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572fdbf3947a6a140053cd6c | question: What mechanism cause the bombs to be released ? context: While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse , X - Ger ä t use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews . Special receivers were mounted in He 111s , with a radio mast on the bomber ' s fuselage . The system worked on a higher frequency ( 66 – 77 MHz , compared to Knickebein ' s 30 – 33 MHz ) . Transmitters on the ground sent pulses at a rate of 180 per minute . X - Ger ä t received and analysed the pulses , giving the pilot both visual and aural " on course " signals . Three beams intersected the beam along the He 111 ' s flight path . The first cross - beam acted as a warning for the bomb - aimer to start the bombing - clock which he would activate only when the second cross - beam was reached . When the third cross - beam was reached the bomb aimer activated a third trigger , which stopped the first hand of the equipment ' s clock , with the second hand continuing . When the second hand re - aligned with the first , the bombs were released . The clock ' s timing mechanism was co - ordinated with the distances of the intersecting beams from the target so the target was directly below when the bomb release occurred . | clock ' s timing |
572ff90304bcaa1900d76f86 | question: How many people lived in Charleston in 2010 ? context: Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England , Charleston adopted its present name in 1783 . It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point . By 1690 , Charles Town was the fifth - largest city in North America , and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census . With a 2010 census population of 120 , 083 ( and a 2014 estimate of 130 , 113 ) , current trends put Charleston as the fastest - growing municipality in South Carolina . The population of the Charleston metropolitan area , comprising Berkeley , Charleston , and Dorchester Counties , was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727 , 689 – the third - largest in the state – and the 78th - largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States . | 120 , 083 |
57326547e99e3014001e6776 | question: What event led Eisenhower to want to improve highways in the US ? context: Eisenhower ' s goal to create improved highways was influenced by difficulties encountered during his involvement in the U . S . Army ' s 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy . He was assigned as an observer for the mission , which involved sending a convoy of U . S . Army vehicles coast to coast . His subsequent experience with encountering German autobahn limited - access road systems during the concluding stages of World War II convinced him of the benefits of an Interstate Highway System . Noticing the improved ability to move logistics throughout the country , he thought an Interstate Highway System in the U . S . would not only be beneficial for military operations , but provide a measure of continued economic growth . The legislation initially stalled in the Congress over the issuance of bonds to finance the project , but the legislative effort was renewed and the law was signed by Eisenhower in June 1956 . | the U . S . Army ' s 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy |
5727e2263acd2414000deee7 | question: What refused to appoint a slaveholder as a missionary ? context: Leading up to the American Civil War , Baptists became embroiled in the controversy over slavery in the United States . Whereas in the First Great Awakening , Methodist and Baptist preachers had opposed slavery and urged manumission , over the decades they made more of an accommodation with the institution . They worked with slaveholders in the South to urge a paternalistic institution . Both denominations made direct appeals to slaves and free blacks for conversion . The Baptists particularly allowed them active roles in congregations . By the mid - 19th century , northern Baptists tended to oppose slavery . As tensions increased , in 1844 the Home Mission Society refused to appoint a slaveholder as a missionary who had been proposed by Georgia . It noted that missionaries could not take servants with them , and also that the Board did not want to appear to condone slavery . | the Home Mission Society |
56dc552f14d3a41400c267cd | question: A gamate has how many chromosomes relative to a somatic cell ? context: Some organisms have multiple copies of chromosomes : diploid , triploid , tetraploid and so on . In classical genetics , in a sexually reproducing organism ( typically eukarya ) the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell and the genome is a full set of chromosomes in a diploid cell . The halving of the genetic material in gametes is accomplished by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis . In haploid organisms , including cells of bacteria , archaea , and in organelles including mitochondria and chloroplasts , or viruses , that similarly contain genes , the single or set of circular or linear chains of DNA ( or RNA for some viruses ) , likewise constitute the genome . The term genome can be applied specifically to mean what is stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA ( i . e . , the " nuclear genome " ) but can also be applied to what is stored within organelles that contain their own DNA , as with the " mitochondrial genome " or the " chloroplast genome " . Additionally , the genome can comprise non - chromosomal genetic elements such as viruses , plasmids , and transposable elements . | half |
56f8f52a9e9bad19000a0781 | question: Why did archaeologists count Iran as " The Near East " ? context: The term middle east as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology . An uncountable number of places appear to have had their middle easts from gardens to regions , including the United States . The innovation of the term " Near East " to mean the holdings of the Ottoman Empire as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap . The East Indies , or " Far East , " derived ultimately from Ptolemy ' s " India Beyond the Ganges . " The Ottoman Empire ended at the eastern border of Iraq . " India This Side of the Ganges " and Iran had been omitted . The archaeologists counted Iran as " the Near East " because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there . This usage did not sit well with the diplomats ; India was left in an equivocal state . They needed a regional term . | because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there |
56fae1d7f34c681400b0c16f | question: Along with Saho , what language is closely related to Somali ? context: The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro - Asiatic family . Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages . Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages , with academic studies of it dating from before 1900 . | Afar |
57304b48396df9190009604c | question: How much of the overseas trade did the Port of London take on ? context: Regardless , the Luftwaffe could still inflict huge damage . With the German occupation of Western Europe , the intensification of submarine and air attack on Britain ' s sea communications was feared by the British . Such an event would have serious consequences on the future course of the war , should the Germans succeed . Liverpool and its port became an important destination for convoys heading through the Western Approaches from North America , bringing supplies and materials . The considerable rail network distributed to the rest of the country . Operations against Liverpool in the Liverpool Blitz were successful . Air attacks sank 39 , 126 long tons ( 39 , 754 t ) of shipping , with another 111 , 601 long tons ( 113 , 392 t ) damaged . Minister of Home Security Herbert Morrison was also worried morale was breaking , noting the defeatism expressed by civilians . Other sources point to half of the port ' s 144 berths rendered unusable , while cargo unloading capability was reduced by 75 % . Roads and railways were blocked and ships could not leave harbour . On 8 May 1941 , 57 ships were destroyed , sunk or damaged amounting to 80 , 000 long tons ( 81 , 000 t ) . Around 66 , 000 houses were destroyed , 77 , 000 people made homeless , and 1 , 900 people killed and 1 , 450 seriously hurt on one night . Operations against London up until May 1941 could also have a severe impact on morale . The populace of the port of Hull became ' trekkers ' , people who underwent a mass exodus from cities before , during , and after attacks . However , the attacks failed to knock out or damage railways , or port facilities for long , even in the Port of London , a target of many attacks . The Port of London in particular was an important target , bringing in one - third of overseas trade . | one - third of overseas trade |
572ff2c7b2c2fd1400568631 | question: When can a player be transferred ? context: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association . The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January . Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA , usually on an emergency basis . As of the 2010 – 11 season , the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25 - man squad of players aged over 21 , with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances . This was to enable the ' home grown ' rule to be enacted , whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of ' home - grown players ' . | Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association . |
570ab0116d058f1900183080 | question: When was Johan Cruyff crowned footballer of the year for the third time ? context: The 1973 – 74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff , who was bought for a world record £ 920 , 000 from Ajax . Already an established player with Ajax , Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Francisco Franco . He further endeared himself when he named his son Jordi , after the local Catalan Saint George . Next to champions like Juan Manuel Asensi , Carles Rexach and Hugo Sotil , he helped the club win the 1973 – 74 season for the first time since 1960 , defeating Real Madrid 5 – 0 at the Bernab é u along the way . He was crowned European Footballer of the Year in 1973 during his first season with Barcelona ( his second Ballon d ' Or win ; he won his first while playing for Ajax in 1971 ) . Cruyff received this prestigious award a third time ( the first player to do so ) in 1974 , while he was still with Barcelona . | 1974 |
5730487aa23a5019007fd071 | question: Of pregnant women , how many are believed to be infected with HIV ? context: In 2004 , the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis , with 38 . 8 % of tested pregnant women infected with HIV ( see AIDS in Africa ) . The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought , land degradation , increased poverty , and HIV / AIDS . According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report , Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV / AIDS treatment , defined as 80 % coverage or greater . Estimates of treatment coverage range from 70 % to 80 % of those infected . Life expectancy had fallen from 61 years in 2000 to 32 years in 2009 . Tuberculosis is also a significant problem , with an 18 % mortality rate . Many patients have a multi - drug resistant strain , and 83 % are co - infected with HIV . | 38 . 8 % |
571a85094faf5e1900b8a9fc | question: The name of Gomer has often been linked to what ethnonym ? context: The name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz , the first son of Gomer , son of Khaphet , son of Noah , and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations ( Genesis 10 ) . The name of Gomer has often been linked to the ethnonym Cimmerians . Biblical Ashkenaz is usually derived from Assyrian A š k ū za ( cuneiform A š kuzai / I š kuzai ) , a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates , whose name is usually associated with the name of the Scythians . The intrusive n in the Biblical name is likely due to a scribal error confusing a waw ו with a nun נ . | Cimmerians |
570c2925ec8fbc190045bcd2 | question: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re - engineer ? context: During the September 11 , 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center , FBI agent Leonard W . Hatton Jr . was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed . Within months after the attacks , FBI Director Robert Mueller , who had been sworn in a week before the attacks , called for a re - engineering of FBI structure and operations . He made countering every federal crime a top priority , including the prevention of terrorism , countering foreign intelligence operations , addressing cyber security threats , other high - tech crimes , protecting civil rights , combating public corruption , organized crime , white - collar crime , and major acts of violent crime . | structure and operations |
572fb31fa23a5019007fc8c1 | question: What is the most typical staining technique used to identify acid - fast bacteria ? context: Acid - fast bacteria , such as Mycobacteria , are resistant to decolorization by acids during staining procedures . The high mycolic acid content of Mycobacteria , is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention . The most common staining technique used to identify acid - fast bacteria is the Ziehl - Neelsen stain or acid - fast stain , in which the acid - fast bacilli are stained bright - red and stand out clearly against a blue background . L - form bacteria are strains of bacteria that lack cell walls . The main pathogenic bacteria in this class is Mycoplasma ( not to be confused with Mycobacteria ) . | Ziehl - Neelsen stain |
572a629e7a1753140016aef1 | question: How long does someone have to be enrolled in alim courses to earn a certificate or graduate ? context: People of all ages attend , and many often move on to becoming imams . [ citation needed ] The certificate of an ʻ ā lim , for example , requires approximately twelve years of study . [ citation needed ] A good number of the ḥ uff ā ẓ ( plural of ḥ ā fi ẓ ) are the product of the madaris . The madaris also resemble colleges , where people take evening classes and reside in dormitories . An important function of the madaris is to admit orphans and poor children in order to provide them with education and training . Madaris may enroll female students ; however , they study separately from the men . [ citation needed ] | approximately twelve years |
5733ad50d058e614000b6020 | question: What act finally broke the power of the aristocracy ? context: Following the earthquake , Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power , and Sebasti ã o de Melo became a powerful , progressive dictator . As his power grew , his enemies increased in number , and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent . In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination . The T á vora family and the Duke of Aveiro were implicated and executed after a quick trial . The Jesuits were expelled from the country and their assets confiscated by the crown . Sebasti ã o de Melo prosecuted every person involved , even women and children . This was the final stroke that broke the power of the aristocracy . Joseph I made his loyal minister Count of Oeiras in 1759 . | Sebasti ã o de Melo prosecuted every person involved , even women and children |
57278650708984140094dfee | question: What was the age of the majority of child workers in Britain ? context: Many factors played a role in Britain ’ s long - term economic growth , such as the industrial revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age . Children who worked at an early age were often not forced ; but did so because they needed to help their family survive financially . Due to poor employment opportunities for many parents , sending their children to work on farms and in factories was a way to help feed and support the family . Child Labour first started to occur in England when household businesses were turned into local labour markets that mass - produced the once homemade goods . Because children often helped produce the goods out of their homes , working in a factory to make those same goods was a simple change for many of these youths . Although there are many counts of children under the age of ten working for factories , the majority of children workers were between the ages of ten and fourteen . This age range was an important time for many youths as they were first helping to provide for their families ; while also transitioning to save for their own future families . | between the ages of ten and fourteen |
572fca32a23a5019007fc9e1 | question: From what mystical lineage does this name benefactor ascend from ? context: Homer refers to the " Hellenes " ( / ˈ h ɛ li ː nz / ) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia , with its warriors under the command of Achilleus . The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks ( Γ ρ α ι κ ο ί ) . In Greek mythology , Hellen , the patriarch of Hellenes , was son of Pyrrha and Deucalion , who ruled around Phthia , the only survivors after the great deluge . It seems that the myth was invented when the Greek tribes started to separate from each other in certain areas of Greece and it indicates their common origin . Aristotle names ancient Hellas as an area in Epirus between Dodona and the Achelous river , the location of the great deluge of Deucalion , a land occupied by the Selloi and the " Greeks " who later came to be known as " Hellenes " . Selloi were the priests of Dodonian Zeus and the word probably means " sacrificers " ( compare Gothic saljan , " present , sacrifice " ) . There is currently no satisfactory etymology of the name Hellenes . Some scholars assert that the name Selloi changed to Sellanes and then to Hellanes - Hellenes . However this etymology connects the name Hellenes with the Dorians who occupied Epirus and the relation with the name Greeks given by the Romans becomes uncertain . The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League . This was an ancient association of Greek tribes with twelve founders which was organized to protect the great temples of Apollo in Delphi ( Phocis ) and of Demeter near Thermopylae ( Locris ) . According to the legend it was founded after the Trojan War by the eponymous Amphictyon , brother of Hellen . | was son of Pyrrha and Deucalion , who ruled around Phthia , the only survivors after the great deluge . |
57304103947a6a140053d347 | question: What act was approved on April 29th , 2010 ? context: Puerto Rico is designated in its constitution as the " Commonwealth of Puerto Rico " . The Constitution of Puerto Rico which became effective in 1952 adopted the name of Estado Libre Asociado ( literally translated as " Free Associated State " ) , officially translated into English as Commonwealth , for its body politic . The island is under the jurisdiction of the Territorial Clause of the U . S . Constitution , which has led to doubts about the finality of the Commonwealth status for Puerto Rico . In addition , all people born in Puerto Rico become citizens of the U . S . at birth ( under provisions of the Jones – Shafroth Act in 1917 ) , but citizens residing in Puerto Rico cannot vote for president nor for full members of either house of Congress . Statehood would grant island residents full voting rights at the Federal level . The Puerto Rico Democracy Act ( H . R . 2499 ) was approved on April 29 , 2010 , by the United States House of Representatives 223 – 169 , but was not approved by the Senate before the end of the 111th Congress . It would have provided for a federally sanctioned self - determination process for the people of Puerto Rico . This act would provide for referendums to be held in Puerto Rico to determine the island ' s ultimate political status . It had also been introduced in 2007 . | The Puerto Rico Democracy Act ( H . R . 2499 ) |
572846aa4b864d1900164894 | question: When did the first Gulf War begin ? context: Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities ( but not officially ended ) in the 1991 Gulf War , the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no - fly zones , to protect Iraq ' s Kurdish and Shi ' a Arab population — both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after the Gulf War — in Iraq ' s northern and southern regions , respectively . U . S . forces continued in combat zone deployments through November 1995 and launched Operation Desert Fox against Iraq in 1998 after it failed to meet U . S . demands of " unconditional cooperation " in weapons inspections . | 1991 |
570d1a25fed7b91900d45c0b | question: What airport is closest to Valencia ? context: Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana ( FGV ) , which operates the Metrovalencia and other rail and bus services . The Estaci ó del Nord ( North Station ) is the main railway terminus in Valencia . A new temporary station , Estaci ó n de Val è ncia - Joaqu í n Sorolla , has been built on land adjacent to this terminus to accommodate high speed AVE trains to and from Madrid , Barcelona , Seville and Alicante . Valencia Airport is situated 9 km ( 5 . 6 mi ) west of Valencia city centre . Alicante Airport is situated about 170 km ( 110 mi ) south of Valencia . | Valencia Airport |
57265d84dd62a815002e82ca | question: Which kingdom acquired some Thuringian territory ? context: Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814 , and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806 . The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states ' inclusion in the German Confederation ; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony . The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian - led unification of Germany were Saxe - Weimar - Eisenach , Saxe - Meiningen , Saxe - Altenburg , Saxe - Coburg - Gotha , Schwarzburg - Sondershausen , Schwarzburg - Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line . In 1920 , after World War I , these small states merged into one state , called Thuringia ; only Saxe - Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead . Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia . The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously . | the Kingdom of Prussia |
5725b8f638643c19005acbce | question: Who replaced Liniers ? context: On 3 February 1807 , British troops under the command of General Samuel Auchmuty and Admiral Charles Stirling occupied the city during the Battle of Montevideo ( 1807 ) , but it was recaptured by the Spanish in the same year on 2 September when John Whitelocke was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental — roughly the same area as modern Uruguay — and of Buenos Aires . After this conflict , the governor of Montevideo Francisco Javier de El í o opposed the new viceroy Santiago de Liniers , and created a government Junta when the Peninsular War started in Spain , in defiance of Liniers . El í o disestablished the Junta when Liniers was replaced by Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros . | Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros |
5730a225069b5314008321d9 | question: What was the SNES called in Japan ? context: The Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( officially abbreviated the Super NES [ b ] or SNES [ c ] , and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo [ d ] ) is a 16 - bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea , 1991 in North America , 1992 in Europe and Australasia ( Oceania ) , and 1993 in South America . In Japan , the system is called the Super Famicom ( Japanese : ス ー パ ー フ ァ ミ コ ン , Hepburn : S ū p ā Famikon ? , officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor , the Family Computer ) , or SFC for short . In South Korea , it is known as the Super Comboy ( 슈 퍼 컴 보 이 Syupeo Keomboi ) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics . Although each version is essentially the same , several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another . It was released in Brazil on September 2 , 1992 , by Playtronic . | Super Famicom |
5733625ed058e614000b59ab | question: Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire ? context: The earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much , if not all , of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire . Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan , including territories in the Zeravshan valley , formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire . After the region ' s conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco - Bactrian Kingdom , a successor state of Alexander ' s empire . Northern Tajikistan ( the cities of Khujand and Panjakent ) was part of Sogdia , a collection of city - states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE . The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi ( 141 – 87 BCE ) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished . Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities , as farmers , carpetweavers , glassmakers , and woodcarvers . | Alexander the Great |
56e7b45837bdd419002c43aa | question: Who was the Arena Football League ' s 2014 broadcast partner ? context: Starting in 2014 , ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners , with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network , ESPN , ESPN2 , ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN . ArenaBowl XXVII was also broadcast on ESPN . Most teams also have a local TV station broadcast their games locally and all games are available on local radio . | ESPN |
5707107390286e26004fc889 | question: Which precious metal did Biezma discover ? context: and Camargo . In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver , and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site . Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years . On December 8 , 1659 Fray Garc í a de San Francisco founded the mission of Nuestra Se ñ ora de Guadalupe de Mansos del Paso del R í o del Norte and founded the town El Paso Del Norte ( present day Ciudad Ju á rez ) in 1667 . The Spanish society that developed in the region replaced the sparse population of indigenous peoples . The absence of servants and workers forged the spirit of northern people as self - dependent , creative people that defended their European heritage . In 1680 settlers from Santa Fe , New Mexico sought refuge in El Paso Del Norte for twelve years after fleeing the attacks from Pueblo tribes , but returned to Santa Fe in 1692 after Diego de Vargas recaptured the city and vicinity . In 1709 , Antonio de Deza y Ulloa founded the state capital Chihuahua City ; shortly after , the city became the headquarters for the regional mining offices of the Spanish crown known as Real de Minas de San Francisco de Cu é llar in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain , Francisco Fern á ndez de la Cueva Enr í quez , Duke of Alburquerque and the Marquee of Cu é llar . . | silver |
5726d965f1498d1400e8ed0e | question: Who invaded the countries of Lithuania , Estonia and Latvia ? context: In mid - June 1940 , when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France , Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania , Estonia and Latvia . State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres , in which 34 , 250 Latvians , 75 , 000 Lithuanians and almost 60 , 000 Estonians were deported or killed . Elections were held with single pro - Soviet candidates listed for many positions , with resulting peoples assemblies immediately requesting admission into the USSR , which was granted by the Soviet Union . The USSR annexed the whole of Lithuania , including the Scheschupe area , which was to be given to Germany . | Soviet NKVD |
572935886aef051400154b6e | question: Which candidate , after dropping out , went on to endorse Kerry ? context: The dismal results caused Gephardt to drop out and later endorse Kerry . Carol Moseley Braun also dropped out , endorsing Howard Dean . Besides the impact of coming in third , Dean was further hurt by a speech he gave at a post - caucus rally . Dean was shouting over the cheers of his enthusiastic audience , but the crowd noise was being filtered out by his unidirectional microphone , leaving only his full - throated exhortations audible to the television viewers . To those at home , he seemed to raise his voice out of sheer emotion . The incessant replaying of the " Dean Scream " by the press became a debate on the topic of whether Dean was the victim of media bias . The scream scene was shown approximately 633 times by cable and broadcast news networks in just four days following the incident , a number that does not include talk shows and local news broadcasts . However , those who were in the actual audience that day insist that they were not aware of the infamous " scream " until they returned to their hotel rooms and saw it on TV . | Gephardt |
5733a8d44776f41900660f82 | question: Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists ? context: During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region . Although the Jadidists were pro - modernization and not necessarily anti - Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat . [ citation needed ] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand between 1910 and 1913 . Further violence occurred in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I . Despite Russian troops quickly bringing Khujand back under control , clashes continued throughout the year in various locations in Tajikistan . [ citation needed ] | Russians |
5731dae40fdd8d15006c659f | question: When was Brasilia inaugurated ? context: Juscelino Kubitschek , President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961 , ordered the construction of Bras í lia , fulfilling the promise of the Constitution and his own political campaign promise . Building Bras í lia was part of Juscelino ' s " fifty years of prosperity in five " plan . L ú cio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in 1957 , with 5550 people competing . Oscar Niemeyer , a close friend , was the chief architect of most public buildings and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer . Bras í lia was built in 41 months , from 1956 to April 21 , 1960 , when it was officially inaugurated . | April 21 , 1960 |
570c27d9ec8fbc190045bcb3 | question: How many Nazis were arrested ? context: Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s , the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies . Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested , and six were executed ( Ex parte Quirin ) under their sentences . Also during this time , a joint US / UK code - breaking effort ( the Venona project ) — with which the FBI was heavily involved — broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes , allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications . This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence . Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) until 1952 . Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957 . The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left , ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America ( CPUSA ) union organizers to American liberals . | Eight |
572846473acd2414000df84d | question: Why did von Neumann join government work ? context: Von Neumann entered government service ( Manhattan Project ) primarily because he felt that , if freedom and civilization were to survive , it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism from Nazism , Fascism and Soviet Communism . During a Senate committee hearing he described his political ideology as " violently anti - communist , and much more militaristic than the norm " . He was quoted in 1950 remarking , " If you say why not bomb [ the Soviets ] tomorrow , I say , why not today ? If you say today at five o ' clock , I say why not one o ' clock ? " | felt that , if freedom and civilization were to survive , it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism |
57300539b2c2fd1400568745 | question: What is the wettest season in Charleston ? context: Charleston has a humid subtropical climate ( K ö ppen climate classification Cfa ) , with mild winters , hot , humid summers , and significant rainfall all year long . Summer is the wettest season ; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers . Fall remains relatively warm through November . Winter is short and mild , and is characterized by occasional rain . Measurable snow ( ≥ 0 . 1 in or 0 . 25 cm ) only occurs several times per decade at the most , with the last such event occurring December 26 , 2010 . However , 6 . 0 in ( 15 cm ) fell at the airport on December 23 , 1989 , the largest single - day fall on record , contributing to a single - storm and seasonal record of 8 . 0 in ( 20 cm ) snowfall . | Summer |
56d37afb59d6e414001464df | question: What was the name of the song that Kris Allen and Adam Lamber released after American Idol ? context: Both Allen and Lambert released the coronation song , " No Boundaries " which was co - written by DioGuardi . This is the first season in which the winner failed to achieve gold album status , and none from that season achieved platinum album status in the U . S . [ citation needed ] | No Boundaries |
570b4f4dec8fbc190045b976 | question: What country refused to allow forces to stage within it ? context: After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq , which was refused , a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq . Approximately 250 , 000 United States troops , with support from 45 , 000 British , 2 , 000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces , entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait . ( Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north . ) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia , estimated to number upwards of 50 , 000 . After approximately three weeks of fighting , Hussein and the Ba ' ath Party were forcibly removed , followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups . | Turkey |
56e165e5e3433e1400422e88 | question: What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian ? context: According to Ethnologue , the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is : 87 % with Italian ; 85 % with Portuguese ; 80 % with Spanish ; 76 % with Ladin ; 75 % with Sardinian ; and 73 % with Romanian . | 87 % |
572f4ab9b2c2fd1400567fef | question: How can DC motor turn universal ? context: DC commutating electric motors , if fitted with laminated pole pieces , become universal motors because they can also operate on AC ; reversing the current in both stator and rotor does not reverse the motor . But the now - standard AC distribution frequencies of 50 and 60 Hz caused difficulties with inductive reactance and eddy current losses . Many railways chose low AC frequencies to overcome these problems . They must be converted from utility power by motor - generators or static inverters at the feeding substations or generated at dedicated traction powerstations . | if fitted with laminated pole pieces |
57097e99ed30961900e84213 | question: Repetition pitch is caused by what phenomenon ? context: It is still possible for two sounds of indefinite pitch to clearly be higher or lower than one another . For instance , a snare drum sounds higher pitched than a bass drum though both have indefinite pitch , because its sound contains higher frequencies . In other words , it is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of indefinite pitch , but sounds of indefinite pitch do not neatly correspond to any specific pitch . A special type of pitch often occurs in free nature when sound reaches the ear of an observer directly from the source , and also after reflecting off a sound - reflecting surface . This phenomenon is called repetition pitch , because the addition of a true repetition of the original sound to itself is the basic prerequisite . | the addition of a true repetition of the original sound |
56e02aba7aa994140058e2ea | question: What person is Saint Helena Island named after ? context: Most historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator Jo ã o da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal , and that he named it " Santa Helena " after Helena of Constantinople . Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da Cunha , 2 , 430 kilometres ( 1 , 510 mi ) to the south , and that Saint Helena was discovered by some of the ships attached to the squadron of Est ê v ã o da Gama expedition on 30 July 1503 ( as reported in the account of clerk Thom é Lopes ) . However , a paper published in 2015 reviewed the discovery date and dismissed the 18 August as too late for da Nova to make a discovery and then return to Lisbon by 11 September 1502 , whether he sailed from St Helena or Tristan da Cunha . It demonstrates the 21 May is probably a Protestant rather than Catholic or Orthodox feast - day , first quoted in 1596 by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten , who was probably mistaken because the island was discovered several decades before the Reformation and start of Protestantism . The alternative discovery date of 3 May , the Catholic feast - day for the finding of the True Cross by Saint Helena in Jerusalem , quoted by Odoardo Duarte Lopes and Sir Thomas Herbert is suggested as being historically more credible . | Helena of Constantinople |
5727fd7e2ca10214002d9acb | question: When is Armadillo Day held every year ? context: The undergraduates have a number of traditions : Painting The Rock ( originally a fountain donated by the Class of 1902 ) is a way to advertise , for example , campus organizations , events in Greek life , student groups , and university - wide events . Dance Marathon , a 30 - hour philanthropic event , has raised more than 13 million dollars in its history for various children ' s charities . Primal Scream is held at 9 p . m . on the Sunday before finals week every quarter ; students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream . Armadillo Day , or , more popularly , Dillo Day , a day of music and food , is held on Northwestern ' s Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day . And in one of the University ' s newer traditions , every year during freshman orientation , known as Wildcat Welcome , freshmen and transfer students pass through Weber Arch to the loud huzzahs of upperclassmen and the music of the University Marching Band . | on the weekend after Memorial Day |
570afefeec8fbc190045b7ba | question: What kind of calendar is the Gregorian calendar ? context: The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar . A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days , but as in the Julian calendar , in a leap year , a leap day is added to February . In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years , but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years . In the Julian calendar , this leap day was inserted by doubling 24 February , and the Gregorian reform did not change the date of the leap day . In the modern period , it has become customary to number the days from the beginning of the month , and February 29th is often considered as the leap day . Some churches , notably the Roman Catholic Church , delay February festivals after the 23rd by one day in leap years . | solar |
570a6d794103511400d596e9 | question: Who was believed to have added hops to beer in 1067 ? context: Beer was spread through Europe by Germanic and Celtic tribes as far back as 3000 BC , and it was mainly brewed on a domestic scale . The product that the early Europeans drank might not be recognised as beer by most people today . Alongside the basic starch source , the early European beers might contain fruits , honey , numerous types of plants , spices and other substances such as narcotic herbs . What they did not contain was hops , as that was a later addition , first mentioned in Europe around 822 by a Carolingian Abbot and again in 1067 by Abbess Hildegard of Bingen . | Abbess Hildegard |
5728bfe53acd2414000dfd9a | question: Who tried to liberate the city in 1429 ? context: During the Hundred Years ' War , the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436 . They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429 . A century later , during the French Wars of Religion , Paris was a stronghold of the Catholic League . On 24 August 1572 , Paris was the site of the St . Bartholomew ' s Day massacre , when thousands of French Protestants were killed . The last of these wars , the eighth one , ended in 1594 , after Henri IV had converted to Catholicism and was finally able to enter Paris as he supposedly declared Paris vaut bien une messe ( " Paris is well worth a Mass " ) . The city had been neglected for decades ; by the time of his assassination in 1610 , Henry IV had rebuilt the Pont Neuf , the first Paris bridge with sidewalks and not lined with buildings , linked with a new wing the Louvre to the Tuileries Palace , and created the first Paris residential square , the Place Royale , now Place des Vosges . | Joan of Arc |
56ce3124aab44d1400b8852d | question: What is the size of New York City in square miles ? context: Situated on one of the world ' s largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of New York State . The five boroughs – Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , the Bronx , and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . With a census - estimated 2014 population of 8 , 491 , 079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles ( 790 km2 ) , New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . By 2014 census estimates , the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States , as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area ( 20 . 1 million residents ) and the Combined Statistical Area ( 23 . 6 million residents ) . In 2013 , the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of nearly US $ 1 . 39 trillion , while in 2012 , the CSA generated a GMP of over US $ 1 . 55 trillion , both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries , respectively . | 305 |
57345209879d6814001ca513 | question: What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport ? context: Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century . Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club . Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use . Some groups represent a specific hunting interest , such as Ducks Unlimited , Pheasants Forever , or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation . Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government . | Local hunting clubs and national organizations |
571aa4fa4faf5e1900b8aba3 | question: When did Hisham ' s reign start ? context: The final son of Abd al - Malik to become caliph was Hisham ( 724 – 43 ) , whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion . Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria , which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus , and resumed hostilities against the Byzantines , which had lapsed following the failure of the last siege of Constantinople . The new campaigns resulted in a number of successful raids into Anatolia , but also in a major defeat ( the Battle of Akroinon ) , and did not lead to any significant territorial expansion . | 724 |
572ed1f3dfa6aa1500f8d412 | question: What is produced by a vacuum and used in electron beam welding and vacuum frying ? context: Vacuum is useful in a variety of processes and devices . Its first widespread use was in the incandescent light bulb to protect the filament from chemical degradation . The chemical inertness produced by a vacuum is also useful for electron beam welding , cold welding , vacuum packing and vacuum frying . Ultra - high vacuum is used in the study of atomically clean substrates , as only a very good vacuum preserves atomic - scale clean surfaces for a reasonably long time ( on the order of minutes to days ) . High to ultra - high vacuum removes the obstruction of air , allowing particle beams to deposit or remove materials without contamination . This is the principle behind chemical vapor deposition , physical vapor deposition , and dry etching which are essential to the fabrication of semiconductors and optical coatings , and to surface science . The reduction of convection provides the thermal insulation of thermos bottles . Deep vacuum lowers the boiling point of liquids and promotes low temperature outgassing which is used in freeze drying , adhesive preparation , distillation , metallurgy , and process purging . The electrical properties of vacuum make electron microscopes and vacuum tubes possible , including cathode ray tubes . The elimination of air friction is useful for flywheel energy storage and ultracentrifuges . | chemical inertness |
5727b0c23acd2414000de9df | question: Cases of totally drug - resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India ? context: Primary resistance occurs when a person becomes infected with a resistant strain of TB . A person with fully susceptible MTB may develop secondary ( acquired ) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment , not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately ( lack of compliance ) , or using low - quality medication . Drug - resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries , as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs . MDR - TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first - line TB drugs : rifampicin and isoniazid . Extensively drug - resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second - line drugs . Totally drug - resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs . It was first observed in 2003 in Italy , but not widely reported until 2012 , and has also been found in Iran and India . Bedaquiline is tentatively supported for use in multiple drug - resistant TB . | Iran |
56e461c28c00841900fbaf69 | question: What sort of considerations does architectural design take into account ? context: Architecture has to do with planning and designing form , space and ambience to reflect functional , technical , social , environmental and aesthetic considerations . It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology , and of light and shadow . Often , conflicting requirements must be resolved . The practice of Architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures , including scheduling , cost estimation and construction administration . Documentation produced by architects , typically drawings , plans and technical specifications , defines the structure and / or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed . | functional , technical , social , environmental and aesthetic |
57267326dd62a815002e8541 | question: After his successful coup against the Directory , what political office did Napoleon assume ? context: Despite the failures in Egypt , Napoleon returned to a hero ' s welcome . He drew together an alliance with director Emmanuel Joseph Siey è s , his brother Lucien , speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos , director Joseph Fouch é , and Talleyrand , and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d ' é tat on 9 November 1799 ( " the 18th Brumaire " according to the revolutionary calendar ) , closing down the council of five hundred . Napoleon became " first consul " for ten years , with two consuls appointed by him who had consultative voices only . His power was confirmed by the new " Constitution of the Year VIII " , originally devised by Siey è s to give Napoleon a minor role , but rewritten by Napoleon , and accepted by direct popular vote ( 3 , 000 , 000 in favor , 1 , 567 opposed ) . The constitution preserved the appearance of a republic but in reality established a dictatorship . | " first consul " |
572f02fbcb0c0d14000f170a | question: Who also profited from Southeast Asia resources ? context: The Dutch East India Company ( 1800 ) and British East India Company ( 1858 ) were dissolved by their respective governments , who took over the direct administration of the colonies . Only Thailand was spared the experience of foreign rule , although , Thailand itself was also greatly affected by the power politics of the Western powers . Colonial rule had a profound effect on Southeast Asia . While the colonial powers profited much from the region ' s vast resources and large market , colonial rule did develop the region to a varying extent . | colonial powers |
56df063dc65bf219000b3eef | question: While Christianity is ultimately one belief , a wide range of what is found among the different denominations and sects ? context: A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian . Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of " Christianity " . For example , Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows : | beliefs and practices |
5728c9483acd2414000dfe71 | question: What did Indians finally begin to demand ? context: One of the most important events of the 19th century was the rise of Indian nationalism , leading Indians to seek first " self - rule " and later " complete independence " . However , historians are divided over the causes of its rise . Probable reasons include a " clash of interests of the Indian people with British interests " , " racial discriminations " , " the revelation of India ' s past " , " inter - linking of the new social groups in different regions " , and Indians coming in close contact with " European education " . | complete independence |
56fa97178f12f3190063017f | question: What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support ? context: 50 Hz systems support three scanning rates : 50i , 25p and 50p . 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates : 59 . 94i , 60i , 23 . 976p , 24p , 29 . 97p , 30p , 59 . 94p and 60p . In the days of standard definition television , the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers , e . g . 23 . 976p was often called 24p , or 59 . 94i was often called 60i . 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates , therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity . Nevertheless , 29 . 97i / 59 . 94i is almost universally called 60i , likewise 23 . 976p is called 24p . | 50i , 25p and 50p |
5726e5ab5951b619008f81bf | question: What are written with very precise rules ? context: In addition to strictness in character size and shape , Chinese characters are written with very precise rules . The most important rules regard the strokes employed , stroke placement , and stroke order . Just as each region that uses Chinese characters has standardized character forms , each also has standardized stroke orders , with each standard being different . Most characters can be written with just one correct stroke order , though some words also have many valid stroke orders , which may occasionally result in different stroke counts . Some characters are also written with different stroke orders due to character simplification . | Chinese characters |
572fb2d4b2c2fd140056836f | question: What ' s the process by which bare copper gets covered in solder ? context: Matte solder is usually fused to provide a better bonding surface or stripped to bare copper . Treatments , such as benzimidazolethiol , prevent surface oxidation of bare copper . The places to which components will be mounted are typically plated , because untreated bare copper oxidizes quickly , and therefore is not readily solderable . Traditionally , any exposed copper was coated with solder by hot air solder levelling ( HASL ) . The HASL finish prevents oxidation from the underlying copper , thereby guaranteeing a solderable surface . This solder was a tin - lead alloy , however new solder compounds are now used to achieve compliance with the RoHS directive in the EU and US , which restricts the use of lead . One of these lead - free compounds is SN100CL , made up of 99 . 3 % tin , 0 . 7 % copper , 0 . 05 % nickel , and a nominal of 60ppm germanium . | hot air solder levelling |
570df1970dc6ce1900204d30 | question: What is Antarctica ' s ranking among the continents ? context: Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle , Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean ; alternatively , it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific , Atlantic , and Indian Oceans , or by the southern waters of the World Ocean . It covers more than 14 , 000 , 000 km2 ( 5 , 400 , 000 sq mi ) , making it the fifth - largest continent , about 1 . 3 times as large as Europe . The coastline measures 17 , 968 km ( 11 , 165 mi ) and is mostly characterized by ice formations , as the following table shows : | fifth - largest |
5726856d708984140094c8d1 | question: When did the Cubs announce a move of their top class A affiliate from Daytona to Myrtle Beach ? context: Before signing a developmental agreement with the Kane County Cougars in 2012 , the Cubs had a Class A minor league affiliation on two occasions with the Peoria Chiefs ( 1985 – 1995 and 2004 – 2012 ) . Ryne Sandberg managed the Chiefs from 2006 to 2010 . In the period between those associations with the Chiefs the club had affiliations with the Dayton Dragons and Lansing Lugnuts . The Lugnuts were often affectionately referred to by Chip Caray as " Steve Stone ' s favorite team . " The 2007 developmental contract with the Tennessee Smokies was preceded by Double A affiliations with the Orlando Cubs and West Tenn Diamond Jaxx . On September 16 , 2014 the Cubs announced a move of their top Class A affiliate from Daytona in the Florida State League to Myrtle Beach in the Carolina League for the 2015 season . Two days later , on the 18th , the Cubs signed a 4 - year player development contract with the South Bend Silver Hawks of the Midwest League , ending their brief relationship with the Kane County Cougars and shortly thereafter renaming the Silver Hawks the South Bend Cubs . | September 16 , 2014 |
573376974776f41900660b41 | question: Relative to the size of its economy , what country ' s banking collapse was the largest experienced by any country in economic history ? context: Several commentators have suggested that if the liquidity crisis continues , an extended recession or worse could occur . The continuing development of the crisis has prompted fears of a global economic collapse although there are now many cautiously optimistic forecasters in addition to some prominent sources who remain negative . The financial crisis is likely to yield the biggest banking shakeout since the savings - and - loan meltdown . Investment bank UBS stated on October 6 that 2008 would see a clear global recession , with recovery unlikely for at least two years . Three days later UBS economists announced that the " beginning of the end " of the crisis had begun , with the world starting to make the necessary actions to fix the crisis : capital injection by governments ; injection made systemically ; interest rate cuts to help borrowers . The United Kingdom had started systemic injection , and the world ' s central banks were now cutting interest rates . UBS emphasized the United States needed to implement systemic injection . UBS further emphasized that this fixes only the financial crisis , but that in economic terms " the worst is still to come " . UBS quantified their expected recession durations on October 16 : the Eurozone ' s would last two quarters , the United States ' would last three quarters , and the United Kingdom ' s would last four quarters . The economic crisis in Iceland involved all three of the country ' s major banks . Relative to the size of its economy , Iceland ’ s banking collapse is the largest suffered by any country in economic history . | Iceland |
5730132704bcaa1900d7711f | question: What percentage absorption do F - 4 epoxies have ? context: Moisture absorption occurs when the material is exposed to high humidity or water . Both the resin and the reinforcement may absorb water ; water may be also soaked by capillary forces through voids in the materials and along the reinforcement . Epoxies of the FR - 4 materials aren ' t too susceptible , with absorption of only 0 . 15 % . Teflon has very low absorption of 0 . 01 % . Polyimides and cyanate esters , on the other side , suffer from high water absorption . Absorbed water can lead to significant degradation of key parameters ; it impairs tracking resistance , breakdown voltage , and dielectric parameters . Relative dielectric constant of water is about 73 , compared to about 4 for common circuitboard materials . Absorbed moisture can also vaporize on heating and cause cracking and delamination , the same effect responsible for " popcorning " damage on wet packaging of electronic parts . Careful baking of the substrates may be required . | 0 . 15 % |
570e2d500b85d914000d7d0c | question: What trait causes depleted uranium to be used in gyroscopic compasses ? context: Depleted uranium is also used as a shielding material in some containers used to store and transport radioactive materials . While the metal itself is radioactive , its high density makes it more effective than lead in halting radiation from strong sources such as radium . Other uses of depleted uranium include counterweights for aircraft control surfaces , as ballast for missile re - entry vehicles and as a shielding material . Due to its high density , this material is found in inertial guidance systems and in gyroscopic compasses . Depleted uranium is preferred over similarly dense metals due to its ability to be easily machined and cast as well as its relatively low cost . The main risk of exposure to depleted uranium is chemical poisoning by uranium oxide rather than radioactivity ( uranium being only a weak alpha emitter ) . | high density |
5726e581f1498d1400e8ef29 | question: how are the shopping center corridors treated context: A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne ( nl ) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre . The corridors are treated as public places like streets , and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night . In 20 years from 2004 , parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area . Parts of the city ' s network of canals , which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area , will be recreated . The Jaarbeurs , one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands , is located at the west side of the central railway station . | The corridors are treated as public places like streets , and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night |
56d3e4762ccc5a1400d82f22 | question: In what year did Lee stop giving interviews about the book ? context: During the years immediately following the novel ' s publication , Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her , granting interviews , visiting schools , and attending events honoring the book . In 1961 , when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list , it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize , stunning Lee . It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year , and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962 . Starting in 1964 , Lee began to turn down interviews , complaining that the questions were monotonous , and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought . Since the , she declined talking with reporters about the book . She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction , writing in 1995 : " Introductions inhibit pleasure , they kill the joy of anticipation , they frustrate curiosity . The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come . Mockingbird still says what it has to say ; it has managed to survive the years without preamble . " | 1964 |
5727abdfff5b5019007d9235 | question: What accident caused the delay in plans for the new nuclear power plant in Bern ? context: The former ten - year moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants was the result of a citizens ' initiative voted on in 1990 which had passed with 54 . 5 % Yes vs . 45 . 5 % No votes . Plans for a new nuclear plant in the Canton of Bern have been put on hold after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in 2011 . The Swiss Federal Office of Energy ( SFOE ) is the office responsible for all questions relating to energy supply and energy use within the Federal Department of Environment , Transport , Energy and Communications ( DETEC ) . The agency is supporting the 2000 - watt society initiative to cut the nation ' s energy use by more than half by the year 2050 . | Fukushima Daiichi power plant in 2011 |
572e9e8bc246551400ce4402 | question: What did the Cypriot government find was the Turkish population on Cyprus ? context: Due to the inter - communal ethnic tensions between 1963 and 1974 , an island - wide census was regarded as impossible . Nevertheless , the Greek Cypriots conducted one in 1973 , without the Turkish Cypriot populace . According to this census , the Greek Cypriot population was 482 , 000 . One year later , in 1974 , the Cypriot government ' s Department of Statistics and Research estimated the total population of Cyprus at 641 , 000 ; of whom 506 , 000 ( 78 . 9 % ) were Greeks , and 118 , 000 ( 18 . 4 % ) Turkish . After the partition of the island in 1974 , Greeks conducted four more censuses : in 1976 , 1982 , 1992 and 2001 ; these excluded the Turkish population which was resident in the northern part of the island . | 118 , 000 ( 18 . 4 % ) |
56f9fa1e8f12f31900630037 | question: How long ago were rock paintings found in Somalia created ? context: Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country , depicting early life in the territory . The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex , which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures . In other places , such as the northern Dhambalin region , a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman . | 5000 years |
570c285fec8fbc190045bcbd | question: How many of the men died in prison ? context: In 2003 a congressional committee called the FBI ' s organized crime informant program " one of the greatest failures in the history of federal law enforcement . " The FBI allowed four innocent men to be convicted of the March 1965 gangland murder of Edward " Teddy " Deegan in order to protect Vincent Flemmi , an FBI informant . Three of the men were sentenced to death ( which was later reduced to life in prison ) , and the fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison . Two of the four men died in prison after serving almost 30 years , and two others were released after serving 32 and 36 years . In July 2007 , U . S . District Judge Nancy Gertner in Boston found the bureau helped convict the four men using false witness account by mobster Joseph Barboza . The U . S . Government was ordered to pay $ 100 million in damages to the four defendants . | Two |
5726bc5af1498d1400e8e981 | question: From what ancient source are chloroplasts descended ? context: Plants and various other groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes collectively known as " algae " have unique organelles known as chloroplasts . Chloroplasts are thought to be descended from cyanobacteria that formed endosymbiotic relationships with ancient plant and algal ancestors . Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain the blue - green pigment chlorophyll a . Chlorophyll a ( as well as its plant and green algal - specific cousin chlorophyll b ) [ a ] absorbs light in the blue - violet and orange / red parts of the spectrum while reflecting and transmitting the green light that we see as the characteristic colour of these organisms . The energy in the red and blue light that these pigments absorb is used by chloroplasts to make energy - rich carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by oxygenic photosynthesis , a process that generates molecular oxygen ( O2 ) as a by - product . | cyanobacteria |
572a437f1d046914007798af | question: What other religious groups went to Islamic courts ? context: These court categories were not , however , wholly exclusive : for instance , the Islamic courts — which were the Empire ' s primary courts — could also be used to settle a trade conflict or disputes between litigants of differing religions , and Jews and Christians often went to them to obtain a more forceful ruling on an issue . The Ottoman state tended not to interfere with non - Muslim religious law systems , despite legally having a voice to do so through local governors . The Islamic Sharia law system had been developed from a combination of the Qur ' an ; the Had ī th , or words of the prophet Muhammad ; ijm ā ' , or consensus of the members of the Muslim community ; qiyas , a system of analogical reasoning from earlier precedents ; and local customs . Both systems were taught at the Empire ' s law schools , which were in Istanbul and Bursa . | Jews and Christians |
56e16f1dcd28a01900c67927 | question: What is the origin of the Spanish word teja ? context: The same happens with Arabic loanwords . Thus , Catalan alf à bia " large earthenware jar " and rajola " tile " , of Arabic origin , contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja , of Latin origin ; whereas Catalan oli " oil " and oliva " olive " , of Latin origin , contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna . However , the Arabic element in Spanish is generally much more prevalent . | Latin origin |
5726af505951b619008f7a4b | question: Besides wear , what is a downside of stiff brush springs ? context: Large brushes are desired for a larger brush contact area to maximize motor output , but small brushes are desired for low mass to maximize the speed at which the motor can run without the brushes excessively bouncing and sparking . ( Small brushes are also desirable for lower cost . ) Stiffer brush springs can also be used to make brushes of a given mass work at a higher speed , but at the cost of greater friction losses ( lower efficiency ) and accelerated brush and commutator wear . Therefore , DC motor brush design entails a trade - off between output power , speed , and efficiency / wear . | lower efficiency |
5727fdb7ff5b5019007d9a59 | question: How long has the International System of Measurements based the second on caesium ? context: The most accurate timekeeping devices are atomic clocks , which are accurate to seconds in many millions of years , and are used to calibrate other clocks and timekeeping instruments . Atomic clocks use the frequency of electronic transitions in certain atoms to measure the second . One of the most common atoms used is caesium , most modern atomic clocks probe caesium with microwaves to determine the frequency of these electron vibrations . Since 1967 , the International System of Measurements bases its unit of time , the second , on the properties of caesium atoms . SI defines the second as 9 , 192 , 631 , 770 cycles of the radiation that corresponds to the transition between two electron spin energy levels of the ground state of the 133Cs atom . | Since 1967 |
572ed3f503f9891900756a67 | question: Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran ? context: According to Sahih al - Bukhari , the Quran was recited among Levantines and Iraqis , and discussed by Christians and Jews , before it was standardized . Its language was similar to the Syriac language . [ citation needed ] The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in Jewish and Christian sacred books ( Tanakh , Bible ) and devotional literature ( Apocrypha , Midrash ) , although it differs in many details . Adam , Enoch , Noah , Eber , Shelah , Abraham , Lot , Ishmael , Isaac , Jacob , Joseph , Job , Jethro , David , Solomon , Elijah , Elisha , Jonah , Aaron , Moses , Zechariah , John the Baptist and Jesus are mentioned in the Quran as prophets of God ( see Prophets of Islam ) . In fact , Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual . Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad , while Mary is mentioned in the Quran more than the New Testament . Muslims believe the common elements or resemblances between the Bible and other Jewish and Christian writings and Islamic dispensations is due to their common divine source , [ citation needed ] and that the original Christian or Jewish texts were authentic divine revelations given to prophets . | Moses |
571a5b3110f8ca1400304ff7 | question: Who identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories ? context: In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania , which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria , but later became associated with Germania . Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza / Scanzia , viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes , as early as a 6th - century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius . In the 10th - century History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertc ' i ( 1 . 15 ) Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia , as it was occasionally in Jewish usage , where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene , Khazaria , Crimea and areas to the east . His contemporary Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories , and such usage covered also the lands of tribes neighboring the Slavs , and Eastern and Central Europe . In modern times , Samuel Krauss identified the Biblical " Ashkenaz " with Khazaria . | Saadia Gaon |
5727428ff1498d1400e8f547 | question: What difficulty in harvesting cotton required a large labor force ? context: Cotton remained a key crop in the Southern economy after emancipation and the end of the Civil War in 1865 . Across the South , sharecropping evolved , in which landless black and white farmers worked land owned by others in return for a share of the profits . Some farmers rented the land and bore the production costs themselves . Until mechanical cotton pickers were developed , cotton farmers needed additional labor to hand - pick cotton . Picking cotton was a source of income for families across the South . Rural and small town school systems had split vacations so children could work in the fields during " cotton - picking . " | hand - pick |
572b581a34ae481900deadab | question: Why is it possible that the name zinc could be derived from the German zinn ? context: The name of the metal was probably first documented by Paracelsus , a Swiss - born German alchemist , who referred to the metal as " zincum " or " zinken " in his book Liber Mineralium II , in the 16th century . The word is probably derived from the German zinke , and supposedly meant " tooth - like , pointed or jagged " ( metallic zinc crystals have a needle - like appearance ) . Zink could also imply " tin - like " because of its relation to German zinn meaning tin . Yet another possibility is that the word is derived from the Persian word س ن گ seng meaning stone . The metal was also called Indian tin , tutanego , calamine , and spinter . | imply " tin - like " |
5709630f200fba1400367f2d | question: What is an example of " noise " that is filtered out through the interpretation processes ? context: Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their growth and development such as the formation of Marcelia and fruiting bodies . Fungi communicate with their own and related species as well as with non fungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions , especially with bacteria , unicellular eukaryote , plants and insects through biochemicals of biotic origin . The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner , while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages , they do not trigger the fungal organism to react . This implies that fungal organisms can differentiate between molecules taking part in biotic messages and similar molecules being irrelevant in the situation . So far five different primary signalling molecules are known to coordinate different behavioral patterns such as filamentation , mating , growth , and pathogenicity . Behavioral coordination and production of signaling substances is achieved through interpretation processes that enables the organism to differ between self or non - self , a biotic indicator , biotic message from similar , related , or non - related species , and even filter out " noise " , i . e . similar molecules without biotic content . | similar molecules without biotic content |
570688d052bb891400689a51 | question: What is another benefit of nocturnal migration ? context: Nocturnal migrants minimize predation , avoid overheating , and can feed during the day . One cost of nocturnal migration is the loss of sleep . Migrants may be able to alter their quality of sleep to compensate for the loss . | avoid overheating |
572674d5dd62a815002e8596 | question: How do characters differ in Mexican wrestling ? context: Although professional wrestling in Mexico ( lucha libre ) also has stories and characters , they are less emphasized . Wrestlers in Mexico are traditionally more agile and perform more aerial maneuvers than professional wrestlers in the U . S . who , more often , rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents . The difference in styles is due to the independent evolution of the sport in Mexico beginning in the 1930s and the fact that wrestlers in the cruiserweight division ( peso semicompleto ) are often the most popular wrestlers in Mexican lucha libre . Wrestlers often execute high flying moves characteristic of lucha libre by utilizing the wrestling ring ' s ropes to catapult themselves towards their opponents , using intricate combinations in rapid - fire succession , and applying complex submission holds . Lucha libre is also known for its tag team wrestling matches , in which the teams are often made up of three members , instead of two as is common in the U . S . | they are less emphasized |
5727b47e2ca10214002d9465 | question: What do the power variants provide ? context: As with previous USB versions , USB 3 . 0 ports come in low - power and high - power variants , providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively , while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates . Additionally , there is a Battery Charging Specification ( Version 1 . 2 – December 2010 ) , which increases the power handling capability to 1 . 5 A but does not allow concurrent data transmission . The Battery Charging Specification requires that the physical ports themselves be capable of handling 5 A of current [ citation needed ] but limits the maximum current drawn to 1 . 5 A . | 150 mA and 900 mA respectively |
5727b5944b864d1900163afb | question: What population will cause health spending to likely rise in the future ? context: Swiss citizens are universally required to buy health insurance from private insurance companies , which in turn are required to accept every applicant . While the cost of the system is among the highest it compares well with other European countries in terms of health outcomes ; patients who are citizens have been reported as being , in general , highly satisfied with it . In 2012 , life expectancy at birth was 80 . 4 years for men and 84 . 7 years for women — the highest in the world . However , spending on health is particularly high at 11 . 4 % of GDP ( 2010 ) , on par with Germany and France ( 11 . 6 % ) and other European countries , and notably less than spending in the USA ( 17 . 6 % ) . From 1990 , a steady increase can be observed , reflecting the high costs of the services provided . With an ageing population and new healthcare technologies , health spending will likely continue to rise . | ageing |
56d0bd38234ae51400d9c437 | question: What is the first Nid ā na ? context: Sentient beings always suffer throughout sa ṃ s ā ra until they free themselves from this suffering ( dukkha ) by attaining Nirvana . Then the absence of the first Nid ā na — ignorance — leads to the absence of the others . | ignorance |
572c0039dfb02c14005c6b3f | question: In deism is God represented in human form ? context: Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent : God exists , but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it . In this view , God is not anthropomorphic , and neither answers prayers nor produces miracles . Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity . Pandeism and Panendeism , respectively , combine Deism with the Pantheistic or Panentheistic beliefs . Pandeism is proposed to explain as to Deism why God would create a universe and then abandon it , and as to Pantheism , the origin and purpose of the universe . | God is not anthropomorphic |
5733612b4776f41900660932 | question: Who was one of the only mainstream economist to predict the financial crisis ? context: The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan , who instead spoke of the Great Moderation . A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis , with varying arguments . Dirk Bezemer in his research credits ( with supporting argument and estimates of timing ) 12 economists with predicting the crisis : Dean Baker ( US ) , Wynne Godley ( UK ) , Fred Harrison ( UK ) , Michael Hudson ( US ) , Eric Janszen ( US ) , Steve Keen ( Australia ) , Jakob Br ø chner Madsen & Jens Kjaer S ø rensen ( Denmark ) , Kurt Richeb ä cher ( US ) , Nouriel Roubini ( US ) , Peter Schiff ( US ) , and Robert Shiller ( US ) . Examples of other experts who gave indications of a financial crisis have also been given . Not surprisingly , the Austrian economic school regarded the crisis as a vindication and classic example of a predictable credit - fueled bubble that could not forestall the disregarded but inevitable effect of an artificial , manufactured laxity in monetary supply , a perspective that even former Fed Chair Alan Greenspan in Congressional testimony confessed himself forced to return to . | Raghuram Rajan |
56cee873aab44d1400b88c76 | question: Prior to New York , what city was the center of the world of art ? context: Returning World War II veterans created a post - war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens . New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world , with Wall Street leading America ' s place as the world ' s dominant economic power . The United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952 , solidifying New York ' s global geopolitical influence , and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York ' s displacement of Paris as the center of the art world . | Paris |
57315fc6497a881900248e99 | question: Why are there so few surviving mosaics from the Komnenian period ? context: There are very few existing mosaics from the Komnenian period but this paucity must be due to accidents of survival and gives a misleading impression . The only surviving 12th - century mosaic work in Constantinople is a panel in Hagia Sophia depicting Emperor John II and Empress Eirene with the Theotokos ( 1122 – 34 ) . The empress with her long braided hair and rosy cheeks is especially capturing . It must be a lifelike portrayal because Eirene was really a redhead as her original Hungarian name , Piroska shows . The adjacent portrait of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos on a pier ( from 1122 ) is similarly personal . The imperial mausoleum of the Komnenos dynasty , the Pantokrator Monastery was certainly decorated with great mosaics but these were later destroyed . The lack of Komnenian mosaics outside the capital is even more apparent . There is only a " Communion of the Apostles " in the apse of the cathedral of Serres . | accidents of survival |
57294516af94a219006aa225 | question: A group of militia from a very famous modern town in Connecticut came to fought in the Harbor , what was the name of their town ? context: On July 5 , 1779 , 2 , 600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon , governor of New York , landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3 , 500 - person town . A militia of Yale students had been prepping for battle , and former Yale president and Yale Divinity School professor Naphtali Daggett rode out to confront the Redcoats . Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle , he still couldn ' t quite believe the revolution had begun . New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777 , or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid , so many of the town ' s colonial features were preserved . | Yale |
56fa5c188f12f31900630136 | question: Ash and hickory are often used for baseball bats to comply with the rules of what organization ? context: Many types of sports equipment are made of wood , or were constructed of wood in the past . For example , cricket bats are typically made of white willow . The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory , and in recent years have been constructed from maple even though that wood is somewhat more fragile . NBA courts have been traditionally made out of parquetry . | Major League Baseball |
5726e4c8f1498d1400e8ef0d | question: What color stockings did Napoleon usually wear ? context: When he became First Consul and later Emperor , Napoleon eschewed his general ' s uniform and habitually wore the simple green colonel uniform ( non - Hussar ) of a colonel of the Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard , the regiment that often served as his personal escort , with a large bicorne . He also habitually wore ( usually on Sundays ) the blue uniform of a colonel of the Imperial Guard Foot Grenadiers ( blue with white facings and red cuffs ) . He also wore his L é gion d ' honneur star , medal and ribbon , and the Order of the Iron Crown decorations , white French - style culottes and white stockings . This was in contrast to the gorgeous and complex uniforms with many decorations of his marshals and those around him . | white |
57276ed9f1498d1400e8f802 | question: Which sub - antarctic islands have glaciers ? context: Glaciers are present on every continent and approximately fifty countries , excluding those ( Australia , South Africa ) that have glaciers only on distant subantarctic island territories . Extensive glaciers are found in Antarctica , Chile , Canada , Alaska , Greenland and Iceland . Mountain glaciers are widespread , especially in the Andes , the Himalayas , the Rocky Mountains , the Caucasus , and the Alps . Mainland Australia currently contains no glaciers , although a small glacier on Mount Kosciuszko was present in the last glacial period . In New Guinea , small , rapidly diminishing , glaciers are located on its highest summit massif of Puncak Jaya . Africa has glaciers on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania , on Mount Kenya and in the Rwenzori Mountains . Oceanic islands with glaciers occur on Iceland , Svalbard , New Zealand , Jan Mayen and the subantarctic islands of Marion , Heard , Grande Terre ( Kerguelen ) and Bouvet . During glacial periods of the Quaternary , Taiwan , Hawaii on Mauna Kea and Tenerife also had large alpine glaciers , while the Faroe and Crozet Islands were completely glaciated . | Marion , Heard , Grande Terre ( Kerguelen ) and Bouvet |
572f84b3a23a5019007fc6d3 | question: When did General Wolfe take Quebec ? context: All of Britain ' s campaigns against New France succeeded in 1759 , part of what became known as an Annus Mirabilis . Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon on 8 July 1758 fell to sizable British forces , cutting off French frontier forts further west . On 13 September 1759 , following a three - month siege of Quebec , General James Wolfe defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham outside the city . The French staged a counteroffensive in the spring of 1760 , with initial success at the Battle of Sainte - Foy , but they were unable to retake Quebec , due to British naval superiority following the battle of Neuville . The French forces retreated to Montreal , where on 8 September they surrendered to overwhelming British numerical superiority . | On 13 September 1759 , following a three - month siege of Quebec , General James Wolfe defeated the French |
572800173acd2414000df1da | question: When did John Von Neuman die ? context: John von Neumann ( / v ɒ n ˈ n ɔ ɪ m ə n / ; Hungarian : Neumann J á nos Lajos , pronounced [ ˈ n ɒ jm ɒ n ˈ ja ː no ʃ ˈ l ɒ jo ʃ ] ; December 28 , 1903 – February 8 , 1957 ) was a Hungarian - American pure and applied mathematician , physicist , inventor , computer scientist , and polymath . He made major contributions to a number of fields , including mathematics ( foundations of mathematics , functional analysis , ergodic theory , geometry , topology , and numerical analysis ) , physics ( quantum mechanics , hydrodynamics , fluid dynamics and quantum statistical mechanics ) , economics ( game theory ) , computing ( Von Neumann architecture , linear programming , self - replicating machines , stochastic computing ) , and statistics . | February 8 , 1957 |
57264129271a42140099d7df | question: The people of Greece that had higher education saw what dialect as beneath them ? context: Corruption and Trikoupis ' increased spending to create necessary infrastructure like the Corinth Canal overtaxed the weak Greek economy , forcing the declaration of public insolvency in 1893 and to accept the imposition of an International Financial Control authority to pay off the country ' s debtors . Another political issue in 19th - century Greece was uniquely Greek : the language question . The Greek people spoke a form of Greek called Demotic . Many of the educated elite saw this as a peasant dialect and were determined to restore the glories of Ancient Greek . | Demotic |
57300950a23a5019007fcc84 | question: Safavid Iran peaked during whose reign ? context: The centuries - long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire , led to numerous Ottoman – Persian Wars . The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great , 1587 – 1629 , surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength , and making the empire a leading hub in Western Eurasia for the sciences and arts . The Safavid Era saw the start of mass integration from Caucasian populations into new layers of the society of Iran , as well as mass resettlement of them within the heartlands of Iran , playing a pivotal role in the history of Iran for centuries onwards . Following a gradual decline in the late 1600s and early 1700s , which was caused by the internal conflicts , the continuous wars with the Ottomans , and the foreign interference ( most notably the Russian interference ) , the Safavid rule was ended by the Pashtun rebels who besieged Isfahan and defeated Soltan Hosein in 1722 . | Abbas the Great |
571a441a10f8ca1400304f95 | question: Where was there greater numbers of Latinos and Asian residents ? context: Anti - miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th , 19th and early 20th centuries , but this did not prevent white slaveholders , their sons , or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them . In California and the western US , there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents . These were prohibited from official relationships with whites . White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s . | In California and the western US |
570a718e4103511400d59720 | question: What do brewing companies sometimes use to give more alcohol content to their beer ? context: The strength of beers has climbed during the later years of the 20th century . Vetter 33 , a 10 . 5 % abv ( 33 degrees Plato , hence Vetter " 33 " ) doppelbock , was listed in the 1994 Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest beer at that time , though Samichlaus , by the Swiss brewer H ü rlimann , had also been listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest at 14 % abv . Since then , some brewers have used champagne yeasts to increase the alcohol content of their beers . Samuel Adams reached 20 % abv with Millennium , and then surpassed that amount to 25 . 6 % abv with Utopias . The strongest beer brewed in Britain was Baz ' s Super Brew by Parish Brewery , a 23 % abv beer . In September 2011 , the Scottish brewery BrewDog produced Ghost Deer , which , at 28 % , they claim to be the world ' s strongest beer produced by fermentation alone . | champagne yeasts |
5725c87b89a1e219009abe9e | question: Vaccinations programs encouraged what context: The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS , tuberculosis and malaria , protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases . However , a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation ' s allocation of aid . First , sub - Saharan Africa already suffered from a shortage of primary doctors before the arrival of the Gates Foundation , but " by pouring most contributions into the fight against such high - profile killers as AIDS , Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained , higher - paid clinicians , diverting staff from basic care " in sub - Saharan Africa . This " brain drain " adds to the existing doctor shortage and pulls away additional trained staff from children and those suffering from other common killers . Second , " the focus on a few diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and transportation " . Third , " Gates - funded vaccination programs have instructed caregivers to ignore – even discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent " . | discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent " . |
57303645947a6a140053d2a1 | question: On what day was the Confederate flag removed from South Carolina State House ? context: On June 17 , 2015 , 21 - year - old Dylann Roof entered the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church during a Bible study and killed nine people . Senior pastor Clementa Pinckney , who also served as a state senator , was among those killed during the attack . The deceased also included congregation members Susie Jackson , 87 ; Rev . Daniel Simmons Sr . , 74 ; Ethel Lance , 70 ; Myra Thompson , 59 ; Cynthia Hurd , 54 ; Rev . Depayne Middleton - Doctor , 49 ; Rev . Sharonda Coleman - Singleton , 45 ; and Tywanza Sanders , 26 . The attack garnered national attention , and sparked a debate on historical racism , Confederate symbolism in Southern states , and gun violence . On July 10 , 2015 , the Confederate battle flag was removed from the South Carolina State House . A memorial service on the campus of the College of Charleston was attended by President Barack Obama , Michelle Obama , Vice President Joe Biden , Jill Biden , and Speaker of the House John Boehner . | July 10 , 2015 |
5723d6630dadf01500fa1f49 | question: The removal of the Queens bedchamber ladies became known as what ? context: In 1839 , Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories ( both of whom Victoria detested ) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica . The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery . The Queen commissioned a Tory , Sir Robert Peel , to form a new ministry . At the time , it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household , who were usually his political allies and their spouses . Many of the Queen ' s ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs , and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories . In what became known as the bedchamber crisis , Victoria , advised by Melbourne , objected to their removal . Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen , and consequently resigned his commission , allowing Melbourne to return to office . | the bedchamber crisis |