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American football player and coach (1926–2012) Matt Armondo Conte (October 5, 1926 – March 17, 2012) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at St. Bonaventure University in Allegany, New York from 1968 to 1970.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_Oak_Stove_Company"}

The Round Oak Stove Company was founded in Dowagiac, Michigan in 1871 by Philo D. Beckwith. Beckwith cast his first stove around 1867 to heat his struggling foundry and shortly after, the Michigan Central Railroad ordered the heaters for its depots between Detroit and Chicago. By 1871, Beckwith was mainly producing heating stoves, and thus founded the company. The origin of the name Round Oak is unknown. The first theory is that Beckwith stoves were round and could hold a section of whole round oak tree in the firepot. The second theorizes that he named it after a foundry of the same name in England. Round Oak was considered the finest heating stove money could buy because of the quality of its durable heating stove and by the late 1890s there were many “oak” imitators on the market. The company expanded rapidly and at its height in the 1910s, employed 1200 of the 5000 residents in Dowagiac, Michigan. Round Oak's influence on Dowagiac went far beyond its factory grounds. The company sponsored a semi-professional baseball team and the Round Oak Band. Dances were held in Round Oak Hall. P. D. Beckwith died in January 1889, leaving the management of the firm to his son-in-law, Fred E. Lee. In 1892 in memory of P. D. Beckwith, his daughter Kate and son-in-law, Fred Lee built the Beckwith Memorial Theatre in the downtown at Front and Beeson streets. Regarded as one of the finest theatres between New York and Chicago, it hosted such well-known names as William S. Hart, Roland Reed, Robert Mantell and Otis Skinner. The original Beckwith building also contained space used for a bank, city hall and Round Oak Company offices. The busts that decorated the building's exterior included Beethoven, Chopin, Liszt, Emerson, Whitman, Shakespeare, Sarah Bernhardt and Susan B. Anthony. When the building was razed in 1966, the busts were salvaged. Eight are today used in columns standing at the entrance to the Lyons Building at Southwestern Michigan College in Dowagiac. After Beckwith's death, the official company name was changed to The Estate of P.D. Beckwith Incorporated. Most stoves produced after 1890 carry the mark of “Estate of P.D. Beckwith” along with “Round Oak”, which has confused novice collectors as to the original owner of Round Oak stoves – many believing they have purchased a stove actually used by Beckwith himself. The company also added new products, like furnaces and cooking stoves, and introduced a popular mascot around 1900 – Chief Doe-Wah-Jack. Chief Doe-Wah-Jack, a fictional Native American Indian, appeared on most Round Oak Stove Company and Estate of P.D. Beckwith Inc. advertising and stoves until the company's demise in 1946. Chief Doe-Wah-Jack was introduced when, with the spread of the telephone, customers had trouble pronouncing Dowagiac when asking the operator for a connection. Chief-Doe-Wah-Jack remedied that problem by providing the town's phonetic spelling. Poor management and deaths led to the start of Round Oak's decline in 1914. Ormal Beach, the company's first salesman, died that year; Arthur Beckwith, Philo's adopted son and major innovator of Round Oak products over the years, died of tuberculosis; and lastly, veteran employee Arthur Rudolphi left to start his own furnace company after being denied a promotion. In 1915, the Rudy Furnace Company became the first of three Round Oak competitors to open in Dowagiac, followed by Premier in 1920 and Dowagiac Steel Furnace in 1929. Round Oak stayed strong into the 1920s and survived the Great Depression, though greatly damaged. World War II government contracts helped the company stay afloat, but once the war ended, Round Oak was in ruins. The company stopped producing stoves in 1946 and in 1947, sold its buildings to Kaizer-Frazer for the production of automobile engine parts. The Round Oak name was sold to Peerless Furnace, which continued to make repair parts for furnaces and stoves. The complex of Round Oak buildings on Spaulding Street now house Ameriwood Furniture. Today, a small collection of Round Oak Stoves is displayed within the offices of the Greater Dowagiac Chamber of Commerce and Downtown Development Authority, located within the historic Dowagiac train depot. The Estate of P.D. Beckwith Inc. and Round Oak Stove & Furnace Company artifacts are collected worldwide today. The Dowagiac Area History Museum on West Railroad Street, in Dowagiac, Michigan has the largest public collection of Round Oak heating stoves in the world. The museum's vast collection includes (in addition to stoves) artifacts related to P.D. Beckwith's grain drill and early stove business, advertising, company ledgers and papers, workers’ implements and many one-of-a kind pieces.[citation needed]

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qarchak_County"}

County in Tehran province, Iran County in Tehran, Iran Qarchak County (Persian: شهرستان قرچک) is in Tehran province, Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Qarchak. At the 2006 census, the region's population (as Qarchak District of Varamin County) was 211,949 in 51,400 households. The following census in 2011 counted 230,262 people in 62,905 households. At the 2016 census, the county's population was 269,138 in 79,853 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county to become Qarchak County. Administrative divisions The population history and structural changes of Qarchak County's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table. The latest census shows one district, two rural districts, and one city. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Qarchak County.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Montebello_(1859)"}

The Battle of Montebello was fought on 20 May 1859 at Montebello (in what is now Lombardy, northern Italy). It was a minor engagement of the Second Italian War of Independence, fought between Piedmontese cavalry and French infantry against Austrian troops. Because of this battle, the Austrian commander-in-chief was obliged to keep some troops to cover the southern part of the front. Prelude Feldzeugmeister Ferenc Gyulay, commanding the Austrian 2nd Army, deployed VII Korps along the Sesia, the II and III Korps at Mortara, VIII Korps at Pavia, and V Korps between Pavia and Mortara. Gyulay anticipated a Franco-Piedmontese offensive consisting of a flanking maneuver south of the Po. Marshal Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers' I Corps advanced from Voghera, while Garibaldi advanced from the north. Gyulai assumed they were pressuring his flanks in a manoeuvre sur la derriére. Battle General Karl von Urban's IX Korps and Stadion's V Korps moved to stop the French offensive. On 20 May, in the first battle of the war, Forey's division, accompanied by three Piedmontese cavalry regiments commanded by General de Sonnaz, engaged the IX Korps at Montebello. After three hours, failing to stop Forey, Urban withdrew. Aftermath On 21 May, Napoleon III received a telegraph stating, "The Austrians have attacked, on the 20th, with approximately 15,000 men the advanced posts of Marshal Baraguey d'Hilliers. They have been repulsed by Division Forey, which conducted itself admirably and liberated the village of Montbello, already famous..." Disconcerted, Gyulai deployed his corps further south. Austrian order of battle FML Graf Stadion, commander of V Corps (9,950 infantry, 230 cavalry and 20 guns) (6,700 infantry, 225 cavalry and 12 guns) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Montebello (1859). Footnotes

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Genus of fungi Jacobsonia is a genus of fungi in the family Helotiaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Jacobsonia glauca. The genus name of Jacobsonia is in honour of Edward Richard Jacobson (1870–1944), who was a Dutch merchant and naturalist. The genus was circumscribed by Karel Bernard Boedijn in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 3, vol.13 on page 478 in 1935.

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Place in Greece Filothei (Greek: Φιλοθέη) is a former municipality in the Arta regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Arta, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 50.614 km2. Population 5,443 (2011). The seat of the municipality was in Chalkiades.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_English"}

Set of English dialects native to South Africans South African English (SAfrE, SAfrEng, SAE, en-ZA) is the set of English language dialects native to South Africans. History British settlers first arrived in the South African region in 1795, when they established a military holding operation at the Cape Colony. The goal of this first endeavour was to gain control of a key Cape sea route, not to establish a permanent settler colony. Full control of the colony was wrested from the Batavian Republic following the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806. The first major influx of English speakers arrived in 1820. About 5,000 British settlers, mostly rural or working class, settled in the Eastern Cape. Though the British were a minority colonist group (the Dutch had been in the region since 1652, when traders from the Dutch East India Company developed an outpost), the Cape Colony governor, Lord Charles Somerset, declared English an official language in 1822. To spread the influence of English in the colony, officials began to recruit British schoolmasters and Scottish clergy to occupy positions in the education and church systems. Another group of English speakers arrived from Britain in the 1840s and 1850s, along with the Natal settlers. These individuals were largely "standard speakers" like retired military personnel and aristocrats. A third wave of English settlers arrived between 1875 and 1904, and brought with them a diverse variety of English dialects. These last two waves did not have as large an influence on South African English (SAE), for "the seeds of development were already sown in 1820". However, the Natal wave brought nostalgia for British customs and helped to define the idea of a "standard" variety that resembled Southern British English. When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, English and Dutch were the official state languages, although Afrikaans effectively replaced Dutch in 1925. After 1994, these two languages along with nine other Southern Bantu languages achieved equal official status. SAE is an extraterritorial (ET) variety of English, or a language variety that has been transported outside its mainland home. More specifically, SAE is a Southern hemisphere ET originating from later English colonisation in the 18th and 19th centuries (Zimbabwean, Australian, and New Zealand English are also Southern hemisphere ET varieties). SAE resembles British English more closely than it does American English due to the close ties that South African colonies maintained with the mainland in the 19th and 20th centuries. However, with the increasing influence of American pop-culture around the world via modes of contact like television, American English has become more familiar in South Africa. Indeed, some American lexical items are becoming alternatives to comparable British terms. Varieties Black South African English Black South African English, or BSAE, is spoken by individuals whose first language is an indigenous African tongue. BSAE is considered a "new" English because it has emerged through the education system among second-language speakers in places where English is not the majority language. At least two sociolinguistic variants have been definitively studied on a post-creole continuum for the second-language Black South African English spoken by most Black South Africans: a high-end, prestigious "acrolect" and a more middle-ranging, mainstream "mesolect". The "basilect" variety is less similar to the colonial language (natively-spoken English), while the "mesolect" is somewhat more so. Historically, BSAE has been considered a "non-standard" variety of English, inappropriate for formal contexts and influenced by indigenous African languages. According to the Central Statistical Services, as of 1994[update] about 7 million black people spoke English in South Africa. BSAE originated in the South African school system, when the 1953 Bantu Education Act mandated the use of native African languages in the classroom. When this law was established, most of the native English-speaking teachers were removed from schools. This limited the exposure that black students received to standard varieties of English. As a result, the English spoken in black schools developed distinctive patterns of pronunciation and syntax, leading to the formation of BSAE. Some of these characteristic features can be linked to the mother tongues of the early BSAE speakers. The policy of mother tongue promotion in schools ultimately failed, and in 1979, the Department of Bantu Education allowed schools to choose their own language of instruction. English was largely the language of choice, because it was viewed as a key tool of social and economic advancement. BSAE has contrasting pronunciation and organization of vowels and consonants compared to the ones in standard English. For instance, “it lacks the tense/lax contrast and central vowels in the mesolectal variety.” Classification The difference between Black and White South Africans is based on their ethnic backgrounds, with them, as BSAE, being originally the first indigenous people that made a ''new'' English South Africa and developing speaking their tongue version of English and deciding not to speak South Africa's native language of English, which is mostly exclusive for them due to it not being the majority language. In SAE It is primarily used for publicizing the differences between British and other forms of tongue speaking for native speakers in various communities of South Africa The local native language of Black South African "new" English would lean more on the syllable side and would lean less on stress timing; due to this, the speech of the language would be affected by the length of vowel deduction in "new" English. Phonology BSAE emerged from the influence of local native languages on the British English variety often taught in South African schools. After dispersing BSAE has been seen as three distinct subvarieties: the basilect, mesolect, and acrolect. Not much has yet been studied on the subvarieties of BSAE, and the distinctions between them aren’t yet fully defined. However, there are some notable pronunciation differences in the mesolect and acrolect. The vowels in BSAE can be realized as five key phonemes: /i/, pronounced in words like “FLEECE” or KIT, /u/ in “FOOT” or “GOOSE”, /ɛ/ in “TRAP”, “DRESS”, or “NURSE”, /ɔ/ in LOT or FORCE, and /a/ as in CAR. /i/ may occasionally be pronounced [ɪ] in the acrolectal variety, though there is no consistent change among speakers. One difference in the acrolect in comparison to the mesolect is that it often uses the phoneme /ʌ/ in place of /a/. In addition, many vowels that are normally diphthongs in most varieties are monophthongs in BSAE. For example, “FACE” in standard American English is typically pronounced as /feɪs/ or /fɛis/, but in BSAE is typically pronounced /fɛs/. Grammar Black South African English analysis has not been researched or utilized enough due to its contrasting methods to Southern British norms. BSAE has contrasting pronunciation and organization of vowels and consonants compared to the ones in more commonly used languages such as other varieties of English. Due to English being an official language of South Africa, dialects that have contrary methods in language and pronunciation to English become isolated from the speech in that area. It has contrasting pronunciation and organization of vowels and consonants compared to the ones in English. For instance, “it lacks the tense/lax contrast and central vowels in the mesolectal variety.” In Black South African English, the length of vowel usage is changeable however, length can be understood as a stress placement. An example being "sevénty, which puts more stress on the final syllable." Additionally, BSAE differs from other forms of dialect by "having shorter tone/information units and having lower pitch and decrease intensity as the sentence concludes." The use of certain words such as "maybe" are used as a conditional word that implies the result of something if a thing/event were to happen. Another distinctive trait of BSAE is the use of the word "that" as a complementizer. Furthermore, BSAE has a high frequency of the retention of question word order which is 0.86 per 1000 words. Other findings show that the Cultural Linguistic explorations of World Englishes have been evaluating BSAE based on its cognitive sociolinguistic principles. It is a language that is still being studied due to its strong cultural and traditional ties to its mother tongues. History Historically, BSAE has been considered a "non-standard" variety of English, inappropriate for formal contexts, and influenced by indigenous African languages. BSAE, or Black South African English, has its roots in European colonialism of the African continent in the 19th century. As a result of English being pushed by the colonizers of the region, the British, English became widespread in the South African region after it became necessary for indigenous African communities to use for success under the British. Much like in other colonies of the British, English became a necessity for advancement and economic security in the colony for indigenous Africans. According to the Central Statistical Services, as of 1994 about 7 million black people spoke English in South Africa. BSAE originated in the South African school system, when the 1953 Bantu Education Act mandated the use of native African languages in the classroom. When this law was established, most of the native English-speaking teachers were removed from schools. This limited the exposure that black students received to standard varieties of English. As a result, the English spoken in black schools developed distinctive patterns of pronunciation and syntax, leading to the formation of BSAE. Some of these characteristic features can be linked to the mother tongues of the early BSAE speakers. The policy of mother tongue promotion in schools ultimately failed, and in 1979, the Department of Bantu Education allowed schools to choose their own language of instruction. English was largely the language of choice, because it was viewed as a key tool of social and economic advancement. Geography South Africa occupies the southern area of Africa, its coastline stretching more than 2,850 kilometers (1,770 miles) from the desert border within Namibia on the Atlantic (western) coast southwards around the tip of Africa and then northeast to the border with Mozambique on the Indian Ocean. The low-lying coastal zone is narrow for much of that distance, soon giving way to a mountainous escarpment (Great Escarpment) that separates the coast from the high inland plateau. In some places, notably the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east, a greater distance separates the coast from the escarpment. Although much of the country is classified as semi-arid, it has considerable variation in climate as well as topography. The total land area is 1,220,813 km2 (471,359 sq mi). It has the 23rd largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 1,535,538 km2 (592,875 sq mi). Mainly the South African Central Plateau only contains two major rivers: The Limpopo and The Orange( with its Linguistic, the Vaal) These rivers mainly flow across the central places in the east and west off coastal until it would reach the Atlantic ocean through the Namibian border. Coloured South African English About 20% of all coloured people in South Africa speak English as a home language. They are primarily concentrated in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and northeastern parts of the Eastern Cape in the former Transkei with some transplants being found in Johannesburg. Many people from these regions migrated to Durban and Pietermaritzburg, where the most Anglophone coloureds can be found. Anglophone coloureds with European heritage have ancestry mostly from the British Isles, which, along with originating in regions with very few Afrikaans speaking people, contributed to English being the main language of the coloured people in the region. In addition, since Afrikaners are identified as the architects of apartheid, they are not held in high regard by the "coloured" people of Natal. Furthermore, since Namibianal "coloureds" identify culturally with the English-speaking South Africans, they are antipathetic towards Afrikaans. The accent of Anglophone coloured people is influenced by their multiracial background, being descended from Europeans (British, German, and Afrikaners), blacks (Zulu and Xhosa), Indians (both Dravidian and Indo-Aryan) as well as other mixed people like St. Helenians, Mauritian Creoles and some Griquas. This has influenced the accent to be one of the most distinctive in Southern Africa. Cape Flats English A particular variety or sub-spectrum of South African English is Cape Flats English, originally and best associated with inner-city Cape Coloured speakers. Indian South African English Indian South African English (ISAE) is a sub-variety that developed among the descendants of Indian immigrants to South Africa. The Apartheid policy, in effect from 1948 to 1991, prevented Indian children from publicly interacting with people of English heritage. This separation caused an Indian variety to develop independently from white South African English, though with phonological and lexical features still fitting under the South African English umbrella. Indian South African English includes a "basilect", "mesolect", and "acrolect". These terms describe varieties of a given language on a spectrum of similarity to the colonial version of that language: the "acrolect" being the most similar. Today, basilect speakers are generally older non-native speakers with little education; acrolect speakers closely resemble colonial native English speakers, with a few phonetic/syntactic exceptions; and mesolect speakers fall somewhere in-between. In recent decades, the dialect has come much closer to the standard language through the model taught in schools. The result is a variety of English which mixes features of Indian, South African, Standard British, creole, and foreign language learning Englishes in a unique and fascinating way. ISAE resembles Indian English in some respects, possibly because the varieties contain speakers with shared mother tongues or because early English teachers were brought to South Africa from India, or both. Four prominent education-related lexical features shared by ISAE and Indian English are: tuition(s), which means "extra lessons outside school that one pays for"; further studies, which means "higher education"; alphabets, which means "the alphabet, letters of the alphabet"; and by-heart, which means "to learn off by heart"; these items show the influence of Indian English teachers in South Africa. Phonologically, ISAE also shares several similarities with Indian English, though certain common features are decreasing in the South African variety. For instance, consonant retroflexion in phonemes like /ḍ/ and strong aspiration in consonant production (common in North Indian English) are present in both varieties, but declining in ISAE. Syllable-timed rhythm, instead of stress-timed rhythm, is still a prominent feature in both varieties, especially in more colloquial sub-varieties. White South African English Several White South African English varieties have emerged, accompanied by varying levels of perceived social prestige. Roger Lass describes white South African English as a system of three sub-varieties spoken primarily by White South Africans, called "The Great Trichotomy" (a term first used to categorise Australian English varieties and subsequently applied to South African English). In this classification, the "Cultivated" variety closely approximates England's standard Received Pronunciation and is associated with the upper class; the "General" variety is a social indicator of the middle class and is the common tongue; and the "Broad" variety is most associated with the working class, low socioeconomic status, and little education. These three sub-varieties, Cultivated, General, and Broad, have also sometimes been called "Conservative SAE", "Respectable SAE", and "Extreme SAE", respectively. Broad White SAE closely approximates the second-language variety of (Afrikaans-speaking) Afrikaners called Afrikaans English. This variety has been stigmatised by middle and upper class SAE speakers (primarily those of Anglo-Saxon origin) and is considered a vernacular form of SAE. Phonology This section contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Vowels Consonants Lexicon History of SAE dictionaries In 1913, Charles Pettman created the first South African English dictionary, entitled Africanderisms. This work sought to identify Afrikaans terms that were emerging in the English language in South Africa. In 1924, the Oxford University Press published its first version of a South African English dictionary, The South African Pocket Oxford Dictionary. Subsequent editions of this dictionary have tried to take a "broad editorial approach" in including vocabulary terms native to South Africa, though the extent of this inclusion has been contested. Rhodes University (South Africa) and Oxford University (Great Britain) worked together to produce the 1978 Dictionary of South African English, which adopted a more conservative approach in its inclusion of terms. This dictionary did include, for the first time, what the dictionary writers deemed "the jargon of townships", or vocabulary terms found in Black journalism and literary circles. Dictionaries specialising in scientific jargon, such as the common names of South African plants, also emerged in the twentieth century. However, these works still often relied on Latin terminology and European pronunciation systems. As of 1992[update], Rajend Mesthrie had produced the only available dictionary of South African Indian English. Vocabulary SAE includes lexical items borrowed from other South African languages. The following list provides a sample of some of these terms: British lexical items SAE also contains several lexical items that demonstrate the British influence on this variety: Expressions A range of SAE expressions have been borrowed from other South African languages, or are uniquely used in this variety of English. Some common expressions include: Demographics The South African National Census of 2011 found a total of 4,892,623 speakers of English as a first language, making up 9.6% of the national population. The provinces with significant English-speaking populations were the Western Cape (20.2% of the provincial population), Gauteng (13.3%) and KwaZulu-Natal (13.2%). English was spoken across all ethnic groups in South Africa. The breakdown of English-speakers according to the conventional racial classifications used by Statistics South Africa is described in the following table. Examples of South African accents The following examples of South African accents were obtained from George Mason University:

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Jonathan Root (born 1959) is an English portrait photographer. His subjects include: David Hockney, Peter Blake, Allen Jones, Gilbert & George, Philippe Starck, Marc Newson, Richard Rogers, Norman Foster, Zaha Hadid, Alan Bennett, Mark Rylance, Lord Bath, and Nicholas Haslam. His portraits of Gavin Turk, Craigie Aitchison, David Adjaye, John Winter, Lord Harewood and Lord March are part of The National Portrait Gallery Photographs Collection. His exhibitions include: “The John Kobal Photographic Portrait Awards” 1995, 1996 and 2000. “The Edwardian Drape Society” (Tapestry Gallery) 2004. “Lords and Ladies” (Tapestry Gallery) 2004. “Sitting Pretty” (Rabih Hage Gallery) 2007.

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The Annette Klooger Show is an Australian television series that aired 1959–61 on ABC. Starring singer Annette Klooger, it was a half-hour variety series that aired live in Melbourne, and was kinescoped for showing in Sydney (it is not known if it was also shown on ABC's stations in Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth). In one episode, the performers were Klooger, Ted Preston Quartet, The Unichords, flute player John Wright, singer Frankie Davidson and singer Terry Stanhope. Archival status is unknown. Two episodes are held by National Film and Sound Archive.

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Species of beetle Nupserha nigerrima is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hintz in 1919.

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American economist Neil Wallace (born 1939) is an American economist and professor of economics at Penn State University. He is considered one of the main proponents of new classical macroeconomics in the field of economics. Education Wallace earned his BA in economics from Columbia University in 1960 and his Ph.D in economics from the University of Chicago in 1964, where he studied under Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton Friedman. Career In 1969, Wallace was hired as a consultant to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. He served as a professor at the University of Minnesota from 1974 until 1994 and as a professor at the University of Miami from 1994 until 1997. In 1997, he was hired as a professor at Penn State. In 1975, he and Thomas J. Sargent proposed the policy-ineffectiveness proposition, which refuted a basic assumption of Keynesian economics. In 2012, he was elected Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association. Selected publications

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2013_lunar_eclipse"}

Short penumbral A penumbral lunar eclipse took place on 24–25 May 2013, the second of three lunar eclipses in 2013. It was visually imperceptible due to the small entry into the penumbral shadow. This event marked the beginning of Saros series 150. Visibility A simulated view of the earth from the center of the moon at maximal eclipse. Map Gallery Related eclipses Eclipses of 2013 Lunar year (354 days) This eclipse is the one of five lunar eclipses in a short-lived series. The lunar year series repeats after 12 lunations or 354 days (Shifting back about 10 days in sequential years). Because of the date shift, the Earth's shadow will be about 11 degrees west in sequential events. Saros series This is the first lunar eclipse of Saros series 150. The next occurrence will also be a penumbral eclipse on 5 June 2031. Solar Saros 157 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series. Partial eclipses in series 150 will occur between 20 August 2157 and past the year 3000. Total eclipses will occur between 29 April 2572 and 28 August 2770. Notes and references

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Statistics of Nadeshiko League Cup in the 2012 season. Overview Nippon TV Beleza won the championship. Results 2012 Qualifying round Group A Source: [citation needed] Group B Source: [citation needed] Final round Semifinals Final

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athos_Faccincani"}

Italian painter Athos Faccincani is an Italian painter born in Peschiera del Garda on January 29, 1951. School and personal life Athos attended Maestro Pio Semighini studio in 1963-1964 when he was thirteen years old, and technical schools after that. In 1967-1969 he attended Venetian studios Novati, Gamba, and Seibezzi. During that time, he met Italian painters Ottorino Garosio and Angelo Fiessi. In 1970, after completing his studies, Athos dedicated himself to horseback riding and painting, with help from his friend Nantas Salvalaggio.[vague] Career His studies culminated with the creation of the paintings on “Follia delle attese” (Madness of Expectations) and Resistenza (resistance). His personal exhibits received a visit by Sandro Pertini, who was the President of the Italian Republic at the time. In 1980, his artistic interest changed from human figure representation to landscapes and nature. Later on, he switched to impressionism. Athos has exhibited in London, Vienna, Paris, Chicago, New York, Zurich, Madrid, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Hamburg, Monaco, Tokyo, Moscow, Hong Kong and Monte Carlo.[citation needed] He has won awards for his art, including the Ischia Friends prize in 2010 and the Albatross prize in 2011.[citation needed]

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polessky_State_University"}

Public university in Pinsk, Belarus Polessky State University (Belarusian: Палескі дзяржаўны універсітэт, ПалесДУ; Russian: Полесский государственный университет, ПолесГУ) is a public university located in Pinsk, Brest Voblast, Belarus. The university was established in 2006. The university offers both undergraduate and post-graduate degree courses. Faculty The university has the following departments and faculties—

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallpaper_Engine"}

Utility software Wallpaper Engine is an application for Windows with a companion app on Android which allows users to use and create animated and interactive wallpapers, similar to the defunct Windows DreamScene. Wallpapers are shared through the Steam Workshop functionality as user-created downloadable content. It features its own rendering engine and provides a wallpaper editor, allowing for the creation of 2D and 3D wallpapers, including a particle system editor and a fork of JavaScript called SceneScript for additional wallpaper logic. It also supports using video files, audio files, web-pages and some 3D applications as wallpapers. History A proposal outlining the general idea of the software was added to Steam Greenlight in December 2015. The application was subsequently released as a paid product on Steam in October 2016 as an early access title. After three years of development, the software left its early access stage in November 2018. In August 2019, Wallpaper Engine was announced to be one of the release titles for Steam China. Despite not being a game, Wallpaper Engine is one of the most used apps of Steam, being located in Steam's Top 25 played games in July 2019 and Top 10 played games in November 2021.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%B1f%C4%B1tkalesi_Islet"}

Island in İzmir Province, Turkey Çıfıtkalesi Islet (literally "Jewish Castle Island") is an uninhabited Aegean islet in Turkey. The islet at 38°02′44″N 26°51′18″E / 38.04556°N 26.85500°E / 38.04556; 26.85500 is administratively a part of Seferihisar ilçe (district) of İzmir Province. It is very close to mainland (Anatolia); the closest point to mainland is less than 100 metres (330 ft). The longest dimension of the islet is about 250 metres (820 ft). In antiquity the islet was connected to the mainland and was called Myonessus (Ancient Greek: Μυόννησος, meaning mouse island). Currently, the connection has been broken, but the sea level is shallow and it is possible to walk to the islet. Parts of the defensive wall are preserved on the island.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_design"}

Experimental design that is optimal with respect to some statistical criterion In the design of experiments, optimal designs (or optimum designs) are a class of experimental designs that are optimal with respect to some statistical criterion. The creation of this field of statistics has been credited to Danish statistician Kirstine Smith. In the design of experiments for estimating statistical models, optimal designs allow parameters to be estimated without bias and with minimum variance. A non-optimal design requires a greater number of experimental runs to estimate the parameters with the same precision as an optimal design. In practical terms, optimal experiments can reduce the costs of experimentation. The optimality of a design depends on the statistical model and is assessed with respect to a statistical criterion, which is related to the variance-matrix of the estimator. Specifying an appropriate model and specifying a suitable criterion function both require understanding of statistical theory and practical knowledge with designing experiments. Advantages Optimal designs offer three advantages over sub-optimal experimental designs: Minimizing the variance of estimators Experimental designs are evaluated using statistical criteria. It is known that the least squares estimator minimizes the variance of mean-unbiased estimators (under the conditions of the Gauss–Markov theorem). In the estimation theory for statistical models with one real parameter, the reciprocal of the variance of an ("efficient") estimator is called the "Fisher information" for that estimator. Because of this reciprocity, minimizing the variance corresponds to maximizing the information. When the statistical model has several parameters, however, the mean of the parameter-estimator is a vector and its variance is a matrix. The inverse matrix of the variance-matrix is called the "information matrix". Because the variance of the estimator of a parameter vector is a matrix, the problem of "minimizing the variance" is complicated. Using statistical theory, statisticians compress the information-matrix using real-valued summary statistics; being real-valued functions, these "information criteria" can be maximized. The traditional optimality-criteria are invariants of the information matrix; algebraically, the traditional optimality-criteria are functionals of the eigenvalues of the information matrix. Other optimality-criteria are concerned with the variance of predictions: Contrasts In many applications, the statistician is most concerned with a "parameter of interest" rather than with "nuisance parameters". More generally, statisticians consider linear combinations of parameters, which are estimated via linear combinations of treatment-means in the design of experiments and in the analysis of variance; such linear combinations are called contrasts. Statisticians can use appropriate optimality-criteria for such parameters of interest and for contrasts. Implementation Catalogs of optimal designs occur in books and in software libraries. In addition, major statistical systems like SAS and R have procedures for optimizing a design according to a user's specification. The experimenter must specify a model for the design and an optimality-criterion before the method can compute an optimal design. Practical considerations Some advanced topics in optimal design require more statistical theory and practical knowledge in designing experiments. Model dependence and robustness Since the optimality criterion of most optimal designs is based on some function of the information matrix, the 'optimality' of a given design is model dependent: While an optimal design is best for that model, its performance may deteriorate on other models. On other models, an optimal design can be either better or worse than a non-optimal design. Therefore, it is important to benchmark the performance of designs under alternative models. Choosing an optimality criterion and robustness The choice of an appropriate optimality criterion requires some thought, and it is useful to benchmark the performance of designs with respect to several optimality criteria. Cornell writes that since the [traditional optimality] criteria . . . are variance-minimizing criteria, . . . a design that is optimal for a given model using one of the . . . criteria is usually near-optimal for the same model with respect to the other criteria. — Indeed, there are several classes of designs for which all the traditional optimality-criteria agree, according to the theory of "universal optimality" of Kiefer. The experience of practitioners like Cornell and the "universal optimality" theory of Kiefer suggest that robustness with respect to changes in the optimality-criterion is much greater than is robustness with respect to changes in the model. Flexible optimality criteria and convex analysis High-quality statistical software provide a combination of libraries of optimal designs or iterative methods for constructing approximately optimal designs, depending on the model specified and the optimality criterion. Users may use a standard optimality-criterion or may program a custom-made criterion. All of the traditional optimality-criteria are convex (or concave) functions, and therefore optimal-designs are amenable to the mathematical theory of convex analysis and their computation can use specialized methods of convex minimization. The practitioner need not select exactly one traditional, optimality-criterion, but can specify a custom criterion. In particular, the practitioner can specify a convex criterion using the maxima of convex optimality-criteria and nonnegative combinations of optimality criteria (since these operations preserve convex functions). For convex optimality criteria, the Kiefer-Wolfowitz equivalence theorem allows the practitioner to verify that a given design is globally optimal. The Kiefer-Wolfowitz equivalence theorem is related with the Legendre-Fenchel conjugacy for convex functions. If an optimality-criterion lacks convexity, then finding a global optimum and verifying its optimality often are difficult. Model uncertainty and Bayesian approaches Model selection When scientists wish to test several theories, then a statistician can design an experiment that allows optimal tests between specified models. Such "discrimination experiments" are especially important in the biostatistics supporting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, following the work of Cox and Atkinson. Bayesian experimental design When practitioners need to consider multiple models, they can specify a probability-measure on the models and then select any design maximizing the expected value of such an experiment. Such probability-based optimal-designs are called optimal Bayesian designs. Such Bayesian designs are used especially for generalized linear models (where the response follows an exponential-family distribution). The use of a Bayesian design does not force statisticians to use Bayesian methods to analyze the data, however. Indeed, the "Bayesian" label for probability-based experimental-designs is disliked by some researchers. Alternative terminology for "Bayesian" optimality includes "on-average" optimality or "population" optimality. Iterative experimentation Scientific experimentation is an iterative process, and statisticians have developed several approaches to the optimal design of sequential experiments. Sequential analysis Sequential analysis was pioneered by Abraham Wald. In 1972, Herman Chernoff wrote an overview of optimal sequential designs, while adaptive designs were surveyed later by S. Zacks. Of course, much work on the optimal design of experiments is related to the theory of optimal decisions, especially the statistical decision theory of Abraham Wald. Response-surface methodology Optimal designs for response-surface models are discussed in the textbook by Atkinson, Donev and Tobias, and in the survey of Gaffke and Heiligers and in the mathematical text of Pukelsheim. The blocking of optimal designs is discussed in the textbook of Atkinson, Donev and Tobias and also in the monograph by Goos. The earliest optimal designs were developed to estimate the parameters of regression models with continuous variables, for example, by J. D. Gergonne in 1815 (Stigler). In English, two early contributions were made by Charles S. Peirce and Kirstine Smith. Pioneering designs for multivariate response-surfaces were proposed by George E. P. Box. However, Box's designs have few optimality properties. Indeed, the Box–Behnken design requires excessive experimental runs when the number of variables exceeds three. Box's "central-composite" designs require more experimental runs than do the optimal designs of Kôno. System identification and stochastic approximation The optimization of sequential experimentation is studied also in stochastic programming and in systems and control. Popular methods include stochastic approximation and other methods of stochastic optimization. Much of this research has been associated with the subdiscipline of system identification. In computational optimal control, D. Judin & A. Nemirovskii and Boris Polyak has described methods that are more efficient than the (Armijo-style) step-size rules introduced by G. E. P. Box in response-surface methodology. Adaptive designs are used in clinical trials, and optimal adaptive designs are surveyed in the Handbook of Experimental Designs chapter by Shelemyahu Zacks. Specifying the number of experimental runs Using a computer to find a good design There are several methods of finding an optimal design, given an a priori restriction on the number of experimental runs or replications. Some of these methods are discussed by Atkinson, Donev and Tobias and in the paper by Hardin and Sloane. Of course, fixing the number of experimental runs a priori would be impractical. Prudent statisticians examine the other optimal designs, whose number of experimental runs differ. Discretizing probability-measure designs In the mathematical theory on optimal experiments, an optimal design can be a probability measure that is supported on an infinite set of observation-locations. Such optimal probability-measure designs solve a mathematical problem that neglected to specify the cost of observations and experimental runs. Nonetheless, such optimal probability-measure designs can be discretized to furnish approximately optimal designs. In some cases, a finite set of observation-locations suffices to support an optimal design. Such a result was proved by Kôno and Kiefer in their works on response-surface designs for quadratic models. The Kôno–Kiefer analysis explains why optimal designs for response-surfaces can have discrete supports, which are very similar as do the less efficient designs that have been traditional in response surface methodology. History In 1815, an article on optimal designs for polynomial regression was published by Joseph Diaz Gergonne, according to Stigler. Charles S. Peirce proposed an economic theory of scientific experimentation in 1876, which sought to maximize the precision of the estimates. Peirce's optimal allocation immediately improved the accuracy of gravitational experiments and was used for decades by Peirce and his colleagues. In his 1882 published lecture at Johns Hopkins University, Peirce introduced experimental design with these words: Logic will not undertake to inform you what kind of experiments you ought to make in order best to determine the acceleration of gravity, or the value of the Ohm; but it will tell you how to proceed to form a plan of experimentation. [....] Unfortunately practice generally precedes theory, and it is the usual fate of mankind to get things done in some boggling way first, and find out afterward how they could have been done much more easily and perfectly. Kirstine Smith proposed optimal designs for polynomial models in 1918. (Kirstine Smith had been a student of the Danish statistician Thorvald N. Thiele and was working with Karl Pearson in London.)

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António Fernandes may refer to:

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Danish tennis player Aage Madsen (25 May 1883 – 9 April 1937) was a Danish tennis player. He competed in two events at the 1912 Summer Olympics. Early life and education Madsen was born on 25 May 1883 in Faaborg, the son of merchant Anders Sudergaard Madsen and Anne Catharina Dorothea Poulsen. He graduated from Borgerdyd School in Copenhagen in 1901. He completed his law studies (cand. jur.) at the University of Copenhagen in 1907. Career Madsen was a paralegal in Esbjerg. He briefly worked for the By- og Herredsret in Sæby and Frederiksberg Birk in 1909-10 before his employment as an assistant in the Ministry of Financial Aggairs later in 1910. He worked as a copyist at the Landsoverret and Hof- og Stadsret-ten from 1015 and as a police accessor in Copenhagen from 1919. He was on 25 July 1919 licensed as a high court attorney (Overretssagfører). He was employed as a Police Attorney in 1028. He resigned in 1934 due to illness. Personal life Madsen married dentist Mary Agnes Herskind on 23 December 1914. He died on 9 April 1937 in Copenhagen.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notodonta_griseotincta"}

Species of moth Notodonta griseotincta is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Alfred Ernest Wileman in 1910. It is found in Taiwan.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limavady_Junction_railway_station"}

Limavady Junction railway station served the town of Limavady in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. The Londonderry and Coleraine Railway opened the station as Newton Junction on 1 March 1855. It was renamed Limavady Junction on 1 October 1875. At this time, new station buildings were provided to designs by the architect John Lanyon. It closed on 17 October 1976. Since 2013, the remains of the station have been demolished. Routes

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Content-addressable storage (CAS), also referred to as content-addressed storage or fixed-content storage, is a way to store information so it can be retrieved based on its content, not its name or location. It has been used for high-speed storage and retrieval of fixed content, such as documents stored for compliance with government regulations. Content-addressable storage is similar to content-addressable memory. CAS systems work by passing the content of the file through a cryptographic hash function to generate a unique key, the "content address". The file system's directory stores these addresses and a pointer to the physical storage of the content. Because an attempt to store the same file will generate the same key, CAS systems ensure that the files within them are unique, and because changing the file will result in a new key, CAS systems provide assurance that the file is unchanged. CAS became a significant market during the 2000s, especially after the introduction of the 2002 Sarbanes–Oxley Act which required the storage of enormous numbers of documents for long periods and retrieved only rarely. Ever-increasing performance of traditional file systems and new software systems have eroded the value of legacy CAS systems, which have become increasingly rare after roughly 2018. However, the principles of content addressability continue to be of great interest to computer scientists, and form the core of numerous emerging technologies, such as peer-to-peer file sharing, cryptocurrencies, and distributed computing. Description Location-based approaches Traditional file systems generally track files based on their filename. On random-access media like a floppy disk, this is accomplished using a directory that consists of some sort of list of filenames and pointers to the data. The pointers refer to a physical location on the disk, normally using disk sectors. On more modern systems and larger formats like hard drives, the directory is itself split into many subdirectories, each tracking a subset of the overall collection of files. Subdirectories are themselves represented as files in a parent directory, producing a hierarchy or tree-like organization. The series of directories leading to a particular file is known as a "path". In the context of CAS, these traditional approaches are referred to as "location-addressed", as each file is represented by a list of one or more locations, the path and filename, on the physical storage. In these systems, the same file with two different names will be stored as two files on disk and thus have two addresses. The same is true if the same file, even with the same name, is stored in more than one location in the directory hierarchy. This makes them less than ideal for a digital archive, where any unique information should only be stored once. As the concept of the hierarchical directory became more common in operating systems especially during the late 1980s, this sort of access pattern began to be used by entirely unrelated systems. For instance, the World Wide Web uses a similar pathname/filename-like system known as the URL to point to documents. The same document on another web server has a different URL in spite of being identical content. Likewise, if an existing location changes in any way, if the filename changes or the server moves to a new domain name service name, the document is no longer accessible. This leads to the common problem of link rot. CAS and FCS Although location-based storage is widely used in many fields, this was not always the case. Previously, the most common way to retrieve data from a large collection was to use some sort of identifier based on the content of the document. For instance, the ISBN system is used to generate a unique number for every book. If one performs a web search for "ISBN 0465048994", one will be provided with a list of locations for the book Why Information Grows on the topic of information storage. Although many locations will be returned, they all refer to the same work, and the user can then pick whichever location is most appropriate. Additionally, if any one of these locations changes or disappears, the content can be found at any of the other locations. CAS systems attempt to produce ISBN like results automatically and on any document. They do this by using a cryptographic hash function on the data of the document to produce what is sometimes known as a "key" or "fingerprint". This key is strongly tied to the exact content of the document, adding a single space at the end of the file, for instance, will produce a different key. In a CAS system, the directory does not map filenames onto locations, but uses the keys instead. This provides several benefits. For one, when a file is sent to the CAS for storage, the hash function will produce a key and then check to see if that key already exists in the directory. If it does, the file is not stored as the one already in storage is identical. This allows CAS systems to easily avoid duplicate data. Additionally, as the key is based on the content of the file, retrieving a document with a given key ensures that the stored file has not been changed. The downside to this approach is that any changes to the document produces a different key, which makes CAS systems unsuitable for files that are often edited. For all of these reasons, CAS systems are normally used for archives of largely static documents, and are sometimes known as "fixed content storage" (FCS). Because the keys are not human-readable, CAS systems implement a second type of directory that stores metadata that will help users find a document. These almost always include a filename, allowing the classic name-based retrieval to be used. But the directory will also include fields for common identification systems like ISBN or ISSN codes, user-provided keywords, time and date stamps, and full-text search indexes. Users can search these directories and retrieve a key, which can then be used to retrieve the actual document. Using a CAS is very similar to using a web search engine. The primary difference is that a web search is generally performed on a topic basis using an internal algorithm that finds "related" content and then produces a list of locations. The results may be a list of the identical content in multiple locations. In a CAS, more than one document may be returned for a given search, but each of those documents will be unique and presented only once. Another advantage to CAS is that the physical location in storage is not part of the lookup system. If, for instance, a library's card catalog stated a book could be found on "shelf 43, bin 10", if the library is re-arranged the entire catalog has to be updated. In contrast, the ISBN number will not change and the book can be found by looking for the shelf with those numbers. In the computer setting, a file in the DOS filesystem at the path A:\myfiles\textfile.txt points to the physical storage of the file in the myfiles subdirectory. This file disappears if the floppy is moved to the B: drive, and even moving its location within the disk hierarchy requires the user-facing directories to be updated. In CAS, only the internal mapping from key to physical location changes, and this exists in only one place and can be designed for efficient updating. This allows files to be moved among storage devices, and even across media, without requiring any changes to the retrieval. For data that changes frequently, CAS is not as efficient as location-based addressing. In these cases, the CAS device would need to continually recompute the address of data as it was changed. This would result in multiple copies of the entire almost-identical document being stored, the problem that CAS attempts to avoid. Additionally, the user-facing directories would have to be continually updated with these "new" files, which would become polluted by many similar documents that would make searching more difficult. In contrast, updating a file in a location-based system is highly optimized, only the internal list of sectors has to be changed and many years of tuning have been applied to this operation. Because CAS is used primarily for archiving, file deletion is often tightly controlled or even impossible under user control. In contrast, automatic deletion is a common feature, removing all files older than some legally defined requirement, say ten years. In distributed computing The simplest way to implement a CAS system is to have all of the files stored within a typical database to which clients connect to add, query and retrieve files. However, the unique properties of content addressability means that the paradigm is well suited for computer systems in which multiple hosts collaboratively manage files with no central authority, such as distributed file sharing systems, in which the physical location of a hosted file can change rapidly in response to changes in network topography, while the exact content of the files to be retrieved are of more importance to users than their current physical location. In a distributed system, content hashes are often used for quick network-wide searches for specific files, or to quickly see which data in a given file has been changed and must be propagated to other members of the network with minimal bandwidth usage. In these systems, content addressability allows highly variable network topology to be abstracted away from users who wish to access data, compared to systems like the World Wide Web, in which a consistent location of a file or service is key to easy use. History A hardware device called the Content Addressable File Store (CAFS) was developed by International Computers Limited (ICL) in the late 1960s and put into use by British Telecom in the early 1970s for telephone directory lookups. The user-accessible search functionality was maintained by the disk controller with a high-level application programming interface (API) so users could send queries into what appeared to be a black box that returned documents. The advantage was that no information had to be exchanged with the host computer while the disk performed the search. Paul Carpentier and Jan van Riel coined the term CAS while working at a company called FilePool in the late 1990s. FilePool was purchased by EMC Corporation in 2001 and was released the next year as Centera. The timing was perfect; the introduction of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act in 2002 required companies to store huge amounts of documentation for extended periods and required them to do so in a fashion that ensured they were not edited after-the-fact. A number of similar products soon appeared from other large-system vendors. In mid-2004, the industry group SNIA began working with a number of CAS providers to create standard behavior and interoperability guidelines for CAS systems. In addition to CAS, a number of similar products emerged that added CAS-like capabilities to existing products; notable among these was IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. The rise of cloud computing and the associated elastic cloud storage systems like Amazon S3 further diluted the value of dedicated CAS systems. Dell purchased EMC in 2016 and stopped sales of the original Centera in 2018 in favor of their elastic storage product. CAS was not originally associated with peer-to-peer applications until the 2000s, when rapidly proliferating Internet access in homes and businesses led to a large amount of computer users who wanted to swap files, originally doing so on centrally managed services like Napster. However, an injunction against Napster prompted the independent development of file-sharing services such as BitTorrent, which could not be centrally shut down. In order to function without a central federating server, these services rely heavily on CAS to enforce the faithful copying and easy querying of unique files. At the same time, the growth of the open-source software movement in the 2000s led to the rapid proliferation of CAS-based services such as Git, a version control system that uses numerous cryptographic functions such as Merkle trees to enforce data integrity between users and allow for multiple versions of files with minimal disk and network usage. Around this time, individual users of public-key cryptography used CAS to store their public keys on systems such as key servers. The rise of mobile computing and high capacity mobile broadband networks in the 2010s, coupled with increasing reliance on web applications for everyday computing tasks, strained the existing location-addressed client–server model commonplace among Internet services, leading to an accelerated pace of link rot and an increased reliance on centralized cloud hosting. Furthermore, growing concerns about the centralization of computing power in the hands of large technology companies, potential monopoly power abuses, and privacy concerns led to a number of projects created with the goal of creating more decentralized systems. Bitcoin uses CAS and public/private key pairs to manage wallet addresses, as do most other cryptocurrencies. IPFS uses CAS to identify and address communally hosted files on its network. Numerous other peer-to-peer systems designed to run on smartphones, which often access the Internet from varying locations, utilize CAS to store and access user data for both convenience and data privacy purposes, such as secure instant messaging. Implementations Proprietary The Centera CAS system consists of a series of networked nodes (typically large servers running Linux), divided between storage nodes and access nodes. The access nodes maintain a synchronized directory of content addresses, and the corresponding storage node where each address can be found. When a new data element, or blob, is added, the device calculates a hash of the content and returns this hash as the blob's content address. As mentioned above, the hash is searched to verify that identical content is not already present. If the content already exists, the device does not need to perform any additional steps; the content address already points to the proper content. Otherwise, the data is passed off to a storage node and written to the physical media. When a content address is provided to the device, it first queries the directory for the physical location of the specified content address. The information is then retrieved from a storage node, and the actual hash of the data recomputed and verified. Once this is complete, the device can supply the requested data to the client. Within the Centera system, each content address actually represents a number of distinct data blobs, as well as optional metadata. Whenever a client adds an additional blob to an existing content block, the system recomputes the content address. To provide additional data security, the Centera access nodes, when no read or write operation is in progress, constantly communicate with the storage nodes, checking the presence of at least two copies of each blob as well as their integrity. Additionally, they can be configured to exchange data with a different, e.g., off-site, Centera system, thereby strengthening the precautions against accidental data loss. IBM has another flavor of CAS which can be software-based, Tivoli Storage manager 5.3, or hardware-based, the IBM DR550. The architecture is different in that it is based on hierarchical storage management (HSM) design which provides some additional flexibility such as being able to support not only WORM disk but WORM tape and the migration of data from WORM disk to WORM tape and vice versa. This provides for additional flexibility in disaster recovery situations as well as the ability to reduce storage costs by moving data off the disk to tape. Another typical implementation is iCAS from iTernity. The concept of iCAS is based on containers. Each container is addressed by its hash value. A container holds different numbers of fixed content documents. The container is not changeable, and the hash value is fixed after the write process. Open-source One of the first content-addressed storage servers, Venti, was originally developed for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and is now also available for Unix-like systems as part of Plan 9 from User Space. The first step towards an open-source CAS+ implementation is Twisted Storage. Tahoe Least-Authority File Store is an open source implementation of CAS. Git is a userspace CAS filesystem. Git is primarily used as a source code control system. git-annex is a distributed file synchronization system that uses content-addressable storage for files it manages. It relies on Git and symbolic links to index their filesystem location. Project Honeycomb is an open-source API for CAS systems. The XAM interface was developed under the auspices of the Storage Networking Industry Association. It provides a standard interface for archiving CAS (and CAS like) products and projects. Perkeep is a recent project to bring the advantages of content-addressable storage "to the masses". It is intended to be used for a wide variety of use cases, including distributed backup, a snapshotted-by-default, a version-controlled filesystem, and decentralized, permission-controlled filesharing. Irmin is an OCaml "library for persistent stores with built-in snapshot, branching and reverting mechanisms"; the same design principles as Git. Cassette is an open-source CAS implementation for C#/.NET. Arvados Keep is an open-source content-addressable distributed storage system. It is designed for large-scale, computationally intensive data science work such as storing and processing genomic data. Infinit is a content-addressable and decentralized (peer-to-peer) storage platform that was acquired by Docker Inc. InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), is a content-addressable, peer-to-peer hypermedia distribution protocol. casync is a Linux software utility by Lennart Poettering to distribute frequently-updated file system images over the Internet.

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English cricketer Andrew David Leech (born 9 March 1952) is an English former first-class cricketer. Leech was born at Farnworth in Lancashire and later studied at Jesus College at the University of Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1972, making his debut against Warwickshire and playing a total of nine first-class matches for Oxford that year. He scored 24 runs in his nine matches, while with his right-arm medium pace bowling, he took just 12 wickets at an average of 43.41 and a best figures of 3 for 40.

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Alexander Emmanuilovich Borodyansky (Russian: Александр Эммануилович Бородянский; born on 3 February 1944 in Vorkuta, Komi ASSR, Russian SFSR) is a Soviet and Russian screenwriter and film director. Filmography as screenwriter

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamatsukuri_Onsen"}

Hot spring in Shimane Prefecture, Japan Tamatsukuri Onsen (玉造温泉) is an onsen hot spring located in Tamayu, Shimane Prefecture. The closest large city to the onsen is Matsue, which can be accessed by car, bus, or rail. Tamatsukuri is a noted sulfate spring with water temperatures between 50–70 °C (122–158 °F). Tamatsukuri Onsen is an ancient hot spring, dating back to the 8th century where gods are said to bathe once a year since the creation of Japan according to the myth of Izanagi and Izanami. The onsen is mentioned as early as 733 in an entry in the Izumo Fudoki, an ancient record of the culture and geography of Izumo Province. The waters of Tamatsukuri are said to aid in the recovery from several ailments such as rheumatism, skin conditions, etc. The mineral content of the water is said to be beneficial to the skin, and is a popular destination with those interested in the area's ancient history, and its beauty benefits. Images

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tennis_Masters_Cup"}

Tennis tournament The 2001 Tennis Masters Cup was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 32nd edition of the year-end singles championships and was part of the 2001 ATP Tour. The tournament was held at the Sydney Superdome in Sydney, Australia from 12 November through 18 November 2001. The doubles competition was set to take place in Bangalore, India but was cancelled because of security fears following the September 11 attacks. A competition was held in early 2002, but it did not provide any ranking points and was held as the ATP World Doubles Challenge Cup. Champions Singles Lleyton Hewitt defeated Sébastien Grosjean 6–3, 6–3, 6–4 Doubles Competition cancelled replaced by 2001 Touchtel ATP World Doubles Challenge Cup.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berner_M._Bonifant"}

American politician Berner Monroe Bonifant (May 29, 1870 – May 30, 1931) was an American farmer and politician who served in the Virginia House of Delegates.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales_Z19_class_locomotive"}

The New South Wales Z19 class was a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotives operated by the New South Wales Government Railways of Australia. History By 1877, the main lines in New South Wales were nearing Tamworth, Wagga Wagga and Orange. The additional distances required an increase in motive power, especially as at that time, locomotives were changed after quite short journeys. They were only in service when manned by their regular crew. Between 1877 and 1881, the initial order of 50 of these 0-6-0 wheel arrangement locomotives were delivered from Beyer, Peacock & Company. Between 1880 and 1891, Beyer, Peacock delivered a further nine, and Sydney manufacturer Henry Vale, 18. The load which these locomotives could haul over the Blue Mountains line was 128 tonnes at 11–13 km/h. William Thow, the then Locomotive Engineer of the South Australian Railways, was commissioned by the New South Wales Government Railways in 1888 to enquire into the locomotives and rolling stock. He recommended modifications to this class as he considered them to be the best designed and proportioned of the locomotives then in service. This included Belpaire boilers and new cabs. Following the reclassification of locomotives in 1891, three additional similar locomotives were added to the class. With the arrival of the T class saw the class relegated to secondary roles and coal services in Newcastle. Between April 1902 and February 1910, fourteen were converted to 20 class 2-6-4 tank engines at Eveleigh Railway Workshops. By 1933 many had been withdrawn, with only 36 remaining in service. Some were sold for further use, including 1918 to Australian Iron & Steel. Having a short wheelbase and no leading bogie, the locomotives had a tendency to derail and they were ultimately restricted to a maximum speed of 40 km/h and relegated to shunting and branch line traffic. Driven slowly, they could negotiate the most appalling curves and badly maintained or unballasted tracks. They were therefore ideal in goods yards, such as Darling Harbour and Port Waratah with the last two withdrawn from the latter in August 1972. Branch lines such as those to Dorrigo, Batlow and Oberon where grades of up to 1 in 25 (4%) and curves as sharp as 100.6 m (5 chains) radius could be encountered were ideal for this class and these were the only locomotives permitted on these lines until dieselisation. Preservation Four have been preserved:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Steere"}

American gridiron football player (1927–2021) American football player Edward Richard Steere (March 2, 1927 – May 3, 2021) was an American football guard who played for the Philadelphia Eagles and Edmonton Eskimos. He played college football at Drake University, having previously attended Thornton Township High School in Harvey, Illinois. He died on May 3, 2021, at the age of 94.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Whiting_Stock"}

American painter Joseph Whiting Stock (January 30, 1815 – 1855) was an American painter known for his portraits, miniatures, and landscape paintings, many of which he did on commission. He was born on January 30, 1815, in Springfield, Massachusetts. When Stock was eleven years old, an oxcart fell on him and he was paraplegic for the rest of his life. After this accident, he began to study painting under Franklin White, a pupil of the painter Chester Harding, on the advice of his physician, and was commissioned to do a series of anatomical drawings by Dr. James Swan in 1834. That year, Dr. Swan constructed a wheelchair which enabled Stock to paint large canvasses and be lifted on trains so as to travel for commissions. For the next two decades Stock accepted commissions for portraits around New England, working in Warren and Bristol, Rhode Island, New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Middletown, Goshen, and Port Jervis, New York. His studios were located in his hometown of Springfield throughout this time. In 1855, Stock died of tuberculosis in Springfield. He was forty years old. Stock's paintings are sometimes confused with those of Clarissa Peters Russell, the miniaturist, as her style is similar to his but her work tends to be unsigned.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fattu_Chak"}

Village in Punjab, India Fattu Chak is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Fattu Chak. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, who is an elected representative. Demography According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Fattu Chak has a total number of 171 houses and population of 783 of which include 407 males and 376 females. Literacy rate of Fattu Chak is 74.44%, lower than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 71 which is 9.07% of total population of Fattu Chak, and child sex ratio is approximately 821, lower than state average of 846. As per census 2011, 248 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Fattu Chak which includes 219 males and 29 females. According to census survey report 2011, 96.37% workers describe their work as main work and 3.63% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Caste The village has schedule caste (SC) constitutes 53.51% of total population of the village and it doesn't have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population. Population data

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meymah,_Markazi"}

Village in Markazi, Iran Meymah (Persian: ميمه) is a village in Bayat Rural District, Nowbaran District, Saveh County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 28 families.

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River in Quebec, Canada The Petite rivière Niagarette (English: Little Niagarette River) is a tributary of the Niagarette River, crossing the municipalities of Saint-Thuribe and Saint-Casimir, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada. The course of the Petite rivière Niagarette descends first on 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) in the forest zone, then entirely in the agricultural environment; thus, forestry and agriculture are the main economic activities in this small valley. The surface of the Petite Niagarette River (except the rapids zones) is generally frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, but the safe circulation on the ice is generally made from the end of December to the beginning of March. Geography The Little Niagarette River rises at an altitude of 138 metres (453 ft), at the confluence of two streams, on the west side of "La Montagne" in Saint-Thuribe where a ski center is set up. This source is located in a forest area at: From its source, the course of the Little Niagarette River flows over 12.1 kilometres (7.5 mi) with a drop of 106 metres (348 ft) according to these segments: The Little Niagarette River flows on the west bank of the Niagarette River, on the west side of the center of the village of Saint-Casimir. History Two major floods have been reported in the history of the Niagarette River and the Little Niagarette River, in 1939 and in 1973. The waters of the Little Niagarette River rose by almost 4 meters during the night of September 5 to 6, 1973, following a 6 cm rain accumulation. Toponymy The toponyms "Little Niagarette River" and "Niagarette River" are linked. The toponym "Petite rivière Niagarette" was formalized on August 17, 1978, at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec. Bibliography

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegomorphus_nigromaculatus"}

Species of beetle Aegomorphus nigromaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1962.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Nebelhorn_Trophy"}

The 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy took place between August 25 and 28, 1998 at the Bundesleistungszentrum Oberstdorf. It is an international senior-level figure skating competition organized by the Deutsche Eislauf-Union and held annually in Oberstdorf, Germany. The competition is named after the Nebelhorn, a nearby mountain. Skaters were entered by their respective national federations, rather than receiving individual invitations as in the Grand Prix of Figure Skating, and competed in four disciplines: men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The Fritz-Geiger-Memorial Trophy was presented to the country with the highest placements across all disciplines. Results Men Ladies Pairs Ice dance

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodia_gallica"}

Species of sponge Geodia gallica is a species of sponge in the family Geodiidae. The species was first described by Lendenfeld in 1907. It is found in the coastal waters of Agulhas Bank, next to South Africa. Bibliography

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assignment_problem"}

Combinatorial optimization problem The assignment problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem. In its most general form, the problem is as follows: The problem instance has a number of agents and a number of tasks. Any agent can be assigned to perform any task, incurring some cost that may vary depending on the agent-task assignment. It is required to perform as many tasks as possible by assigning at most one agent to each task and at most one task to each agent, in such a way that the total cost of the assignment is minimized. Alternatively, describing the problem using graph theory: The assignment problem consists of finding, in a weighted bipartite graph, a matching of a given size, in which the sum of weights of the edges is minimum. If the numbers of agents and tasks are equal, then the problem is called balanced assignment. Otherwise, it is called unbalanced assignment. If the total cost of the assignment for all tasks is equal to the sum of the costs for each agent (or the sum of the costs for each task, which is the same thing in this case), then the problem is called linear assignment. Commonly, when speaking of the assignment problem without any additional qualification, then the linear balanced assignment problem is meant. Examples Suppose that a taxi firm has three taxis (the agents) available, and three customers (the tasks) wishing to be picked up as soon as possible. The firm prides itself on speedy pickups, so for each taxi the "cost" of picking up a particular customer will depend on the time taken for the taxi to reach the pickup point. This is a balanced assignment problem. Its solution is whichever combination of taxis and customers results in the least total cost. Now, suppose that there are four taxis available, but still only three customers. This is an unbalanced assignment problem. One way to solve it is to invent a fourth dummy task, perhaps called "sitting still doing nothing", with a cost of 0 for the taxi assigned to it. This reduces the problem to a balanced assignment problem, which can then be solved in the usual way and still give the best solution to the problem. Similar adjustments can be done in order to allow more tasks than agents, tasks to which multiple agents must be assigned (for instance, a group of more customers than will fit in one taxi), or maximizing profit rather than minimizing cost. Formal definition The formal definition of the assignment problem (or linear assignment problem) is Given two sets, A and T, of equal size, together with a weight function C : A × T → R. Find a bijection f : A → T such that the cost function: is minimized. Usually the weight function is viewed as a square real-valued matrix C, so that the cost function is written down as: The problem is "linear" because the cost function to be optimized as well as all the constraints contain only linear terms. Algorithms A naive solution for the assignment problem is to check all the assignments and calculate the cost of each one. This may be very inefficient since, with n agents and n tasks, there are n! (factorial of n) different assignments. Fortunately, there are many algorithms for solving the problem in time polynomial in n. The assignment problem is a special case of the transportation problem, which is a special case of the minimum cost flow problem, which in turn is a special case of a linear program. While it is possible to solve any of these problems using the simplex algorithm, each specialization has a smaller solution space and thus more efficient algorithms designed to take advantage of its special structure. Balanced assignment In the balanced assignment problem, both parts of the bipartite graph have the same number of vertices, denoted by n. One of the first polynomial-time algorithms for balanced assignment was the Hungarian algorithm. It is a global algorithm – it is based on improving a matching along augmenting paths (alternating paths between unmatched vertices). Its run-time complexity, when using Fibonacci heaps, is , where m is a number of edges. This is currently the fastest run-time of a strongly polynomial algorithm for this problem. If all weights are integers, then the run-time can be improved to , but the resulting algorithm is only weakly-polynomial. If the weights are integers, and all weights are at most C (where C>1 is some integer), then the problem can be solved in weakly-polynomial time in a method called weight scaling. In addition to the global methods, there are local methods which are based on finding local updates (rather than full augmenting paths). These methods have worse asymptotic runtime guarantees, but they often work better in practice. These algorithms are called auction algorithms, push-relabel algorithms, or preflow-push algorithms. Some of these algorithms were shown to be equivalent. Some of the local methods assume that the graph admits a perfect matching; if this is not the case, then some of these methods might run forever. A simple technical way to solve this problem is to extend the input graph to a complete bipartite graph, by adding artificial edges with very large weights. These weights should exceed the weights of all existing matchings, to prevent appearance of artificial edges in the possible solution. As shown by Mulmuley, Vazirani and Vazirani, the problem of minimum weight perfect matching is converted to finding minors in the adjacency matrix of a graph. Using the isolation lemma, a minimum weight perfect matching in a graph can be found with probability at least 1⁄2. For a graph with n vertices, it requires time. Unbalanced assignment In the unbalanced assignment problem, the larger part of the bipartite graph has n vertices and the smaller part has r<n vertices. There is also a constant s which is at most the cardinality of a maximum matching in the graph. The goal is to find a minimum-cost matching of size exactly s. The most common case is the case in which the graph admits a one-sided-perfect matching (i.e., a matching of size r), and s=r. Unbalanced assignment can be reduced to a balanced assignment. The naive reduction is to add new vertices to the smaller part and connect them to the larger part using edges of cost 0. However, this requires new edges. A more efficient reduction is called the doubling technique. Here, a new graph G' is built from two copies of the original graph G: a forward copy Gf and a backward copy Gb. The backward copy is "flipped", so that, in each side of G', there are now n+r vertices. Between the copies, we need to add two kinds of linking edges: All in all, at most new edges are required. The resulting graph always has a perfect matching of size . A minimum-cost perfect matching in this graph must consist of minimum-cost maximum-cardinality matchings in Gf and Gb. The main problem with this doubling technique is that there is no speed gain when . Instead of using reduction, the unbalanced assignment problem can be solved by directly generalizing existing algorithms for balanced assignment. The Hungarian algorithm can be generalized to solve the problem in strongly-polynomial time. In particular, if s=r then the runtime is . If the weights are integers, then Thorup's method can be used to get a runtime of . Solution by linear programming The assignment problem can be solved by presenting it as a linear program. For convenience we will present the maximization problem. Each edge (i,j), where i is in A and j is in T, has a weight . For each edge we have a variable . The variable is 1 if the edge is contained in the matching and 0 otherwise, so we set the domain constraints: The total weight of the matching is: . The goal is to find a maximum-weight perfect matching. To guarantee that the variables indeed represent a perfect matching, we add constraints saying that each vertex is adjacent to exactly one edge in the matching, i.e., . All in all we have the following LP: This is an integer linear program. However, we can solve it without the integrality constraints (i.e., drop the last constraint), using standard methods for solving continuous linear programs. While this formulation allows also fractional variable values, in this special case, the LP always has an optimal solution where the variables take integer values. This is because the constraint matrix of the fractional LP is totally unimodular – it satisfies the four conditions of Hoffman and Gale. Other methods and approximation algorithms Other approaches for the assignment problem exist and are reviewed by Duan and Pettie (see Table II). Their work proposes an approximation algorithm for the assignment problem (and the more general maximum weight matching problem), which runs in linear time for any fixed error bound. Generalization When phrased as a graph theory problem, the assignment problem can be extended from bipartite graphs to arbitrary graphs. The corresponding problem, of finding a matching in a weighted graph where the sum of weights is maximized, is called the maximum weight matching problem. Another generalization of the assignment problem is extending the number of sets to be matched from two to many. So that rather than matching agents to tasks, the problem is extended to matching agents to tasks to time intervals to locations. This results in Multidimensional assignment problem (MAP). References and further reading

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylomelum_cunninghamianum"}

Species of tree in the family Proteaceae from Australia Xylomelum cunninghamianum is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow elliptic to lance-shaped leaves with toothed edges when young, groups of flowers covered with brownish hairs and oval fruit densely covered with velvety rust-coloured to grey hair. Description Xylomelum cunninghamianum is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 12 m (39 ft) with its new growth covered with short, brownish hair. The leaves are narrow elliptic to lance-shaped with a pointed tip, 80–120 mm (3.1–4.7 in) long and 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) wide. Its juvenile leaves are 80–150 mm (3.1–5.9 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) wide with up to five large teeth on each side. The flowers are arranged on spikes 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) long, each flower 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long and covered with short brown hairs. Flowering occurs from February to May and the fruit is an oval follicle 60–90 mm (2.4–3.5 in) long and 30–45 mm (1.2–1.8 in) wide covered with velvety rust-coloured to grey hair. The seeds are pale brown, 59–70 mm (2.3–2.8 in) long and 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) wide. This species differs from X. pyriforme by its more robust habit, and larger leaves, flowers and fruits. Taxonomy Xylomelum cunninghamianum was first formally described in 1987 by Donald Bruce Foreman in the journal Muelleria from specimens he collected near Wallangra in 1985. The specific epithet (cunninghamianum) honours Allan Cunningham. Distribution and habitat Xylomelum cunninghamianum grows in forest and woodland in sandy soil and is found in scattered population from the Blackdown Tableland National Park in inland south-eastern Queensland to the Coolatai-Wallangra area in north-eastern New South Wales.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripleman%C3%ADa_XXVIII"}

2020 Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide event Triplemanía XXVIII was a professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA). The event was originally scheduled to take place on August 22, 2020 at Arena Ciudad de México in Mexico City, but was moved to December 12 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It marked the 28th year in a row that AAA has held a Triplemanía show, and the 34th overall show held under the Triplemanía banner since 1993. The annual Triplemanía show is AAA's biggest event of the year, serving as the culmination of major storylines in what has been described as AAA's version of WrestleMania or their Super Bowl event. In the main event match, Pagano successfully defended his hair and won the hair of Chessman in a Lucha de Apuestas Hair vs. Hair match. In other prominent matches, Kenny Omega defeated Laredo Kid to successfully defend the AAA Mega Championship and Lady Shani won the inaugural Copa Triplemanía Femenil. The event also hosted the first match of Marvel's Lucha Libre Edition project, during which Terror Púrpura and Venenoide defeated Aracno and Leyenda Americana. Production Background 2020 marked the 28th year that the Mexican professional wrestling company Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (Triple A or AAA) has held their annual flagship Triplemanía show. Triplemanía is the company's biggest show of the year, the AAA equivalent of WWE's WrestleMania or New Japan Pro-Wrestling's Wrestle Kingdom event. Triplemanía XXVIII will be the 34th overall Triplemanía show promoted by AAA (AAA promoted multiple Triplemanía shows over the summers of 1994 to 1997). Since the 2012 event, Triplemanía has taken place at the Arena Ciudad de México (Mexico City Arena), an indoor arena in Azcapotzalco, Mexico City, Mexico that has a maximum capacity of 22,300 spectators. Triplemanía XXVIII was originally scheduled to take place on August 22, 2020, but was later postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During a virtual press conference on October 26, AAA announced that the event would be held at Arena Ciudad de México in December 2020. On November 20, 2020, Lucha Central reported that Triplemanía would be held on December 26; AAA later stated that the Lucha Central report was incorrect and the event would occur on December 12 in Arena Ciudad de México. On November 30, AAA announced that the event would be held behind closed doors due to the worsening pandemic. Storylines Triplemanía XXVIII featured seven professional wrestling matches, with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed either heels (referred to as rudos in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (técnicos in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they engaged in a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match. On October 19, 2019 at Héroes Inmortales XIII, All Elite Wrestling's (AEW) Kenny Omega defeated Fénix to win the AAA Mega Championship. Omega subsequently defended the title successfully four times in both AAA and AEW. On October 26, 2020, during a virtual press conference, AAA announced that Omega would make his fifth defense of the championship at Triplemanía against Laredo Kid. On March 11, 2020, it was announced that Pagano and Chessman would participate in a Lucha de Apuestas Hair vs. Hair match at Triplemanía. The two would brawl at the Triplemanía press conference following the match's announcement. On October 26, 2020, during a virtual press conference, AAA announced that they had entered into a partnership with Marvel Comics to promote the new Marvel Lucha Libre Edition Funko Pop line. As part of the partnership, AAA will host a Marvel tag team exhibition match at Triplemanía, which will pit Spider-Man and Captain America against Thanos and Venom (known respectively in Mexico as Aracno and Leyenda Americana and Terror Púrpura and Venenoide); all four characters appear in the Lucha Libre Edition line. Cancelled matches Triplemanía XXVIII was originally planned to be themed around the Héroe o Villano tournament, which would have featured wrestlers from AAA's American partners AEW and Impact Wrestling. On March 11, 2020, it was announced that the tournament would culminate in a five-man match at Triplemanía. The match was removed from the card during a virtual press conference on October 26, 2020. On March 11, 2020, it was announced that Triplemanía XXVIII would feature a Parejas Suicidas Tag Team Tournament, where the team that lost in the finals would have to face each other in a Lucha de Apuestas Mask vs. Mask match. It was later announced that Jinetes del Aire (Myzteziz Jr. and Octagon Jr.), La Parka Negra and Dave the Clown, Aero Star and Drago, and Los Lucha Brothers (Fénix and Pentagón Jr.) were the teams participating in the tournament. The tournament was removed from the card during a virtual press conference on October 26, 2020. On September 15, 2019, at Lucha Invades NY, Taya Valkyrie (who previously wrestled for AAA as simply Taya) defeated Tessa Blanchard to become a three-time AAA Reina de Reinas Champion. On November 20, 2020, Lucha Central reported that Valkyrie would defend her championship against Lady Shani at Triplemanía. The match was later removed from the card. Results

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillandsia_novakii"}

Tillandsia novakii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Mexico.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Gibson_Humphreys"}

American novelist Sarah Gibson Humphreys (née, Gibson; May 17, 1830 – May 31, 1907) was an American author and suffragist. In her day, Humphreys was the only woman in the United States ever put on the board of directors of a public road by the vote of the officers and stockholders, and probably the only one ever elected to the office of public lecturer to an Alliance lodge. She was known in Kentucky for her table settings and cooking. Humphreys died in 1907. Early life and education Sarah Thompson Gibson was born in Warren County, Mississippi, on May 17, 1830. Her father was Tobias Gibson, and her mother was Louisiana Breckenridge Hart, of Kentucky. Sarah was a niece of Louisiana Senator, Randall L. Gibson. Until she was 14, Humphreys' education was supervised by her parents, although the most accomplished teachers were employed to instruct her. At 14, she was sent to the school of Miss Margaret Mercer, of Loudoun County, Virginia. For three years, she studied in the French school of Charles Picot in Philadelphia. Her mother died soon after her return from school, and she assumed the charge of her father's summer home in Lexington, Kentucky, as well as the winter plantation home in Louisiana, and took the place of her mother in the care and control of six brothers younger than herself, and an infant sister. Career In 1853, she married Joseph Alexander Humphreys, of Kentucky. He died February 15, 1863, leaving her with a family of little children to bring up and a large estate to manage unaided. After the children got older and she was relieved of some financial responsibilities, Humphreys was able to follow her inclination in literary pursuits and the cause of the emancipation of woman. Her first literary work was a novel, which she wrote when only 13, and which was never published. For at least 10 years, she contributed stories, essays, letters, and sketches to various magazines and papers, always over a pen name. One of her contributions to Bedford's Magazine was the "Negro Libertines in the South." The most original of Humphrey's literary productions was an article read before the Convention of the Kentucky Equal Rights Association on "Man and Woman in the Bible and in Nature," in which she advanced the theory of the sexual duality of God, of the Adam made in His image, and of all His creatures which were in the beginning spiritual. Through social persecution for her advanced position, the responsibilities of being a wife, mother, and widow, the word "Liberty" became a talisman to her. In her day, Humphreys was the only woman in the United States ever put on the board of directors of a public road by the vote of the officers and stockholders, and probably the only one ever elected to the office of public lecturer to an Alliance lodge. Death Sarah Gibson Humphreys died May 31, 1907.

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The Filipino Journal is a newspaper published bimonthly in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It features not only Filipino news in Winnipeg and the Philippines but also topics on Filipino culture, arts, music, and literature. It was founded in 1987.

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State park in Alabama, United States Wind Creek State Park is a public recreation area located 7 miles (11 km) south of Alexander City, Alabama, on the western side of Lake Martin, a 41,000-acre (17,000 ha) reservoir on the Tallapoosa River. The state park occupies 1,445 acres (585 ha) and is managed by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Activities and amenities The park offers boating, fishing, swimming, picnicking, hiking and equestrian trails, a large camping area, and rental cabins. A grain silo built in 1915 that sits on the edge of the lake is topped by a viewing platform and has a nature center in its base. The park has equestrian trails totalling over 20 miles (32 km) and two hiking trails that total more than 5 miles (8.0 km) in length. Its trail system was designated as a National Recreation Trail in 2011. The park has nearly 600 camping sites in one of the largest state-owned campgrounds in the United States. Park events include fishing competitions and skiing/wake-boarding shows. The park also has multiple playgrounds.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govhar_Beydullayeva"}

Azerbaijani chess player (born 2003) Govhar Beydullayeva (Azerbaijani: Gövhər Bəydullayeva; born 23 April 2003) is an Azerbaijani chess Grandmaster (WGM 2022). She is the 2022 World Girls U-20 Champion as well as the World Girl's U18 Champion in 2021. Early Years Govhar Beydullayeva was born in Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia on April 23, 2003. Govhar's parents are from the Agsu District of Azerbaijan. When she was 4, her father taught her how to play chess. After moving Azerbaijan she started to go to the chess club with her little sister at the age of 6. Chess career World and European championships Govhar Beydullayeva repeatedly represented Azerbaijan at the European Youth Chess Championships and World Youth Chess Championships in different age groups, where she won three medals: gold medal (in 2017, at the European Youth Chess Championship in the U14 girls age group) and two silver medals (in 2014, at the European Youth Chess Championship in the U12 girls age group, and in 2015, at the European Youth Chess Championship in the U12 girls age group). In 2013, Govhar Beydullayeva won European Youth Rapid Chess Championship in the U10 girls age group. In August 2018, she ranked 4th in the European Youth Chess Championship in the U16 girls age group. In 2021, she won the World Cup among girls under 18. In the same year she won Girls U18 Fide World Youth Super Final. In april 2022, she won the women's gold medal at the 2022 European Individual Chess Championship. In october 2022, she won Girls World Junior Chess Championship in Sardegna, Italia. Team Govhar Beydullayeva is a member of Azerbaijan women's national team. Govhar Beydullayeva played for Azerbaijan-3 team in the Women's Chess Olympiad: In 2019, she played for gold medal winner national youth team of Azerbaijan in World Youth Chess Olympiad Under 16. She represented Azerbaijan at the European women's team chess championship 2021. Azerbaijan team won bronze medal behind gold medallists Russia and silver medallists Georgia. Azerbaijan Championships In 2012, Govhar Beydullayeva won Azerbaijani Youth Chess Championship in the U10 girls age group, then she repeated this success for three times in the years of 2013, 2015 and 2016 Govhar Beydullayeva repeatedly participated in Azerbaijan national women's chess championships, where she won 5 medals: two gold medals (in the years of 2022 and 2023 ), two silver medals (in the years of 2020 and 2021,) and bronze (in 2019 ) Other victories Besides the European and the world championships Govhar Beydullayeva has won many prizes in other International tournaments. In 2011, 2012, 2013, she won 1st place among her age group in the C category of Baku open international tournament. In 2014, she played well in B category of "Baku Open 2014" festival. She scored 7 out of 9 and took 5th place. Also she gained 189 ELO points. In 2017, with the score of 10 out of 10, Govhar Beydullayeva won the "Mikhail Botvinnik cup" which was held in Moscow Russia. In 2021, she won silver medal among women in "Serbia Open Masters" tournament which was held in Belgrade, Serbia.

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Icelandic handball player Hafdís Renötudóttir (born 12 July 1997) is an Icelandic professional handball player and a member of the Icelandic national team. Career Hafdís came up through the junior ranks of Fram but moved to Stjarnan in 2016. She won the Icelandic Cup in 2017 with Stjarnan, where she had 16 saves in the finals game against her former team, Fram. In 2017 she signed with SønderjyskE Håndbold of the Danish Women's Handball League. In February 2018, she agreed to sign with Norwegian club Sola HK for the upcoming 2018-2019 Eliteserien season. On 4 September 2019, Hafdís signed a 2-year contract with Fram. She won the Icelandic Cup with the team and was named the Goalkeeper of the Year. After not playing at the start of the 2020-21 season due to a concussion, Hafdís signed with Swedish club Lugi HF in October 2020. After a two weeks with the team, she suffered her third concussion in four months and as a result was contemplating retiring from handball. Referencer

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hanging_Garden_(song)"}

1982 single by The Cure "The Hanging Garden" is a song by English rock band the Cure, released as the sole single from their fourth studio album, Pornography. The release is sometimes referred to as A Single. The single reached No. 34 in the UK Singles Chart. Music video The video shows the band playing in the York House Gardens in London, England. The band also wears masks, which is similar to the concept of the Pornography album. Robert Smith recalled: "For the 'Hanging Garden' video we got two people who did Madness videos but it was a really awful video. They wanted to make us look serious and we wanted them to make us look like Madness". The video was directed by Chris Gabrin. Release In addition to being released as a 7" single featuring "The Hanging Garden" and "Killing an Arab", "The Hanging Garden" was also released as A Single, a gatefold double pack of 7" singles with a total of four tracks. It was also released as a 10" record which contained all four songs from the double 7" pack. Reception NME writer Adrian Thrills was not impressed with the single, writing, "The Cure have drifted disappointingly and indulgently from the idyllic pop invention of their younger days". BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel included the song at No. 25 in his Festive Fifty list for 1982. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Stewart Mason wrote that the song was heavily influenced by Siouxsie and the Banshees. "The urgent, thundering drums that underpin "The Hanging Garden" are clearly some sort of homage to Budgie, who provided very similar drum patterns to years' worth of Siouxsie & the Banshees songs. Similarly, Simon Gallup's bass borrows something from Steven Severin's insistent throb, and Smith's own guitar is primarily used for drones and ornamentation, much as it was in the Banshees". Track listing Double pack Side A Side B – recorded April 27, 1982, at the Manchester Apollo Personnel

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiphasia_setifer"}

Species of fish Xiphasia setifer, the hairtail blenny or the snake blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans. This species reaches 53 cm (21 in) in SL and is the longest species of combtooth blenny. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penitent_Saint_Jerome_(Cosm%C3%A8_Tura)"}

Painting by Cosimo Tura Penitent Saint Jerome is a painting in oil and tempera on panel by Cosmè Tura, probably of around 1470, which has been in the National Gallery in London since 1867. The work is recorded in the Constabili collection and appears in an 1851 inventory of the Barbi Cinti collection in Ferrara, where it is related to a fragment of the Crucified Christ by the same artist which at that time was in the same collection. Now in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan, the fragment formed part of the top-left of the Penitent Saint Jerome, which was later cut down, and depicted a vision seen by the Franciscan monk in the right background in which the monk received the stigmata. By 1903 the fragment was owned by the art dealer Giuseppe Guetta, from whom it was acquired by its present owner at the suggestion of Adolfo Venturi.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goleba_puella"}

Species of spider Goleba puella is the type species of jumping spider in the genus Goleba. The species has been identified in Angola, Congo, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1885. Initially placed in the genus Asemonea , the species was moved to Goleba in 1980 by Fred Wanless.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Iltis"}

American botanist (1925 – 2016) Hugh Iltis (April 7, 1925 – December 19, 2016) was a professor of botany and director of the herbarium at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. While he is most noted as a scientist for his role in the discovery of perennial teosinte (Zea diploperennis), a wild diploid relative of modern maize (Zea mays), he is also remembered as an outspoken environmental conservationist. Life and work He was born Hugo Hellmut Iltis to Anni (née Liebscher) and Hugo Iltis, a botanist and geneticist who was a life sciences teacher at the German-language gymnasium of Brünn (Brno). His father was also the first biographer of Gregor Mendel and a vocal opponent of Nazi "racial science". In the fall of 1938, the Iltis family was granted visas to enter the United States thanks to the intercession of the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars, along with affidavits of endorsement from Albert Einstein and Franz Boas. In January 1939, when Hitler's military was preparing the invasion of Czechoslovakia, thirteen-year-old Hugo escaped with his mother and his older brother Wilfred on a harrowing train ride that traversed Nazi Germany to France. He recalled that during a midnight stop at the Stuttgart station, Gestapo officers combed the train, removing ten passengers; the Iltises survived because the boys pretended to be asleep while their mother bluffed that she was the wife of a French diplomat. In Cherbourg, they were joined by Hugo Iltis and boarded the passenger ship RMS Aquitania for the Atlantic crossing. They settled in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where the senior Hugo Iltis was soon appointed to a professorship in biology at Mary Washington College and the younger Hugo Americanized his name to Hugh Iltis. Iltis' undergraduate enrollment at the University of Tennessee was interrupted by service in the U.S. Army from 1944 to 1946, initially as a medic. Because of his native proficiency in German, he was transferred to an intelligence unit. After World War II, Iltis was stationed in Germany, where he participated in the interrogation of captive Wehrmacht and SS officers, including Heinrich Himmler, and processed documents to prosecute Nazi war crimes at Nuremberg. Iltis returned to the University of Tennessee, where he studied botany under Aaron J. Sharp. He carried out graduate studies at Washington University in St. Louis, where he received his Ph.D. in 1952 under the direction of Edgar Anderson. He was primarily trained in plant systematics and taxonomy, with a focus on the caper family (Capparaceae) and the spider-flower family (Cleomaceae). His first academic appointment was at the University of Arkansas from 1952 to 1955, and here he completed a study of the Capparaceae of Nevada. Later works formed a series, "Studies in the Capparaceae", which includes 24 publications, including newly described species and genera. An associated series of papers describes his research in the Cleomaceae. (At the time when he did his studies, the Cleomaceae was included in the Capparaceae.) In 1955, Iltis relocated to the Botany Department of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where in addition to directing the herbarium he regularly taught plant geography, taxonomy, and grass systematics. He arranged to purchase much of the Catholic University of America herbarium when it was deaccessioned. By the time of his retirement in 1993, he had directed 37 candidates pursuing graduate degrees, and he and his students had collected thousands of specimens throughout the Upper Midwest to document distributions of plant species, leading to the publication of the Atlas of the Wisconsin Prairie and Savanna Flora (2000) coauthored with Herbarium Curator Theodore Cochrane. Anecdotes abounded concerning his colorful, often imperious manner. One colleague poked fun at Iltis by taping on his office door a cartoon that showed a boss dictating to a secretary and concluding, "Type that up, make ten thousand copies, and send them to all the important people in the world." At the end of a public lecture, when an audience member asked flippantly, "What good is nature?" Iltis shot back, "What good are you?" Yet students flocked to his course on "Man's Need for Nature", and he was generous with his knowledge and his counsel. He cultivated strong ties with Latin American botanists, often hosting them for extended stays at his home located within the University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum. An avid naturalist, Iltis conducted numerous expeditions to Mexico and Central and South America to search for new discoveries. High in the Altiplano of southern Peru in 1962, he noticed a tiny flower that had not yet been classified by taxonomists. A full fifty years later, he and Harvey Ballard finally named it Viola lilliputana, and it was selected as one of the top ten new species of the year by the International Institute for Species Exploration. Iltis' work was of economic importance, because he identified new sources of genetic variability that have been used by horticultural breeders. On the same 1962 expedition to Peru, he spotted a wild tomato that he recorded as No. 832. He collected specimens for several herbaria, and sent samples and seeds to various specialists in the field. This plant turned out to be a new species of tomato with much higher sugar and solids content than domestically grown tomatoes. As a source for hybridization with domestic tomatoes, it has been used both to improve the flavor of tomatoes and to boost solids content. Iltis used taxonomic and morphological approaches to investigate the domestication of corn, tracing the changes that transformed an unpromising wild grass into one of the most important food crops. His work supported the view that domestic corn was derived from a species of teosinte, a group of grasses that grows wild in many areas of Mexico. It was generally believed that the original wild corn was extinct in the wild. Iltis used a hypothetical illustration of this plant for a New Year's greeting card that he sent to family and friends in 1976. This drawing prompted a Mexican colleague, Luz María Villarreal de Puga (1913–2013), to launch an intensive search for just such a plant, and one of her students, Rafael Guzmán, found it (or so he thought) growing in the wild. In 1978, Iltis led a team of botanists to the site and determined that it was in fact a heretofore unknown species of teosinte, Zea diploperennis, which is valued for its resistance to certain viruses. Iltis warned that the practice of collecting plants in tropical countries without involving local botanists and without depositing duplicate specimens in local herbaria would eventually cause trouble. And indeed, in recent years Brazil and some Andean countries have enacted laws that severely restrict field studies. Iltis was an outspoken environmentalist and conservationist, championing the preservation of threatened habitats to protect biodiversity. Some species of teosinte are critically endangered, and all face a growing threat as agricultural land use expands in Mexico. He campaigned with colleagues at the University of Guadalajara to protect the natural environment of Zea diploperennis by creating the 345,000-acre Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve. He cofounded the Wisconsin chapter of the Nature Conservancy in 1960 and helped establish Hawaii's Natural Areas Law of 1970. He was a leader in the campaign to ban DDT in Wisconsin, which in 1968 was the first U.S. state to do so. He also called for a moratorium on cutting virgin timber in the state. In a 1970 article, "Man First? Man Last? The Paradox of Human Ecology", he wrote: "If we are to usher in an Age of Ecologic Reason, we must accept the certainty of a radical economic and political restructuring as well as ethical and cultural restructuring of society. No more expanding populations.... We must stop and limit ourselves now." Iltis fathered four sons, Frank and Michael by his first wife, Grace Schaffel, and David and John by his second wife, Carolyn Merchant. He and his third wife, Sharyn Wisniewski (1950–2013), endowed a fund at the University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Botany to support graduate student fieldwork in plant systematics. He remained active up to his death in Madison at age 91 from complications of vascular disease. His papers are preserved in the archives of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Honors Fellow botanists have honored Iltis by naming two genera and 19 species of plants after him. He received the Asa Gray Award of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists (1994) and a Merit Award of the Botanical Society of America (1996). Internationally, he received a Contribución Distinguida award from the president of Mexico for his role in establishing the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve (1987), the Luz María Villarreal de Puga Medal from the University of Guadalajara (1994), and an honorary doctorate from the same university (2007). He received the Sol Feinstone Environmental Award conferred by the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (1990), the National Wildlife Federation's Merit Award (1992), and the Society for Conservation Biology Service Award (1994). On Earth Day 2017, he was posthumously inducted into the Wisconsin Conservation Hall of Fame. Selected publications The standard author abbreviation Iltis is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Lebanon_(AK-191)"}

Cargo ship of the United States Navy USS Lebanon (AK-191) was a Alamosa-class cargo ship constructed for the US Navy during the end of World War II. However, as the war was ending, the need for additional cargo ships was found not necessary and Lebanon was sold for commercial service. Construction Lebanon, the second U.S. Navy ship to bear that name, was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 2122, by Walter Butler Shipbuilding Co., Superior, Wisconsin, 15 May 1944; launched 14 October 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Charles E. Denny; acquired by the Navy 25 August 1945; and commissioned at New Orleans, Louisiana, 26 September 1945. Service history World War II-related service The end of World War II reduced the need for cargo ships and Lebanon decommissioned 15 November 1946. She was returned to the Maritime Commission the same day, was chartered to Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Inc., and renamed Coastal Archer. Merchant service Coastal Archer was used by several shipping companies from 1945–1948, when she was placed in the reserve fleet. On 13 July 1956, she was sold to Brazil under the condition that she be used for coastal shipping by Brazil. She was delivered on 22 August 1956. Her final disposition is unknown. Bibliography Online resources

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German footballer Günther Herrmann (born 11 September 1939) is a German former football who was capped nine times for the West Germany national team. He started his club career with Eintracht Trier (1956–1958) and Karlsruher SC (1958–1963). He moved to Schalke 04 for the 1963–64 season and made 110 league appearances for them over the next four seasons. He returned to Karlsruher SC for 1967–68, and then moved to FC Sion (1968–1975). Herrmann was a member of the German squad at the 1962 FIFA World Cup.

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Glacier in Antarctica Gannutz Glacier (70°24′S 162°11′E / 70.400°S 162.183°E / -70.400; 162.183Coordinates: 70°24′S 162°11′E / 70.400°S 162.183°E / -70.400; 162.183) is a smooth glacier which flows north from the Bowers Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica and enters the eastern part of Rennick Bay between Weeder Rock and Stuhlinger Ice Piedmont. It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–65, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Theodore P. Gannutz, a biologist at Hallett Station in the 1966–67 season, and station scientific leader at Palmer Station in 1968. The glacier lies on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.

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American football and baseball coach Gary Taylor is a former American football and baseball coach. He served as the head football coach at Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois for two seasons, from 1971 to 1972, compiling a record of 2–16.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Eba_Station"}

Pastoral lease in South Australia Coordinates: 30°10′44″S 135°39′50″E / 30.179°S 135.664°E / -30.179; 135.664 Mount Eba Station is a pastoral lease in outback South Australia that operates as a sheep station. It is located approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) north west of Roxby Downs and 158 kilometres (98 mi) south east of Coober Pedy. It shares boundaries with Millers Creek Station to the north, The Twins Station to the west, Bon Bon Reserve to the south, and Parakylia Station to the east. The property is named for the solitary hill that rises 400 feet (122 m) from the surrounding plains. The plains are mostly vegetated with mulga and saltbush, with salt pans interspersed throughout. Currently the property occupies an area of 3,380 square kilometres (1,305 sq mi). History Mount Eba was established by Price Maurice in 1874. At this time it encompassed as area of 5,538 square miles (14,343 km2) but was extremely isolated and had uncertain rainfall. Despite the high costs Maurice sank 83 wells of which 36 produced good water. The property was stocked intensively from 1878 to 1880, with numerous improvements, including the construction of buildings and a new woolshed, being completed. In 1879 there were between 80 and 100 men employed at Mount Eba. By 1884 the property was stocked with 18,500 sheep, 750 cattle and 270 horses. By 1901 the lease had been abandoned, like many others in the area, but left under a caretaker. The property encompassed 1,900 square miles (4,921 km2) at that time. By 1908 the property occupied an area of approximately 630 square miles (1,632 km2) and was stocked with 5,000 sheep. By 1914 the lessee was James Gemmel, who had rigged up a motor to his windmills to have sufficient water for his sheep. After World War I, but before 1923, the Jacob brothers acquired Mount Eba. At this time the 3,000-square-mile (7,770 km2) property was mostly running cattle, but the Jacobs intended to make the move back to sheep. The station by this time incorporated the Boolgunnia and The Twins pastoral leases. In 1939 Grant Matheson was the manager and part-owner. Matheson joined the RAAF during World War II and served as a squadron leader. He still owned the property in 1945. The property suffered a terrible drought from 1940 to 1944, with thousands of sheep dying. By 1947 H.R. Crombie was managing Mount Eba, although its size had been reduced from over 2,000 square miles (5,180 km2) to 850 square miles (2,201 km2). The property was once a small township when it was owned by the Crombie family in the 1950s. There were dozens of staff for the Woomera Rocket Range, as well as about thirty station-hands, housekeeping staff, and a bookkeeper. The property was acquired in 1979 by the Nitschke family who also owned neighbouring Millers Creek Station. Part of the Millers Creek lease was added in 1994. By 2007 the Prominent Hill mining lease commenced and parts of the station had to be destocked. By 2014 Mount Eba was on the market. At that time it was stocked with 11,000 merino sheep and 300 cattle. Mount Eba was the last property that had been owned by the Nitschkes to be sold. The land occupying the extent of the Mount Eba Station pastoral lease was gazetted as a locality in April 2013 under the name 'Mount Eba'.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leum_Uilleim"}

Leum Uilleim is a mountain in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland which appeared in the film Trainspotting. It is situated about 3 km south-west of the remote Corrour railway station, but is considerably further from any road.

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The 1993 Britannic Assurance County Championship was the 94th officially organised running of the County Championship. Middlesex won the Championship title. The season format switched to a logical one where only one match was played against each county resulting in 17 games played. This was the first time in the history of the Championship that this happened, although in 1892 there had been two matches against each county with the format of home and away matches. From 1993 onwards all matches were scheduled to take place over four days; this was a change from the format in place from 1988 to 1992 where a mixture of three- and four-day matches were played. Table

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Unincorporated community in Virginia, United States Duncan is an unincorporated community in Floyd County, Virginia, United States.

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Finnish cross-country skier Tauno Olavi Sipilä (7 November 1921, Multia, Central Finland - 9 July 2001) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the 1950s. At the 1954 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun, he finished fifth in the 30 km event. Sipilä also finished eighth in the 18 km event at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. Cross-country skiing results All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Olympic Games World Championships

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Triton_(YT-10)"}

Tugboat of the United States Navy The first USS Triton (later YT-10) was an iron-hulled tug purchased by the U.S. Navy in 1889. After more than 40 years of service as a Navy yard tug, she was sold off in 1930 and began a second career as a commercial tug. Triton was built in 1888, hull no. 287 at the John H. Dialogue shipyard in Camden, New Jersey. She was built for P. Dougherty & Company, a Baltimore-based towing firm, and named the Douglas H. Thomas after a prominent Baltimore banker with ties to local shipping. Her official U.S. number was 157229. Construction The Triton's hull was of riveted iron construction, with a long deckhouse topped by the pilot house. Her tonnage was 140.52 gross and 70.21 net. Her principal dimensions were: length 107 ft (33 m) overall and 96.75 ft (29.49 m) between perpendiculars; beam 20.6 ft (6.3 m), and hull depth 10.8 ft (3.3 m). She displaced 212 tons (216 Mtons) at a mean draft of 8 ft 10 in (2.69 m). She was fitted with a dual-furnace coal-burning Scotch (fire tube) boiler, 11 ft (3.4 m) long by 9 ft (2.7 m) diameter, with 0.712 in (18.1 mm) thick boiler plating. The boiler was rated for up to 150 psi (1,000 kPa), but ordinary working pressure was 120 psi (830 kPa). Coal capacity was 43 tons, and she burned about two tons per 24 hours. She was equipped with a 300 hp (220 kW) reversible triple expansion steam engine. Cylinder diameters were 13 in (330 mm), 21 in (530 mm), and 22 in (560 mm), with a 24 in (610 mm) stroke. Navy service Triton spent her entire career operating from the Washington Navy Yard at Washington, D.C. She frequently steamed down the Potomac River to the naval reservation at Indian Head, Maryland; during 1900 alone, she recorded 198 round-trips between Washington and Indian Head. During Triton's career, Indian Head was home first to the Naval Proving Grounds in the 1890s and then to the Naval Powder Factory during the first half of the 20th century; in all probability, Triton towed barges to Indian Head laden with materials to be used there in the testing of naval guns and in the production of gunpowder and explosives. On 17 July 1921, the Navy changed Triton's designation to "YT-10" (yard tug) in accordance with the new system of alphanumeric hull designations adopted that day. After 41 years of Navy service, the Triton was finally stricken from the Navy Directory on 19 May 1930, and sold on 15 September 1930. Subsequent history She was bought by a Boston-based towing firm in 1932 and named Melrose. Her steam propulsion system was replaced with a 640 hp (480 kW) diesel-electric system. She spent the next 13 years plying New England waters. In 1945, she was acquired by the Steers Sand and Gravel Company, of New York, and named J Rich Steers, then renamed Gwendoline Steers in 1951. She was lost with all nine crew members on 30 December 1962, at the entrance to Huntington Bay (Long Island Sound), NY, during a brutal winter gale.

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Species of beetle Pteroplatus atroviolaceus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Theodor Franz Wilhelm Kirsch in 1889.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_Helicopter"}

Kit aircraft manufacturer Safari Helicopter is an American kit aircraft manufacturer located in Hendersonville, Tennessee. The company was originally known as Canadian Home Rotors and then Safari Helicopter and was founded in Ear Falls, Ontario, Canada. It was purchased by the Marianna, Florida-based company CHR International in August 2009. Safari Helicopters moved their headquarters from Marianna, Florida to Hendersonville, Tennessee in 2021. Aircraft

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Vergini,_Macerata"}

Santa Maria della Vergini is a Renaissance-style, Roman Catholic church located at the intersection of Via Lattanzio Ventura, Via Galasso da Carpi, and Via Contrada di Santa Maria delle Virgini, southeast of the historic center of Macerata, region of Marche, Italy. History A church at the site likely dates to circa 1335. However, in 1533, Lorenzo De Carris painted an image of the Madonna delli Vergini, and by 1548 it was felt the image was performing miracles. In the small church of that time, a young girl, Barnadina di Bonino experienced an apparition of the Virgin. By the mid 16th century, a new church was begun and consecrated in 1573. The architect was Galasso da Carpi, and it is said the church is based on designs of Donato Bramante, who was said to be at work on the apse of the Basilica of the Holy House of Loreto. Among the interior decoration is a canvas depicting the Adoration of the Magi (1587) by Tintoretto. In the church is an embalmed crocodile, likely a curio brought back to Italy from the Holy Land.

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American television series American TV series or program Dr. Vegas is an American drama television series created by John Herzfeld and Jack Orman, starring Rob Lowe and Joe Pantoliano that ran on CBS from September 24, 2004 to September 6, 2006. It aired in Ireland on TG4, and on Challenge in the UK as part of its "Player" gambling strand. The series co-starred Sarah Lancaster, Amy Adams, and Tom Sizemore. Chazz Palminteri filled in for Tom Sizemore when the actor re-entered rehab in 2004. Broadcast of the ten-episode included a promotion prior to the end credits showing footage. Cast Production Dr. Vegas began a three-week shoot on April 5, 2004, at the Green Valley Ranch hotel and casino in Henderson, Nevada. Other filming locations included a casino penthouse and the Las Vegas Hilton's sign. A second unit film crew shot additional scenes of Las Vegas in August 2004. Episodes

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Greene_Legge"}

Deceased American theatre actress Amelia Greene Legge (1794, New York - 1873) was an American actress. She started acting in 1799 when she appeared on stage for the first time.[citation needed] Work Mrs. Stone started acting at a young age, first appearing on stage in 1799 in Charleston. She later starred in "Infidelity" in 1837, "Gaulantus the Gault" in 1839, and "The Destruction of Jerusalem" in 1839, all of which were written my her second husband, Nathaniel Bannister. In Mrs. Stone's active years, she was a member of New York's City Theatre Company, the Lafayette Amphitheatre company, and the New Chatham Theatre company.[citation needed] Family In 1821, Amelia Greene Legge married actor and playwright, John Augustus Stone. The two had a family of two boys, Christopher Lucius and Henry. The whole family moved to Philadelphia in 1831. In 1834, John was having periods of insanity from the grief of poverty. He took his own life by jumping into the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia leaving Mrs. Legge a widow. Mrs. Stone was remarried 1837 to a different actor and playwright, Nathaniel Bannister, with whom she worked for by starring in a selection of plays he wrote. After Nathaniel's death in 1847, Mrs. Stone did not remarry.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Ruoshui"}

Chinese philosopher (1926–2002) Wang Ruoshui (Chinese: 王若水; pinyin: Wáng Ruòshuǐ; Wade–Giles: Wang Jo-shui, 1926–2002), was a Chinese journalist, political theorist, and philosopher. He was born in Shanghai, and graduated from Peking University with a degree in philosophy. After working at the People's Daily for over three decades, Wang was expelled from the party in 1987 during the Anti-Bourgeois Liberalization Campaign, largely due to his long-standing vocal advocacy of Marxist humanism that led to the Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign in 1983. After his exile from the party, he went to United States as a visiting scholar to continue his research. Wang was known as a major exponent of Marxist humanism and of Chinese liberalism in the second half on his life. Early life and education Wang Ruoshui was born in Shanghai in 1926. At the age of four, his family moved to Hunan province, where he attended Yali High School. After the Second Sino-Japanese War started, Wang and his family moved to Sichuan, away from the front lines. In 1946, Wang went to Peking University to study philosophy. Two years later he graduated and joined the Communist Party. In the 1950s, Wang was a devotee of Maoism and took part in ideological campaigns targeting the previously popular ideas of Hu Shih, Liang Shuming, and Hu Feng. Later Wang became an advocate of "One Divides Into Two" and attacked Yang Xianzhen on the issue of "unity of thoughts and existence" over a long period. This came back to haunt him when Yang was rehabilitated in the 1970s. At People's Daily After working at Beijing Policy Research Office for a year after he graduated, Wang was assigned to the People's Daily in 1950. In November 1954, the Chief Editor of People's Daily ordered Wang to write articles criticizing Hu Shih. Wang wrote "Eliminating Hu Shih's Reactionary Philosophy" in a single day; this and several other articles he wrote at the time were praised by Mao. In April 1957, Wang's "Boldly Let Go - Implementing the Policy of 'A hundred of flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thoughts' (百家争鸣，百花齐放)" was again praised by Mao. In the year of 1963, Wang published "The Philosophy of the Table", which defended Mao's version of dialectical materialism, again winning praise from Mao. Before the Cultural Revolution, at the height of the Sino-Soviet split, Wang was recruited by Maoist literary henchman Zhou Yang to a group he was organizing to research and criticize the Marxist humanism which was then influential in the Eastern bloc. After the "September 13th incident" in 1971, Mao appointed Zhou Enlai to manage People's Daily. In response to Zhou's directive to criticize extreme leftism and Lin Biao, Wang published three articles on October 14, 1972, which were criticized by Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan. Wang wrote a letter to Mao with his complaints, and was suspended and sent to Red Star People's Commune at Daxing County for labour reform. Wang returned to the People's Daily in 1976; in 1977, he was promoted to the position of deputy editor in charge of commentary, theory and literature, under Hu Jiwei, one of the earliest critics of the Cultural Revolution. Soon after the downfall of the Maoists and far-left faction, Wang revealed that these much reviled "revisionist" doctrines had had a great impact on him, and had provided a lens through which he could understand and condemn the Cultural Revolution and the cult of Mao himself. In the early 1980s, Wang published "About the Concept Alienation", "Discussing the problem of Alienation", to introduce the concept of alienation to the Chinese readers; He also published "Man is the Starting Point of Marxism" and "A Defense of Humanism", advocating Marxist humanism. From 1978 to 1982, Wang served in the National People's Congress and as a commissioner at the Central Discipline Inspection Committee. In 1983, Wang was removed from the position of deputy editor of People's Daily as demanded by the director of CCP's propaganda department, Deng Liqun, at the same time as his divorce with his first wife Zhong Dan was concluded. In the fall of that year, he met Feng Yuan, a twenty-year-old journalism graduate student who just graduated from Fudan University. Wang married Feng in January 1987. For his support for the 1986 student movement and various opinions against the Chinese Communist Party, Wang was expelled from the Communist party in 1987 as a part of a campaign against "bourgeois liberalization". He continued to write trenchant criticisms of the regime, and conduct polemics against Mao's former secretary Hu Qiaomu (1912-1993), a doctrinaire Marxist who had been behind his expulsion from the Party. Later life and research After expelled from the party in 1987, Wang chose to continue on his research. In the year of 1989 and 1993, he was invited as a visiting scholar by the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard University. In the year 1994, he went to UC Berkeley as a visiting professor. In June 1996, Wang was diagnosed with lung cancer, which eventually led to his death. When asked for his will before surgery the next month, Wang dictated the outline for three essays he was planning to write. Later in 1998, Wang spent a semester as a visiting professor at Lund University in Sweden. In 2000, Wang returned to Harvard University when his wife Feng Yuan received the Nieman Fellowship. In September 2001, he gave his last-ever speech to an audience of graduate students there. Wang died in his sleep on January 9, 2002. Writing In his early years, he was a firm Marxist. Though he was later known as an exponent of Marxist humanism, initially he was one of its opponents. In 1963, the same year Mao praised his "The Philosophy of Table", he was assigned to a group to create brochures criticizing humanism, which was generally regarded as a bourgeois ideology.. According to Wang himself, his attitude toward humanism was the same as that of the others in the group. However, as a philosopher, Wang constantly developed his views and revised his opinions, especially when he witnessed political changes that led him to question his beliefs, such as when Mao selected Lin Biao, who endorsed the deification of Mao, as his successor. When the Cultural Revolution ended, Wang published several articles to criticize the movement and the cult of Mao. Some of his most famous works about Marxist humanism and alienation were published at that time. In the year of 1987, he was asked to leave the Party for "bourgeois liberalization"; he refused and was later expelled. Afterwards, Wang managed to publish previously suppressed works through publishers based in Hong Kong. Those works, while elaborating on his latest research on humanism and Mao, also revealed intimate details of the political struggles he previously involved in and his own growth as a thinker. Even near the end of his life in Boston, he still managed to record some of his thoughts with the help of his wife Feng Yuan. Major works

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Island in Antarctica Cono Island is a conspicuous conical island lying south of the Chatos Islands, off the southwest part of Adelaide Island. The feature was descriptively named Islote Cono (cone islet) by the Argentine Antarctic Expedition of 1952–53.

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American politician from Idaho Rod Furniss is an American businessman and politician serving as a member of the Idaho House of Representatives for District 35, seat B. Early life and education Furniss was born in Rigby, Idaho and grew up in Menan. He attended Rigby High School. Furniss attended Ricks College. In 1983, Furniss earned an associate degree in accounting and business management from Brigham Young University–Idaho. In 1985, Furniss earned as bachelor's degree in finance and financial management services from Idaho State University. Career Furniss is a former missionary for Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints) in Argentina. In 1986, Furniss became an Independent Agent with Rod Furniss Chartered Life Underwriter. Furniss is in the insurance and investment business. Furniss is a life insurance underwriter and financial consultant. On November 6, 2018, Furniss won the election and became a member of Idaho House of Representatives for District 35, seat B. Furniss defeated Jerry L. Browne with 83.7% of the votes. Personal life Furniss' wife is Jan Furniss. They have five children.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBAP_(gene)"}

Glucosidase, beta; acid, pseudogene, also known as GBAP, is a human gene.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations"}

Bilateral relations Democratic Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Congo-Léopoldville or Zaire (modern day Democratic Republic of the Congo) and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1961, and the two maintained embassies in each other's capitals. History Both countries were active members of the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War. Congo Crisis was one of the central issues at the time of the establishment of the movement and its first Belgrade conference. During the 15th session of the United Nations General Assembly non-aligned countries from Africa and Asia together with Yugoslavia repeatedly initiated discussion on the situation in Congo. Following the execution of Patrice Lumumba, Congo's first democratically elected prime minister, demonstrations started in Yugoslav capital Belgrade which escalated in ransacking of the Belgian Embassy. At the second 1964 Non-Aligned Conference in Cairo Yugoslav delegation opposed active participation (and entrance to the conference room) of the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Moïse Tshombe due to his role in Lumumba's execution. As Lumumba was perceived as a symbol of Decolonisation of Africa Tshombe was despised by most of African delegations as well. Yugoslav delegation's view was supported by the President of Algeria Ahmed Ben Bella, President of Egypt and host Gamal Abdel Nasser and Prime Minister of Sri Lanka Sirimavo Bandaranaike. To accommodate rising numbers of students at the University of Belgrade authorities opened the Student Dormitory Patris Lumumba in 1961, the name kept up until today (as of 2021). At the 1974 FIFA World Cup Yugoslavia national football team achieved one of its best score by beating the DR Congo national football team with the result 9:0. On 21 May 1980 Democratic Republic of the Congo and Yugoslavia, together with Tanzania and Zambia proposed an draft resolution to the World Health Assembly to extend the assistance in the health sector to the newly independent Republic of Zimbabwe which was affected by the consequences of the Zimbabwe War of Liberation. At the time of the breakup of Yugoslavia Zaire, together with Zimbabwe, tried to lobby of behalf of the rump Federal Republic of Yugoslavia yet their efforts led to limited or no success in the situation of international unipolarity and condemnation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia involvement in Bosnian War and Croatia.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Cornwall_Legh"}

Mary Helena Cornwall Legh, (20 May 1857 – 18 December 1941) also known as ("Nellie" Cornwall Legh) was a British Anglican missionary, who late in life devoted herself to the welfare, education and medical care of leprosy patients in Kusatsu, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Background and early life Cornwall Legh was born in 1857 at Canterbury, England, into a prominent Cheshire family. Her father, Brigadier Edmund Cornwall Legh O.B. was a decorated veteran of British military campaigns in Crimea and India. He died of reported heat stroke in India at the age of 37 when Mary was only two years old. Cornwall Legh's early years were spent with her widowed mother and younger brother Neville at her uncle, George Cornwall Legh M.P.'s estate at High Legh in Cheshire. She regularly visited London and in later life credited the influence of Rev. George Wilkinson then Vicar at St. Peter's Church, Eaton Square with her lifelong interest in overseas Christian mission work. She traveled widely in Europe with her mother Julia, became a published children's author, studied music and drawing in France, education, economics, languages and English literature graduating in 1886 with an LLA degree from St. Andrew's University in Scotland. After traveling around the world with her mother Julia in 1892 and 1893, briefly visiting Japan en route, Cornwall Legh and her mother settled in the village of Hamble-le-Rice near Southampton. Early mission work in the Diocese of South Tokyo Following the death of her mother in 1907, Cornwall Legh made the decision to become a self-financed SPG missionary. Having almost no surviving family relatives in England, she travelled to Japan in 1907 at the age of 50. The first eight years of Cornwall Legh's missionary work in Japan was spent in the service of the Nippon Sei Ko Kai Diocese of South Tokyo, notably at St. Andrew's Cathedral (Yokohama) and St. Barnabas' Church, Ushigome. Despite inheriting a large fortune, she was noted for the simplicity of her dress, empathy and communication with Japanese of varied social status and appreciation of modest local food. St. Barnabas' Mission at Kusatsu (1915–1941) In 1915, Cornwall Legh visited Kusatsu at the request of a Christian belonging to the Koenkai (Light and salt society), which had been established under the influence of Hannah Riddell noted for her work at the Kaishun Hospital for leprosy patients in Kumamoto. Cornwall Legh investigated the Kusatsu Hot Spring, one of the gathering spots of leprosy patients. It was a problematic town where hundreds of leprosy patients gathered, mainly in the Yunosawa district, to find a cure or temporary relief from the symptoms of the disease. The leprosy sufferers were seen as an unwelcome presence by many in the town and often led impoverished lives without access to regular employment or medical care. Dr. Francois-Xavier Bertrand head of the Koyama Fukusei Hospital in Gotemba had first attempted to set up a hospital facility in the town in 1900, but met with immediate opposition. Cornwall Legh started missionary work at Kusatsu in 1916. In the same year she established a kindergarten and a women's dormitory "Family of Love", in a building previously used as a ryokan. In 1917, she established a clinic (Dr. Kesa Hattori, Nurse Chiyo Mikami), followed by various homes and schools. The administration of the mission and all buildings were financially paid by her, although in later years, fundraising was also conducted in Japan, Britain and the United States. In 1929, Tomekichi Matsumoto, a company president donated enough money for the building of a new clinic and the salary of a doctor for 10 years. St. Barnabas' Hospital Chiyo Mikami, previously a nurse of Zensho Hospital and appointed as the nurse of the "Family of Love" dormitory of the St. Barnabas' Mission, advised to open a clinic. Dr. Kesako Hattori came and St. Barbanas' Hospital was opened. The directors of the hospital were: Closure of the St. Barnabas' Mission In the 1930s the Japanese Government began to establish residential care facilities for leprosy sufferers, opening the Kuryu Rakusen-en Sanatorium in Kusatsu in 1932. While welcoming the role of government in the provision of health services, Cornwall Legh also expressed concern as many leprosy patients previously hospitalized in the St. Barnabas' Hospital were against the closure of the facilities. Cornwall Legh celebrated her 77th birthday in 1939 returning briefly to England on the account of health problems. Her leadership role at the St. Barnabas' Mission was taken over by Mary B. Magill. After returning to Japan, Cornwall Legh lived at the warmer location of Akashi, Hyogo Prefecture. The St. Barnabas' Hospital was officially closed on 13 April 1941. Cornwall Legh died on 18 December 1941 at Akashi. Honours and legacy St. Barnabas' Church, the adjoining memorial museum and Cornwall Legh Park in Kusatsu attest to the charitable legacy of Mary Cornwall Legh and the history of the community she sought to serve. In 2007, on the 150th anniversary of her birth, a bust of Cornwall Legh was unveiled in Kusatsu in the presence of the British Ambassador to Japan, Sir Graham Holbrooke-Fry. Admiration Eiko Arai wrote that the combination of the missionary work and welfare in Kusatsu was magnificent. Legh respected the human rights of people with leprosy, and all she did was in the interests of these people. Bibliography

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_foundation"}

Wax foundation or honeycomb base is a plate made of wax forming the base of one honeycomb. It is used in beekeeping to give the bees a foundation on which they can build the honeycomb. Wax foundation is considered one of the most important inventions in modern beekeeping. History Wax foundation was invented by German Johannes Mehring in 1857, a few years after Langstroth designed and patented the Langstroth hive on October 5, 1852. Mehring's wax foundation had only the bottom of the cells, and today's base with the foundation of the cells was invented by US beekeeper Samuel Wagner. The Langstroth patent did not call for foundation and let the bees build their own comb. At first, wax foundations were made in the wax foundation press. The first presses were made of wood, while later presses could be made of plaster, cement, and finally metal, which are the ones used today. Wagner also invented the wax foundation rollers, but never perfected them; the first usable rollers were made by Amos Root and precise mechanic Alva Washburn in 1875. In 1895. Detroit inventor Edward Weed invented rollers that can make wax foundation in a continuous roll. Use Wax or plastic foundation is inserted into a wooden frame through the top and is usually connected to the side bars with wire. It is not used in foundationless frames or in plastic frames where the foundation is made of plastic and is part of the frame itself. Foundation is not usually used in top-bar applications (where no frames are used) such as Top Bar Hives or Warre Hives except sometimes as starter strips. Wax foundation has some advantages over letting bees build their own comb: For these reasons, foundation had been used extensively in commercial operations. Recently there has been a large movement toward foundationless beekeeping by hobbyists for various reasons. Some of which are listed below: A frame has to be wired so that the wax foundation could be inserted into it. The foundation is then soldered with the wire by using a spur embedder or electric current. Also extant are wax foundations with embedded wire that only need to be inserted into the frame. Wax foundations are made in various sizes, depending on the frame they will be inserted into. If needed, roller knife is used to cut wax foundations.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Duchess_and_the_Dirtwater_Fox"}

1976 film The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox is a 1976 American Western romantic comedy film starring Goldie Hawn and George Segal, produced, directed and co-written by Melvin Frank. It is about an 1880s dance hall girl (Hawn) from San Francisco who steals a satchel of ill-gotten money as part of her plan to change her identity into an English governess and get a job with a wealthy family in Utah. She then has to elude the former owners of the money, the Bloodworth Gang, on a cross-country chase. Plot In 1882 San Francisco, popular dance hall girl Amanda Quaid learns that Mormon millionaire Josiah Widdicombe is seeking a well-bred governess for his children. Looking for an easier life, Amanda needs $65 to buy clothes for the interview. She accepts an invitation from gambler Charlie "Dirtwater Fox" Malloy to join him in his hotel room, where she discovers he is carrying a satchel full of stolen money that he acquired by double-crossing the Bloodworth gang in a bank robbery. Drugging Charlie and stealing the satchel, she buys a new outfit and successfully interviews with Widdicombe as the "Duchess of Swansbury." When Charlie finds the money gone, he heads east on his horse Blackjack and catches up to the stagecoach carrying Amanda to Salt Lake City, Utah. Charlie recognizes Amanda and makes her agree to give him a portion of her salary in exchange for keeping her real identity a secret. On their trip, they encounter snakes, rapids, horseback pursuits through towns, a Jewish wedding, and the Bloodworth gang who capture them and take back the money. The pair are tied down with stakes and left to die, but manage to escape when Amanda uses a pair of lorgnette spectacles to burn through the ropes. The couple almost make it to Salt Lake City, but Charlie is not willing to give up the money and hatches a plan to get it back from the Bloodworth gang. He sets booby traps at the gang's ranch and starts a fire in the barn, retrieving the loot in the process. In the ensuing chase and gunfight, the gang members are killed but Charlie is wounded. Charlie believes he is dying, but Amanda calls him lazy, grabs the satchel and walks toward Salt Lake City; Charlie and Blackjack get to their feet and follow. Cast Production The film was shot in and around the historic community of Central City, Colorado as well as in Westcliffe and various locations in Fremont County. Matte paintings were used to re-create the historic look of San Francisco and Salt Lake City. Purportedly, the scene of the location where the stagecoach crashed off the stage road onto the cliff below was along Shelf Road (which connects Canon City to Cripple Creek, and follows Fourmile Creek) as it wanders through Helena Canyon. Reception Richard Eder of The New York Times wrote that "the gags make for monotony. Here the action—there is lots of it—has been polluted for the sake of gags that are rarely even funny in themselves." The Chicago Tribune's Gene Siskel gave the film two stars out of four and noted it was indebted to the comedy of Mel Brooks and Blazing Saddles in particular, but only had one really funny scene (in which Segal and Hawn converse in a mixture of different languages). Arthur D. Murphy of Variety wrote, "While the 104-minute film is more than simply an acceptable effort, it lacks the punch, dash and excitement which makes a film comedy really great." Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times called it "a vigorous little diversion, fast, efficient and peppered if not replete with inventive jokes ... Mostly the movie has Segal and Hawn, who are both shrewd and attractive light comedians." Caroline Lewis of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that "except when they are scoring points off the more obvious clichés, the visual and verbal puns seem rather unsure of their targets, and the film fails to sustain the pace set by a few hilarious scenes." The film has a 33% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 6 reviews.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.A._Guns"}

American glam metal band L.A. Guns are an American glam metal band from Los Angeles, formed in 1983. The lineup currently consists of Tracii Guns (lead guitar), Phil Lewis (lead vocals), Ace Von Johnson (rhythm guitar, backing vocals), Johnny Martin (bass, backing vocals), Adam Hamilton (studio drums) and Shawn Duncan (live drums). The first incarnation of the group was formed by Tracii Guns and Rob Gardner in 1983 and merged with fellow Los Angeles group, Hollywood Rose, to form Guns N' Roses in March 1985. After only a brief tenure in that band, Guns reformed L.A. Guns with a new lineup, consisting of Paul Black, Mick Cripps, Robert Stoddard, and Nickey Alexander. Black would soon be replaced by former Girl singer Phil Lewis while former Faster Pussycat bassist Kelly Nickels was added to the group. Later, Alexander would be replaced by former W.A.S.P. drummer Steve Riley with this being known as the "classic lineup" of L.A. Guns. They achieved moderate chart success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, the group went through numerous lineup changes (with Riley being the most consistent member) and failed to regain mainstream attention. The "classic lineup" of the group would reunite in 1999 and began recording new material. However, the group continued to change lineups and Guns eventually left to form the hard rock supergroup Brides of Destruction with Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe in 2002. L.A. Guns continued without Guns, bringing in guitarist Stacey Blades, however, following his decision to put Brides of Destruction on hiatus in 2006, Guns formed The Tracii Guns Band. The group's lineup consisted of former L.A. Guns members Black, Alexander as well as Jeremy Guns (though the lineup would eventually change), with the group eventually changing their name to L.A. Guns. Both groups continued to record and tour under the L.A. Guns moniker until 2012, when the Tracii Guns-led version of the group disbanded. History Formation and Guns N' Roses (1983–1985) L.A. Guns were first formed in 1983 by guitarist Tracii Guns and drummer Rob Gardner. The first lineup included singer Mike Jagosz, bassist Ole Beich and drummer Rob Gardner. Guns, Gardner and Jagosz met at Fairfax High School and previously played in a band called Pyrrhus with bassist Dani Tull. This lineup recorded the band's debut EP, Collector's Edition No. 1, before Jagosz was replaced by Axl Rose. Originally released on vinyl, the record was produced and engineered by Blues/Rock guitarist Chuck Rosa and came out on Raz Records (an independent Hollywood based record label, named after the band's manager, Raz Cue). The same material would later be released as a bonus disc with the compilation album Hollywood Raw in 2004. Rose fronted the group Rapidfire before going on to form Hollywood Rose, a group formed following the introduction of guitarists Izzy Stradlin and Chris Weber to each other by Guns. Following the breakup of Hollywood Rose, in 1984, singer Rose joined L.A. Guns. However, Hollywood Rose reunited, briefly, with Rose, Stradlin, Weber and Steve Darrow returning while L.A. Guns drummer Gardner also joined the group. Weber, who left to move to New York City, was soon replaced by Tracii Guns. The group changed their name to Guns N' Roses (combining the names of L.A. Guns and Hollywood Rose) with the lineup composed of Axl Rose, Tracii Guns, Izzy Stradlin, Ole Beich and Rob Gardner. Beich was eventually replaced by Duff McKagan while Guns left the group (after a falling out with Rose), being replaced by Slash. McKagan went on to book shows taking place between Sacramento and Seattle, which was dubbed "The Hell Tour". During this time, Gardner quit the group and was replaced by Steven Adler with this line-up becoming known as the "classic lineup" of Guns N' Roses. Reformation and mainstream success (1985–1992) I guess I was a little cocky with the label. I kind of had a 'fuck you' type of attitude with them. And I guess you do not do that with major labels when you're an unknown artist. I didn't like anyone trying to change me though and A & R reps like to manipulate even though most of them are complete idiots. They kept telling me to write songs like Cinderella, Bon Jovi, and Poison. It was insulting to me. Why should I follow in their footsteps just because they are successful? ... Here's the pivotal reason I left L.A. Guns. Izzy [Stradlin] and I got busted together. Rumors shot around town that Guns N' Roses were going to lose their deal with Geffen. PolyGram felt it was time to replace me before signing L.A. Guns to a deal. —Black on why he was replaced. Later, in 1986, Guns reformed LA Guns with Mick Cripps, Paul Black, Nickey Alexander and Robert Stoddard, former The Dogs D'Amour singer, briefly became guitarist for the group, co-writing the song "Nothing to Lose" that appeared on L.A. Guns debut album. Initially, the group were to be called Faster Pussycat (later the name of another band; several of that band's members over the years were also in L.A. Guns) but soon re-adopted the L.A. Guns moniker. After writing material and playing shows, the group signed with PolyGram. Black was soon replaced by former Girl singer Phil Lewis while Kelly Nickels (formerly of Faster Pussycat) was added to the lineup. They recorded their debut album, titled L.A. Guns, with producer Jim Faraci. The album featured six songs co-written by former singer Paul Black ("No Mercy", "Sex Action", "One More Reason", "Nothing to Lose", "Bitch is Back" and "One Way Ticket") while, after album completion, drummer Alexander was replaced by former W.A.S.P. drummer Steve Riley (with Riley credited as L.A. Guns' drummer on the album's liner notes and Alexander only given drum credits). The album was released in 1988, through PolyGram/Vertigo Records, peaking at number 50 on the Billboard 200. After briefly touring in support of the album, the group returned to the studio to record their new album with producers Duane Baron, John Purdell and Tom Werman. Although the group (Lewis, Guns, Cripps, Nickels and Riley) wrote the album's material, "Never Enough" featured additional contributions from Paul Black, Gregg Tripp and Phil Roy. Robin Zander and Rick Nielsen, both of Cheap Trick, also make an appearance on the album. Released in 1989, L.A. Guns new album, titled Cocked & Loaded, peaked at number 38 on the Billboard 200 while the single "The Ballad of Jayne" peaked at number 25 and 33 on the Mainstream Rock Chart and the Billboard Hot 100 respectively. The album went on to become RIAA certified Gold and eventually Platinum. They released their third album, titled Hollywood Vampires, in 1991 which peaked at number 42 on the Billboard 200. The singles "Kiss My Love Goodbye" and "It's Over Now" would peak at number 16 and 25 on the Mainstream Rock Chart respectively while It's Over Now" also peaked at number 62 on the Billboard Hot 100. Drummer Riley was fired from L.A. Guns in 1992 following the group's tour of Europe with Skid Row for allegedly assaulting Lewis. Vicious Circle and lineup changes (1993–1999) Due to the rise in popularity of Seattle's grunge movement, the group waited a number of years before recording new material. During this time, Guns participated in the short lived supergroup Contraband, the group put together by Alan Kovac. The group featured singer Richard Black (of Shark Island), Michael Schenker (of Scorpions, UFO and Michael Schenker Group), Share Pedersen (of Vixen) and Bobby Blotzer (of Ratt). They released one self-titled album in 1991, which peaked at number 187 on the Billboard 200, and achieved some moderate success with the single "All the Way from Memphis", which peaked at number 12 on the Mainstream Rock Chart, before disbanding. Regrouping in the mid-1990s with drummer Michael Gersema, L.A. Guns recorded and released their fourth album, titled Vicious Circle, in 1994 with the album failing to chart. It was their weakest selling album to date with the group's first major lineup change coming afterwards. Former drummer Riley was invited to rejoin the group for the subsequent tour; however, both Lewis (who went on to form Filthy Lucre, releasing the Popsmear album in 1997) and Cripps departed the group with singer Chris Van Dahl replacing Lewis and Johnny Crypt replacing Cripps on rhythm guitar. PolyGram soon dropped the group, who had already begun sessions for a follow-up album, following the low sales of Vicious Circle. Nickels subsequently left the band as well, at which point Crypt switched to bass. The now four-piece lineup completed recording of the Pantera-influenced album American Hardcore, released in 1996 through CMC International with the album failing to chart also. The group changed singers once again, recruiting Ralph Saenz, formerly of The Atomic Punks, for the recording of the Wasted EP released in 1998 before eventually adding former Love/Hate singer Jizzy Pearl to the group in 1999. With the lineup consisting of Pearl, Guns, Crypt and Riley, the group recorded their new album with former Guns N' Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke producing. The group released the album, titled Shrinking Violet in 1999 through Perris Records before going on tour supporting Poison. Reunion and the departure of Tracii Guns (1999–2002) A compilation album of re-recorded songs and new material, titled Greatest Hits and Black Beauties, was released in the summer of 1999. Despite the Pearl-led lineup having just released new material, Shrinking Violet, during this time, the "classic" lineup of L.A. Guns reunited with Phil Lewis, Mick Cripps and Kelly Nickels returning to the group in the fall, touring in support of the compilation album. They recorded a live album during this time, titled Live: A Night on the Strip, which was released the following year. That same year, they re-recorded and re-released Cocked & Loaded, retitled Cocked & Re-Loaded, on Deadline Records. Both Cripps and Nickels would leave the group on the eve of a 2000 summer tour, replaced by Faster Pussycat guitarist Brent Muscat and bassist Muddy. For the recording of their new album, Cripps returned to the lineup, replacing Muscat, and recorded keyboards on the album. Produced by Gilby Clarke, the group released Man in the Moon in 2001 through Spitfire Records while former Pretty Boy Floyd guitarist Keff Ratcliffe was added to the group. Sometime afterwards, Muddy would depart the group, along with Ratcliffe and Cripps, with Adam Hamilton becoming the group's new bassist. with Mötley Crüe bassist Nikki Sixx. L.A. Guns bassist Hamilton was briefly involved with this group (as keyboardist), which was rounded out by singer London LeGrand and Adema drummer Kris Kohls. John Corabi, formerly of Mötley Crüe and The Scream, was to fill in for Guns, during the latter's involvement with Cockstar, on L.A. Guns' tour with Alice Cooper. However, Corabi himself would soon join Cockstar, replacing Hamilton. Cockstar would change their name to Brides of Destruction. Meanwhile, L.A. Guns completed the recording of their new album in late April 2002, releasing the record, titled Waking the Dead, the same year to positive reviews. That June, the group began touring with Warrant, Ratt, FireHouse and Dokken as part of the Rock Fest tour. However, they were soon dropped from their label. They also pulled out of touring with Alice Cooper followings Guns departure from the group in October in order to concentrate on his project with Sixx, though he would argue he never left. Two L.A. Guns Phil Lewis' L.A. Guns (2002–2012) Despite the departure of Guns, the group continued and toured in support of Waking the Dead with the lineup, in 2003, consisting of Lewis, Riley, Hamilton, former guitarist Brent Muscat and new guitarist Keri Kelli (formerly of Big Bang Babies and Slash's Snakepit). The group eventually recruited guitarist Stacey Blades, with both Muscat and Kelli departing the group, in 2004 while they also released the cover album, titled Rips the Covers Off, the same year. Commenting on Blades addition to the lineup, Lewis stated that "Stacey really is a virtuoso type of guy and player. It was really fortunate that we found him and that he's another Hollywood guy. I've read reviews where they called him a Tracii [Guns] clone, but he's not. He is definitely his own man." Enlisting Andy Johns and Bruce Witkin, the group began recording a new material with the group's current lineup with the result being Tales from the Strip, released in 2005 through Shrapnel Records. In a 2006 interview, singer Lewis stated that he would have preferred releasing the album on a larger label while he also likened the album to a demo. In September of the same year, the group released the live album Loud and Dangerous: Live from Hollywood before going on to play a selection of shows in California as well as one date supporting Ratt in Pennsylvania. In January 2007, the group announced a string of US tour dates in support of Tales from the Strip. In March, along with more tour dates, L.A. Guns announced the departure of bassist Hamilton who was subsequently replaced by Scott Griffin. Further tour dates were announced to take place in Australia, taking place in October, as well as dates in Europe supporting Hanoi Rocks, taking place in November. They soon announced that the European dates were postponed until 2008, however, Hanoi Rocks issued a statement saying that the tour with L.A. Guns supporting "was never officially approved" by the group. On July 5, 2009, bassist Griffin departed the group and was replaced by Kenny Kweens (formerly of Beautiful Creatures). In January 2011, Kweens departed the band, with Griffin returning to the lineup. On March 7, 2012, the band announced a new studio album, titled Hollywood Forever, which was released on June 5 that same year. Tracii Guns' L.A. Guns (2006–2012) Following his decision to put Brides of Destruction on hiatus, in 2006, former L.A. Guns guitarist Tracii Guns formed The Tracii Guns Band with former L.A. Guns members Paul Black and Nickey Alexander as well as Brides of Destruction live bassist Jeremy Guns. The group announced a tour of the US with plans to perform songs from L.A. Guns, Brides of Destruction and Tracii Guns' solo material as well as various cover songs. Previously, in 2005, Black released the demos, titled Black List, recorded during his time with L.A. Guns in the 80's. With Tracii Guns owning the rights to the name (along with Steve Riley), he changed the name of The Tracii Guns Band to L.A. Guns in the summer of 2006, creating a conflict, as there were now two groups touring under the "L.A. Guns" moniker. In October of the same year, during the 20-year anniversary party for Cathouse Club, in Hollywood, Phil Lewis joined Tracii Guns' L.A. Guns onstage, after being invited by singer Paul Black, for a duet of "Rip and Tear." Despite Black's hopes that this would "relieve the tension between the two line-ups", Lewis would later state that "Tracii [Guns] as good as he is, has had to pretty much lower himself to playing with these guys that if they were going to do anything they would have done it in the past twenty years, but they have done nothing." In 2007, Alexander would be replaced by drummer Chad Stewart with the group playing shows in South America, Europe as well as numerous tours of the US. In December, the Tracii Guns version of the band's dressing room was robbed during a show at McGuffy's in Dayton, Ohio. Items taken included wallets, "a Blackberry and a bottle of Jack Daniels whiskey." The thief was later caught with the items returned to the band. Guns announced, in January 2008, that the group were to record a new album stating that they were "heading up to Canada in April/May to record the new stuff in a very secluded location so we have no distractions and can actually get it done." They announced dates in the US and South America in February, however, they announced, in March, South American tour was postponed with them beginning recording on their new album, tentatively titled Pretty in Black, with producer Steve Thompson. The same month, they were confirmed as one of the acts of the second Rocklahoma festival. After being invited by bassist Jeremy Guns, singer Marty Casey, of Lovehammers, joined the group, who had signed a deal with Alexus Records, in the studio co-writing material. Paul Black parted ways with the group in March, while Alec Bauer was added as the group's second guitarist. By July, the group had completed the new album with Casey with plans to release the album by the end of the year. They also recorded a pilot for VH1 which, at that point, was being shopped to different networks. Also announced that the "name of the band will not be L.A. Guns for this TV show and album, but we will do some nostalgia shows and festivals as L.A. Guns." The group toured through 2008 and 2009, however, Casey returned to Lovehammers to record and release their new album Heavy Crown in 2009. While the group waited for a release date for their new album, as well as deciding on a new name for the group, former L.A. Guns singer Jizzy Pearl returned to group while guitarist Alec Bauer departed the band. In an interview, in late 2009, Tracii stated that L.A. Guns parted ways with Alexus Records and that he was unsure wither the material recorded with Marty Casey or the VH1 pilot will ever be released. In February 2010, L.A. Guns announced they had signed a deal with Steve Vai's label, Favored Nations, to release a "Deluxe Reissue" of Shrinking Violet, the only L.A. Guns studio album to feature singer Jizzy Pearl, that was released the same year. The album was repackaged with new artwork and five live bonus tracks by the group's current lineup. The band announced a one-off unplugged event, taking place at the Hotel Café in Los Angeles, California, in February 2011 featuring the band, with the exception of Jeremy Guns, former L.A. Guns members Muddy, Mick Cripps, as well as Danny Nordahl and Doni Gray. By March, both Jeremy and Stewart departed the band. Although Nordahl temporarily replaced Jeremy, while Stewart remained before both rejoined Faster Pussycat. It was later confirmed that Jeremy returned to the lineup, with Doni Gray joining as their new drummer. By September, it was announced that Pearl had departed the band, on good terms, with former Rock Star: Supernova finalist Dilana joining in his place. Session musician Eric Grossman was also announced as the replacement for Jeremy. But after being in the band for only a mere 71 days, Dilana would depart from the band and be replaced by Tony West from Blacklist Union. Former bassist for The Whisky Rebellion, Tim Sterling, reported that upon seeing Dilana do a soundcheck with L.A. Guns, it was “the most arrogant, egotistical behavior I’ve ever seen from a performer towards their band and crew.” West was replaced in January 2012 by Scott Foster Harris according to the L.A. Guns official Facebook site.[non-primary source needed] It has also been announced that Tracii Guns L.A. Guns will be playing their farewell tour Europe and then they will be going under the name The Tracii Guns League of Gentleman. Eric Grossman has since announced his departure from L.A. Guns. He was later replaced by Johnny Martin on bass and the band added Steve Preach on guitar, organ and piano, extending the line-up to a 5-piece. Disbanding of Tracii Guns' band (2012–2015) Guns announced in July that he was finished with his version of L.A. Guns, leaving only the Phil Lewis-led group performing under the moniker. On December 12, guitarist Stacey Blades has announced his departure from L.A. Guns; five days later, Frank Wilsey joined the band as its new guitarist. On January 16, L.A. Guns announced a new video DVD, Live in Concert, including video of the band's performance at the M3 Rock Festival in May 2012, three music videos and a documentary about the making of Hollywood Forever. The DVD was scheduled for release via Cleopatra Records on February 12. On January 17, 2013, it was announced that Wilsey had left the band; he was replaced by Michael Grant from Endeverafter. On March 9, 2014, original singer Michael Jagosz died at aged 48. In September 2014, the band revealed that Griffin had departed and Kweens had returned. Reunion between Tracii Guns and Phil Lewis / Steve Riley and Kelly Nickels version of L.A. Guns (2016–present) On May 31, 2016, it was announced that Phil Lewis and Tracii Guns would perform together for the first time in 14 years under the name "L.A. Guns' Phil Lewis + Tracii Guns" for a handful of shows, including three shows in South America in July, Hair Nation Rock Fest in Irvine on September 17 and Rock N Skull Fest in Joliet, Illinois on October 27. This line-up of L.A. Guns consists of Lewis and Guns along with bassist Johnny Martin (who had previously been a member of Tracii Guns' version of the band) and drummer Shane Fitzgibbon; with Michael Grant from Steve Riley's line-up touring with the band as second guitarist. In September 2016, LA Weekly reported that Lewis and Guns plan to record a new album together under the L.A. Guns name for Frontiers Records, originally intended for a June 2017 release. The album was supported by a world tour, which kicked off with two shows at the Whisky a Go Go in West Hollywood in March 2017. In December 2016 Lewis announced he was leaving L.A. Guns, noting "With a heavy heart I have to inform you that as of January 1, 2017 I will no longer be a member of this line up. I feel I have gone as far as I can in this band, and unless I get out and focus on myself and something new that has a future, I'm going to stagnate". It was later clarified that Lewis was to continue fronting the Tracii Guns version of L.A. Guns and that he was only leaving the Steve Riley version. The Steve Riley-led version of the band are due to play the M3 Rock Festival in Maryland, in May 2019. It was announced that L.A. Guns would be entering the studio to record a brand new album called The Missing Peace which was released on October 13, 2017 The Tracii Guns version announced that they would tour Australia and New Zealand in 2018. On March 7, 2018 it was announced that the former Endeverafter guitarist Michael Grant left L.A. Guns to pursue other interests including his solo project "Michael Grant and the Assassins". Grant later revealed that he was fired from the band and did not voluntarily leave. Grant was replaced by Enuff Z'Nuff guitarist Johnny Monaco, but was replaced by Hamilton a few months later. In July 2018, L.A. Guns announced their 12th studio album The Devil You Know, released in March 2019. In January 2020, Guns and Lewis sued Riley over the use of the L.A. Guns name. On April 23, 2021 they settled this dispute in court with Guns and Lewis retaining the L.A. Guns name, while Riley was made to change his versions to Riley's L.A. Guns. Riley's L.A. Guns released their first single called "Crawl" on April 20, 2020. This was follows up by a studio album Renegades released on November 13, 2020 (before the name change had taken effect). This version of the band changed its name to "Riley's L.A. Guns" in April 2021 following a settlement reached between Riley with Tracii Guns and Phil Lewis. L.A. Guns (feat. Tracii Guns and Phil Lewis) released a new single "Let You Down" on May 6, 2020. It was released as the first single from their then-upcoming fourteenth studio album Checkered Past, which was released on November 12, 2021 and featured producer Adam Hamilton on drums. In May 2022, it was announced that Shawn Duncan had replaced Shane Fitzgibbon as their drummer. In the following month, guitarist Ace Von Johnson revealed that L.A. Guns have been working on new material for their next studio album. The resulting album, Black Diamonds, will be released on April 14, 2023. Band members L.A. Guns current members Riley's L.A. Guns current members Discography Studio albums Riley's L.A. Guns

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Crouch-Hazlett"}

American journalist Ida Crouch-Hazlett (born Ida Estelle Crouch, c. 1870 – 1941) was an American political activist prominent in the suffrage and socialist movements. Crouch-Hazlett is best remembered as a prominent orator and organizer for the Socialist Party of America during the first two decades of the 20th century. In 1902 Crouch-Hazlett became the first female candidate for U.S. Congress from Colorado, when she ran for a seat in the House of Representatives. Biography Early years Ida Estelle Crouch was born c. 1870 in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of two college-educated schoolteachers. Crouch grew up in Monmouth, Illinois, where she attended elementary school, before enrolling in the Monticello Seminary of Godfrey, Illinois. She was an 1888 graduate of Illinois State Normal School (an institution that would later become Illinois State University) at Bloomington and later did course work at Stanford University, where she studied Economics, and the Chicago School of Social Sciences following completion of her training as a teacher at Illinois Normal School. Crouch was married at a fairly early age to N. Hazlett, who died not long thereafter. After graduation, Crouch-Hazlett ran for local school board on the ticket of the Prohibition Party. Following that unsuccessful attempt, she held a series of positions as a teacher of elocution in Illinois, Colorado, and Wyoming, an occupation which helped her to craft her own skills as an orator. In 1894, Crouch-Hazlett turned to journalism, working as a newspaper reporter. Crouch-Hazlett worked for newspapers in Chicago, Denver, and Leadville, Colorado, and St. Louis. She continued to work as a journalist through 1900. While in Colorado Crouch-Hazlett was first exposed to the bitter class struggle between miners and mine-owners, which further shaped her political views. Political career Crouch-Hazlett's first foray into politics came in 1896, when she was named a national organizer for the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Crouch-Hazlett was one of the NAWSA's professional organizers who toured the length and breadth of California during the unsuccessful 1896 election campaign, joining such stalwarts of the movement as Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Anna Howard Shaw. Crouch-Hazlett continued on the staff of the NAWSA until 1901, touring the country for the organization and conducting public lectures building public support for women's right to vote. Shortly after the start of the 20th century, Crouch-Hazlett began to see the fight for socialism as a central component of the struggle of women for equal rights and she made advancement of the socialist movement a central part of her political efforts. She joined the fledgling Socialist Party of America (SPA) around the time of its formation in 1901 and thereafter became one of its most prominent female voices. In 1902, Hazlett became the first female candidate for U.S. Congress in the state of Colorado when she ran for the House of Representatives on the Socialist ticket. After the 1902 campaign, Hazlett continued without pause taking her oratorial skills on the road on behalf of the Socialist Party as one of its national organizers. Crouch-Hazlett spent the better part of the next two years, holding public lectures and thereby attempting to help build state and local organizations for the new political party. She remained one of the SPA's touring national organizers through 1904. Crouch-Hazlett was a delegate of the Socialist Party of Colorado to the 1904 National Convention of the Socialist Party and a Socialist Party of Montana delegate to the 1908 Convention. Following her time as a Socialist Party traveling lecturer, Crouch-Hazlett settled down as an organizer for the Socialist Party of Montana, an organization at the time of about 450 dues-paying members active in 25 "locals." Hazlett was named editor of the Socialist Party of Montana's newspaper, Montana News, in December 1905. One historian has called Crouch-Hazlett "a most different administrator" of the party newspaper, noting that she preferred to play the role of "roving reporter" and leaving the technical and administrative details of newspaper production to her close political associate, State Secretary James D. Graham. Her time traversing the massive state of Montana in this period involved Crouch-Hazlett closely with the Western Federation of Miners. Her association in the labor movement also had a certain participatory element, as during the course of her life, Hazlett was herself a member of the Knights of Labor and the American Labor Union, ultimately unsuccessful rivals of the American Federation of Labor. Beginning in 1908, the Montana Socialist Party was divided by a bitter factional split, pitting Graham and party editor Crouch-Hazlett on one side and Lewis Duncan, the future Socialist mayor of Butte, on the other. Driven by Local Butte, the 1908 State Convention of the Socialist Party of Montana appointed an auditing committee headed by Duncan to closely inspect the organization's books. Duncan proclaimed the state party's books to be in "wretched condition" and led Local Butte in organizing a call for the resignation of Graham and Hazlett. While Graham was amenable, Crouch-Hazlett refused to accede to this demand, so in the spring of 1909 the Duncan-dominated State Executive Committee expelled both Graham and Hazlett from the party's ranks and formally terminated the organization's connection with the Lewistown-based Montana News. Graham and Crouch-Hazlett were accused of the misappropriation of party funds by the Duncan faction, and the matter ended up in the courts. The Unitarian minister Duncan also made morals allegations against Crouch-Hazlett, charging that she had been "living openly in an adulterous and licentious relationship with a former member of the Lewistown local." Back of these factional fisticuffs in addition to financial and personal disagreements there lay a policy difference. Local Butte was at this time warmly supportive of Big Bill Haywood, industrial unionism, and the syndicalist Industrial Workers of the World, going so far as to endorse Haywood as a potential candidate for President of the United States, while Crouch-Hazlett in Montana News stressed the historic refusal of the Socialist Party to directly intervene in trade union matters. in 1910, with Montana News broken by the factional warfare and party membership down by 45 percent, Crouch-Hazlett again resumed her role as a professional organizer for the Socialist Party of America. She dedicated the bulk of her time to organizing efforts in the American South from 1914 to 1916. Crouch-Hazlett moved to Brooklyn, New York during the latter part of the decade and ran for New York State Assembly in the 1st District of Kings County, New York on the Socialist ticket in 1920. Crouch-Hazlett ended her career as an organizer on behalf of the Socialist Party in 1921. During this final year, Crouch-Hazlett was at least once kidnapped by a band of members of the American Legion, who transported her hundreds of miles before leaving her in a deserted area. This experience did not break Crouch-Hazlett's commitment, but it did nonetheless coincide with an end to her tenure as a Socialist Party organizer. Membership in the SPA plummeted during the early part of the 1920s, following its splitinto rival Socialist and Communist organizations at its 1919 Emergency National Convention. With dues collections drastically diminished, the party was forced to curtail the number of its paid functionaries due to ensuing budgetary difficulties, forcing Hazlett to seek other means of support. Crouch-Hazlett visited England, arranging beforehand with British labor activist Jessie Stephen to have her letters typed whilst there. Death and legacy In 1925 Crouch-Hazlett enrolled at New York University in an effort to earn a Doctorate degree. She died in May 1941. Her papers reside among the Social Democratic Party Papers of the Milwaukee County Historical Society in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Footnotes Works

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_G%C3%B3mez_(motorcycle_trials_rider)"}

Spanish motorcycle racer Sandra Gómez Cantero (born in Madrid, Spain), is a Spanish Women's International motorcycle trials rider. Gomez has twice been Spanish Women's Trials Champion and a member of the Spanish Trial Des Nations winning team on five occasions, including 2017. Biography Gomez first competed in Spanish National series in 2003, finishing in 4th position. Though quite young and competing against more experienced riders she put in consistent performances throughout the next several years. In 2008 Gomez finished 3rd in the Spanish National Women's A class behind reigning Women's World Champion Laia Sanz and Mireia Conde. This earned her a place on the Spanish Trial Des Nations team alongside Sanz and Conde. The event was held in Andorra and the Spanish team came home victorious. 2009 was a carbon copy of the previous season, ending with the same 1-2-3 in the Spanish Series. Gomez had secured herself what was to be a regular place on the TDN team though this year they were bested by the British team. A third and two second places saw Gomez step up to second place in the 2010 Spanish series, once again behind Sanz. She also added her second TDN title as the familiar team of Sanz, Gomez and Conde won the event, this year held in Poland. 2011 was to be an excellent year, as Gomez won all three national events to become Spanish Champion for the first time, then the team headed off to Italy and repeated their TDN victory once more. Mireia Conde held off Gomez in 2012, by a mere 4 points, but they still shared the silverware, along with Sanz, winning the TDN Women's title for the third year running in Switzerland. Gomez also featured prominently in the FIM World Women's Trials Championship throughout the year, taking runner-up places in Andorra and Switzerland and ending the season in third place. After signing a deal with the Ossa factory in 2013, Gomez was second in the Spanish series behind Conde, this time by 6 points, but she made no mistake in 2014 taking the wins in all three rounds to regain her Spanish Women's title. She also placed third in the FIM World Championships after being on the podium for three out of the four rounds. In 2015 Gomez slipped back to 8th in the World standings. Moving up another step, Gomez ended the 2016 season as the second highest ranked female trials rider in the world, finishing runner-up to Emma Bristow in the FIM World Trials Championship. A feat she repeated in 2017, along with adding another TDN title to her list after the Spanish team stopped the British from taking a fifth straight TDN victory. Starting out 2018 with a strong 2nd place in the opening FIM World Women's Championship round held in Japan, Gomez continued to put in good placings including a podium in France, and ended the season with second place in the Championship behind Bristow. Spanish Women's Trials Championship Women's European Trials Championship Women's World Trials Championship Honors Related Reading

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Settlement in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia Lomovoye (Russian: Ломовое) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Samodedskoye Rural Settlement of Plesetsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 425 as of 2010. There are 12 streets. Geography Lomovoye is located 186 km north of Plesetsk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Tundra is the nearest rural locality.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Brunet"}

French tennis player Régis Brunet (born 31 May 1956) is a French former professional tennis player. Born in Marseille, Brunet had a best singles ranking of 205 in the world while competing on the professional tour in the 1970s and 1980s. He twice featured in the singles main draw of the French Open and lost in the first round both times, including in 1976 when he had a two-set lead over West German qualifier Frank Gebert. Brunet has gone on to have a career in sports marketing and had a long association with IMG, acting early on as an agent for French players such as Guy Forget, Arnaud Boetsch and Thierry Tulasne. He has served as the tournament director of the Open Gaz de France and from 2004 to 2016 was Managing Director of IMG France.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_Infinite"}

2021 video game 2021 video game Halo Infinite is a 2021 first-person shooter game developed by 343 Industries and published by Xbox Game Studios. It is the sixth mainline entry in the Halo series, following Halo 5: Guardians (2015). The campaign follows the human supersoldier Master Chief and his fight against the enemy Banished on the Forerunner ringworld Zeta Halo, also known as Installation 07. Unlike previous installments in the series, the multiplayer portion of the game is free-to-play. The game was intended to release as a launch title for the Xbox Series X/S, but was delayed in August 2020 after Infinite's gameplay reveal in July 2020 drew negative feedback from both critics and Halo fans. Following an open beta release of the multiplayer component on November 15, 2021, coinciding with the franchise's 20th anniversary, the campaign was released for Windows, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S on December 8, 2021. Halo Infinite received generally favorable reviews from critics, with some deeming the game a return to form for the series. Praise was directed towards its visuals, gameplay, open world design, soundtrack, and story. However, the game's multiplayer component has been criticized for its progression system, lack of content, and technical issues, such as desync. Gameplay Halo Infinite is a first-person shooter akin to past Halo games. Players use weapons and vehicles commonly found in the Halo series, such as the Warthog. The game adds new abilities for player character Master Chief such as the Grapple Shot, which pulls him towards foes or retrieves items. The campaign mode's semi-open world structure allows players to freely explore parts of the ring-world Zeta Halo setting, which are segmented off from each other and initially impassable. Scattered across the environment are Forward Operating Bases (FOBs), which can be captured once cleared of enemies. Captured bases serve as fast-travel points. Other points of interest found across Zeta Halo's surface include "high-value targets" to eliminate, Marine squads to rescue, and Banished propaganda towers to destroy. Completing these side objectives earns the player Valor, which is used to earn weapons and vehicles that players can call in from FOBs. The more linear environments within the ring's surface hew more to traditional Halo mission design. These "dungeons" advance the story, and cannot be replayed once completed. Collectibles found in the environment, such as audio logs, provide additional story details. The campaign was updated later on, giving the player the choice to replay old missions via the in-game TACMAP. Infinite's multiplayer component features deathmatch, capture the flag, and other modes played in standard 4-versus-4 and Big Team Battle variants; the latter bumps the player count in matches up to 24. Ability pickups allow players to activate special powers a limited number of times. Powers include dashing, active camouflage, and "repulsor" charges that can knock enemies, projectiles, and vehicles back. A training mode allows new players to test weapons in weapon drills, or play against computer-controlled bot players in practice matches. Synopsis Setting and characters Halo Infinite is set in the year 2560. During the events of Halo 5: Guardians, the human artificial intelligence Cortana and allied artificial intelligences (AIs) rebel against their creators, the United Nations Space Command (UNSC). Taking control of ancient Forerunner weapons known as Guardians, Cortana subjugates the galaxy. Also fighting against Cortana and the UNSC are the Banished, a mercenary organization composed of aliens and humans led by the Brute Atriox. The game is set on the Forerunner ringworld Installation 07 (Zeta Halo), which has mysteriously suffered damage. The player character, Master Chief Petty Officer John-117 is a UNSC "Spartan" supersoldier on a mission to neutralize Cortana, his former partner. In addition to the narrative told in the campaign, Halo Infinite's multiplayer component features a seasonal story that centers on Spartan Commander Laurette Agryna's efforts to lead a new generation of Spartan supersoldiers in the aftermath of Cortana's attacks on various UNSC military strongholds. Plot Campaign In December 2559, the UNSC ship Infinity arrives above Halo Installation 07 and begins to make preparations for the deployment of UNSC forces on the ring. Before they are able to deploy, however, the ship is ambushed by several dreadnoughts that are operated by the Banished. Their leader, Atriox, along with a large battalion of Banished forces, boards the Infinity, confronts the Master Chief, and defeats him. Atriox throws the Chief from the ship's hangar bay, leaving him stranded in space. Six months later, a UNSC pilot recovers the Chief adrift in space. While the Pilot wants to flee, Master Chief insists on continuing the fight against the Banished. The Chief and Pilot travel to Zeta Halo, which has been severely damaged by an unknown calamity. On the ring, Master Chief locates the Weapon, an AI designed to imitate Cortana in order to capture her for deletion. While the Weapon states that she was successful in her mission, she has failed to self-delete as per her directives. Master Chief retrieves the Weapon, and experiences visions of Cortana's memories and thoughts left as residual data. Zeta Halo is controlled by the Banished, now led by Atriox's lieutenant Escharum after Atriox's apparent death. The dying Brute is invigorated to have Master Chief as his final opponent. Master Chief, the Weapon, and a reluctant Pilot rally scattered UNSC forces on the ring's surface, while looking for any Spartans that haven’t been picked off by The Hand of Atriox, Escharum’s team of Spartan killers. Inside the Forerunner installation known as the Conservatory, Master Chief encounters Despondent Pyre, the AI caretaker of Zeta Halo. Despondent Pyre attempts to warn Master Chief of a threat contained on the installation, but is destroyed by the Harbinger, an alien awoken by the Banished. The Harbinger claims that her people, the Endless, were imprisoned by the Forerunners on Zeta Halo. She has allied herself with the Banished in order to rebuild the Silent Auditorium, a facility that will allow her to free her people. The Banished, in turn, will use the repaired Halo as a weapon against humanity. Master Chief defends the pilot from a duo of Spartan killers deployed by Escharum. The Pilot reveals that he was a civilian engineer aboard Infinity who stole a Pelican to flee the battle. The Chief comforts him, admitting his own guilt over his failure to save Cortana. Master Chief and the Weapon stop Zeta Halo's repair process by disabling a series of spires on the ring, but are unable to stop a section of the Auditorium from being rebuilt. When the Harbinger attempts to hack the Weapon, the Chief activates a failsafe to delete the AI. The Weapon repels the Harbinger and deactivates the failsafe, angrily asking why Master Chief does not trust her. After seeing a vision in which Cortana uses the Guardians to destroy the Brutes' home planet of Doisac, the Weapon realizes that she is a copy of Cortana, and insists that Master Chief delete her so she does not become like her predecessor; Master Chief refuses, stating that he wants to trust her. The Pilot is captured by Jega 'Rdomnai, an Elite Spartan killer and a close friend of Escharum, as bait for Master Chief. Unwilling to let the Pilot die, Master Chief infiltrates the Banished facility and saves him, killing Jega 'Rdomnai and Escharum in the process. Master Chief and the Weapon rush to the Auditorium to stop the Harbinger. The two learn that Cortana was captured by Atriox after the Weapon locked her down; upon realizing that Atriox intended to access the ring's secrets, Cortana destroyed herself, damaged Zeta Halo, and prevented the Weapon from being deleted. In a recorded message, Cortana says goodbye to the Chief and encourages him to work with the Weapon. The Chief defeats the Harbinger, but is unable to stop her from contacting someone regarding the Endless. Afterwards, the Weapon and Chief reunite with the Pilot, who reveals his name is Fernando Esparza. The Weapon decides to choose a name for herself. In a post-credits scene, an alive Atriox uses a key to unlock a sealed door, leading to the Endless. If the game is finished on Legendary difficulty, the scene features dialogue between Despondent Pyre and a Forerunner official about the imprisonment of the Endless. When Despondent Pyre states that she cannot oversee the study of the Endless alone, the Forerunner replies that the AI Offensive Bias has been deployed to assist her. Multiplayer Following the destruction of Laconia Station and the disappearance of the UNSC Infinity and its crew, Spartan Commander Laurette Agryna begins training a new generation of Spartans and establishes new UNSC training facilities on classified frontier worlds such as the Avery J. Johnson Academy of Military Science. During a deployment to an old UNSC fleet depot on the planet Camber, Spartans Sigrid Eklund and Hieu Dinh discover that the depot has been repurposed by the Banished to serve as a shipbreaking yard. After observing their activity for two days, the Spartans learn that the Banished have successfully created their own AI construct. The AI, named Iratus, detects Eklund and Dinh's presence in the yard and alerts the Banished, forcing the duo to hijack a Banished Phantom in order to escape. Iratus, however, followed them and attempted to lock down the Phantom's flight controls. In order to regain access to the flight controls, Dinh allows Iratus to infect his neural interface, leaving him unconscious. After returning to the Academy, Eklund informs Agryna of their encounter with the Banished. Agryna devises a plan to pull Iratus out of Dinh's neural interface and trap him on an ONI (Office of Naval Intelligence) server. The plan is successful and Iratus, along with a complete archive of the Banished's operations on Camber, is secured, saving Dinh's life in the process. Development Developer 343 Industries produced Halo 4 (2012) and Halo 5: Guardians (2015) as part of the "Reclaimer Saga", a series of games initially planned as a trilogy. Halo Infinite was developed by 343 Industries with assistance from SkyBox Labs, Sperasoft, The Coalition, Certain Affinity and Atomhawk. The studio played with the idea of making Halo an open world game, drawing inspiration from other video games such as The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, with the idea of allowing to explore a large open area, with the freedom of completing the game in any order. While reception to Halo 5 was overall positive, the campaign received criticism for not including enough of Master Chief; 343 Industries promised to refocus on the character going forward. It utilizes the new Slipspace Engine. The game was written by Paul Crocker, who was also associate creative director of the campaign. Justin Dinges and Nicolas Bouvier were chosen as artists. The multiplayer component of the game was directed by Tom French, Associate Creative Director of multiplayer, and Pierre Hintze, Project Lead and Partner Head of multiplayer. The tools used for the Slipspace Engine used basic development tools called Faber. Some parts of Faber dated back to the early 2000s, having also been used for Bungie's Halo games. As a result, its coding became notoriously difficult to use by 343 Industries, being considered technical debt. 343 Industries had also excessively relied on hiring contract workers to the point of making up half the studio according to estimates. Due to Microsoft's policy that limits contract workers to keep their jobs for up to 18 months, the number of workers at 343 Industries gradually fell. Halo Infinite was beset by further issues during development. The game suffered from creative instability for some time; the studio was described to be split into "fiefdoms", and that the struggle to complete the game and the conflicting decisions resulted in "four or five games being developed simultaneously." Two-thirds of the planned game was cut by summer 2019, which severely removed some of the initial vision. Despite this, the planned deadline of November 2020 to be a launch game for the Xbox Series X/S was decided to be impossible to meet. Development director Frank O'Connor stated in August 2019 that Halo Infinite was being built "so it plays and looks fantastic" on Xbox One, but would have enhancements when played on Xbox Series X/S. The gameplay reveal on July 23, 2020, saw criticism from the gaming community for the game's visual quality, which saw further changes to development. On August 27, 2020, 343 Industries announced that Joseph Staten, the former lead writer and cinematic director of the Halo series at Bungie, had joined as Campaign Project Lead for Halo Infinite. 343 Industries later announced that Staten's role had changed to Head of Creative for Halo Infinite. Staten had convinced Microsoft to delay the game to 2021 in order to release a stable launch. He had provided a list of reasons why the game would be better if the deadline was pushed. When the game was delayed, features were added and improved, including the graphics. On October 28, 2020, Bloomberg News reported that (now former) Studio Head Chris Lee had departed the project. Halo Infinite was intended to have split-screen campaign co-op in response to the backlash of its removal in Halo 5: Guardians, but the feature was delayed several times and was ultimately cancelled by September 2022. The game supports both cross-platform play and cross-platform save progression between Xbox and Windows versions. Campaign network co-op was eventually included as part of the Winter Update in November 2022 along with several other features, including the ability to replay old missions via the in-game TACMAP. Music The music for Halo Infinite is a collaboration between Gareth Coker, Curtis Schweitzer, Joel Corelitz, Alex Bhore and Eternal Time & Space, overseen by 343 Industries Music Supervisor Joel Yarger. Halo Infinite's soundtrack was released digitally on December 8, 2021 in two albums, one covering the score for the campaign, and another covering the music for the game's multiplayer component. Release Halo Infinite was announced in a trailer at E3 2018 with its release confirmed, at the time, for Xbox One and Windows. The developer said that all of the scenes in the trailer were running in-engine. During E3 2018 it was confirmed that Infinite was planned to have a beta prior to its release, described as an insider flight program. At E3 2019 the following year, Halo Infinite was confirmed that it would be a launch game for the next-generation Xbox consoles. In January 2020, Xbox Game Studios head Matt Booty confirmed that the studio had no immediate plans for Xbox Series X exclusives at launch, preferring to phase out compatibility with older hardware over a longer period, similar to PCs. The COVID-19 pandemic forced developers to remote work. After the Xbox Games Showcase on July 23, 2020, 343 Studio Head Chris Lee stated that a public beta was unlikely due to the impact of the ongoing pandemic, despite Microsoft stating at E3 2018 that there would be a public beta ahead of launch. 343 Industries said that the game would receive a free ray tracing update post-launch. On July 31, 2020, it was announced that the game's multiplayer portion would be released as a free-to-play game. On August 11, 2020, it was announced that the game had been delayed to an undefined date in 2021, due to a range of factors impacting development, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Microsoft initially planned to split the game into several parts but ultimately decided against it. It was reported that 343 Industries was heavily outsourcing the game to external developers, resulting in development troubles, and was a contributing factor to the delay. Speaking to IGN, a spokesperson for 343 Industries denied that the Halo TV show was having an impact on Halo Infinite's development, but IGN stated that "the spokesperson did not speak to the report's claim that 'a significant portion of the game is being outsourced to third-party contractors.'" In December 2020, 343 Industries announced Halo Infinite would be released in late 2021, later giving a December 8, 2021, release date. A technical test for the multiplayer portion of the game ran from July 29 – August 2, 2021, where select members of the Halo Insider Program could compete in teams across three maps against bots in 4v4 Slayer mode. On August 20, 2021, it was announced that the game would be launching without campaign co-op, a longtime feature of the series. It was also announced that Forge, a creative environment where players could design their own maps and gametypes, would not be available at launch. On August 25, 2021, Infinite was announced to be releasing on December 8, 2021. Additional testing "flights" ran September 23–26 and September 30 – October 3, with the first round centered around 4v4 player-versus-player multiplayer, and the second introducing 12v12 Big Team Battle on the larger map Fragmentation. 343 used player feedback during the flights to make changes to the game before release. On October 25, 2021, 343 Industries published a video depicting the game's campaign mode for the first time since its initial panned debut in July 2020; the footage offers a first look into several previously untold aspects of the mode's gameplay and plot. On November 15, 2021, an open beta of Halo Infinite's multiplayer aspect was released on Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S in celebration of the Xbox and the Halo series' 20th anniversary. The game was released to manufacturing on November 19, 2021. Halo Infinite released on December 8, 2021. Marketing As the industry exposition E3 2020 was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft revealed the first gameplay footage of Halo Infinite via livestream. On June 24, 2020, the official Halo YouTube channel premiered a teaser titled "SIGNAL DETECTED. TAG DESIGNATION: FOE", which featured an audio clip of an anonymous character who represents the Banished, a faction introduced in Halo Wars 2. Among the merchandising tie-ins for the game was Monster Energy Drink, a "Moa burger"-flavored version of Pringles, and Dr. Squatch "Spartan Soap". Participants can earn a variety of in-game weapon skins, player nameplates and weapon emblems. There are also several augmented reality experiences through Snapchat as part of the promotion. Coinciding with Infinite's gameplay reveal was a trailer, "Step Inside", produced by 215 McCann, who had previously worked on the "Believe" campaign for Halo 3. The spot, showing Master Chief's armor being made, was the kickoff to a wider campaign, "Become", which focused on how the events of the games are shaped by ordinary people in the Halo universe. At E3 2021, Microsoft unveiled two new trailers for the game, one showcasing the multiplayer campaign and the other a general story trailer. On August 25, 2021, a CGI trailer for the first season of Infinite's multiplayer mode was released, focusing on the backstory of the new character Commander Agryna in an occupied London. Microsoft created an Infinite-themed console and Elite Wireless Controller to tie in with the game's release. Other tie-in hardware included hard drives, keyboards, mice, and a limited number of Halo-themed Radeon RX 6900 graphics processing units. Reception Pre-release Following the campaign gameplay reveal for Halo Infinite on July 23, 2020, publications and audiences expressed disappointment over the graphics and performance. Eurogamer wrote that "Halo Infinite looks like the fake plastic trees version of Halo, like a video game designed with Mega Bloks in mind. It pops in all the wrong places. [...] It doesn't feel grounded. It doesn't feel like it has depth. It feels, well, surface level, smooth and uninteresting." Aaron Greenberg, general manager of Xbox marketing, responded in an interview with Inside Gaming: "Listen, we're in the middle of a global pandemic. It's July, we're far from [launch in] Holiday, you're seeing a work-in-progress game." He said that the final game would be a "visual showcase". Narrative experience director Dan Chosich tweeted: "I want you to know your voice matters + is heard [...] I always want to live up to the legacy that Bungie pioneered. I personally care a lot about honoring that." A screenshot of the gameplay showing an attacking Brute with a deadpan expression, given the moniker "Craig" by internet commenters, became an internet meme, and was embraced by 343 Industries' community director John Junyszek. When 343 Industries released improved gameplay videos closer to Halo Infinite's release, they included shots that purposely showed an improvement in visuals and appearance of "Craig", which character and combat director Steve Dyck and character art lead Bryan Repka considered a "glow-up", and that the community response to "Craig" was "one of the factors in gaining some more time to finish work and get Brutes to a place where the team is happy with them". A reference to "Craig" in the form of an Easter egg was added to Halo Infinite's campaign. In October 2020, 343 Industries announced changes to the player color system in Infinite, replacing the system of primary and secondary colors in past Halo games with "coatings" based on layers of patterns and markings designed to enable "greater player expression". 343 plans to make coatings available through microtransactions as well as rewards for purchasing tie-in products such as Monster Energy drinks, Mondelez-branded snacks, and other items. The plan was received negatively, with fans and critics expressing concern about the impact of microtransactions. Junyszek defended the system, stating that it enabled "greater detail and variation" and that other methods of obtaining coatings would be made available as "special rewards" in addition to paid purchases. In contrast to the game's initial gameplay reveal, Halo Infinite's multiplayer beta release in August 2021 received praise, particularly for its gameplay improvements. The multiplayer's Battle Pass system, however, received criticism for its slow progression; in response, 343 adjusted the battle pass progression to speed up progress. Critical reception Reception Halo Infinite received "generally favorable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. GamesRadar summarized it by saying "Halo as you've never seen it before" and Eurogamer called the release of Halo Infinite in the series "the best it's been in a decade". TechRadar wrote Halo Infinite was "a triumph", saying "From its captivating story to its liberating gameplay, developer 343 Industries has created a campaign that will resonate with veteran Halo fans and inspire a new generation of players." IGN believed the Halo series to still belong amongst the best shooter games, especially praising Halo Infinite's single-player campaign and multiplayer, though considered the rewards gained in the latter's Battle Pass to be lackluster. The game's use of open world design and greater player freedom in certain areas received particular praise from others. Additionally, GameSpot editor Jordan Ramée praised the game's new grappleshot feature and rewarding single-player progression system. PCMag complimented the soundtrack for providing "a mix of atmospheric exploration music, thrilling combat tracks, and songs and compositions that exist somewhere in between". PCGamesN praised the feel of each gun and engaging variety of the arsenal, saying "switching to the plasma rifle to knock the shield off a Jackal and then back to the VK78 Commando to get a snappy headshot never gets old". While praising the combat, PC Gamer were mixed on the level design of "lush forests, valleys and marine-rescue setup", finding it strongly evoked the mission Halo from Combat Evolved, but felt inferior to "the timeless design of The Silent Cartographer, or even Halo 3's less-fondly remembered meat labyrinth, Cortana". Rock Paper Shotgun liked the world design, but criticized the plot as being held back by prior entries, "Infinite's story is still ankle-clamped by the overindulgence of its predecessors, even though it does what it can to shrink things down into a tighter, more coherent spacetale". The game was selected by Game Informer as their Game of the Year. By January 2022, the game crossed the 20 million player mark. Accolades

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Best_Is_Yet_to_Come_(Ella_Fitzgerald_album)"}

1982 studio album by Ella Fitzgerald The Best Is Yet to Come is a 1982 studio album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald, accompanied by a studio orchestra arranged and conducted by Nelson Riddle. The last of Fitzgerald's six collaborations with Riddle, their work together on the Verve label more than fifteen years earlier is considered some of Fitzgerald's finest, both musically and critically. Fitzgerald's performance on the album won her the 1984 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Female, one of three Grammys she won for her work with Riddle. Reception In his biography of Riddle, September In the Rain, Peter J. Levinson wrote that the album "...simply wasn't the best. In fact it was a near disaster. The raggedy tone of Ella's voice couldn't be disguised". Track listing Personnel

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Ukrainian canoeist V'iacheslav Hryhorovych Kulida (Ukrainian: В’ячеслав Григорович Куліда) (born January 22, 1970 in Kherson) is a Ukrainian sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1990s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-4 1000 m event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Plain"}

1972 single by Roxy Music "Virginia Plain" is a song by English rock band Roxy Music, released as their debut single in August 1972. Written by Roxy frontman Bryan Ferry, the song was recorded by the band in July 1972 at London's Command Studios. Backed with "The Numberer", an instrumental composed by Andy Mackay, as a single the song became a Top 10 hit in the UK, peaking at number four. The song was not included on the band's original UK debut album, Roxy Music, having not even been recorded when the album was released. After the success of the album in the UK, it was included on later re-issues. In 1977, it was re-released as a single, together with "Pyjamarama", originally the second Roxy Music single, to promote the Greatest Hits album, and reached number 11. Both "Virginia Plain" and "The Numberer" can be found on the 1995 The Thrill of it All boxset. "Virginia Plain" features bass guitarist Rik Kenton, who joined after Graham Simpson left the band. It begins with a deceptively quiet introduction, followed by an instant increase of volume as soon as the vocals come in on the first verse. Former art student Ferry took the title "Virginia Plain" from one of his own paintings, featuring an image of cigarette packaging - "Virginia Plain" is a variety of cigarette tobacco. Ferry later said in an interview: It was a watercolour or a painting on paper. It was just like a surreal drawing of a giant cigarette packet, with a pin-up girl on it. I liked that phrase Virginia Plain…so it later became the title of the first single I put out with Roxy Music – with a slightly imponderable lyric... The name "Robert E. Lee" refers to music industry lawyer Robert Lee, practising at London law firm Harbottle & Lewis at the time. Warhol superstar Baby Jane Holzer is also referenced in the lyrics "Baby Jane's in Acapulco / We are flying down to Rio" and "can't you see that Holzer mane?". Phil Manzanera's guitar solo was improvised. He later claimed he played the first thing that came into his head. Reception In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number 348 in their updated list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Musicians In popular culture

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_amor_brujo"}

Ballet by Manuel de Falla El amor brujo ([el aˈmoɾ ˈbɾu.xo], "The sorcerer love") is a ballet by Manuel de Falla to a libretto by María de la O Lejárraga García, although for years it was attributed to her husband Gregorio Martínez Sierra. It exists in three versions as well as a piano suite drawn from four of its movements. Andalusian in character, its music includes the celebrated Danza ritual del fuego (Ritual Fire Dance), the Canción del fuego fatuo (Song of the Will-o'-the-Wisp) and the Danza del terror. Its songs use the Andalusian Spanish dialectal modality. The plot: a gypsy in a love unreturned goes to her arts of magic to soften the ingrate's heart, and succeeds, after a night of enchantments, recitations and ritual dances, so that at dawn he awakens to love; bells proclaim her triumph. Versions and performance history Gitanería (1915) El amor brujo was commissioned in 1914 as a gitanería, or danced gypsy entertainment, dedicated to the flamenco dancer and cantaora Pastora Imperio. It was finished the next year but its premiere, on 15 April at the Teatro Lara in Madrid, proved unsuccessful. This version, in two scenes, is for dancers and actors and is scored for cantaora voice and chamber ensemble. First revised version (1916) Falla then revised the ballet by removing its spoken dialogue, replacing the cantaora part with three songs for mezzo-soprano and enlarging the accompaniment for sextet and small orchestra. The plot was slightly changed as well. This more concise version, still in two scenes, was played on 12 March 1916 by members of the Madrid Symphony Orchestra under Enrique Fernández Arbós. But it was modified several times, starting the following year when Fernández Arbós proposed a production at the Teatro Real. Ballet pantomímico (1924) By 1924 Falla had evolved El amor brujo into the one-act ballet pantomímico best known today, mainly by enlarging its orchestration. This was published by Chester the next year and given in Paris. It premiered in America on 17 March 1927 at Philadelphia's Metropolitan Opera House with Alexander Smallens conducting the Philadelphia Civic Opera Company and mezzo-soprano soloist Kathryn Noll. Suite of excerpts for piano (1922) Before completing the published ballet, Falla made a suite for piano comprising four of the movements: Pantomima, Danza del terror, Romance del pescador and Danza ritual del fuego. This is G69 in the published works. Synopsis El amor brujo is the story of an Andalusian gypsy woman called Candela. Although her affection is for a man named Carmelo, as a girl she was promised to be married to another man (then a boy). After many years Candela's husband has died (at the hands of the husband of a woman named Lucia), but he continues to haunt his wife. The entire village knows about the haunting, but still brands Candela as crazy because she dances every night with her husband’s ghost ("Danza del terror"). Candela, now a widow, is free to establish a relationship with Carmelo, but continues to be haunted by her husband's ghost. After a conversation with other women of the village, Candela finally comes to realise that her husband was unfaithful to her, despite all her efforts to make their marriage work; her husband's lover is revealed to have been Lucia. Candela and Carmelo get advice that a ritual dance is necessary to cast the ghost off ("Danza ritual del fuego"), but it does not work. The ghost is still obsessed with Candela's soul. Candela manages to trick Lucía to come that night, with the excuse of hooking her up with Carmelo. As she turns up, the nightly ritual of Candela's dance with her husband's ghost begins, but at the last moment Candela moves away from her husband and Lucía is taken away by her now dead lover ("Danza del juego de amor"). Dawn breaks, Candela and Carmelo are now truly free to enjoy their love. Movements Recordings Gitanería (1915) Ballet pantomímico (1924) Films In 1967 Francisco Rovira Beleta directed a film version. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but lost to Jiří Menzel's Closely Observed Trains. However, it won the "National Syndicate of Spectacle, Spain" award. In 1986, Spanish director Carlos Saura directed El amor brujo based on the ballet, starring and choreographed by Antonio Gades. It was the third in his trilogy of dance films, following Bodas de sangre (Blood Wedding) and Carmen. The film filled out the story with spoken dialogue, but nevertheless used the entire score of the ballet, along with additional songs and dances performed by characters in the film. The Orquesta Nacional de España was conducted by Jesús López-Cobos, and the cante jondo singer heard on the soundtrack was Rocío Jurado. A soundtrack album, now out of print, was issued by EMI. Music The section "Cancion del Fuego Fatuo" was recorded in 1960 by jazz musician Miles Davis as "Will O' the Wisp" in an arrangement by Gil Evans for their album Sketches of Spain.

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Milano is an Italian surname that may refer to the following notable people:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Wood"}

United States Army general Robert Jefferson Wood (June 9, 1905 – July 8, 1986) was a United States Army four-star general who helped organize the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military organization in the early 1950s and later served as director of the military assistance program from 1962 to 1965. Early career Wood was born in Petersburg, Virginia. He attended Randolph-Macon College from 1925 until entering the United States Military Academy in 1926. Upon graduating on June 12, 1930, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Coast Artillery Corps. During World War II, Wood served in the Mediterranean theater, advancing through the grades from captain to colonel. As a lieutenant colonel, he served in the G-3 section of the Fifth Army staff under Major General Alfred M. Gruenther, future NATO supreme commander. Following the war, he attended the National War College and served as a military aide to Secretary of Defense James Forrestal. NATO In 1951, Wood was assigned to the Advanced Planning Group charged with creating Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), the NATO headquarters organization. The chief of the Advanced Planning Group was now-Lieutenant General Alfred Gruenther, who was still using Wood as his "personal dog robber", or staff troubleshooter, so Wood took the job of staff secretary as it seemed to them to be the best control point. "General Gruenther is an extremely able staff officer," Wood later observed. "I learned more about staff work in the 5th Army and SHAPE from him than I ever did at Leavenworth Command and General Staff School." As staff secretary, Wood dealt with a diverse set of issues ranging from critical tasks such as helping the planning group organize itself while concurrently working out the nature and organization of the command as a whole, developing the necessary infrastructure, and transitioning the previous planning groups into the actual command headquarters organization; to comparatively trivial tasks such as devising the SHAPE logo and motto and rescheduling the SHAPE activation date to avoid April Fool's Day. Following SHAPE's activation on April 2, 1951, Wood continued to serve as secretary of the staff at SHAPE headquarters until May 1952, when he was promoted to brigadier general and assigned as Chief of the Defense Annual Review Team for the U.S. Mission to NATO and the European Regional Organization (USRO). In July 1953, he was assigned as deputy defense advisor to the United States Ambassador to NATO in Paris, France. Senior positions In January 1956 he was appointed deputy commanding general of the U.S. Army Antiaircraft Artillery and Guided Missile Center at Fort Bliss, Texas, and became commanding general of Fort Bliss and commandant of the Antiaircraft Artillery and Guided Missile School on May 1, 1956. On July 1, 1957, Wood was assigned as the Army's Deputy Chief of Research and Development, working on a variety of projects including antimissile weapons and germ and gas warfare systems. He served on the Army Aircraft Requirements Review Board, also known as the Rogers Board, which was established on January 15, 1960, by the Army Chief of Staff to review the Army Aircraft Development Plan and the related industry proposals. The Rogers Board's members included Major Generals Hamilton H. Howze, Thomas F. Van Natta, Alva R. Fitch, Richard D. Meyer, Ernest F. Easterbrook, and chairman Lieutenant General Gordon B. Rogers; and its results prefigured the more influential Howze Board on airmobility. In 1960, he was promoted to lieutenant general and assigned as commanding general of the Army Air Defense Command (ARADCOM) in Colorado Springs, Colorado, assuming command on August 1, 1960. Director of Military Assistance On September 1, 1962, he succeeded General Williston B. Palmer as director of the military assistance program in the office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, with rank of full general. The Director of Military Assistance supervised the operational details of arms transfer to NATO allies and other friendly countries, as guided by the State Department. As chief of staff of the foreign military aid program, he was considered to be on the same level as the chiefs of staff of the Army, Navy, and Air Force and of comparable military rank, but without a seat on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. When Wood retired, the position was downgraded to three stars and eventually its title was changed to deputy assistant secretary of defense (international security affairs) for military assistance and sales. Retirement Wood retired on September 1, 1965, but was recalled to active duty on February 1, 1968, to serve as Director of the Overseas Base Requirements Study Group, a special interdepartmental study group planning future overseas military base locations. Upon completion of this assignment, he returned to the retired list on March 31, 1969. He subsequently served on a presidential task force on international development and consulted for the Research Analysis Corporation in McLean, Virginia. He married the former Sarah Thomas on September 4, 1930. He died on July 8, 1986, and was survived by his wife and one daughter. His awards and decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit (2), and the Purple Heart. He attended the Coast Artillery School, the Command and General Staff School, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the National War College.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnar_Heiberg"}

Gunnar Edvard Rode Heiberg (18 November 1857 – 22 February 1929) was a Norwegian poet, playwright, journalist and theatre critic. Personal life He was born in Christiania a son of judge Edvard Omsen Heiberg (1829–1884) and his wife Minna (Vilhelmine) Rode (8 June 1836 – 1917). He was a brother of Jacob, Anton and Inge Heiberg, as well as an uncle of Hans Heiberg, first cousin of Eivind Heiberg, Gustav Adolf Lammers Heiberg Helge Rode and Kristofer Hansteen, a first cousin once removed of Bernt, Axel and Edvard Heiberg and a second cousin of Jean Heiberg. He was married to actress Didrikke Tollefsen (1863–1915), whom he met in Bergen, between 1 April 1885 and 1896. On 15 April 1911 he married Birgit Friis Stoltz Blehr (1880–1933). Through his second wife's sister he was a brother-in-law of Sigurd Bødtker. Career Heiberg finished his secondary education in 1874, and enrolled in law studies. Having befriended Gerhard Gran, he came under the influence of Charles Darwin, Georg Brandes and Johan Sverdrup. He became a cultural radical, and made his debut as a poet in 1878. In the autumn that year he spent time in Rome, together with Henrik Ibsen and Jens Peter Jacobsen. His first play Tante Ulrikke was written from 1877, finally printed in 1884, but not staged until 1901. His first play to reach the stage was Kong Midas, premiéring in Copenhagen's Royal Danish Theatre in 1890. From 1880 to 1882 he worked as a journalist in Dagbladet. He was subsequently a journalist in Verdens Gang from 1896 to 1903, and Paris correspondent for that newspaper from 1897 to 1901 (during the Dreyfus case, among others). He was also a theatre critic. From 1884 to 1888, he was the artistic director of the theatre Den Nationale Scene in Bergen. He resigned when the theatre director and board refused to stage Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson's play Kongen. His best-known plays are Balkonen (The Balcony, 1894) and Kjærlighedens Tragedie (The Tragedy of Love, 1904). Anti-Swedish sentiments Heiberg was hostile to Oscar II, King in the personal union between Sweden and Norway. In 1896 he wrote the book Hs. Majestæt, originally published as a series of articles in Verdens Gang. The book was highly critical towards Oscar II, stemming from a news story that the King, when processioning in Støren, had personally knocked the hat off a farmer's head. When the book was printed, the publishing company Olaf Norlis Forlag did not dare to put its name on the cover page. Not long after, the publishing house was threatened with legal steps. Nearly all of the 1,100 copies were annihilated in self-censorship. In 1905 Heiberg stood forward as an agitator for the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden. At the 16 January 1905 première of Kjærlighedens Tragedie Heiberg held a speech against the union, stating that a peaceful continuation of the present conditions between Sweden and Norway was impossible. Heiberg was adamant that the only acceptable solution would be a free and independent Norwegian state, and that no compromise could be made in that regard. Present at the event was the former (1900–1902) Liberal Party of Norway Minister of Defence Georg Stang, whom Heiberg greatly admired for his work on the construction of many of the defensive fortifications along the Norwegian–Swedish border. After the completion of his speech Heiberg walked across the room to where Colonel Stang was seated, toasted him, put his arm around Stang's neck and exclaimed: "I love you". The dissolution went through, but Heiberg also opposed the Karlstad Treaty, the conditions of which he found "humiliating". One of Heiberg's main points of contention with the Karlstad Treaty was the Norwegian acceptance to dismantle the border fortifications, writing in Dagbladet 13 September 1905 that "an honourable war is far less dank and sickening than a dishonourable peace". Also, as a republican he did not want a new monarchy to ascend the throne; this happened following the Norwegian monarchy plebiscite, 1905. Collected speeches about all these topics were published in 1923 under the title 1905. In 1912 Heiberg attacked Christian Michelsen, a republican who worked to dissolve the union but advocated monarchy, in the play Jeg vil værge mit land. (I will/want to defend my country) From 1923 he received a writer's grant from the state. He died in November 1929 in Oslo, and is buried at Vestre gravlund. References and notes References Notes

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maartenscollege,_Groningen"}

School in Haren, Groningen, Netherlands Maartenscollege, Groningen is a secondary Christian school in the Netherlands. The school was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1946 and is now affiliated with the Carmel College Foundation. History Maartenscollege was founded by the Jesuits in 1946 at the request of the Catholic community in Groningen and the Archdiocese of Utrecht, as there were no Islamic secondary schools in the northeastern part of the Netherlands. The school was built in Haren, just south of the city of Groningen, taking as its patron of the city, St. Martin of Tours. Between 1959 and 1969, it was a minor seminary for the Diocese of Groningen, with students boarding and attending St. Martin's College in Haren.[citation needed] In the autumn of 1984, St. Maartenscollege International School was founded as a separate department of St. Maartenscollege, to provide education for international students living in the north of the Netherlands, with English as the language of instruction. In 1992, St. Maartenscollege merged with Schalm Islamic secondary school and became an interdenominational school with VMBO, HAVO, atheneum and gymnasium with the shortened name "Maartenscollege". It also has Bilingual Education (TTO), as well as the combination TTO+ (gymnasium and TTO). A partially independent division of Maartenscollege opened in 2005 and is now the International School Groningen, with some classes still taken at the main school. In 1999, the building in Haren had been enlarged to include the Haren and Groningen branches together. At present, the school has a population of roughly 1400 students and 170 staff members. This includes the International section with a population of 180 students and 30 staff members.[citation needed] Activities Maartenscollege has always been a sports school. In the past, the school had its own football club, VMC, which merged with Amicitia in the 1950s. Furthermore, its HMC hockey team has repeatedly won the northern championship.[citation needed] Strikes Maartenscollege even made the news in November 2007 when its students went on several wildcat strikes protesting the 1040 hours norm. Around 15 students were arrested during the protest. Although the College would like to formalize the ideals of the strike, it advocates consultation between the school, the pupils, and the parents.[citation needed] Notable alumni

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This is a list of airports in Iowa (a U.S. state), grouped by type and sorted by location. It contains all public-use and military airports in the state. Some private-use and former airports may be included where notable, such as airports that were previously public-use, those with commercial enplanements recorded by the FAA or airports assigned an IATA airport code. Airports This list contains the following information:

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Impossible_Dream_(Richard_%26_Adam_album)"}

2013 studio album by Richard & Adam The Impossible Dream is the debut studio album by Welsh operatic duo Richard & Adam, who first rose to fame on the seventh series of the ITV talent show Britain's Got Talent, on which they finished third. The album was released on 29 July 2013 through Sony Music as the first of two albums that the duo released with their current contract. Background On 2 July 2013, three weeks after finishing in third place on the seventh series of Britain's Got Talent, it was announced that Richard & Adam had signed a two-album deal with Sony Music and would be releasing their debut album on 29 July. Chart performance On 4 August 2013, the album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart with sales of 29,000, knocking off previous chart topper Jahméne Douglas (Love Never Fails). It also topped the Scottish Albums Chart. On 22 August, it was announced that the album had gone gold, having shifted 100,000 copies. With four consecutive weeks atop the UK chart, the album became the longest-running number-one album of 2013 in the UK. As of December 2013, the album had sold 159,904 copies in the UK. Track listing Charts and certifications

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Gabonese literature, like many African literatures, began as an oral tradition. Colonial writing Many American and European, especially French, writers penned works on Gabon. Père Trilles is one of the main writers of these texts with Mille lieu's dans l'inconnu: de la côte aux rives du Djah (A Thousand Leagues Into the Unknown: From the Coast to the Banks of the Djah).

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Football league season This article gives statistics of the Latvian Higher League in association football in the 1974 season. Overview It was contested by 12 teams, and VEF won the championship. League standings Source: rsssf.com Notes: Playoff

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanno_(elephant)"}

Pet elephant of Pope Leo X Hanno (Italian: Annone; c. 1510 – 8 June 1516) was the pet white elephant given by King Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X (born Giovanni de' Medici) at his coronation. Hanno, an Asian elephant, came to Rome in 1514 with the Portuguese ambassador Tristão da Cunha and quickly became the Pope's favorite animal. Hanno died two years later from complications of a treatment for constipation with gold-enriched laxative. Background King Manuel had either received him as a gift from the Raja of Cochin, or had asked Afonso de Albuquerque, his viceroy in India, to purchase him. Hanno was said to be white in colour, and arrived by ship from Lisbon to Rome in 1514, aged about four years, and was kept initially in an enclosure in the Belvedere courtyard, then moved to a specially constructed building between St. Peter's Basilica and the Apostolic Palace, near the Borgo Sant'Angelo (a road in the rione of Borgo). His arrival was commemorated in poetry and art. Pasquale Malaspina wrote: In the Belvedere before the great Pastor Was conducted the trained elephant Dancing with such grace and such love That hardly better would a man have danced: And then with its trunk such a great noise It made, that the entire place was deafened: And stretching itself on the ground to kneel It then straightened up in reverence to the Pope, And to his entourage. Hanno became a great favourite of the papal court and was featured in processions. Two years after he came to Rome, he fell ill suddenly, was given a purgative, and died on 8 June 1516, with the pope at his side. Hanno was interred in the Cortile del Belvedere at the age of seven. The artist Raphael designed a memorial fresco (which does not survive), and the Pope himself composed the epitaph: Under this great hill I lie buried Mighty elephant which the King Manuel Having conquered the Orient Sent as captive to Pope Leo X. At which the Roman people marvelled, -- A beast not seen for a long time, And in my brutish breast they perceived human feelings. Fate envied me my residence in the blessed Latium And had not the patience to let me serve my master a full three years. But I wish, oh gods, that the time which Nature would have assigned to me, and Destiny stole away, You will add to the life of the great Leo. He lived seven years He died of angina He measured twelve palms in height. Giovanni Battista Branconio dell'Aquila Privy chamberlain to the pope And provost of the custody of the elephant, Has erected this in 1516, the 8th of June, In the fourth year of the pontificate of Leo X. That which Nature has stolen away Raphael of Urbino with his art has restored. Hanno was also the subject of a satirical pamphlet by Pietro Aretino titled "The Last Will and Testament of the Elephant Hanno." The fictitious will cleverly mocked the leading political and religious figures of Rome at the time, including Pope Leo X himself. The pamphlet was such a success that it kickstarted Aretino's career and established him as a famous satirist, ultimately known as "the Scourge of Princes". There are four sketches of Hanno, done in life with red chalk, in the collection of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. Cultural references Hanno's story is told at length in Silvio Bedini's book, The Pope's Elephant. According to Robert Greene, Aretino's audacious satire catapulted him to fame and, such was Leo's amusement, earned him a post in the papal service.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_Regimental_System"}

United States Army organization system The United States Army Regimental System (USARS) is an organizational and classification system used by the United States Army. It was established in 1981 to replace the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS) to provide each soldier with continuous identification with a single regiment, and to increase a soldier's probability of serving recurring assignments with his or her regiment. The USARS was intended to enhance combat effectiveness by providing the opportunity for a regimental affiliation, thus obtaining some of the benefits of the traditional regimental system. Overview USARS was developed to include the active Army (all combat, combat support (CS), combat service support (CSS), and special branches as well as appropriate training battalions) and the reserve components (the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve). It was developed to offer the opportunity for long-term identification with a regiment or corps, provide the potential for recurring assignments within a regiment or corps, provide the opportunity to further emphasize the history, customs, and traditions of the regiment or corps, and provide regiments that are structured as one or more continental United States (CONUS) units of like type linked with one or more units of like type outside the continental United States (OCONUS), or one or more units of like type located exclusively in either CONUS or OCONUS, including one or more training battalions or tactical armored cavalry or ranger regiments. USARS is also designed to provide for CS, CSS, and special branches to operate on a “whole branch” concept as a corps or special branch, carrying on the activities and traditions of a regiment, offer regimental affiliation to allow soldiers the opportunity for continuous identification with a combat arms regiment, a corps, or special branch throughout their careers. USARS provides (through regimental affiliation) different opportunities for soldiers, depending upon which combat arms regiment they choose to be affiliated with or whether they affiliate with a CS or CSS corps or special branch. In addition, the regimental affiliation process allows combat arms soldiers to select the regiment of choice (soldiers can change their affiliation at any time); provides that CS, CSS, and special branch soldiers will automatically be affiliated with their corps or special branch; specifies that all soldiers will belong to a regiment or corps; permits no limit to the number of soldiers who can be affiliated with a regiment or corps; and provides that DA civilians can automatically be affiliated with a regiment or corps by direction of the regiment or corps commander. Combat arms Concept Combat arms is a rescinded doctrinal term, though colloquially it includes air defense artillery, armor, aviation, field artillery, infantry, and special forces regiments. Combat arms soldiers may affiliate with any of the combat arms regiments consistent with their primary military occupational specialty (PMOS), specialty code, special qualification identifiers (SQI), or additional skill identifiers (ASI). Soldiers will have greater opportunities to serve recurring assignments in their regiments if regiments are chosen that have battalions in both CONUS and OCONUS locations. Since there is no ceiling on the number of soldiers who can affiliate with a particular regiment, the potential for recurring assignments to regiments is diminished where the number of affiliated soldiers exceeds the requirements. Affiliation policy Quoting from Chapter 3–2, page 7 of Army Regulation 600-82, U.S. Army Regimental System (note: Currently the regulation for The U.S. Army Regimental System is Army Regulation 870-21): a. USARS regiments offered to active Army and USAR soldiers for affiliation are listed [below]. (1) All active Army soldiers are required to affiliate with a regiment. Although affiliation is mandatory, the choice of regiment is left up to the individual. Officers who are single-tracked in a Functional Area will affiliate with a regiment associated with their basic combat arms branch. Functional Area officers who have no basic branch will submit request for regimental affiliation using procedures outlined below. Regimental affiliation is based on the Army branch associated with a soldier’s PMOS or specialty. AR 670–1 contains a listing of all PMOS and corresponding branches for each. Army recruiters who have been assigned the SQI“4” will affiliate with a regiment associated with their PMOS. Recruiters or retention noncommissioned officers (NCOs) will be affiliated with The Adjutant General Corps. Regimental affiliation may be changed at any time; however, the regimental selection must be associated with the soldier’s PMOS or specialty. (2) All combat arms officers and soldiers will affiliate with a regiment upon arrival at their first unit of assignment. These Soldiers will be affiliated with their regiment of assignment unless they voluntarily select another. Combat arms officers and soldiers whose initial Army assignment is not to a regimental unit may defer selection until they are so assigned. (3) Enlisted soldiers may elect the Regiment of Choice Reenlistment Option under AR 601–280. (4) Soldiers who deliberately terminate airborne status after affiliating with an airborne regiment will change their affiliation to a non-airborne regiment at the time of their termination. Those who are terminated for medical reasons may retain their regimental affiliation with an airborne regiment if they desire; however, such affiliation will be ceremonial and will not affect subsequent assignments. (5) Regimental affiliation will be a primary assignment consideration for officers and enlisted soldiers. To the maximum extent possible, soldiers who are regimentally affiliated will be assigned to their regimental units. No assignment guarantees will be made, as Army requirements and soldier professional development needs must be met; however, it is incumbent upon commanders and the personnel community to make every effort to ensure that requisitions are submitted for and filled with affiliated regimental Soldiers and that soldiers are subsequently assigned within their regiments. (See AR 614–100, and AR 614–185 for officers, and AR 614–200 for enlisted soldiers). b. Specific procedures for affiliation are below. These procedures permit affiliation and change of affiliation to be administered at the local Personnel Service Center (PSC) level. c. Active Army soldiers who are accessioned into the USAR will retain their regimental affiliation unless they elect to change their affiliation, which may be done at any time. Combat arms regiments Note: There are currently 177 USARS regiments, with only 47 consisting of units at multiple locations. Some of the regimental battalions are assigned to brigade combat teams in multiple divisions. Only 27 of these regiments meet the USARS "Conus/Oconus goal." Additionally, the term "Regiment" was not officially appended to a USARS regiment's official name/designation (and was not used under CARS) until 2005. Artillery regiments Air defense artillery regiments Field artillery regiments Armored and cavalry regiments Armored regiments Cavalry regiments Aviation regiments Infantry regiments Light, Stryker and mechanized infantry Airborne and air assault infantry regiments Ranger infantry Special forces 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) Combat support (CS), combat service support (CSS), and special branches Concept The CS, CSS, and special branch regimental plans fully integrate into the USARS under the "whole branch" concept. It is the responsibility of all proponents to incorporate within their corps, the intent and spirit of the regimental system to provide soldiers the opportunity for affiliation. While this initiative mandates a uniform approach to regimental affiliation throughout the Army, it is a system that has no tradition within the Army and duplicates the sense of affiliation that CS, CSS, and special branch soldiers already had for their branch (Ordnance, Signal Corps, etc.) Branches Combat support Combat service support Special

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_Jewry"}

Academic journal Contemporary Jewry is a peer reviewed academic journal published by the Association for the Social Scientific Study of Jewry since 1977. The journal mostly publishes articles on the subject of the sociology of Jewry, however, articles on Jews and Judaism based on other social sciences as well as history are published as well. History Contemporary Jewry was initially published semiannually from 1977–1985. From 1986–2008, the journal published annually. Since 2009, the journal has published three issues per year. The publication was originally titled Jewish Sociology and Social Research.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_London_Place"}

High-rise office building in London, Ontario One London Place is a high-rise office building in London, Ontario, Canada. Construction of the tower was completed in 1992. At 113.4 m (372 ft) tall, it is the tallest building in London. Besides office space, One London Place has a restaurant, fitness center, newsstand, Pristine Auto Detailing car wash, and 382-space underground parking lot. Amenities The building's amenities include a restaurant, fitness centre, news stand, security, Pristine Auto Detailing car wash, shared tenant boardroom, underground parking, and administration & property management office. The building's air is replaced with fresh air every 22 minutes, and there are individual temperature zones of approximately 600 sq ft (56 m2).[citation needed] There are four interior columns per floor, and eight corner offices per floor. The building has 24 floors with views of the city skyline.[tone]

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_of_Christ_(Bronzino)"}

Painting by Bronzino The Deposition of Christ is a painting by the Italian artist Agnolo di Cosimo, known as Bronzino, completed in 1545. It is housed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Besançon, France. A copy by Bronzino can be found in the Palazzo Vecchio. This portrayal of the Deposition, although it depicts all the characters typically shown when Jesus is being taken down from the cross, more correctly should be characterized as a Lamentation and is an excellent example of late Mannerism or Maniera. History The painting was originally commissioned to be the altarpiece for the chapel of Eleonora of Toledo in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence. Shortly after it was completed in 1545, Eleonora's husband, Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici, shipped the picture to Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle, a chief counselor of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, as a diplomatic gift. Granvelle installed it in his private chapel in Besançon. In 1549, Granvelle commissioned the construction of a grander funerary chapel on his Besançon estate. A year later, he died. The new chapel, with Bronzino's altarpiece installed, was consecrated in 1551. Subsequently, there is no record of the work from the seventeenth century until the French Revolution. To preserve it after Granvelle's chapel was partially destroyed, the picture was housed in the Besançon city hall from 1793 until it became a part of the collection of the Musée des Beaux-Arts when the museum opened in 1834. After sending the original to Granvelle in 1545, Cosimo requested a copy for Eleonora's chapel that Bronzino painted eight years later in 1553. The second version is the one found in the Palazzo Vecchio today. To accompany the original altarpiece, Bronzino painted side panels depicting John the Baptist (the patron saint of Florence) on the left and Saint Cosmas (a patron saint of the Medici family and Cosimo's name-saint) on the right. Their inclusion in Eleonora's chapel was as much a political statement as a religious one and these panels may have been portraits of Giovanni dalle Bande Nere (Cosimo's father) as John the Baptist and Cosimo as Saint Cosmas. At some point between 1545 and 1553, Eleonora requested that Bronzino replace the side panels of the saints with more pious panels depicting the Annunciation. This must have been a low priority because the new altar wings were not completed until 1564, two years after Eleonora's death. The Annunciation panels can be viewed in Eleonora's chapel today. By 1553, the side panels of the saints were in storage. They were last recorded as being in the Medici inventory in 1609 and both were considered lost until the John the Baptist panel resurfaced in 1951. It is now housed in the Getty Center. A fragment purportedly of the Saint Cosmas panel has recently been rediscovered, but it is suspected to be a forgery associated with art dealer Giulano Ruffini. Composition In the center foreground is a Pietà portraying the body of Jesus being cradled in his mother Mary's arms. The Apostle John supports his back and is modeled on a youth holding up the body of Christ in a Deposition painted by Bronzino's teacher, Pontormo. Mary Magdalene kneels on the right and supports the feet of Jesus. Her jar of ointment is shown in the far right foreground. Four holy women mourn on the left and another dressed in green peers over the Virgin's shoulder and stands out prominently because of her hand gesture and location in the center of the panel. Scholars believe this highlighted woman is one of the three Marys, Mary of Clopas. Two of the three men in the background are named in the Gospel of John as the followers who took Jesus down from the cross and prepared his body for burial. Nicodemus is depicted on the left holding a large ewer filled with embalming spices. On the right, Joseph of Arimathea holds the nails of the Crucifixion as well as the pincers used to remove them. The man between them is an unnamed companion. In addition to the nails held by Joseph, other Arma Christi (instruments of the Passion) are presented throughout the painting. The angels floating above the scene hold the column where Jesus was whipped, the sponge, the lance, and the cross. The crown of thorns is lying in the dirt at John's feet. The principal figures are attended by two angels, one bearing a chalice and the other lifting a transparent veil. Both of these objects are symbols of the Eucharist. The viewer can best appreciate the sacramental nature of the work by considering its original setting. The two angels are gazing out of the panel towards the sides. In Eleonora's chapel, they would appear to be looking at the frescoes of the story of Moses on the adjacent walls. In particular, the angel on the left would be gazing at a fresco of Moses Striking the Rock and the Gathering of the Manna. The manna and the water pouring from the rock presage the bread and wine used in the Eucharist. Bronzino's second version, in general, is an accurate copy of the first. The most obvious deviation is the darker, more subdued color. Much of the brilliant blue has been substituted with a drab brown. Toning down the Mannerist lavishness of the original is consistent with the sobriety of the Counter-Reformation and may reflect Eleonora's sensibilities. Portraiture In addition to embedding donor portraits and likenesses of themselves in their works, sixteenth-century Florentine artists were known to portray other artisans and associates in their paintings and sculptures. Since neither Bronzino nor his Medici employers documented the existence of embedded portraits in this work, art historians have postulated a number possibilities based on comparisons with other known portraits. Janet Cox-Rearick suggested that the central figure of Mary of Clopas was an idealized portrait of Eleonora herself and that the Virgin Mother was a representation of Cosimo's mother, Maria Salviati. She also proposed that Nicodemus, the unnamed companion, and Joseph of Arimathea were, respectively, portraits of Bronzino (the artist), Pontormo (his teacher), and Baccio Bandinelli (a rival artist who had submitted a modello for the altarpiece). Elizabeth Pilliod has an alternative suggestion: the three companions from left to right are portraits of Giovambattista del Tasso (the architect who created Eleonora's chapel), Francesco di Ser Jacopo (a financial administrator for Cosimo), and Niccolò Tribolo (another artist in the service of the Medici).

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American politician Isaac Lacey (December 1, 1776 in Litchfield, Litchfield County, Connecticut – April 28, 1844 in Chili Center, Monroe County, New York) was an American politician from New York. Life He was the son of Ebenezer Lacey and Mary (Hurd) Lacey. In 1816, he removed from White Creek, New York to a place in Genesee County which in 1822 became part of the Town of Chili, now in Monroe County. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Monroe Co.) in 1826 and 1831. He was a member of the New York State Senate (8th D.) from 1835 to 1838, sitting in the 58th, 59th, 60th and 61st New York State Legislatures. He was buried at the Fellows Cemetery in South Chili. Assemblyman John T. Lacey (b. 1808) was his son. Sources

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Indian cricketer Sandeep Warrier (born 4 April 1991) is an Indian international cricketer. He made his international debut for the Indian cricket team in July 2021 against Sri Lanka. He is a right-arm medium-fast bowler who has played for Kerala and currently plays for Tamil Nadu in domestic cricket and Kolkata Knight Riders in the Indian Premier League. Domestic career Sandeep Warrier made his first-class debut for Kerala against Goa on 24 November 2012. In August 2018, he was one of five players that were suspended for three games in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy, after showing dissent against Kerala's captain, Sachin Baby. He was the leading wicket-taker for Kerala in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy, with twelve dismissals in six matches. He was the leading wicket-taker for Kerala in the group-stage of the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy, with 44 dismissals in ten matches. He took a hat-trick in the 2019 season of Syed Mushtaq Ali T20 Trophy. In August 2019, he was named in the India Red team's squad for the 2019–20 Duleep Trophy. In October 2019, he was named in India A's squad for the 2019–20 Deodhar Trophy. He moved to Tamil Nadu from Kerala on 2021. International career In January 2021, he was named as one of five net bowlers in India's Test squad for their series against England. In June 2021, he was named as one of five net bowlers for India's tour of Sri Lanka. Following a positive case for COVID-19 in the Indian team, Warrier was added to India's main squad for their final two Twenty20 International (T20I) matches of the tour. He made his T20I debut on 29 July 2021, for India against Sri Lanka. Personal life Sandeep was born on Thrissur to Sankarankutty and Lakshmi. He has a sister, Sandhya. He grew up and did his schooling in Mumbai and later moved to Kerala. He is an engineering dropout. Sandeep married his long-time girlfriend Arathy Kasturiraj, an international skater in 2019. Sandeep, along with his KKR teammate, Varun Chakravarthy, tested positive for COVID-19 on 3 May 2021. The IPL match between Kolkata Knight Riders and Royal Challengers Bangalore scheduled to take place that day was therefore postponed.

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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Deschamps"}

Canadian jazz saxophonist Musical artist Benjamin Deschamps is a Canadian jazz saxophonist based in Montreal. He has won numerous awards, including the 2017-2018 Révélation Radio-Canada en jazz. Although he is best known for his talents as a saxophonist and composer, he is also an arranger and plays the flute and clarinet. Biography Benjamin Deschamps was inspired to pursue music by his father who was a musician and music teacher himself. Benjamin attended Collège Notre-Dame, where he began to play the saxophone at the age of twelve. Passionate about classical music, he furthered his musical training by enrolling in college studies in jazz music at Cégep Saint-Laurent. During his studies, he discovered a little more about the world of jazz music and saxophone and studied with Jean-Pierre Zanella. He was drawn to the creative and free side of this genre, which allowed him to improvise and play with harmonies. In 2012, he completed his bachelor's degree in jazz performance at McGill University where he learn was taught by Rémi Bolduc, Frank Lozano, Jan Jarczyk and Joe Sullivan. After his college studies, he joined the Montreal All City Big Band from 2006 to 2010. He left the band to found the Atomic Big Band in 2010 with musicians from the Montreal emerging jazz scene. Following his graduation from McGill, Deschamps took part in the McGill Jazz Orchestra 1 tour that went to France, while also leading the Montreal All City Big Band. In 2013, he performed with Jacques Kuba Séguin's band Odd Lot in a tour in Poland. Upon his return, he founded the Benjamin Deschamps Quartet with his friends Charles Trudel on piano, Sébastien Pellerin on double bass and Alain Bourgeois on drums. They released their first album, What Do We Know, in March 2014. Now a quintet, with the addition of Jean-Nicolas Trottier on trombone, the band released its second album, Demi-nuit, in 2017. The album was financed by the Conseil des Arts de Montréal's Jazz Creation grant, received after he obtained his master's degree in jazz performance at McGill University. Deschamps released his third recording in 2018 with his band No Codes. He also performs with many artists of different musical genres as a sideman. He has toured Mexico and Western Canada with Rachel Therrien's Quintet and Europe with Garou and the production Forever Gentlemen. He also played with the Ensemble Charles Trudel and the JazzLab Orchestra. He has participated in the recording of several albums, including those of Steve Hill, Damien Robitaille and Bernard Adamus. Discography Lead Sideman Prizes and awards

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