieged Moscow in December 1370, the siege was lifted by the arrival of Dmitrij's allies. The Lithuanians returned home, while Mihail went to Sarai to seek Mamai's help. He received a second investiture with the grand princely throne of Vladimir in early 1371, but was refused entry into Vladimir by the inhabitants. Dmitrij ignored Mamai's instructions to submit to Mihail, but soon presented himself before Mamai with gifts, and secured his own confirmation as grand prince of Vladimir. In effect, Mamai had forced the princes of Moscow and Tver' to bid for the throne of Vladimir with gifts, which enriched Mamai and his followers. This opportunistic policy did not, however, solidify Mamai's control over the Russian princes, and in 1373 Dmitrij of Moscow assumed an ambivalent attitude during Mamai's raid into the lands of Rjazan'. Mamai lost the cooperation of the Russian princes, and especially Dmitrij of Moscow, after his loss of Sarai in 1374. Dmitrij may have felt the need or opportunity to refuse Mamai's demands for tribute, as his influx of silver from Hanseatic trade in the Baltic declined, while the Golden Horde was apparently impacted by an outbreak of plague. Emboldened by the attitude of Moscow, Nižnij Novgorod arrested and beat Mamai's envoys in 1374. Mamai retaliated by raiding the lands of Nižnij Novgorod and sacking Novosil' in 1375; he also invested Mihail of Tver' with the title of grand prince of Vladimir once again. Dmitrij immediately besieged Tver' and secured Mihail's renunciation of the elusive claim, while signing a defense pact against the Mongols. By 1376, most Russian princes transferred their obedience to Qāghān Beg and his cousin ʿArab Shāh, serving them in a punitive expedition in Volga Bulgaria. When the Russian princes helped themselves to local wealth without authorization, they risked the khan's wrath, and in 1377 the Moscow and Nižnij Novgorod joined forces to defend themselves against their new overlord. But while ʿArab Shāh prepared to engage them, and in the absence of the Muscovite forces, Mamai intervened (assisted by the Mordva), defeated the Nižegorodians at the P'jana river, and then sacked and burned Nižnij Novgorod in 1377. Unwilling to see his overlordship over the Russian princes pass back to Mamai, ʿArab Shāh raided through Suzdalia and sacked Rjazan'. Three final defeats: Vozha, Kulikovo, Kalka In 1378, Mamai dispatched an army under several emirs against Rjazan', which had not yet recovered from the raid of ʿArab Shāh the previous year. Oleg Ivanovič, the prince of Rjazan' was unable to offer resistance, but Dmitrij of Moscow decided to oppose the Mongols. As they were crossing the Voža river on 11 August 1378, the Mongols were beset on three sides by the Muscovites, defeated, and turned to flight. The battle was Dmitrij's first victory against the Mongols, and resulted in heavy losses among the Mongol warriors and even commanders. Humiliated and irritated, Mamai led another raid on Rjazan', once more sacking the city. Perhaps trying to recover his position by diplomacy, Mamai next showed favor to the Muscovite candidate for the newly vacant metropolitan throne, Archimandrite Mihail, granting him a diploma from the khan in February 1379, long before he could be appointed metropolitan by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. The friendly gesture did not yield the desired results, and Mihail perished during the sea voyage from Caffa to Constantinople. Mamai also made one more attempt to turn the Russian princes against each other, sending a renegade Muscovite boyar to incite Mihail of Tver' against Dmitrij of Moscow; the plan failed when he was recognized and arrested at Serpuhov, to be publicly executed in Moscow at the end of August 1379. His other plans having failed, Mamai sent an ultimatum to Dmitrij of Moscow, demanding that the grand prince submit and pay an increased tribute to Mamai's new khan, Tūlāk. Dmitrij failed to accede to the demand, and Mamai prepared for war. He sought out the support of Jogaila of Lithuania and was also assured of the cooperation of Oleg Ivanovič of Rjazan'. While Mamai was still gathering his forces (including mercenaries from Transcaucasia and Genoese Crimea), an alliance of Russian forces under Dmitrij of Moscow, excluding the princes of Tver' and Rjazan', crossed southward into Mongol territory in an anticipatory advance. Abandoning their usual defence strategy, the Russian forces suddenly attacked Mamai's army on 8 September 1380 at Kulikovo Field on the banks of the Neprjadva river near the Don. Mamai's mercenaries were perhaps poorly coordinated, although they offered determined resistance. Mamai's puppet khan failed to reach safety and was forced to fight, perishing in the engagement. Much of Mamai's force failed to engage before a Russian ambush regimen turned the tide of the battle definitively in Dmitrij's favor. Mamai's forces routed and he fled the battlefield, leaving it in the hands of Dmitrij, who was later called Donskoj ("of the Don") in memory of his victory. While Mamai was concentrating on Russian affairs, a descendant of Jochi's son Togai-Buqa named Tokhtamysh was rising to power in the east. Having already challenged his cousin Urus Khan, he sought the protection and support of Timur (Tamerlane), and then proceeded to replace Urus' sons as ruler of the former Ulus of Orda by 1379. In early 1380, Tokhtamysh was able to advance on Sarai and to obtain the submission and abdication of Khan ʿArab Shāh. The advance of Tokhtamysh, and his continued success (he conquered Astrakhan later in 1380), sabotaged Mamai's hopes of avenging his defeat at Kulikovo. Mamai was now forced to oppose Tokhtamysh on the Kalka River. Perhaps at the head of larger and better-rested forces, Mamai could hope for victory. However, he now lacked a legitimate khan to use as his protégé, and at any rate Tokhtamysh had already begun to suborn some of Mamai's emirs. In the resulting battle, many of Mamai's commanders deserted to Tokhtamysh together with their troops. Mamai fled the battlefield with his remaining loyal supporters, but lost his harem and much of his possessions to the victor. Death Mamai and his retinue made their way to the Crimea. Mistrusting the loyalty and ability of his governors there, Mamai decided to seek refuge in Genoese Caffa. However, fearing the wrath of Tokhtamysh, the city's commune refused to admit Mamai within the walls. Still pursued by Tokhtamysh's agents, Mamai now headed to his old headquarters at Solkhat. Here, too, he was refused admittance: the population and the governor, Qutluq-Buqa, did not want to provoke Tokhtamysh. Besides, the governor hoped to preserve his position under the new ruler, while the populace resented the heavy taxes Mamai had levied to fortify the city. At the end of 1380 or the beginning of 1381, the agents of Tokhtamysh caught up with Mamai outside Solkhat and killed him. Nevertheless, he was given an honorable burial by order of Tokhtamysh. The death of Mamai paved the way for Tokhtamysh to attempt the reunification of the Golden Horde. Purported descendants: Princes Glinskie Mamai's son Manṣūr Kiyat entered the service of Tokhtamysh; his son Aleksandr, who had converted to Christianity, entered the service of Vytautas of Lithuania and was made prince of Glinsk with multiple estates around the modern city of Poltava (Ukraine). This is supposed to have occurred in the early 15th century, although the first documented mention of the Glinski princes dates to 1437. Mihail L'vovič Glinskij was the most illustrious member of the family: he studied at the German university, took part as a knight in the Italian Wars, was the most powerful man in Lithuania in the 16th century, but later rebelled and ran away with his brothers to Muscovy and helped the Russians to retake the city of Smolensk. His niece Elena Glinskaya was married to Vasilij III of Moscow, and Ivan the Terrible was their son.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sts._Ingenuin_and_Albuin_Church"}

Sts. Ingenuin and Albuin Church (Slovene: Cerkev sv. Ingenuina in sv. Albuina) is a Catholic church located in the village of Koroška Bela, in the municipality of Jesenice in northwestern Slovenia. The church is dedicated to St. Ingenuin and St. Albuin, bishops of Säben Abbey from the 6th and 10th centuries respectively. History The predecessor of the current building was a Gothic church also dedicated to the two saints, as is the chapel of nearby Bled Castle, which dates from roughly the same time frame. Consecration was on 26 April 1361; the altar of Saint Acacius (Slovene: Sv. Ahac) was dedicated the next year by John, bishop of Urbin and papal vicar general. Due to defilement of the church by Turkish raiders, the altar was reconsecrated on 2 October 1486 by Ljubljana bishop Žiga the noble Lambergar. In 1584, during the Reformation, local Lutherans came into conflict with ecclesiastical authorities, some confrontations apparently taking place in the church. The protestant minority was subsequently expelled from the area. In 1691, the church was granted special rights. By 1752, the building had grown dilapidated as well as too small, and a decision was reached to replace it, with what would become the present church. Experts believe the architect was one Matija Perski. Collection of funds began immediately; loans were extended by the churches at Blejska Dobrava, Rečica (now part of Bled), and Kupljenik pod Babjim Zobom. In addition to popular contributions, the then-parish church in Jesenice made a gift. The ironworking facilities in Javornik were unable to help due to their own difficulties. The old church was demolished in 1754; the year is marked on the keystone of the main portico. Construction took seven years, and was sufficiently far along that consecration was planned for the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul of 1761 when - two days beforehand, on 27 June 1761 - the entire village of 60 houses burned down, including the church. Reconstruction took ten years; the new church was finally consecrated on 3 September 1771 by Ljubljana Bishop Johann Karl von Herberstein. In 1788, the church was granted greater privileges. Due to another disaster, a massive landslide in 1789, furnishing the new church had to be deferred. The only new element commissioned was the baroque altar of St. Ahac, kept fairly modest due to circumstances. Records describe it as a humble wooden structure with statues of the two patron saints in niches, and an oil painting of the saints before lake Bled overhead. The side altar of the Virgin of the Rosary was the work of Ignacij Arer (1776, restored around 1867). The ceiling was decorated by an unknown artist in 1828, but required repairs by 1858, performed by painter Matevž Goričnik. The 16-station Way of the Cross was the work of Alojzij Goetzl from Kranj. An organ was purchased from Kropa manufacturer Ignac Zupan, but was - due to poor quality - replaced in 1893 by a Gorščič organ, still there today. In 1875, the Koroška Bela parish was established, as a suffragan of Jesenice parish; St. Ingenuin and St. Albuin's became the parish church. Amid the effort to equip it properly, however, the church was struck by another calamity: on June 2, 1875, the building was struck by lightning, killing the priest Valentin Plemlj and starting a fire which destroyed the bell tower and roof. The village spent several years making external repairs, then returned to the project of beautifying the interior. In 1903 the current altar painting was purchased, the work of the artist Kaestner from Tirol. In 1906, the old and damaged wooden altar was replaced with a marble one carved by A. Rovšek of Ljubljana, and marble communion tables were added. In 1916, due to the need for raw materials for the war effort, Austro-Hungarian soldiers removed the bells; one year later, on August 14, 1917, the village and church were badly damaged and set alight by an Italian air raid. The extent of the devastation was such that it took six years to rebuild the bell tower, and longer to fix the roof. Some of the repairs were temporary, with decades needed before a permanent fix; other traces of damage were never fully addressed and are still evident. To date, the tower and roof have had to be rebuilt four times each. During the 1920s, the interior frescoes were repainted by Matej Sternen. The current bells were blessed on 16 November 1986, while the facade of the church was restored in 1990. The fifth consecration of the altar of St. Ahac was on February 8, 1998.

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Ponnekal is a village in Khammam district, Telangana, India.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_McCargo_Jr."}

Aaron McCargo Jr. (born July 22, 1971) is an American chef, television personality, and television show host who is best known as the winner of the fourth season of the Food Network's reality television show, The Next Food Network Star. Early life and education McCargo was born and also grew up in Camden, New Jersey, and is one of six children. He became interested in cooking at age four, when he began baking cakes in his sister's Easy-Bake Oven. He began cooking in his family's kitchen at age seven. He was encouraged by his father, Aaron McCargo, Sr., who is a fine cook, and his mother, Julia, who has a preference for food with a great deal of flavor. He first studied cooking in a home economics class at Pyne Poynt Middle School in Camden, and began cooking as a Junior Volunteer in the kitchen of Cooper University Hospital in Camden at age 13. He took further cooking classes at Camden High School, graduating in 1989. He attended the Academy of Culinary Arts at Atlantic Cape Community College in Mays Landing, New Jersey, but did not complete the program, leaving after one year to assist his mother with the rearing of his brothers. Professional life Following his graduation from high school, McCargo took a month-long cake cooking class at Wilton Cake in Audubon, New Jersey, and began selling cakes and cookies throughout Camden. He has worked in nine restaurants in New Jersey (some while doing on-the-job training during his year at the Academy of Culinary Arts at Atlantic Cape Community College), including T.G.I. Friday's, Steak 38, Holmes Lounge, the Marlton Tavern, and the former Harbour League Club in Camden, and the Armadillo Steakhouse & Saloon in Edgewater Park, as sous chef; he also worked at the Armadillo Steakhouse & Saloon in Barrington. Aaron was introduced to the Burlington County area when he opened Citrus in Westampton Township with Ian Russo. He opened his own restaurant, McCargo's Creative Cuisine, in 2003. The restaurant was located across from the U.S. Federal Courthouse on Cooper Street, near Rutgers University in Camden, and closed in 2005. He has worked as an executive chef, including at the catering division of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, where he oversaw approximately forty jobs per day. He left his job there on June 6, 2008 due to his demanding television schedule. In 2008, McCargo entered the fourth season of Food Network's The Next Food Network Star at the urging of his wife. He beat out 3,990 other entrants as the winner of that year's competition, the finale of which aired on July 27, 2008. He was awarded a six-episode commitment for his own cooking show on Food Network. His show, Big Daddy's House, premiered on August 3, 2008 and ended June 18, 2011 with a total of 76 episodes. The show was ranked as the number one “in the kitchen” weekend show during its initial six-episode run. McCargo also was one of the contributing chefs to assist host Jon Taffer in saving various bar/restaurant establishments across America on the reality television series Bar Rescue during seasons 2-6. Well known cable shopping network, QVC, announced on Wednesday, September 16, 2020 during its "In the Kitchen with David" show that Aaron McCargo would be joining the on air staff representing the Cook's Essentials line of products. His QVC debut was on Sunday, September 20, 2020. Personal life McCargo lives in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. He has a Catholic background. His wife is named Kimberly (née Cosby) and they have three children. McCargo has a strong Christian faith and is a member of The Living Hope Christian Center in Pennsauken Township, New Jersey. He enjoys playing tennis and watching boxing, as well as playing the drums and listening to music.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermrigen"}

Municipality in Switzerland in Bern Hermrigen is a municipality in the Seeland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. History Hermrigen is first mentioned in 1249 as Hermeringen. The oldest trace of a settlement in the area are scattered Stone Age (probably Mesolithic) items which were found at Schönbrünnefeld. A Hallstatt era grave mound has been found in the Hermrigenmoos-Holehölzli. A few Roman era artifacts were also found around the municipality. During the Middle Ages a number of Ministerialis (unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) or knightly families owned land or rights in the village along with Frienisberg Abbey. In 1335 the Knight Ulrich von Sutz sold his land in Hermrigen to the Count of Neuchâtel-Nidau. In 1398, the city of Bern acquired the lands of the Counts, including Hermeigen. Under Bernese rule it was combined with the village of Merzligen-Niklaus to form the court of Hermrigen. That organization remained until the reorganization following the 1798 French invasion. The village is part of the parish of Täuffelen. The Jura water correction projects of 1868 to 1891 helped drain many of the marshes outside the village. Drainage projects in 1925-33 and 1977-89 helped open up additional farmland. A primary school was built in 1971 and is shared with the municipality of Merzligen. Today about two-thirds of the working population commutes to jobs in nearby towns and cities. Geography Hermrigen has an area of 3.42 km2 (1.32 sq mi). As of 2012, a total of 1.73 km2 (0.67 sq mi) or 50.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.45 km2 (0.56 sq mi) or 42.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.26 km2 (0.10 sq mi) or 7.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and 0.01 km2 (2.5 acres) or 0.3% is unproductive land. During the same year, housing and buildings made up 4.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.3%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 39.5% is used for growing crops and 9.1% is pastures, while 2.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. The village of Hermrigen is located on the main road between Bern, Aarberg and Biel. It is on the southern edge of the Oberholz woods, between Lake Biel and the Bernese Seeland. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Nidau, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Seeland. Coat of arms The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Sword in pale Argent hilted and pommed Or between two Oak Leaves of the last. Demographics Hermrigen has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 307. As of 2010[update], 3.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 4.1%. Migration accounted for 2.8%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.4%. Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (253 or 97.3%) as their first language, French is the second most common (3 or 1.2%) and Italian is the third (1 or 0.4%). As of 2008[update], the population was 50.4% male and 49.6% female. The population was made up of 119 Swiss men (48.4% of the population) and 5 (2.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 119 Swiss women (48.4%) and 3 (1.2%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 91 or about 35.0% were born in Hermrigen and lived there in 2000. There were 104 or 40.0% who were born in the same canton, while 37 or 14.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 10 or 3.8% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2011[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 15.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 23.4%. As of 2000[update], there were 97 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 141 married individuals, 10 widows or widowers and 12 individuals who are divorced. As of 2010[update], there were 31 households that consist of only one person and 6 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 108 apartments (93.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 2 apartments (1.7%) were seasonally occupied and 6 apartments (5.2%) were empty. As of 2010[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 8.1 new units per 1000 residents. In 2011, single family homes made up 57.1% of the total housing in the municipality. The historical population is given in the following chart: Politics In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 57.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (18.7%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (10.2%) and the FDP.The Liberals (4.9%). In the federal election, a total of 105 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.7%. Economy As of  2011[update], Hermrigen had an unemployment rate of 0.68%. As of 2008[update], there were a total of 72 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 32 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 11 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 4 businesses in this sector. 29 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 9 businesses in this sector. There were 144 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.4% of the workforce. In 2008[update] there were a total of 54 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 22, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 10 of which 2 were in manufacturing and 8 were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 22. In the tertiary sector; 2 or 9.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3 or 13.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 6 or 27.3% were in education. In 2000[update], there were 28 workers who commuted into the municipality and 102 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 42 workers (60.0% of the 70 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Hermrigen. Of the working population, 13.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.3% used a private car. In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Hermrigen making 150,000 CHF was 12.8%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.9%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 122 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 32 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There was one person who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 40, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Hermrigen was 113,153 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF. In 2011 a total of 1.6% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government. Religion From the 2000 census[update], 208 or 80.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 17 or 6.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.77% of the population). There was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 20 (or about 7.69% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 12 individuals (or about 4.62% of the population) did not answer the question. Education In Hermrigen about 61.5% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 12.2% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 22 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 68.2% were Swiss men, 31.8% were Swiss women. The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship. During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 51 students attending classes in Hermrigen. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 12 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 16.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had one primary class and 33 students. Of the primary students, 3.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 6.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 6 students. There were 16.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. As of  2000[update], there were a total of 72 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 18 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 54 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 12 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

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Russian paraglider The Paraavis Tango is a Russian single-place paraglider, designed and produced by Paraavis of Moscow. Introduced in the 2000s, it remained in production though 2016. Design and development The aircraft was designed as a beginner glider, suitable for school use for flight training. Variants Tango 19 Extra small-sized model for very light pilots. Its 9.66 m (31.7 ft) span wing has a wing area of 19.01 m2 (204.6 sq ft), 42 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.9:1. The take-off weight range is 54 to 70 kg (119 to 154 lb). The glider model is not certified. Tango 22 Small-sized model for light-weight pilots. Its 10.1 m (33.1 ft) span wing has a wing area of 21.98 m2 (236.6 sq ft), 42 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.9:1. The take-off weight range is 62 to 80 kg (137 to 176 lb). The glider model is not certified. Tango 24 Small-sized model for light-weight pilots. Its 10.8 m (35.4 ft) span wing has a wing area of 23.8 m2 (256 sq ft), 42 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.9:1. The take-off weight range is 70 to 90 kg (154 to 198 lb). The glider model is not certified. Tango 26 Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its 11.30 m (37.1 ft) span wing has a wing area of 26.02 m2 (280.1 sq ft), 42 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.9:1. The take-off weight range is 75 to 95 kg (165 to 209 lb). The glider model is not certified. Tango 28 Mid-sized model for medium-weight pilots. Its 11.7 m (38.4 ft) span wing has a wing area of 28 m2 (300 sq ft), 42 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.9:1. The take-off weight range is 80 to 104 kg (176 to 229 lb). The glider model is AFNOR Standard certified. Tango 31 Large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its 12.33 m (40.5 ft) span wing has a wing area of 30.99 m2 (333.6 sq ft), 42 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.9:1. The take-off weight range is 90 to 120 kg (198 to 265 lb). The glider model is not certified. Tango 34 Extra large-sized model for heavier pilots. Its 12.81 m (42.0 ft) span wing has a wing area of 33.51 m2 (360.7 sq ft), 42 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.9:1. The take-off weight range is 100 to 130 kg (220 to 287 lb). The glider model is not certified. Tango 36 Very large-sized model for much heavier pilots. Its 13.29 m (43.6 ft) span wing has a wing area of 36.00 m2 (387.5 sq ft), 42 cells and the aspect ratio is 4.9:1. The take-off weight range is 105 to 135 kg (231 to 298 lb). The glider model is not certified. Specifications (Tango 28) Data from Bertrand General characteristics Performance

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Boylen"}

GB & England international dual-code rugby footballer Francis "Frank" Boylen (December 1878 – 3 February 1938), also known by the nickname of "Patsy", was an English rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England and Durham, and at club level for Hartlepool Excelsior, Hartlepool Old Boys, Hartlepool Rovers and West Hartlepool R.F.C., and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Hull F.C. (two spells, including the second as World War I guest), York and Hull Kingston Rovers as a forward (prior to the specialist positions of; prop, hooker, second-row, loose forward), during the era of contested scrums, Background Frank Boylen was born in Hartlepool, County Durham, and he died aged 59 in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Playing career International honours Frank Boylen won caps for England (RU) while at Hartlepool Rovers, and/or West Hartlepool R.F.C., in 1908 against France, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland, and won caps for England (RL) while at Hull in 1909 against Australia, and Wales, in 1910 against Wales, and won a cap for Great Britain (RL) while at Hull in 1909 against Australia. County honours Frank Boylen won caps for Durham (RU) while at Hartlepool Rovers, and/or West Hartlepool R.F.C., winning the rugby union County Championship title in 1905, and 1907 (title shared with Devon Rugby Football Union), and played for Durham (RU) in the 3–16 defeat by New Zealand (The Original All Blacks) at Durham Ground on 7 October 1905, and the 4–22 defeat by South Africa (1906–07 South Africa rugby union tour) at Hartlepool on 6 October 1906. Challenge Cup Final appearances Frank Boylen played as a forward, i.e. number 10, in Hull FC's 0–17 defeat by Wakefield Trinity in the 1909 Challenge Cup Final during the 1908–09 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 24 April 1909, in front of a crowd of 23,587. Club career Frank Boylen played in the combined Hartlepool Clubs 0–63 defeat by The Original All Blacks at Hartlepool Rovers' ground on 11 October 1905. Outside of rugby Frank Boylen worked at the British Oxygen Company (BOC) in Kingston upon Hull. Genealogical information Frank Boylen's parents John and Mary (Morgan) were Irish. Frank Boylen married Florence Maud Mary King at Holy Trinity Church, Hartlepool, on 28 December 1902. He had two sisters, Nellie born 1885 and Mary born in 1879 and a brother, James, born in 1887. The 1881 census shows the family living at 8 Fox Street in Hartlepool. 1891 Census showed the brothers as being in Hartlepool workhouse. The couple had five children: Frank (1903), Florence (1905), Doris, Vera and Eric (died age 3). They also brought up Florence's sisters children: Jane, George and Florence Barningham.

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North Shore, Nova Scotia may refer to:

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River in Brazil The Bonito River is a river of Goiás state in central Brazil.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step_It_Up_and_Dance"}

Step It Up and Dance is an American reality television competition series where contestants are supposed to "learn what it takes to make it big in the cutthroat dance industry". Actress and dancer Elizabeth Berkley serves as host, and director and choreographer Jerry Mitchell mentors the 12 dancers chosen from around the country as they learn a variety of dance styles. Director and choreographer Vincent Paterson and choreographer Nancy O'Meara serve as judges for the competition. The show premiered on April 3, 2008 on Bravo. Contestants (in order of elimination) Eliminations Blue background and WIN means the dancer won that challenge. Red background and OUT means the dancer lost and was out of the competition. Light blue background and HIGH means the dancer had one of the highest ratings for that challenge. Pink background and LOW means the dancer had one of the lowest ratings and was in the bottom three for that challenge. Orange background and LOW means the dancer was in the bottom two for that challenge. Yellow background and WD means the dancer withdrew from the competition. Episodes Episode 1: A Scary Surprise The dancers arrive in Los Angeles and unknowingly begin the competition by dancing in a nightclub. Based on their performance in the nightclub, the dancers are divided into a winning group and losing group. Both groups perform in front of the judges, with one member of the winning group winning immunity for the next week and one member of the losing team going home. Both teams performed to the Spice Girls song, "Spice Up Your Life". Notable events include Jessica running off the stage during the winning group's performance, Adriana getting eliminated, and Nicole leaving the show due to an injury. Jessica was told that if she weren't on the winning team, she would be immediately eliminated. Episode 2: Baring It All The dancers perform the French Apache. To separate the dancers into winning and losing groups, they had to demonstrate their skills with a partner while displaying the drama and character the dance requires. Notable highlights include Jessica redeeming herself, Janelle being told that immunity was the only thing that saved her elimination, and Michael is unanimously voted as the weakest link of the losing team but he still manages to make it through to the next challenge. At this point, Michelle is the only dancer to have been in the winning group both times. Episode 3: Battle Zone The dancers are taught hip-hop techniques. After performing, guest judge Dave Scott selected three crew leaders based on their performance. After learning a routine, each team faced off against each other. After the face-offs, Red Everest was voted as the winning group, while Breakin Blues and BT Slam were the elimination groups. Episode 4: Gotta Have Rhythm The dancers learned stomp techniques from Luke Cresswell. The winning team performed a stomp routine with trash cans and the elimination team performed a stomp routine with brooms. Episode 5: Major League Broadway Episode 6: Modern Meltdown Winning teams and elimination teams are no more as everyone is eligible for the win and the elimination. In the audition, two teams of three were formed. The first team consisted of Cody, Michelle, and Nick. The second team consisted of Janelle, Michael, and Miguel. For the callback performance, the two teams had to create their own dance to Gwen Stefani's "The Sweet Escape". Episode 7: Perfect Partners The eliminated competitors return to compete with those remaining in a Latin-themed dance. As an added challenge, the judges inform the contestants that one of the eliminated dancers will have a chance to return to the show, potentially knocking someone else out of the competition. Notable highlights include Oscar returning and no one being eliminated. Episode 8: Dancing in the Rain The dancers have a lesson in music video choreography under the watchful eye of guest judge Tina Landon. In the audition, contestants have to learn Landon's choreography for Rihanna's song "Umbrella". For the callback performance, two teams (under the leadership of audition winners Nick and Cody) have to choreograph their own dance segments to coordinate with the dance they learned earlier. Episode 9: Finale, Part 1 The dancers are challenged to choreograph Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror". Episode 10: Finale, Part 2 The dancers take part in a final challenge and perform their solos for the judges. Challenge Group Song: "Labels Or Love" by Fergie Finale Solo Song: "It's Over" by TJ Moss Reception The series premiere was Bravo's highest-rated in the 10PM time slot ever, with 826,000 viewers, among whom 574,000 were aged 18 to 49. The show continued to perform well throughout its run, averaging 756,000 viewers each week - of whom 522,000 were aged 18 to 49 - and helped contribute to Bravo's highest-rated April ever. There has been no talk of a second season of the show - despite it performing well in the ratings - and its page has been removed from Bravo's website. The series was officially canceled on April 14. Footnotes

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebina_unamae"}

Species of gastropod Zebina unamae is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Zebinidae. Description The height of the shell attains 1.9 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea off Yucatan, Mexico.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus,_Duke_of_Saxony"}

Duke of Saxony Magnus (c. 1045 – 23 August 1106) was the duke of Saxony from 1072 to 1106. Eldest son and successor of Ordulf and Wulfhild of Norway, he was the last member of the House of Billung. Rebellion In 1070, before he was duke, he joined Otto of Nordheim, duke of Bavaria, in rebellion against the Salian Emperor Henry IV. Otto was accused of being privy to a plot to murder the king, and it was decided he should submit to the ordeal of battle with his accuser. The duke asked for safe-conduct to and from the place of meeting. When this was refused he declined to appear, and was consequently deprived of Bavaria, while his Saxon estates were plundered. The rebellion was put down in 1071, and Magnus was captured. Magnus was imprisoned in the castle of Harzburg, the imposing imperial fortress which so inflamed the Saxon freemen. He was not released upon his accession to the Saxon duchy until seventy Swabians captured in Lüneburg were released. First battle of Langensalza In 1073, Harzburg was destroyed and the anger of Henry aroused. He renewed the conflict with Saxony once more. At the first battle of Langensalza in 1075, Magnus was captured again. After being released again, he joined Rudolf von Rheinfeld, duke of Swabia and anti-king, and was present at the Battle of Mellrichstadt (7 August 1078), where he saved Rudolf's life. However, he and the Saxons never fully supported the Swabian Rudolf and he reconciled with Henry, even fighting the Slavs with the royal forces. Legacy Magnus was an embittered enemy of the archbishop of Bremen, Adalbert, whose see he afflicted with repeated plundering raids. In 1106, the same year as Henry IV, he died. His duchy was given to Lothair of Supplinburg and his lands were split between his daughters by Sophia (married 1071), the daughter of Béla I of Hungary, going thus to the house of Welf, via Wulfhilde (1075–1126), who married Duke Henry IX of Bavaria and to the house of Ascania via Eilika (1080 – 16 January 1142), who married Count Otto of Ballenstedt.

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Al-Katib or al-Katib (Arabic: الكاتب) is an Arabic surname that denotes a relationship to a Katib. Notable people with the surname include:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.shop"}

.shop is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) launched in September 2016. Nine companies including Google, Amazon and Famous Four Media filed applications for .shop in the 2012 ICANN new gTLD application round. GMO Registry became the registry operator after prevailing in an ICANN public auction in January 2016. History The idea of a .shop generic top-level domain was around since at least 1999, when an attempt to register it with IAHC was made. Its proposed usage is similar to current endeavors: to provide a dedicated space for ecommerce on the Internet. In 2000, Commercial Connect, LLC requested to operate a .shop registry from ICANN . Commercial Connect's application from 2000 was well-received, but other domains were prioritized. Japan's GMO Registry also expressed interest in the top level domain name space in late 2009, though Commercial Connect was the most vested candidate that had taken prior steps towards attaining delegation. In 2011, Commercial Connect was reported to have the support of ecommerce companies, with its completed application awaiting final approval as of June 2010. To further this support, Richard E. Last of the National Retail Federation and shop.org joined the board in late 2011. When the next application process was opened in early 2012, Commercial Connect founder Jeffrey Smith described his .shop as a "hybrid between general public and specific use" designed to make a "more secure, stable, and intuitive" Internet. He sees the domain as a way to easily indicate sites that use online sales, with the application supported by a community defined by entities that use credit card transactions to sell products. In May 2012, nine applicants including Google, Amazon and Famous Four Media applied to ICANN to operate the .shop registry. Commercial Connect was the only applicant who also applied for the .shop string in ICANN's year 2000 new-TLD round. Applications were also received for the extensions .shopping, .store, .buy, and names with similar meanings in non-Latin languages, and ICANN indicated that they would not create extensions that will confuse users. This so-called "string similarity" is an unresolved issue in the new gTLD process, and is to complement dispute resolution. In January 2016, GMO Registry of Japan prevailed with a winning bid of US$41.5 million.[citation needed]

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_(Malte_novel)"}

The Boy (French: Le Garçon) is a 2016 literary fiction novel by French author Marcus Malte, originally published by Éditions Zulma. It was translated by Emma Ramadan and Tom Roberge and was published in English, in 2019, by Restless Books. The novel follows a nameless feral boy, who travels from Eastern Europe to numerous civilizations in France. On the boy's journey, he becomes entangled in World War 1 and suffers from the loss of loved ones, as well as PTSD from the trench warfare. The novel received two awards following its publication. Plot Summary The novel opens in 1908, with the mute boy, who will remain unnamed by the third-party narrator, taking his dying mother to her final resting place by a lake. After his mother dies, the boy leaves their camp in Eastern Europe. He reaches a hamlet where he is discovered by the villagers. As the villagers debate what to do, the leader of the hamlet, Joseph, along with his son, Louis-Paul (Kazoo), decide that the boy can live in the barns and work in the hamlet. The boy becomes sick, and is nursed back to health by Joseph and Louis-Paul, using the Zapotec healing rituals of Joseph’s deceased wife. They allow him to be part of their family. An earthquake kills the hamlet’s baby. One of the citizens, Eugéne, blames the boy for the death. The boy becomes scared and runs away. While living in the woods, the boy meets a circus strongman and fighter named Ernest Bieule. Ernest’s stage name is Brabek: the Ogre of the Carpatian Mountains. He invites the boy to be his assistant. They travel in a caravan to numerous cities in France, including: Veynes, Eyguians, and Orpierre. Brabek loses a fight for the first time and hangs himself soon after. The boy runs away from the body, taking the horse and caravan. The boy’s caravan crashes into a car outside of Tousses le Noble commune. The car’s driver, Emma Van Ecke, along with her father, Gustave Van Ecke, an apple pomologist and oboe player, live in the commune. With the help of the family doctor, Amédée Theoux, they heal the boy. Emma adopts him as a brother and names him "Félix". From 1911 to 1914, Emma and the boy develop a romantic relationship. The family moves to the Boulevard du Temple in Paris where Emma teaches piano. The boy and Emma collect rare books, such as the Kama Sutra, while they become sexually explorative. The narration flashes to short updates about world events. World War I begins. Gustave enlists and makes the boy enlist for fear that they would be shamed. The boy is taken to the trenches and marches through war-torn and deserted towns; Emma writes him letters. The boy digs graves for many of the soldiers, and becomes close with the ones who have not died. They know him as "Mazeppa". During one advance, the boy kills a German soldier with his shovel. He invades German camps at night and slits the throats of soldiers. His nightly murders result in the nickname, “Angel of Death”. The boy survives but suffers post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emma reunites with the boy in 1916, and they return to Paris. After encountering the boy’s Corporal, the only man who had witnessed the boy's nocturnal killings, from the war nightmares of his murders plague his sleep. Emma becomes sick with the flu and dies. The boy, distraught with grief, destroys the piano and books. He leaves Paris and lives on the streets, until having been caught for stealing or trespassing many times, he is sent to prison. He lives in a series of work camps, first in the middle of an unnamed savanna, then Cayenne, and then Saint Laurent. The boy is eventually released and takes on odd jobs, including as a shoe shiner in Georgetown, a coffee harvester in Minas Gerais, and a porter in Paramaribo. He meets an indigenous tribe in Venezuela and lives with the sorcerer. He joins a nomadic tribe, then follows three Jesuit priests at the Juruena station, and soon he preaches their teachings in the Amazon. Here, he sees an indigenous girl who reminds him of the Zapotec goddess that Joseph believed in. He climbs to the base of the Andes. There, he remembers the people with whom he has forged relationships over the years. After three days he dies. Characters The Boy ("Felix", "Mazeppa"): A mute, feral boy who enters French society only years before the start of World War I, the main character of the novel. Joseph: Leader of the hamlet, a shepherd, and a widower, helps nurse the boy back to health. Louis-Paul ("Kazoo"): Joseph's son, follows the boy around after he arrives in the hamlet. Lucien: A villager in the hamlet, finds the boy sleeping in a kiln. Honorine: The woman who named and took care of Louis-Paul the week after he was born. Eugéne: A villager in the hamlet, skeptical when the boy shows up, blames the boy for the earthquake that happens. Pierre: Another villager in the hamlet, also blames the boy for the death of an infant in an earthquake. Ernest Bieule ("Brabek"): "Ogre of the Carpathians," a stage fighter, invites the boy to be his assistant, teaches him how to fight. Emma van Ecke: A strong-willed pianist who "adopts" the boy as her brother and later becomes his love interest. Gustave van Ecke: Emma's father, an apple pomologist and oboe player, enlists in the war despite his age. Amédée Theoux: The family doctor of the Van Eckes who helps take care of the boy after the car crash. Corporal: One of the few surviving soldiers in the boy's legion, the only soldier to witness the boy on his nightly kills, runs into the boy after the war in Paris. The Wise Man: Private First Class, makes witty remarks to provide the soldiers humor and relief. Structure Author Marcus Malte writes The Boy from a third-person omniscient perspective, using prose writing and extensive descriptions. The novel is divided by time periods in three sections—1910-1914, 1914-1915, and 1916-1938—each of which contains real-world historical events that eventually converge with the boy’s life. In the beginning, the boy is separated from the events of the world around him; the novel references historical people and events that start out unrelated to the boy’s life. As the story goes on, the boy enters World War I, the lines between his reality, and the realities of the rest of the world, begin to blur. The Boy employs a syntax that changes as the story progresses, mirroring the way the boy himself grows. The syntax of the novel is, at first, short and stilted; critics have interpreted this as a reflection of the boy’s state of personal and intellectual growth. As the main character forms more relationships and becomes more involved in society, the sentences become lengthier and more descriptive, mirroring the development of the boy's ability to connect with the people around him. Themes Many themes are addressed in The Boy. In the beginning, the boy wishes to join civilization and find community, presenting a preconceived idea of what it means to be civilized. Later, through vivid descriptions of war, Malte presents to the audience themes on learned wisdom; the harsh situations the boy encounters force him to question the inherent goodness of humanity. The boy experiences polar opposites, love versus hate and life versus death, without forcefully altering his situations. The coming-of-age story, on the whole, presents the universal idea of the meaning of life. Historical Background The Boy takes place in France during the first half of the 20th century and focuses on the boy’s experiences with the First World War. World War I began in August of 1914. By the end of that year, the French government and military powers were coming to terms with the longer than anticipated timeline of the war, resulting in a tense political climate. As the headquarters for the Western Front, France was powered by an abundance of citizens, particularly young men, willing to serve in the war. At the same time, the French economy struggled through the war, and families had to cope with the sudden loss of people in their household. As a result of leaving their families and relationships behind, soldiers turned to writing letters. Almost two billion letters were written during the war, helping the soldiers connect with their relatives and partners while on the front lines. Reception The reception for The Boy has been largely positive. However, certain aspects of the novel have been criticized. The sexual exploration between Emma and the boy has received negative feedback; the portions of the novel where they repeatedly engage in sexual acts have been criticized for using graphic metaphors for sex. Other negative feedback includes criticism for Malte’s depiction of bourgeois society, which has been dismissed as having predictable archetypes. The use of varied syntax in the novel has received mostly positive feedback. Nevertheless, the prose has been called “overworked” and Malte’s style laborious, creating unnecessarily melodramatic characters. Other reviews have criticized the pace of the novel, saying it begins too slowly and monotonously, despite its faster pace later on. The book has also been praised for its many themes: those of growth, loss, pain, war, and human relationships. Malte has been applauded for his puppetry in moving a silent character through a vast array of situations; he has also received positive feedback for the setting of his story, which has been called an “exciting backdrop” for the main characters. Awards Awards include:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Kenya"}

Kenya's railway transport Rail transport in Kenya consists of a metre-gauge network and a new standard-gauge railway (SGR). Both railways connect Kenya's main port city of Mombasa to the interior, running through the national capital of Nairobi. The metre-gauge network runs to the Ugandan border, and the Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway, financed by a Chinese loan, reaches Suswa. Network Specifications The loading gauge for new standard gauge railways in Africa is width: 3,400 mm (11 ft 2 in) the same as the original Shinkansen in Japan; also Korea and China. Allows for 2+3 seating. platform train gap: platform height: carriage floor height: Railway links with adjacent countries Passenger services Passenger service between Mombasa and Nairobi is available on the Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway. A metre-gauge commuter train connects the new SGR Nairobi Terminus to the old station in Nairobi city center. History The Uganda Railway was originally built by the British to provide Uganda with access to the sea. Construction began at Mombasa in 1896 and reached Lake Victoria in 1901. The line was in part nicknamed the Lunatic Line after Henry Labouchère, a member of the British parliament, gave a mocking reply to the current British Foreign Minister support for the project in the form of a poem: What it will cost no words can express, What is its object no brain can suppose, Where it will start from no one can guess, Where it is going to nobody knows, What is the use of it none can conjecture, What it will carry there’s none can define, And in spite of George Curzon’s superior lecture, It clearly is naught but a lunatic line. And partly because of the difficulties encountered during its construction, including man-eating lions that ate about 30 workers before they were finally hunted down and flesh eating maggots. In 1929, the Uganda Railway was merged into Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours, which was then merged into East African Railways and Harbours Corporation (EAR&H) in 1948. EAR&H operated transportation links for Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania until the East African Community was dissolved. Kenya's portion of the railway became the Kenya Railways Corporation. Over the next 30 years, Kenya's railway network deteriorated from a lack of maintenance. By 2017, only half of Kenya's metre-gauge railways remained in operation. In November 2006, the Rift Valley Railways Consortium took over the operation of railways in Kenya and Uganda under a 25-year concession. However, RVR was unable to turnaround railway operations, hampered by corrupt management and aging infrastructure. In 2017, the World Bank found that a $22 million loan extended for the purchase of refurbished locomotives had been diverted into a shell company controlled by RVR executives. The Uganda Railways Corporation issued a notice of default to RVR in 2016, and the Kenya Railways Corporation terminated the concession in April 2017. In 2011, Kenya signed a memorandum of understanding with the China Road and Bridge Corporation to build the Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway (SGR). Financing for the US$3.6 billion project was finalised in May 2014, with the Exim Bank of China extending a loan for 90% of the project cost, and the remaining 10% coming from the Kenyan government. Passenger service on the SGR was inaugurated on 31 May 2017. Work to extend the SGR to Suswa is complete. Map Cities served by rail

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The 2006 Sundance Film Festival was held in Utah from January 20 to 30, 2005. It was held in Park City, with screenings in Salt Lake City; Ogden; and the Sundance Resort. It was the 21st iteration of the Sundance Film Festival. Award winners Juries The juries at the Sundance Film Festival are responsible for determining the Jury Prize winners in each category and to award Special Jury Prizes as they see fit. Film selections Independent Film Competition: Documentary Independent Film Competition: Dramatic World Cinema Competition: Documentary World Cinema Competition: Dramatic Premieres Special Screenings American Spectrum Park City at Midnight Frontier Online Sundance Collection Short films US Dramatic US Documentary US Animated International Dramatic International Documentary International Animated

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