values
sequence | metadata
dict |
|---|---|
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] | {
"pdf_file": "XGGSDGFBFOJ2GAT5CWQVQOO6N3PDMSGP.pdf",
"text": "2008 Press Releases\nFor press releases from other years, please click on one of the following links:\n \n2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007\n \n \n \n{loadposition 2008PR}\n \n 1 / 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "MI6PTIN3PEAOUDZMD54RFBXFYHE732A7.pdf",
"text": "Groseclose Water Project\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\nService Commencement for Groseclose Water Project\r\n\r\n\r\nMarion, Virginia\r\n\r\n\r\nApril 8, 2005\r\n\r\n\r\nToday I am pleased to join with Smyth County residents in celebrating the commencement of new public water service\nfor the communities of Groseclose and Atkins. This project represents another significant success in our ongoing work to\nbring clean drinking water to all Southwest Virginia homes.\r\n\r\n\r\nBeginning today, 62 homes in the communities of Groseclose and Atkins will for the first time receive publicly provided\ndrinking water. In the coming months, an additional 15 homes will also be added to the service area bringing the total\nservice area from the new water project to 77 homes in the Groseclose and Atkins communities. Previously, residents in\nthese communities had to rely on private wells for their drinking water, many of which were often insufficient. Residents in\nthe area have also endured on various occasions temporary boiling restrictions at their homes to ensure that the water\nfrom the private wells was safe for drinking.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn addition to the 77 homes which are receiving the new public water service , the Mountain Empire Regional Airport and\nfive other businesses in the area will also have access to the new public water system, and today's celebration marks a\nnew opportunity for business and industrial development in Smyth County. Currently, the area from the Exit 54\ninterchange on Interstate 81 to the Wythe County line is underdeveloped. However, this area presents an outstanding\nlocation for future residential, industrial and commercial growth due to its proximity to the Airport and Interstate 81. With\naccess to public drinking water now in place, I look forward to working with Smyth County officials in encouraging new\ndevelopment of various kinds in the area which surrounds us today.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe new water system was supported with $661,906 in federal funds from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's\nSafe Drinking Water Act program which is administered by the Virginia Department of Health. This sum represents the\nentire cost of the water project.\r\n\r\n\r\nMore than three and one half miles of water lines have been constructed along Lee Highway from the Exit 54\ninterchange to the Wythe County line, along Rocky Hollow Road and along Nelson Lane. In addition, a pump station has\nbeen constructed on Lee Highway to ensure adequate water pressure for the project.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe new public water service which will now be provided to residents of Groseclose and Atkins is a outstanding example\nof the combined efforts of federal, state and local officials to establish safe and clean public drinking water for our\nregion's residents.\rCongressman Rick Boucher\nhttp://www.boucher.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 2 May, 2006, 18:55 \r\n\r\nApproximately 20 years ago, barely one-half of Smyth County residents had access to publicly provided drinking water.\nSince that time, we have actively worked to obtain millions in federal funding to establish new water systems in Smyth\nCounty, including more than $13 million in the past 10 years alone. Today, everyone here can proudly acknowledge that\nthis work on the part of many people has born fruit. Today, 72 percent of all Smyth County homes have access to\npublicly funded water systems. \r\n\r\n\r\nI would also like to take the opportunity of these remarks to comment on the next infrastructure project which we are\nworking to fund for the community of Groseclose. In December of 2004, Congress approved my request for a federal\nappropriation in the amount of $250,000 to launch a public wastewater system project for Groseclose. Since that time,\nadditional federal funding in the amount of $346,871 from the Appalachian Regional Commission has been secured.\nSmyth County is currently seeking additional funding from the Commonwealth of Virginia that will be necessary to\nconstruct the new sewer system and hopes to begin construction on the project later this year. \r\n\r\n\r\nDeveloping a reliable network of infrastructure for all residents of Smyth County is a task that involves the cooperation\nand dedication of many individuals. And I want to thank some of those who have been instrumental in the success of the\nGroseclose water project and for the work they continue to do to establish public wastewater service for the community.\r\n\r\n\r\nI want to commend Charlie Clark who serves as Chairman of the Smyth County Board of Supervisors and Chairman of\nthe County's Water and Sewer Committee; Harold Slemp, Groseclose representative on the Board of Supervisors; other\nMembers of the Board; and Ed Whitmore, Smyth County Administrator; for all of their diligent work to advance the\nexpansion of Smyth County's water and wastewater systems. This project is another example of the good work they are\ndoing.\r\n\r\n\r\nI also want to thank Scott Simpson, Smyth County Engineer, and Sally Morgan, the Community and Economic\nDevelopment Director for Smyth County, who both deserve recognition for their effective work in aid of this project.\r\n\r\n\r\nI also want to thank Bob Dix and Elsie Evans for their commitment and dedication in bringing a public water system to the\ncommunity of Groseclose and the Mountain Empire Airport.\r\n\r\n\r\nFinally, I want to thank my District Administrator, Laura Lee, and my new Project Manager, Courtney Lamie, for their\npersistent and persuasive work in achieving this success. Their outstanding work has substantially contributed to the\nsuccess we celebrate today.\r\n\r\n\r\nToday's ceremony is an example of what can be achieved when citizens and government officials at the local, state and\nfederal levels work together in aid of a common purpose. For that cooperation and successful work in providing for clean\nand safe public drinking water for the residents of Groseclose and Atkins, I want to commend everyone here and offer\nspecial congratulations to the residents and business owners who will be receiving this vital new service.\r\n\r\nCongressman Rick Boucher\nhttp://www.boucher.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 2 May, 2006, 18:55"
} |
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"pdf_file": "O7N4FHZJHLMQ5QI2XPMYC2MSSNJ6DCNT.pdf",
"text": "I \n114 THCONGRESS \n1STSESSION H. R. 3354 \nTo amend title 18, United States Code, to provide an alternate release \ndate for certain nonviolent offenders, to amend title 18, United States Code, with respect to the computation of the good time credit toward service of sentences of imprisonment, and for other purposes. \nIN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES \nJULY 29, 2015 \nMs. J ACKSON LEE(for herself and Mr. C ONYERS ) introduced the following \nbill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary \nA BILL \nTo amend title 18, United States Code, to provide an alter-\nnate release date for certain nonviolent offenders, to amend title 18, United States Code, with respect to the computation of the good time credit toward service of sentences of imprisonment, and for other purposes. \nBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 1\ntives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2\nSECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3\nThis Act may be cited as the ‘‘Federal Prison Bureau 4\nRelief Act of 2015’’. 5\nVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:47 Aug 06, 2015 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\\BILLS\\H3354.IH H3354smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with BILLS 2 \n•HR 3354 IHSEC. 2. EARLY RELEASE FOR CERTAIN NONVIOLENT OF-1\nFENDERS. 2\n(a) I NGENERAL .—Section 3624 of title 18, United 3\nStates Code, is amended— 4\n(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘at the early 5\nrelease date provided in subsection (g), if applicable, 6\nor otherwise’’ after ‘‘A prisoner shall be released by 7\nthe Bureau of Prisons’’; and 8\n(2) by adding at the end the following: 9\n‘‘(g) E ARLY RELEASE FOR CERTAIN NONVIOLENT 10\nOFFENDERS .—Notwithstanding any other provision of 11\nlaw, the Bureau of Prisons, pursuant to a good time pol-12\nicy, shall release from confinement a prisoner who has 13\nserved one-half or more of his term of imprisonment (in-14\ncluding any consecutive term or terms of imprisonment) 15\nif that prisoner— 16\n‘‘(1) has attained the age of 45 years; 17\n‘‘(2) has never been convicted of a crime of vio- 18\nlence; and 19\n‘‘(3) has not engaged in any violation, involving 20\nviolent conduct, of institutional disciplinary regula- 21\ntions.’’. 22\nSEC. 3. GOOD TIME CREDIT. 23\n(a) I NGENERAL .—Section 3624(b)(1) of title 18, 24\nUnited States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘, beyond the 25\ntime served, of up to 54 days at the end of each year of 26\nVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:47 Aug 06, 2015 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\\BILLS\\H3354.IH H3354smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with BILLS 3 \n•HR 3354 IHthe prisoner’s term of imprisonment, beginning at the end 1\nof the first year of the term,’’ and inserting ‘‘of up to 54 2\ndays for each year of the prisoner’s sentence imposed by 3\nthe court,’’. 4\n(b) R ESTORATION OF CREDIT .—Section 3624(b)(1) 5\nis amended by striking the sentence beginning ‘‘Credit 6\nthat has not been earned’’ and inserting ‘‘The Bureau may 7\nsubsequently restore any or all credit previously denied, 8\nbased on the prisoner’s maintaining good behavior as de-9\ntermined by the Bureau.’’. 10\n(c) A PPLICABILITY .—The amendments made by this 11\nsection apply with respect to each prison sentence that has 12\nnot been completed before the date of the enactment of 13\nthis Act, except any sentence imposed before November 14\n1, 1987. 15\nÆ \nVerDate Sep 11 2014 03:47 Aug 06, 2015 Jkt 049200 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6301 E:\\BILLS\\H3354.IH H3354smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with BILLS"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "TTIW4RPBGSA7VUIZ6FAJFB3VIYGDENLI.pdf",
"text": "Location:Funct. Class:County:Site Names:Idaho Transportation Department\n00114, Moyie Springs\nBoundary (11)\nR Principal Arterial - Other\nUS-2 1.9 Mi. NW of Idaho-Montana LineMonthly Speed Distribution for April 2011\nRoadway NW DIR SE DIR NW 1 SE 1\n0-30 1 1 1 1 1\n30-35 1 1 0 1 0\n35-40 3 1 2 1 2\n40-45 8 3 5 3 5\n45-50 23 10 12 10 12\n50-55 74 33 41 33 41\n55-60 246 112 134 112 134\n60-65 353 172 181 172 181\n65-70 197 108 89 108 89\n70-75 56 36 20 36 20\n75-80 15 9 6 9 6\n80-85 3 1 1 1 1\n85-140 2 1 1 1 1\nAverage 62 62 61 62 61\nMedian 62 62 61 62 61\n85th %tile 68 69 68 69 68\n% over 55 89 90 87 90 87\n% over 60 64 67 60 67 60\n% over 65 28 32 24 32 24\n% over 70 8 10 6 10 6\n% over 75 2 2 2 2 2\n% over 80 1 0 0 0 0\n% over 85 0 0 0 0 0\nTotal 981 487 495 487 495\nPage 1 of 1 Created 04/21/2012 7:24:24AM MS01:"
} |
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"pdf_file": "FN57WLHIT65SCHMVG3K65PZW5PWM5CQ7.pdf",
"text": " NRC NEWS\n U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION \n Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200\n Washington, DC 20555-001 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov \n Web Site: http://www.nrc.gov/OPA\nS-01-030\nPredictability and Balance\nRemarks of Commissioner Nils J. Diaz\nUnited States Nuclear Regulatory Commission\nBefore the Special Symposium\nAmerica’s Energy Challenge - The Nuclear Answer\nTexas A&M University\nCollege Station, TX\nNovember 19, 2001\nIt is a real pleasure to speak today at this special symposium on America’s Energy Challenge -\nThe Nuclear Answer. I will be presenting my individual views today. They do not necessarily representthe views of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), except when indicated. I was asked to express my views on what is necessary to move forward with the new national energypolicy and the prominent role of nuclear energy. I will focus on what I believe the NRC needs to do. \nBut I do not want my position on what now are critical issues to be lost in the discussion. I\nbelieve it is my responsibility to deal first with national security considerations, i.e\n., security at nuclear\nfacilities. Therefore, I would like to state that:\n/G53 I strongly believe that having abundant and reliable energy is a national security issue.\nMoreover, it is a given that nuclear energy is an essential component of the energy portfolio ofthe United States.\n/G53 I will work to ensure that common defense and security activities are an integral component of\nthe NRC’s regulatory framework. These activities should be conducted as an enhancement, nota detriment, to our protection of public health and safety.\n/G53 I will continue striving to maintain nuclear power and radiation technologies as safe and as\nuseful to the people of America as they are and should be.\nWe all live with the realization that the attacks of September 11 have changed our lives and the\nway we do business. What I am not willing to accept is that anyone but the United States of Americadetermines how we are going to change. Freedom and the pursuit of happiness are at the core of our democracy, and no one is going to take them away from us. We must defend our way of life, not only\nfrom terrorism, but from those misguided interests that, even when well intended, could be harmful toour national interests and energy security is high on the list of vital national interests.\nThere are multiple assaults being launched - and in crescendo voices - using the attacks of\nSeptember 11 to unjustifiably brand nuclear facilities as highly vulnerable and as dangerous as an“American Chernobyl”. I answer these voices by saying that America’s nuclear facilities are hardenedin multiple ways and have the best physical security of any industrial infrastructure in the country. Asyou know, nuclear power plants in the U.S. have effective inherent capabilities to protect health andsafety through such features as robust containment buildings, redundant safety systems, highly trainedoperating crews, and tested emergency plans. The bottom line is that the public health and safety wouldultimately be protected, even if the containment is somehow damaged by an airplane. The containmentis not the last line of defense, it is but one line of defense. America will protect its people, actingbeyond site boundaries if needed.\nNuclear power plants compare quite favorably with many large and complex industrial facilities,\nincluding chemical plants, in terms of operational safety, safety infrastructure and physical protection. It is important to state to the American public that nuclear power plants are specifically designed andoperated to protect against a terrorist attack and acts of sabotage. \nI do not believe the doomsday scenarios being portrayed for nuclear facilities because, among\nother things, they do not take into account the decisive and powerful resources that the country woulduse to interdict and mitigate the consequences of a terrorist attack on any of our facilities that havehazardous materials. In addition, licensees and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission maintain veryeffective and frequently tested emergency plans whose sole purpose is to reduce hazards to the public. Ican assure you that our licensees, the NRC, and Federal, State, and local officials, work together toachieve a high degree of safety and security.\nIt is true that the operation of industrial complexes involves risks, which are not zero, but which\nwere not expected to be zero. A small radioactive release, or even a large radioactive release undersome very extreme circumstances, cannot be completely ruled out. What I am going to rule out is thatthe health consequences of a Chernobyl-like scenario would be applicable to the United States. Chernobyl was much more than a catastrophic reactor failure and the release of enormous quantities ofradioactivity to the environment. Chernobyl’s failure was the failure of a totalitarian society to protectand care for its people after a disaster...and this horrific mishandling of public health and safety cannotand is not going to happen in America. We will take care of our people, promptly and passionately, asSeptember 11 has shown, taking risks to avoid risks. Make no mistake, America will deliver thenecessary responses to protect public health and safety, and therefore, there will be no “AmericanChernobyl.” \nThe Chernobyl disaster was costly in many ways, but the consequences were and are still being\nexaggerated and distorted into something worse than what they were in terms of health effects. For therecord, what really happened at Chernobyl, in terms of public health and safety, was:\n/G53 a catastrophic release of radioactivity fueled by a fire in a combustible graphite reactor core,\nwithout a containment, that burned for many hours\n/G53 thirty-one prompt fatalities, twenty-eight due to acute radiation exposure of workers and firemen\nthat were sent to put out the fire (we now have a deeper appreciation of firemen everywhere) /G53 no other prompt fatalities, outside or inside the site \n/G53 one major, established delayed health effect, that is especially bad because it was avoidable:\nabout eighteen hundred children with thyroid cancer, with fewer than a dozen reported fatalities,due to the callous disregard of the former Soviet Union for its people. There are no other latentcancers attributed to Chernobyl. The 2000 UNSCEAR report states that “apart from this[thyroid cancer] increase, there is no evidence of a major public health impact attributable toradiation exposure 14 years after the accident. There is no scientific evidence of increases inoverall cancer incidence or mortality or in non-malignant disorders that could be related toradiation exposure.”\n/G53 site recovery accomplished, with the other reactors continuing to operate for years; permanent\nshutdown will be effected years from now\n/G53 substantial areas of land that were left radioactively contaminated and unused because of\nfinancial constraints and political maneuvering.\nI’d like to make additional points regarding the latent health effects of Chernobyl because the\nword cancer, like the word radiation, can be used to strike fear in the minds of people. Althoughthyroid cancer is usually treatable, it can have serious consequences and can be life-threatening ifuntreated. Evacuation and the use of potassium iodide pills would have significantly reduced theincidence of thyroid cancer. Leukemia has been expected to be among the early primary latent healtheffects seen among those exposed to significant amounts of radiation, yet excess cases of leukemia thatcan be attributed to Chernobyl have not been detected. \nI am not trying to compare in any way American reactors to Chernobyl-type reactors because\nthere is no comparison. Our reactors are so much better and so is our society. What I am trying toportray is that the failure of the former Soviet Union to do what was needed to mitigate the accident\nsignificantly contributed to its consequences . Can the United States of America do better than that? \nYou bet we can. Therefore, as we face the challenges of today and tomorrow, I will be publiclyresponding to the doomsayers, to counter the unjustifiable fear that they can cause in our people and thedamage they could inflict to our common defense and security, our economy, and our well-being.\nNow back to the future of nuclear energy.Since I have been with the Commission, I have been stressing that whether we make changes or\nwe stay the course, it is indispensable that our performance be predictable and fair. Besides beingexcellent regulatory policy, the socio-political nature of the uses of radiation and nuclear energy demandpredictability and fairness.\nI believe that the NRC has been performing with predictability and fairness over the past few\nyears. Predictability is essential for energy planning and it could very well be that it is needed nowmore than ever. The reason we are here today is to discuss the implications for nuclear energypresented by the National Energy Policy for the United States that the President and the Vice Presidentof the United States delivered a short time ago. This was a short time ago by the calendar, but it seemslike very old news in light of the events that have taken place in our nation and in the world. The National Energy Policy is designed to help bring together business, government, local\ncommunities and citizens to promote dependable, affordable and environmentally sound energy for thefuture. In this report, the President supports the expansion of nuclear energy in the United States as amajor component of the national energy policy. Notably, the report states that the NRC has made greatstrides to provide greater regulatory certainty while maintaining high safety standards. It is worthwhileto try to understand what I believe is a basis that underlies the potential for bringing nuclear powergeneration to center-stage in the debate on the energy policy for our country. Shown in Table 1 is acompilation of important aspects of the debate, summarizing what has changed in 20 plus years. Thepredictability of technical, regulatory and operational safety is improved and appears to favordevelopment.\nIn the nation’s interest, the NRC has been asked, with due consideration for safety and\nenvironmental protection, to consider as priorities for nuclear energy generation:\n- evaluating and expediting applications for licensing new reactors; \n- facilitating power uprates of existing plants; and, - relicensing existing nuclear power plants. \nI believe it is appropriate now that these issues also be considered in the interest of the common\ndefense and security. Each and every recommendation of the President’s report is to be assessed withinthe legal requirements established by the NRC mandate to ensure adequate protection of public healthand safety and the environment. \nI will now summarize how the NRC has addressed, and I believe should continue to address, \nthe three NRC priority issues discussed in the national energy policy. \nOn the potential review and licensing of new advanced technology reactors, the NRC has been\npreparing additional capabilities to respond to the nation’s demands. Much groundwork was doneearly, and a lot of it is useful to address today’s issues. 10 CFR Part 52, “Early Site Permits; StandardDesign Certifications; and Combined Licenses for Nuclear Power Plants,” was promulgated in 1989(and amended in 1992) to improve the efficiency of the regulatory licensing process. I am convincedthat the present pathway for potential licensing success of certified or certifiable new reactorapplications is Part 52. First, it exists -- not a minor issue. Secondly, it contains the requirements forassurance of safety and the processes for their implementation. And lastly, it can be upgraded to meettechnological advances that require new licensing approaches, without compromising safety. Thestatement of considerations for Part 52 states: “The future of nuclear power depends not only on thelicensing process but also on economic trends and events, the safety and reliability of the plants,political fortunes, and much else. The Commission’s intent with this rulemaking is only to have asensible and stable procedural framework in place for the consideration of future designs, and to make itpossible to resolve safety and environmental issues before plants are built, rather than after.” This\nstatement is as timely now as it was then . Significant work has been in progress in the past year to\naddress needs in this area. The NRC is preparing to process the industry-announced early site permitapplications that are expected next year.\nAnother priority, and not a minor one for the present energy scenario for the United States, is\npower uprates. You are well aware that U.S. nuclear power plants have been increasing their powerrating by a few percent, with relatively small changes in equipment and operations. This will probablycontinue, but of added significance now are the extended power uprates that licensees are beginning torequest. For example, supported by General Electric Topical Reports, as many as thirty Boiling Water Reactors may submit applications for increasing their power rating up to twenty percent. The NRC\nrecently approved a fifteen percent power uprate for Duane Arnold. This was the first extended poweruprate completed. Seven extended uprates are being reviewed by the NRC and more are expected. Theindustry estimates that up to ten percent additional power generation -- or about 10,000 MW electricalcapacity -- could be achieved in the next few years, if economic expectations for the power uprates aremet. Earlier this year the Commission approved my policy memorandum on power uprates andinstructed the staff to give high priority to power uprates and allocate appropriate resources tostreamline the NRC power uprate review process to ensure that it is conducted in the most effective andefficient manner. All of these and most of the other regulatory improvements conform to theCommission's decision to streamline our processes to focus attention on real safety. \nIn 1997, I spoke about the importance of license renewal to the stability and economics of\nelectricity generation in the United States. I stated that license renewal must become a reality for asignificant part of the U.S. nuclear fleet prior to any further developments, including new orders. I amsticking by my views and note that it is becoming a reality. Nuclear power plants, whose licenses areextended by formal regulatory approval, are essential to maintaining the large infrastructure needed forthe effective development of nuclear power and, I believe, for the energy security of the United States. \nI would like to share with you my simple recipe for achieving predictability and fairness in\nnuclear regulation and everything nuclear:\nbe disciplined\nbe meaningfulbe scrutable\nand good things will happen. This applies to everyone.\nI have been addressing predictability, now let me discuss the need for balance. Predictability\nand balance is the name of this talk. To achieve balance, the processes must be disciplined, bemeaningful and be scrutable. This is applicable across the board, including the protection of thenational electrical supply and its assets, and the protection of public health and safety. In our arena,both the NRC and licensees must balance the need for security at nuclear power plants with the othersafety needs at these facilities. Balanced efforts in the area of physical security and safety by theindustry and the NRC have been successful and demonstrate our security capability. \nLet me conclude by restating that there have been no credible threats to any nuclear facility in\nthis country but, even if there is a terrorist attack on a nuclear facility, I believe that America has, andwill deliver, the necessary responses to protect public health and safety. September 11 is a reality, areality that we are now facing and will continue to face. It is also a reality that nuclear power plants arevital to the energy security of this country and the well-being of its people. Nuclear Power Generation\nDevelopment Scenario\n1973 - 1982 2001\nInterest Rates High & Unstable LowInflation High & Unstable Low & StableElectrical Demand Decreasing IncreasingSocio-political Climate Negative ImprovingTechnical Maturity Low HighRegulatory Framework Low Predictability ImprovedEconomical Performance Poor & Unstable Good & ImprovingEnvironmental Image Poor ImprovingSafety Image Poor Good & ImprovingExpectations Too High RealisticCompetition/Deregulation None HighStandard (certified) Designs None Three +Combined License No YesImportant to National Security Yes YesFinancial Risk High ?Public Credibility Low ImprovingBottom Line Low Predictability Good Predictability\nTable 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "2S672A3DIW3E7MHKG25AHSCC7GP5IWSS.pdf",
"text": "06-Sep-05: Ayudar a los Victimas del Huracanes Katrina y Rita\n \n Ayudar a los Victimas de los Huracanes Katrina y Rita \n \n El 2 de septiembre de 2005, la Agencia Federal de la Administración de Emergencia \n(conocida como FEMA) estableció una linea telefonico gratuita, 1-800-440-6728, para aceptar\nla generosa asistencia para ayudar a las víctimas de Huracán Katrina. \n \n El Departamento de Seguridad Nacional ha establecido una pagina de web para razones\nsimilares. Si tiene los recursos para donar o vender a las agencias de emergencia, por favor\nregistran esos artículos en el Registro de Recurso de Crisis Nacional, accesible en: www.SW\nERN.gov\n. Las agencias de emergencia estarán verificando esta lista cuando la necesidad para las\nmaterias y servicios sean necesarios. \n \n En el Condado de Orange \n \n OperationOC es una cooperativa de asociaciones privados y públicos en el Condado de\nOrange que ayuda proveer las necesidades de los evacuados del Huracán Katrina traslados\nen el Condado de Orange. Al día, el Centro de Recursos de OperationOC ha proporcionado\nservicios para 474 evacuados de 205 familias. 210 evacuados han vuelto para servicios\nadicionales. El total del Condado de Orange reportada 472 familias que representan 951\nevacuados de los Huracanes Katrina y Rita como reportado por la Cruz Roja Americana del\nCondado de Orange. \n \n OperationOC ha proporcionado ayuda de prevención y emergencia, estabilización y\ntransición para dar esperanza a por lo menos 100 familias desplazadas. También ha \nestablecido una cuenta para Emergencia & Transición de Ayuda (conocida como ETA) que\ncuando financiada utilizará el programa Strong Beginnings para proporcionar ayuda personal y\nadministración de casos individuales; ayuda de transporte; ayuda de emergencia, transición y\nvivienda permanente; entrenamiento de trabajo; asistencia médica; proveer alimentos\nnutritivos; ropa profesional; artículos de higiene; consejo; y ayuda financiera. \n \n Con el programa OperationOC residentes pueden proporcionar artículos urgentes de \n 1 / 5 06-Sep-05: Ayudar a los Victimas del Huracanes Katrina y Rita\nnecesidad, donativos, proporcionar para familias desplazadas y ser voluntarios. Para más\ninformación, llame al 211, (714) 247-4328 o (800) 956-1613 (California y Texas sólo) o la\nvisita www.operationoc.org \n \n Si usted tiene una oferta de bienes o servicios, llama por favor nuestra línea directa en\n1-800-440-6728. Un representante tomará su nombre y la información en cómo contactarle,\nasí como qué tipo de bienes o le atienden a desea donar. Las ofertas del donativo pueden\nincluir envoltura temporaria para víctimas de desastre, para los vehículos, para el equipo de la\nconstrucción, para el alimento, para la ropa, o para otras ofertas que pueden ayudar esos\ndesplazado por Huracán Katrina. \n \n También puede donar dinero a varias organizaciones notables con años de experiencia en \nresponder a desastres. Incluyen la American Red Cross (Cruz Roja), Salvation Army y otras\norganizaciones. Pueden encontrar la lista de organizaciones de estan activas durante\ndesastres en la red: www.nvoad.org .Tambien pueden llamar nuestra línea directa de\ndonativos y un representante los puede referir a una de estas organizaciones. \n \n Si usted tiene una oferta de materiales o servicios, por favor llamen nuestra línea directa al 1\n-800-440-6728\n. Un representante tomará su nombre y información para contactarle, así como el tipo de\nmateriales o servicios desean donar. Donativos pueden incluir vivienda temporal para las\nvíctimas de desastre, vehículos, equipo o materiales de construcción, alimentos, ropa, o otras\ndonaciones que pueden ayudar a los victimos del Huracán Katrina. \n \n Individuos que tienen acceso a los medios de comunicación fuera de las áreas\nafectadas en el Gulfo Costa encuentran esta compilación de los recursos del Huracán\nKatrina útil. \n \n Si Californianos Oyen de Víctimas Atrapadas :\n La Oficina de Servicios de Emergencia de California (OES) ha aprendido que las víctimas\natrapadas en la Costa del Golfo estan llamando a sus familias, amigos, los adorar, o\ncualquiera persona que pueden hacer una llamada desde California para que los rescaten.\nContacte el U.S. Coast Guard línea del rescate al 800-323-7233 y asistencia inmediata será\nmandada. \n \n 2 / 5 06-Sep-05: Ayudar a los Victimas del Huracanes Katrina y Rita\n Las Personas Perdidas\n Si usted sabe de una persona perdida en la Costa de Golfo, llame a la línea directa de la\nCruz Rojo al 1-866-GET-INFO o 1-866-438-4636. \n \n Además, una variedad de sitios de web fueron establecidos para ayudar a reunirse con sus\nfamiliares que fueron afectados por el huracán. Estos sitios fueron programados\nindependientemente de una agencia oficial del gobierno: www.nola.com , www.nolarefugees.\ncom o http://baton\nrouge.craigslist.org/laf/\n. \n \n Voluntarios\n La situación en las partes afectadas hacen difícil para voluntarios generales que alcanzen \nlas zonas catastróficas. Se recomienda que personas quienes desean ayudar animen a\nmiembros de su comunidad que hagan donativos (ver abajo). \n \n El programa "Early Show" pasó un segmento con información general en como \naseguirse que su donativo es donado a una organización notable para ayudar las vicitmas del\nHuracán Katrina, para evitar el fraude. Para ver: www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/09/01/earlys\nhow/main811089.shtml \n \n El Servicio de Impuestos Internos (IRS) tiene información acerca de reclamar una deducción\npor sus donativos a organizaciones caritativas en www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=1083\n62,00.html \n \n - Las siguientes organizaciones caritatives estarán aceptando donaciones para\nayudar las victimas del Huracan Katrina: \n \n - Adventist Community Services: (800) 381-7171 \n - American Red Cross: www.redcross.org Spanish site is www.cruzrojaamericana.org \n1-800-HELP NOW (435-7669). Spanish is 1-800-257-7575. Because of the outpouring of \nassistance, the American Red Cross web site and phone lines have been jammed. Instead,\nindividuals can mail a donation to "American Red Cross - National Disaster Relief\nFund", P.O. Box 37243, Washington D.C. 20013.\n \n - America's Second Harvest: www.secondharvest.org\n 3 / 5 06-Sep-05: Ayudar a los Victimas del Huracanes Katrina y Rita\n 1-800-344-8070 \n - B'nai B'rith International: www.bnaibrith.org\n 1-888-388-4224 \n - Catholic Charities, USA: www.catholiccharitiesusa.org\n 1-800-919-9338 \n - Church World Service: www.churchworldservice.org \n 1-800-297-1516 \n - Corporation for National & Community Service Disaster Relief Fund: www.nationalservi\nce.gov \n (202) 606-6718 \n - Feed the Children: www.feedthechildren.org \n 1-800-525-7575 \n - Humane Society: http://www.hsus.org/ \n 202-452-1100 \n - Lutheran Disaster Response: www.lwr.org \n 800-638-3522 \n - Mennonite Disaster Service: www.mds.mennonite.net/\n 717-859-2210 \n - Nazarene Disaster Response: http://www.nazarenedisasterresponse.org \n 888-256-5886 \n - Presbyterian Disaster Assistance: www.pcusa.org/pda/\n 800-872-3283 \n - Salvation Army: www.salvationarmyusa.org/USNSAHome.htm\n 1-800-SAL-ARMY (725-2769) \n - Southern Baptist Convention: www.sbc.net/ \n 1-800-462-8657, ext. 6440 \n - United Jewish Communities: www.ujc.org/\n 1-800-462-8657, ext. 6440 \n - United Methodist Committee on Relief: www.methodistrelief.org\n 1-877-277-2477 or (800) 554-8583 \n \n Asistencia Para las Victimas del Costa del Golfo : \n \n - American Red Cross: (866) GET-INFO or (866) 438-4636 \n - Salvation Army: 1-800-SAL-ARMY \n - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): \n \n Para aquellos que sostuvieron pérdidas o propiedad dañada en un condado declaró como \nzona catastrófica por el gobierno federal pueden ser eligibles para obtener ayuda federal y\nestatal. La ayuda puede incluir: becas para vivienda temporal, reparaciones para propiedad\nindividual y los préstamos del bajo-interés a propietarios. \n 4 / 5 06-Sep-05: Ayudar a los Victimas del Huracanes Katrina y Rita\n \n Para solicitar a los programas de ayuda de desastre de FEMA, llame la línea de registracion\nde FEMA al 1-800-621-FEMA (3362) o 1-800-462-7585. Esta línea está abierta las 24 horas al\ndía, y los residentes son recomendados a llamar por la noche o en la manana para reducir el\ntiempo de esperar. \n \n Información adicional acerca de los programs de FEMA puede obtener en ww\nw.fema.gov/about/process/\n o \nwww.fema.gov/rrr/qanda.shtm\n, \n \n http://www.fema.gov/hazards/hurricanes/ o www.fema.gov/press/2005/resources_katrina.sht\nm \n \n Administracion de Negocios Pequeños: (800) 621-3362 or www.sba.gov/disaster_recov/lo\naninfo/dloanassit.html \n \n National Flood Insurance Program: (888) 379-9531 or www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/p\nages/fileaclaim.jsp \n \n Shelter :\n Para aquellos que necesitan hogar, concaten a la Cruz Rojo al 1-866-GET-INFO (438-4636). \n \n 5 / 5"
} |
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"pdf_file": "U4KYMMKKOPMN5E4H4J3X3L3KQ5HUY7GF.pdf",
"text": " \nOffice of the President \n3211 FOURTH STREET NE WASHINGTON DC 20017-1194 202-541-3100 FAX 202-541-3166 \nMost Reverend Timothy M. Dolan \nArchbishop of New York \nPresident \n \nMay 18, 2011 \n \n \nThe Honorable Paul Ryan United States House of Representatives 1\nst District, Wisconsin \nWashington Office 1113 Longworth House Office Building \nWashington, DC 20515-4901 \n Dear Mr. Ryan, \nThank you for your kind and enlightening letter of April 29, 2011. \n \nI deeply appreciate your letter’s assurances of your con tinued attention to the guidance of Catholic social \njustice in the current delicate budget considerations in Congr ess. As you allude to in your letter, the budget is not \njust about numbers. It reflects the very values of our nation. As many religious leaders have commented, budgets \nare moral statements. \n \nAs is so clear from your correspondence, the light of ou r faith – anchored in the Bible, the tradition of the \nChurch, and the Natural Law – can help illumine and guide solid American cons titutional wisdom. Thus I \ncommend your letter’s attention to the important values of fiscal responsibility; sensitivity to the foundational role \nof the family; the primacy of the dignity of the human person and the protection of all human life; a concrete \nsolicitude for the poor and the vulnerable, especially those who are hungry and homeless, without work or in \npoverty; and putting into practice the principles of solidar ity and subsidiarity, here at home and internationally \nwithin the context of a commitment to the common good sh ared by government and other mediating institutions \nalike. \n \nI am grateful as well for your letter’s attention to the priorities I expressed in my letter of January 14, 2011 \nto all the members of Congress, as well as to specific con cerns raised recently by my two brother bishops, Stephen \nBlaire, Chairman of the USCCB Committee on Domestic Ju stice and Human Developmen t, and Howard Hubbard, \nChairman of the USCCB Committee on International Justice and Peace, in their letter of April 13, 2011 about the \nbudget proposed by the House of Representatives which al so expressed the very principles mentioned above. \n \nIt is clear that all of this correspondence reflects r ecognition of the foundational principles at work. Within \nthe given parameters of such principles, people of go od will might offer and emphasize various policy proposals \nthat reflect their experience and expertise. The principles of Catholic social teaching contain truths that need to be \napplied. Thus, one must always exercise prudential judgm ent in applying these principl es while never contradicting \nthe intrinsic values that they protect. Congressman Paul Ryan \nUS House of Representatives May 18, 2011 \nPage Two of Two \nA singularly significant part of our duty as pastors is to insist that the cries of the poor are heard, and that \nthe much needed reform leading to financial discipline th at is recognized by all neve r adds further burdens upon \nthose who are poor and most vulnerable, nor distracts us fro m our country’s historic consideration of the needs of \nthe world’s suffering people. The late Blessed Pope John Paul II was clear about this when he said: “When there is \nquestion of defending the rights of individuals, the defensel ess and the poor have a claim to special consideration” \n(Centesimus Annus , 10, citing Rerum Novarum, 37 ). In any transition that seeks to bring new proposals to current \nproblems in order to build a better future, care must be taken that those currently in need not be left to suffer. I \nappreciate your assurance that your budget would be attentive to such considerations and would protect those at risk \nin the processes and programs of such a transition. Wh ile appreciating these assurances, our duty as pastors will \nmotivate our close attention to the ma nner in which they become a reality. \n \nThe principles of subsidiarity and solidarity are interre lated to one another. The late Pope reminded us that, \n“... the principle of subsidiarity must be respected: a community of a higher order should not interfere in the \ninternal life of a community of a lower order, depriving the latter of its functions, but rather should support it in \ncase of need and help to coordinate its activity with the activities of the rest of society, always with a view to the \ncommon good. ( Centesimus Annus , 48).” Thus you rightly pointed out Pope John Paul’s comments on the limits of \nwhat he termed the “Social Assistance State.” \n \nYour letter is correct in observing that the Church makes an essential contribu tion to society when she \nraises up moral principles to help guide and inform decisi ons about public policy in a compelling way. We bishops \nare very conscious that we are pastors, never politicians . As the Second Vatican Counc il reminds us, it is the lay \nfaithful who have the specific charism of political leadership and decision ( Lumen Gentium, 31; Apostolicam \nActuositatem 13). The high call to public service which you ha ve nobly answered entitles you and all our elected \nofficials to our respect and constant prayer. Tha nks to you and your colleagues for accepting that call. \n \nThis exchange of correspondence will be, I trust, but the beginning of an ongoing dialogue, in service, I \npray, of the country we love and the religious convictions that have always inspired sound citizenship and generous \npublic service. If that dialogue might be furthered by m eeting with Bishops Blaire, H ubbard and me, we would be \npleased to make ourselves available. \n \nWith prayerful best wishes and renewed gratitude, I am, \n \nFaithfully, \n Most Reverend Timothy M. Dolan Archbishop of New York \nPresident, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops "
} |
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"text": " \n \n National Park Service \n U.S. Department of the Interior Capitol Reef National Park \n Torrey, Utah \n \nUnited States Department of the Interior • National Park Service • Capitol Reef National Park \nRehabilitate and Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road \nEnvironmental Assessment \n \nFebruary 2010 \n \n \n \n \n \nRehabilitate and Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road \n \nEnvironmental Assessment \n \nSummary \nCapitol Reef National Park (park), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration \n(FHWA), Central Federal Lands Highway Division (CFLHD), proposes to rehabilitate and resurface eight miles of the Scenic Drive roadway from the intersection with Utah State Route \n24 (SR-24) (milepost 0.0) and the parking lot for Capitol Gorge (milepost 8.0). \nThe proposal to rehabilitate and resurface the Scenic Drive is needed because the roadway \nsurface has deteriorated with signs of shoving and rutting, as well as deteriorated pavement edges, potholes, and bleeding and cracking failures . Cracking of the pavement is common \nwithin the travel lanes and along the shoulders. The roadway is threatened in some locations by eroding ditches and drainage channels. Some culverts are plugged with debris. Numerous culvert headwalls have become weakened because of erosion and deterioration of the mortar. \nThis environmental assessment eval uates two alternatives: a no-action alternative and an action \nalternative. The no-action alternative describes the current road maintenance regimen of spot repairs and chip-sealing of the roadway as needed, with periodic repairs to individual drainage structures as the need arises. The park would respond to future needs and conditions without substantial actions or changes in the present maintenance regimen. \n Under the proposed alternative, Rehabilitate and Resurface the Scenic Drive, the roadway \nwould be rehabilitated and repaved with asphalt pavement or with chip-seal throughout its 8-mile length. From the intersection with State Route 24, milepost (MP) 0.00, to the park fee station at MP 1.70, the existing pavement on the Scenic Drive would be pulverized and the roadway would be paved with asphalt concrete. Between the fee station and the Capitol Gorge parking area the existing chip-seal pavement would be pulverized, and the roadway would be \npaved with a double chip-seal overlay. Painted centerline striping would be applied from the \npicnic area and campground in the Fruita Historic District to the intersection with SR-24. Centerline striping may also be applied at some of the sharpest curves, to enhance safety. Rumble strips would be installed at the beginning of the 15-mile-per-hour speed zone. Minor improvements would be made to the Fruita Campground entrance to provide additional width for \nturning movements into and out of the campground. Paved asphalt aprons would be developed \nand extended into the entrances of Grand Wash and the Pleasant Creek Road. \n Existing concrete low water crossings would be repaired or replaced in kind as needed. Cut \nand fill slope erosion and slumping along the roadway would be repaired as needed. The Capitol Gorge parking area would be paved with asphalt pavement. Some existing minor \nparking areas and pullouts would be reconstructed and formalized. Vegetated areas disturbed \nby construction activities would be revegetated with native plants and seeds. Existing roadway \nsigns would be replaced. \nDamaged and deteriorating culverts (historic and non-historic) would be repaired and/or \nreconstructed, and new culverts would be installed where needed. The NPS considers the Scenic Drive as potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. \nTherefore, all masonry stone rehabilitation would be completed in accordance with the \nSecretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Preservation of Historic Properties . Consultation \nwith the Utah State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) was conducted under a separate \nUnited States Department of the Interior • National Park Service • Capitol Reef National Park \nUnited States Department of the Interior • National Park Service • Capitol Reef National Park submittal in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation of 1966, as \namended. \nThis environmental assessment has been prepared in compliance with the National \nEnvironmental Policy Act (NEPA) to provide the decision-making framework that 1) analyzes a \nreasonable range of alternatives to meet objectives of the proposal, 2) evaluates potential \nissues and impacts to Capitol Reef National Park’s resources and values, and 3) identifies mitigation measures to lessen the degree or ext ent of these impacts. Resource topics analyzed \nin detail in this document include cultural landscapes; soundscape; soils and geology; health and safety; visitor use and experience; and park operations and management. All other \nresource topics were dismissed because the project would have negligible or minor impacts on \nthose resources. No major impacts are anticipated as a result of this project. \nPublic Comment \nIf you wish to comment on the environmental assessment, you may post comments online at \nhttp://parkplanning.nps.gov/\ncare or mail comments to: Superintendent; Capitol Reef National \nPark, HC70 Box 15, Torrey, Utah 84775. \nThis environmental assessment will be available for public review for 30 days. Before including \nyour address, phone number, e-mail address, or other personal identifying information in your \ncomment, you should be aware that your entire comment – including your personal identifying information – may be made publicly available at any time. Although you can ask us in your \ncomment to withhold your personal identifying information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so.\n \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park iTABLE OF CONTENTS \nPURPOSE AND NEED ................................................................................................... 1 \nIntroduction .............................................................................................................................. ............. 1 \nBackground .............................................................................................................................. ............. 1 \nPurpose and Need .............................................................................................................................. .. 1 \nRelationship to Other Plans and Policies .......................................................................................... 3 \nAppropriate Use .............................................................................................................................. ...... 3 \nScoping .............................................................................................................................. .................... 4 \nImpact Topics Retained for Further Analysis .................................................................................. 10 \nCultural Landscapes ...................................................................................................................... 10 \nSoundscape .............................................................................................................................. ..... 11 \nGeology and Soils .......................................................................................................................... 11 \nHealth and Safety ........................................................................................................................... 12 \nVisitor Use and Experience ............................................................................................................ 12 \nPark Operations and Management ................................................................................................ 12 \nImpact Topics Dismissed From Further Analysis ........................................................................... 12 \nVegetation and Invasive Exotic Plants ........................................................................................... 13 \nWildlife .............................................................................................................................. .............. 13 \nSpecial Status Species .................................................................................................................. 14 \nWater Resources ........................................................................................................................... 16 \nWetlands .............................................................................................................................. .......... 16 \nFloodplains .............................................................................................................................. ....... 18 \nHistoric structures .......................................................................................................................... 18 \nArcheological Resources ............................................................................................................... 18 \nEthnographic Resources ................................................................................................................ 19 \nMuseum Collections ....................................................................................................................... 19 \nAir Quality .............................................................................................................................. ......... 19 \nLightscape Management ................................................................................................................ 20 \nSocioeconomics ............................................................................................................................. 20 \nPrime and Unique Farmlands ........................................................................................................ 20 \nIndian Trust Resources .................................................................................................................. 21 \nEnvironmental Justice .................................................................................................................... 21 \nClimate Change and Sustainability ................................................................................................ 21 \nALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................................... 22 \nAlternatives Carried Forward ............................................................................................................ 22 \nAlternative A – No-Action ............................................................................................................... 22 \nAlternative B – Rehabilitate and Resurface the Scenic Drive (Preferred Alternative) ................... 22 \nStaging Areas .............................................................................................................................. ... 23 \nGeneral Construction Schedule and Costs .................................................................................... 24 \nMitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 24 \nAlternatives Considered and Dismissed .......................................................................................... 26 \nAlternative Summaries ....................................................................................................................... 26 \nIdentification of the Environmentally Preferred Alternative .......................................................... 29 \nAFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 31 \nLocation and General Description of the Park ................................................................................ 31 Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park iiCultural Landscapes .......................................................................................................................... 31 \nSoundscape .............................................................................................................................. .......... 32 \nGeology and Soils .............................................................................................................................. 32 \nHealth and Safety ............................................................................................................................... . 33 \nVisitor Use and Experience ............................................................................................................... 34 \nPark Operations and Management ................................................................................................... 34 \nENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ........................................................................ 36 \nMethodology .............................................................................................................................. ......... 36 \nCumulative Effects ............................................................................................................................. 36 \nUnacceptable Impacts ........................................................................................................................ 37 \nImpairment .............................................................................................................................. ............ 38 \nCultural Landscapes .......................................................................................................................... 39 \nIntensity Level Definitions .............................................................................................................. 39 \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) ............................................................................ 39 \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) ............................................................................ 40 \nSoundscape .............................................................................................................................. .......... 40 \nIntensity Level Definitions .............................................................................................................. 40 \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) ............................................................................ 41 \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) ............................................................................ 42 \nGeology and Soils .............................................................................................................................. 43 \nIntensity Level Definitions .............................................................................................................. 43 \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) ............................................................................ 43 \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) ............................................................................ 44 \nHealth and Safety ............................................................................................................................... . 45 \nIntensity Level Definitions .............................................................................................................. 45 \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) ............................................................................ 45 \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) ............................................................................ 46 \nVisitor Use and Experience ............................................................................................................... 46 \nIntensity Level Definitions .............................................................................................................. 46 \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) ............................................................................ 47 \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) ............................................................................ 48 \nPark Operations and Management ................................................................................................... 49 \nIntensity Level Definitions .............................................................................................................. 49 \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) ............................................................................ 49 \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) ............................................................................ 50 \nUnacceptable Impacts and Impairment ............................................................................................ 50 \nCONSULTATION AND COORDINATION .................................................................... 52 \nInternal Scoping ............................................................................................................................... ... 52 \nAgency Consultation .......................................................................................................................... 52 \nNative American Consultation .......................................................................................................... 52 \nEnvironmental Assessment Review and List of Recipients .......................................................... 52 \nList of Preparers .............................................................................................................................. ... 53 Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park iiiAPPENDIX A ................................................................................................................ 56 \nAPPENDIX B ................................................................................................................ 60 \n \nLIST OF TABLES \n \nTable 1 – Special Status Species .............................................................................................. ................. 14 \nTable 2 – Summary of Alternatives and How Ea ch Alternative Meets Project Objectives ......................... 27 \nTable 3 – Environmental Impact Summary by Alternat ive ......................................................................... . 28 \n \nLIST OF FIGURES \n \nFigure 2 - Area of pavement distress near Gifford Homestead ................................................................... . 5 \nFigure 3 - Pavement near Gi fford Homestead has failed fr om saturated subgrade ..................................... 5 \nFigure 4 – Runoff escapes ditch ab ove Gifford Home stead Barn ................................................................ 6 \nFigure 5- Subgrade settlement in the vi cinity of the Gifford Homestead Barn .............................................. 6 \nFigure 6 - Typical subgrade failure with in the chip-seal por tion of the road ................................................. 7 \nFigure 7 - Bulging retaining wall at culvert crossing ......................................................................... ............ 7 \nFigure 8 – Drainage ditch adj acent to t he road way ............................................................................. ......... 8 \nFigure 9 - Vertical ditch bank adjacent to the road way ........................................................................ ......... 8 \nFigure 10 - Low water crossing with scouring on downst ream side ............................................................. 9 \nFigure 11 - Low water crossing with ex posed cutoff wall on do wnstream side ............................................ 9 Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 1PURPOSE AND NEED \nIntroduction \nCapitol Reef National Park (park) is located in southern Utah in Wayne, Garfield, Sevier, and \nEmery Counties, Utah. The headquarters area and the project areas are located east of the town of Torrey, in Wayne County, Utah. Capitol Reef was first established as a national \nmonument on August 2, 1937 by Presidential Proclamation 2246 (50 Stat. 1856). The \nmonument originally comprised 37,060 acres. Additional lands were added to the monument by \nPresidential Proclamation 3249 of July 2, 1958 and Presidential Proclamation 3888 of January 20, 1969. On December 18, 1971, Congress abolished Capitol Reef National Monument and established Capitol Reef National Park, with its final boundaries encompassing 241,903 acres \n(85 Stat. 639, 16 U.S.C. §273 et seq.). The park is managed by the National Park Service. \nThis environmental assessment ( EA) will examine the environmental impacts associated with \nthe proposal to repair and resurface the entire 8-mile length of the asphalt-paved and chip-\nsealed Scenic Drive roadway between SR-24 and the parking lot for Capitol Gorge. This EA \nwas prepared in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, \nregulations of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) (40 CFR §1508.9), and the National \nPark Service Director’s Order (DO)-12 (Conservation Planning, Environmental Impact Analysis, \nand Decision-Making ). Figure 1 depicts the location of the Scenic Drive. \nBackground \nThe Scenic Drive is a hard-surfaced road that extends between Utah State Road 24 (Utah SR-\n24) and Capitol Gorge. The narrow and twisting road, a popular driving route used by park \nvisitors, has numerous concrete-paved low water crossings that are sometimes impassable during seasonal flash flooding. It connects with spur roads accessing popular hiking and scenic locales, and it is the primary scenic tour road within the park. Much of the Scenic Drive was chip-sealed in 1988. The improvements made the road more attractive to visitors in passenger \nvehicles and motor homes, and traffic and use of trails in the area increased. The use of large \nrecreational vehicles on the narrow, winding, and shoulderless road has created safety concerns. Cyclists and pedestrians, in combination with the large vehicles and other traffic, add to those concerns. \nPurpose and Need \nThe purpose of the proposal to repair and resurface the Scenic Drive between SR-24 and the parking lot for Capitol Gorge is to maintain a safe and reliable roadway, while providing the National Park Service (NPS) the opportunity to meet and uphold its mandate to administer and protect the park for the enjoyment of natural, cultural, and scientific resources in a manner that leaves these resources unimpaired. \nThe Scenic Drive is in need of repair. The roadway surface has deteriorated, with signs of \nshoving and rutting, as well as deteriorated pavement edges, potholes, and bleeding and \ncracking failures. Such damage occurs within the travel lanes in locations where the subgrade becomes saturated because of poor drainage, and along the edges of the pavement where there is little shoulder support. The roadway is threatened in some locations by eroding ditches and drainage channels. Plugged or undersized culverts in some locations force seasonal runoff \nto flow across the road, eroding the pavement and the roadway bench. Numerous stone \nheadwalls have become weakened and are threatened with failure, because of erosion and deterioration of the mortar. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 2\nFigure 1 -- Project Location. \nDSC/Sept. 09/158/100328 Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 3Poorly defined drainage ditches also cause roadway overtopping and roadway shoulder erosion \nin some locations. Some concrete paved low water crossings have erosion damage. Figures 2 through 11 illustrate some of the repair needs. The objectives of the proposed project are to: \nImprove the Efficiency of Park Operations \n• Repair damaged and deteriorating road pavement, drainage, stone masonry \nretaining walls, headwalls, and other structural features \n• Reduce maintenance requirements and costs due to deficiencies in the condition of \nthe road \nProvide for Visitor Enjoyment and Safety \n• Improve the roadway condition to more safely accommodate traffic \n• Reduce the incidence and risk of traffic accidents \n• Efficiently implement rehabilitation work while minimizing visitor impact \nProtect Park Resources \n• Maintain the scenic quality of the road \n• Protect park natural and cultural resources and values \nRelationship to Othe r Plans and Policies \nThis proposal is consistent with the objectives of the Capitol Reef National Park Final \nEnvironmental Impact Statement, General Management Plan, and Development Concept Plan \n(1998), which outlines the management, use, and development of the Park through the year \n2013. The proposal is consistent with the 2006 National Park Service Management Policies goals \nand objectives for natural resource and cultural resource management, use of the park, \ntransportation systems, park fa cilities, and visitor facilities. \nIt is consistent with the objectives of the 1984 NPS Park Roads Standards, which states that \nroads in national parks serve a distinctly different purpose from most other road and highway \nsystems. Park roads are to be designed with extreme care and sensitivity to provide access for the protection, use, and enjoyment of the resources that constitute the national park system. \nIt is consistent with Director’s Order – 87A, which states that park roads are constructed only \nwhere necessary to provide access for the protection, use, and enjoyment of the natural, historical, cultural, and recreational resources that constitute our national park system. Park roads should enhance the visitor experience while providing safe and efficient accommodation \nof park visitors and to serve essential management action needs. Park roads are designed with \nextreme care and sensitivity with respect to the terrain and environment through which they \npass—they are laid lightly onto the land. \nAppropriate Use \nSection 1.5 of 2006 National Park Service Management Policies , “Appropriate Use of the Parks,” \ndirects that the National Park Service must ensure that park uses that are allowed would not \ncause impairment of, or unacceptable impacts on , park resources and values. A form of park \nuse may be allowed within a park only after a determination has been made in the professional \njudgment of the park manager that it will not result in unacceptable impacts. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 4Section 8.1.2 of 2006 National Park Service Management Policies , Process for Determining \nAppropriate Uses, provides evaluation factors for determining appropriate uses. All proposals \nfor park uses are evaluated for: \n• consistency with applicable laws, executive orders, regulations, and policies; \n• consistency with existing plans for public use and resource management; \n• actual and potential effects on park resources and values; \n• total costs to the Service; and \n• whether the public interest will be served. \nPark managers must continually monitor all park uses to prevent unanticipated and \nunacceptable impacts. If unanticipated and unacceptable impacts emerge, the park manager \nmust engage in a thoughtful, deliberate process to further manage or constrain the use, or discontinue it. \nFrom Section 8.2 of 2006 National Park Service Management Policies : “To provide for enjoyment \nof the parks, the National Park Service will encourage visitor use activities that \n• are appropriate to the purpose for which the park was established, and \n• are inspirational, educational, or healthful, and otherwise appropriate to the park \nenvironment; and \n• will foster an understanding of and appreciation for park resources and values, or will \npromote enjoyment through a direct association with, interaction with, or relation to park \nresources; and \n• can be sustained without causing unacceptable impacts to park resources and values. \nThe Scenic Drive, in its present configuration, has been in continuous use since it was \nconstructed. The proposed rehabilitation of the Scenic Drive is consistent with the park’s \ngeneral management plan and other related park plans. The NPS finds that maintaining automobile access along the Scenic Drive and to trailheads and other points of interest along the road is an acceptable use at Capitol Reef National Park. \nScoping \nCapitol Reef National Park conducted internal scoping with appropriate National Park Service staff, as described in more detail in the Consultation and Coordination chapter. The park also \nconducted external scoping with the State of Utah Historic Preservation Office and interested/affected groups. More information regarding external scoping can be found in Comments and Coordination . Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 5Figure 2 - Area of pavement di stress near Gifford Homestead \n \n \n \n \nFigure 3 - Pavement near Gifford Homest ead has failed from saturated subgrade \n \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 6Figure 4 – Runoff escapes ditch above Gifford Homestead Barn \n \n \n Figure 5- Subgrade settlement in the vicinity of the Gifford Homestead Barn \n \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 7Figure 6 - Typical subgrade failure withi n the chip-seal portion of the road \n \n \n \nFigure 7 - Bulging retaining wall at culvert crossing \n \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 8Figure 8 – Drainage ditch adjacent to the roadway \n \n \nFigure 9 - Vertical ditch bank adjacent to the roadway \n \n \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 9Figure 10 - Low water crossing with scouring on downstream side \n \n \n \nFigure 11 - Low water crossing with ex posed cutoff wall on downstream side \n \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 10Impact Topics Retained fo r Further Analysis \nIn this section and the following section on Im pact Topics Dismissed from Further Analysis, the \nNPS analyzes all potential impacts by considering the direct, indirect, and cumulative effects of \nthe proposed action on the environment, along with connected and cumulative actions. Impacts \nare described in terms of context and duration. T he context or extent of the impact is described \nas localized or widespread. The duration of impacts is described as short-term or long-term. The \nintensity and type of impact is described as negligible, minor, moderate, or major, and as beneficial or adverse. The NPS equates “major” effects as “significant” effects. The identification of “major” effects would trigger the need for an EIS. Where the intensity of an impact could be \ndescribed quantitatively, the numerical data are presented; however, most impact analyses are \nqualitative and use best professional judgment in making the assessment. \nIf there is no effect or no measurable effect, there would either be no contribution to cumulative \neffects, or the contribution would be low. For each issue or topic presented below, if the resource is found in the analysis area or the issue is applicable to the proposal, then a limited analysis of direct and indirect, and cumulative effects is presented. There is no impairment \nanalysis included in the limited evaluations for the dismissed topics because the NPS’s \nthreshold for considering whether there could be an impairment is based on “major” effects. \nImpact topics for this project have been identified on the basis of federal laws, regulations, and \norders; 2006 National Park Service Management Policies ; and National Park Service knowledge \nof resources at Capitol Reef National Park. Impact topics that are carried forward for further \nanalysis in this EA are listed below along with the reasons why the impact topic is further \nanalyzed. \nCultural Landscapes \nAccording to the Director’s Order # 28, “Cultural Resource Management Guideline,” a cultural landscape is “. . . a reflection of human adaptation and use of natural resources and is often expressed in the way land is organized and divided, patterns of settlement, land use, systems of \ncirculation, and the types of structures that are built. The character of a cultural landscape is defined by both physical materials, such as roads, buildings, walls, and vegetation, and by use reflecting cultural values.” \nThe NPS has identified the Scenic Drive/Capitol Gorge landscape as potentially eligible for \nlisting in the National Register of Historic Places. Constructed in 1883, the road now known as the Scenic Drive was little more than a wagon trail that connected the farming community of \nFruita to Torrey, Notom and other communities nearby. Prior to the rerouting and paving of a \nsection of Utah Highway 24 through Fremont Canyon in 1962, the old route south of Fruita through Capitol Gorge (now part of the Scenic Drive) was the main road through the Waterpocket Fold, a route formerly used by Nati ve Americans for centuries. Fruita, a Mormon \nfarming community, was founded in 1880. The northern 1.7-mile section of the Scenic Drive that \npasses through the community is considered a contributing feature of the Fruita Rural Historic \nDistrict, which was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. \nProperties more than fifty years old may be eligible for the National Register if they meet the \ncriteria for listing and for contributions at the national, state, or local level. In order for a property to be listed in the National Register, it also must possess historic integrity of those features necessary to convey its significance, i.e., location, design, setting, workmanship, materials, \nfeeling, and association. The Fruita landscape was determined eligible because its original land \nuse patterns, particularly its historic fruit orchards, remain relatively intact. The Fruita Historic Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 11District landscape also contains 14 historic buildings, including a schoolhouse, two homes, \noutbuildings and cellars, and a distilling site. \nIn the early 1940s, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) completed improvements to the \nScenic Drive, including construction of culverts and other drainage features. However, historic records do not indicate how many of these features pre-dated the CCC era. It is unclear which \ndrainage features date to the CCC era, and which were constructed earlier and simply repaired \nor rebuilt between 1938 and 1942. The Scenic Drive currently has 64 culverts and 22 low water \ncrossings. An inventory of culverts completed by park staff in 2009 identified six that are known or are likely to have been constructed by the CCC, in addition to another 31 possible CCC-era \ndrainage features. Alterations were subsequently made to the road during the later Mission 66 \nperiod of NPS development (1945-1967), but the overall historic alignment and drainage \nstructures of the road remain relatively intact. The proposed Scenic Drive rehabilitation project described in this EA would have the potential to impact the historic features of the Scenic Drive and Fruita landscapes. For these reasons, the topic of cultural landscapes has been carried forward for further analysis in this document. \nSoundscape \nSoundscape refers to the total ambient ac oustic environment associated with a given \nenvironment (sonic environment) in an area such as a national park. It is also refers to the total ambient sound level for the park. In a national park setting, this soundscape is usually composed of both natural ambient sounds and a variety of human-made sounds. \nIn accordance with 2006 National Park Service Management Policies and Director’s Order 47 – \nSound Preservation and Noise Management, an important component of the National Park \nService’s mission is the preservation of natural soundscapes associated with national park \nunits. Natural soundscapes exist in the absenc e of human-caused sound. The natural ambient \nsoundscape is the aggregate of all the natural sounds that occur in a park unit, together with the physical capacity for transmitting natural sounds. \nWith either alternative discussed in this EA, human-caused noise, caused by visitors and their \nvehicles as well as by park maintenance acti vities, would intrude upon the natural soundscape. \nThe preferred alternative would result in more construction noise than the no action alternative. \nThe majority of construction noise would occur from April to October. Effects to the natural soundscape during daylight hours would be clearly detectable, localized, and periodic. Therefore, soundscape was addressed as an impact topic in this EA. \nGeology and Soils \nAccording to the 2006 National Park Service Management Policies , the National Park Service will \npreserve and protect geologic resources and features from adverse effects of human activity, while allowing natural processes to continue (NPS 2006). These policies also state that the National Park Service will strive to understand and preserve the soil resources of park units and to prevent, to the extent possible, the unnatural erosion, physical removal, or contamination of the soil, or its contamination of other resources. \nThe proposed repairs and rehabilitation of the Scenic Drive would be mostly confined to the \nexisting road bench, but some excavation would be needed to widen the roadway in a few locations to achieve a consistent width, and to widen some sharp “S-shaped” curves to improve \nsafety. The proposed project would also require excavation in selected areas under the road surface to reconstruct the subgrade, displacing and disturbing soils. Soils would also be \ndisturbed and compacted in one of the staging areas. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 12Because the proposed actions would impact geology and soils this topic has been carried \nforward for further analysis. \nHealth and Safety \nThe NPS is committed to providing appropriate, high-quality opportunities for visitors and employees to enjoy the parks in a safe and heal thful environment. The goals of the park include \nensuring that basic visitor needs are met in keeping with the park purposes, and that visitor and \nemployee safety and health are protected. To th e extent feasible, facilities, programs, and \nservices in the park are accessible to and usable by all people, including those with disabilities \n(NPS 2004b). \nOne of the primary purposes of this proposed project is to improve safety. The NPS also wants \nto keep the roadway and associated park resources open during construction and, as a result, \nprotective measures need to be studied and implemented to ensure safety to motorists and \nvisitors. Because the proposed project would affect health and safety of park staff and visitors, this topic has been carried forward for further analysis. \nVisitor Use and Experience \nAccording to 2006 National Park Service Management Policies , the enjoyment of park resources \nand values by people is part of the fundamental purpose of all park units (NPS 2006). The \nNational Park Service is committed to providing appropriate, high quality opportunities for \nvisitors to enjoy the parks, and will maintain within the parks an atmosphere that is open, inviting, and accessible to every segment of society. Further, the National Park Service will provide opportunities for forms of enjoyment that are uniquely suited and appropriate to the superlative natural and cultural resources found in the parks. The 2006 National Park Service \nManagement Policies also state that scenic views and visual resources are considered highly \nvalued associated characteristics that the National Park Service should strive to protect (NPS 2006). \nTaking a self-guided tour of the Scenic Drive is one of the principal activities available to park \nvisitors. The average number of visitors who travel the Scenic Drive annually is around 70,000. The average visitor length of stay for people who travel to the visitor center and the Scenic Drive \nis 3 hours. Those who opt for the self-guided tour along the Scenic Drive are able to travel \nthrough the historic settlement of Fruita and stop at eleven locations along the western face of the Waterpocket Fold that offer spectacular scenic views of notable geologic formations. The Scenic Drive also offers access to exploration of Grand Wash and Capitol Gorge. Because the proposed project would affect visitor use and experience of these park resources, this topic has been carried forward for further analysis. \nPark Operations and Management \nPark operations and management would be affected by implementation of either the no-action \nalternative or the action alternative (alternativ e B). Either alternative would require repair and \nmaintenance activities on the Scenic Drive. C onstruction activities on the Scenic Drive would \nrequire temporary changes in park operations to address traffic control and keep the public informed about road conditions. Therefore, the topic of park operations has been carried \nforward for further analysis in this document. \nImpact Topics Dismissed Fr om Further Analysis \nIn this section of the EA, NPS provides a limited evaluation and explanation as to why some \nimpact topics are not evaluated in more detail. Impact topics are dismissed from further \nevaluation in this EA if: Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 13• they do not exist in the analysis area, or \n• they would not be affected by the proposal, or the likelihood of impacts are not reasonably \nexpected, or \n• through the application of mitigation measures, the effects from the proposal would be minor \nor less, and there is little controversy on the subject or reasons to otherwise include the \ntopic. \nVegetation and Invasive Exotic Plants \nAccording to the 2006 National Park Service Management Policies , the National Park Service \nstrives to maintain all components and processes of naturally evolving park unit ecosystems, \nincluding the natural abundance, diversity, and ecological integrity of plants (NPS 2006). \nConstruction activities on the roadway shoulders and immediately adjacent areas would \ndisplace native vegetation and would provide conditions favorable for the establishment of \ninvasive exotic plants, but the impacts would be mitigated by control measures, such as a revegetation plan, restricting construction activities to specified areas, and other mitigation measures identified in this EA. The impacts would be negligible to minor, because the areas where conditions would be favorable for invasion by exotic plants would be relatively small, \nincluding the road shoulders and areas immediately adjacent to the roadway. The impacts \nwould be short-term because those areas would be revegetated with native species and the \nspread of invasive exotic plants would be controlled. \n Such negligible or minor impacts would not result in any unacceptable impacts; the proposed \nactions are consistent with §1.4.7.1 of 2006 National Park Service Management Policies . \nBecause these effects are minor or less in degree and would not result in any unacceptable \nimpacts, this topic is dismissed from further analysis in this document. \nWildlife \nThe NPS Organic Act, which directs parks to conserve wildlife unimpaired for future \ngenerations, is interpreted by the NPS to mean that native animal life should be protected and perpetuated as part of the park’s natural ecosystem. Natural processes are relied on to control populations of native species to the greatest extent possible; otherwise they are protected from \nharm by human activities. Management goals fo r wildlife include maintaining components and \nprocesses of naturally evolving park ecosystems, including natural abundance, diversity, and \nthe ecological integrity of plants and animals. \nWildlife commonly found in the proposed project area include mule deer, coyotes, bighorn \nsheep, marmots, fox, woodrats, ringtails, chipmunks, ground squirrels, jackrabbits, bats, kangaroo rats, mice, and many species of birds. There are also numerous insect species, \namphibians, and reptiles. \nNeither of the alternatives would impact the overall abundance, diversity, or ecological integrity \nof animals, nor inhibit the processes of park ecosystems. Wildlife habitat would be adversely affected adjacent to the road along its length, e.g. through the removal of vegetation and soils. Those impacts would be measurable, but they woul d not affect native species’ populations or \nthe natural processes sustaining them, beyond their natural range of variability. Mitigation measures, such as replanting disturbed areas with native vegetation, would be in accordance with conventional best management practices, and would have a high likelihood of success. The long-term adverse impact to wildlife would be minor. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 14During construction, noise would also increase, which may disturb wildlife in the general area. \nConstruction-related noise would be temporary, and existing sound conditions would resume following construction activities. Therefore, the temporary noise from construction would have a negligible to minor adverse effect on wildlife. \nSuch negligible to minor impacts would not result in any unacceptable impacts; the proposed \nactions are consistent with §1.4.7.1 of 2006 National Park Service Management Policies . \nBecause these effects are minor or less in degree and would not result in any unacceptable \nimpacts, this topic is dismissed from further analysis in this document. \nSpecial Status Species \nFor federally sponsored projects, the Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973 (as amended) requires examination of potential impacts to Threatened, Endangered, and Candidate Species. \nSection 7 of the Act requires federal agencies to ensure that any activities they authorize, fund, \nor implement, do not jeopardize the continued exis tence of any wildlife species federally listed \nas threatened or endangered and do not destroy or adversely modify designated critical habitat. \nNPS policy requires examination of potential impacts on federal candidate species, as well as state-listed threatened, endangered, candidate, rare, declining, and sensitive species with \npotential to occur within the project area. For simplicity, the federal and state-listed species \nidentified in this EA are collectively described as Special Status Species. \nA population of a National Park Service sensitive plant, the rush lomatium, has been identified in \nthe vicinity of the Scenic Drive. Park staff have determined that those plants will not be affected \nby the proposed repair and rehabilitation of the Scenic Drive. \nPark staff reviewed the Utah Conservation Data Center website and generated a list of Species \nof Special Concern for the project area. The database identified five state-listed animal species \nthat could potentially occur within the project area (Utah Conservation Data Center 10/30/2009); Table 1. \nThe NPS has no record of federally listed species occurring within the project area, and recent \nfield examinations by park staff confirm that. The southwestern willow flycatcher has the \npotential to occur within the project area, but there is no suitable nesting habitat for the species \nin or near the project area. \n \nTable 1 – Special Status Species \n \nCommon Name Scientific Name Federal Status State Status \nBarneby reed-mustard Schoencrambe \nbarnebyi Endangered NA \nDespain’s cactus Pediocactus despainii Endangered NA \nJones cycladenia Cycladenia humilis \nvar. jonesii Threatened NA \nLast chance townsendia Townsendia aprica Threatened NA \nMaguire's daisy Erigeron maguirei Threatened NA Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 15Table 1 – Special Status Species \n \nCommon Name Scientific Name Federal Status State Status \nWestern nodding ladies'-tresses Spiranthes diluvialis Threatened NA \nWinkler cactus Pediocactus winkleri Threatened NA \nWright fishhook cactus Sclerocactus wrightiae Endangered NA \nRush lomatium Lomatium junceum National Park Service Sensitive Species due to \nlimited distribution NA \nMexican Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis lucida Threatened NA \nYellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Candidate NA \nSouthwestern Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii \nextimus Endangered NA \nAllen’s Big-eared Bat Idionycteris phyllotis NA State Sensitive Species \ndue to limited distribution \nSpotted bat Euderma maculatum NA State Sensitive Species \ndue to limited distribution \nFringed myotis Myotis thysanodes NA State Sensitive Species due to limited distribution \nBig free-tailed bat Nyctinomops macrotis \n NA State Sensitive Species \ndue to declining \npopulations and limited \ndistribution \nTownsend’s Big-eared Bat Corynorhinus \ntownsendii NA State Sensitive Species \ndue to declining \npopulations and limited \ndistribution \nNA – Not applicable; indicates that a species was not included on a federal/state list during consultation during this project. \n \nA portion of the proposed project area lies within designated critical habitat for the Mexican \nspotted owl, and is near a protected activity center (PAC). The PAC has historically been occupied by young and adult owls. However, a nest site has never been found. The most recent detection of a Mexican spotted owl in the area was in1996, when a single male was observed. Subsequent surveys were conducted in 1997, 2001, 2008, and 2009; no owls have been \ndetected. Based upon those survey data, construction activities associated with the proposed \nproject would not be expected to affect nesting or roosting Mexican spotted owls. Construction activities are not expected to adversely affect any of the primary constituent elements of the \ncritical habitat or to adversely modify critical habitat. In a letter dated December 3, 2009 the NPS provided a list of federally listed and candidate species that could potentially occur in the project area to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and sought concurrence that the \nproposed action would not adversely affect li sted or candidate species or proposed or \ndesignated critical habitat. The USFWS concurred on December 15, 2009 that the proposed Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 16action was \"not likely to adversely affect\" any listed species, including Mexican spotted owls. \nThe NPS consultation and the USFWS concurrence are presented in Appendix A of this EA. No adverse impacts to Threatened and Endanger ed Species would be anticipated with \nimplementation of the proposed action, and the proposed action would not result in any unacceptable impacts. The proposed actions are consistent with §1.4.7.1 of 2006 National Park \nService Management Policies . Because there would be no adverse impacts or any unacceptable \nimpacts, this topic is dismissed from further analysis. \nWater Resources \nNational Park Service policies require protection of water quality consistent with the Clean Water Act. The purpose of the Clean Water Act is to \"restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters.\" To enact this goal, the U.S. Army \nCorps of Engineers has been charged with evaluating federal actions that result in potential \ndegradation of waters of the United States and issuing permits for actions consistent with the Clean Water Act. The U.S. Environmental Prot ection Agency also has responsibility for \noversight and review of permits and actions, which affect waters of the United States. \nThe Scenic Drive crosses the Fremont River at one location in the Fruita Historic District, but the \nrest of the proposed project area does not contain surface waters. It is mostly dry, except for \nperiodic flooding during sudden storm events. \nA National Pollution Discharge Elimination Sy stem (NPDES) permit would be prepared by \nCFLHD and submitted to the Utah Division of Water Quality prior to commencing any near-\nwater activities. As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the NPDES permit program controls \nwater pollution by regulating conveyances such as pipes or man-made ditches that discharge \npollutants into waters of the United States. \nA hazardous spill plan would be required from the contractor prior to the start of construction\n \nstating what actions would be taken in the case of a spill and preventive measures to be \nimplemented. Hazardous spill clean-up materials would be on-site at all times. \nBecause of the mitigation benefits of the NPDES permit and a hazardous spill plan, and \nbecause most of the Scenic Drive is well removed from surface waters, the impacts to water \nquality and drinking water would be negligible. Water quantity would not be affected. Because the effects on water resources would be no greater than negligible and would not result in any unacceptable impacts, the topic is dismissed from further analysis in this document. \nWetlands \nFor the purpose of implementing Executive Order 11990 Protection of Wetlands , any area that \nis classified as a wetland according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's \" Classification of \nWetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States\" (Cowardin et al. 1979 ) is subject to \nDirector’s Order #77-1: Wetland Protection (D.O. 77-1) and its implementation procedures as \npresented in Procedural Manual #77-1: Wetland Protection (2008). The Cowardin classification \nsystem forms the basis for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) mapping program. Under the Cowardin definition, a wetland must have one or more of \nthe following three attributes: \n1. at least periodically, the land supports predominantly hydrophytes (wetland vegetation); 2. the substrate is predominantly undrained hydric soil; or 3. the substrate is non-soil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time \nduring the growing season of each year. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 17Most of the dry washes within the project area meet the third attribute listed above, and \ntherefore are considered wetlands. \nChannels or similar features that are used for the sole purpose of active stormwater or \nwastewater are not considered wetlands for purposes of Procedural Manual #77-1. Therefore, drainage ditches alongside the Scenic Drive road bed are not considered wetlands. \nExecutive Order 11990 requires federal agencies to avoid, where possible, adversely impacting \nwetlands. Further, §404 of the Clean Water Act authorizes the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to \nprohibit or regulate, through a permitting process, discharge of dredged or fill material or excavation within waters of the United States. National Park Service policies for wetlands, as stated in 2006 National Park Service Management Policies and D.O. 77-1 strive to prevent the \nloss or degradation of wetlands and to preserve and enhance the natural and beneficial values of wetlands. In accordance with D.O. 77-1, proposed actions that have the potential to adversely impact wetlands must be addressed in a statement of findings for wetlands. \nSome actions may be excepted from the statement of findings and compensation requirements \n(D.O. 77-1, 4.2.1). They include maintenance, repair, or renovation (but not full reconstruction or expansion) of currently serviceable facilities or structures: \n- that were under construction or were completed prior to May 28, 1980, but whose retention \nhas been reviewed and justified, or \n- that were completed after publication of the May 28, 1980 guidelines, and for which \ncompliance with them is on record. \nThis exception allows for minor deviations (total of 0.1 acre or less throughout the entire project) \nin the structure's configuration or fill footprint in wetlands due to subsequent changes in \nconstruction codes, methods, or safety standards (e.g., handicap accessibility), but does not apply to other types of reconstruction/expansion (e.g., road widening to increase capacity, road re-routing) or conversion to other uses that would have additional adverse impacts on wetlands. \nIn order to eliminate future erosion, which could create scour holes, it is anticipated that outlet \nprotection would be constructed below drain outfalls in some naturally-occurring dry washes. \nSome of the washes meet the Cowardin definition of riverine intermittent wetlands. Such dry washes are common throughout the park and the geographic area. The outlet protection features would vary in size, depending on conditions in the washes. The outlet protection features might incorporate stone riprap or concrete in colors matching the surrounding soil. \nThe FHWA estimated in the October 5, 2009 Preliminary Design Study Report – Draft , Appendix \nC, that less than 0.1 acre would be impacted by construction of outlet protection in the washes. \nBecause the repair and rehabilitation of the Sceni c drive would adversely impact less than 0.1 \nacre of wetlands, and because the impacts of the proposed work meet the conditions in \nAppendix 2 of D.O. 77-1, that rehabilitation work would be an excepted action. Therefore, it will not be necessary to prepare a wetland statement of findings as part of this environmental \nassessment, and compensation for the wetland impacts will not be required. \nThe adverse effects on wetlands would be minor or less. They would be detectable, but \nrelatively small in terms of area and the nature of the change. The action would affect a limited number of individuals of plant or wildlife species within the wetland, but all species would remain viable. Because the effects would be no greater than minor and would not result in any unacceptable impacts, this topic has been dismiss ed from further analysis in this document. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 18Floodplains \nExecutive Order 11988 Floodplain Management requires all federal agencies to avoid \nconstruction within the 100-year floodplain unl ess no other practicable alternative exists. The \nNational Park Service under 2006 National Park Service Management Policies and Director’s \nOrder 77-2 Floodplain Management will strive to preserve floodplain values and minimize \nhazardous floodplain conditions. According to Director’s Order 77-2 Floodplain Management , \ncertain construction within a 100-year floodplain requires preparation of a statement of findings \nfor floodplains. \nA floodplain statement of findings was completed for the park GMP EIS in 1998 (NPS 1998, \nAppendix F), based on mapping of the Fruita area in 1995. The northern portion of the Scenic Drive from the picnic area to the Gifford barn is within the 100-year floodplain. Areas to the \nsouth have not been mapped. However, the Scenic Drive is considered an excepted action \nunder the NPS final procedures for implementing Executive Order 11988, because the section of the Scenic Drive that passes through the Fruita area is considered a contributing feature of \nthe Fruita Rural Historic District, which was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The NPS also considers the Scenic Drive/Capitol Gorge as a separate component \nlandscape within the park that is potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic \nPlaces. The Floodplain Management manual does not apply to historic structures whose \nlocation is integral to their significance. \nPavement pulverization and road repaving within the existing roadway footprint, and repairs to \nculverts and low water crossings would be the only work on the floodplain. There would be no change in the ability of a floodplain to convey floodwaters, or its values and functions. The \nproposed project would not contribute to flooding. The proposed project would not result in \nsignificant or unacceptable impacts to floodplain values, and the proposed actions are consistent with §1.4.7.1 of 2006 National Park Service Management Policies . Therefore, this \ntopic is dismissed from further analysis in this document. \nHistoric structures \nThere are 14 historic structures within the park. Only one of these, the Gifford barn, is situated \nin close proximity to the Scenic Drive within the Fruita Rural Historic District. The structure is \nseparated from the road by a non-historic post-and-rail fence (see Figure 5). The barn is associated with the Gifford farm complex, which was constructed circa 1900. It is a rectangular, post-and-beam building with vertical plank siding. \nThe proposed road work may include resetting two fence posts in proximity to the Gifford Barn \nto allow for a clear zone at the road shoulder. However, there would be negligible impacts to the \nsetting of this historic structure. Because these effects are less than minor in degree and would \nnot result in unacceptable impacts, this topic is dismissed from further analysis in this document. \nArcheological Resources \nIn August 2009, a Phase I archeological survey of the Scenic Drive was completed (Bonnifield 2009). A total of eight sites were recorded in proximity to the Scenic Drive; two are considered eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. However, the proposed road \nconstruction activities are not expected to impact archeological resources because construction \nactivities would be confined to the road bench and designated staging areas. In addition, all construction activities conducted in proximity to the two National Register-eligible sites would be monitored by a professional archeologist. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 19The survey report was included in a submittal package to the Utah SHPO on January 19, 2010, \nas required under the consultation provisions of Section 106 of the NHPA of 1966, as amended. The SHPO consultation letter, with SHPO concurrence, is included in Appendix B of this EA. \nBecause these effects are less than minor in degree and would not result in unacceptable \nimpacts, this topic is dismissed fr om further analysis in this document. In the unlikely event that \nhuman remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, or objects of cultural patrimony are discovered during construction, provisions outlin ed in the Native American Graves Protection \nand Repatriation Act (25 USC 3002) of 1990 would be followed. \nEthnographic Resources \nNational Park Service’s Director’s Order-28 Cultural Resource Management defines \nethnographic resources as any site, structure, object, landscape, or natural resource feature \nassigned traditional legendary, religious, subsistence, or other significance in the cultural \nsystem of a group traditionally associated with it. According to DO-28 and Executive Order \n13007 on sacred sites, the National Park Service should try to preserve and protect ethnographic resources. \nEthnographic resources are not known to exist in the proposed project area. Native American \ntribes traditionally associated with the park will receive copies of this document for their review \nand comment. If subsequent issues or concerns are identified, appropriate consultations will be undertaken. Because these effects are less than minor in degree and would not result in any unacceptable impacts, this topic is dismiss ed from further analysis in this document. \nMuseum Collections \nMuseum collections include historic artifacts, natural specimens, and archival and manuscript \nmaterial. They may be threatened by fire, vandalism, natural disasters, and careless acts. The \nNational Park Service requires the consideration of impacts on museum collections (historic \nartifacts, natural specimens, and archival and manuscript material), and provides further policy guidance, standards, and requirements for preserving, protecting, documenting, and providing access to, and use of, National Park Service museum collections. The proposed activities would not require additional curatorial services or increase the number of museum objects at the park; \ntherefore, museum objects were dismissed from further analysis in this document. \nAir Quality \nThe Clean Air Act of 1963 (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) was established to promote the public health \nand welfare by protecting and enhancing the nation’s air quality. The act establishes specific \nprograms that provide special protection for air resources and air quality related values associated with National Park Service units. Section 118 of the Clean Air Act requires a park \nunit to meet all federal, state, and local air pollution standards. Capitol Reef National Park is \ndesignated as a Class I air quality area under the Clean Air Act. A Class I area is subject to the most stringent regulations of any designation, and must not exceed the maximum allowable increment over baseline concentrations of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter as specified in Section 163 of the 1963 Clean Air Act. Further, the Act provides that the federal land manager has an affirmative responsibility to protect air quality related values (including visibility, plants, \nanimals, soils, water quality, cultural resources, and visitor health) from adverse pollution \nimpacts (EPA 2000). The air quality at Capitol R eef is generally very good; occasionally, \nparticulate levels in the area are high due to high winds, as is typical in a desert environment. \nConstruction activities such as hauling materi als and operating heavy equipment could result in \ntemporary increases of vehicle exhaust, emissions, and fugitive dust in the general project area. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 20During construction the contractor would be required to implement dust control mitigation \nprocedures to reduce the particulate matter. Additional mitigation measures that would be implemented include: allowing construction vehicles to idle up to but not exceeding 5 minutes when\n parked. Any exhaust, emissions, and fugitive dust generated from construction activities \nwould be temporary and localized and would likely dissipate rapidly because air stagnation at \nCapitol Reef National Park is rare. Overall, the project could result in a negligible degradation of \nlocal air quality, and such effects would be temporary, lasting only as long as construction. The Class I air quality designation for Capitol Reef National Park would not be affected by the proposal. Because the Class I air quality would not be affected and the proposed actions are consistent with §1.4.7.1 of 2006 National Park Service Management Policies , and because there \nwould negligible effects on air quality, this topic is dismissed from further analysis in this document. \nLightscape Management \nIn accordance with 2006 National Park Service Management Policies , the National Park Service \nstrives to preserve natural ambient lightscapes, which are natural resources and values that exist in the absence of human caused light (NPS 2006). Capitol Reef National Park strives to \nlimit the use of artificial outdoor lighting to that which is necessary for basic safety requirements. \nThe park also strives to ensure that all outdoor lighting is shielded to the maximum extent possible, to keep light on the intended subject and out of the night sky. \nThe current impact of light pollution along the Scenic Drive is localized and negligible, lasting as \nlong as it takes for a vehicle to pass. No additional artificial lighting or any actions that would \nincrease nighttime visitors are proposed under the preferred alternative. Further, such impacts \nare negligible in degree. Because the effects are negligible and would not result in any \nunacceptable impacts, this topic is dismiss ed from further analysis in this document. \nSocioeconomics \nThe proposed action would neither change local and regional land use nor appreciably impact local businesses or other agencies. Implementation of the proposed action could provide a negligible beneficial impact to the economy of the gateway community of Torrey and Wayne \nCounty due to minimal increases in employment opportunities for the construction workforce and revenues for local businesses and governments generated from these additional construction activities and workers. Any increase in workforce and revenue, however, would be temporary and negligible, lasting only as long as construction. Because the impacts to the socioeconomic environment would be negligible, this topic is dismissed. \nPrime and Unique Farmlands \nIn August 1980, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) directed that federal agencies must assess the effects of their actions on farmland soils classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) as prime or unique. Prime or \nunique farmland is defined as soil that particularly produces general crops such as common foods, forage, fiber, and oil seed; unique farmland produces specialty crops such as fruits, vegetables, and nuts. There are 68 acres of prime and unique agricultural lands in the Fruita \nValley in the park. These lands are composed of orchards, pastures, and open fields, which are \npart of a National Register-listed cultural landscape. As such, these lands are protected under the National Historic Preservation Act, which limits development and use of the district. Neither alternative will affect the manner in which thes e lands are managed. Specifically, the portion of \nthe project that passes through the Fruita Rural Historic District orchards will not affect fruit trees Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 21or orchard operation. Because there would be no effects on prime and unique farmlands, this \ntopic is dismissed from further analysis in this document. \nIndian Trust Resources \nSecretarial Order 3175 requires that any anticipated impacts to Indian trust resources from a proposed project or action by the Department of Interior agencies be explicitly addressed in environmental documents. The federal Indian trus t responsibility is a legally enforceable \nfiduciary obligation on the part of the United States to protect tribal lands, assets, resources, and treaty rights, and it represents a duty to carry out the mandates of federal law with respect to Native American and Alaska Native tribes. \nThere are no Indian trust resources at Capitol Reef National Park. The lands comprising the \npark are not held in trust by the Secretary of the Interior for the benefit of Indians due to their \nstatus as Indians. Because there are no Indian trust resources, this topic is dismissed from \nfurther analysis in this document. \nEnvironmental Justice \nExecutive Order 12898 General Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations requires all federal agencies to incorporate \nenvironmental justice into their missions by identifying and addressing disproportionately high \nand adverse human health or environmental effect s of their programs and policies on minorities \nand low-income populations and communities. Becaus e the new administration facility would be \navailable for use by all park staff regardless of race or income, and the construction workforces would not be hired based on their race or income, the proposed action would not have disproportionate health or environmental effects on minorities or low income populations or communities. Because there would be no disproportionate effects, this topic is dismissed from \nfurther analysis in this document. \nClimate Change and Sustainability \nAlthough climatologists are unsure about the long-term results of global climate change, it is \nclear that the planet is experiencing a warming trend that affects ocean currents, sea levels, polar sea ice, and global weather patterns. Although these changes will likely affect winter precipitation patterns and amounts in the parks, it would be speculative to predict localized \nchanges in temperature, precipitation, or other weather changes, in part because there are \nmany variables that are not fully understood and there may be variables not currently defined. Therefore, the analyses in this document are based on past and current weather patterns, and the effects of future climate changes are not discussed further. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 22ALTERNATIVES \nDuring October 2009, an interdisciplinary team of National Park Service and Federal Highway \nAdministration employees met for the purpose of discussing the scope of the proposed project and developing project alternatives. This meeting resulted in the definition of project objectives as described in the Purpose and Need, and a list of alternatives that could potentially meet \nthese objectives. An action alternative and the no-action alternative were originally identified for \nthis project. A number of options that were considered for the action alternative were dismissed \nfrom further consideration for various reasons, as described later in this chapter. One action alternative and the no-action alternative are carried forward for further evaluation in this environmental assessment. A summary table com paring alternative components is presented at \nthe end of this chapter. \nAlternatives Carried Forward \nAlternative A – No-Action \nThe no-action alternative consists of the park’s ongoing routine of maintenance and repairs. It does not imply or direct discontinuing day-to-day maintenance and repairs. The park would continue to clear culverts, stabilize slopes, patch potholes, and complete other isolated repairs \nas the need arises. The road would continue to deteriorate, and repair costs would continue to \nescalate. Temporary road closures for repairs would become more frequent. Should the no-action alternative be selected, the NPS would respond to future needs and conditions without major actions or changes in the present course. \nAlternative B – Rehabilitate and Resurface the Scenic Drive (Preferred Alternative) \nThe Scenic Drive would be rehabilitated and repaved throughout its 8-mile length between SR-24 and the Capitol Gorge parking area. The existing roadway width would be maintained, but \nthe pavement would be widened at “S-shaped” curves to help prevent vehicles from off-tracking \nonto the shoulders. The roadway would also be widened at its southern end to provide a \nconsistent width. The subgrade throughout the length of the Scenic Drive would be excavated as needed in spot locations, and replaced with appropriate fill material. From milepost (MP) 0.00, the intersection with SR-24, to the park fee station at MP 1.70, the existing pavement on \nthe Scenic Drive would be pulverized and the roadway would be paved with asphalt concrete. \nBetween the fee station and the Capitol Gorge parking area the existing chip-seal pavement would be pulverized, and the roadway would be paved with a double chip-seal overlay. Painted centerline striping would be applied from the picnic area and campground in the Fruita Historic District to the intersection with SR-24. Centerline striping may also be applied at some of the \nsharpest curves, to enhance safety. Rumble strips would be installed at the beginning of the 15-\nmile-per-hour speed zone. Minor improvements would be made to the Fruita Campground entrance to provide additional width for turning movements into and out of the campground. Paved asphalt aprons would be developed and extended into the entrances of Grand Wash and the Pleasant Creek Road. \nAt locations where drainage ditches are close to and parallel with the road bed, existing stone \nretaining walls would be extended or new walls would be constructed to prevent future erosion. \nThe roadside ditch along the east side of the Scenic Drive across from the historic Gifford Barn \n(MP 1.25) would be improved to better accommodate storm flows. Options being considered include reconstructing and paving the ditch with a consistent cross section and slope to more easily accommodate mechanical maintenance, or retaining the current native soil ditch while \nimplementing a schedule of more frequent maintenance. The native soil ditch would be Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 23reshaped and hardened with compaction as needed. More analysis will be conducted to \ndetermine the proper solution. Plugged culverts would be cleaned. \nExisting concrete low water crossings would be repaired or replaced in kind as is needed. In \nsome drainages where existing culverts have bec ome plugged with soil and rock, the culverts \nwould be replaced with low water crossings. Some such culverts would remain in place and be \npermanently plugged, to ensure that they do not deteriorate and collapse beneath the road bed. \nStone headwalls that have become weakened would be reconditioned, with grout, resin, or new \nmortar applied as needed. Some stone headwalls would be dismantled and reconstructed, \nusing the original stone as much as is feasible. Any replacement stone would be native stone of a similar appearance. All masonry stone rehabilitation would be in accordance with the \nSecretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Preservation of Historic Properties . Stone riprap \nwould be placed at culvert outlets as needed. \nThe roadway pavement would be widened on curves between approximately mileposts 4.3 to \n4.5, although the widened pavement would still be on the existing road bench. In other isolated \nlocations throughout the length of the Scenic Drive the roadway would be widened by 1 to 2 \nfeet, to provide a consistent road width as much as is feasible. Warning signs would be installed \nin locations where the roadway narrows, but cannot be widened because of the proximity of \nimportant park resources. \nNear the Capitol Gorge parking area, from approximately milepost 7.4 to 7.9, the adjacent \nhillside would be cut back to create slopes with gradients of approximately two-to-one or three-to-one (2:1 or 3:1), depending on conditions at the sites. Drainage ditches would be cut at the \ntoe of the slope alongside the roadway. The purpos e of those excavations would be to widen \nthe road to a consistent width through that stretch of narrow roadway. It is estimated that \napproximately 2,000 to 2,500 cubic yards of shale, shale residuum soils, and sandstone would be excavated. \nThe parking area at the entrance to Capitol Gorge would be paved with asphalt and the existing \nsandstone curbing would be reset. Some new matching curbing would be installed to formalize \nthe parking area. A raised median would be added, and access to the existing restroom would \nbe improved. \nApproximately nine minor parking areas and pullout s along the length of the Scenic Drive would \nbe reconstructed with formalized layouts. Others would be abandoned and rehabilitated. \nStaging Areas \nConstruction staging and stockpile areas for repairing and rehabilitating the Scenic Drive would \nbe located in the Cal Pendleton Field south of the Fruita Campground. There is also potential for \nuse of the park's \"boneyard\" for storage of materials and equipment. The access for Cal Pendleton Field and the boneyard is by a gravel road immediately south of the Fee Station. Cal Pendleton Field is adjacent to the Scenic Dr ive while the boneyard is approximately one-half \nmile west. Materials for park use are commonly stored at the boneyard now and it has been \ndisturbed by park vehicles. It has been used as a construction staging area in the past. Cal \nPendleton Field is a pasture area but is not currently being used in any capacity by the park. The parking area at the entrance to Capitol Gorge would also be utilized as a staging area. That would provide a staging area at each end of the Scenic Drive. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 24General Construction Schedule and Costs \nIt is anticipated that the repair and rehabilitation of the Scenic Drive would be accomplished in \n2011. The total cost of the repair and rehabilitation of the Scenic Drive would be approximately $4 million. \nMitigation Measures \nThe following mitigation measures were developed to minimize the degree and/or severity of adverse effects and would be implemented during construction of the action alternative, as needed: \n• To minimize the amount of ground disturbance, staging and stockpiling areas would be in \npreviously disturbed sites, away from visitor us e areas to the extent possible. All staging and \nstockpiling areas would be returned to pre-construction conditions following construction. \n• Fugitive dust generated by construction would be controlled by spraying water on the \nconstruction site, if necessary. \n• Contractors would be required to properly maintain construction equipment (i.e., mufflers \nand brakes) to minimize noise. Construction equipment would not be permitted to idle for \nlong periods of time. \n• To minimize possible petrochemical leaks from construction equipment, the contractor would \nregularly monitor and check construction equipment to identify and repair any leaks. \n• All tools, equipment, barricades, signs, surplus materials, and rubbish would be removed \nupon project completion. \n• Revegetation efforts would strive to reconstruct the natural spacing, abundance, and \ndiversity of native plant species using native species. A revegetation plan approved by NPS \nwould be developed for disturbances in the project area. \n• All disturbed areas would be restored as much as is feasible to pre-construction conditions \nshortly after construction activities were completed. Weed control methods would be \nimplemented to minimize the introduction of noxious weeds. Remedial actions would include \ninstallation of erosion-control structures, reseeding, topsoil placement, and/or replanting the \narea, and controlling non-native plant species with herbicide. \n• Because disturbed soils would be susceptible to erosion, until the soil was stable and \nvegetation was established, standard erosion control measures would be used to minimize any potential soil erosion and prevent sediment from reaching streams. \n• Treatment of non-native vegetation would be completed in accordance with NPS–13, \nIntegrated Pest Management Guidelines . Monitoring and follow-up treatment of exotic \nvegetation would occur after project activities are completed. \n• To prevent the introduction of, and minimize the spread of, nonnative vegetation and \nnoxious weeds, the following measures woul d be implemented during construction: \no Soil disturbance would be minimized. \no To avoid introduction of non-native/noxious plant species, no hay bales would be \nused for temporary erosion control or during revegetation. \no All construction equipment would be pressure washed and/or steam cleaned before \nentering the park to ensure that all equipment is weed-free. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 25o All haul trucks bringing fill materials from outside the park would be covered to \nprevent seed transport. \no Vehicle and equipment parking would be limited to within construction limits or \napproved staging areas. \no Staging areas outside the park would be surveyed for noxious weeds and treated \nappropriately prior to use. \no All fill, rock, and additional topsoil would be obtained from stockpiles from previous \nprojects or excess material from this project, if possible; and if not possible, then \nweed-free fill, rock, or additional topsoil would be obtained from sources outside the park. NPS personnel would certify that the source is weed-free. \n• Erosion control BMPs for drainage and sediment control, as identified and used by the \nFHWA and NPS, would be implemented to prevent or reduce nonpoint source pollution and \nminimize soil loss and sedimentation in drainage areas. These practices may include, but \nwould not be limited to, silt fencing, filter fabric, temporary sediment ponds, check dams of pea gravel-filled burlap bags or other material, and/or immediate mulching of exposed areas to minimize sedimentation and turbidity impacts as a result of construction activities. The \nplacement and specific measures used would be dictated to a large degree by the \nsteepness of the topography immediately adjacent to the roadway. Silt fencing fabric would \nbe inspected daily during project work and weekly after project completion, until removed. Accumulated sediments would be removed when the fabric was estimated to be approximately 75% full. Silt removal would be accomplished in such a way as to avoid introducing sediments into any flowing water bodies. \n• Regular site inspections would be conducted to ensure that erosion control measures were \nproperly installed and functioning effectively. \n• The operation of ground-disturbing equipment would be temporarily suspended during large \nprecipitation events to reduce the production of sediment that may be transported to streams. \n• A National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit would be prepared by \nCFLHD and submitted to the Utah Division of Water Quality prior to commencing any near-\nwater activities. \n• A hazardous spill plan would be required from the contractor prior to the start of construction \nstating what actions would be taken in the case of a spill and preventive measures to be \nimplemented. Hazardous spill clean-up materials would be on-site at all times. This measure \nwould be designed to avoid/minimize the intr oduction of chemical contaminants associated \nwith machinery (e.g., fuel, oil, and hydraulic fluid) used in project implementation. \n• Construction workers and supervisors would be informed about special status species. \nContract provisions would require the cessation of construction activities if a species was \ndiscovered in the project area, until park staff re-evaluates the project. This would allow \nmodification of the contract for any protection measures determined necessary to protect the \ndiscovery. \n• If there were night construction, lights would be shielded and directed downward to minimize \nthe areas impacted by the artificial light, and to avoid light pollution. \n• The construction contractor would be required to keep all garbage and food waste contained \nand removed daily from the work site, to avoid attracting wildlife. Construction workers would be instructed to remove food scraps and not feed or approach wildlife. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 26• Should construction unearth previously undiscovered cultural resources, work would be \nstopped in the area of any discovery and the park would consult with the state historic \npreservation officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, as necessary, according to §36 CFR 800.13, Post Review Discoveries. In the unlikely event that human remains were discovered during construction, provisions outlined in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990) would be followed. \n• The National Park Service would ensure that all contractors and subcontractors were \ninformed of the penalties for illegally collecting artifacts or intentionally damaging paleontological materials, archeological sites, or historic properties. Contractors and \nsubcontractors would also be instructed on procedur es to follow in case previously unknown \npaleontological or archeological resources were uncovered during construction. \n• To minimize the potential for impacts to park vi sitors, variations on construction timing may \nbe considered. One option would include conducting the majority of the work in the off-\nseason or shoulder seasons. \n• Visitors would be informed in advance of construction activities. \n• As much as was feasible, park staff would be posted at construction traffic stops to answer \nvisitor questions and provide information during traffic delays. \n• Provisions for emergency vehicle access through construction zones would be developed. \nAlternatives Considered and Dismissed \nNo action alternatives other than to repair and rehabilitate the Scenic Drive throughout its length were considered feasible, but a number of options were considered for the action alternative. \nOptions were considered for rehabilitating a ditch at approximately milepost 1.25. The existing \nditch does not effectively intercept and convey storm flows from the adjacent steep slopes. Sediment-laden stormwaters sometimes overflow the ditch, damaging the roadway and flowing into the nearby historic Gifford barn. The following options for preventing those flows were considered, but were dismissed. \n1. Install a relief culvert halfway down the existing ditch.\n Although a relief culvert would \nconvey a portion of the water under the road, it is likely that the culvert would plug with sediment and become inoperative. \n2. Raise the roadway profile .\n It was determined that raising the roadway profile would not \nbe feasible, because the increased cost would not provide a correspondingly higher level \nof protection for the roadway or the barn. The option that was selected as part of the \npreferred alternative (a concrete-lined ditch) would provide equivalent protection for the roadway and the barn and would cost appreciably less. \nThe option of painting white edge striping (sometimes referred to as a fog line) along the outside edge of each travel lane was considered as roadway striping option, but that option was dismissed. Park Service and FHWA interdisciplinary team members felt that such \nstriping could induce vehicle operators to drive closer to the centerline, actually decreasing \nsafety. \nAlternative Summaries \nTable 2 summarizes the major components of Alternatives A and B, and compares the ability of \nthese alternatives to meet the project objectives (the objectives for this project are identified in \nthe Purpose and Need chapter). As shown in the following table, Alternative B meets each of Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 27the objectives identified for this project, while the No Action Alternative does not address all of \nthe objectives. \nTable 2 – Summary of Alternatives and How Each Alternative Meets Project Objectives \nProject Objectives Alternative A – No Action Alternative B – Preferred Alternative \nImprove the Efficiency of \nPark Operations \n Under the No Action Alternative, the \nNPS would not implement road \nrehabilitation or improvements. The \nefficiency of park operations would not be improved and maintenance \nrequirements and costs would \nincrease. Routine road maintenance \nwould continue, but the road \npavement and structural integrity \nwould continue to deteriorate, \nrequiring increasingly frequent spot \nrepairs. Seasonal flows across and \nalongside the roadway would \ncontinue damaging the roadway and \nincreasingly threatening the integrity \nof the road prism and some stone \nmasonry drainage structures. The \nneed for repairs would increase. The efficiency and cost of park operations \nwould improve from better road conditions \nand reduced maintenance requirements. \nThe improvements would repair damaged areas of road subgrade, correct cross-\nslope and drainage issues, repave the \nentire roadway, protect existing retaining \nwalls and headwalls and install new walls \nas needed. Damaged low water crossings \nwould be replaced in kind, and new low \nwater crossings would replace some \nculverts that are completely filled with \ndebris. \nProvide for Visitor \nEnjoyment and Safety Visitor enjoyment and safety \nconcerns would not be fully \naddressed, because problems with \nthe road surface, slope, drainage, \nguard walls, retaining walls, and low \nwater crossings would not be \ncorrected, except by spot repairs as \nneeded. A deteriorating road \nsurface and delays during repair \nefforts would advers ely affect visitor \nenjoyment. Existing safety concerns would remain; the pavement would \nnot be widened to a consistent \nwidth, and turning widths for \nentering and exiting Fruita \nCampground would not be \nincreased. \n Visitor enjoyment and safety would benefit \nfrom measures to improve the condition of \nthe roadway. Upgrades to the road and \nassociated structures would make travel by \nvehicles easier and safer. The pavement \nwould be widened to a consistent width \nwhere feasible. Improvements at Fruita \nCampground would increase turning \nwidths for entering and exiting the \ncampground. \nProtect Park Resources \n Park natural and cultural resources \nand the scenic quality of the road would be compromised by \ndeteriorating road conditions, poor \ndrainage, erosion, and damage to \nhistoric cultural features. Park natural and cultural resources would \nbe protected by drainage improvements, repair and construction of retaining walls \nand headwalls, and other structural repairs \nthat reduce the potential for deterioration \nof historic features. Road repairs and \nimprovements would decrease erosion \nalong the roadway, reducing adverse \nimpacts to vegetation, soils, and water \nquality. \n \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 28Table 3 summarizes the anticipated environmental impacts for alternatives A and B. Only those \nimpact topics that have been carried forward for further analysis are included in this table. The Environmental Consequences chapter provides a more detailed explanation of these impacts. \nTable 3 – Environmental Impact Summary by Alternative \nImpact Topic Alternative A – No Action Alternative B – Preferred Alternative \nCultural \nLandscapes Alternative A would have short-term minor, and long-\nterm minor to moderate \nadverse impacts on both the Scenic Drive and Fruita \ncultural landscapes. The \ncondition and integrity of the Scenic Drive would \ncontinue to degrade due to \ndeferred maintenance and the ongoing effects of \nerosion. Alternative B would have short-term minor adverse \nimpacts to the Scenic Drive and Fruita cultural \nlandscapes. The visual impact to individual drainage \nfeatures and the overall landscape settings would be apparent during the construction process. In the long \nterm, the impacts to these landscapes would be \nbeneficial. The condition of the Scenic Drive roadbed would be improved, and the road’s historical drainage \nfeatures would be rehabilitated. \nSoundscape Alternative A would have \nshort-term, moderate, \nadverse impacts on the \nsoundscape. Repair operations and their short-\nterm impacts on the \nsoundscape would become more frequent. Alternative B would have short-term, moderate, adverse impacts and long-term beneficial impacts on the \nsoundscape. The noise levels from road repair \noperations would be very notice able to visitors and would \nadversely affect wildlife in the surrounding area, but the \nnoise would not have an effect on the regional level. However, the rehabilitation and resurfacing of the entire \nlength of the Scenic Drive would reduce the frequency of \nperiodic repairs. Noise associated with such road repairs \nwould be correspondingly reduced. \nGeology and Soils Alternative A would have long-term, minor, adverse \nimpacts on geology and \nsoils. Erosion would continue, because repairs \nand rehabilitation efforts \nwould not be completed throughout the length of the \nScenic Drive. Alternative B would have long-term beneficial impacts on geology and soils by reducing erosion, rutting, and soil \ncompaction throughout the length of the Scenic Drive. There would be long-term minor adverse impacts from \nthe removal of rock and soil to accommodate some \nwidening of the roadway, the excavation and paving of an earthen ditch, and the cleaning, realignment, and \nwidening of other ditches along the Scenic Drive, but \nimpacts would be predominantly beneficial. \nHealth and Safety Alternative A would have long-term, minor, adverse \nimpacts on health and \nsafety. Some repairs would have to be deferred, and \nintermittent repairs at \nindividual locations in the roadway would create \nminor safety hazards for \npark staff and for motorists. Alternative B would have short-term minor adverse impacts on health and safety, due to road repair operations, as motorists approach and pass through the \nconstruction area. Alternative B would also have \nbeneficial long-term impacts. The correction of existing roadway deficiencies and improved safety features would \nincrease safety for motori sts on the Scenic Drive. \nVisitor Use and \nExperience Alternative A would have long-term, minor to \nmoderate, adverse impacts \non visitor use and \nexperience. Periodic \nmaintenance projects would require traffic delays at Alternative B would have short-term minor to moderate adverse impacts, long-term minor adverse impacts, and \nlong-term beneficial impacts on visitor use and \nexperience. There would be short-term minor adverse \nimpacts on visitor use and experience during road repair \nand rehabilitation activities, and long-term minor adverse impacts associated with maintenance activities. The Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 29Impact Topic Alternative A – No Action Alternative B – Preferred Alternative \nrandom times and \nlocations. Roadway \nconditions would deteriorate to the point that \nthe quality of the visitor \nexperience is diminished \nfrom a visibly damaged \nroad, eroded low water crossings, or deterioration \nof other structural features. \n Scenic Drive would be closed between Grand Wash and \nthe Capitol Gorge parking area for as long as a month, \ncreating a short-term moderate adverse impact on visitor use and experience. However, rehabilitation and \nresurfacing of the Scenic Drive would also have long-\nterm beneficial impacts. \nPark Operations and Management Alternative A would have long-term, moderate, \nadverse impacts on park \noperations and management. Continuing \nand increasing operational \nand maintenance demands would be readily apparent \nand would have a \nsubstantial effect on park operations and \nmanagement in a manner \nnoticeable to staff and the public. Alternative B would have short- term and long-term, minor, adverse impacts, as well as a long-term beneficial \nimpact on park operations and management. Planning \nfor and assisting in the completion of the repair and rehabilitation of the Scenic Drive would require time and \nattention from park staff, which would add to their \nworkloads. Travel on the Scenic Drive would be impeded \nduring road rehabilitation and resurfacing activities. \nThose impacts would end when construction was \nfinished. With the rehabilitation and resurfacing of the Scenic Drive completed, maintenance workloads and \ncosts would decrease, creating a long-term beneficial \nimpact. \nIdentification of the Environm entally Preferred Alternative \nThe environmentally preferred alternative is determi ned by applying the criteria suggested in the \nNational Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEP A), which guides the Council on Environmental \nQuality (CEQ). The CEQ provides direction that “[t]he environmentally preferable alternative is \nthe alternative that would promote the national environmental policy as expressed as goals in \nNEPA’s §101: \n1. fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for succeeding \ngenerations; \n2. assure for all generations safe, healthful, productive, and esthetically and culturally \npleasing surroundings; \n3. attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environment without degradation, risk of \nhealth or safety, or other undesirable and unintended consequences; \n4. preserve important historic, cultural and natural aspects of our national heritage and \nmaintain, wherever possible, an environment that supports diversity and variety of \nindividual choice; \n5. achieve a balance between population and resource use that will permit high standards \nof living and a wide sharing of life’s amenities; and \n6. enhance the quality of renewable resources and approach the maximum attainable \nrecycling of depletable resources. \nWhile the no action alternative (alternative A) would preserve existing conditions, it would not be considered the environmentally preferr ed alternative because not rehabilitating the Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 30Scenic Drive, repairing damaged road and drainage problems, and implementing other \nimprovements would not meet environmental goals in the same manner as the preferred \nalternative. Alternative A is not the environmentally preferred alternative for the following reasons: 1. not rehabilitating the Scenic Drive would not meet the stewardship responsibility for protecting park resources (goal 1, as expressed in NEPA’s §101); 2. it would not improve \nroad safety or protection of environmental and cultural resources (goals 2, 3, and 4); 3. damaged road sections would continue to deteriorate and result in increased maintenance costs (and would not fully meet goal 3); and 4. there is a higher likelihood of road failure, which would result in road closure, making it more difficult for visitors and staff to access park facilities (goal 5). Thus, alternative A does not fully meet the provisions of \nNEPA §101 goals 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. \nThe NPS determined that the environmentally preferred alternative is the preferred \nalternative (alternative B) because it surpasses alternative A in realizing the full range of \nnational environmental policy goals as stated in §101 of NEPA. Alternative B would provide \nthe widest range of beneficial uses without degradation, and would reduce risks to health and safety because it would provide sustainable vehicular access to the facilities and \ntrailheads along the Scenic Drive. Implementing alternative B would best preserve the \nnatural and cultural features along the road because it implements structural improvements while providing long-term protection of environmental and cultural resources (goals 1 and 4). Road improvements would allow for unimpeded access to recreational opportunities and regional access (goals 2, 3, and 5). Alternative B provides for the reuse of asphalt in place \nor milled asphalt that could be used on other road projects outside of the project area (goal \n6). \n \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 31AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT \n \nDetailed information on the natural, cultural, and human resources at Capitol Reef National Park \nmay be found in the final general management plan (NPS, 2001). A summary of the resources \nthat may be impacted from the proposed project are described below. \nLocation and General Description of the Park \nCapitol Reef National Park is located in south-central Utah approximately 225 miles south of \nSalt Lake City. The entrance to the park is on Utah State Road 24 between the towns of Torrey \nand Hanksville. The park was established by Congr ess as a national monument on August 2, \n1937, to preserve the geologic resources of the area. It was redesignated a national park in 1971 and increased six times it original size. The park protects Cathedral Valley, ancient sand dunes and other objects of scientific interest, and the majority of the Waterpocket Fold. The Waterpocket Fold is the largest wrinkle in the earth’s crust (monocline) in North America. \nApproximately 617,208 recreational visitors came to Capitol Reef National Park in 2009. In the \npast 30 years annual visitation has fluctuated between a low of 516,000 in 2002 to a high of 681,000 in 1999. \nThe primary mode of transportation to the park is the private automobile. The park's main \ndriving tours include the Scenic Drive and two mainly unpaved, loop tours through the park's \nCathedral and Waterpocket Districts. The park offers a brochure for a self-guided tour of the \nScenic Drive with eleven stops that highlight the geologic and historical features of interest in the park. \nNinety-one percent of park visits include the Scenic Drive. Approximately 70,000 vehicles a year \ntravel the road, based on a traffic study completed in 2004. The average number of vehicles per day traveling along the Scenic Drive is over 200, with the peak in May of over 400 vehicles per \nday. \nVisitor services include a picnic area, three campgrounds and a visitor center. The Fruita \nCampground is developed, and the Cathedral and Cedar Mesa campgrounds are primitive. \nBackcountry camping is available by permit. The most common visitor activities are viewing \nscenery (93%), followed by photography/painting/drawing (78%) and hiking (70%) (Capitol Reef \nNational Park Visitor Study, 2008). There are fifteen hiking trails in the park, ranging in degree \nof difficulty from easy to strenuous. Additional recreational opportunities available at the park include climbing, biking, horseback riding and camping. Other popular activities consist of visiting the historic buildings and fruit picking in the orchards of the Fruita Historic District, a Mormon pioneer settlement. Capitol Reef has the la rgest historic orchards in the National Park \nSystem, with approximately 2,600 fruit and nut trees. \nCultural Landscapes \nThe Scenic Drive is a narrow, winding historic road that was originally built in 1883 to link the new settlement of Junction (later, Fruita) to other nearby settlements. The road followed traces \nof an ancient route used by Native Americans along the western edge of the Waterpocket Fold. \nPortions of the original route have also been known by other names, in cluding the Blue Dugway, \nCapitol Gorge Highway, Reef Road, Monument R oad, and old Utah State Route 24. A two-mile \nsection of the road is a contributing landscape feature of the Fruita Rural Historic District. The \nNPS also considers the Scenic Drive/Capitol Gorge as a separate component landscape within the park that is potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 32The original route of the Scenic Drive was not highly engineered, and remained little more than \na simple wagon road until the mid-twentieth century. Between 1938 and1942, workers from a Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) sub-camp established in the park completed some improvements to the Scenic Drive. A section of the road southeast of the Fremont River Bridge was stabilized. Improvements were also completed at the Danish Hill area south of Fruita. Some \nportions of the route were widened from 11 feet to18 feet, and cut slope flattening to improve \nsight distance was also completed. \nIt is unclear which drainage features date to the CCC era, and which were constructed earlier \nand simply repaired or rebuilt between 1938 and 1942. The Scenic Drive currently has 64 culverts and 22 low water crossings. An inventory of culverts completed by park staff in 2009 \nidentified six that are known or are likely to have been constructed by the CCC, in addition to \nanother 31 possible CCC-era drainage features. Historical records also indicate that four hundred feet of rock wall was constructed during this period to improve the grade and drainage, and stone check dams were placed in eroding ditches. \nBy the late 1950s, when the NPS Mission 66 development period was well underway, the park \ninitiated planning for the rerouting of State Highway 24. In 1962 the new highway was realigned \nto run east-west along the Fremont River, with portions following the general alignment of the \nhistoric route. The Old State Route 24 road from Fruita to Capitol Gorge was renamed the Scenic Drive, and the section that extended northeast through the gorge was closed. Minor alignments were also completed during this period. Park records note the addition of twelve new culverts to address drainage problems. \nOver the years, the Scenic Drive was widened to approximately 20 feet, although some areas \nare narrower. The Fremont Bridge was replaced in 1985 and the section of road between Fruita and Capitol Gorge, formerly gravel, was chip-sealed in 1988. Gabion walls, at least four low water crossings, and pullouts were also constructed. However, despite these alterations, the Scenic Drive retains its rustic character. \nSoundscape \nGenerally, ambient sound levels in the vicinity of the proposed project are low and are dominated by natural sounds. In the project area natural sounds include the sounds of wind, running water, birds, and occasionally other animal sounds. \nVehicle traffic is the main source of human-caused noise in the project area. Although roadway \nspeeds are low, visitor traffic intermittently increases noise levels, particularly during the \nsummer months when traffic levels are higher. Noise is also produced during road maintenance activities. Summer is the busiest season for road maintenance. Because of weather limitations, part of the construction work for the proposed project would occur during the summer. \nActual ambient sound levels along the Scenic Drive are not known, but as a frame of reference, \nthe sound level on a totally quiet night in a desert would be around 30 decibels (dBA), while \nsound levels from light traffic on paved roads range from 45 to 50 dBA at a distance of 100 feet from the roadway. \nGeology and Soils \nThe Scenic Drive follows the western face of the Waterpocket Fold. The geology in the area \ndates from the Permian (as old as 270 million years) to the Cretaceous (around 80 million years \nold). The Waterpocket Fold has tilted the geologic strata down to the east. The older rocks are \nfound in the western part of the park, and the younger rocks are found near the east boundary. \nThe geology of the area includes the reddish-brown mudstones, siltstones, claystones, and fine Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 33grained sandstones of the Moenkopi Formation and the grayer band of Chinle shale (originally \ndeposited as volcanic ash), to the distinctive red, white, and reddish-brown colors and various \nshapes assumed by the sandstones of the Wingate, Navajo, and Kayenta formations. \nSoils in the area of the proposed project are typically very loose, fine-grained, poorly graded \nsilty sand, with some gravel and boulders. The soils are derived from the sandstones and \nshales that predominate the geology of the park. Such soils are easily infiltrated and eroded by \nwater, and can also become hydro-compacted. \nHeavier soils, such as silty clay loams, can be found at the base of shale slopes and hills \nthroughout the project area. Soils along the Fremont River floodplain are derived from alluvium deposited by the river. In the Fruita area, silty clay loam floodplain soils were successfully \nfarmed, producing alfalfa, sorghum, vegetables, and a variety of fruit orchards. The NPS has \ncontinued that history of cultivation within the park. \nHealth and Safety \nThe rustic characteristics of the Scenic Drive make it suited for low volume traffic flow with slow travel speeds. This works well for visitors using the road to access park facilities, which include \nthe visitor center, a campground, trailheads, and the Fruita Historic District with its homestead \nbuildings and orchards. It is a park road only, and is not an element of the local or county traffic patterns. However, the volume and types of public use have increased since the establishment of the park. The Scenic Drive pre-dates the establishment of the park and was not constructed to currently accepted standards for the volume and types of public use the road now receives. \nHealth and safety concerns include the narrow road width, tight curves, debris such as rocks in \nthe roadway, the possibility of flash flooding in the washes crossed by the road, and seasonal heat and cold. \nCollisions between vehicles are not frequent. Park records report two vehicle collisions on the \nScenic Drive from 1990 through 1993, and two vehicle collisions from 2005 through 2008. The \ncauses of the accidents were reported as inattention and speeding, and some were identified as \nsideswipe collisions on S-shaped curves. Sliding off the road and striking debris in the road are also identified as causes for accidents on the Scenic Drive. \nRestroom facilities and potable water are located at the visitor center and the headquarters area \n(at the intersection of Highway 24 and the Scenic Drive) and in Fruita Campground. The campground is developed with 71 recreational vehicle (RV) and/or tent sites, each with a picnic \ntable and grill but no individual water, sewage, or electrical hook-ups. An RV dump station is \nopen during the summer. The campground restrooms are heated and feature potable running water and flush toilets, but not showers. There are toilet facilities at the southern end of the Scenic drive where it intersects unpaved spur roads into Grand Wash and Capitol Gorge. \nThe park coordinates law enforcement and related activities with neighboring counties. Most \nemergency services, such as search and rescue and initial-response emergency medical \nservices for incidents within the park, are pr ovided by park staff. Emergency medical response \nstaff have offices in the park headquarters. A medical clinic is located in Bicknell, 19 miles west \nof the park on Utah Highway 24. The closest hospital is located in Richfield, 75 miles west of the park. There is limited cell phone service in most areas of the park, but park radios work well along the Scenic Drive corridor. \nFire personnel from the park and from other agencies work together to accomplish each \nagency’s fire management goals. Neighboring agencies will provide assistance with emergency fire suppression when requested, in accordance with the Annual Operating Plan for Fire Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 34Management between the U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, National Park \nService, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the State of Utah. \nVisitor Use and Experience \nAbout 665,000 people visited the park in 2009. The average length of stay for visitor groups who \nspend less than 24 hours in the park is about 6 hours. Approximately 92% stop at the visitor \ncenter and 91% travel the Scenic Drive. The primary visitor activities are driving the Scenic Drive, viewing the scenery, and visiting the Fruita Historic District. Besides the paved Scenic Drive, there are unpaved loop tours through the Cathedral and Waterpocket Districts of the park. \nHiking is a popular visitor activity. In the Fruita area, there are 15 day-hiking trails with trailheads \nlocated along Utah Highway 24 and the Scenic Drive. There are also numerous hiking options for serious backpackers and those who enjoy exploring remote areas. \nHorse and pack animal use is also permitted in the park along several park roads and trails. \nThere are limited overnight facilities for stock users, and backcountry use permits are available \nfor backcountry camping with stock. \nThe park offers camping in the developed Fruita campground and the nearby group \ncampground. There are two primitive campgrounds in more remote parts of the park, and backcountry camping is also permitted. \nRock climbing is becoming increasingly popular in the park, as in Utah’s canyon country in \ngeneral. Bicycling is allowed, though cyclists must stay on designated roads at all times. \nCyclists may not travel off road, in washes, on closed roads, on hiking trails, or backcountry \nroutes. \nFrom May to September, the park offers a variety of ranger-guided programs at no charge. \nThese include guided walks, talks, and evening programs at the campground amphitheater. \nPark Operations and Management \nThe park has approximately 24 permanent employ ees, and additional seasonal employees in \nthe summer months. Interns and volunteers augment the paid staff. Personnel resources are distributed among the superintendent’s office, administration, interpretation, maintenance, resource management and science, and visitor and resource protection functions. \nThe park has a visitor center, an administrative headquarters complex, a maintenance building, \na service yard, and a 15-unit residential area. The Fruita Rural Historic District within the park \nincludes a 3,000-tree orchard complex. Many historic buildings within the park, including wood frame homes and barns, are used for staff and/or interpretive purposes, The park has equipment such as trucks, trailers, and construction equipment to support park operations. \nThe 71-site Fruita Campground is the only developed campground in the park, located south of \nthe visitor center in the Fruita Historic Distri ct. A group campground, available by reservation for \nas many as 40 people, is located near the Fruita Campground. Two no-fee primitive \ncampgrounds in more remote parts of the park have pit toilets and picnic tables, but no water. \nThe only paved roads within the park are State Road 24 and the Scenic Drive. Unpaved roads \ninclude the Capitol Gorge and Grand Wash spur roads, South Draw Road, Hartnet Road, Caineville Wash Road, Burr Trail Road, and Notom-Bullfrog Road. \nFor management purposes the park is divided into si x types of zones: primitive, semi-primitive, \nthreshold, rural developed, utility corridor, and road corridors. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 35In the primitive zone, management strategies focus on wilderness qualities, allowing natural \nprocesses and undeveloped native conditions to continue with minimal human interference. Native species are maintained or re-established, and sensitive species are protected or augmented. Attempts are made to eliminate non-native species. Some grazing and related development is allowed. The primitive zone can be approached via a limited number of roads, \nprimarily four-wheel drive roads and high clearance , two-wheel drive dirt roads. Travel through \nthis zone requires cross-country hiking or horseback riding on unimproved trails and routes. \nThe semi-primitive zone is similar in nature to the primitive zone, except that evidence of human \nactivity is more pronounced. Road corridors are more abundant, and human access is easier. \nGrazing and related development is allowed. Maintenance activities should be rare, solely for \nprotecting resources and restoring areas disturbed by human activities. The semi-primitive zone \ncan be accessed by a number of roads, primarily tw o-wheel drive dirt roads. Travel through this \nzone requires cross-country hiking or horseback riding on unimproved trails and routes. \nThe threshold zone accommodates more varied human activities. Interpretation is provided \nalong maintained hiking trails. A moderate degree of resource management is required. Natural processes are perpetuated and natural conditions are maintained as much as possible, but \nsome human alterations and intrusions are evident. Access is on paved or two-wheel drive, low-\nclearance, all-weather roads. Access to the zone interior is along a variety of trails and routes that connect various destination points. \nThe rural developed zone encompasses the park headquarters, the Fruita campground, and the \nSleeping Rainbow Ranch developed areas. The zone is moderately developed and it sustains \nthe highest level of visitor use. It includes the Fruita Rural Historic District. Also located in the \nzone are the park visitor center, maintenance facilities, and employee housing. Vehicle access to and throughout the zone is by paved and unpaved roads suitable for most vehicles. Pedestrian access is provided by maintained trails that allow visitors to explore natural and cultural environments. Some trail sections are wheelchair-accessible. \nThe utility corridor zone contains the permanent physical plant and infrastructure developments \nrelating to utilities delivery, such as electricity, irrigation water, and telephone service. Corridor widths vary according to right-of-way agreements or special use permits. Visitors can expect to encounter power lines, water developments, underground telephone lines, utility junction boxes, and other such developments. The natural character of the land is preserved, while accommodating utility development and maintenance. Visitor access to the zone varies \nconsiderably, depending on the terrain. \nRoad corridor zones identify all primary, se condary, and four-wheel drive vehicle routes \nestablished within the park. Bicycles and licens ed vehicles manufactured for highway use may \ntravel on park roads. Visitors can expect a variety of road conditions, ranging from a paved, \nwell-maintained, state highway to minimally maintained, high clearance, variable-width dirt \nroads. \nThe Scenic Drive is one of the road corridors in the park. Users can expect a well-maintained, \nhard-surfaced road meandering through the rural cultural landscape and through the threshold zone, with turnouts, trailhead parking areas, interpretive signs, wayside exhibits, and picnic sites. Routine maintenance activities include filling potholes and depressions, repairing eroded shoulders, removing debris from roadway drains, and chip-sealing the roadway as needed. \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 36ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES \nMethodology \nThis chapter analyzes the potential environmental consequences, or impacts, that would occur \nas a result of implementing the proposed project. Topics analyzed in this chapter include cultural landscapes, soundscape, geology and soils, visitor use and experience, and park operations. Direct, indirect, and cumulative effects are analyzed for each resource topic carried \nforward. Natural and cultural resource topics are also analyzed for impairment. Potential \nimpacts are described in terms of type, context, duration, and intensity. General definitions are defined as follows, while more specific impact thresholds are given for each resource at the beginning of each resource section. \n• Type describes the classification of the impact as either beneficial or adverse, direct or \nindirect: \n- Beneficial : A positive change in the condition or appearance of the resource or a change \nthat moves the resource toward a desired condition. \n- Adverse: A change that moves the resource away from a desired condition or detracts \nfrom its appearance or condition. \n- Direct : An effect that is caused by an action and occurs in the same time and place. \n- Indirect : An effect that is caused by an action but is later in time or farther removed in \ndistance, but is still reasonably foreseeable. \n• Context describes the area or location in whic h the impact will occur. Are the effects site-\nspecific, local, regional, or even broader? \n• Duration describes the length of time an effect will occur, either short-term or long-term: \n- Short-term impacts generally last only during construction, and the resources resume \ntheir pre-construction conditions following construction. \n- Long-term impacts last beyond the construction period, and the resources may not \nresume their pre-construction conditions for a longer period of time following construction. \n• Intensity describes the degree, level, or strength of an impact. For this analysis, intensity has \nbeen categorized into negligible, minor, moderate, and major. Because definitions of intensity vary by resource topic, intensity definitions are provided separately for each impact topic analyzed in this environmental assessment. \nNote: NPS policy requires that direct and indirect impacts be “considered.” However, \ndirectness is not to be specifically labeled or identified as “direct/indirect” in any of the impact topics in the environmental consequences chapter. \nCumulative Effects \nThe Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations, which implement the National \nEnvironmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 USC 4321 et seq.), require assessment of cumulative impacts in the decision-making process for federal projects. Cumulative impacts are defined as \"the impact on the environment which results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (federal or non-federal) or person undertakes such other actions\" (40 CFR 1508.7). \nCumulative impacts are considered for both the no-action and preferred alternative. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 37Cumulative impacts were determined by combining the impacts of the preferred alternative with \nother past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions. Therefore, it was necessary to identify projects at Capitol Reef National Park and, if applicable, the surrounding region. The following projects were identified for the purpose of conducting the cumulative effects analysis, listed from past to future: \nErosion control/bank stabilization measures along State Route 24:\n The NPS and the Utah \nDepartment of Transportation installed erosion control/bank stabilization measures along State \nRoute 24 within Capitol Reef National Park. \nDevelopment of the Sleeping Rainbow Ranch as a research facility: The project included \ndemolishing and replacing existing buildings and utilities on a mesa top approximately two miles \nsouthwest of the Capitol Gorge parking area. Additional facilities were constructed for use as a \nyear-round educational site. \nReplace administration trailer with permanent building: The park is in the process of replacing \nthe existing administration offices trailer with a permanent structure. This project will construct a \nnew, site-built structure of about 1,650-square feet that will provide replacement office space for all of the administrative functions and a small portion of space for functions that are located in \ntwo other buildings. The existing administrative trailer has been removed. \nConstruct drainage structures on Utah SR-24 to return the Fremont River into its natural \nchannel: Capitol Reef National Park, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Transportation \nand the Federal Highways Administration, proposes to construct a set of drainage structures on \nUtah State Highway 24 to return the Fremont River into its natural channel. The proposed \nproject includes the construction of two bridges, restoration of habitat for the threatened Ute \nladies’-tresses orchid, elimination of a manmade waterfall, removal of a parking area near the waterfall, and returning the Fremont River to its natural course in the oxbow. \nReplace the existing resources trailer and visitor and resources protection (VRP) shack with \npermanent structures: This project would construct a new, site-built structure that would provide \nreplacement office space for all of the resources management and VRP functions. The existing \nresources and VRP structures would be removed. \nUnacceptable Impacts \nAs described in Purpose and Need, the NPS must prevent any activities that would impair park \nresources and values. The impact threshold at which impairment occurs is not always readily \napparent. Therefore, the NPS will apply a standard that offers greater assurance that \nimpairment will not occur. The NPS will do this by avoiding impacts that it determines to be \nunacceptable. These are impacts that fall short of impairment, but are still not acceptable within a particular park’s environment. Park managers must not allow uses that would cause unacceptable impacts; they must evaluate existi ng or proposed uses and determine whether the \nassociated impacts on park resources and values are acceptable. Virtually every form of human activity that takes place within a park has some degree of effect on park resources or values, but that does not mean the impact is unacceptable or that a particular use must be disallowed. To determine if unacceptable impact could occur to the resources and values of the parks, the impacts of proposed actions in this environmental assessment were evaluated based on monitoring information, published research, and professional expertise, and compared to the \nguidance on unacceptable impacts provided in 2006 National Park Service Management Policies \n1.4.7.1 that defines unacceptable impacts as impac ts that, individually or cumulatively, would: \n• Be inconsistent with a park’s purposes or values, or Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 38• Impede the attainment of a park’s desired future conditions for natural and cultural \nresources as identified through the park’s planning process, or \n• Create an unsafe or unhealthful environment for visitors or employees, or \n• Diminish opportunities for current or future generations to enjoy, learn about, or be inspired \nby park resources or values, or \n• Unreasonably interfere with: \no Park programs or activities, or \no An appropriate use, or \no The atmosphere of peace and tranquility, or the natural soundscape maintained in \nwilderness and natural, historic, or commemorative locations within the park. \no NPS concessioner or contractor operations or services. \nBy preventing unacceptable impacts, park managers also ensure that the proposed use of park \nresources will not conflict with the conservation of those resources. In this manner, the park \nmanagers ensure compliance with the Organic Act’s separate mandate to conserve park resources and values. \nImpairment \n2006 National Park Service Management Policies requires analysis of potential effects to \ndetermine whether or not actions would impair park resources. The fundamental purpose of the national park system, established by the Organic Act and reaffirmed by the General Authorities Act, as amended, begins with a mandate to conserve park resources and values. National Park Service managers must always seek ways to avoid, or to minimize to the greatest degree practicable, adversely impacting park resources and values. \nHowever, the laws do give the National Park Service the management discretion to allow \nimpacts to park resources and values when necessary and appropriate to fulfill the purposes of a park, as long as the impact does not constitute impairment of the affected resources and values. Although Congress has given the National Park Service the management discretion to allow certain impacts within park, that discretion is limited by the statutory requirement that the National Park Service must leave park resources and values unimpaired, unless a particular law \ndirectly and specifically provides otherwise. The prohibited impairment is an impact that, in the \nprofessional judgment of the responsible Na tional Park Service manager, would harm the \nintegrity of park resources or values. An impact to any park resource or value may, but does not \nnecessarily, constitute an impairment, but an im pact would be more likely to constitute an \nimpairment when there is a major or severe adverse effect upon a resource or value whose \nconservation is: \n• necessary to fulfill specific purposes identified in the establishing legislation or proclamation \nof the park; \n• key to the natural or cultural integrity of the park; or \n• identified as a goal in the park’s general management plan or other relevant NPS planning \ndocuments. \nImpairment may result from National Park Serv ice activities in managing the park, visitor \nactivities, or activities undertaken by concessioners, contractors, and others operating in the \npark. A determination on impairment is made in the Environmental Consequences section for Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 39natural and cultural resource topics. \nThe potential for impairment or unacceptable impacts from the proposed alternatives is provided \nat the end of this analysis of environmental consequences. \nCultural Landscapes \nIntensity Level Definitions \nThe methodology used for assessing impacts is based on how the proposed repairs to the Scenic Drive would affect the Scenic Drive and Fruita cultural landscapes. The thresholds for this impact assessment are as follows: \n \nNegligible \nMinor Moderate Major \nNegligible impacts \nwould be at the \nlowest levels of detection-barely \nperceptible and not \nmeasurable. There \nwould be no change \nto defining features that contribute to \nthe resource’s \nNational Register eligibility. Impacts would not \naffect the character-\ndefining features of a cultural landscape \nor structure listed or \neligible for the \nNational Register. \nImpacts would be detectable but \nwould not diminish \nthe overall integrity of the resource. Moderate impacts \nwould alter a \ncharacter-defining feature(s) of a \ncultural landscape \nand result in \nmeasurable \nchanges, and they could diminish the \noverall integrity of \nthe resource to the extent that its \nNational Register \neligibility would be jeopardized. Major impacts \nwould result from \nsubstantial and highly noticeable \nchanges that would \nalter the character-\ndefining features of \na cultural landscape. These \nimpacts would \ndiminish the overall integrity of the \nresource to the \nextent that it would no longer be eligible \nto be listed in the \nNational Register. \nShort-term ⎯occurs only during project construction \nLong-term ⎯continues after project construction \n \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) \nEffects on the Fruita and the Scenic Drive cult ural landscapes under the no-action alternative \nwould be minor in the short term. In the long-term, impacts would be minor to moderate, and \nadverse. Despite periodic maintenance, the road conditions on the Scenic Drive would continue to deteriorate. The integrity of the landscapes would be visibly diminished due to the damaged roadbed, eroded low water crossings, and clogged or collapsed stone culverts. The integrity of \nthe Scenic Drive, and therefore the settings of both cultural landscapes would be jeopardized \ndue to degradation of their character-defining features. This could ultimately impact the National Register eligibility of these cultural landscapes. \nCumulative Effects:\n Other actions in the park will have negligible impacts to the park’s cultural \nlandscapes. For the erosion control/bank stabilization measures along State Route 24, impacts \nto cultural landscapes are negligible in the short-term and long-term. The development of the \nSleeping Rainbow Ranch as a research facility had negligible impacts on cultural landscapes. Replacing the administration and resources traile rs with permanent structures will also have \nnegligible impact on cultural landscapes within the park. Constructing drainage structures on Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 40Utah SR-24 to return the Fremont River into its natural channel will have negligible impacts to \ncultural landscapes. The impacts of the past, present, and future actions, in combination with the long-term, minor to moderate, adverse impacts of alternative A, would have minor to moderate, adverse impacts on visitor cultural landscapes. \n \nConclusion: Alternative A would have short-term minor adverse impacts, and long-term, minor \nto moderate, adverse impacts on cultural landsc apes. Cumulative impacts would be minor in the \nshort term, minor to moderate in the long term, and adverse. \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) \nAlternative B would have short-term minor adver se impacts on cultural landscapes during road \nrepair and rehabilitation activities. Work on the Scenic Drive roadbed and related drainage structures would visibly impact the character-defining features and the landscape setting during \nthe construction phase. Periodic road maintenance would continue to impact the cultural \nlandscapes of Fruita and the Scenic Drive, but maintenance needs and frequencies would be reduced. \nFollowing construction, the landscape settings and individual character-defining features would \nbe improved and would benefit from alternat ive B. With subgrade improvements, those \nsegments of the road that are affected by subsidence or slumping would no longer require frequent repairs. The selective pavement widening of the S-curves at Grand Wash would occur within the existing road bench. Stone culverts, headwalls and low-water crossings would function properly, and contribute to the integrit y of the Scenic Drive and improve the overall \ncondition of the Fruita and the Scenic Drive landscapes. The setting, design, feeling and overall rustic quality of the Scenic Drive would be maintained. \nCumulative Effects:\n Other actions in the park will have negligible impacts to the park’s cultural \nlandscapes. For the erosion control/bank stabilization measures along State Route 24, impacts \nto cultural landscapes are negligible in the short-term and long-term. The development of the Sleeping Rainbow Ranch as a research facility had negligible impacts on cultural landscapes. Replacing the administration and resources traile rs with permanent structures will also have \nnegligible impact on cultural landscapes. Constructing drainage structures on Utah SR-24 to return the Fremont River into its natural channel will have negligible impacts to cultural landscapes. The impacts of the past, present, and future actions, in combination with the short-term, minor adverse and long term beneficial impacts of alternative B, would have minor adverse and beneficial impacts on cultural landscapes. \n \nConclusion: Alternative B would have short-term minor adverse impacts and long-term \nbeneficial impacts on cultural landscapes. Cumu lative impacts would be short-term, minor, \nadverse, and long-term beneficial. \nSoundscape \nIntensity Level Definitions \nCapitol Reef National Park was established for the benefit and enjoyment of the public. Noise \ncan adversely affect those benefits by intruding upon or disrupting experiences of solitude. \nNoise can also indirectly impact resources by interfering with sounds important for animal \ncommunication, navigation, mating, nurturing, predation, and foraging functions. \nThe methodology used to assess noise impacts in this document is consistent with 2006 \nNational Park Service Management Policies and Director’s Order #47: Soundscape Preservation \nand Noise Management. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 41Context, time, and intensity together determine the level of impact for an activity. It is usually \nnecessary to evaluate all three factors together to determine the level of noise impact. In some cases an analysis of one or more factors may indicate one impact level, while an analysis of another factor may indicate a different impact level, according to the criteria below. In such cases, best professional judgment based on a documented rationale must be used to determine \nwhich impact level best applies to the situation being evaluated. The thresholds for this impact \nassessment are as follows: \n \nNegligible \nMinor Moderate Major \nEffects on the \nnatural sound \nenvironment would be at the level of \ndetection. Changes \nwould be so slight that they would not \nbe of any \nmeasurable or perceptible \nconsequence to the \nvisitor experience or to wildlife. Effects on the \nnatural sound \nenvironment would be detectable, \nalthough the effects \nwould be localized. Impacts would be \nsmall and of little \nconsequence to the visitor experience or \nto wildlife. Mitigation \nmeasures, if needed to offset \nadverse effects, \nwould be simple and successful. Effects on the \nnatural sound \nenvironment would be readily \ndetectable and have \na noticeable effect on the visitor \nexperience and \nwildlife. The impacts would be localized, \nwith few if any \nconsequences at the regional level. \nThere would be \nmeasureable impacts on the local \nwildlife population \nlevel. Mitigation \nmeasures, if \nneeded to offset adverse effects, \nwould be extensive \nand likely successful. Effects on the \nnatural sound \nenvironment would be obvious and \nhave substantial \nconsequences for the visitor \nexperience or for \nwildlife in the region. Extensive \nmitigation measures \nwould be needed to offset any adverse \neffects and success \nwould not be guaranteed. \n \nShort-term - occurs only during the construction period \nLong-term - occurs even after the construction period \n \n \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) \n \nThe no-action alternative would have recurrent, short-term, moderate, adverse impacts on the soundscape. Alternative A would maintain the existing circumstances, in which park staff would continue to clear culverts and roadside drainage ditches, stabilize slopes, patch potholes, and complete other isolated repairs as the need arose. Surface flows would continue to adversely affect the road in some locations, and pavement damage from poor subsurface drainage in \nsome locations would require intermittent repairs. The road would continue to deteriorate, and \nrepair operations and their short-term impacts on the soundscape would become more frequent. \nTypical sound levels from road construction equi pment such as trucks, front loaders, pavers, \ndozers, and graders can be in the range of 63 to 94 dBA at a distance of 100 feet from the \nsound source. Sound levels from light traffic on paved roads range from 45 to 50 dBA at a Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 42distance of 100 feet from the roadway, and the sound level on a totally quiet night in a desert \nwould be around 30 decibels (dBA). \nNoise levels decrease at a rate of approximat ely 6 dBA per doubling of distance from a noise \nsource. For example, if a sound level were 94 dBA at 100 feet, it would be 88 dBA at 200 feet, \nand 82 dBA at 400 feet. The rate of decrease is also dependent upon topography and weather \nconditions, but it is likely that within a mile of the roadway the sound from road repair operations \nwould be greater than the intermittent sounds created by visitors traveling the Scenic Drive. Such sound levels would have a noticeable effect on the visitor experience, disrupting the normally tranquil setting, and on wildlife, impelling some animals to leave or avoid the area. \nCumulative Effects:\n Impacts to the soundscape were minor and adverse in the short-term \nduring erosion control/bank stabilization measures along State Route 24. Noise from traffic \n(e.g., heavy equipment, propane trucks, and vans) occurred during the development of the Sleeping Rainbow Ranch as a research facility, creating short-term, moderate, adverse impacts. \nNoise from outdoor lectures, research activities, and general operations at the research facility now carries to the Pleasant Valley floor, creating long-term, minor, adverse impacts on the soundscape. The work required to replace the existing administration trailer creates short-term, \nminor, adverse impacts on the soundscape, and replacing the resources trailer will have similar \nadverse impacts. It is anticipated that constructing drainage structures on Utah SR-24 to return the Fremont River into its natural channel will have short-term, minor, adverse impacts on the soundscape. Those impacts on the soundscape, in combination with the short-term, moderate, adverse impacts of the no action alternativ e, would have short-term, moderate, adverse, \ncumulative impacts and long-term, minor, adverse, cumulative impacts on the soundscape. \nConclusion:\n The no-action alternative would have s hort-term, moderate, adverse impacts on \nthe soundscape. Cumulative impacts would be short-term, moderate, adverse, and long-term, \nminor, adverse. \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) \nThe preferred alternative would have short-te rm, moderate, adverse impacts and long-term \nbeneficial impacts on the soundscape. The noise levels from road repair operations would be \nvery noticeable to visitors and would adversely affect wildlife in the surrounding area, but the noise would not have an effect on the regional level. However, the rehabilitation and resurfacing of the entire length of the Scenic Drive would reduce the frequency of periodic repairs. With erosion and slumping of the road shoulders repaired, drainage deficiencies and subgrade deficiencies remedied, and repaving of the road with asphalt concrete or chip-sealing, the need \nfor future repairs would be reduced. Noise associated with such road repairs would be \ncorrespondingly reduced. \n Cumulative Effects:\n The cumulative impacts on the soundscape from past, present, and future \nactions (as discussed above in alternative A), in combination with the short-term, moderate, \nadverse impacts and long-term beneficial impacts of the preferred alternative, would have short-\nterm, moderate, adverse, and long-term beneficial cumulative impacts. \nConclusion: The preferred alternative would have s hort-term, moderate, adverse impacts and \nlong-term beneficial impacts on the soundscape. Cumulative impacts would be short-term, \nmoderate, adverse, and long-term beneficial. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 43Geology and Soils \nIntensity Level Definitions \nThe planning team based the impact analysis and the conclusions for possible impacts to \ngeology and soils on the on-site inspection of known and potential resources within the project areas. Where possible, map locations of geological and soils resources were compared with \nlocations of potential areas of impact by the proposed project. The thresholds of change for the \nintensity of an impact are defined as follows: \nNegligible Minor Moderate Major \nThe action would \nresult in a change to geology or soils, but \nthe change would be \nso small that it would barely be of any \nmeasurable or \nperceptible \nconsequence The action would \nresult in a change to geology or soils, but \nthe change would be \nsmall and localized and of little \nconsequence. \nMitigation may be \nneeded to offset \nadverse effects to soils, but they would \nbe simple to \nimplement and would likely be \nsuccessful. The action could \nresult in a change to geology or soils; the \nchange would be \nmeasurable and of consequence. The \neffect on soil would \nbe readily apparent \nand would result in a \nchange to the soil character over a \nrelatively wide area. \nMitigation measures would be needed to \noffset adverse \neffects and would likely be successful. An action that would result in a noticeable change to geology or \nsoils; the change \nwould be measurable and \nresult in a severely \nadverse impact. The \naction would \nsubstantially change the character of the \nsoils over a large \narea in and out of the park. Mitigation \nmeasures would be \nneeded and would be extensive, and \ntheir success could \nnot be guaranteed. \n \nShort-term: There are no short-term impacts to geol ogical resources. Soils would recover in less \nthan 3 years. \nLong-term: All impacts to geological resources would be long-term. It would take more than 3 \nyears to recover from impacts to soils. \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) \nAlternative A would have long-term, minor, adverse impacts on geology and soils because repairs and rehabilitation efforts would not be completed throughout the length of the Scenic \nDrive. Seasonal high water flows in the drainages would sometimes exceed the carrying \ncapacity of culverts and would plug others. The storm waters would be forced from their channels, eroding geologic resources and soils as they find a new flow pathway. Erosion and development of scour holes would continue below culvert outfalls if rock armoring were not installed. \nVehicle pull-outs would not be formalized and rehabilitated throughout the length of the Scenic \nDrive. Visitors would continue to use informal pull-outs, causing erosion, rutting, and \ncompaction. \nCumulative Effects:\n Impacts to soils from erosion control/bank stabilization measures along \nState Route 24 were negligible and adverse in the short-term and beneficial in the long-term. \nImpacts on soils from the development of the Sleeping Rainbow Ranch as a research facility Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 44resulted in a net beneficial effect. Replacement of administrative and research trailers with \npermanent structures will have negligible, l ong-term, adverse impacts on geology and soils. \nReturning the Fremont River to its natural channel will have long-term beneficial impacts on geology and soils. The long-term beneficial impacts of past, present, and future actions, in combination with the long-term, minor, adverse impacts of the no action alternative, would have \nlong-term beneficial cumulative impacts on geology and soils. \n \nConclusion: Alternative A would have long-term, mi nor, adverse impacts on geology and soils. \nCumulative impacts would be long-term beneficial. \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) \nAlternative B would have long-term beneficial impac ts on geology and soils by reducing erosion, \nrutting, and soil compaction throughout the length of the Scenic Drive. Drainage culverts would \nbe replaced and cleaned as needed to better convey runoff flows and prevent erosion. Stone \narmoring would be placed in drainages as needed to prevent erosion and the development of scour holes below culvert outfalls. Vehicle pull-outs would be formalized and rehabilitated throughout the length of the Scenic Drive. Other informal pull-outs would be closed, rehabilitated and revegetated as needed to reduce and prevent erosion, rutting, and compaction along the \nScenic Drive. \nAlternative B would create some long-term mi nor adverse impacts on geology and soils from \nwidening of the travel lanes and excavation of ditches. Near the Capitol Gorge parking area, \nfrom approximately milepost 7.4 to 7.9, the adjac ent hillside would be cut back to create 2:1 to \n3:1 slopes. Drainage ditches would be cut at the toe of the slope alongside the roadway. The roadway would be widened only slightly, if at all. It is estimated that approximately 2,000 to \n2,500 cubic yards of shale, shale residuum soils, and sandstone would be excavated. \nThe subgrade throughout the 8-mile length of the Scenic Drive would be excavated as needed \nin spot locations, and replaced with appropriate fill material. In isolated locations throughout the length of the Scenic Drive the roadway would be widened by 1 to 2 feet, to provide a consistent road width as much as is feasible. \nAn existing earthen ditch at approximately milepos t 1.25, south of the Gifford barn, would be \nimproved to better convey sediment-laden runoff. Options being considered include \nreconstructing and paving the ditch with a consistent cross section and slope to more easily \naccommodate mechanical maintenance, or retaining the current native soil ditch while implementing a schedule of more frequent maintenance. The native soil ditch would be reshaped and hardened with compaction as needed. More analysis will be conducted to \ndetermine the proper solution. Other ditches throughout the length of the Scenic Drive would be \ncleaned, realigned, and widened as necessary to properly convey runoff. \nThere would be more beneficial impacts from the reduction of erosion, rutting and compaction, \nthan adverse impacts, and overall, the impacts of alternative B on geology and soils would be long-term beneficial. \nCumulative Impacts:\n The negligible, adverse short-term and long-term impacts and the long-\nterm beneficial impacts from past, present, and future actions (as discussed above in alternative \nA), in combination with the long-term beneficial impacts of alternative B, would have long-term beneficial cumulative impacts on geology and soils.\n \nConclusion: Alternative B would have long-term beneficial impacts on geology and soils. \nCumulative impacts would be long-term beneficial. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 45Health and Safety \nIntensity Level Definitions \nThe analysis of health and safety considered the effects caused by poor roadway conditions \nand the ability of park visitors to access park facilities along the Scenic Drive. \n \nNegligible Minor Moderate Major \nThe effects on \nhealth and safety would be at the \nlowest levels of \ndetection and would not have an \nappreciable effect \non health or safety. No mitigation \nmeasures would be \nneeded. \n The effects would \nbe detectable but would not have an appreciable effect on health and \nsafety. If \nmitigation were needed, it would be relatively simple and would \nlikely be \nsuccessful. \n The effects would \nbe readily apparent and result in \nsubstantial, \nnoticeable effects to health and safety on \na local scale. \nMitigation measures would probably be \nnecessary and \nwould likely be \nsuccessful. \n The effects would \nbe readily apparent and result in substantial, \nnoticeable effects \nto health and safety on a regional scale. Extensive \nmitigation \nmeasures would be needed, and success would not be guaranteed.\n \n \nShort-term: Impacts that occur during active construction and reclamation activities. \nLong-term: Impacts that occur after construction and related activities are completed. \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) \nAlternative A would have long-term, minor, adv erse impacts on health and safety. Repairs \nwould not be completed concurrently throughout the length of the Scenic Drive. Road repairs \nneeded to protect health and safety would be completed as promptly as funding and staffing levels allowed, but some repairs would have to be deferred. Intermittent repairs at individual locations in the roadway would create minor sa fety hazards for the park staff completing the \nrepairs and for the motorists who encountered the work site. \nExamples of such necessary repairs include worn pavement with ruts in some locations, eroding \nroad shoulders, drainage ditches where retaining walls are needed to prevent erosion of the road bed, plugged or undersized culverts that create drainage and erosion problems that can damage the road surface, and eroded low water crossings. Repairs needed for stone masonry \ndrain headwalls would be delayed. Additionally, the no-action alternative would not correct the \nareas with inconsistent road widths. The safety hazards associated with such road conditions would be noticeable, but would not be substantial except in cases of excessive speed or driver inattention. \n Cumulative Impacts:\n Construction efforts associated with the past, present, and future actions \nof the erosion control/bank stabilization measures along State Route 24, the development of the \nSleeping Rainbow Ranch as a research facility, the replacement of the administration trailer and \nthe resources trailer with permanent buildings, and the construction of drainage structures on Utah SR-24 to return the Fremont River into its natural channel all have created or would create Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 46short-term, minor, adverse impacts on health and safety. Construction of permanent \nadministration and resource buildings will have a long-term beneficial impact on health and \nsafety, because of the potential for hantavirus infection by staff and visitors in the existing trailers. The impacts of the past, present, and future actions in combination with the impacts of the no-action alternative would have long-term, minor, adverse, cumulative impacts on health \nand safety. \n \nConclusion: Alternative A would have long-term, minor, adverse impacts on health and safety. \nCumulative impacts would be long-term, minor, adverse. \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) \nAlternative B would have short-term minor adv erse impacts on health and safety. The adverse \nimpacts would occur due to road repair operations, as motorists approach and pass through the construction area. The adverse impacts would be limited to the construction period. During \nconstruction, a traffic control plan would be implemented to provide visitors with safe driving \nconditions during construction. The traffic contro l plan would include temporary closing of lanes, \nsequencing of construction events to minimize impacts to traffic, and restricting contractor work. Visitors would be notified of changes in traffic patterns, detours, and traffic delays through the \nuse of signs and public notifications. The Scenic Drive would be completely closed for as much \nas a month between Grand Wash and the Capitol Gorge parking area, but it would remain passable by administrative and emergency vehicles . All of these actions would be designed to \nreduce short-term impacts on safety. Routine road maintenance would continue to impact health \nand safety with noise, delays, and diminished visual quality, but maintenance needs and frequencies would be reduced. With these measures, there would be a minor short-term \nadverse impact on safety from changes in traffic patterns, construction activities, and continuing \nroutine maintenance on the Scenic Drive. \nThe correction of existing roadway deficiencies and improved safety features would increase \nsafety for motorists on the Scenic Drive. The long-term impacts would be beneficial. The rustic character of the road would be retained, but visitors would be able to drive more safely on the \nnewly surfaced roadway and repaired low water cro ssings. The improved turning width at the \nFruita Campground would provide a safer traffic flow through there. \nCumulative Impacts:\n The effects of other past, present, and future actions (as discussed above \nin alternative A) would have short-term, minor, adverse impacts and long-term beneficial \nimpacts on health and safety. Those actions, in combination with the short-term minor adverse impacts and beneficial long-term impacts of alter native B, would have short-term minor adverse \nimpacts and beneficial long-term cumulative impacts on health and safety. \nConclusion:\n Alternative B would have short-term minor adverse impacts and beneficial long-\nterm impacts on health and safety. Cumulative impacts would be short-term, minor, adverse and \nlong-term beneficial. \n \nVisitor Use and Experience \nIntensity Level Definitions \nCapitol Reef National Park was established in 1937 for the benefit and enjoyment of the public. \nThe methodology used for assessing impacts to visitor use and experience is based on how the proposed repairs to the Scenic Drive would affect the visitor experience. The thresholds for this \nimpact assessment are as follows: Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 47Negligible Minor Moderate Major \nChanges in visitor \nexperience and recreational resources would be barely \nnoticeable. The \nvisitor would not likely be aware of the effects associated with \nthe action. Changes in visitor \nexperience and recreational resources would be noticeable. \nThe visitor would \nbe aware of the effects associated with the action, but the effects \nwould be slight. Changes in visitor \nexperience and recreational resources would be readily \napparent. The \nvisitor would be aware of the effects associated with the action \nand would likely \nexpress an opinion about the changes. Changes in visitor experience and recreational resources would be readily \napparent and \nseverely adverse or exceptionally beneficial. The visitor would be \naware of the \neffects associated with the action and would likely express a strong \nopinion about the \nchanges. \n \nShort-term: Impact occurs only during project construction Long-term: Impact continues after project construction \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) \nEffects on the visitor and recreation experience under the no-action alternative would be long-term, minor to moderate, and adverse. The road would remain open and visitors would continue \nto have access to park resources, but as roadway conditions continued to deteriorate, periodic \nmaintenance projects would require traffic delays at random times and locations, \ninconveniencing visitors. Roadway conditions would deteriorate to the point that the quality of the visitor experience is diminished from a visibly damaged road, eroded low water crossings, or deterioration of other structural features. \nDriving and recreational experiences such as bike riding would decline due to the poor condition \nof the road surface. Road noise and associated activities during maintenance and repair would \nlikely cause wildlife to avoid the construction areas, reducing visitors’ opportunities for wildlife viewing near the road. Those effects would be noticed by visitors, but the effects would be slight. Effects on the visitor and recreation experience would be long-term, minor, and adverse. \nAs more of the road surface continued to deteriorate, there would be a long-term, moderate, \nadverse effect on visitor use and experience. Visitors would need to focus more on driving, thus \nlimiting their ability to experience the park’s scenery and wildlife. The continued deterioration and increased frequency of maintenance and repairs would convey the impression that the park is poorly maintained, thus diminishing the overall park experience. Visitors would be aware of the effects associated with the deteriorating roadway and would be likely to express an opinion about the conditions. The effects on the visitor and recreation experience would be long-term, \nmoderate, and adverse. \nCumulative Effects:\n For the erosion control/bank stabilization measures along State Route 24, \nimpacts to visitor use and experience were minor and adverse in the short-term, and beneficial \nin the long-term. The development of the Sleeping Rainbow Ranch as a research facility had minor, adverse, long and short-term impacts to visitor use and experience. Replacing the \nadministration and resources trailers with permanent structures will have a long-term beneficial Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 48impact on visitor use and experience. Constructing drainage structures on Utah SR-24 to return \nthe Fremont River into its natural channel will ha ve moderate adverse impacts in the short-term, \nand beneficial impacts in the long-term. The impacts of the past, present, and future actions, in combination with the long-term, minor to moderate, adverse impacts of alternative A, would have long-term and short-term, moderate, adverse impacts on visitor use and experience. \n \nConclusion: Alternative A would have long-term, minor to moderate, adverse impacts, on visitor \nuse and experience. Cumulative impacts would be long-term and short-term, moderate, adverse. \n \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) \nAlternative B would have short-term minor adver se impacts on visitor use and experience during \nroad repair and rehabilitation activities, and it would have long-term minor adverse impacts \nassociated with maintenance activities. However, rehabilitation and resurfacing of the Scenic \nDrive would also have long-term beneficial impacts on visitor use and experience. \nMost of the adverse impacts to visitor use would occur during rehabilitation and resurfacing operations, and would be limited to the construction period. Construction along the roadway would result in minor adverse impacts on visito r use by causing increased levels of noise and \ndust, diminished visual quality, and delays in traveling the length of the road. Noise and other associated activities would likely cause wildlife to avoid the construction areas, reducing visitors’ \nopportunities for wildlife viewing near the road. Construction would also adversely impact noise levels and the visual experience in the surr ounding countryside. Those short- term adverse \nimpacts would be noticeable to visitors, but their effect would be slight. \nConstruction would likely require that the Scenic Drive would be closed between Grand Wash \nand the Capitol Gorge parking area for as long as a month, creating a short-term moderate \nadverse impact on visitor use and experience. Visitors would be very aware of the impact, and would likely express an opinion about it. \nRoad maintenance would continue to impact visitor use and experience with noise, delays, and \ndiminished visual quality, but maintenance needs and frequencies would be reduced. Use of \nstone retaining walls to prevent erosion near the roadway would create a long-term adverse \nimpact to visual quality, by introducing a new and unnatural visual element. The combination of \nintermittent road maintenance activities, combined with the addition of some new retaining walls would create a minor long-term adverse impact to visitor use and experience. \nFollowing construction, the visitor experience would be improved and would benefit from \nalternative B. Access throughout the length of th e Scenic Drive would be improved, because it \nwould be fully paved with asphalt pavement or chip-seal. With subgrade improvements, those \nsegments of the road that are affected by subsidence or slumping would no longer require frequent repairs. Visitors would be able to drive comfortably on the newly surfaced roadway, with increased opportunities to view scenery and wildlife, with less need to focus on road conditions. Paving the parking area at Capitol Gorge would eliminate rutting and the uneven \nsurface there. Access to the comfort station at that parking area would also be improved. \nCumulative Effects:\n The effects of other past, present, and future actions (as discussed above \nin alternative A) would have short-term minor to moderate, adverse impacts, long-term, minor, \nadverse impacts on visitor use and experience, but they have long-term beneficial impacts. \nAlternative B would add a slight increment to the short-term, moderate, adverse impacts, and \nlong-term beneficial cumulative impacts on visitor use and experience. \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 49Conclusion: \nAlternative B would have short-term minor to moderate adverse impacts, long-term minor \nadverse impacts, and long-term beneficial impacts on visitor use and experience. Cumulative \nimpacts would be short-term, moderate, adverse, and long-term beneficial. \nPark Operations and Management \nIntensity Level Definitions \nImplementation of a project can affect the operations of a park such as the number of employees needed; the type of duties that need to be conducted; when/who would conduct \nthese duties; how activities should be conducted; and administrative procedures. For the purpose of this analysis, the human health and safety of park employees is also evaluated. The \nmethodology used to assess potential changes to park operations and management are defined \nas follows: \n \nNegligible \nMinor Moderate Major \nThe effects would \nbe at low levels of \ndetection and \nwould not have an appreciable effect on park operations and management. The effects would be detectable and \nwould be of a \nmagnitude that would not have an appreciable effect on park operations and \nmanagement. If \nmitigation was needed to offset adverse effects, it would be simple \nand likely \nsuccessful. The effects would be readily \napparent and \nwould result in a substantial adverse or beneficial change in park operations \nand management \nin a manner noticeable to staff and the public. Mitigation \nmeasures would \nprobably be necessary to offset adverse effects and would likely be \nsuccessful The effects would \nbe readily \napparent, would \nhave a substantial effect on park operations and management in a manner \nnoticeable to staff \nand the pubic, and would be markedly different from existing \noperations. \nMitigation measures to offset adverse effects would be needed, \nextensive, and \nsuccess could not be guaranteed. \n \nShort-term: Impact occurs only during project construction Long-term: Impact continues after project construction \nImpacts of Alternative A (No-Action Alternative) \nAlternative A would have a long-term moderate adverse impact on park operations and \nmanagement. The effects of the continuing and increasing operational and maintenance \ndemands would be readily apparent and would have a substantial effect on park operations and management in a manner noticeable to staff and the public. The alternative would maintain the existing circumstances in which park staff would continue to clear culverts, stabilize slopes, Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 50patch potholes, repair low water crossings, and complete other isolated repairs as the need \narises. Subsurface flows would continue to adversely affect the road subgrade in some \nlocations. Seasonal surface flows across the road would continue to cause intermittent damage to the pavement. \n The road would continue to deteriorate, and repair costs would continue to escalate. The repair \nefforts needed to offset those adverse effects would likely be successful, but the frequency of \nthose efforts would increase. Temporary road closures for repairs would become more frequent. Staff time required for roadway maintenance of culverts, shoulders, and other road features would increase. \nCumulative Effects:\n Development of the Sleeping Rainbow Ranch as a research facility has \nresulted in a long-term, moderate, adverse impact upon park operations. Replacing the \nadministration and resources trailers with permanent structures would have a long-term beneficial impact on park operations. Constructing drainage structures on Utah SR-24 to return the Fremont River into its natural channel would have no impact on park operations. The effects of those past, present, and future actions, in combination with the long-term, moderate, adverse impacts of the no-action alternative, would have a long-term, moderate, adverse cumulative \nimpact on park operations and management. \nConclusion:\n Alternative A would have long-term, moderate, adverse impacts on park operations \nand management. Cumulative impacts would be long-term, moderate, and adverse. \nImpacts of Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) \nAlternative B would have a short-term, minor, adverse impact and a long-term, minor, adverse \nimpact, as well as a long-term beneficial impact on park operations and management. The \nprocess of planning for and assisting in the completion of the repair and rehabilitation of the \nScenic Drive would require time and attention from park staff, which would add to their workloads. Travel on the Scenic Drive would be impeded during road rehabilitation and resurfacing activities. Those impacts would end when construction was finished. Those minor short-term impacts would be detectable, but would not have an appreciable effect on park \noperations and management. \nIf the rehabilitation and resurfacing of the Scenic Drive proposed in alternative B were \ncompleted, maintenance workloads and costs would decrease, creating a long-term beneficial impact. A newly paved roadway would require fewer periodic repairs; there would be no \nunpaved segments of roadway to maintain. Da mage caused by subsurface seepage in the \nroadway subgrade and seasonal flows across the road pavement would be eliminated. \nCumulative Effects\n The effects of other past, present, and future actions (as discussed above in \nalternative A) would have long-term, moderate, adverse and long-term beneficial impacts on \npark operations and management. The long-term benef icial impacts and short-term and long-\nterm, minor, adverse impacts of alternative B would add a small increment to the long-term, moderate, adverse cumulative impacts on visitor use and experience. \nConclusion:\n Alternative B would have short- term and long-term, minor, adverse impacts, as \nwell as a long-term beneficial impact on park operations and management. Cumulative impacts \nwould be long-term, moderate, and adverse. \nUnacceptable Impacts and Impairment \nUnacceptable impacts are those that fall short of impairment, but are still not acceptable within a \nparticular park’s environment. Neither alternative creates unacceptable impacts. Both alternatives are consistent with the park’s purposes and values. The park was established for Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 51resource protection and visitor enjoyment and both alternatives protect resources to the \nmaximum extent possible and provide opportunities for visitor enjoyment. Neither alternative \nimpedes the attainment of the parks’ desired future conditions as this project is consistent with previous planning efforts. \nUnder either alternative, visitors and employees would continue to have opportunities to enjoy, \nlearn about, or be inspired by park resources and values in a safe and healthful environment. \nBoth alternatives provide for the resurfacing and repair of the Scenic Drive in ways that do not unreasonably interfere with park programs, an appropriate use, the natural atmosphere, or concessioner activities. \nAs described at the beginning of this discussion of Environmental Consequences, the NPS’ \nthreshold for considering whether there could be an impairment is based on major (or \nsignificant) effects. The analysis of effects on cultural landscapes, soundscape, geology and soils, health and safety, visitor use and experience, and park operations and management determined that there would be no major adverse effects under either alternative; adverse effects were analyzed as negligible to moderate. Guided by this analysis and the superintendent’s professional judgment, ther e would be no impairment of park resources and \nvalues from implementation of either alternative. Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 52CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION \nInternal Scoping \nInternal scoping was conducted by an interdiscipli nary team of professionals from Capitol Reef \nNational Park, Intermountain Region Office, the DSC, and CFLHD. Interdisciplinary team \nmembers met at the park on February 10 and 11, 2009, to discuss the purpose and need for the \nproject; existing conditions, and potential alternatives. An environmental screening form was \ncompleted by park staff in May 2009 to consider potential effects on park resources and to identify the appropriate NEPA document for analyzing those potential effects. The appropriate NEPA document was identified as an EA. On October 20, 2009 staff from the park, DSC, and CFLHD reviewed conditions along the Scenic Drive again, to consider repair and rehabilitation \nprocedures, potential environmental impacts, and possible mitigation measures. The team also \nconsidered past, present, and reasonably foreseeable projects that may have cumulative effects, gathered background information, and discussed public outreach for the project. \nAgency Consultation \nIn accordance with the Endangered Species Act, the National Park Service contacted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) with regards to federally listed special status species. The USFWS concurred with the NPS opinion that the proposed project is not likely to adversely affect any protected species, and is not likely to adversely modify critical habitat of the Mexican spotted owl. The NPS consultation letter and the USFWS concurrence are included in Appendix A of this EA. \nIn accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, the NPS provided the \nUtah SHPO an opportunity to comment on the effects of this project through submittal of separate documentation. A consultation letter was sent to the SHPO by the park on January 22, 2010. On January 28, the SHPO concurred that sites that are eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places would not be adversely affected by the proposed project. The \nconsultation letter with signed concurrence by the SHPO is included as Appendix B of this EA. \nNative American Consultation \nCopies of the EA will be sent to Native American tribes during the public review period, \ninlcuding: \n• Hopi Indian Tribe \n• Kaibab Paiute Indian Tribe of Arizona \n• Navajo Nation \n• Paiute Indian Tribes of Utah \n• San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe \n• Southern Ute Indian Tribe \n• Uintah and Ouray Ute Tribe \n• Ute Mountain Ute Tribe \n• White Mesa Ute \nEnvironmental Assessment Review and List of Recipients \nThe environmental assessment will be released for public review in February 2010. To inform \nthe public of the availability of the environm ental assessment, the National Park Service will \npublish and distribute a letter or press release to local media outlets. Copies of the Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 53environmental assessment will be provided to in terested individuals, upon request. Copies of \nthe document will also be available for review at the park’s visitor center and on the internet at \nhttp://parkplanning.nps.gov/care. \nThe environmental assessment is subject to a 30- day public comment period. During this time, \nthe public is encouraged to submit their written comments to the National Park Service address \nprovided at the beginning of this document. Following the close of the comment period, all \npublic comments will be reviewed and analyzed, prior to the release of a decision document. The National Park Service will issue responses to substantive comments received during the public comment period, and will make appropriate changes to the environmental assessment, as needed. \nList of Preparers \nFrom the National Park Service, Capitol Reef National Park, Torrey, Utah: \n• Al Hendricks, Superintendent \n• Riley Mitchell, Chief of Interpretation \n• Scott Brown, Chief Ranger \n• Linda Richards, Facility Manager \n• Dave Worthington, Chief, Resource Management and Science \n• Sandy Borthwick, Biologist \n• Cameron Cox, Archeological Technician \nFrom the National Park Service, Denver Service Center: \n• Cam Hugie, Project Manager \n• Lee Terzis, Cultural Resource Specialist \n• Jesse Van Horne, Project Specialist, Landscape Architect \n• Steven Hoffman, Natural Resource Specialist \nFrom the Federal Highway Administration, Central Federal Lands Highway Division: \n• Christopher Longley, Project Manager \nFrom Parsons Brinckerhoff • Steven Morgan, Project Manager \n• Larry Nechanicky, Project Engineer \n• Colin Haggerty, Drainage Engineer \n Resurface the 8-Mile Scenic Drive Road Environmental Assessment \n \n \n \nCapitol Reef National Park 54References \nUSFWS 1979 Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States \nCowardin et al. \nNPS 1985 General Management Plan and Development Concept Plan, Capitol Reef National Park, 1985. \nNPS 2001 Record of Decision, Final General Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement, Capitol Reef National Park, 2001 \nNPS 2006 Management Policies , National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. \nNPS 2008 Capitol Reef National Park Visitor Study. Capitol Reef National Park, Utah . \nNPS 2008 National Park Service Procedural Manual #77-1: Wetland Protection \nNPS 2008 National Park Service Procedural Manual #77-2: Floodplain Management \nFHWA 2009 Preliminary Design Study Report, Draft, Capitol Reef National Park, Wayne \nCounty. \nBonnifield, J. Archeological Inventory of the Scenic Drive Road Project in Capitol Reef \n2009 National Park, Utah. \n \n \n \n \n \n \nAPPENDIX A \n \n \n \n \nU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Consultation \nand Concurrence Documentation \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nAPPENDIX B \n \n \n \n \nUtah State Historic Preservation Office \nConsultation and Concu rrence Documentation \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n As the nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has the responsibility for \nmost of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering sound use of \nour land and water resources; protecting our fish, wildlife, and biological diversity; preserving the \nenvironmental and cultural values of our national parks and historic places; and providing for the \nenjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The department assesses our energy and mineral \nresources and works to ensure that their developm ent is in the best interests of all our people by \nencouraging stewardship and citizen participation in their care. The department also has a major \nresponsibility for Native American reservation communities and for people who live in island territories \nunder U.S. Administration. \n \nNPS D158/100327 February 2010 \n \nUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service \n \n "
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"pdf_file": "YAHGIFMMSIKCA46JFMWO52HZ7YSVKKIL.pdf",
"text": " \n \nCL-574C 9/09 Page 1of 4 \n \n \nADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES CREDENTIAL \nFOR ADMINISTRATORS PREPARED IN CALIFORNIA \n \nCalifornia has a two-tier credential st ructure. A five-year preliminary cred ential is the first credential issued \nafter an individual meets basic credential requirements . A clear credential is issued when all credential \nrequirements have been completed. \nThe Administrative Services Credential authorizes the hol der to provide the following services in grades 12 and \nbelow, including preschool, and in cl asses organized primarily for adults: \n• Develop, coordinate, and a ssess instructional programs \n• Evaluate certificated an d classified personnel \n• Provide students’ discipline, including but not limited to, suspension and expulsion \n• Provide certificated and classi fied employees discipline, incl uding but not limited to, suspension, \ndismissal, and reinstatement \n• Supervise certificated and classified personnel \n• Manage school site, district, or county level fiscal services \n• Recruit, employ, and as sign certificated and classified personnel \n• Develop, coordinate, and s upervise student support se rvices, including but not limited to extracurricular \nactivities, pupil pers onnel services, health services, library services, and technology suppor t services \nAn individual must hold an Administrative Services Credential to provide the following services in grades \npreschool, K-12 and adults: \n• Evaluate the quality and effectiveness of inst ructional services at the school site level \n• Evaluate of certificated personnel employed at the school site level, with the exceptio n of the site \nadministrator \n• Student and certificated personne l employee discipline services at the school site level \n \nIndividuals Prepared Outside of California \nIndividuals prepared out-of-state or in a country other than the U.S. or U.S. territory should refer to \nCommission leaflet CL-574 , entitled Administrative Services Credentials fo r Individuals Prepared Out-of-State . \n \nRequirements for the Five-Year Preliminary Credential \nIndividuals must satisfy all the following requirements: \n1. Possess one of the following: \na. A valid California teaching credential requir ing a baccalaureate degree and a program of \nprofessional preparation, including student teaching \nb. A valid California Designated Subjects Teaching Cr edential provided the applicant also possesses a \nbaccalaureate degree State Of California \nCommission On Teacher Credentialing \nBox 944270 \nSacramento, CA 94244-2700 \n(888) 921-2682 \nE-mail: credentials@ctc.ca.gov \nWebsite: www.ctc.ca.gov \n \nCL-574C 9/09 Page 2of 4c. A valid California Pupil Personnel Services Cred ential, Teacher Librarian Services Credential, \nSpeech-Language Pathology Services Credential, Clinic al or Rehabilitative Serv ices Credential, or a \nSchool Nurse Services Credential (Clear or Professional Clear leve l only), requiring a baccalaureate \ndegree and a program of professi onal preparation, including fiel d practice or the equivalent. \nd. Holders of the Preliminary School Nurse Services Cr edential or any of the other Health Services \nCredentials, such as the school physician, dentist, dental hygienist, optometri st, clinical psychologist, \nand psychiatric social worker, do not meet this requirement. \n2. Complete one of the following: \na. A Commission-approved program of specialized and professional pr eparation in administrative \nservices resulting in the formal reco mmendation of the program sponsor or, \nb. A one-year Commission-a pproved administrative services in ternship program consisting of \nsupervised in-service training resulting in the formal recommendation by th e California college or \nuniversity where the program was completed or, \nc. Achieve a passing score of 173 on the School Lead ers Licensure Assessment (SLLA), numbered \n1010, examination administered by Edu cational Testing Service (ETS). \n\u0000 Passing examination scores must be used for cr edentialing purposes within five years of the \npassing exam date. \n\u0000 Individuals who pass the SLLA numbered 1010 may apply directly to the Commission for the \ncredential. \n\u0000 Please include an original score report showing passage of the ex amination with the application. \n\u0000 For more information about test content and special administration test dates for the SLLA \nnumbered 1010, please see the California section of the ETS web site at \nwww.ets.org/sls/slsaboutslla.html . \n\u0000 California is NOT ACCEPTING SLLA, numbered 1011, towards certification \n3. Satisfy the basic skills requirement . See Commission leaflet CL-667 , entitled Basic Skills Requirement, \nfor additional information. \n4. Complete three years of full-time experience (see Terms and Definitions) \n5. Verify employment in an administrative position on form CL-777 (An individual who has completed \nrequirements 1–4 above but does not have an offer of employment in an administrative position may \napply for a Certificate of Eligibility, which verifies completion of all requirements for the preliminary \ncredential and authorizes the holder to seek employment as an administrator.) \n \nTerm of the Preliminary Credential \nThe valid period of the Admini strative Services Credential is limited by the expiration date of the prerequisite \ncredential. The administrative credentia l will expire with and may be renewe d with the prerequisite credential \nby submitting an application ( form 41-4 ) and processing fee . However, if the prerequisite credential is valid for \nthe full five year period from the issuance date of the preliminary administrative credential, the administrative \ncredential will be valid for the full five year period upon issuance. For this reason, it may take one complete \nrenewal cycle to align the da tes of the prerequisite and administrative credentials. By the end of the five-year \npreliminary period, the holder must meet th e requirements for the clear credential. \n \n \n \n \nCL-574C 9/09 Page 3of 4Requirements for the Clear Credential \nIndividuals must satisfy all of the following requirements: \n1. Possess a valid Preliminary Administrative Serv ices Credential (see Terms and Definitions) \n2. Verify a minimum of two years of successful expe rience in a full-time administrative position in a \nCalifornia public school, nonpublic school, or private school of equi valent status, while holding the \nPreliminary Administrative Services Credential. \n3. Complete one of the following: \na. Obtain the recommendation of a Commission-appr oved program verifying completion of an \nindividualized program of advanced preparation designed in cooperation w ith your employer and the \nprogram sponsor. \nb. A State Board of Education-appr oved Administrator Training Pr ogram. Verification of program \ncompletion (Modules 1, 2 and 3) must be submitted with the individual’s dire ct application to the \nCommission. (Information on the Administrator Training Program, including approved programs \nand providers, may be accessed through the Calif ornia Department of Education’s website at \nwww.cde.ca.gov .) \nc. Meet Mastery of Fieldwork Performance Sta ndards through a Commissi on-approved program. \nColleges and universities with approved programs leading to a Clear Admi nistrative Services \nCredential may offer a streamlined assessment option to candidates to allow candidates to forego the \ncourse work component of the program and allow them to demonstrate their knowledge, skills and \nabilities through the assessment co mponent of the program. \n\u0000 The assessment must result in formal recommenda tion for the credential and the application for \nthe credential based on this evaluation must be submitted by the college or university that \nconducted the evaluation. \nd. A Commission-approved alternative program based on Commission-adopted guidelines resulting in \na formal recommendation from the program sponsor. \n\u0000 The application must be submitted by the program sponsor via the online application submission \nprocess. \ne. A Commission-approved performance assessment, when available \n \nTerm of the Clear Credential \nThe term of the clear credential may not exceed five calendar years and may be lim ited to expire with the \nprerequisite credential (see Terms and Definitions ). The clear credential is renewable online. \n \nAppeal for Extension \nThe holder of a Preliminary Administrative Services Credential who needs additional time to complete the \nAdministrator Training Program re quirements may be issued a two-ye ar extension upon submission of an \napplication ( form 41-4 ) marked clearly as an appeal, the application processing fee , and a letter on official \nletterhead from the Administrator Traini ng Program provider verifying enrollment. \n \n \nIndividuals not enrolled in an Administrator Traini ng Program who need additional time to complete program \nrequirements for any of the remaining options ou tlined above may request a one-year extension upon \nsubmission of an application ( form 41-4 ) marked clearly as an appeal, the application processing fee , and a \nletter on official letterhead from th e program provider verifying enrollment. \n \n \nCL-574C 9/09 Page 4of 4TERMS AND DEFINITIONS \n \nAdministrative Experience \nTwo years of successful full-time out-of-state administrativ e service must be completed in a state other than \nCalifornia while serving in a public school. Verification of experience mu st be on the district or employing \nagency letterhead and signed by the supe rintendent, assistant supe rintendent, director of personnel, or director \nof human resources. School or dist rict personnel other than the applic ant must verify all experience. \n \nExperience \nThree years of successful, full-time experience in a public school, nonpubl ic school, or private school of \nequivalent status. This experience may be teaching, pupil personnel work, librarianship, health services, or \nclinical or rehabilitative services. Substitute or part-time service does not apply. \n \nFull-Time Service \nFull-time service means service for at least a minimum of four hours per day for three -fourths of the total days \nin the school year. Substitute or part-time service does not apply. \n \nPrerequisite Teaching Credential \nFor the purposes of an Administrative Services Credenti al, a prerequisite credential is defined as a valid \ncredential. An elementary, secondary or special edu cation teaching credential, a Pupil Personnel Services \nCredential, a Teacher Librarian Se rvices Credential, a Speech-Language Pathology Services Credential, a \nClinical or Rehabilitative Services Credential, a School Nurse Services Cr edential (Clear or Professional Clear \nlevel only) meet this requirement. A Designated Subj ects Teaching Credential and a baccalaureate degree, in \nwhich case the individual will be required to obtain and possess a valid equivalent California credential issued by the Commission. \n \nHolders of the Preliminary School Nurse Services Credential or any of the other Health Services Credentials, \nsuch as the school physician, dentist, dental hygienist, opt ometrist, clinical psychologis t, and psychiatric social \nworker, do not meet this requirement. \n \nRigorous Performance Evaluation \nRigorous performance evaluations must be submitted with a verification of their authenticity given in writing by \na personnel officer in the district in which the evaluations took place. The evaluations must have been in each of \nthe two last years serving as an administrator. Ev aluation ratings must be sa tisfactory or better. The \nperformance evaluations need to include all of the following: \n1. Demonstration of leadership skills \n2. Verification of leadership in program im plementation and inst ructional practices \n3. Implementation of effective procedur e for smooth operations of the school \n4. Evidence of self-motivation and continuous profe ssional development and the updating of skills in \nadministration \n \nValid Preliminary Administrative Services Credential \nFor the purposes of the Administrative Serv ices Credential, the term “valid” means that the holder met the requirements to \nhave held the preliminary credential which afforded the indi vidual the opportunity to gain the necessary experience and to \ncomplete academic requirements to earn the clear credential. It does not mean that the document must be active date-wise \nwhen applying for the clear credential. \n \nReference: Title 5, California Code of Regulations 80054 \nClick here for Professional Preparation Prog rams for Administrative Services Credentials or visit the Commission’s website at \nwww.ctc.ca.gov "
} |
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"pdf_file": "B4BDQGQ5WNDFTCQP46PNPZW2DUJ56GJH.pdf",
"text": "Social Security\nwww.socialsecurity.gov/policyfor December 2005State Statistics\nProgram Data\nSocial Security\nThe Social Security program—Old-Age, Survivors, \nand Disability Insurance (OASDI)—provides monthly \nbenefits to workers and their families when the worker \nretires, dies, or becomes disabled. The amount of the \nworker’s retirement insurance (old-age) or disability \nbenefit is based on the worker’s level of earnings in \nemployment or self-employment covered by the Social \nSecurity program. Monthly benefits are payable to retired workers at age 62 (with reduced benefits) or to \ndisabled workers at any age. The benefit amount for an \nauxiliary or survivor beneficiary is based on a percent -\nage of the worker’s benefit. Auxiliary and survivor \nbeneficiaries must generally meet an age, disability, or \nchild care requirement.\nA total of 48,445,900 persons received benefits \nfor December 2005. This number included 30,474,930 retired workers, 4,746,780 widows and widowers, \n6,510,420 disabled workers, 2,681,460 wives and hus -\nbands, and 4,032,310 children. Social Security benefi -\nciaries represented 15.9 percent of the total population and 90.3 percent of the population aged 65 or older.\nRetired workers received an average monthly ben -\nefit of $1,002; widows and widowers, $941 (nondis -\nabled widows and widowers, $967); disabled workers, \n$938; and wives and husbands of retired and disabled \nworkers, $484. Average benefits for children of retired, \ndeceased, and disabled workers were $493, $656, and \n$278, respectively.\nMonthly benefits for December 2005 totaled \n$44.4 billion. Of this amount, $32.0 billion was paid \nto retired workers and their spouses and children, $5.7 billion to survivors, and $6.6 billion to disabled \nworkers and their spouses and children. Average and total monthly benefits include the 4.1 percent cost-of-living increase effective December 2005.\nIn Wyoming, benefits were paid to 84,240 per\n-\nsons. This number included 55,670 retired workers, 7,470 widows and widowers, 10,070 disabled workers, 4,710 wives and husbands, and 6,320 children. Social Security beneficiaries represented 16.0 percent of the total population of the state and 94.6 percent of the state’s population aged 65 or older.\nRetired workers in Wyoming received an aver -\nage of $999 per month; widows and widowers, $984; \ndisabled workers, $936; and wives and husbands of \nretired and disabled workers, $512. Average benefits \nfor children were $567 for children of retired workers, \n$669 for children of deceased workers, and $279 for \nchildren of disabled workers.\nMonthly benefits for December 2005 totaled \n$78 million. Of this amount, $58 million was paid \nto retired workers and their spouses and children, $10 million to survivors, and $10 million to disabled \nworkers and their spouses and children.\nSupplemental Security Income\nSupplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal cash \nassistance program that provides monthly payments to \nlow-income aged, blind, and disabled persons in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Northern \nMariana Islands. The program is based on nationally \nuniform eligibility standards and payment levels. The \nfederal SSI payment is determined by the recipient’s \ncountable income, living arrangement, and marital status. As of January 2006, the maximum monthly fed\n-\neral SSI payment for an individual living in his or her \nown household and with no other countable income is \n$603, and for a couple, $904.\nA state may supplement the payment levels of all \nor selected categories of recipients. These supplemen -\ntal payments may be administered by the state or the \nSocial Security Administration.\nIn December 2005, 7,113,879 persons received \nfederally administered SSI payments: 1,214,296 were \naged and 5,899,583 were disabled or blind. A total of 1,994,511 recipients were aged 65 or older, 4,082,870 were aged 18 to 64, and 1,036,498 were under the age \nof 18.\nThe total number of persons receiving a Social \nSecurity payment, a federally administered SSI pay -\nment, or both was 53,059,074. Federally administered payments totaled $3.4 billion in December 2005: $3 billion in federal SSI payments and $366 million in Wyoming 10\u0018 State Statistics, December \u0018005state supplements. The average federally administered \npayment was $439. Aged persons averaged $360, and \ndisabled and blind persons, $455.\nIn addition, 551,814 persons in 31 states received \nstate-administered payments in December 2005 that \ntotaled $69.8 million.\nIn Wyoming, 5,797 persons—441 aged and 5,356 \ndisabled and blind—received federally administered SSI payments in December 2005. A total of 874 recipi\n-\nents were aged 65 or older, 4,092 were aged 18 to 64, \nand 831 were under the age of 18.\nFederal SSI payments totaled $2.5 million. The av -\nerage federal payment was $377 overall: $177 for aged \nrecipients and $393 for disabled and blind recipients. In addition, 2,769 persons in Wyoming received state-administered supplementation in December 2005 that \ntotaled $56,000.\nIn December 2005, the total number of persons in \nWyoming receiving a Social Security benefit, a feder -\nally administered SSI payment, or both was 87,750.\nEarnings and Employment\nSocial Security\nNationally, in 2004, the latest year for which state data are available, an estimated 157.0 million per\n-\nsons worked in employment that was covered un -\nder the Social Security (Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) and Disability Insurance (DI)) program. They earned $4.5 trillion in Social Security \ntaxable earnings. Employees, employers, and the self-employed paid a total of $563 billion in Social \nSecurity taxes to the OASI and DI trust funds.\nIn Wyoming in 2004, an estimated 315,000 resi -\ndents worked in employment covered under the Social Security program. They had $7.87 billion in Social \nSecurity taxable earnings. Employees, employers, and the self-employed paid a total of $976 million in \nSocial Security taxes.Medicare\nNationally, in 2004, the latest year for which state data are available, an estimated 160.7 million persons \nworked in employment that was covered under the \nMedicare (Hospital Insurance, or HI) program. They earned $5.6 trillion in Medicare taxable earnings. \nEmployees, employers, and the self-employed paid a total of $161 billion in Medicare taxes to the HI trust \nfund.\nIn Wyoming in 2004, an estimated 318,000 resi -\ndents worked in employment covered under the Medicare program. They had $9.22 billion in Medicare \ntaxable earnings. Employees, employers, and the self-employed paid a total of $267 million in Medicare \ntaxes.\nState Statistics is an annual publication of the Social Security \n Administration’s Office of Policy. Angela Y . Harper was \nresponsible for programming, processing, and compiling the \ndata.\nSOURCE: The data are from the Social Security \nAdministration’s administrative files. Program data for Social Security are from the Master Beneficiary Record, 10 percent \nsample; data for SSI are from the Supplemental Security Record, 100 percent data, and data reported by individual states; earnings and employment data are from the Master Earnings File, 1 percent sample.\nCONTACTS:\nSocial Security data, angela.y.harper@ssa.gov \nor 410-966-9541.\nSSI data, arthur.l.kahn@ssa.gov or 410-965-0186.\nEarnings and employment data, greg.k.diez@ssa.gov \nor 410-965-0153.•\n•\n•\nSocial Security Administration \nOffice of Policy \nOffice of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics \n500 E Street, SW, 8th Floor \nWashington, DC 20254\nSSA Publication No. 13-11709 \nApril 2007"
} |
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"text": "Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \n 20 Largest Unsecured Creditors Form 104 or Form 204 Other BK \n2004 Examination Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAbstention Under Title 11 U.S.C. § 305 or 28 U.S.C. \n§1334(c) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAccess to Debtor’s Tax Information Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAcknowledgement of Request for Transcript of \nTestimony Appeal \nAddendum to Record on Appeal Appeal BK \nAdequate Protection Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAffidavit Other BK \nAffidavit/Certificate of Service Other BK \nAffidavit/Certificate of Service of Tax \nInformation to Debtor Other BK \nAffidavit/Certificate of Service of Tax \nInformation to Requestor Other BK \nAffidavit in Opposition Answer/Response \nAffidavit in Support Answer/Response \nAffidavit of Service Re: Rule 3002 Only Claims Action BK \nAffirmation in Opposition Answer/Response \nAffirmation in Support Answer/Response \nAffirmation of Compliance Other BK \nAffirmation of Non-Compliance Other BK \nAgreed Statement in Lieu of Record on Appeal Appeal BK \nAllow Claims Motions/Applications/Presentments \n1 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \nAmended Chapter 9 Plan Plan BK \nAmended Chapter 11 Plan Plan BK \nAmended Chapter 11 Small Business Plan Plan BK \nAmended Chapter 13 Plan Plan BK \nAmended Disclosure Statement Plan BK \nAmended Disclosure Statement for Chapter 11 \nSmall Business Plan BK \nAmended List of Creditors Other BK \nAmended Notice of Motion/Presentment (use to correct \ndate, time or location of a presentment/hearing on \nmotion) Notice BK \nAmended Schedule(s), Statement(s) and Affidavit \nLR1009 -1(a) (Fee Due) Other BK \nAmended Schedule(s), Statement(s) and Affidavit \nLR1009 -1(a) (No Fee) Other BK \nAppellant Designation Appeal BK \nAppellant Designation & Statement of Issues Appeal BK \nAppellee Designation Appeal BK \nApplication for Appointment of Pro Bono Mediation \nAdvocate with Declaration of Support Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApplication for Pro Bono Mediation with Affidavit \nof Financial Need Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApplication Seeking a Discharge in Chapter 11 Case Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApplication to Amend Caption/Name Only Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApplication to Approve Settlement of Matter Referred \n to Pro Bono Mediation Motions/Applications/Presentments \n2 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \nApplication to Correct Social Security Number(s) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApplication to Have the Chapter 7 Filing Fee Waived \n(IFP) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAppoint Creditor’s Committee (Application) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAppoint Examiner Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAppoint Trustee Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAppointment of Consumer Privacy \nOmbudsman (Application) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAppointment of Patient Care Ombudsman (Application) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApproval of Reaffirmation Agreement Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApprove Stipulation Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApproving Loan Modification Motions/Applications/Presentments \nApproving Modification of Confirmed Plan (All \nChapters) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAssume/Reject Lease or Executory Contract Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAttachment to Voluntary Petition – Non-Individuals Ch \n11 Other BK \nAuthority to Obtain Credit Under Section 364 Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAuthorize/Direct Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAvoid Lien Motions/Applications/Presentments \nAvoid Lien on Household Goods Motions/Applications/Presentments \nBalance Sheet for Small Business Other BK \nBond Other BK \nBorrow Motions/Applications/Presentments \n3 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \nBrief Other BK \n Cancel Meeting of Creditors Motions/Applications/Presentments \n Cash Flow Statement for Small Business Other BK \n Certificate as to Balloting Other BK \n Certificate of Credit Counseling Other BK \n Certification of Cure of Entire Residential Judgment Other BK \n Certificate of Financial Management Course Other Bk \n Certification of No Transcript Ordered Appeal BK \n Certification of Protection of Property from Damage Other BK \n Certification of Rule 26f Conference Other BK \n Change Venue/ Inter -District Transfer [Between \n Districts] (BK) Motions/Applications/Presentments \n Chapter 7 Means Test Calculation Form 122A-2 Other BK \nChapter 7 Stmts – Month Income (122A -1)/Exemption \nPresumption of Abuse 122A- Supp) 12/1/15 (Means Test) Other BK \n Chapter 9 Plan Plan BK \n Chapter 11 Ballots Other BK \n Chapter 11 Plan Plan BK \n Chapter 11 Small Business Plan Plan BK \n Chapter 11 Statement of Quarterly Disbursements \n Post Confirmation Other BK \n Chapter 11 Statement of Your Current Monthly \n Income Form 1 22B (Means Test) Other BK \n Chapter 12 Plan Plan BK \n4 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n Chapter 13 Calculation of Your Disposable Income \n Form 122C -2 (Means Test) \n Other BK \n \n \nChapter 13 Debtor’s Certifications Regarding \nDomestic Support Obligations and § 522(q) \n \nOther BK \nChapter 13 Plan Filed After Commencement (Not to \nbe Used to File an Amended Chapter 13 Plan) \n Plan BK \n Chapter 13 Plan With Petition \nPlan BK \n \n Ch13 Statement of Your Current Monthly Income \n and Calc of Commitment Prd Form 122C-1 (Means \n Test) \n \nOther BK \n \nChapter 15 Service List \nOther BK \n \nCivil Cover Sheet \nAppeal BK \n \nCompel \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nCompel Abandonment (Fee Due) \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nCompensation (Application) \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nCompromise Controversy \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nConditional Use of Cash Collateral \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nConfirm Termination or Absence of Stay \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nContempt \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nContinuation of Utility Service \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nContinue Hearing \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nContinue/Extend/Reimpose Stay \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n \nConvert Case 11 to 7 (Fee Due) \nMotions/Applications/Presentments \n5 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \nConvert Case 13 to 11 (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nConvert Case 13 to 7 (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nConvert Case 7 to 11(Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nConvert Case to 12 Motions/Applications/Presentments \nConvert Case to 13 Motions/Applications/Presentments \nCosts/Atty Fees Motions/Applications/Presentments \nCross Appeal (Fee Due) Appeal BK \nDamages for Creditor Misconduct Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDeclaration Other BK \nDeclaration About Individual Debtor ’s Schedules \n(Form 106Dec) \n \n \n \n \n \n Other BK \nDeclaration of Exemption from Means Test Other BK \nDeclaration Under Penalty of Perjury for Non -\nIndividual Debtors (Form 202) Other BK \nDeconsolidate Case Association Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDelay Discharge Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDeposit Funds into Court Registry Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDeposit Unclaimed Funds (Application) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDetermine Final Cure and Mortgage Payment re: \nRule 3002.1 Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDetermine Mortgage Fees and Expenses Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDetermine Tax Liability Motions/Applications/Presentments \n6 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \nDirect Appeal to Court of Appeals Appeal BK \nDisclosure Statement Plan BK \nDisclosure Statement for Chapter 11 Small Business Plan BK \nDismiss Case Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDismiss Case (Court Only - Generates Notice) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDismiss Party Motions/Applications/Presentments \nDismiss/Withdraw Document Motions/Applications/Presentments \nEmploy (Application) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nEmployee Income Record Cover Sheet Other BK \nEmployee Income Records/Copies of Pay Statements Other BK \nEnter Individual Creditors Creditor Maintenance (BK) \nEnter Into Agreement Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExemption from Means Test Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExhibit Other BK \nExpenses Re: Family Violence Protection Services Other BK \nExpunge Document(s) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExtend Automatic Stay Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExtend Deadline to File Schedules Motions/Applications/Presentments \n7 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \nExtend/Limit Exclusivity Period Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExtend Plan Payments Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExtend Time Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExtend Time for a Temporary Exemption from \nCredit Counseling Requirement Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExtend Time to Appeal Under Rule 8002c Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExtend Time to Object to Discharge (Only) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nExtension of Time Re: Transcript Motions/Applications/Presentments \nFile a Proof of Claim File Claims (BK) \nFile Amended Proof of Claim Motions/Applications/Presentments \nFile Claim After Claims Bar Date Motions/Applications/Presentments \nFindings of Fact and Conclusions of Law Other BK \nHardship Discharge Motions/Applications/Presentments \nImpose Automatic Stay Motions/Applications/Presentments \nInterrogatories Other BK \nIntervene Motions/Applications/Presentments \nInitial Statement of Eviction Judgment (Form 101A) Other BK \nIntra -District Transfer [Between Offices in the \nSame District] BK Motions/Applications/Presentments \nInvoluntary Answer Other BK \nInvoluntary Creditor List Other BK \n8 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \nInvoluntary Summons Service Executed Other BK \nInvoluntary Summons Service Unexecuted Motions/Applications/Presentments \nJoint Administration Other BK \nJoint Certification to Court of Appeals Appeals BK \nJoint Discovery Control Plan Other BK \nJoint Pre-Trial Memorandum Other BK \nLeave to Appeal Motions/Applications/Presentments \nLetter Other BK \nLetter of Adjournment (Do not use to Adjourn \n§341 Meetings) Other BK \nLetter Providing Notice of Court Hearing (Only to be \nUsed When Directed by Chambers) Other BK \nLetter Rescheduling Notice of Presentment Other BK \nLimit Notice Motions/Applications/Presentments \nLimited Admissions Motions/Applications/Presentments \nLimited Appearance for Purpose of Mediation Other BK \nList of Creditors Other BK \nLoss Mitigation Contact Designation Other BK \nLoss Mitigation Final Report Other BK \nLoss -Mitigation Request – By the Creditor Motions/Applications/Presentments \nLoss -Mitigation Request – By the Debtor Motions/Applications/Presentments \nLoss Mitigation Request for Continuance Other BK \n9 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \nLoss Mitigation Status Report Other BK \nMediator’s Report Other BK \nMemorandum of Law in Opposition Answer/Response \nMemorandum of Law in Support Answer/Response \nModified Plan (All Chapters – Modified \nAfter Confirmation) Plan BK \nMoratorium Motions/Applications/Presentments \nMore Definite Statement Motions/Applications/Presentments \nNotice of Appeal (Fee Due) Appeal BK \nNotice of Appearance and Request for Notice Notices BK \nNotice of Change of Address Notices BK \nNotice of Default Notices BK ; Notices AP \nNotice of Entry Notices BK \nNotice of Final Cure Mortgage Payment (To be Used \nOnly by Attorney for Debtor or Debtor) Notices BK \nNotice of Foreign Representative’s Intent to \nCommence Case Notices BK \nNotice of Hearing on Disclosure Statement Notices BK \nNotice of Intent to Request Redaction of Transcript Notices BK \nNotice of Mortgage Payment Change (4 10S1) Claim Actions (BK) \nNotice of Override of Preferred Creditor Address Notices BK \nNotice of Patient Care Ombudsman Report Notices BK \nNotice of Postpetition Mortgage Fees, Expenses \nand Changes (410S 2) Claim Actions (BK) \n10 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \nNotice of Proposed Abandonment of Property of the Estate Notices BK \nNotice of Proposed Stipulation Notices BK \nNotice of Proposed Stipulation to Extend Time to Object \nto Discharge ONLY Notices BK \nNotice of Proposed Use, Sale or Lease of Property Notices BK \nNotice of Settlement of Proposed Order Notices BK \nNotice of Submission of Proposed Order Notices BK \nNotice of Voluntary Conversion from Chapter 13 to \nChapter 7 (Fee Due) Notices BK \nNotice to Cure Notices BK \nNotice to Take Deposition Notices BK \nPage 6, Part 7 of Voluntary Petition Re: Notice to \nConsumer Debtor Under 342(b) Notices BK \nObject/Reclassify/Reduce/Expunge Claims Motions/Applications/Presentments \nObject to Debtor’s Claim of Exemptions Motions/Applications/Presentments \nObject to Homestead Exemption Motions/Applications/Presentments \nObjecting to Debtor’s Discharge Under §1328(f) – \n(Chapter 13 or Chapter 11) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nObjecting to Debtor’s Discharge Under §727(a)(8) or (a)(9) \n– (Chapter 7) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nObjection Answer/Response \nObjection to Confirmation of Plan Plan BK \n11 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \nObjection to Loss of Mitigation Request Answer/Response \nObjection to Professional Fees Answer/Response \nObjection to Transfer of Claim Claims Actions BK \nOmbudsman Report Other BK \nOpen a New Bankruptcy Case ONLY Open Voluntary Case \nOpen a New Involuntary Bankruptcy Case ONLY Open an Involuntary Case \nOperating Report Other BK \nOpposition to Assignment of Contested Matter to Pro Bono \nMediation Answer/Response \nPay Motions/Applications/Presentments \nPay Filing Fee in Installments (Application) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nPreliminary Injunction Motions/Applications/Presentments \nPreliminary Pre-Conference Statement Other BK \nPre-Petition Statement Pursuant to LR 2017 -1 Other BK \nPre-Trial Statement Other BK \nPro Hac Vice Motions/Applications/Presentments \nPro Se Assistance Letter Other BK \nProhibit/ Enjoin/ Restrain Motions/Applications/Presentments \nProhibit Use Cash Collateral Motions/Applications/Presentments \nProtective Order Motions/Applications/Presentments \nQuash Motions/Applications/Presentments \n12 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \nReaffirmation Agreement Other BK \nReaffirmation Disclosure Statement Other BK \nRebuttal of Presumption of Abuse by Debtor Other BK \nRescission of Reaffirmation Agreement Other BK \nReconsider Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReconsider Dismissal of Case/Other Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRecusal Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRedact (Fee Per Case) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRedemption Agreement Other BK \nRedeem Property of the Estate Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRefiled Petition Re: Forms Modernization 2015 \n(Pgs. 1- 4) for Non -Individuals Other BK \nRefiled Petition Re: Forms Modernization 2015 \n(Pgs. 1 -8) for Individuals Other BK \nReinstate Case Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRelease Funds from Court Registry Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReinstatement of Retiree Benefits Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRelease From Active Duty Other BK \nRelief from Co-Debtor Stay Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRelief from Stay (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRemand Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRemove Debtor as Debtor in Possession Motions/Applications/Presentments \n13 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \nRemove Professional Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRemove Trustee Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReopen Chapter 7 Case (All Other Reasons)(Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReopen Chapter 7 Case Due to Discovery of Assets \n(Fee Due) Trustee Use Only Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReopen Chapter 9 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReopen Chapter 11 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReopen Chapter 12 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReopen Chapter 13 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReopen Chapter 15 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nReport on Related Entities B26 Other BK \nReply Answer/Response \nRequest for Certification of Direct Appeal to Court \nof Appeals (Application) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nRequest for Production of Documents Other BK \nRequest for Separate Notice Other BK \nRestrict Public Access Motions/Applications/Presentments \nResponse Answer/Response \nResponse to Notice of Final Cure Payment Rules 3002.1 Claim Actions BK \nResponse to Statement of Evidence In Lieu of Transcript Appeal BK \nSale of Property Under §363(b), Rule 3004) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSanctions Motions/Applications/Presentments \n14 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \nSanctions Under U.S.C. 28 §1927 (Attorney Liability \nfor Excessive Costs) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSanctions for Debtor’s Attorney Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSanctions for Violation of the Automatic Stay Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSanctions for Violation of the Discharge Injunction Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSatisfaction of Judgment Other BK \nSchedule(s), Statement(s) and Affidavit Pursuant to \nLBR1007- 1(b) (Fee Due) Other BK \nSchedule(s), Statement(s) and Affidavit Pursuant to \nLBR1007- 1( b) (No Fee) Other BK \nSeal Case Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSeal Document(s) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSearch for a Creditor (To File Proofs of Claim) File Claims BK \nSell Property of the Estate Free and Clear of Liens Under \n11 U.S.C. §363(f) (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSet Last Day to File Administrative Proofs of Claim Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSet Last Day to File Proofs of Claim Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSetting Property Value Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSever Chapter 7 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSever Chapter 11 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSever Chapter 12 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSever Chapter 13 Case (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \n15 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \n \nSmall Business Monthly Operating Report Other BK \nStatement Other BK \nStatement about Payment of Eviction Judgment \n(Form 101B) Other BK \nStatement in Support of Reaffirmation \nAgreement by Debtor Other BK \nStatement of Corporate Ownership Other BK \nStatement of Evidence In Lieu of Transcript Appeal BK \nStatement of Financial Affairs for Individuals (Form \n107) Other BK \nStatement of Financial Affairs for Non -Individuals \n(Form 207) Other BK \nStatement of Good Faith Filing Other BK \nStatement of Intention Other BK \nStatement of Issues on Appeal Appeal BK \nStatement of Operations for Small Business Other BK \nStatement of Undisputed Facts Other BK \nStatement Pursuant to FRBP 7008a Other BK \nStay Motions/Applications/Presentments \nStay Pending Appeal Motions/Applications/Presentments \nStipulation Pursuant to Administrative Order \n(Craft Cases Only 07 -42272) Other BK \nStrike Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSubpoena Other BK \n16 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \nSubstantively Consolidate Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSubstitute Attorney Motions/Applications/Presentments \nSummary of Assets and Liabilities and Certain Stat \nInformation 106Sum (Individuals) \n Other BK \n \n Summary of Assets and Liabilities for Non -\nIndividuals \n Other BK \nSummary of Chapter 11 Ballots Other BK \nTax Documents Other BK \nTranscript Ordered Re: Notice of Appeal Appeal BK \nTranscript Redaction Request Other BK \nTransfer of Claim (Fee Due) Claims Actions BK \nTransfer of Claim - Agent Claims Actions BK \nTurnover/Surrender Property Under §521 (a)(4) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nUnseal Case Notices BK \nUnseal Document Notices BK \nUpdate EOUST Stats Other BK \nUpload List of Creditor File (as a .txt file) Creditor Maintenance \nUpload Proposed Ex Parte /Sua Sponte Order Upload Proposed Order \nUpload Proposed Single Order Upload Proposed Order \nUse Cash Collateral Motions/Applications/Presentments \nVacate Discharge Motions/Applications/Presentments \nVacate Order Motions/Applications/Presentments \n17 Bankruptcy Events \nAlphabetical Listing \nRevised 5/17/2016 \nVacate Order of Dismissal Motions/Applications/Presentments \nVerification of List of Creditors Other BK \nViolation of Automatic Stay Motions/Applications/Presentments \nWaive Appearance at 341 Meeting Notices BK \nWaive Filing Fee (Use to Reopen Case/Waive \nFiling Fees on Related Documents for an IFP \nCase) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nWaive Pay Order Motions/Applications/Presentments \nWaiver from Credit Counseling Motions/Applications/Presentments \nWaiver from Personal Financial Management Course Motions/Applications/Presentments \nWithdraw as Attorney Motions/Applications/Presentments \nWithdrawal of Claim Claims Actions BK \nWithdrawal of Reference (Fee Due) Motions/Applications/Presentments \nWithdrawal of Transfer of Claim Claims Actions BK \nWrit (Application) Motions/Applications/Presentments \n \n \nNew bankruptcy events added and revised are highlighted yellow \n18 "
} |
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"text": "Chatham, Massachusetts\nSewage Discharge Permit Regulation\nContact: Terence Hayes\nR.S.Health Agent\n(508)945-2793\nHealth Regulation\nAdopted: 1989\nCHATHAM BOARD OF HEALTH\nSEWAGE DISCHARGE PERMIT\nRegulation\nBOH-4-88\nAuthority: These regulations are adopted by the Chatham Board of Health under the auspices\nof Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 111, Section 31.\nEffective Date: April 15, 1989\nPurposes: To protect the groundwater from contamination which may result from residential\nand commercial development, including but not limited to, concentrated sewage disposal.\nApplicability: Ml proposed subsurface disposal systems or group of systems located on the lot(s)\nthat they serve for a new or existing project* or development with a design sewage flow of 2,000\ngallons per day or greater. (Subdivisions comprised of single-family house lots are exempt from\nthis regulation.) A Sewage Discharge Permit acquired after approval by the Board of Health will\nbe issued for all subsurface disposal systems with a sewage flow of 2000 gallons or greater.\nProcedure: The Board of Health will issue a sewage discharge permit only after the applicant has\nmet the following procedures and standards: The applicant(s) must demonstrate by written report\n(prepared by qualified professionals) to the satisfaction of the Board that drinking water\nstandards (as well as 5 mg/I nitrogen) will be met at the down gradient property limit; and that\nsurface water standards will be met at downgradient lakes and ponds (0.05 mg/I phosphorus) and\nin estuaries and salt ponds (0.50 mg/I nitrogen). This procedure shall be followed for all down\ngradient ponds, lakes, rivers, coastal waters and other water bodies in the Town of Chatham,\nincluding but not limited to, Muddy River, Crow's Pond, Ryder's Cove, Frost Fish Creek, Stage\nHarbor, Mitchell River, Mill Pond, Oyster River, Oyster Pond, Sulphur Springs, Buck's Creek,\nTaylor's Pond, Eel River, Cockle Cove Creek, Red River, Mill Pond (South Chatham), Goose\nPond, Schoolhouse Pond, Stillwater Pond, Lover's Lake, White Pond, Ryder's Pond, Barclay's\nPond, Perch Pond, Black Pond, Blue Pond and Emery Pond.\nThe written report shall be based upon the following scope of work:\na. Geologic borings of location and number sufficient to demonstrate soil conditions and\ngroundwater flow on the lot(s). b. Water table map (one-foot interval contours) showing groundwater flow directions. The\nnumber and location of observation wells required for this map is to be determined on a case by\ncase basis and shall be sufficient to determine which water bodies and wells are down gradient\nfrom the proposed discharge.\n*Existing projects or developments will be subject to this regulation if, at any time, there is a\nchange' resulting in an increase in sewage flow.\nC. Projections of down gradient concentrations of nitrogen using the approved Board of\nHealth Nitrogen loading formula (or other contaminants as requested by the Board of Health).\nProjections of downgradient water quality will be determined utilizing two-dimensional solute\ntransport models and input variables approved by the Board of Health. If private or public wells\nare located downgradient within 2500 feet, a locus map and additional projections of water\nquality in the wells will be required. The currently approved model for this work is:\n1. USGS Konikow and Bredehoeft (1979)\nCurrently approved input variables:\n1. Transmissivity to be determined by on-site slug or pump test.\n2. Aquifer thickness to be determined by on-site boring location of\nconfining layers and estimated plume thickness.\n3. Dispersivity 40 feet longitudinal/30 feet transverse.\n4. Hydraulic gradient as determined by site-specific water table\nmap.\n5. No retardation factor.\n6. Sewage flows as determined by Title V design flows.\nMonitoring Requirements After Permitting:\nApplicants who receive permits under this regulation shall install a minimum of three\ndowngradient wells and one upgradient well on the property. Location, number of wells and\nmonitoring well requirements (whether single well or clustered multi-level wells) will be\napproved by the Board of Health. Timing of installation and start of sampling will be determined\nby the Board of Health. Groundwater flow direction will be determined from site-specific\nobservation wells. Wells shall be constructed, sampled and maintained as outlined in the Board\nof Health's guidelines entitled \"Monitoring Well Design and Sampling Guidelines.\" Repair and\nmaintenance of the wells shall be the responsibility of the property owner. The Board of Health\nshall be granted, through a easement on the deed, access to the monitoring wells. Groundwater\nsamples using EPA methods will be obtained by a qualified professional following EPA or State\nChain of Custody Procedures on a quarterly basis for five (5) years unless otherwise specified by\nthe Board of Health. The frequency of sampling will be re-evaluated by the Board after the initial\n5 years of sampling. Water samples will be tested by a state-certified laboratory quarterly for\nnitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, kjedahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorides, specific conductance and annually for volatile organic compounds (EPA Analytical Procedure 502) and\nany other parameters deemed necessary by the Board of Health. Results are to be reported to the\nBoard of Health within ten working days of the completion of laboratory analysis and shall meet\nMassachusetts Class I groundwater standards and appropriate Federal and State advisory levels\nfor organic chemicals at the downgradient property boundary. In the event that water quality\nstandards are violated the following actions will be undertaken by the property owner(s):\na. Report results to the Chatham Board of Health within 48 hours.\nb. Resample wells and retest within 5 days. If the results are still in violation, then the\nproperty owner(s) shall:\n1. Notify downgradient property owners within 48 hours.\n2. Decrease wastewater flows or increase level of treatment\nwithin 45 days.\n3. Initiate remedial clean-up actions as denied necessary by the\nBoard of Health.\nPublic Hearing: A minimum of one public hearing shall be held after the receipt of written report\nand related materials. The date and time of the hearing will be advertised in local newspapers to\nallow comments from the general public on the proposed project or development.\nVariance: Variance from this regulation may be granted by the Board of Health only if the\napplicant can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Board that: 1) enforcement thereof would do\nmanifest injustice and/or would significantly impact the economic viability of an existing\nbusiness and/or would deprive a landowner of all economically reasonable use of the lot(s) in\nquestion, and 2) that the installation of an on-site subsurface sewage disposal system, or systems,\nwill not have a significant adverse effect on public and/or private drinking water resources, lakes,\nponds, rivers, streams, salt ponds,, estuaries, or any other body of water.\nIn applying for a variance, the applicant shall be required to submit, but not be limited to, a\ngeohydrological report as described above as well as a map of potential future well sites, present\nand future population density, and any other information deemed pertinent by the Board of\nHealth.\nA variance review fee may be assessed by the Board of Health, to retain the service(s) of an\nindependent registered civil/sanitary engineer, and or environmental consultant, to conduct a\nreview of the submitted variance. The fee will be determined by the Board, based on the\ncomplexity of the planned project and subsurface system or systems, and the time required to\nadequately review all plans and reports. The applicant will pay the fee after the Board has\nreceived copies of the written report and assessed the level of review required or at the date of the\nfirst Public Hearing, which ever comes first. Any unused portion of the fee will be refunded to\nthe applicant after the review is completed.\nSeverability: Each of these regulations shall be construed as separate to the end that if any\nregulation or sentence, clause, or phrase thereof shall be held invalid for any reason, the remainder of that regulation and all other regulations shall continue in full force."
} |
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"pdf_file": "35DKLURQRIKJHCGH3IP5TO2BTAOV4CBN.pdf",
"text": "Labor Relations Analyst \nQualifications Assessment \n \nSection 1: Tasks \nUsing the rating scale(s) provided below, you will rate your experience performing \nspecific job-related tasks. \n \nRespond to each of the following statements by indicating how the statement applies to you. You are required to respond to every statement by marking one option from the scale(s) provided. \n \nIn responding to each statement, you may refer to your FORMAL EDUCATION, \nFORMAL TRAINING COURSES, and/or WORK EXPERIENCE whether paid or \nvolunteer. \nHow much knowledge do you possess in performing this action? \n \n Extensive Knowledge —I possess an expert knowledge level to the extent that I \ncould effectively perform this task in the most difficult and complex situations, \nand I could instruct others on specific aspects of this task. \n Substantial Knowledge —I possess an advanced knowledge level to the extent \nthat I could effectively perform this task under the majority of circumstances or \nsituations encountered. \n Moderate Knowledge —I possess a sufficient knowledge level that would allow \nme to perform this task successfully. \n Limited Knowledge —I have some knowledge of how to perform this task, but \nmay require additional instruction to apply my knowledge effectively. \n No Knowledge —I have no knowledge of how to perform this task or what it may \nentail. \n \n1. Serving as a liaison between two parties in the resolution of issues. \n2. Advising and informing decision makers regarding the interpretation of \nprovisions of contractual agreements. \n \n3. Determining compliance with policies, procedures, contractural agreements, \nrules and laws. \n \n4. Researching allegations made in grievances and/or complaints. \n5. Preparing responses to complaints and/or grievances. \n6. Making recommendations in response to complaints and/or grievances. \n \n7. Analyzing case law or administrative regulations relating to employment. \n \n8. Conducting research on assignments and projects relating to various aspects of \nlabor relations (e.g., grievances, legislative analysis, special projects, public inquiries, union information requests) to obtain and/or provide information, using collective bargaining agreements, policies, procedures, laws, rules, and past practice as directed by management. \n9. Preparing written correspondence regarding labor relations, human resources, or \nemployment. \n \n10. Participating in groups or committees to develop or change policies and \nprocedures. \n \nSection 2: Knowledge and Abilities \nUsing the rating scale(s) provided below, you will rate your experience in accordance to \nspecific job-related knowledge and abilities. \n \nRespond to each of the following statements by indicating how the statement applies to you. You are required to respond to every statement by marking one option from the scale(s) provided. \n \nIn responding to each statement, you may refer to your FORMAL EDUCATION, FORMAL TRAINING COURSES, and/or WORK EXPERIENCE whether paid or \nvolunteer. \n \nHow much education, training, and/or experience do you possess in the following \nareas? \n \n Extensive Education, Training, and/or Experience —I have extensive \neducation, training, and/or experience using and/or applying this knowledge or ability. I could effectively apply this knowledge or ability to the most difficult and \ncomplex situations, and I could instruct others on the specific aspects of this knowledge or ability. \n Substantial Education, Training, and/or Experience —I have substantial \neducation, training, and/or experience using and/or applying this knowledge or ability. I could effectively apply this knowledge or ability to many circumstances or situations. \n Moderate Education, Training, and/or Experience —I have moderate \neducation, training, and/or experience using and/or applying this knowledge or \nability. \n Minimal Education, Training, and/or Experience —I have limited education, \ntraining, and/or experience using and/ or applying this knowledge or ability. \n No Education, Training, and/or Experience —I have no education, training, \nand/or experience relevant to this knowledge or ability. \n \n \n11. Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the \nmeaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar in order to \neffectively communicate in writing and verbally to others. \n \n12. Knowledge of arithmetic computations such as addition, subtraction, \nmultiplication, division, ratios, decimals, and percentages. \n \n13. Knowledge of problem solving processes to facilitate the resolution of issues. 14. Knowledge of internet, electronic mail software, and other basic personal \ncomputer functions and software applications to complete projects and \nassignments. \n \n15. Ability to use a personal computer to input data, access information, and/or \ncreate materials, documents and presentations using a variety of software applications. \n \n16. Ability to handle stressful or sensitive situations with professionalism, tact, and \ndiplomacy in order to achieve a resolution. \n \n17. Ability to work with all levels in an organization to provide information and ensure \nemployer is in compliance with labor/management relations laws, policies, procedures, and labor agreements. \n \n18. Ability to analyze various forms of data to provide statistical and/or informational \nreports to management or others. \n \n19. Ability to analyze and apply appropriate laws, rules, regulations, and collective \nbargaining agreements. \n \n20. Ability to conduct research from various sources, compile information and data, \nanalyze, develop, evaluate alternatives and take effective action. \n \n21. Ability to use good judgment and make sound recommendations in critical \nsituations. \n \n22. Ability to maintain confidentiality to preserve the integrity of labor relations issues \nor human resources related matters. \n \n23. Ability to support and advocate an employer’s positions to others. \n24. Ability to communicate and promote a cooperative working environment during \nstressful situations in the resolutions of issues. \n \n25. Ability to communicate with all levels in an organization to provide and/or \nsummarize information related to labor/management relations laws, policies, procedures, and labor agreements. \n \n26. Ability to be flexible in adapting to changes in priorities, assignments, and/or \nother interruptions, which may impact pre-established timelines and courses of \naction for completing projects and assignments. \n \n27. Ability to evaluate written materials and make recommendations for action based \nupon documented data and information. \n \n28. Ability to write clear and concise reports, correspondence, policies or procedures \nusing proper English, grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. \n \n29. Ability to interpret data obtained through various methods, such as surveys, \nquestionnaires, or interviews. \n30. Ability to extract specific, relevant data and information from a larger body of \nmaterial. \n \n31. Ability to read and comprehend various technical documents such as policies, \nprocedures, standards, regulations, technical reports, and/or contracts. \n \n32. Ability to present data in a clear and logical format such as tables, bar charts, pie \ncharts, and line graphs in order to determine the meaning of data presented for \nassigned programs and/or projects. \n \n33. Ability to analyze and evaluate policies and/or procedures for effectiveness \nand/or impact. \n \n34. Ability to establish and maintain cooperative working relationships and credibility \nwith others. \n \n \n "
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] | {
"pdf_file": "LFGBSD5XRLBIZCRBVWTKQPP2JEVRWRRS.pdf",
"text": "U.S. Department of Energy \nCategorical Exclusion Determination Form \n \nProject Title : \n \nProgram or Field Office : \n \nLocation(s) (City/County/State) : \n \nProposed Action or Project Description : \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nCategorical Exclusion(s) Applied : \n \n \n \nFor the complete DOE National Environmental Policy Act regulations regarding categorical exclusions, including the full text of each categorical exclusion, see Subpart D of \n10 CFR Part 1021. \n There are no extraordinary circumstances related to the proposal that may affect the significance of the environmental effects of the \nproposal. \n This proposal has not been segmented to meet the definition of a categorical exclusion. This proposal is not connected to other actions \nwith potentially significant impacts (40 CFR 1508.25(a)(1)), is not related to other actions with individually insignificant but cumulatively significant impacts (40 CFR 1508.27(b)(7)), and is not precluded by 40 CFR 1506.1 or § 1021.211 concerning limitations on actions during \npreparation of an environmental impact statement. \n All of the conditions that are integral elements of the classes of actions in Appendix B to Subpart D of 10 CFR Part 1021 would be met . \nThis proposal would not threaten a violation of applicable statutory, regulatory, or permit requirements for environment, saf ety, and health, \nor similar requirements of DOE or Executive Orders; require siting and construction or major expansion of waste storage, disposal, \nrecovery, or treatment facilities (including incinerators), but the proposal may include categorically excluded waste storage, disposal, recovery, or treatment actions or facilities; disturb hazardous substances, pollutants, contaminants, or CERCLA -excluded petroleum and \nnatural gas products that preexist in the environment such that there would be uncontrolled or unpermitted releases; have the potential to \ncause significant impacts on environ mentally sensitive resources, including, but not limited to, those listed in paragraph B(4) of Appendix \nB to Subpart D of 10 CFR Part 1021; involve genetically engineered organisms, synthetic biology, governmentally designated noxious \nweeds, or invasive species, unless the proposed activity would be contained or confined in a manner designed and operated to prevent unauthorized release into the environment and conducted in accordance with applicable requirements. \n \nBased on my review of information conveyed to me and in my possession (or attached) concerning the proposed action, as NEPA \nCompliance Officer (as authorized under DOE Order 451.1B), I have determined that the proposed action fits within the specified class(es) \nof action, the other regulatory requirements set forth above are met, and the proposed action is hereby categorically excluded from further NEPA review. \n \nNEPA Compliance Officer: Date Determined: \n Comments: \n \n"
} |
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"pdf_file": "XLXYJ2Y3MNRFYEKWJ4VFACQHPYGFASLZ.pdf",
"text": "(January 6, 2005) Debate Initiated on the Irregularities in Voting Standards\n \r\n\r\nDebate Initiated on the Irregularities in Voting Standards\r\n\r\n\r\nWASHINGTON, DC - Today, on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives, debate was initiated on the irregularities\nin voting standards and procedures during the 2004 elections, specifically in the state of Ohio . President Bush won the\nstate by 118,000 votes and the national contest by over three million votes. However, continuing reports of voter\nirregularities and intimidation have raised concerns on the reliability of our electoral system. \r\n\r\n\r\n\"It is crucial that we continue to hold respect for our nation's democracy and our electoral process. Therefore, it is\nimportant to ensure that there is voter fairness, uniform voting procedures and standards, and that our election laws are\nstrictly and justly enforced,\" stated Lipinski. \r\n\r\n\r\nThis afternoon, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 262 to 32 denying the objection to invalidate Ohio 's votes. \r\n\r\n\r\n\"In the 109th Congress, I plan to examine ways to protect voter rights in this country and strengthen the integrity and\ncredibility of the electoral process in this country. However, I do not believe the current approach to this problem is the\nappropriate response or the way to carefully and fully address the important issue of election integrity, \"added Lipinski\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nCongressman Daniel Lipinski\nhttp://www.lipinski.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 29 August, 2007, 21:43"
} |
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"text": "Monterey Bay\n\n \nNational Marine Sanctuary\n\n \nMarine Protected Area Planning Process\n\n \nApril 18, 2008\n\n \nSanctuary Advisory Council Meeting\n\n The National Marine Sanctuaries Act \n•Congress mandated that national marine sanctuaries be \nmanaged to protect biodiversity and ecosystem components \n•Focus is on protection and management of natural habitats, populations, biological communities and ecological processes \n•The NMSA provides for a comprehensive and coordinated approach to conservation and management of special marine areas: ecosystem-based management \n•NMSA may complement single species management of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the ESA and MMPA Impacts to ecosystem components in MBNMS\n\n \n•\t Natural and anthropogenic impacts to ecosystem components of the \nMBNMS \n–\t Seasonal upwelling, El nino, climate change, etc. \n–\t Pollution, invasive species, disease, destructive fishing practices (over fishing, trawling impacts to benthic environment), coastal development, aquaculture, etc. \n• \t Tools to address impacts \n–\t Water quality programs, effective fishery management practices (by the PFMC), marine zoning: \n–\t MPAs to address impacts to ecological interactions among biological populations, communities, and their habitat, and future \nimpacts to the system \nUse of complementary tools to reach multiple management objectives \n \n MPAs as a tool for\n\n \necosystem-based management\n\n \nResearch has shown that carefully crafted MPAs can be \neffective tools for maintaining and improving: Populations\n \n• \tspecies diversity \n• \tspecies number and size \n• \tlarger fish produce many more young that are healthier and more likely to survive Communities\n \n• \tcommunity structure such as trophic structure in foodwebs \n• \tbenthic habitat quality (more complex and heterogeneous) Ecosystems\n \n• \tecosystem productivity and stability \n• \tecosystem resiliency: ability to recover, resist and reverse natural and human disturbances \n• \tserve as research areas to better distinguish between natural and\n anthropogenic perturbations to ecosystem components Existing Protections\n\n \nEFH-RCA-MLPA\n\n \nExisting spatial management measures in state and federal waters of the \nSanctuary provide valuable protections from impacts in certain habitats, \nbut habitats further offshore are either: \n-Not adequately represented in existing MPAs, or \n- Not adequately protected by the gear based restrictions associated with\n EFH or the RCAs -\nFishery-based MPAs \n\ttarget single species - not ecological interactions of non target species and their habitat Existing MBNMS Zoning\n\n \nZones or MPAs are a not a new tool of spatial management for \nthe MBNMS: \n• Certain human activities otherwise prohibited throughout the \nSanctuary are allowed (motorized personal watercraft, harbor dredge disposal, jade collecting) \n• Certain human activities are specifically prohibited (shark chumming, low over-flights) MPAs in federal waters of the MBNMS\n\n \nas an ecosystem-based tool to address\n\n \n•\t Preservation of unique and rare areas in their natural \nstate for the benefit of future generations \n• Preservation of areas where natural ecosystem\n\n \ncomponents are maintained and/or restored\n\n \n•\t Designation of research areas to differentiate between natural variation versus human impacts to ecological processes and components. ….unique and rare areas… ….for the\n\n \nbenefit of future generations \n•\t The NMSA states that the NMSP will maintain for future \ngenerations the habitat, and ecological services, of the natural assemblages of living resources \n•\t Intrinsic or inherent value: areas of unique and exceptional natural qualities \n•\t Examples may include deep-sea coral and sponge communities, chemosynthetic biological communities \n•\t Proactively steward special places within the MBNMS ….areas where natural ecosystem\n\n \ncomponents are maintained and/or restored\n\n \n•\t Fishing activities have altered population abundances, and \nsize and age structure of species, community composition, and habitat structure. \n•\t Impacts of fishing on community and ecosystem structure still not well understood. \n•\t Precautionary approach dictates setting aside a few areas where human activities are minimized to hedge against scientific and management uncertainty. \n• \t Intact ecosystem components are also more resilient to natural and anthropogenic impacts. ….research areas to differentiate between \n\nnatural variation and human impacts ……\n\n \n•Developing an understanding of the interactions of living marine \nresources is key to effective management. \n•Setting aside areas of the Sanctuary as MPAs can provide critical research opportunities in offshore habitats in order to distinguish natural variation from human induced impacts \n•While the new MPAs in state waters do afford the opportunity to distinguish human induced change from natural variation, offshore habitats are not adequately represented MPAs in federal waters of the MBNMS\n\n \nas an ecosystem-based tool to address\n\n \n•\t Preservation of unique and rare areas in their natural \nstate for the benefit of future generations \n• Preservation of areas where natural ecosystem\n\n \ncomponents are maintained and/or restored\n\n \n•\t Designation of research areas to differentiate between natural variation versus human impacts to ecological processes and components. The Decision - clarifications\n\n \n•Was not a comment on existing conservative management measures \nby the PFMC - recent stock assessments show improvements to some fishery stocks. \n•Does not mean the MBNMS wants to manage fisheries - the CDFG and PFMC/NMFS manage fisheries. \n•Was made after an evaluation of current management measures, including supplemental information provided to the MBNMS by the ACSF, at meeting MBNMS MPA objectives \n•Included many hours of work by stakeholders, including scientists, on the MBNMS MPA working group \n•Process is coordinated with our local partners at CDFG, PFMC, NMFS \n•Affects only the federal portions of the MBNMS, not any other west coast sanctuary \n•Does not automatically require a change to the Designation Document Clarification of Purpose\n\n \n•\t The primary purpose for this decision is the protection of \nbiodiversity and ecosystem components of the Sanctuary \n•\t The immediate action is to evaluate opportunities for enhancing or modifying existing PFMC MPAs, or creating additional MPAs to meet MMNMS goals. \n• \t Any future action would not be taken for the purpose of managing any single human activity or impact The Process Ahead\n\n \n•Asking the PFMC and SAC for input on how best to build on \nthe efforts of the MPA working group to ensure an effective and timely public process: \n– Attended the April PFMC meeting week of April 7, 2008 \n– Coordinated with NOAA Fisheries in drafting the Rational for the MPA Decision \n•Asking for input on “Concepts for a Process” and proposed timeline (see handouts) \n Process Concepts (1-5) \n1. \n\tThe process ahead should capitalize on previous work \n2.\n\t The membership of the MPA working group should remain \napproximately the same, some adjustment may be warranted \n3. \n\tScience members should remain involved but serve as subject matter \nexperts, not as stakeholders. A separate but public science panel \nshould be convened to evaluate eventual proposals -include PFMC \nSSC members as part of science panel \n4. \n\tWorking group meetings should be professionally facilitated \n5. \n\tWorking group and science panel meetings should be public and any \nproducts made publicly available Process Concepts (6-11+)\n\n \n6. \n\tThe MPA planning process should provide for dialogue with and input \nfrom PFMC (prior to the NEPA phase and frequently ) \n7. \n\tThere is a need for socioeconomic study \n8. \n\tA starting point for discussions should be the Areas of Interest \nidentified by the working group adjacent to MPAs in state waters \n9. \n\tAdjacent State and Federal waters MPAs should generally have \nparallel regulations \n10. The working group will have approx. 6 meetings over 6 months to \ndevelop proposals to forward to the SAC. \n11. Decisions on implementing authority will be made in the future \n12. Include a thorough characterization of existing protective measures as the status quo alternative and include the Davidson Seamount as part of the Sanctuary when developing the alternatives Use and protection of marine resource \n•\t “to facilitate to the extent compatible with the primary objective of \nresource protection, all public and private uses of the resources of these marine areas not prohibited pursuant to other authorities.” (Section 301(b)(6)) \n• \t This provision of the NMSA indicates that in the interest of facilitating public and private uses of sanctuary resources, resource protection is the primary objective and therefore takes precedence. \nHuman uses and/or activities should be facilitated only where \npracticable in the context of resource protection. \n• \t Vast portions (>98%) of the MBNMS facilitate commercial and recreational extraction. Less than 2% is off limits to all forms of fishing in nearshore marine reserves implemented by the state. "
} |
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"pdf_file": "MTAHFDRL6AJ27IN6IE3SSNETFAWX3PNW.pdf",
"text": "Antigo Daily Journal: Obey inspects the results of more funding for after-school programs\n \n ANTIGO DAILY JOURNAL \n \n Obey inspects the results of more funding for after-school programs \n \n April 5, 2008 \n \n For Congressman Dave Obey, Friday afternoon's visit to East Elementary School was an\nillustration of a few of the things he is campaigning for in Washington D.C. \n \n \n \nCongressman Dave Obey, flanked by after-school participants, meets the bully meter. \n \n \n Obey, who represents Wisconsin's Seventh District, which includes Antigo, visited the school\nfor an update on the district's after school program. He secured $383,370 in federal funds last\nyear for the Cooperatve Educational Service Agency No. 9 After-School Consortium of which\n 1 / 2 Antigo Daily Journal: Obey inspects the results of more funding for after-school programs\nAntigo is a member. \n \n But instead of a dry recap of facts and statistics, school officials let the students do the talking,\nand singing, and play-acting, sharing with the congressman everything from their newfound\nknowledge of Spanish to anti-bullying tactics before presenting him with a homemade bouquet\nof flowers.\n \n Obey, munching on a cookie and sipping some coffee, was clearly pleased.\n \n "Research shows that when students have a place to go after school where they can\nstudy and be supervised by an adult, not only are they less likely to get into trouble, they also\nget a better education," he said. "That's why we pushed for more funding for\nafter-school centers in the budget and why I asked for the funds to help keep programs like this\ngoing in Wisconsin. I'm glad to be here today to see first hand how things are going here in\nAntigo."\n \n The Antigo after-school program is intended to provide a safe, healthy, enriching, supervised\nafter-school environment for children in Antigo elementary schools. On average, about 100\nstudents attend the program daily. The program is organized into four to six week sessions with\na theme and varied activities during each session. Ongoing activities include homework\nassistance, tutoring, mentoring, physical fitness activities, field trips, and special monthly\n"Family Fun Nights.''\n \n "There is nothing more important for the future of our children than a good\neducation," Obey noted. "Offering extra help with homework, advanced tutoring and\nan adult-supervised safe-haven free of trouble, after-school programs like this one help provide\nstudents a solid foundation that will help them for the rest of their lives." \n \n 2 / 2"
} |
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"text": " \n \nINTE TIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FO REIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2008. \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. RNA\n Let us help you export. export.gov \nThe U.S. Commercial Service — Your global business partner. 800-USA-TRADE STANDARDS AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT \nExcerpt from 2010 Country Commercial Guide \nDoing Business in Greece: 2010 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies \n \nOverview \n \nProducts tested and certified in the United States to American standards are likely to have to be retested and re-certified to E.U. requirements as a result of the E.U.’s different approach to the protection of the health and safety of cons umers and the environment. Where products are not \nregulated by specific E.U. technical legislation, they are always subject to the E.U.’s General \nProduct Safety Directive as well as to possible additional national requirements. \nEuropean Union standards created under the New Approach are harmonized across the 27 E.U. Member States and European Economic Area countries to allow for the free flow of goods. A feature of the New Approach is CE marking. For a list of new approach legislation, go to http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/documents/harmonised-standards-\nlegislation/list-references/index_en.htm \n While harmonization of E.U. legislation can facilitate access to the E.U. Single Market, \nmanufacturers should be aware that regulations and technical standards might also function as \nbarriers to trade if U.S. standards are different from those of the European Union. Agricultural Standards \n \nThe establishment of harmonized E.U. rules and standards in the food sector has been ongoing for several decades, but it took until January 2002 for the publication of a general food law establishing the general principles of E.U. food law. This Regulation introduced mandatory traceability throughout the feed and food chain as of Jan 1, 2005. For specific information on \nagricultural standards, please refer to the Foreign Agricultural Service’s website at: \nhttp://www.fas.usda.gov/posthome/useu/ There are also export guides to import regulations and standards available on the Foreign Agricultural Service’s website: http://www.fas.usda.gov/posthome/useu/ \n Standards Organizations \n The Hellenic Organization for Standardization is ELOT, which elaborates the Hellenic National Standards, maintains a central point for testing of materials assesses management systems and certifies products and services. Offices and laboratories of ELOT are located in Athens and \nThessaloniki. \n \nThe majority of imported products require the approval of ELOT, thus major end users request all certificates, such as UCL, and TUV, in addition to those for fire, environmental and health protection, from ELOT. ELOT also accepts appraisal certificates issued by one of the E.U. \nrecognized agencies. \n \n \n \nINTE NATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FO REIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2008. \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. R\n Let us help you export. export.gov \nThe U.S. Commercial Service — Your global business partner. 800-USA-TRADE STANDARDS AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT \nExcerpt from 2010 Country Commercial Guide \nE.U. standards setting is a process based on consensus initiated by industry or mandated by \nthe European Commission and carried out by independent standards bodies, acting at the national, European or international level. There is strong encouragement for non-governmental \norganizations, such as environmental and consumer groups, to actively participate in European \nstandardization. \n \nMany standards in the E.U. are adopted from international standards bodies such as the \nInternational Standards Organization (ISO). The drafting of specific E.U. standards is handled \nby three European standards organizations: \n• CENELEC, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization \n(http://www.cenelec.eu/Cenelec/Homepage.htm ) \n• TSI, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( http://www.etsi.org/ ) \n• CEN, European Committee for Standardization, handling all other standards \n(http://www.cen.eu/cenorm/homepage.htm ) \n \nStandards are created or modified by experts in Technical Committees or Working Groups. The members of CEN and CENELEC are the national standards bodies of the Member States, which have \"mirror committees\" that monitor and participate in ongoing European standardization. CEN and CENELEC standards are sold by the individual Member States standards bodies. ETSI is different in that it allows direct participation in its technical committees from non-E.U. companies that have interests in Europe and gives away its individual standards \nat no charge on its website. In addition to the three standards developing organizations, the \nEuropean Commission plays an important role in standardization through its funding of the participation in the standardization process of small- and medium-sized companies and non-governmental organizations, such as environmental and consumer groups. The Commission \nalso provides money to the standards bodies when it mandates standards development to the \nEuropean Standards Organization for harmonized standards that will be linked to E.U. technical \nlegislation. Mandates can be checked on line at http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/standardisation-requests/index_en.htm \n \nDue to the E.U.’s vigorous promotion of its regulatory and standards system as well as its generous funding for its development, the E.U.’s standards regime is wide and deep - extending well beyond the E.U.’s political borders to include affiliate members (countries which are hopeful of becoming full members in the future) such as Albania, Croatia, FYR of Macedonia, and \nTurkey among others. Another category, called \"partner standardization body\" includes the \nstandards organization of Australia, which is not likely to become a CEN member or affiliate for political or geographical reasons. Many other c ountries are targets of the E.U.’s extensive \ntechnical assistance program, which is aimed at exporting E.U. standards and technical Regulations to developing countries, especially in the Mediterranean and Balkan countries, Africa, as well as programs for China and Latin America. \n \n \n \nINTE NATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FO REIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2008. \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. R\n Let us help you export. export.gov \nThe U.S. Commercial Service — Your global business partner. 800-USA-TRADE STANDARDS AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT \nExcerpt from 2010 Country Commercial Guide \nTo know what CEN and CENELEC have in the pipeline for future standardization, it is best to \nvisit their websites. CEN’s \"sectors\" page provides an overview by sector and/or technical committee whereas CENELEC offers the possibilit y to search its database. ETSI’s portal \n(http://portal.etsi.org/Portal_Common/home.asp ) leads to ongoing activities. \n With the need to adapt more quickly to market needs, European standards organizations have been looking for \"new deliverables\" which are standard-like products delivered in a shorter \ntimeframe. While few of these \"new deliverables\" have been linked to E.U. Regulations, expectations are that they will eventually se rve as the basis for E.U.-wide standards. \n Key Link: http://www.cen.eu/cenorm/products/cwa/index.asp \n \nConformity Assessment \n \nConformity Assessment is a mandatory step for t he manufacturer in the process of complying \nwith specific E.U. legislation. The purpose of conformity assessment is to ensure consistency of \ncompliance during all stages of the production process to facilitate acceptance of the final product. E.U. product legislation gives manufacturers some choice with regard to conformity assessment, depending on the level of risk involved in the use of their product. These range \nfrom self-certification, type examination and production quality control system, to full quality \nassurance system. You can find conformity assessment bodies in individual Member State \ncountry in this list by the European Commission. Key Link: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newapproach/nando/ \n \nTo promote market acceptance of the final product, there are a number of voluntary conformity \nassessment programs. CEN’s certification syst ems are the Keymark, the CENCER mark, and \nCEN workshop agreements (CWA) Certification Rules. CENELEC has its own initiative. ETSI does not offer conformity assessment services. \n \nProduct Certification \nTo sell products on the E.U. market of 27 Member States as well as Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland, U.S. exporters are required to apply CE marking whenever their product is covered by \nspecific product legislation. CE marking product legislation offers manufacturers a number of \nchoices and requires decisions to determine which safety/health concerns need to be \naddressed, which conformity assessment module is best suited to the manufacturing process, \nand whether or not to use E.U.-wide harmonized standards. There is no easy way for U.S. exporters to understand and go through the process of CE marking, but hopefully this section provides some background and clarification. \n \n \n \n \nINTE NATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FO REIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2008. \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. R\n Let us help you export. export.gov \nThe U.S. Commercial Service — Your global business partner. 800-USA-TRADE STANDARDS AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT \nExcerpt from 2010 Country Commercial Guide \nProducts manufactured to standards adopted by CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, and published in \nthe Official Journal as harmonized standards, ar e presumed to conform to the requirements of \nE.U. Directives. The manufacturer then applies the CE marking and issues a declaration of \nconformity. With these, the product will be allowed to circulate freely within the E.U. A \nmanufacturer can choose not to use the harmonized E.U. standards, but then must demonstrate that the product meets the essential safety and performance requirements. Trade barriers occur when design, rather than performance, standards are developed by the relevant European standardization organization, and when U.S. companies do not have access to the standardization process through a European presence. \n \nThe CE marking addresses itself primarily to t he national control authorities of the Member \nStates, and its use simplifies the task of essential market surveillance of regulated products. Although CE marking is intended primarily for inspection purposes by Member State inspectors, the consumer may well perceive it as a quality mark. \n \nThe CE marking is not intended to include detailed technical information on the product, but there must be enough information to enable the inspector to trace the product back to the manufacturer or the authorized representative established in the E.U. This detailed information should not appear next to the CE marking, but rather on the declaration of conformity (which the \nmanufacturer or authorized agent must be able to provide at any time, together with the \nproduct's technical file), or the documents accompanying the product. \n \nAccreditation \n \nIndependent certification bodies, known as notified bodies, have been officially accredited by \ncompetent national authorities to test and certify to E.U. requirements. However, under U.S.-\nE.U. Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs), notified bodies based in the United States and referred to as conformity assessment bodies, are allowed to test in the United States to E.U. specifications, and vice versa. The costs are significantly lower which results in U.S. products becoming more competitive. At this time, the U.S.-E.U. MRAs cover the following sectors: EMC \n(in force), RTTE (in force), medical devices (in transition), pharmaceutical (on hold), recreational \ncraft (in force) and marine equipment (in force). The U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has a link on its website to American and European Conformity Assessment bodies operating under a mutual recognition agreement. \n \nKey Link: http://ts.nist.gov/Standards/Global/mra.cfm \nAccreditation is handled at Member State level. \"European Accreditation\" ( http://www.european-\naccreditation.org/content/home/home.htm ) is an organization representing nationally recognized \naccreditation bodies. Membership is open to nationally recognized accreditation bodies in \ncountries in the European geographical area that can demonstrate that they operate an accreditation system compatible with EN45003 or ISO/IEC Guide 58. \n \n \n \n \nINTE NATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FO REIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2008. \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. R\n Let us help you export. export.gov \nThe U.S. Commercial Service — Your global business partner. 800-USA-TRADE STANDARDS AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT \nExcerpt from 2010 Country Commercial Guide \nPublication of Technical Regulations \n \nThe Official Journal is the official gazette of the European Union. It is published daily on the \ninternet and consists of two series covering draft and adopted legislation as well as case law, \nstudies by committees, and more ( http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOIndex.do ). It lists the standards \nreference numbers linked to legislation (http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/documents/harmonised-standards-legislation/list-references/index_en.htm ). National \ntechnical Regulations are published on the Commission’s website http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/tris/index_en.htm to allow other countries and interested parties to \ncomment. \n \nMember countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are required under the Agreement on \nTechnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement to report to the WTO all proposed technical \nregulations that could affect trade with other member countries. Notify U.S. is a free, web-based \ne-mail subscription service that offers an opportunity to review and comment on proposed \nforeign technical regulations that can affect access to international markets. Register online at Internet URL: http://tsapps.nist.gov/notifyus/data/index/index.cfm \n \nLabeling and Marking \n Manufacturers should be mindful that, in addition to the E.U.’s mandatory and voluntary schemes, national voluntary labeling schemes might still apply. These schemes may be highly \nappreciated by consumers, and thus, become unavoidable for marketing purposes. Manufacturers are advised to take note that all labels require metric units although dual labeling is also acceptable. The use of language on labels has been the subject of a Commission \nCommunication, which encourages multilingual information, while preserving the right of \nMember States to require the use of language of the country of consumption. The E.U. has mandated that certain products be sold in standardized quantities. Council Directive 2007/45/EC, harmonizes packaging of wine and spirits throughout the E.U. Existing national sizes will be abolished with a few exceptions for domestic producers. \n \nKey Link: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/prepack/packsize/packsiz_en.htm \n \nThe Eco-label \n \nThe E.U. eco-label is a voluntary label which US exporters can display on products that meet \nhigh standards of environmental awareness. The eco-label is intended to be a marketing tool to \nencourage consumers to purchase environmentally-friendly products. The criteria for displaying the eco-label are strict, covering the entire lifespan of the product from manufacture, to use, to disposal. These criteria are reviewed every three to five years to take into account advances in manufacturing procedures. There are currently twenty-three different product groups, and \napproximately 250 licenses have been awarded for several hundred products. \n \n \n \n \nINTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FO REIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2008. \nALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. \n Let us help you export. export.gov \nThe U.S. Commercial Service — Your global business partner. 800-USA-TRADE STANDARDS AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT \nExcerpt from 2010 Country Commercial Guide \nApplications to display the eco-label should be directed to the competency body of the member \nstate in which the product is sold. The application fee will be somewhere between €300 and €1300 depending on the tests required to verify if the product is eligible. The eco-label also \ncarries an annual fee equal to 0.15 percent of the annual volume of sales of the product range \nwithin the European community. However, the minimum annual fee is currently set at €500 and maximum €25,000. There are plans to significantly reform the eco-label in the near future, reducing the application and annual fees and expanding the product ranges significantly. It is also possible that future \neligibility criteria may take into account carbon emissions. \n \nKey Links: Eco-label Home Page \nProduct Categories eligible for the Eco-label Eco-Label Catalogue \nList of Competent Bodies \nRevision of the Eco-label The Eco-label and Carbon Footprint \n \nContacts \n \nhttp://buyusainfo.net/docs/x_4284752.pdf http://ec.europa.eu/comm/environment/ecolabel/index_en.htm \nhttp://www.eco-label.com/default.htm \n "
} |
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"pdf_file": "2ZJG56HD3YEZGEQZL4RFOYNIMTZISHDX.pdf",
"text": "MONTANA\n1998 RESIDENT\nMOOSE, SHEEP & GOAT APPLICATION\nRETURN COMPLETED APPLICATION TO:\nFISH, WILDLIFE & PARKS\nSPECIAL LICENSING\n1420 E 6 AVE\nPO BOX 8009\nHELENA MT 59604-8009\n(FOR EXPRESS MAIL USE ZIP 59620)APPLICATIONS MUST HAVE A CANCELLATION POSTMARK BY THE\nU.S. POSTAL SERVICE NO LATER THAN MAY 1, 1988, OR HAND\nDELIVERED TO THE MAIN HELENA OFFICE AT 1420 E 6 AVE BY\n5:00 P.M. MAY 1.\nAPPLICATIONS ARE CONSIDERED FINAL & CANNOT BE CHANGED\nOR WITHDRAWN. INCOMPLETE OR INCORRECT APPLICATIONS\nWILL NOT BE ENTERED INTO THE DRAWINGS.\nSUBMITTAL OF MORE THAN ONE APPLICATION FOR ANY ONE LICENSE/PERMIT WILL DISQUALIFY THOSE APPLICATIONS FROM THE DRAWING\nFirst Name Middle Initial Last Name\nStreet Address or Box No. - Home (Post Office will not deliver without this)\nCity State Zip CodePLEASE NOTE: Steps 1-5\nare mandatory in order for\nyour application to be\nprocessed\nHome Phone Number\n4.3. 2.1.\nI hereby declare that I have been a legal resident of the state of Montana for at least\n6 months: ________ YEARS AND ________ MONTHS. All statements on this form\nare true and correct. I understand that if I subscribe to any false statement in this\napplication I am subject to criminal prosecution. I also understand that I may not\nreceive a moose, mountain goat or limited mountain sheep (excluding ewes) li-\ncense within 7 years of having received such a license, and I AFFIRM THAT I HAVE\nNOT RECEIVED A LICENSE, WITHIN THE LAST 7 YEARS, FOR ANY OF THE\nSPECIES APPLIED FOR BELOW.\nSIGNATURE OF APPLICANT - WRITE - DO NOT PRINT\n(FAXED OR PHOTOCOPIED SIGNATURE NOT ACCEPTABLE)\n(MUST BE APPLICANT’S SIGNATURE - NO ONE ELSE MAY SIGN FOR APPLICANT)5.\nTHIS APPLICATION IS VALID ONLY FOR\nTHE 1998 SPECIAL DRAWINGS\nPAID BY: Money order / cashier’s check/ personal check\nmade payable to:\nMontana Fish, Wildlife and ParksREQUIRED APPLICATION FEES:\n(Includes $3.00 nonrefundable\ndrawing feeMoose =$78\nSheep =$78\nGoat =$78\nPLEASE REVIEW YOUR APPLICATION - REMEMBER TO:\nSubmit the correct amount of money - applications with NSF checks will be\neliminated from the drawings.\nRecheck items 1 - 5.\nSend cash at your own risk.\nIf applying for deer, elk or antelope now, separate checks allow for faster\nprocessing.Check #\nTOTAL $ AMOUNT OF\nTHIS APPLICATION: $\nNeed information fast? Find Montana FWP on the Internet @ http://fwp.mt.state.us or try the Montana Hotline @ 1-900-225-5397\nDrawing conducted in August - results out by end of third week. Your license and/or refund will be mailed to the address listed above.\nNo notification is sent if unsuccessful.Date Received File #\nDate of Birth\nMO DAY YEAR1998 Conservation License No.\nMONTANA HUNTER EDUCATION ONLY\n(Required if under 18)\nIF NOT MONTANA, SEE HUNTING REGULATIONS\nLETTER PREFIX\nA B C D E T\n(Circle One)NUMBER\nPARTY APPLICATIONS NOT AVAILABLEMOUNTAIN GOAT LICENSE $78.00 ($75 refunded if not drawn)\nDistrict No.PARTY APPLICATIONS NOT AVAILABLEBIGHORN SHEEP LICENSE $78.00 ADULT EWE ONLY ($75 refunded if not drawn)\nDistrict No. District No.SECOND\nCHOICEFIRST\nCHOICEPARTY APPLICATIONS NOT AVAILABLEMOOSE LICENSE $78.00 ($75 refunded if not drawn)\nDistrict No.IF YOU RECEIVED A MOOSE, SHEEP OR GOAT LICENSE IN 1991 OR AFTER, PLEASE SEE HUNTING REGULATIONS REGARDING 7-YEAR WAIT & ELIGIBILITY FOR APPLYING"
} |
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"pdf_file": "GOHTUHFXHFLQENFPJ7LB5G55VNZTKH67.pdf",
"text": "Oklahoma\nCalifornia\nArizona\nNew Mexico\nAlaska\nWashington\nNorth Carolina\nTexas\nNew York\nMichiganThe American Indian, Eskimo, \nand Aleut Population\nEDNA L. PAISANO\nTen States With the Largest Number of \nAmerican Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts: 1990\n50\u0001\n\u0001252(In thousands)\n242\n204\n134\n86\n81\n80\n66\n63\n56The American Indian, \nEskimo, and Aleut population has grown \nrapidly since 1970.\nIn the last two decades, the\nAmerican Indian, Eskimo, and\nAleut population grew rapidly.\nIn 1970, this population num-\nbered 827,000; it reached \n1.4 million in 1980 and nearly\n2 million in 1990. The 1990\ncensus counted 1,878,285\nAmerican Indians, 57,152 \nEskimos, and 23,797 Aleuts.Census Bureau estimates and\nprojections suggest that on\nJuly 1, 1994, the American In-\ndian, Eskimo, and Aleut popu-\nlation numbered 2.2 million,\nand that it will reach 4.3 million\nand just over 1 percent of the\npopulation by 2050.\nThe 72 percent increase \nbetween the 1970 and 1980\ncensuses and the 38 percent\nincrease between the 1980\nand 1990 censuses cannot be\nattributed only to natural \nincrease. Other factors that\nmay have contributed to the\nhigher count of American In-\ndians\n1 include improvements\nin the question on race; \nimprovements in the way \nthe Census Bureau counted\n1In the text, American Indian \nrepresents American Indians, \nEskimos, and Aleuts.people on reservations, on\ntrust lands, and in Alaska \nNative villages; continued use\nof self-identification to obtain\ninformation on race; a greater\npropensity in 1990 than in ear-\nlier censuses for individuals\n(especially those of mixed In-\ndian and non-Indian parent-\nage) to report themselves as\nAmerican Indian; and im-\nproved outreach programs\nand promotion campaigns.\nNearly one-half of the \nAmerican Indian population\nlives west of the Mississippi\nRiver.\nNearly one-half of the Ameri-\ncan Indian population lived in\nthe West in 1990, 29 percent\nin the South, 17 percent in the\nMidwest, and 6 percent in the\nNortheast. Between 1980 and\n1990, the proportion of Ameri-\ncan Indians increased notice-\nably only in the South, from 26\nto 29 percent. In 1990, four\nStates had an American In-\ndian population over 100,000\n— Oklahoma, California, Ari-\nzona, and New Mexico. The\npopulation in these four States\ncomprised 42 percent of the\ntotal U.S. American Indian\npopulation. Oklahoma was\nthe State with the largest\nAmerican Indian population in\n1990, climbing from second in 1980. Between 1980 and\n1990, California dropped from \nfirst to second place, and \nArizona and New Mexico\nstayed at third and fourth\nplace, respectively.\nThe American Indian \npopulation is young.\nThirty-nine percent of the\nAmerican Indian populationwas under 20 years old in1990, compared with 29 per-cent of the Nation’s total popu-lation. The median age in1990 of the American Indian\npopulation was 26 years, con-\nsiderably younger than theU.S. median age of 33 years.The comparable median agesin 1980 were 23 years and 30 years, respectively. TheAmerican Indian population is younger in part because of higher fertility rates than the total population.\nNearly two-thirds of \nAmerican Indian families aremarried-coupled families.\nAbout 6 in 10 of the Nation’s\n442,000 American Indian \nfamilies were married-couple\nfamilies in 1990, compared\nwith about 8 in 10 of the \nNation’s 64.5 million families.The proportion of American \nIndian husband and wife \u0001Educational\nAttainment: 1990American Indian,\nEskimo, and Aleut\nTotal\npopulation\n51\u0001\nPercent \ngraduate or\nprofessional\ndegreePercent\nbachelor’s\ndegree or\nhigherPercent \nhigh school\ngraduate\n or higher(Percent of persons \n25 years old and over)\n65.5\n9.3\n3.275.2\n20.3\n7.2families was 71 percent in\n1980, compared with 82 per-\ncent of all husband and wife\nfamilies. Consistent with the\nnational trend, the proportion\nof American Indian families\nmaintained by a female\nhouseholder with no husband\npresent increased during the\nlast decade and reached 27\npercent in 1990. This propor-\ntion was considerably larger\nthan the national figure of \n17 percent.\nThe educational attainment\nlevels of American Indianshas improved significantly.\nIn 1990, 66 percent of the\n1,080,000 American Indians\n25 years old and over werehigh school graduates or high-\ner, compared with only 56 per-\ncent in 1980. Despite the \nadvances, the 1990 proportion\nwas still below that for the total\npopulation (75 percent).\nAmerican Indians were also\nless likely than the entire U.S.\npopulation to have completed\na bachelor’s degree or higher.\nAbout 9 percent of American\nIndians completed a bache-\nlor’s degree or higher in 1990,\ncompared with 8 percent in\n1980 — still lower than the 20\npercent for the total population\nin 1990.\nAmerican Indian family \nincomes were low.\nThe median family income \nin 1989 of all American Indian\nfamilies declined from its 1979\nlevel (1989 dollars) by 5 per-\ncent. In 1990, the median\nfamily income of American \nIndians was $21,750, about\n62 percent of the $35,225 \nmedian for all families. The\nmedian income of American\nIndian married-couple families\nwas $28,287 or 71 percent \nof the $39,584 median for all\nmarried-couple families. The\nmedian income for American\nIndian families maintained by\na female householder with \nno husband present was\n$10,742, about 62 percent of the $17,414 median for all\nfamilies maintained by women\nwith no husband present.\nMore American Indian \nfamilies and persons were\nin poverty, compared with\nall families and persons.\nBetween 1979 and 1989, \nthe poverty rate increased for\nboth American Indian families\nand persons.\n2 Twenty-seven\npercent of American Indian\nfamilies were poor in 1989,\ncompared with 24 percent in\n1979. This compared with a\npoverty rate of 10 percent for\nall families in both 1989 and\n1979. In 1989, 50 percent \nof American Indian families\nmaintained by females with \nno husband present were\npoor, compared with 31 per-\ncent of all families maintained\nby women with no husband \npresent.\nThe 1980 and 1990 censuses\nshow that the poverty rate \nfor American Indians has \nremained considerably higher\nthan that of the total popula-\ntion. In 1989, 31 percent of\nAmerican Indian persons lived\nbelow the poverty level, up\nfrom 27 percent in 1979. Thenational poverty rate was\n2In 1989, the poverty threshold \nfor a family of four was $12,674; \nunchanged from 1979 (in 1989 \ndollars).about 13 percent in 1989 and\n12 percent in 1979.\nThe number of \nAmerican Indians living on reservations and trust lands\nvaried considerably.\nOf the 314 reservations and\ntrust lands identified for the\n1990 census, only the Navajo\nReservation and Trust Lands\nlocated in Arizona, New Mexi-\nco, and Utah had more than\n100,000 American Indians —\n143,405 lived there.\nAn additional nine reservations\nhad more than 7,000 Ameri-\ncan Indians in 1990: Pine\nRidge, NE-SD (11,182); Fort\nApache, AZ (9,825); Gila Riv-\ner, AZ (9,116); Papago, AZ\n(8,480); Rosebud, SD (8,043);\nSan Carlos, AZ (7,110); Zuni\nPueblo, AZ-NM (7,073); Hopi,\nAZ (7,061); and Blackfeet, MT\n(7,025). The 218,320 Ameri-\ncan Indians living on these \n10 reservations and trust\nlands accounted for about half\nof all American Indians \nliving on reservations and \ntrust lands.\nEducational levels of \nAmerican Indians differ\namong the reservations \nand trust lands.\nFifty-four percent of American\nIndians 25 years old and over\nliving on all reservations andtrust lands were high school\ngraduates or more. Among\nthe 10 largest reservations\nand trust lands, this proportion\nranged considerably. Black-\nfeet (66 percent) and Hopi \n(63 percent) had similar\nproportions of high school\ngraduates. Gila River, at\nabout 37 percent, had the \nlowest proportion who had \nat least graduated from high\nschool, followed by Navajo\nwith 41 percent.\nAmerican Indians on \nreservations and trust landshad low per capita incomes.\nThe per capita income in 1989\nwas about $4,478 for Ameri-\ncan Indians residing on all reservations and trust lands,\ncompared with $8,328 for all\nAmerican Indians. The per\ncapita income of American In-\ndians on the 10 largest reser-\nvations ranged from about\n$3,100 on the Papago and\nPine Ridge Reservations to\nover $4,500 on the Blackfeet\n($4,718) and Hopi ($4,566)\nReservations.\nNOTE: The most recent data\nfor the American Indian popu-\nlation are from the 1990 cen-\nsus. The Current Population\nSurvey is not sufficiently large\nto provide reliable estimates\nfor this population.\nFor Further Information:\nSee: 1990 CP-2-1, 1990 \nCensus of Population, \nSocial\nand Economic Characteristics,\nUnited States Summary. 1990\nCP-2-1A, 1990 Census of\nPopulation, Social and \nEconomic Characteristics,\nAmerican Indian and Alaska\nNative Areas. \nContact: Edna L. Paisano\nRacial Statistics\nBranch\n301-457-2404"
} |
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"pdf_file": "3EG2SKQ4OJ5RGGAPXC4LPRAYJJJNH2XO.pdf",
"text": " \n \nNICOLE LURIE, M.D., M.S.P.H. \nAssistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response \nRADM, U.S. Public Health Service \nU.S. Department of Health and Human Services \n \nDr. Lurie is the Assistant Secretar y for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) at the U .S. \nDepartmen t of Health and Human Services (HHS). As such, she serves as the Secretary's \nprincipal advisor on matters related to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies. Her office is the lead agency for federal public health and medical preparedness and \nresponse, helping the nation prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. \nPrior to her current position, she served as Senior Natural Scientist and Paul O’ Neill \nAlcoa Professor of Health Policy at the RAND Corporation. There she directed RAND’s public health and preparedness work as well as RAND’s Center for Population Health \nand Health Disparities. She has previously served in federal government, as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Health in the HHS ; in state government as Medical \nAdvisor to the Commissioner at the Minnesota Department of Health; and in academia, \nas Professor in the University of Minnesota Schools of Medicine and Public Health. Dr. \nLurie has a long history in the health services research field, primarily in the areas of \naccess to and quality of care, managed care, mental health, prevention, public health infrastructure and preparedness and health disparities. \nDr. Lurie attended college and medical school at the University of Pennsylvania, and \ncompleted her residency and MSPH at UCLA, where she was also a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholar. She served as Senior Editor for Health Services Research and has served on editorial boards and as a reviewer for numerous journals. She has served on the council and was Pres ident of the Society of General Internal \nMedicine, and on the board of directors for Academy Health , and has served on multiple \nother national committees. She is the recipient of numerous awards, including the AHSR Young Investigator Award, the Nellie Wes terman Prize for Research in Ethics, the \nHeroine in Health Care Award, the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine’s Distinguished Alumni Award, and is a member of the Institute of Medicine. \nDr. Lurie continues to practice clinical medicine in the he alth care safety net in \nWashington, DC. "
} |
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"pdf_file": "6MPUNFSLSFKNLOGE2I6WRELWSJOF27UK.pdf",
"text": "UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\nEASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA\nPATRICK JOSEPH TURNER, ET AL. * CIVIL ACTION\nVERSUS * NO. 05-4206\nCONSOLIDATED CASE\nMURPHY OIL USA, INC. * SECTION “L” (2)* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\nTHIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO ALL CASES\nORDER\nIT IS ORDERED that a status conference shall be held on April 18, 2007 at \n9:00 a.m. in the Courtroom of Judge Eldon E. Fallon to discuss the method for future\nproceedings with opt-outs and plaintiffs in related cases. \nNew Orleans, Louisiana, this 14th \n day of March, 2007.\n_________________________________\nUNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE\nCase 2:05-cv-04206-EEF-JCW Document 1231 Filed 03/15/2007 Page 1 of 1"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "WLBI5UV3QEOKUAGIT73FRZZFM6NRCROL.pdf",
"text": "Pence To Speak At Delta High School \"Energy Summit\" \nU.S. Congressman Mike Pence will speak at Delta High School’s second \"Energy Summit\" on\nFriday, September 10. The Congressman will speak to around 400 high school students about\nenergy policy.\n \nFriday, September 10, 2010:\n \n11:30 AM – Congressman Pence to speak at Delta High School \"Energy Summit\"\nDelta High School\n3400 SR 28\nMuncie\n \n 1 / 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "UBMWACPAJYUGJDM7NMNO2DQSSA75FPI4.pdf",
"text": "Kirk and High School Student Leaders Deliver Holiday Cheer to Four Families Relocated by Hurricane Katrina | Congressman Mark Kirk – 10th District, Illinois\n \nNorth Chicago, IL – Christmas came early for four families relocated to North Chicago and\nWaukegan after Hurricane Katrina destroyed their homes. U.S. Rep. Mark Kirk and his Student\nLeadership Advisory Board surprised the families with gifts donated by high school students in\nthe 10th District. The gifts were delivered at a surprise holiday party hosted by the Public Action\nto Deliver Shelter and Support Services (PADS).\n \n“Thousands of Americans and so many families along the Gulf Coast suffered tremendous loss\nin the wake of Hurricane Kartina,” said Kirk. “For the families that relocated to our communities,\nthese gifts collected by high school students from across the district, express our thoughts and\nprayers as they rebuild their lives. I am very proud of the young leaders that coordinated this\neffort – they reflect the generosity of our neighbors and the spirit of the season.” \n \nKirk’s Student Leadership Advisory Board, made up of junior and senior class student body\npresidents from 10th District high schools, decided to organize the gift giving campaign after\nlearning several families had relocated to Lake County following Hurricane Katrina. Working\nwith Congressman Kirk and PADS, they located four families that needed some holiday cheer.\nThe student advisory board spent the last two weeks collecting video games, DVDs, gift\ncertificates, toys, and clothing from classmates. Stevenson High School senior Andrew Adair,\nStudent Leadership Advisory Board president, helped lead the effort to collect gifts from\nstudents.\n \n“Although we cannot replace what these families may have lost during Hurricane Katrina, the\nleast we can do is provide a little holiday cheer and let them know our community cares for\nthem” Adair said.\n \nKirk and the students delivered presents to six adults and twenty children displaced by\nHurricane Katrina. One of the families, L’ashandra and Ronnie Everett along with their seven\nchildren, were trapped in Mississippi after Katrina battered their home. L’ashandra’s mother,\nwho lives in Illinois, drove to Mississippi and brought them back to Lake County. All of their kids\nare enrolled in school in Waukegan. Ronnie, a minister, has been traveling back and forth from\nMississippi. While he appreciates the high school students’ efforts to bring them an early\nChristmas, his best Christmas gift may have come earlier this week when the Federal\nEmergency Management Agency informed him that he and his family can return to their\nMississippi home in three weeks\n \n 1 / 2 Kirk and High School Student Leaders Deliver Holiday Cheer to Four Families Relocated by Hurricane Katrina | Congressman Mark Kirk – 10th District, Illinois\nContact: Matt Towson \n 847-940-0202 \n cell: 773-454-5396\n 2 / 2"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "NID6HIGF64OZ77COJT2FESRENBE6R6KM.pdf",
"text": "—\nDockets hlanagement Branch\nDocketNo.98N-1265 5S0!i?’w”f@21?234\nFoodandDrugAdministration\n5600FishersLane\nRockville, AID.20857\n10PPOSE THEDRAFT 31.O.U. beingproposed b}\n10BJECT tothedefinition of“inordinate amount”\\.\ni\ntheFD.A.Inparticular,\nwhichrestricts theavailabiIitv\nandtherighttoobtainmedically necessary compounded medications bylimiting.\nthe❑umberofprescriptions thatcanbeshippedacrossstatelinesfromspecialized\ncompounding pharmacies.\n74’2!?!?signaturew’”\n91F4-1265Pieasefold,seal,andmailbyJune1\n.-— ..-. ..14,,.\n1[1111!43., ,,\n.,\n.&,;\n.,,, ..”..\n.,\nDOCKETS MANAGEMENT BRANCH (HFi.j&)- ‘<\nDOCKET NO.98N-1265\nFOODANDDRUGADMINETR4TION\n5600FISHERS LANE\nROCKVILLE, MD.20857"
} |
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"pdf_file": "A7KSCZYZQUBH6PEDXX3YKPP3NRNTAF2X.pdf",
"text": "213 Coast Guard, DHS § 149.333 \n§149.140 fails. This communication \nequipment must have an emergency power source. \n§ 149.326 What are the immersion suit \nrequirements? \nEach manned deepwater port, located \nNorth of 32 degrees North latitude, must comply with the immersion suit requirements in 46 CFR part 108. \n§ 149.327 What are the approval re-\nquirements for work vests and anti- exposure suits? \nAll work vests and anti-exposure \n(deck) suits, on a manned deepwater port, must be of a buoyant type ap-proved under: \n(a) Approval series 46 CFR 160.053 as a \nwork vest; \n(b) Approval series 46 CFR 160.053 or \n160.153 as an anti-exposure suit; or \n(c) Approval series 46 CFR 160.077 as a \ncommercial hybrid personal flotation device. \n§ 149.328 How must work vests and \nanti-exposure (deck) suits be stowed? \nAll work vests and deck suits must \nbe stowed separately from lifejackets and in a location that is not easily con-fused with a storage area for life-jackets. \n§ 149.329 How must work vests and \ndeck suits be marked? \nAll work vests and deck suits must \nbe marked with Type II retro-reflective material—approved under approval se-ries 46 CFR 164.018. \n§ 149.330 When may a work vest or \ndeck suit be substituted for a life-jacket? \n(a) A work vest or deck suit meeting \n§149.326 of this subpart may be used in-stead of a lifejacket, when personnel are working near or over water. \n(b) Work vests or deck suits may not \nbe substituted for any portion of the number of approved lifejackets re-quired to be on the deepwater port or an attending vessel for use during drills and emergencies. § 149.331 What are the requirements \nfor hybrid personal flotation de-vices? \n(a) The operator must ensure use and \nstowage of all commercial hybrid per-sonal flotation devices (PFDs) used as work vests under: \n(1) The procedures in the manual re-\nquired for these devices in 46 CFR 160.077–29; and \n(2) All limitations, if any, marked on \nthem. \n(b) All commercial hybrid PFDs on \nthe deepwater port must be of the same or similar design and must have the same method of operation. \n§ 149.332 What are the requirements \nfor inflatable lifejackets? \n(a) Each inflatable lifejacket must be \napproved under approval series 46 CFR 160.176. \n(b) All inflatable lifejackets on a \ndeepwater port must: \n(1) Be used and stowed under the pro-\ncedures in the manual required for these lifejackets under 46 CFR 160.176– 21; \n(2) Be marked with all limitations, if \nany; and \n(3) Be of the same or similar design \nand must have the same method of op-eration. \n§ 149.333 What are the marking re-\nquirements for lifesaving equip-ment? \n(a) Each lifeboat, rigid liferaft, and \nsurvival capsule must be marked on two opposite outboard sides with the name, number, or other inscription identifying the deepwater port on which placed and the number of per-sons permitted on the craft. Each pad-dle or oar for these crafts must be marked with an inscription identifying the deepwater port. The letters and numbers must be at least 100 millime-ters (3.94 inches) high on a contrasting background. \n(b) Each inflatable liferaft must be \nmarked to meet 46 CFR 160.151–33, and after each servicing, 46 CFR 160.151– 57(m). \n(c) All lifejackets and ring lifebuoys \nmust be conspicuously marked with the name, number, or other inscription identifying the deepwater port on which placed. The letters and numbers \nVerDate Aug<04>2004 08:44 Sep 02, 2004 Jkt 203127 PO 00000 Frm 00213 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\203127T.XXX 203127T"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "ESLT6O2ILYCNRFPEICP7QNQDZOWHLMUD.pdf",
"text": "Linda Sánchez Statement on Retirement of Congressman Dennis Cardoza (Oct 20, 2011)\n \nWashington, DC – Congresswoman Linda Sanchez released the following statement today in\nresponse to the announcement by Congressman Dennis Cardoza (CA-18) that he will retire at\nthe end of the 112th Congress.\n \n \n“During his 20 year career in elected office, Congressman Cardoza worked tirelessly on\nbehalf of his constituents and California. Dennis brought a common sense approach to \nCongress, and he consistently reached across the aisle to work towards achieving\nbipartisan agreement on an array of issues. \n \n \n“His retirement is a great loss to Congress and the California congressional delegation. \nI thank him for his service to our country and wish him and his family the best.”\n \n \n###\n \n \n 1 / 1"
} |
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"text": "~eA brief summary of financial proposals filed with and actions by the S.E.C. \n(In ord.rlng f,,11 t•• t of R.I.o... from P\"blleotlon. Unit, cit. numb.r) Washington 25, D.C. \nFOR R E LEASE --=F~e.::;.;br::.;:u::::a.::.ryt-::.2..1..' ..:1~96;:;.::2:..- -_ \nFIRST NATIONAL TV DISTRIBUTING FILES FOR STOCK OFFERING. First National Television Distributing Corp.,\n505 Park Avenue, New York, filed a registration statement (File 2-19721) with the SEC on January 29th seek-\ning registration of 200,000 shares of Class A capital stock, to be offered for public sale at $2 per share. \nThe offering will be made on an all or none basis by International Services Corp., which will receive a 30¢ \nper share commission and $20,000 for expenses. The statement also includes 20,000 outstanding Class A \nshares sold to certain officers of the underwriter by the principal stockholder at l¢ per share. \nThe company is engaged in the production, distribution, and sale of motion pictures and tapes for pre-\nsentation on television stations. It owns all television rights to 13 feature length motion pictures and \nbas exclusive foreign distribution rights to over 278 half hour TV aeries and certain international sport-\ning events. The $300,000 estimated net proceeds from tbe stock sale will be used to repay an obligation\nof $87,658.57 due to Walter E. Heller' Co., secured by pledging certain accounts receivable, and accrued \nofficer's salaries of $20,000. The balance will be used for working capital and other general corporate \npurposes.\nIn addition to certain indebtedness, the company has outstanding 20,000 Class A and 200,000 Class B \nshare a (after giving effect to a recent recapitalization wbereby such shares were issued in exchange for the \n903 capital shares then outstanding), acquired by present stockholders for an aggreaate cash investment of \n$5,000. Sale of stock to the public at $2 per share will result in an increase in the book value of stock \nnow outstanding from 32¢ to 88¢ per share and a corresponding dilution of $1.12 per share in the book equity\nof stock purcha.ed by the public. Bernard L. Schubert is president and principal stockholder. \nHAlWYN PUBLISHING FILES lOR STOCK OFFERING. Harwyn Publishing Corporation, 110 Varick Street, New York,\nfiled a registration statement (Pile 2-19722) with the SIC on January 29th seeking registration of 300,000\nshares of Class A common stock, to be offered for public sale on an all or none basis through underwriters \nheaded by Van Alstyne, Noel' Co. The public offering price and underwriting terms are to be/.uppl/ied by \namendment. The statement also includes 25,000 CIa .. A sbares underlying 5-year options to b~' .old.'to the \nunderwriter for $l,250.exercisable at the public offering price. I \nThe company ia engaged in the business of publishing and distributing illu.trated encyclopedic works \nexcluaively for children and also, through a subsidiary, Regal Advertising As.ociates Corp., operates an \nadvertising agency specializing in the sale of television and radio advertising spot time. The company has \npublished three works, \"Art Linkletter's Encyclopedia for Boys' Girls,\"''The Every-Child's Picture Encyclo-\npedia\" and the \"Harwyn Picture Encyclopedia,\" and is presently engaged in the editing and publishing for \nmarketing in mid-1962 of a fourth encyclopedic work in the Spanish language entitled \"Enciclopedia Infantil \nIlustrada.\" The net proceeds from the stock 8ale will initially be used as working capital for general \ncorporate purposes and may be used in part to acquire or create from time to time new literary properties \nin the publishing field designed primarily for children. In addition, $250,000 will be required as working\ncapital in connection with the operation of Regal Advertising Associates. \nThe company has outstanding 240,000 Class A oommon shares and 130,000 Clas. B capital shares. Exqui-\nsite Porm Brassiere, Inc. (of which Garson Reiner, a company director, is board chairman, pre.ident and \nprincipal stockholder) owns 31.251 of the Class A shares and Reiner 10.421. Exquisite received such sbares \nin September 1961 in exchange for all of the outstanding stock of Regal Advertising Corp. and certain spot\ntelevision and radio time. Of the outstanding Class B stock, Harvey R. Siegel, president, owns 85.771. \nSPENCER GIFTS FILES FOR OFFERING AND SECONDARY. Spencer Gifts, Inc., 1601 Albany Blvd., Atlantic City,\n~., filed a registration statement (Pile 2-19723) with the SEC on January 29th seeking registration of \n135,000 shares of common stock, of which 15,000 shares are to be offered for public sale by the company and \n120,000 shares, being out.tanding stock, by Max Adler, president, board chairman and sole stockholder. The \noffering will be made on an all or none basis through underwritera beaded by Carter, Berlind, Potoma , Weill. \nThe public offering price and underwritingterms are to be supplied by amendment. The statement also includes \n15,000 shares underlying 5-year warrants sold to the underwriter for $15,000, exercisable at a price to be \nsupplied by amendment.\nThe company operates a retail mail order business di.tributing selected general merchandise to custo-\nmers located throughout thy United States. The net proceeds from the company's sal. of additional stock \nwill be used to prepay a 5tt bank loan ($115,000) and for working capital. In addition to certain indebted-\nness, the company ha. out.tanding 285,000 .hare. of common stock, (after giving effect to a recent 540-for-l \nstock split). all of which (except for qualifying shares) are owned by Adler. As indicated, he proposes to \nsell 120,000 shares. \nVOLT TECHNICAL CORP. rILES lOR SEOONDARY. Volt Technical Corporation, 241 Qlurch Street, New York,\nfiled a registration state..nt (rile 2-19724) with the SEC on January 29th seeking regi.tration of 190,000\noutstanding shares of Class A stock, to be offered for public .ale by the holders thereof at $10.25 per share. \nThe offerlng will be made on an all or none ba.is by Andresen' Co., which will receive a 75¢ per sbare com-\nmission and $12,000 for expeDses. The pro'pectu. indicates that 15,000 share a will initially be offered by\nthe underwriters to company .-ployees without di.count and 20,000 to de.iane.s of the co.pany. Th. state-\nment also includ.s 15.000 .har •• underlyina 3-y.ar warrants to b. sold to the und.rwriter for $150, exercis-\nahle at $10.25 per share. SBC N 'II~ u~~ ~ R ..... .o;J.&.. ... LJ ..........\nShaw and Morton L. Olshan. vice presidents, all of the outstanding stock of five companies which previously\noperated as affiliates and now as subsidiaries. They received therefor an aggregate of 60,000 Class A and \n350,000 Class B shares. The net book value of four of said companies aggregated $300,000, the fifth repre-\nsenting a capital deficit of $18,000. \nThe company has outstanding 250,000 Class A and 350,000 Class B shares (after giving effect to said \ntransactions and a recent recapitalization whereby the 150 shares then outstanding were exchanged for 190,000\nClass A shares). The Class B stock is owned in equal amounts by said four management officials. William \nShaw and Friebank own 18,333 Class A shares each and propose to sell 63,333 shares each. In addition, \nJerome Shaw owns 18,334 Class A shares and proposes to sell 63,334 shares. Book value of all stock now \noutstanding is $1.91 per share. \nUNITED CAMERA EXCHANGE FILES FOR STOCK OFFERING. United Camera Exchange, Inc., 25 West 43rd Street,\nNew York, filed a registration statement (File 2-19725) with the SEC on January 29th seeking registration \nof 105,000 shares of common stock, to be offered for public sale at $3 per share. The offering will be \nmade on an all or none basis by M. G. Davis & Co., Inc., which will receive a 42i per share commission and \n$13,500 for expenses. the statement also includes 18,000 shares to be sold to the underwriter and an aggre-\ngate of 10,000 shares to be sold to Phylis &obley, Robert Ratner and Metropolitan Design, Inc., the finders,\nall at 10~ per share. \nThe company (formerly United Camera Exchange Co., Inc.) is engaged in the business of operating four \nretail stores which sell cameras, films and photographic supplies and equipment, in Manhattan, New York. It \nalso trades and buys used cameras and photographic equipment; sells radios, tape recorders, dictating machinel \nand photocopying machines; and provides a film developing and printing service at all of its stores. The \n$230,000 estimated net proceeds from the stock sale will be used to open two additional stores in the New \nYork midtown area and to open one or more discount concessions, if suitable locations are found, and the \nbalance will be used for general corporate purposes. \nIn addition to certain indebtedness, the company has outstanding 143,500 shares of common stock (after\ngiving effect to a recent recapitalization). Of such outstanding stock, Joseph Chernoff, president, and \nPaul Hellinger, secretary-traaaurer, own 491 and 42t. respectively. Sale of stock to the public at $3 per\nshare will result in an increase in the book value of stock now outstanding from 62¢ (5l¢ after giving\neffect to sale of the 28,000 shares at 10¢ per share) to $1.22 per share and a corresponding dilution of \n$1.18 per share in the book equity of stock purchased by the public. The prospectus indicates that the \ncompany has recently sold to its counsel, Helfand & Lesser, an additional 5.000 shares at l¢ per share. \nLEFCOURT REALTY SECURITIES IN REGIStRATION. Lefcourt Realty Corporation, 1000 16th Street, N. W., \nWashington, D. C., filed a registration statement (File 2-19126) with the SEC on January 29th seeking reg-\nistration of $2,000,000 of Six Year 6t Subordinated Debentures due January 1966 and 300,000 warrants to \npurchase 400,000 common shares at $2.50 per share. According to the prospectus, the debentures and warrants \nresult from the modification, by mutual agreement, of debentures and warrants previously issued by the \ncompany as of January 15, 1960, to a certain limited group of persons, which have advised the company they \nintend to offer the securities from time to time privately or in the over-the-counter market, as the market \nprice prevailing at the time of sale. The prospectus further indicates that the company in December 1959 \nborrowed $2,000,000 under an agreement with George Friedland, Max Kettner and their associates; and in ex-\nchange therefor it issued the $2,000,000 of debentures and 300,000 warrants. \nSOUTHEASTERN PROPANE GAS FILES FOR STOCK OFFERING. Southeastern Propane Gas Company, 611 duPont Plaza \nCenter, Miami, Fla., filed a registration statement (File 2-19129) with the SEC on January 30th seeking\nregistration of 15,000 shares of common stock, to be offered for public sale through underwriters headed \nby A. C. Allyn & Co. and Bioren & Co. the public offering price and underwriting terms are to be supplied \nby amendment.\nthe company (formerly Natural Gas Company of Florida) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Southeastern \nPublic Service Company (of New York) and is engaged in the sale of liquefied petroleum gas and related \nmerchandise. Net proceeds from the stock sale will be used for general corporate purposes, including\npossible acquisitions. It has outstanding 100,000 shares of common stock, all owned by the parent and \npledged a. security for borrowings by the parent. Charles J. Gregory is president. Management officials \nas a group own 3.3t of the outstanding stock of the parent. \nHELIX 1960 SHAI&S IN REGISTRATION. Helix 1960, Inc., 4265 Summit Drive, La Me.a, Calif., filed a \nregistration statement (File 2-19121) with the SEC on January 29th seeking registration of 100,000 shares \nof common stock, to be offered in exchange for real property or interests therein or trust deeds on real \nproperty. the valuations placed on such shares and the properties will be negotiated by the company and \nthe owners of such assets. the statement also includes 11,240 share. to be issued to directors in exchange \nfor certain services. No underwriting is involved. \nthe company was organized in 1960 for the purpose of purchasing, developing, managing and/or selling \nreal property, initially in Southern California. It has entered into a joint venture agreement with Helix \nLand Company, Inc. and T. G. Lambron & Associates, Inc. the company holds a one-third interest in the joint\nventure, which has purchased about 600 acres of unimproved real property in the cities of San Diego and \nImperial Beach, Calif. the company has also pur~hased by itself about 40 acres of unimproved real property \nand a city lot improved with a store building. the 600-acre property was purchased in two separate trans-\nactions for a total cost of $1,415,236. Presently, tru8t deed8 on the property total $1,233,346 securing \nnotes requiring payments each year of $185,900. the property consists primarily of low swampy land, 80me \nof which is under water. According to the prospectus, the property is considered suitable for development \nafter sub.tantial earth moving and filling as a marina type residential subdivision. the 40-acre property\nwas purchased for $120,500, subject to a trust deed having a balance of $64,000, and the company also has \npurchased an old commercial building in La Mesa, Calif., for $35,000, subject to a trust deed having a \nbalance of $32,000. the company entered into a 7-year advisory service contract in 1960 with Lambron & \nAssociates and Helix Land, and has employed the services of the boards of directors of both companies for \nthis purpose. The fee under said contract is payable in common stock rather than in cash to preserve the \nthe company's working capital; and the maximum total seven-year advisory service fee will be 17,766 shRres , ' ••J •~ .. Page , ~ \nof common stock or 21 of the annual outstanding and paid for common stock whichever figure is the lesser. \nThe company issued 526 of its shares under the contract for the fiscal year ended April 30. 1961. The \ncompanies receiving the 2~ advisory services fee are to use the same exclusively for the purpose of compen-\nsating the officers and directors on a basis of 50 per cent to Theodore G. Lambron. who will act as chief \nexecutive officer of the company (president and board chairman) and 50 per cent to all 9 members of the \nboard of directors of the company.\nThe company has outstanding 49.086 shares of common stock. of which 48.500 shares were sold for cash \nat $8.75 per share. Management officials as a group own 4.l7~ of the outstanding stock. They also own \nl8.5~ and 3l~ respectively. of the outstanding stock of Helix Land and T. G. Lambron & Associates. \nJAAP PENRAAT ASSOCIATES FILES FOR STOCK OFFERING. Jaap Penraat Associates, Inc •• 315 Central Park West,\nNew York, filed a registration statement (File 2-19728) with the SEC on January 30th seeking registration of \n100,000 shares of common stock. to be offered for public sale at $3 per share. The offering will be made \non a best efforts basis by R. F. Dowd & Company, Inc., which will receive a 45¢ per share selling commission \nand $15,000 for expenses. The statement also includes (1) 25,000 shares underlying 5-year warrants to be \nsold to the underwriter at l¢ each (at the rate of one warrant for each four shares sold), exercisable at \n$3 per share, (2) 15,000 outstanding shares recently purchased by Corporate Funding Corp for $15,000, and \n(3) 1,548 outstanding shares recently purchased by certain friends of management for $3,850. \nThe company was organized under New York law in Hay 1961 and is engaged in the business of interior \nand industrial design previously conducted by Jaap Penraat, its president. A subsidiary, Visual Programming,\nInc. was recently organized to engage in the business of developing, designing, producing and marketing self-\ninstructional educational courses geared to school students. adult education. and industrial, commercial and \nmilitary personnel. The $217,500 estimated net proceeds from the stock sale will be used to develop and \nproduce basic programs and refinement of teaching machines for the subsidiary, for organization of a sales \nforce and sales program to promote the sale of teaching machines and programs. for an intensified sales cam-\npaign to increase billings of the company, for acquisition of new facilities, and for working capital. \nIn addition to certain indebtedness, the company has outstanding 122,000 shares of common stock (after\ngiving effect to a recent 2-for-1 stock split). of which Penraat, and Wallace C. Vogt, vice president, own \n54.9~ and 3l.4~, respectively. Penraat obtained his shares in exchange for assets, less liabilities, in \nthe net amount of $3,352, and Vogt obtained his shares in exchange for assuming a $1,000 liability of the \ncompany and for giving the company his promissory note in the amount of $921. Sale of new stock at $3 per \nshare will result in an increase in the book value of stock now outstanding from 8¢ to $1.02 per share and \na corresponding dilution of $1.98 per share in the book equity of stock purchased by the public. \nSWIFT FILES SAVINGS PLAN. Swift & Company, 115 West Jackson Blvd., Chicago, filed a registration state-\nment (File 2-19730) with the SEC on January 30th seeking registration of $2,246,400 of participations in its \nSavings and Security Plan, and 10,000 shares of common stock which may be acquired pursuant thereto. \nADR'S FOR ROGOSIN INDUSTRIES FILED. Bankers Trust Company, of New York, filed a registration statement\n(File 2-19733) with the SEC on January 30th seeking registration of American Depositary Receipts for\n1,377,860 ordinary shares of Rogosin Industries of Israel, Ltd.\nSEC REPORTS ON WINDERMERE HOTEL REORGANIZATION. The SEC today filed a report with the U. S. District \nCourt in Chicago on the fairness and feasibility of two plans for reorganization of Windermere Hotel Company,\nwhich owns and operates the Windermere East Hotel in Chicago (Release CR-162). One plan, proposed by the \nTrustee and sponsored by Richard Goodman, a bondholder, provides for the issuance of $1,598,000 of new 5~ \n20-year debentures and 31,960 shares of common stock by the reorganized company, all to holders of the \n$3,196,000 of presently outstanding bonds (stockholders would not participate under either plan). The new \ndebentures and common stock would be distributed on the basis of $50 of debentures and one share for each \n$100 bond; and the new debentures would be junior in rank to a new first mortgage of $1,000,000 the proceeds \nof which would be used for capital improvements. As an alternative, the bondholders (other than Goodman) \nmay elect to receive from Goodman $70 in cash for each $100 bond (in lieu of the $50 debenture and one share).\nThe other plan, proposed by Max Shlensky, another bondholder, provides that present bondholders would re-\nceive for each $100 bond either (i) $70 in cash or (ii) $20 in cash plus a new $50 bond of the reorganized \ncompany.\nThe Commission concluded that both plans were fair, equitable and feasible in their provision for an \nidentical all-cash payment to present bondholders of $10 1n cash and the exclUSion of present stockholders \nfrom participation. However, the Commission contended that, for various stated reasons, the alternative \nproposals in each plan are not feasible. The Commission also urged that the indebtedness of the reorganized\ncompany should not exceed $1,600,000. \nFOUR STOCKS ACCORDED UNLISTED TPAnING. The SEC has issued orders under the Securities Exchange Act \n(Release 34-6723) granting applications (1) of the Boston Stock Exchange for unlisted trading privileges in \nthe common stocks of Laboratory for Electronics and Pan American Sulphur; and (2) of the Pbiladelphia-Balti -\nmore Stock Exchange for such privileges in the common stocks of Litton Industries and San Diego Imperial. \nGILCHRIST SEEKS ORDER. The SEC has issued ~n order (Releas. 34-6123) giving interested persons until\nFebruary 16th to request a hearing on an application of Gilchrist eo.pany to withdraw its c~n stock from\nlisting on the Boston Stock Exchange (the stock remains listed On tbe Aaerican Stock Excbanle).\nU.S. DIVERSIFIED INDUSTRIES DELISTED. The SEC bas granted an application of tbe Pittsburgh Stock Ex\n-\nchange to de1ist the common stock of United States Diversified Industries. effective close of business\nFebruary 16th, because ita 1960 annual report is incoaplete .nd unacceptable (&alease 34-6723).\nWEST PENN POWER PROPOSES BOND SALE. The SIC has issued en order UDder the Bolding eo.paay Act (Rele.se\n35-14570) giving interested persons until February 20th to request. h.arinl upoa th. proposal of west Penn\n SEC NEWS DIGEST, FEBRUARY 2, 1962 Page 4 \nUNITED CORP. SEEKS ORDER. The United Corporation, New York investment company. has applied to the SEC \nfor an exemption order under the Investment Company Act with respect to its proposed purchase fro. Charles \nB. McDonald, of Cleveland, of 20,000 shares of common stock of True Temper Corporation. and the Com.ission \nhas issued an order (Release IC-3416) giving interested persons until February 15th to request a hearing\nthereon. United owns 389.154 shares (36.6~) of True Temper common. It proposed to purchase the 20,000\nshare block from McDonald. a director of True Temper. at a price related to the market for the stock on the \nAmerican Stock Exchange. \nK-S FUNDS FILES FOR OFFERING. K-S Funds. Inc., 200 South Michigan Avenue. ChicalO. filed a registration\nstatement (File 2-19734) with the SEC on January 31st seeking registration of $7.000.000 of commitments to \nits gas and oil exploration and development program. The offering will be made in maximum basic commitments \nof $4.000 and with an estimated maxtmum assessment thereon of $3.000 for the costs of completing and eqUip-\nping initial wells which are believed to have encountered commercial production. No underwriting is involved. \nThe company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of King-Stevenson Gas and Oil Company. a Nevada corporation.\nK-S funds will offer to selected persons (Co-owners) to enter into or maintain in effect Exploration and \nDevelopment Agreements under which King-Stevenson will engage on behalf of such persons in the exploration\nfor gas and oil on a continuing basis. using funds supplied pursuant to co-owners'commitments under such \nAgreements. The exploration program shall be operated and managed by King-Stevenson. which shall receive \nfor its services: (a) an amount equal to 6~ of the quarterly ad~ances and the costs of completing and \nequipping exploratory wells believed to have encountered commercial production. (b) an overriding royalty\ninterest in each lease which shall bear the same relationship to 6.25~ of the total production from such \nlease as the co-owners' working interest bears to the total working interest in such lease. (c) after the \nco-owners have recovered all expenditures relating to a lease, 25~ of the co-owners' net profits arising \nfrom that lease. King-Stevenson shall also be reimbursed for all direct costs incurred on behalf of the \nco-owners. Paul D. Bagwell is president of both K-S Funds and King-Stevenson. \nADR'S FOR UNILEVER LTD. FILED. Irving trust Company. of New York. filed a registration statement \n(File 2-19736) with the SEC on February 1st seeking registration of American Depositary Receipts for \n5.000.000 American shares (representing ordinary shares) of Unilever Limited. \nHOLIDAY MOBILE HOME RESORtS FILES FOR STOCK OFFERING. Holiday Mobile Home Resorts, Inc., 4344 East \nIndian School Road. Phoenix, Ariz., filed a registration statement (File 2-19735) with the SEC on January\n31st seeking registration of 3.500.000 shares of common stock and five-year warrants to purchase an addi-\ntional 700,000 shares at $10 per share. to be offered for public sale in units consisting of 5 shares and \none warrant. The offering will be made at $50 per unit by management officials. licensed securities dealers \nwhich may be employed by the company or by registered broker-dealers. and a commission of $5 per unit will \nbe paid for such sales. The statement also includes an additional 700.000 shares underlying like warrants \nto be issued to original stockholders of the company in proportion to their holdings.\nThe company was organized under Arizona law in August 1961 for the purpose of developing and operating\nmobile home resorts and related businesses throughout the United States primarily through subsidiary corpora-\ntions. Construction is virtually complete and operations are just beginning at two mobile home resorts \nlocated in Phoenix and in Moab. Utah. Land is said to be under contract throughout the country in or near \nurban areas for the development of such resorts by subsidiary companies yet to be formed. the plans for \nwhich are in various stages of development along with related production and service businesses adjacent\nto the resorts. The two resorts which are beginning operations were constructed with funds received under \nFederal Housing Administration insured mortgages. The net proceeds from the stock sale (and exercise of \nwarrants) will be used as follows: $10.000.000 to retire as it falls due existing indebtednell from paat\noperations. on bank loans and on contracts for the purchase of real property already entered into. \n$15.000.000 to develop and construct resort facilities on real property already under contract. $6.000.000 \nfor additional working capital. $1.650.000 to purchase additional real estate for resort development. and \n$5,500.000 to develop and construct resort facilities on additional real estate which may be purchaled.\nIn addition to certain indebtedness. the company has outstanding 181.460 sharel of common stock, of \nwhich Royden Brown. president. and Lomond L. Jolley. a vice president. own 63.22~ and 15.43~, respectively.\nand management officials as a group 95.45~. Of the 700,000 warrants to be iSlued to original stockholders. \nBrown and Jolley will receive 442.505 and 49,185 respectively. Sale of the units to the public at $50 per\nunit will result in an increase in the book value of stock now outstanding from $2.07 to $8.47 per share \nand a corresponding dilution in the book equity of stock purchased by the public. \nCONSOLIDATED NATURAL GAS PROPOSES DEBENTURE OFFERING. Consolidated Natural Gas Company. 30 Rockefeller \nPlaza, New York. filed a registration statement (File 2-19737) with the SEC on February 1st seeking registra-\ntion of $25,000.000 of debentures due 1987. to be offered for public sale at competitive bidding. The net \nproceeds from the debenture lale will be added to treasury funds and will be used to finance in part the \n1962 construction program of the company's system. The system expects to make plant expenditures in 1962 of \nabout $69.600.000. \nSECURITIES ACT REGISTRAtIONS. Effective February 1: The Quaker Oats Company (File 2-19435). John \nRogers Company (File 2-19189). Shatterproof Glass Corp. (File 2-19213). S110 Discount Centers. Inc. (File\n2-19301). Effective February 2: Philippine Oil Development Company, Inc. (File 2-18961). Withdrawn \nFebruary 1: Austin Continental Industries. Inc. (File 2-19293). \n---0000000--\n -"
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"pdf_file": "S3I3API6I4IWOFIMIOVLVJEE3XHPEYBG.pdf",
"text": "Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 1 4/1/2009 \nBoard Certified GALs \nAlphabetical Listing \n \nAbels, Linda F. \nP.0. Box No. 775 \nManchester, N.H. 03105 603-703-5949 abelslinda@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Prob ate, District, Family \nSuperior Courts: Hillsborough N & S, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate: Hillsborough N & S. Merrimack, Rockingham District: Hillsborough N & S, Merrimack, Rockingham Family: Hillsborough N & S, Merrimack, Rockingham \nAlfano, Michael, J.D. \nP.O. Box 4031 \nPortsmouth, NH 03802-4031 603.436.2073 Alfanolw@worldpath.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham, Strafford Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Goffstown, Hampton, Hillsborough, \nManchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua , Plaistow, Portsmouth, Rochester, \nSalem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nAshford, Linda, J.D. \n26 S. Main Street #282 \nConcord, NH 03301 603.224.8383 lashford@ashfordlaw.info\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsb orough (N only), Merrimack \nProbate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack District Courts: Concord, Franklin, Goffst own, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, New London, \nManchester \n \nAtkins, Michael, J.D. \n7 School Street \nP.O. Box No. 457 Peterborough, NH 03458 603-924-4999 mja@atkinslaw.net\n \n Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Cheshire, Hi llsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham \nProbate Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 2 4/1/2009 District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Jaffrey/Peterbor ough, Keene, Manchester, Merrimack, \nMilford, Nashua, New London, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nNon-marital/custody issues only \n \nBaker, Deanna, J.D. \n195 McGregor Street, Suite 110 \nManchester, NH 03102-3749 Training: Superior, Probate, District District Court: Carroll; Cheshire; Hillsbor oough; Merrimack; Sullivan \n \n Bellanti, Lisa J. \n42 Crystal Avenue \nDerry, NH 03038 603.434.9776 lbellanti@topianolawoffice.com\n \nProbate: Rockingham \nBenner, Patricia L. J.D. \nLaw Offices of Patric ia L. Benner, PLLC \nCarriage House 12 Middle Street Amherst, NH 03031 603-673-5800 \npbenner1989verizon.net \nCriminal Only: Hillsborough \nBennett, Ann Thompson \nP.O. No. 5398 \nManchester, NH 03109 (603) 668-7774 gal@thompsonlawpllc.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District \nSuperior Court, Hillsborough Sout h (Merrimack, Milford, Nashua) \nFamily Court: Hillsborough, Rockingham and Merrimack District Courts: Hillsborough N and S. Merrimack and Rockingham Probate :Hillsborough Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 3 4/1/2009 Bennett, Paul, J.D. \n130 Middle Street, Suite 1 \nManchester, NH 03101 603.644.5813 nhlitig8@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Portsmouth, Salem \nBernson, Tracy, J.D. \n824 Central Avenue \nDover, NH 03820 603.516-2878 bernsonta@hotmail.com Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Carroll, Hillsborou gh, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Carroll, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford Family Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth \nBishop, Floreen Keifer, M.S. \nP.O. Box 4332 \nWhite River Junction, VT 05001-4332 \n802.885.1282 \nfrkbishop@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Cheshire, Grafton, Sullivan Probate Courts: Cheshire, Grafton, Sullivan District Courts: Claremont, Haverhill, Jaffrey/Peterborough, Keen e, Lebanon, Littleton, \nNewport, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Claremont, Lebanon, Little ton, Newport, North Haverhill, Plymouth \n \nBlaine, Quentin, J.D. \nP.O. Box 946 \nPlymouth, NH 03264 603.536.2910 blainelaw@adelphia.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Grafton Probate Courts: Grafton District Courts: Plymouth Family Division: Plymouth Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 4 4/1/2009 Blais, Nancy, M.Ed. \nP.O. Box 304 \nEliot, ME 03903 603-312-9996 blaiser43@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Strafford, Rockingham Probate Courts: Strafford, Rockingham District Courts: Dover, Durham, Exeter , Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Rochester \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Portsmouth \nBolduc, Barry \nPO Box 6372 \nLaconia, NH 03247-6372 603-520-6353 E-mail: bgrbolduc@verizon.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Dist rict, Family Division: \nSuperior Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Grafton, Merrimack, \nDistrict Courts: Laconia, Concord, Franklin, Plymouth, Ossipee, Haverhill, Lebanon, Littleton \n \nBortnick, George, M.A. \n9 Loon Avenue \nConcord, NH 03303 603-226-6606 bmediation@comcast.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District \nSuperior Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Sullivan \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Graft on, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Sullivan \nDistrict Courts: Concord, Franklin, Goffst own, Henniker, Laconia, Manchester, Newport \nFamily Division: Claremont, Laconia, Leba non, Littleton, Newport, Ossipee, Plymouth \n \nBraiterman, David J. \n104 North State Street \nConcord, NH 03301 603.228.1484 dbraiterman@nhfamilylaw.com\n \nDistrict: Belknap; Hillsborough, Merrimack; Rockingham \nBrigham, Peter D. M.S. \n61 Est Main Street \nP.O. Box No. 550 Hillsborough, NH 03244 603-464-5779 Peteruns26@gmail.com Training: Superior, Probate, District \nDistrict: Belknap, Laconia Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 5 4/1/2009 Cheshire: Jeffrey/Peterborough; Keene \nHillsborough N. Hillsborough Merrimack, Concord; Franklin; Henniker Family: Belknap, Littleton \n \n Brink, Linda L. \n16 Summer Drive \nLondonderry, NH –03053 Lbrink1009@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Court: Rockingham Probate Court: Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Exeter , Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nBrown, Nancy K., J.D. \n24 Hanover Street, Suite 9 \nLebanon, NH 03766 603.443.4199 NancyKBrown@surfglobal.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Grafton, Sullivan Probate Courts: Grafton, Sullivan District Courts: Lebanon Family Division: Claremont, Leba non, Plymouth, Newport, North Haverhill \n \n Brown, Susan A., M.A. \n297 Main Street \nP.O. Box 354 Franconia, NH 03580 603.823.7701 sbrown@ncia.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Coos, Grafton Probate Courts: Coos, Grafton District Courts: Berlin, Cole brook, Gorham, Haverhill, Lancaste r, Lebanon, Littleton, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Berlin, Colebrook, Lancaste r, Lebanon, Littleton, North Haverhill, Plymouth \n \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 6 4/1/2009 \nBrown, Susan E.S., M.A. \n1260 Dartmouth College Highway \nNorth Haverhill, NH 03774 603.989.5931 roaringcreekfarm@charter.net\n \n*Language Skills: French, Italian, Spanish Training: Superior, Probate, District District: Belknap; Coos; Gr afton; Sullivan; Rockingham \n \nBrunette, Peter, J.D. \nDHHS, Division of Juvenile Justice Services \n1056 North River Road Manchester, NH 03104 603.625.5471 x 380 prbrunette@dhhs.state.nh.us\n \nLanguage Skills: Spanish Training: Superior, Probate, Di strict (Inactive per letter 6/07) \n \n \nBunker, Steven \n3 Pleasant Street, Suites 5-6 \nP.O. Box 225 603.856-7347 bunkerlaw@verizon.net\n \n Training: Probate \nProbate Court: Belknap, Graft on,Chesire, Hillsborough, Rockingham \nFamily: Belknap, Grafton, Merrimack, Rockingham , Sullivan \nSuperior: Belknap, Cheshire, Hillsbo rough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Sullivan \nDistrict: Belknap, Graft on, Hillsborough, Merrimack \n \nBurns, Christopher R. J.D. \n2 Greenleaf Woods Drive \nPortsmouth, NH 03801 603-436-5770 cburns@burnsls.com\n \nTraining: Superior; Probate; District; Family; and General \nSuperior Court: Rockingham and Strafford Probate Court: Rockingham and Strafford District: Rockingham – Derry Brentwood, Portsmout h; Salem; Strafford: Dover and Rochester \nFamily Court: Rockingham – Brentwood, Derry, Port smouth and Salem; Strafford: Dover and \nRochester Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 7 4/1/2009 Buxton, Deborah, M.S.W. \nP.O. Box 224 \nGreenfield, NH 03047 603.533.7277 d_buxton@adelphia.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough Probate Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough District Courts: Goffstown, Hillsborough, Jaffrey/Peterborough, Keene, Manchester, \nMerrimack, Milford, Nashua \n \n \n Callanan, Mary Ann, J.D. \n1650 Elm Street, Suite 301 \nManchester, NH 03101 603.622.2224 Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nCameron, John, J.D. \n174 Court Street \nLaconia, NH 03246 603.528.2200 johncameron@cameronlaw.us\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Ca rrol, Grafton, Merrimack \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Carrol, Grafton, Merrimack District Courts: Carrol (N & S) Concord, Fra nklin, Haverhill, Henniker, Hooksett, Laconia, \nLebanon, Littleton, New London, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Conway, Laconia, Lebanon, L ittleton, North Haverhill, Ossipee, Plymouth \nWill consider Coos, Hillsborough courts \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 8 4/1/2009 Cantor, Alan, J.D. \nP.O. Box 7085 \nLoudon, NH 03307 603.682.5400 Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough (N only), Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Concord, Derry, Frankli n, Goffstown, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, \nLaconia, Manchester, New London \nFamily Division: Derry, Laconia \nCarrier, Pamela \nP.O. Box 768 \nConway, NH 03818 603.662.9810 carrierpjnj@ncia.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Carrol Probate Courts: Belknap, Carrol District Courts: Carrol (N & S), Laconia Family Division: Conway, Laconia, Ossipee \nCarter, Cindee \n50 Greene Road \nHillsborough, NH 03244 603.340.1040 Training: Superior \nSuperior Courts: Cheshire, Merrimack, Sullivan \n \nCaulfield, Joseph, J.D. \n23 Factory Street, Suite 2 \nNashua, NH 03060 603.579.9700 JosephCaufield@JosephCaulfield.com Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsb orough, Rockingham , Merrimack \nProbate Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham, Merrimack District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Goffstown, Hampton, Hillsborough, Manchester, \nMerrimack, Milford, Nashua, Pl aistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 9 4/1/2009 Cavanaugh, Mark, \nP.O. Box 1313 \nLondonderry, NH 03053 603.434.5593 landandsea24@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Hillsboro ugh, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, D over, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, Goffstown, \nHampton, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Laconia, Manchester, Merrimack, \nMilford, Nashua, New London, Plaistow , Portsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Portsmouth, Salem \nCellamare, Kathy Ann, J.D. \nLaw Office of Kathy Ann Cellamare \n23 Factory Street, Suite #7 Nashua, NH 03060 603.821.5276 nhlawyermom@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough (S only) Probate Courts: Hillsborough District Courts: Merrimack, Milford, Nashua \nCapelas, Jack, J.D. \nP.O. Box 3672 \nConcord, NH 03301 \n603.225.4227 jncnh@comcast.net\n \n*Language Skills: some Portuguese Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Strafford Probate Courts: Strafford District Courts: Dove r, Durham, Rochester \n \nChrystal, Deanne J.D. \nLaw Office of Deanne Chrystal, PLLC \n18 Pleasant St Lincoln, NH 03251 603-745-8329 attychrystal@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probat e, District and General \nSuperior Courts; Coos and Grafton Probate Court: Coos and Grafton Family Courts: Lancaster, Littleton, North Haverhill and Plymouth (Coos and Grafton) \nDistrict Court: Grafton – Haverhill, Lancaster, Littleton and Plymouth Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 10 4/1/2009 \nClauss, Patricia \nP.O. Box 6681 \nLaconia, NH 03247-6681 603.387.4793 pclauss@metrocast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Family Division: Laconia \nCollman, Karen C., M.Ed. \nP.O. Box 88 \nFranconia, NH 03580 603.823.7457 karencollman@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Coos, Grafton \nCooper, Margo \n196 Main Street, Suite #211 \nNashua, NH 03060 603-882-4506 Training: Superior, Probate, District \nSuperior Court: Hillsborough S. Probate Court : Hillsborough S. District Court: Nashua, Merrimack, \n \nCorson, Clark T. T. \nP.O. Box 522 \nDover, NH 03821-0522 603.742.2212 or 603.568.3790 intcapstrat@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Carroll, Coos, Hills borough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Carroll, Coos, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Carroll, (N & S), C oncord, Derry, Dover, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, \nGoffstown, Hampton, Henniker, Hi llsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, \nMerrimack, Milford, Nashua, New London, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Berlin, Brentwood, Colebr ook, Conway, Derry, La ncaster, Ossipee, \nPortsmouth, Salem \n \nCox, David \nP.O. Box No. 7011 \nMilford, NH 03055-7011 603-759-3070 dccNHGAL@gmail.com\n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 11 4/1/2009 Training, Superior Probate, District \nHillsborough and Merrimack \nCraig, Tina \nP.O. Box 445 \nChocorua, NH 03817 603.986.1502 tjc78@adelphia.net\n \n*Language skills: Wolofe, French Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Carroll Probate Courts: Carroll District Courts: Carroll (N & S) Family Division: Conway, Ossipee \nCramer, Elizabeth, M.Ed. \n5 Buttonwood Drive \nDerry, NH 03038 603.437.6649 eliz_cramer@hotmail.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merr imack, Rockingham, Strafford \nDistrict: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Dover, Durh am, Exeter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, \nHenniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Manche ster, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nCronin, RoAnne (Hubbard) \n55 Mountain Road \nBennington, NH 03442 603.588.2737 RoAnneCronin@tds.net\n \nTraining: Superior, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough District Courts: Goffstown, Hillsborough, Ma nchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua \n \nCuetara, Paul \n58 Winnicut Road \nNorth Hampton, NH 03862 603.498.0242 gal-pc@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Dover, Durham, Exeter , Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Rochester Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 12 4/1/2009 Family Division: Brentwood, Portsmouth \n \nCunningham, Timothy M. \nPO Box 1422 \nDover, NH 1422 Dover, NH 03820 603.742.2325 resolutionsnh@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District. Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford Family Courts: Brentwood, Portsmouth, Salem \nCyr, Gail M. \nMountain View Mediation \nP.O. Box 40 Milan, NH 03588 603.752.3446 gmcyr@verizon.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ca rroll, Coos, Grafton \nProbate Courts: Carroll, Coos, Grafton District Courts: Berlin, Carro ll County (N & S) Colebrook, Go rham, Haverhill, Lancaster, \nLebanon, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Berlin, Colebrook, Conway, Lancaster, Lebanon, Littleton, N. Haverhill, \nOssipee, Plymouth \n \n \nCrusco, Kysa M. \nCrusco Law Office, PLLC J.D. \n116 S. River Rd – Bldg H Bedford, NH 03110 603-627-3668 E-mail: Kysa@cruscolaw.com Trining: Superior, Probate, District, Family Division \nSuperior Court: Hillsborough N. Hillsborough S. Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Court: Hillsborough N. Hillsborough S. Merrimack, Rockingham District Court: Manchest er, Hooksett, Goffstown \nFamily Court: Brentwood, Derry Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 13 4/1/2009 Daniels, Robert, J.D. \n127 Main Street, Suite 1 \nNashua, NH 03060 603.598.8655 rdaniels@conversent.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Portsmouth, Salem \nDavidson, Amy Beth J.D. \nP.O. Box 73 \nPittsfield, NH 03263 603-435-5105 abdavidsonlaw@msn.com\n \nTraining: Superior. Prob ate, District ,Family \nSuperior Courts: All Probate Courts: All District Courts: All Family Courts: Bellknap; Carroll; Coos; Grafton; Rockingham, Sullivan \nDavis, Kimberly \nP.O. Box 630 \n225 Water St \nExeter Street Exeter, NH 03033 603—778-0686 kdavis@dtclawyers.com\n \nSuperior, Probate, District, Family Division Rockingham and Strafford \nDecker, Suzanne, J.D. \nP.O. Box 838 \nHillsborough, NH 03244 603.464.0113 sdeckerlas@hotmail.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Cheshire, Hi llsborough, Merrimack, Sullivan \nProbate Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Sullivan District Courts: Claremont, Concord, Frank lin, Goffstown, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, \nJaffrey/Peterborough, Keene, Manchester , Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Newport \nFamily Division: Claremont, Newport Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 14 4/1/2009 Defusco, Karen S. B.A. \nP.O. Box No. 465 \nHenniker, NH 03242 (603-748-1640) Karen.defusco@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probat e, District and Family \nSuperior: Hillsborough N – Hillsborough Merrimack: Concord, Hooksett District: Hillsborough N – Hillsborough Merrimack, Concord, Hooksett Family: Goffstown, Concord, and Hooksett Probate: Hillsborough N – Hillsborough Merrimack, Concord, Hooksett \n \n Denenberg, Susan, J.D. \nP.O. Box 1142 \nPortsmouth, NH 03802-1142 603.427.5533 *Other language skills: Spanish Training: Probate Probate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford \nDimanna, Dawn E., J.D. \n2 Marshall Road, Ste. K. \nKingston, NH 03848 603-642-9150 ddimanna@dimannalaw.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Prob ate, District, General \nSuperior: Hillsborough North and Rockingham Probate: Hillsborough North and Rockingham District: Hillsborough N and Rockingham Family: Rockingham – Manchester; Hillsborough; Goffstown \nDolph, Elaine, M.Ed. \nP.O. Box 193 \nDurham, NH 03824 603.659.3916 ekdolph@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 15 4/1/2009 Family Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nDonohue, Joyce, J.D. \nGlidden & Donohue, PLLC \n298 Pleasant Street, PO Box 651 Laconia, NH 03247 603.528.3690 jmdonohue1@myfairpoint.net\n \n Training: Superior, Probate, District : Belknap, Carroll, Coos, Grafton, Merrimack, \nRockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Coos, Grafton, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nDistrict Courts: Auburn, Berlin, Carroll (N & S), Colebrook, Concord, Derry, Dover, Durham, \nExeter, Franklin, Gorham, Hampton, Haverhill, Henniker, Hooksett, Laconia, Lancaster, \nLebanon, Littleton, New London, Plaistow, Pl ymouth, Portsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Berlin, Brentwood, Colebrook, Conway, Derry, Laconia, Lancaster, Lebanon, \nLittleton, North Haverhill, Ossipe e, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Salem (Not \naccepting marital cases) \n \nDriscoll, John F., J.D. \n155 Fleet Street \nPortsmouth, NH 03801 603.766.0466 JdriscollLaw@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford \nDistrict courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Durh am, Exeter, Hampton, Pl aistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Portsmouth \nDunnington, Thomas C. Jr. \n230 Washington Street \nDover, NH 03820 603.742.1450 TCDJrLaw@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior Court Superior Court: Carroll , Rockingham, Strafford \n \nDwyer, Daniel \n20 Powers Circle \nMerrimack, NH 030354 603.440.5013 Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 16 4/1/2009 District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem Ecker, Sara, M.Ed . \n199 Stowell Road Thetford Center, VT 05075 802.785.4486 sara.ecker@valley.net\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Grafton \n \nEdmunds, Everett \nP.O. Box 664 \nWindham, NH 03087 603.344.3208 Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Hillsboro ugh, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, D over, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, Goffstown, \nHampton, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Laconia, Manchester, Merrimack, \nMilford, Nashua, New London, Plaistow , Portsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Portsmouth, Salem \nElliott, Adriana Troxell \nP.O. Box No. 340 \nKeene, NH 03431 603-358-1064 adrianaelliot@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: District Superior Court: Cheshire \nFeeney, Catherine, J.D. \nP.O. Box 389 \nNewport, NH 03773 603.863.1252 cathy@feeneylaw.com\n \nTraining: District District Courts: Claremont, Concord, Fra nklin, Henniker, Hooksett, New London, Newport \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 17 4/1/2009 Finamore, Michael, J.D. \n594 Broad Street \nNashua, NH 03063 603.882.2778 mjfinamore@comcast.net\n \n*Other language skills: some Spanish Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHooksett, Hillsborough, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \n Fox, John E. \n218 Perkins Road \nSanbornton, NH 03269 603-630-5272 E-mail: Fox.JohnFox@gmail.com\n \n Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Court: Belknap, Merrimack Probate: Belknap, Merrimack \nDistrict: Laconia, Concord, Fra nklin, Henniker, Hooksett, New London \n \nFouliard, Nicole J. J.D. \nP.O. Box 574 \nBradford, NH 03221 603-938-2641 E-mail njf@tds.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Prob ate, District, Probate \nSuperior Belknap, Carroll, Cheshire, C oos, Grafton, Hillsborough N & S Merrimack, \nRockingham, Strafford and Sullivan Probate Belknap, Carroll, Cheshire, C oos, Grafton, Hillsborough N & S Merrimack \nRockingham, Strafford and Sullivan District: All as listed above Family: All as listed above \nFrim, Patricia Ann \nP.O. Box 413 \nAcorn Acres Rye, N H 603-436-4939 Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 18 4/1/2009 E-mail: pafrimjd@verizon.net \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, Dover, Durham, Rochester \n \nGagne, Lynda, Ph.D. \n571 Mammoth Road, Unit 21 \nPelham, NH 03076 603.774.2566 lynda.gagne@dartmouth.edu\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack \nGarber, Benjamin D., Ph.D. \n32 Daniel Webster Highway, Suite 7 \nMerrimack, NH 03054 603.879.9100 papaben@healthyparent.com\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Hillsborough \nWill consider others \nGarner, Christopher J., J.D. \n7 Auburn Street \nNashua, NH 03064 \n603.882.8008 \ncgarner1@verizon.net\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Belknap, Cheshire, H illsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \n \nGaron, Elizabeth, J.D. \nP.O. Box 270 \nAuburn, NH 03032 603.674.1454 kittthawk@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough (N only), Merrimack, Rockingham \nProbate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Ne w London, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nGarthwait, Matthew MSW \nGuardian ad Litem LLC \nPO Box 55 Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 19 4/1/2009 Rye, NH 03870 \n603-969-7842 Fax: (603) 969-7842 MatthewegarthwaitGAL@comcast.net\n \nTraining: General; Distri ct, Superior, Probate \nSuperior Courts:Rockingham, Merrimack, Strafford, Hillsborough, and Belknap Probate Courts: Rockingham, Merrimack, Strafford, Hillsborough, Belknap District Courts: Concord, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Jaffery/Peterborough, L aconia, Manchester, Merrimack, Nashua, \nPlaistow, Portsmouth and Rochester \nNo longer accepting appointments and will advi se all courts as e-mailed GALB August 8, \n 2008 \n \nGarvey, Carolyn S. B.A. J.D. \nAttorney at Law \nDouglas, Leonard & Garvey, P.C. 6 Loudon Road, Suite 502 Concord, NH 03301 603-224-1988 mail@nhlaw\n office.com \nTraining:Superior – Hillsborough N and S and Merrimack Training Family – Rockingham, Concord, Fr anklin, Henniker, Hooksett, New London \n \nGaspar, Diane,J.D. \nHowie Law Offices \n1 Stiles Road, #103 \nSalem, NH 03075 \n603.893.8008 diane@howielegal.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack. Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 20 4/1/2009 Gaumont, Jill \n212 Mt. Delight Road \nDeerfield, NH 03037 603.867.8256 jillgaumont@hotmail.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Hillsboro ugh, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford District: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Dover, Durh am, Exeter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, \nHenniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Laconia, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, \nNew London, Plaistow, Port smouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nGaumont, Kim \nP.O. Box 1913 \nMerrimack, NH 03054 603.424.6155 kimg0719@adelphia.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \n Girbach, Sheila M.Ed. \n11 Vernon Street \nKeene, NH 03431 603-352-1393 E-mail: slgirbach@myfairpoint.net\n \nTraining: Superior, District Superior Court: Cheshire District Court: Keene, Jaffrey-Peterborough. Hillsborough \nFamily Court: Newport, Claremont, Hillsborough, Henniker Probate: Cheshire \nGoodchild, Jennifer \nP.O. Box No.984 Nashua, NH 03060 603-318-8438 Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 21 4/1/2009 E-Mail: Jennifer-goodchild@hotmail.com \nTraining:Superior, District Superior Court, North and South Hillsborough, Probate: Hilsborough District: Merrimack County, Goffstown Rockingham County – Auburn, Derry Family Division: Rockingham County, Derry Hillsborough County, Hookset \nGoslin, Tamblyn Fuller \n11 North Main Street/PO Box 39 \nGoffstown, NH 03045 603-497-2729 E-mail: tfglaw@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior: Probate: District: Family Division: \nSuperior Court: Hillsborough N, Hillsborough S, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford Probate Court: Hillsborough N, Hillsborough S, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford District Court: Goffstown, Hillsborough, Manc hester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua,Concord, \nFranklin, Henniker, Hooksett, New London, Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, \nPortsmouth, Salem, Dover, Durham, Rochester Family Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem. Gosselin-Lemire, Michelle R . \n270 Amory Street, Unit #4, PMB #221 Manchester, NH 03102 603. 623-6406 \nMGLemireGAL@aol.com\n \n*Other language skills: French Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough Probate Courts: Hillsborough \nGrabler, Edrea, J.D. \n84 Bay Street \nManchester, NH 03104-3006 603.669.2933 *Other language skills: some French & Spanish Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nGraham, David M. J.D. Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 22 4/1/2009 Law Office \n4 Wentworth Avenue Gorham, NH 03581 603-7527249 \ndaveml@ncia.net \nTraining: Superior, Prob ate , District, Family \nSuperior Court : Coos – Berlin, Colebrook, Gorham, Lancaster \nProbate: Coos – Berlin, Co lebrook, Gorham, Lancaster \nDistrict – Coos – Berlin, Colebrook, Gorham, Lancaster \nFamily: Coos – Berlin, Colebrook, Gorham, Lancaster \n \nGriffith, Diane V \n11 Concord Street \nNashua, NH 03064 603.886.7075 Griffithlaw@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Cheshire, Hi llsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham \nProbate Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Jaffrey /Peterborough, Keene, Goffsto wn, Hillsborough, Manchester, \nMerrimack, Milford, Nashua, Concord, Frankl in, Henniker, Hooksett, New London, Auburn \nDerry, Exeter, Hampton, Pl aistow, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nGrinley, Patrecia \n30 Summer Street \nNashua, NH 03064-2339 603.889.9812 pgrinley@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Cheshire, Hillsbor ough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford, Sullivan \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Cheshire, Hillsbor ough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford, Sullivan \nDistrict Courts: Auburn, Claremont, Concor d, Derry, Dover, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, \nGoffstown, Hampton, Henniker, Hills borough, Hooksett, Jaffrey/Peterborough, \nKeene, Laconia, Manchester, Me rrimack, Milford, Nashua, New London, \nNewport, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Claremont, De rry, Laconia, Newport, Portsmouth, Salem \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 23 4/1/2009 Griswold, Karen \nP.O. Box No. 1542 \nMerrimack, NH 03054-1542 603-471-2550 kpgriswold@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Derry, Goffstown, Hookse tt, Jaffrey/Peterborough, Laconia, Merrimack, \nMilford \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Portsmouth, Salem \nGross, Joan \nP.O. Box 2161 \nDover, NH 03821-2161 603.767.2177 joanmarie226@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Hills borough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Hill sborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nDistrict Courts: Auburn, Carrol County (N & S) Concord, Derry, D over, Durham, Exeter, \nFranklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Hennike r, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Laconia, \nManchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nas hua, New London, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Conway, Derr y, Laconia, Ossipee, Portsmouth, Salem \n \n \nHall, Margaret Cunnane \n37 High Street \nMilford, NH 03055 603-673-8323 E-mail: mchall@mchallesq.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Carroll, Cheshire, Hills borough N. Hillsborough S, Merrimack, Rockingham \nProbate Courts: Carroll, Cheshire, Hills borough N. Hillsborough S, Merrimack, Rockingham \nDistrict Court: Northern Carroll, Southe rn Carroll, Jeffrey/Peterbor ough, Keene, Goffstown, \nHillsborough, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nas hua, Concord, Franklin, Henniker, Hooksett, \nNew London, Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Hamp ton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem. \n \nHamilton, Judith E. \n194 Beaver Street \nKeane, NH 03431 603-352-6640 E-mail jhamilton@nc.rr.com\n \nTraining:Superior, Probate, District Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 24 4/1/2009 Superior Courts: Cheshire – Jeffrey/Peterborough, Keene \nProbate Courts: Cheshire - Jeffrey/Peterborough, Keene District Courts: Keene \n \nHannagan, Marianne , M.S.W. \nP.O. Box 393 \nNewmarket, NH 03857 603.659.3517 mare18@msn.com\n \nTraining: Superior, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nDistrict Courts: Portsmouth, Ex eter, Dover Durham, Rochester \n \nHarmon, Jeremy, J.D. \nMcKenney & Bausha, P.C. \n109 Ponemah Road, #3 Amherst, NH 03031 603.672.5200 lawoffice@mckenneyandbausha.com\n \nTraining: Superior, District Superior Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough District Courts: Goffstown, Manc hester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua \n \nHarrigan, Patrick, J.D. \nChucbrich & Harrigan, P.A. \nP.O. Box 429 \nPortsmouth, NH 03802-0429 \n603.431.5231 chubrich.harrigan@rcn.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Carroll, H illsborough, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Carroll, Hillsborough, Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Carrol (N & S), De rry, Dover, Durham, Exeter, Goffstown, Hampton, \nHillsborough, Manchester, Merrimack, M ilford, Nashua, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Conway, Derry, Ossipee, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nHarwood, John, J.D. \n21 Elm Park \nGroveland, MA 01834 978.469.0500 jharwood9955@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 25 4/1/2009 Hastings, Honey, J.D . \nP.O. Box 1112 Wilton, NH 03086 603.654.5000 hhastings@nhdivorce.com\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough \nHayes, Tricia, J. D. \nBuchanan, Maynard & Parodi PLLC \n40 East Pearl Street Nashua, NH 03060 603-881-5800 fax: 603-882-6873 cell 603-714-8549 tlhayeslaw@msn.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nHerman, Kerri A. \nP.O. Box No. 1051 \nWindham, NH 03087 \nCell # 508-944-2001 newhampshiregal@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Prob ate, District, Family \nSuperior: Hillsborough N & S, Rockingham Probate: Hillsborough N & S, Rockingham District, Manchester, Merrim ack, Nashua, Derry and Salem \nFamily Division: Derr y, Salem, Brentwod \n \nHewson, Rebecca Young \nMountain View Mediation \nP.O. Box 151 Conway, NH 03818-0151 603-662-5990 beccahewson@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: District and Family and Superior District: Carroll – Northern and Southern Coos – Berlin, Colebrook, Gorham, Lancaster Family: Carrol – Conway, Ossipee, Berlin Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 26 4/1/2009 \n \nHickey, Kathleen J.D. \nAttorney at Law \n85 Brook Street Manchester, NH 03104 (603)668-8300 khickey@clilaw.com\n \nTraining Superior, Probate and Family Law Courts Superior: Hillsborough N & S; and Merrimack Probate: Hillsborough N & S, and Merrimack Family: Concord and Derry \n \nHopkins, Lucinda, J.D. \nP.O. Box 6591 \nManchester, NH 03108-6591 603.361.8168 cinhopkins@gmail.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham \nProbate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham \nDistrict Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHooksett, Hillsborough, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem – po ssibly Claremont, Dover, Durham, \nJaffrey/Peterborough, Keene, Laconia, Newport, Rochester \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsm outh, Salem – possibly Claremont, Laconia, \nNewport \nWill consider Belknap, Cheshire, Strafford & Sullivan \n \nHuntoon, Marsha Lavallee, J.D. \nP.O. Box 728 \nSanbornville, NH 03872 603.781.2151 mlhlake@roadrunner.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Carrol, Strafford Probate Courts: Carrol, Strafford District Courts: Carroll County (N & S), Dover, Durham, Rochester \nFamily Division: Conway, Ossipee Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 27 4/1/2009 Hurley, James S. \n1340 Old Mammoth Road \nManchester, NH 03104 603.627-1446 hurleyinnh@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, Distrist Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nJamison, Laura Elizabeth B.A. \n247 Norway Street \nBerlin, NH 03570 571-201-7559 ljamisongal@gmail.com\n \nTraining: Superior; General; District \nFamily Division: Coos: Berlin \nJones, Katrina B. B.S. \n226 Birch Hill Road \nNorth Conway, N.H. 03860 603-356-3324 dan@mwvre.com \nTraining, Superior, District and Family Courts \nSuperior: Carroll, Ossipee District Court: Carroll, Conway Family: Carroll – Conway, Ossipee \nJosephs, Alice M., M.S.W. \n7 Main Street \nSunapee, NH 03782 603.763.2932 alixmoc@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Sullivan Probate Courts: Sullivan District Courts: Newport Family Division: Newport Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 28 4/1/2009 Kamen, David, Ph.D. \nMagnolia Counseling Services \n23 West Webster Street, Left Unit Manchester, NH 03104 603-626-1042 Fax 603-626-1044 E-mail: magnoliacounseling@mac.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough Probate Courts: Hillsborough District Courts: Goffstown, Hillsborough, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua \nLACHMAN, Susan Rosamund B.S., J.D.. \n16 Church Street, Ste 3A \nKeene, NH 03431 603-357-8770 slachman@hl-lawyers.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Gene ral, Family, District \nSuperior: Jaffrey/Peterborough; Keene – Cheshire Claremont and Newport - Sullivan District: Jaffrey/Peterborough, Keene – Cheshire Claremont and Newport – Sullivan Family: Claremont and Newpor t – Sullivan (Parenting/Divorce) \n \nLandry, Barbara, J.D. \nLaw Offices of Landry & Mooney, PLLC \n109 Ponemah Road, Suite 8 \nAmherst, NH 03031 \n603.673.7755 Barbara@landryandmooney.com\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Hillsborough \nLaRocque, George, J.D. \n351 Main Street, Second Floor \nP.O. Box 825 Nashua, NH 03061-0825 603.579.5400 Training: Superior, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 29 4/1/2009 LaRocque, Katy L. \n351 Main Street, Second Floor \nP.O. Box 825 Nashua, NH 03061-0825 603.579.5400 esquiah@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough (S only) District Courts: Nashua, Merrimack \nLasch-Williams, Wendy \nP.O. Box 571 \nBristol, NH 03222 603.455.9624 laschw@metrocast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District District Court: Franklin Family Division: Laconia, Plymouth \n \n Lemieux, Gisele M. \n73 Promenade Street \nGorham, NH 03581 603.723.1664 mgmaj@verizon.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, Dist rict, Family (Coos and Carroll) \n Superior Courts: Coos Probate Courts: Coos Family Courts: Conway, Berlin, Colebrook, Lancaster, Littleton \n \nLloyd, Nina, J.D. \n9 Tyler Road \nHanover, NH 03755 603.643.1445 NinaLloyd@comcast.net\n \n Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Grafton, Sullivan Probate Courts: Grafton, Sullivan District Courts: Claremont, Haverhi ll, Lebanon, Littleton, Newport, Plymouth Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 30 4/1/2009 Family Division: Claremont, Lebanon, Little ton, Newport, North Haverhill, Plymouth \n \nMcCabe, Donald R. MSW \n97 Meetinghouse Road \nNorwich, VT 05055 802-649-5921 Don_Mccabe@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior; Probate; District and Family Court \nSuperior: (Grafton:) Haverhill, Lebanon, Littleton, Plymouth Probate: (Grafton): Haverhill, Lebanon, Littleton, Plymouth \nDistrict: New London, Haverhill, Lebanon Family: (Grafton): Lebanon; North Haverhill \nMacdonald, Mark W. \n326 Durand Road \nRandolph, NH 03593 603.723.4927 or 603.466.3940 cmac4gal@ne.rr.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Coos Probate Courts: Coos District Courts: Berlin, Colebrook, Gorham, Lancaster \nFamily Division: Ber lin, Colebrook, Lancaster \n \nMacKnight, Camille, M.B.A. \n392 Sugar Hill Road \nHopkinton, NH 03229 \n603.746-219 cemac24@mcttelecom.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New \nLondon, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 31 4/1/2009 Madigan, Deborah, M.S. \n P.O. Box 521 \n Tilton, NH 03276 dmadigan@dhhs.state.nh.us\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Merrimack Probate Courts: Belknap, Merrimack District Courts: Concord, Franklin, Henniker, Hooksett, Laconia, New London \nFamily Division: Laconia \nMahoney Mullen, Teresa, J.D. \nMinkow & Mahoney Mullen, P.A. \nP.O. Box 235, 4 Stevens Avenue, Suite 3 Meredith, NH 03253 603.279.6511 tmmullen@minkowlaw.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Bel knap, Carroll, Merrimack \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Merrimack District Courts: Carrol County (S only), Concord, Franklin, Henni ker, Hooksett, Laconia, New \nLondon \nFamily Division: Laconia, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Ossipee \nMallinson, C. Adrienne \nDisabilities Rights Center \n18 Low Avenue \nConcord, NH 03301 \n603-228-0432 adrienneM@drenh.org\n \nTraining: District, Fa mily Division, Probate \nCounty: All \nMandra, Thomas \n379 Amherst Street PMB-320 \nNashua, NH –03063 603-689-6868 guardiantjm@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior – District Superior Court: Hillsborough S District Court: Nashua Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 32 4/1/2009 Manzi, Kathleen, J.D. \nP.O. Box 364 \nPlymouth, NH 03264 603.536.5944 Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Grafton Probate Courts: Belknap, Grafton District Courts: Haverhill, Laconia, Lebanon, Littleton, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Laconia, Lebanon, Littleton, North Haverhill, Plymouth \n \nMarino, Jeannette, M.S. \n26 S. Main Street, PMB 616 \nConcord, NH 03301 603.226.6004 Training: Superior, Probate Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack Probate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham \nMarkiewicz, Steven, J.D. \n54 Main Street – P.O. Box 87 \nWalpole, NH 03608 603.756.4205 smarkiewicz1@verizon.net\n \n*Other language skills: German Training: Superior, Probate Superior Courts: Cheshire, Sullivan \nProbate Courts: Cheshire, Sullivan \n \nMason, Gloria L. \n5 Greenleaf Woods Drive, Suite 301 \nPortsmouth, NH 03801-5442 603.868.5020 shonamason@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 33 4/1/2009 Mason, J. William L., J.D. \n5 Greenleaf Woods Drive, Suite 301 \nPortsmouth, NH 03801-5442 603.427.0313 jwlmason@conversent.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nMaynard, Elizabeth, J.D. (Inactive 1/29/07 per e-mail) \n \nP.O. Box 317 Sunapee, NH 03782 603.763.9529 Training: Superior, Probate, District \nMcCusker, Andrea \n2 Gold Post Road \nDover, NH 03820 603-312-8080 E-mail: Celts@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District, Superior Court: Strafford \nProbate Court: Strafford \nDistrict Court: Dover, Rochester \nMcKenney, Robert, J.D. \nP.O. 364 \nPlymouth, NH 03264 603.536.5944 haptrail@localnet.com\n \nTraining: Superior, District, Probate Superior Courts: Belknap, Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack Probate Courts: Belknap, Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack District Courts: Concord, Fr anklin, Henniker, Hooksett, Laconia, New London, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Laconia, Plymouth \nMcLaughlin, Janice, J.D. \nUnion Avenue \nLaconia, NH 03246 603.528.6953 jmclaughlin@metrocast.net\n \nTraining: Probate Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 34 4/1/2009 Probate Courts: Belknap, Carrol, Grafton, Merrimack \n \nMesser, Amy Beth \nDisabilities Rights Center \n18 Low Avenue Concord, NH 03301 603-228-0432 Amym@drcnh.org\n \nDistrict: Hillsborough N & S, Rockingham Family: Rockingham \nMicheroni, Norma, M.S. \n24 Arthur Street \nMethuen, MA 01844 978.697.3839 eclecticnm@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Rockingham Probate Courts: Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Exeter , Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nMillar, Barbara, J.D. \n37 Spring Hill Road \nMont Vernon, NH 03057 603.673.1851 \nTraining: Superior \nSuperior Courts: Hillsborough \nMiller, Frederick A. \nP.O. Box 7057 \nLoudon, NH 03307-7057 Training Superior, Probate, District Hillsborough and Merrimack \nMilliken, Laura, J.D. \n20 Dustin Road \nWarner, NH 03278 603.731.8191 lmilliken@mcttelecom.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate Superior Courts: Merrimack Probate Courts: Merrimack Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 35 4/1/2009 \n \n Minutelli, Steven, J.D. \nLaw Office \n1 New Hampshire Ave (Ste. 125) Portsmouth, NH 03801 minutellilaw@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate District and Family Superior Courts: Carroll, Hillsborough N, Merrimack, Strafford Probate Courts: Carroll, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Strafford Family: Portsmouth, Derry, Salem, Strafford, Rochester, Dover \n \nMixon, Joseph \nP.O. Box 516 \nStratham, NH 03885 603.772.4203 joemixon@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Strafford Family Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \n \n \n Morin, Ralph A. A.A. \nPost Mail Box 290 \n75 Main Street #4 Plymouth, NH 03264 603-536-3366 ralphmorin22@roadrunner.com\n \nTraining General, District; Superior; Probate; Family \nDistrict: Belknap; Carrol l; Littleton, Plymouth (Grafton); Merrimack – Franklin \nSuperior: Belknap; Carroll; Grafton Probate: Belknap, Carroll, Grafton Family: Belknap; Carroll; Lebanon; Plymouth (Grafton) \n \n \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 36 4/1/2009 Mulcrone, Deborah, J.D. M.S. (Counseling) \nMulcrone Law PLLC \n62 Lowell Street, Ste. 6 Manchester, NH 03101 603-494-6879 debbi@dmulcrone.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, Dist rict (including fa mily Division) \nSuperior Courts: Belknap, Cheshire, H illsborough Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Cheshire, H illsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nDistrict Courts: Candia, Concord, Derry, D over, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, Goffstown, \nHampton, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Jaffre y/Peterborough, Keene, Laconia, Manchester, \nMerrimack, Milford, Nashua, Plaistow , Portsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Concord, Derry, Dove r, Franklin, Henniker, Hooksett, Laconia, \nPortsmouth, Rochester, Salem. \nMulligan, James, J.D. \nWheelock Office Park \n3 Old Etna Road Lebanon, NH 03766 603.448.1877 jlm@simulaw.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Grafton, Sullivan Probate Courts: Grafton, Sullivan District Courts: Claremont, Haverhi ll, Lebanon, Littleton, Newport, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Claremont, Lebanon, Little ton, Newport, North Haverhill, Plymouth \n \nMulligan, Sunny, J.D. \nP.O. Box 951 \nHenniker, NH 03242 603.428.7141 Training: Superior, Probate Superior Courts: Hillsb orough (N only), Merrimack \nProbate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack \nMurray, Michael, M.Ed. \n11 Darryl Lane \nSalem, NH 03079 603.893.3009 mmurray62@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Goffstown, Hampton, Hillsborough, Manchester, \nMerrimack, Milford, Nashua, Pl aistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 37 4/1/2009 \nNeedleman, Kathy \n26 South Main Street PMB # 520 \nConcord, NH 03301 603-715-5200 E-mail: kneedleman#mac.com Training: Superior, Probate, District, Family Division \nSuperior Court: Belknap,Ches hire, Merrimack, Strafford, \nProbate Court: Belknap, Ch eshire, Merrimack, Strafford \nDistrict Court: Concord, Frank lin, Hooksett, Henniker, New London \n Laconi a,Jaffrey/Peterborough, Keene,Dover, Durham, Rochester, \nFamily Division: Laconia, Merrimack \n \nNelson, Lars \n76 Old Province Road \nGoshen, NH 03752 603-863-3839 Training: Superior, Distri ct, Probate, Family Division \nSuperior Court: Sullivan Probate Court: Sullivan District Courts: Claremont, Newport Family Division: Claremont Newport \nNewman, Miriam, J.D. \n24 Hanover Street, Suite 9 \nLebanon, NH 03766 \n603.448.8888 \nmiriamwnewman@aol.com\n \n*Other language skills: Spanish Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Grafton, Sullivan Probate Courts: Grafton, Sullivan District Courts: Claremont, Haverhi ll, Lebanon, Littleton, Newport, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Claremont, Lebanon, Little ton, Newport, North Haverhill, Plymouth \n \nNormand, Nia Dinell \nP.O. Box No. 10471 \nBedford, NH. 03110 603-493-4214 niagal.@comcast.net\n \nSuperior, Probate, District Hillsborough, Rockingham and Merrimack Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 38 4/1/2009 P. Darline O’Connor \nP.O. Box 764 \nAshland, NH 02317 603.968.7820 Darline10@verizon.net\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Belknap \nO’Donnell Kathleen B.A. J.D. \n800 Park Avenue, Suite 113 \nKeene, NH 03431 603-355-9900 kodonnell@ne.rr.com\n \nTraining: Superior; Probate; Family Superior: Cheshire; Hillsborough N & S; Merrimack Probate: Cheshire, Hillsborough N & S; Merrimack Family: Cheshire; Hillsborough N & S \nOrdzie, Christine \nP.O. Box 465 \nPeterborough, NH 03458 603.547.0175 ordziegal@verizon.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Cheshire , Hillsborough, Merrimack \nProbate Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough, Merrimack \nDistrict Courts: Concord, Goffstown, Henni ker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Jaffrey/Peterborough, \nManchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New London \n \nParadis, Gary, J. D. \nP.O. Box 780 \nManchester, NH 03105 (603)391-8986 attyparadis@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Hooks ett, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, \nSalem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Salem \nPatten, Caryl \nNH Special Education Advocacy Center \n548 Donald Street, Unit 2 Bedford, NH 03110 603.625.2600 Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 39 4/1/2009 capatten@comcast.net \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, Merrim ack, Milford, Nashua, New London, Plaistow, \nPortsmouth, Salem Family Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Portsmouth, Salem \nPatten, Michael \n19 Spencer Street, Unit 215 \nLebanon, NH 03766 603.396.5273 mpatten2000@yahoo.com\n \n*Other language sk ills: Sign Language \nTraining: Probate, District Probate Courts: Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack District Courts: Concord, Fr anklin, Goffstown, Haverhill, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, \nLebanon, Littleton, Manchester, Merrim ack, Milford, Nashua, New London, \nPlymouth \n \nPaulsen, Linda J. J.D. \n10 Vista Ridge Drive, Unit 3 \nLondonderry, NH 03053 603-738-7338 lpaulsen3@comcast.net\n \nTraining:General – District, Superior and Probate, Family \nSuperior:Hillsborough N & S; Merrimack and Rockingham Probate: Hillsborough N & S, Merrimack, and Rockingham District: Hillsborough N & S; Merrimack and Rockingham Family: Hillsborough N & S; Merrimack and Rockingham: \n \nPellizzari, Marie C., J.D. \nP.O. Box 42 \nLyme, NH 03768 603.795.4024 mlovemts@aol.com\n \nTraining: District District Courts: Haverhi ll, Lebanon, Plymouth, Littleton \n \nPignone, Catherine E. M.Ed. \nll Hawkins Pond Lane \nSalem. NH 03079 603-674-2708 cpignone-gal@comcast.net\n \nTraining:Superior, Probate, District, Family Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 40 4/1/2009 District Courts: Salem (Rockingham) \nProbate Rockingham Superior: Rockingham Family: Salem \nPoulin, Autumn \nPO. Box 40 \nMilan, NH 03588 603.752.3446 mountainviewmed@ncia.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Family Division: Berlin, Colebrook, Conway, Lancaster, Littleton \n \nPrevett, Todd, J.D. \nPrevett & Prevett, LLP \n89 Rt. 101A, Suite 2 Amherst, NH 03031 603-673-8500 cell: 603-494-2916 thprevettesq1@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Goffs town, Hampton, Hillsborough, Jaffrey/Peterborough, \nManchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua \nFamily Division: Derry, Salem \nProctor, Daniel, J.D. \nP.O. Box 3544 \nConcord, NH 03302-3544 603.228.8226 Daniel.proctor@verizon.net Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Merrimack Probate Courts: Belknap, Merrimack District Courts: Concord, Franklin, Henniker, Hooksett, Laconia, New London \nFamily Division: Laconia \nQuigley, Patricia B. \n67 Central Street \nManchester, NH 03101 603-666-4000 E-mail: patquigley@adoptionnh.com\n \nTraining: Probate, Family Division Probate Court: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Family Division: Belknap, Merrimack, Rockingham Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 41 4/1/2009 Rackley, Jennifer, J.D. \nP.O. Box 216 \nExeter, NH 03833 603.580-2316 harryrock99@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham, Strafford Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Goffstown, Hampton, Hillsborough, \nManchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua , Plaistow, Portsmouth, Rochester, \nSalem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nRankin, Deborah \nLaw Offices of Landry & Mooney, PLLC \n109 Ponemah Road, Suite 8 Amherst, NH 03031 603.673.7755 attylandry@adelphia.net\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Hillsborough \nRegan, Susan L., J.D. LL.M. \nAttorney at Law \n2 Village Green Rd., B-5 Hampstead, NH 03841 \n(603) 329-4447 \nsue@suereganlaw.com\n \nTraining: General; District; S uperior; Probate and Family \nDistrict: Rockingham –Derry; Exeter ; Hampton; Plaistow; and Salem \nSuperior: Rockingham – Derry, Exet er, Hampton, Plaistow and Salem \nFamily: Rockingham – Brentwood; Derry; Portsmouth and Salem \nProbate: Rockingham – Derry, Exeter ; Hampton; Plaistor; and Salem \n \nReid, Cheryl \nPO Box 1225 \nDover, NH 03821 603-969-5806 E-mail criedgalnh@gmail.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District, Family Superior Court: Rockingham, Strafford Probate Court: Rockingham, Strafford District Court: Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem, Dover, Durham, \n Rochester. Family Court: Derry, Portsmouth, Salem Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 42 4/1/2009 Reinert, Amelia (Opolski), M.F.A. \nP.O. Box No. 83 \nWest Peterborough, NH 03468 603.548.1423 villayaya5@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Ches hire, Coos, Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack, \nRockingham, Strafford, Sullivan \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Ches hire, Coos, Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack, \nRockingham, Strafford, Sullivan \nDistrict Courts: All Family Division: Berlin, Brentwood, Clar emont, Colebrook, Conway, Derry, Lancaster, \nLaconia, Lebanon, Littleton, Newport, North Haverhill, Ossipee, Plymouth, \nPortsmouth, Salem \n \nReynolds, Jodi MeD., J.D. \nP.O. Box No. 494 \nHampton Halls, NH 03844 \n603-770-8956 \njonireyn@verizon.net \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District, Family Superior Courts: Rockingham Probate Courts: Rockingham FamilyCourt: Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, De rry, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow \n \nRichardson, Meredith, J.D. \nRESOLUTION \nP.O. Box 365 Kittery, ME 03904 207.439.4267 meredithmediates@aol.com\n \n*Other language skills: some French Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Hampston, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nRiley, Alexandra J.D. \nB 39 Central Square #182 \nKeene, NH 03431 603-759-5720 Training: Superior, Prob ate, District, Family \nBelknap;Carroll, Cheshire, Coos , Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 43 4/1/2009 Rockingham, Strafford, Sullivan (Family – Laconia N & S, Conway,Ossipee, Berlin, \nColebrook, Lancaster, Lebanon, Littleton, Plymou th, Concord, Franklin, Henniker, Hooksett, \nBrentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem, Newport, Claremont \nRoberts, Wendy E., J.D. \n16 Park Street \nLancaster, NH 03584 603.788.3018 wroberts@ncia.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior: Carroll, Coos, Grafton Probate: Carroll, Coos, Grafton District Courts: Berlin, Carro ll County (N only), Colbrook, Gorham, Haverhill, Lancaster, \nLebanon, Littleton, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Berlin, Colebrook, Conway, Lancaster, Lebanon, Littleton, North Haverhill, \nOssipee, Plymouth \n \nRodd, Elizabeth, M.S.W. \nP.O. Box 337 \nBradford, NH 03221 603.938.2692 bethrodd@tds.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack District Courts: Concord, Franklin, Goffstow n, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, \nMerrimack, Milford, Nashua, New London \n \nRoedel, Mary Lynn, J.D.\n \nWilbert Law Offices \n221 Main Street, Suite 201 \nNashua, NH 03060-2913 603.889.8443 wilbertlawoffices@att.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate Superior Courts: Hillsborough Probate Courts: Hillsborough \nRoman, Judith Ann \nP.O. Box 3497 \nConcord, N.H. 03302-3497 603-225-0522 E-mail: judyroman@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District: Superior Courts: Hi llsborough N, Merrimack \nProbate Courts: Hillsborough N, Merrimack Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 44 4/1/2009 District Courts: Goffstown, Hillsborough Manc hester, Concord, Franklin, Henniker, Hooksett, \nNew London. \nRoth, Jennifer, J.D. \nP.O. Box 315 \nJaffrey, NH 03452 603.532.7667 jenniferrothesq@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Cheshi re, Hillsborough (N only) \nProbate Courts: Cheshire, Hillsborough District Courts: Goffstown, Hillsborough, Jaffrey/Peterborough, Keene, Manchester \n \nRowe, Loni \nPO Box 455 \nNewmarket, NH 03827 603-793-2378 E-mail: lonirowe@gmail.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District, Family Division \nSuperior Court: Rockingham, Strafford, Probate Court: Rockingham, Strafford District Court: Derry, Exeter, Hampton, Portsmouth Dover, Rochester, Durham \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth \nRoy, Kim M. \nPO Box 671 \nWarner, NH 03273-0471 \n603-344-5535 E-mail: gal@tds.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District, Family Division \nSuperior Courts: Merrimack Probate Court: Merrimack Family Division: Claremont, Newport District Courts: Concord, Hennike r, Franklin, Hooksett, New London \n \nRuel, Joanne \nBarrington, NH 03825 \n603.868.2826 Nhmediator@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 45 4/1/2009 Russell, Valerie \nP.O. Box 3986 \nConcord, NH 03302-3986 603.344.2848 vrussell@metrocast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Bel knap, Grafton, Merrimack \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Grafton, Merrimack District Courts: Concord, Frank lin, Haverhill, Henniker, Hookse tt, Laconia, Lebanon, Littleton, \nNew London, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Laconia, Lebanon, Littleton, North Haverhill, Plymouth \n \nSakellar, Jason \nPO Box 1651 \nNashua, NH 03061 603.578.9200 jskellar@sakellar-law.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough North, Hillsborough South, Merrimack, Rockingham. Probate Court: Hillsborough North, Hillsborough South, Merrimack, Rockingham District Court: Goffstown, Hillsborough, Manche ster, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, Concord, \nFranklin, Henniker, Hooksett, New London, Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, \nPortsmouth, Salem. \nSalvo-Wallack, Barbara \nP.O. Box 765 \nAtkinson, NH 03811 \n603-548-8326 E-mail: bsw91@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Family Division County: Hillsborough South, Rockingham Family Division: Brentwood, Derry, Porthsmouth, Salem Schlapak, Eric, M.Ed . \nP.O. Box 1611 Dover, NH 03821 603.742.0585 erics21@netzero.com\n \nTraining: Probate, District Probate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \n \n \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 46 4/1/2009 Schierberl, Alice A. \nAttorney at Law \n222 Court Street P.O. Box No. 6632 Portsmouth, NH 03802-6632 (603) 431-3223 Schrebrlaw@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District \nDistrict: Goffstown, Hillsborough, Manchester, Rockingham, Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Hampton, \nPlaistor, Portsmouth, Salem, Dover, Durham, Rochester \nFamily Division, Rockingham \nSchwartzberg, Ora, J.D. \nOne Lyme Common – P.O. 189 \nLyme, NH 03768 603.795.9300 ora@nhlawyer.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Grafton Probate Courts: Grafton District Courts: Haverhill, Lebanon, Littleton, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Lebanon, Littleton, North Haverhill, Plymouth \nShea, Karen \n67 Central Street \nManchester, NH 03101 \n603-666-4000 \nE-mail: kshea@grolen.com\n \nTraining: Probate, Family Probate: Hillsborough S. Hillsborough N. Rockingham, Merrimack Family: Rockingham, Merrimack \nShepherd, Deborah, J.D. \nClark & Sekella, J.D.s at Law \n694 Pine Street Manchester, NH 03104 603.669.8700 Deborah@cindyclarklaw.com\n \nTraining: Superior, District Superior Courts: Hi llsborough N, Merrimack \nDistrict Courts: Concord, Franklin, Goffstow n, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hooksett, Manchester, \nMerrimack, New London \n \n \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 47 4/1/2009 Shepherd, James, J.D . \nP.O. Box 351 Tilton, NH 03276-0351 603.286.3106 Training: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Bel knap, Merrimack, Grafton \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Merrimack, Grafton District Courts: Franklin, Laconia Family Division: Laconia, Plymouth \nSheridan, Deborah \nP.O. Box 5423 \nManchester, NH 03108-5423 603.626.1049 dlsherigal@aol.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Exeter, Go ffstown, Hampton, Hillsborough, Manchester, \nMerrimack, Milford, Nashua, Pl aistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nShklar, Michael C. \n35 Main Street \nNewport, NH 03773 603.863.4105 \nmshklar@nhvt.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, Family Division, District \nSuperior Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Cheshi re, Coos, Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack, \nRockingham, Strafford, Sullivan \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Carroll, Ches hire, Coos, Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack, \nRockingham, Strafford, Sullivan. \nDistrict Courts: Concord, Fr anklin, Henniker, Hooksett, New London, Claremont, Newport, \nJaffrey/Peterborough, Keene, Hillsborough District. \nFamily Division: Lebanon Family Division, Cl aremont Family, Newport Family, Merrimack \nCounty Family Division. \n \nSilver, Christopher \nP.O. Box No. 1904 \nSeabrook, NH 03874 603-601-0613 achievesolutions@comcast.net\n \n Training: Superior, Probate, District \nRockingham – Auburn, Derry, Exeter , Hampton, Plaistor, Portsmouth Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 48 4/1/2009 \nSilver, Vicki \nP.O. Box No. 1904 \nSeabrook, NH 03874 603-474-0655 achievessolutions@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probat e, District and family \nRockingham (Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem) and Strafford County (Dover and \nRochester) \nSlagle, Gerald, J.D. \nP.O. Box359 \nAlton, NH 03809 603.859.0060 or 603.859.1020 fidelity@worldpath.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Carrol, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Belknap, Carrol, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Carrol (N & S), C oncord, Derry, Dover, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, \nHampton, Henniker, Hooksett, Laconi a, New London, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Conway, Derr y, Laconia, Ossipee, Portsmouth, Salem \n \nSomma, Catherine M. B.A., M.A. \nP.O. Box No. 546 \nPelham, NH 03076 \n603-490-8356 \ncatherine.somma@gmail.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Prob ate, District, Family \nSuperior Courts: Hillsborough (N&S) Goffstown, Hillsborough, Manchester. Merrimack, \nMilford, Nashua \n Rockingham – Auburn, Derry, Exet er, Hampton, Plaistow, Plymouth & Salem \nDistrict Courts: Manchester, Merr imack, Milford, Nashua, All Rockingham \nFamily Courts: Belknap, Plymouth Sullivan – Claremont, and Newport Probate Courts: Hillsborough N & S; Rockingham; \n \nStanley, Debra \n83 Clinton Street \nConcord, NH 03301 603-224-9994 deb.Stanley@verizon.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate District, Family Division \nSuperior Court: Merrimack Probate Court: Merrimack District Court: Concord, Frankli n, Henniker, Hooksett, New London Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 49 4/1/2009 Family Division: Concord \n \nStearns, Katherine B. \nP.O. Box 1466 \nNew London, NH 03257 603.992.4419 kstearns@tds.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District, Family Superior Courts: Belknap, Merrimack, Sullivan Probate Courts: Belknap, Merrimack, Sullivan District Courts: Claremont, Concord, Frank lin, Henniker, Hooksett, Laconia, New London, \nNewport \nFamily Division: Claremont, Laconia, Leba non, Newport, Franklin, Concord, Henniker, \n \nSternenberg, Kathleen A., J.D. \nLaw Offices of Kathleen A. Sternenberg \n27 Webster Street Manchester, NH 03104-2547 603.641.1048 kas@sternenberglaw.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Laconia, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New London, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Salem \nWill consider Cheshire, Grafton & Strafford \nSturke, Robert, Ph.D. \n28 South Main Street \nConcord, NH 03301 603.228.2999 Training: Superior, Probate Superior Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham \n \nTanguay, Shawn, J.D. \nGardner Fulton & Waugh PLLC \n78 Bank Street Lebanon, NH 03766-1727 603-448-2221 Fax: 603-448-5949 Shawn.tanguay@gardner-fulton.com\n \n Training: Superior Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 50 4/1/2009 Superior Courts: Belknap \n \nThornton, Douglas, J.D. \n64 Gilsum Road \nSurry, NH 03431 603.357.0551 surrylaw@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Cheshire, Grafton, Hillsborough, Sullivan Probate Courts: Cheshire, Grafton, Hillsborough, Sullivan District Courts: Claremont, Goffstown, Have rhill, Hillsborough, Jaffrey/Peterborough, Keene, \nLebanon, Littleton, Manchester, Merrim ack, Milford, Nashua, Newport, \nPlymouth Family Division: Claremont , Lebanon, Littleton, Newport, North \nHaverhill, Plymouth \n \nThompson, Ann Bennett J.D. \nP.O. Box 5398 \nManchester, NH 03108 603-668-7774 Fax: 603-218-7780 ann@thompsonlawpllc.com\n \n \nTierney, Nancy S. J.D. \n29 School Street \nLebanon, NH 03766 603-448-4722 \nFax:603-448-7005 \nnstierney1@aol.com\n \nSuperior, District, Probate and Family Court Coos, Grafton, Hillsborough and Merrimack \nTinney, Shanda R. J.D. \n310 Merrimack Street \nMethoen, MA 01844 978-687-4422 mstinney2@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior; Probate; District; Family; General \nSuperior: Hillsborough S. Merrimack, Milford, Nashua Rockingham: Derry Probate: None Listed; District: None Listed; Family: Rockingham - Derry \n \n Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 51 4/1/2009 Towle, Susan, M.S. \n33-35 Warren Street \nConcord, NH 03301 603.226.1999 Training: Superior, District, Probate Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merr imack, Rockingham, Strafford \nDistrict Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, D over, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, Goffstown, \nHampton, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hookse tt, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, \nNashua, New London, Plaistow, Po rtsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nTropiano, Joseph, J.D. \n42 Crystal Avenue \nDerry, NH 03038 603.434.9776 tropiano@comcast.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District \nSuperior Courts: Rockingham Probate Courts: Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Exeter , Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nVaillancourt, Jane \nP.O. Box 40 \nMilan, NH 03588 \n603.752.3446 \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Carroll, Coos Probate Courts: Carroll, Coos District Courts: Berlin, Carroll (N & S), Colebrook, Gorham, Lancaster \nFamily Division: Berlin, Colebr ook, Conway, Lancaster, Ossipee \n \nVogl, Steven \nP.O. Box 863 \nExeter, NH 03833 603.770.6748 svogl@nemediation.com\n \n*Other language skills: French Training: Superior Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 52 4/1/2009 Wechsler, Bruce \nP.O. Box 762 \nLondonderry, NH 03053 603.867.2144 bjwechsler@verizon.net\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham Probate Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham District Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, Ex eter, Franklin, Goffstown, Hampton, Henniker, \nHillsborough, Hooksett, Laconia, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, New London, Plaistow, Portsmouth, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Laconia, Portsmouth, Salem \nWelch, Andra \n25 Boston Harbor Road \nDover, NH 03820 603.534.4142 abbwelch@yahoo.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ro ckingham, Strafford \nProbate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nWheelock, Timothy S., Esq. \n600 State Street – Suite #3 \nPortsmouth, NH 03801 603.431.3430 tswheelock@wheelocklawoffice.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Rockingham, Stafford Probate Courts: Rockingham, Strafford District Courts: Auburn, Derry, Dover, Du rham, Exeter, Hampton, Plaistow, Portsmouth, \nRochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 53 4/1/2009 White, Mary C. \nP.O. Box 163 \nGorham, NH 03581-0163 603.616.9729 MWhiteGAL@ne.rr.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Ca rroll, Coos, Grafton \nProbate Courts: Carroll, Coos, Grafton District Courts: Berlin, Carroll (N & S), Colebrook, Gorham, Haverhill, Lancaster, Lebanon, \nLittleton, Plymouth \nFamily Division: Berlin, Colebrook, Conway, Lancaster, Lebanon, Littleton, North Haverhill, \nOssipee, Plymouth \n \nWilbert, Jody, J.D. \n221 Main Street \nNashua, NH 03060 603.8889.8443 wilbertlawoffices@att.net\n \nTraining: Superior Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham \nWooster, Patty \n2 Pillsbury Street, Suite 300 \nConcord, NH 03301 603.224.6942 ext. 3259 pwooster@nhbar.org\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District \nSuperior Courts: Belknap, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Probate Courts: Belknap, Merrimack District Courts: Concord, Franklin, Henniker, Laconia \nFamily Division: Laconia \nWright, Cynthia R., M.S. \n58 Gary Avenue \nHooksett, NH 03106 603.668.2273 CynthiaRW@peoplepc.com\n \nTraining: Superior, Probate, District Superior Courts: Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, Strafford Probate Courts: Hillsborough, Merr imack, Rockingham, Strafford \nDistrict Courts: Auburn, Concord, Derry, D over, Durham, Exeter, Franklin, Goffstown, \nHampton, Henniker, Hillsborough, Hookse tt, Manchester, Merrimack, Milford, \nNashua, New London, Plaistow, Po rtsmouth, Rochester, Salem \nFamily Division: Brentwood, Derry, Portsmouth, Salem \nZakre, Sheila, J.D. \nZakre Law Office Board Certified GAL’s – Alphabetical Listing \nPublic Page 54 4/1/2009 4 Park Street \nConcord, NH 03301 603.224.4400 Sheila@zlawnh.com\n \nTraining: Probate Probate Courts: Merrimack "
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] | {
"pdf_file": "BI5TFHTLJDOJCIYTD6D2PM5OBALKZ4QX.pdf",
"text": "ST\nA\nTEMENT\nOF\nPURPOSE\nRS21525\nThis\nlegislation\namends\nthe\nConstitution\nof\nthe\nState\nof\nIdaho\nto\npreserve\nthe\nrights\nof\nthe\npeople\nof\nIdaho\nto\nhunt,\nfish,\nand\ntrap.\nFISCAL\nNOTE\nThere\nis\nno\nfiscal\nimpact\nContact:\nName:\nRepresentative\nJudy\nBoyle\nSenator\nLee\nHeider\nPhone:\n(208)\n332-1000\nStatement\nof\nPurpose\n/\nFiscal\nNote\nHJR002\n"
} |
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"pdf_file": "2EDEPZ4VHTLPTWSZR6FAVUJ3B2ZVSIPS.pdf",
"text": "6/17/2009: US religious freedom watchdog 'barred from India' - Agence France Presse\n \n http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g6pjdmBNAEyFXqsYygo-_cqBt5wQ \n \n \n \n WASHINGTON (AFP) — The US government watchdog on religious freedom abroad\ncriticized India for refusing to grant its representatives visas, after their planned trip came under\nfire from Hindu conservatives.\n \n India joins only Cuba in refusing a visit by the US commission, which has been allowed to\nvisit even nations whose records it frequently criticizes such as China and Saudi Arabia.\n \n A delegation of the US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) had\nplanned to leave on June 12 for India, where it has voiced concern about a rise in communal\nviolence.\n \n 1 / 1"
} |
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"text": "June 14, 2004\nRef: 8MO\nCERTIFIED MAIL\nRETURN RECEIPT REQ UESTED\nMr. Patrick Goggins\nVermilion Ranch Co.\n4419 Vermilion Road\nBillings, Montana 59105\nRe: Findings of Violation and Administrative\nOrder for Compliance\nDocket No. CWA-08-2004-0048\nDear Mr. Gogg ins:\nBased on our review of all available information, the United States Environmental\nProtection Agency (“EPA”) has determined that y ou are in violation of the Clean Water Act, as\namended (“CWA”). The CWA requires that an authorizing permit be obtained from the United\nStates Army Corps of Engineers prior to the discharge of dr edged or fill material into waters of\nthe United States. See, 33 U.S.C. § 1311. Waters of the United States include both surface\nwaters and wetlands as defined by 33 C.F.R. § 328.3.\nSpecifically, you have discharg ed fill material into waters of the United States without\nauthorization unde r the CWA. These disc harges of pollu tants into the Yello wstone River, both\nabove and below the ordinary high water mark, ha ve occurred on your property at a site located\nin section 6, Township 2 North, Range 28 East, Yellowstone County, Montana.\nEnclosed is a document entitled “Findings of Violation and Administrative Order for\nCompliance” (“Order”) which specifies the nature of the violations and describes actions\nnecessary in order for y ou to achieve compliance with the CWA. EPA’s authority for such action\nis provided under section 309(a)(3) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1319(a)(3). Pursuant to the Order,\nwithin five day s after you receive the Or der you must i nform EPA in writing of your inte nt to\nfully comply with the Order.\nThe CWA requires the Administrator of EPA to take all appropriate enforcement action\nnecessary to secure prompt compliance with the CWA and any order issued thereunder. Section\n309 of the CWA author izes a variety of possible enfor cement actions, i ncluding filing of a civil\nor criminal action, administrative penalty action, and/or debarment from Fede ral contracts and/orUNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION A GENCY\nREGION 8\n999 18TH STREET - SUITE 300\nDENVER, CO 80202- 2466\nhttp://www.epa.gov/region08\nPrinted on Recycled Paper\n 2loans for any noncompliance with the CWA or an order issued pursuant to the CWA. Please be\nadvised that failure to comply with the requirements of the Order is a violation of the Order and\nmay be enforced through the mechanisms refe renced above. Please also be advised that the\nissuance of this Order does not preclude civil or criminal actions in the U.S. District Court\npursuant to sections 309(b) or (c) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1319(b) or (c), or assessment of\ncivil penalties pursuant to sections 309(d) or (g) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1319(d) or (g), for\nthe violations cited in the Order or for any other violations that Patrick Goggins and/or the\nVermilion Ranch Co. may have committed prior to or may commit after the issuance of the\nenclosed Order.\nEPA has agreed to notify small businesses of their right to comment on reg ulatory\nenforcement ac tivities at the time o f an Agency enforcement ac tivity pursua nt to the Small\nBusiness Regula tory Enforc ement and Fairn ess Act (“SBREF A”). SBREFA doe s not eliminate\nyour responsibility to comply with the Act or this order, nor does it create any new rights or\ndefenses under law. We have enclosed a SBREFA information sheet containing further\ninformation on com pliance assistan ce resources a nd tools available to small businesses.\nPlease review th e Order caref ully. If you have an y questions, t he most knowledge able\npeople on my staff are Sheldo n Muller, Enforce ment Attorney , at 303-312-6916, and Kris\nKnutson, Enforcement Officer, at 406-457-5021.\nSincerely,\nSIGNED\nCarol Rushin\nAssistant Regional Administrator\nOffice of Enforcement, Compliance\n and Environmental Justice\nEnclosures\n1. Findings of Violation and Administrative Order for Compliance\n2. SBREFA Information Sheet\ncc: Mr. Allan Steinle, Corps, w/enclosures\nMr. John Arrigo, MDEQ\nMr. Jeff Ryan, MDEQ\nMr. James D arling, M FWP\nMs. LaVerne Ivie, YCD 3UNITED STATES\nENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY\nREGION 8\nIN THE MAT TER OF: )\n)\nPatrick Goggins )\nVermilion Ranch Co. )\n4419 Vermilion Road )\nBillings, MT 59105 )\n)\n)\n)\nRespondents. )\n )FINDINGS OF VIOLATION AND\nADMINISTRATIVE ORD ER FOR\nCOMPLIANCE\nDocket No. CWA-08-2004-0048\nI. STATUTORY AUTHORITY\n1.This Findings of Violation and Administrative Order for Compliance (“Order”) is issued\npursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator of the United States Environmental\nProtection Agency (“EPA”) by section 309 of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”), 33 U.S.C. § 1319. \nThis authority has been properly dele gated to the Assistant Regional Administrator of the Office\nof Enforcement, Compliance and Environmental Justice, EPA Region 8. The Order is based on\nthe findings of violation of section 301(a) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1311(a), which, among other\nthings, prohibits the discharge of pollutants (e.g., dredged or fill material) into waters of the\nUnited States except as in compliance with section 404 of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1344.\nII. FINDINGS OF V IOLATION\n2.Respondent Patric k Goggins is an in dividual residing in or near Billing s, Montana. At all\nrelevant times, Respondent Vermilion Ranch Co. was a corporation organized under the laws of\nthe State of Montana. 43.At all relevant times, Respondents owned, controlled and or operated property loca ted\nnear the midpoint of Section 6, Township 2 North, Range 28 East, Yellowstone County, Montana\ncontaining a portion of the Yellowstone River (the “Site”).\n4.In or around February a nd March 2003 , Respondents discharged or caused to be\ndischarged at the Site, without prior authorization from the United States Army Corps of\nEngineers (“Corps”), approximately 500-600 linear feet of f ill material, including but not limited\nto large concrete slabs and other soil and debris, into the Yellowstone River and on the\nYellowstone River’s banks below and above the river’s ordinary hig h water mark (“OHWM”).\n5.The Yellowstone River is tributary to the Missouri River. The Yellowstone and Missouri\nRivers are, and w ere at all relev ant times, naviga ble, interstate w aters.\n6.On April 8, 2003, personnel from the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks\ninspected the Site and observed the concrete slabs and other soil and debris in and on the bank of\napproximately 500-600 linear feet of the Yellowstone River.\n7.On May 1, 2003, the Corps sent a letter to Respondent Patrick Goggins advising Mr.\nGoggins that the Corps had become aware of the unauthorized discharges desc ribed in paragraph\n4 of Section II of this Order and directing Mr. Gog gins to cease and desist any further\nunauthorized work or development at the Site. On May 14, 2003, the Corps s ent Mr. Goggin s a\nfollow-up letter requesting that Mr. Goggins advise the Corps that he would take steps to remedy\nthe unauthorized discharge.\n8.On June 23, 2003, the Montana Department of Environmental Quality sent a letter to Mr.\nGoggins advising him that the unauthorized discharges described in paragra ph 4 of Section II of 5this Order also constituted a violation of the Montana Water Quality Act, Section 75-5-605 and\ndirecting Mr. Goggins to take steps to remedy the violation.\n9.The activities described in paragraph 4 of Section II of this Order were performed using\ncommon earthmoving vehicles and equipment, including a front-end loader owned by\nRespondents, a dump truck, and a tracked hoe, all of which were operated by Respondents and/or\nby one or mor e individuals on beh alf of Respondent s.\n10.The Yellowstone River bank area that was filled and disturbed by the actions of\nRespondents described in paragraph 4 of Section II of this Order provided various functions and\nvalues, including wildlife habitat f or songbirds, ra ptors, mammals, re ptiles and amphibia ns;\nwater quality enhancement; fl ood storage; an d food chain suppor t.\n11.Respondents are each a \"person\" within the meaning of section 502(5) of the CWA, 33\nU.S.C. § 1362(5).\n12.The discharged fill materials described in paragraph 4 of Section I I of this Order are, and\nwere at all relevant times, “fill material” within the meaning of 33 C.F.R. § 323.2(e) and\n“pollutants” within the meaning of section 502(6) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1362(6).\n13.The vehicles and equipment described in paragraph 9 of Section II of this Order are, and\nwere at all relevant times, each a “point source” within the meaning of section 502(14) of the\nCWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1362(14).\n14.The Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers and the banks of the Yellowstone River at or\nbelow the OHWM ref erenced in par agraph 5 of Sec tion II of this Order are, a nd were at all\nrelevant times, “waters of the United States” within the meaning of 33 C.F.R. § 328.3(a) and\ntherefore “navigable waters” within the meaning of section 502(7) of the CWA, 633 U.S.C. § 1362(7). Pursuant to 33 C.F.R. § 328.4(c)(1), the OHWM defines the limits of the\nCorps’ jurisdiction over non-tidal wa ters in the absenc e of adjacent we tlands.\n15.The placement of fill material into and on the banks of the Yellowstone River at or below\nthe OHWM constitutes the “discharge of pollutants” within the meaning of section 502(12) of\nthe CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1362(12).\n16.Section 301(a) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1311, prohibits, among other things, the\ndischarge of pollutants by any person into waters of the United States except as in compliance\nwith section 404 of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1344.\n17.Section 404 of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1344, sets forth a permitting system authorizing the\nSecretary of the Army , acting through the Chief of Engineers of the Corps, to issue permits for\nthe discharge of dredged or fill material into the navigable waters, i.e., w aters of the United\nStates.\n18.33 C.F.R. § 323.3(a) specifies that, unless exempted pursuant to 33 C.F.R. § 323.4,\na permit issued by the Corps is required for the discharge of dre dged or fill material into waters\nof the United State s.\n19.Respondents are n ot and never have been authorized b y a permit iss ued pursuant to\nsection 404 of the C WA, 33 U.S.C. § 1344, to conduct any of the activities d escribed in\nparagraph 4 of Section II of this Orde r.\n20.Respondents’ activities described in paragraph 4 of Section II of this Order violate section\n301 of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1311. Each discharge of pollutants from a point source by\nRespondents into wa ters of the United States without the r equired permits is sued pursuant to\nsection 404 of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1344, constitutes a violation of section 301(a) of the CWA, 733 U.S.C. § 1311(a) . Each day t he discharges remain in place w ithout the require d permits\nconstitutes an additional day of violation of section 301(a).\n21.The removal of the fill material illegally discharged into wate rs of the United States at the\nSite and restorat ion of the impacte d waters to a cond ition that closely approximates their\ncondition and function prior to the discharge of the fill material, can be achieved as a prac tical\nmatter through c ommonly used m ethods of construc tion, digging, filling, reveg etation, and best\nmanagement pra ctices.\n22.Activities to be carried out under this Order are remedial, not punitive, and are necessary\nto achieve the CWA’s objective “to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biolog ical\nintegrity of the Nation’s waters,” as specified in section 101(a) of the CWA,\n33 U.S.C. § 1251(a) . The removal and restoration desc ribed in parag raph 21 of Section II of this\nOrder are appropriate to alleviate actual and potential harm to water quality , aquatic habitat, and\nwildlife habitat c aused by Res pondents’ unperm itted activities.\n23.This Order was issued after consultation and coordination with the Corps’ Omaha\nDistrict, Helena Regulatory Office.\nIII. ORDER\nBased upon the foregoing FINDI NGS OF VIOLATIO N, and pursuant to the authority vested\nin the Administrator of the EPA pursuant to sections 308 and 309(a) of the CWA,\n33 U.S.C. §§ 1318 and 1319(a), as properly delegated to the Assistant Regional Administrator of\nthe Office of Enforcement, Compliance and Environmental Justice, EPA Region 8, it is hereby\nORDERED: 81.Respondents shall im mediately te rminate all discha rges of dredg ed or fill materia ls into\nwaters of the United States, now and in the future, unless specifically authorized by the Corps\nunder a valid per mit issued pursuant t o section 404 of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1344. T his\nprohibiti on include s all bank s tabiliza tion, mech anical land clearing, dr edging, fill ing, grading,\nleveling, installation of utilities, construction, and any other activities that result in a discharge of\ndredged or fill material into wate rs of the United Sta tes.\n2.Within forty- five (45) calen dar days of the receipt of th is Order, Respond ents shall submit\nto EPA for review and approval a Re storation Plan for the removal of the discharged fil l\nmaterials described in paragraph 4 of Section II of this Order and restoration of the area impacted\nby the discharged fill. The Restoration Plan shall be prepared in acc ordance with “ U.S.\nEnvironmental Protection Agency - Region VI II Section 404 Enforcement: General Guidelines\nfor Removal and Restoration Plans ,” attached hereto as Exhibit A. Additionally, the Restoration\nPlan shall:\na. Include a detailed work plan and schedule for all of the work to be ac complished\nby the Restoration Plan, including the application for any required permits, providing for\ncompletion of all aspects of the restoration work no later than \nAugust 1, 2004. The work plan shall, at a minimum, provide specific and detailed provisions\nfor:\ni.Removal of the fill m aterials dischar ged above and b elow the OHWM to\nupland areas in full compliance with and with prior approval of all Federal, State and\nlocal requirements, and providing a detailed description (including exact location) of the 9site to where the material will be relocated and proof that the owner of such site has\napproved the relocation of the discharged fill materials to such site;\nii.Stabilization of any fill material which is placed adjacent to waters of the\nUnited States to prevent incidental movement of this material into such waters; and\niii.Revegetation of the areas of the Yellowstone River bank impacted by the\nunauthorized disch arges describ ed in paragra ph 4 of Section I I of this Orde r with plants\nindigenous to the area which will prevent or reduce erosion of the river bank. The\nrevegetation component of the plan must contain grasses, forbs, and shrubs, and may\ncontain tree spe cies.\nb. Be prepared by a qualified hy drologist/engineer experienced in stream and\nwetland restoration, include detailed professional drawings of the restoration site, including\nplan and profile drawings with control elevations, and comply with all Federa l, State, and\nlocal requirements; and\nc. Be prepared in accordance w ith “Nationwide Pe rmits, Regional Co nditions, State\nof Montana, Omaha District - Corps of Engineers,” e ffective Marc h 18, 2002, attache d to\nthis Consent Order as Exhibit B, and “Sp ecial Public Notic e - Reissuance of the Generic\nProhibitions Regarding the Use of Certain Materials as Fill in Waters of the United States,”\nissued August 4, 2 003, attached to th is Consent Order a s Exhibit C.\n3.EPA will review the Restoration Plan an d approve it or re ject it with comment s. If EPA\nrejects the Restoration Plan, Respondents shall, within fifteen (15) calendar days of rec eipt of\nEPA’s rejection letter, submit a revised plan that corrects the deficiencies identified by EPA. 104.Upon receiving EPA’s written appr oval of the Restora tion Plan, Responden ts shall obtain\nall necessary permits to implement the EPA-approved plan and then commence re storation\nactivities in accordance with the approved plan, including the time frames specified therein, and\nall granted permits. Respondents shall demonstrate that all necessary permits have be en granted\nby providing complete copies o f all such permits, and any ame ndments thereto, t o EPA within\nseven (7) calen dar days of issuance of eac h permit.\n5.This Order is not a permit or an autho rization to place or discharge dre dged or fill\nmaterial in waters of the United States. Respondents shall consult with the Corps at the\nfollowing addre ss and telephone n umber to determine if any work to be performed p ursuant to\nthis Order requires a permit from the Corps under section 404 of the CWA:\nU.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District\nHelena Regulatory Office\n10 West Fifteenth Street, Suite 2200\nHelena, Montana 59626\nTelephone: (406) 441-1375\nIf required , Respondents shall obtain such permit (s) and provide a copy to EPA pu rsuant to\nparagraph 4 of Section III of this Order prior to initiating any work that is to be performed\npursuant to this Order.\n6.At least ten (10) calendar days prior to the anticipated completion of all restora tion\nactivities in acc ordance with the approved Restora tion Plan, Responden ts shall notify EPA so\nthat EPA can arra nge a final inte ragency inspection of the c ompleted restora tion activities.\n7.Respondents shall submit three (3) copies of the Restoration Plan, all notifications, and\nrelated correspondence to:\nKristine Knutson 11U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\n10 West Fifteenth Street, Suite 3200\nHelena, Montana 59626\nTelephone: (406) 457-5021 \nFacsimile: (406) 457-5055\nA copy of the restoration plan, all notifications, and related correspondenc e shall also be\nprovided to:\nSheldon H. Muller, 8ENF-L\nU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8\n999 18th Street, Suite 300\nDenver, CO 80202-2466\nTelephone: 303-312-6916\nFacsimile: 303-312-6953\n8.Any deliverables, plans, reports, specifications, schedules, and attachments re quired by\nthis Order are, u pon approval by EPA, incorporate d into this Order. A ny non-comp liance with\nsuch EPA-approve d deliverables, p lans, reports, spe cifications, sch edules, and attac hments shall\nbe deemed a fail ure to comply with this Order an d subject to EPA enf orcement.\n9.Respondents shall allow, or use their best effort to allow, access by any authorized\nrepresentative s of EPA, the Corps, t he Natural Resour ces Conservation Service, the U.S. Fish\nand Wildlife Service, the Soil Conservation Service, the Montana Department of Environmental\nQuality, the Montana Departm ent of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and the Y ellowstone County\nConservation District, or any of these agencies’ contrac tors, upon proper presentation of\ncredentials, to s ites and records relevant to this Or der for any of the following purposes: 12a. To inspect and monitor progress of the activities required by this Order;\nb. To inspect and monitor compliance with this Order; and\nc. To verify and evaluate data and other information submitted to EPA.\nThis Order shall in no way limit or otherwise affect EPA's authority , or the authority of any other\ngovernmental agency, to enter the Site, conduc t inspections, have access to records, issue notices\nand orders for enforcement, compliance, or abatement purposes, or monitor compliance pursuant\nto any statute, regulation, permit, or court order.\n10. This Order shall be effective upon receipt. Within five (5) calendar day s of receipt of\nthis Order, Respon dents shall inform E PA in writing of Re spondents’ intent t o fully compl y with\nthe Order.\n11.Please be advised that section 309(d) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1319(d), as modified by\nthe Civil Monetary Penalty I nflation Adjustment Rule, 69 Federal Register 7121 (February 13,\n2004), authorizes civil penalties of up to $32,500 per day for each violation of section 301 of the\nCWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1311, a nd for each viola tion of an order is sued by the A dministrator of EPA\nunder section 309(a) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1319(a). Additionally, section 309(g) of the\nCWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1319(g), authorizes EPA to impose administrative penalties for violations of\nthe CWA. Further, section 309(c) of the CWA, 33 U.S.C. § 1319(c), authorizes fines and\nimprisonment for willful or negligent violations of the CWA. Issuance of this Order shall not be\ndeemed to be an election by the United States to forego any civil or criminal action to seek\npenalties, fines, or other appropriate relief under the CWA for violations giving rise to the Order.\n12.Compliance with the terms and conditions of the Order shall not be construed to relieve\nRespondents of their obligation to comply with any applicable f ederal, state or local law. Failure 13by Respondents to complete the tasks described herein in the manner and time frame spe cified\npursuant to this Order may subject Respondents to a civil action under section 309 of the Clean\nWater Act, 33 U.S.C. section 1319, for violation of this Order.\nDATED this 10TH day of June, 2004.\n SIGNED \nCarol Rushin\nAssistant Regional Administrator\nOffice of Enforcement, Compliance\n and Environmental Justice\nIF YOU WOULD LIKE C OPIES OF THE ATTACHM ENTS, PLEASE CONTACT T HE\nREGIONAL HEARING CLER K.\nTHIS DOCUMENT WAS FILED IN THE RHC’S OFFICE ON JUNE 15, 2004."
} |
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"pdf_file": "MDWBAX6CXSTHPF6GJ7XEWLH2YBTBGR46.pdf",
"text": "Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n1 IM M I G R A N T WO R K E R S ’ HE A L T H & SA F E T Y \nTR A I N T H E TR A I N E R /square4/square4 /square4/square4 IN T R O D U C T I O N \n \nThis Train-the-Trainer Program was designed to orie nt community activists and leaders on the \nbasics of workplace health and safety: \n(1) Identifying hazards at the workplace, \n(2) Understanding how such hazards can impact worke rs’ health, \n(3) Basics on workers’ legal rights to a safe and h ealthy workplace, and \n(4) Tools for workers to develop their own solution s in the workplace. \n \nThe training was developed based in the experiences of the membership of Make the Road \nNew York – for low-wage Latino immigrant workers, m any of whom are undocumented. They \nwork in businesses including restaurants, delis and groceries, small factories, non-union \nconstruction, retail, home health care, domestic wo rk, among others. Many work in very small \nbusinesses – often with 10 or fewer employees. Few enjoy the protections afforded by a union \nin their job. \n \nFor many, unsafe working conditions are a routine r eality on the job – as is the real risk of \nretaliation, if workers speak out to the boss. Lik ewise, for many supporting families here and in \ntheir home country, an unsafe job may seem better t han the risk of no job at all. \n \nIt is in this context that we hope to arm community leaders with a realistic, relevant orientation \naround health and safety issues. There is an empha sis in this training on group work and group \nproblem solving – and a goal to identify those step s workers can take together to improve their \nworking conditions, with or without the knowledge o r support of the boss. It is important for \nworkers to understand that the law protects them ag ainst retaliation for complaining about \nunsafe conditions, regardless of immigration status . However, workers should also understand \nthat if they are fired in retaliation, it may be di fficult to win their job back if they lack status. \nLikewise, workers should also understand that the l aw affords fairly narrow protections for \nrefusing to perform work that is unsafe. \n \nWhere unsafe working conditions exist, the goal is to help workers connect to resources such as \ncommunity organizations like Make the Road – so wor kers can get the support and back-up to \ntake action, including reporting conditions to gove rnment agencies such as OSHA, the federal \nOccupational Safety and Health Administration. \n \nThis program is designed for workers with varying l evels of formal education and literacy in \ntheir native language. Group participatory activit ies, pictures, and other formats ensure that all \nworkers can actively and equally participate in the exercises. \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n2 Finally, this training covers the most fundamental rights of workers under the federal OSH Act, \nand is intended for workers who work primarily in w hat OSHA classifies as “miscellaneous.” \nOSHA issues very detailed regulations for many spec ific jobs, and many specific hazards, that \nare beyond the scope of this training. For more de tailed information to supplement these \nexercises, trainers are encouraged to read the Introduction to OSHA Instructor Guide \npublished by OSHA on its website. 1 The OSHA website has many useful resources for wo rkers \nas well. 2 \n \nAbout Make the Road New York: \nMake the Road New York is a community-based nonprof it organization with centers in \nBrooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, and Suffolk County Long Island, New York. Make the Road \nNew York builds the power of Latino and working cla ss communities to achieve dignity and \njustice through organizing, policy innovation, tran sformative education, and survival services. \nThe organization’s nearly 9,000 members – primarily low-income Latino immigrants – tackle the \nkey issues facing their communities, including work place justice, tenants’ rights, civil rights, \npublic education, health care access, adult literac y, and workforce development. For more than \n14 years, Make the Road has focused in particular o n helping low-wage immigrant workers \nenforce their most basic rights on the job – from r eceiving the minimum wage and overtime to \nensuring a healthy and safe work environment. This training is designed to help organizations \nacross the country work with community leaders and activists, to learn about workers’ rights to \na safe work environment and strategies to protectin g their own safety and health. \n \nAcknowledgments: \nMake the Road New drew from many wonderful resource s to create this training. In particular, \nthe exercises with graphics included below are modi fied from similar exercises included in the \nEnglish as a Second Language curriculum created by the New York Committee on Occupational \nSafety & Health (NYCOSH) entitled Taking Action for a Safe Workplace: Materials for E nglish \nLanguage Learner Teachers (2005). Many thanks as well to the people who con tributed their \nideas, time, and energy to this project, including in particular Luzdary Giraldo, Angela \nVillanueva, Nycole Garcia, Hilary Klein, and Amy Ca rroll. \n \n1 See www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/intro_osha/intro_to_osha_ guide.pdf . For other useful handouts and \ninformation, see also www.osha.gov/dte/outreach/teachingaids.html . Also visit the website of the Centers for \nDisease Control for more information. http://www.c dc.gov/Workplace/. \n2 http://www.osha.gov/workers.html \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n3 \nTR A I N E R TI P S & PR E P A R A T I O N \n \nBefore you hold the training, think through the fol lowing in preparation: \n \n/checkbld/checkbld /checkbld/checkbld Work Space \nKnow the space in which you will hold the training. It is best to have the group \nsit in a circle for large group activities. For sm all group work, make sure there is \nsufficient space for people to spread out. \n \n \n/checkbld/checkbld /checkbld/checkbld Managing Questions: \nPost a large sheet of butcher paper at the start of the day, labeled “ Questions ” \nor “Preguntas” (in Spanish). Encourage participant s to ask questions as you \nproceed. If a question is not related to the immed iate topic, or if you do not \nknow the answer yourself, have them write the quest ion up on the sheet (or \nwrite it for them, if they do not feel comfortable writing). At the end of the \ntraining, run through the list and see how many que stions are not yet answered. \nPrepare to return with an answer yourself, or assig n research to participants. \n \n/checkbld/checkbld /checkbld/checkbld Group Dynamic \nEstablish a practice to encourage “Step Up/Step Bac k.” Participants who speak \noften should be encouraged to “step back” so others may contribute. \nParticipants who are shy about offering ideas shoul d be encouraged to “step \nup.” In group discussions, wait to call on someone a second time until all others \nhave had a chance to speak. Also consider gender b alance – ensure that all \nparticipate equally in group discussions. \n \n/checkbld/checkbld /checkbld/checkbld Ground Rules \nHave the group establish ground rules that you writ e up at the front of the room. \nGood rules include shutting off cell phones, respec t for everyone’s ideas, “one \nvoice” (only one person speaks at a time), and main taining the confidentiality of \nwhat is shared in the group. \n \n/checkbld/checkbld /checkbld/checkbld Visuals \nIt is very useful to post visuals and information a round the meeting space. You \ncan post “teasers” – such single-word signs includi ng “OSHA,” “HAZARD,” and \n“SAFE,” as well as signs with statistics you will r eview (injury rates, etc.). \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n4 \nAG E N D A & PL A N F O R TR A I N I N G \n \nThe following agenda is intended to take approximat ely 10 hours to complete. It can be \nshortened, and completed in a single day, or broken into two portions spread over two days. \n \nD A Y O N E – A P P R O X . 5 H O U R S \n \n1 ) IN T R O D U C T I O N S & OV E R V I E W 3 5 M I N U T E S \n \na. Introduce yourself & role with the organization \nb. Introduce the host organization, e.g.: \n Make the Road New York builds the power of Latino and working class communities \nto achieve dignity and justice through organizing, policy innovation, transformative \neducation, and survival services. With nearly 9,00 0 members at our four \ncommunity-based centers, we organize around workers ’ rights issues – including \nhelping workers fight to for workplaces that are sa fe and healthy. \n \nc. Go around the circle asking participants to introdu ce themselves by sharing: \ni. Their name \nii. Their current job (or a recent job, if not working) \niii. A movement that typifies what they do at work. (Yo u can kick of the round \nby demonstrating: for instance, “I am a teacher” – and mime some aspect of \nteaching.) \n \n /barb2right Keep track of names and jobs/industries. You may divide groups according to \njobs later in the day, if participants divide neatl y into separate industries. \n \nd. Review the brief agenda & goals for the day \nGoal: For this group of community leaders and activists to learn about workplace \nhazards; workers’ legal rights to a safe workplace; and tactics and strategies workers \ncan use to minimize risks in the workplace. As lea ders, participants will have the \nduty to share what they have learned with family, f riends, and co-workers. \n Ask participants to add any other goals to this ba sic mission statement. \n Ask participants to set “Ground Rules” for the day – using the basics outlined above \nas a starting point. \n \n \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n5 2 ) IN T R O D U C T I O N T O WO R K E R S HE A L T H & SA F E T Y IS S U E S 1 0 M I N U T E S \nGOAL : This activity is designed for the group to get a sense of how common unsafe working \nconditions are in the community. You will read a s eries of questions and ask those answering \n“yes” to physically signal their response without s peaking. \n/head2right Step In/Step Out format. Ask everyone to stand in a large circle. Those \nanswering “yes” to the question should take one ste p into the circle, while those \nanswering “no” remain where they are. \n/head2right Stand Up/Sit Down format. If you do not have a lo t of room, ask participants \nto simply stand up if their answer is “yes,” or to remain seated if “no.” \nQuestions (create more question as are relevant to your parti cipants) \n1) I have had to do work that I thought was unsafe at least once in a job. \n2) I have seen others do work that I thought was unsaf e. \n3) I have been hurt on the job. \n4) I have seen someone else get hurt on the job. \n5) I have been hurt on the job so badly I had to go to the doctor. \n6) I know someone who has been hurt so badly on the jo b they had to go to the doctor. \n \nReflection: \nHow do participants feel having done the exercise? What do they think about it? \n \n \n3 ) UN K N O W N FA C T O R Y ST O R Y 3 0 M I N U T E S \n \nGOAL : This activity is intended to set the historical stage for worker safety and health issues, \nand to familiarize participants with phrases such a s “workplace safety,” “hazard,” and \n“occupational safety.” The handout [ Handout #1: Factory Story ] is the story of the historic \nTriangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, which occurred in 1911 near Washington Square Park in \nManhattan. 3 \nNote: the participant handout does not include the date, the name of the factory, the location, \nor any details about the workers. Have participant s read the story aloud – and answer the \ndiscussion questions included on the handout and be low. This exercise is intended to show \nworkers how worker safety and health risks continue – despite tragedies like this fire. \nPass out Handout #1 to the group. If all participa nts are comfortable reading aloud, have each \nparticipant read 1-2 sentences, going around in a c ircle until the entire story is completed. If \nsome participants are unable to read, ask for volun teers to read the story aloud. \n \n \n \n3 For more detailed information about this event, se e http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/ . Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n6 Discussion Questions (also included on bottom of ha ndout) \n1) Where in New York City do you think this took place ? What borough or \nneighborhood? \n2) What kind of factory do you think it was? \n3) What year do you think it happened? \n4) How many days a week and hours a day do you think t hese workers worked? \n5) Who do you think these workers were? Where were th ey from? Were the men \nor women? How old do you think they were? \n6) What are some of the reasons this disaster happened ? \n \nAs you facilitate a discussion, fill in the actual facts of the tragedy: \n• The fire took place in New York City on March 25, 1 911. \n• The factory was located at 23-29 Washington Place, between Greene Street and \nWashington Square East in Manhattan, New York City (Greenwich Village). \n• The Triangle Waist Company was one of the largest b louse makers in New York \nCity, specializing in “shirtwaists,” the very popul ar women's blouse of the era. \n• 146 people died as a result of the fire: 129 women and 17 men. \n• Many of the workers were young women, most of them Italian and European \nJewish immigrants between 16 and 23 years old. Som e were as young as 14. \n• They worked nine hours a day on weekdays, plus seve n hours on Saturdays \n(notably less than many garment factory workers tod ay). \nCurrent Day Snap Shot [Handout #2] \nEnd by reviewing statistics about injury rates toda y, for example:4 \n/square4 In 2009, the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics rep orted an average of 12 workers \nwere killed every day on the job in the U.S. (Total 4,340 workers a yea r.) \n/square4 That same year, another 50,000 were killed from occ upational disease – diseases \ncaused by conditions at work. \n/square4 Estimates suggest that about 8 million to 12 millio n job injuries or illnesses occur \nevery year. \n/square4 Latino workers continued to have a greater risk of job fatalities. There were 668 \nfatalities among Latino workers. Of those, 59% (39 3) were born outside the U.S. \n/square4 The first federal law to protect workers’ health an d safety on the job was not passed \nuntil 1970 – nearly 60 years after the Triangle Shi rtwaist Factory Fire. \nDiscussion : Spend a few minutes asking workers to comment on why so many workers are still \nhurt on the job and why the rates of fatalities are higher for Latino workers. \n \n \n4 Statistics taken from the AFL-CIO Report Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect , April 2001. Available at \nhttp://www.aflcio.org/issues/safety/memorial/doj_20 11.cfm . \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n7 \n* * 1 0 MI N U T E BR E A K * * \n \n \n4 ) HA Z A R D MA P P I N G A T T H E A B C GA R M E N T FA C T O R Y 6 0 M I N U T E S \n \nGOAL : for participants to start identifying safety haza rds caused by physical risks – slippery \nfloors, broken machinery, etc. These are often the most obvious hazards, and the first that \nparticipants identify. \n \nGROUP BRAINSTORM: Ask for volunteers to give exampl es of a “hazard” on the job that might \ncause harm to a worker’s safety or health. They ca n use examples from their own jobs, or using \ntheir imagination. \n \nIf participants give an example of an injury, e.g., a burn, ask them to give the cause of the injury, \ne.g., hot oil or an open flame. Explain that the c ause of the injury is the workplace hazard. \n \nAs the list of examples grows, point out that hazar ds fall in to different categories: \n1. Safety hazards: these are physical conditions that can cause harm, such as slippery \nfloors, broken ladders, or high heat. \n2. Chemicals exposure: hazardous chemicals (cleaning p roducts, chemicals used in \nproduction, etc.) are common in many jobs. \n3. Biological hazards: workers may get exposed to viru ses or bacteria, blood, insects, or \nother biological hazards on the job. \n4. Misc. hazards: this can include things like workpla ce violence. \n \nNext, divide group up again into small groups of ma ximum 4 participants per group. You can \neither keep groups the same as earlier, or mix part icipants up. Tell participants they all work \ntogether at the ABC Garment Factory and that they a re meeting after work one day to talk \nabout some of the health and safety problems they a re having on the job. \n \nDistribute: \n/square4 Handout #3 – drawing of the ABC Garment Factory (on e per participant) \n/square4 Handout #4 – the health & safety checklist \n \nReview the example provided in the checklist to exp lain how to use the chart. If people still \nseem uncertain, ask them to share another example o f a hazard with the group, and the effect \nor injury it might cause. \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n8 \nFrom Handout #4: \n \nHAZARD & LOCATION E FFECT OR INJURY \nExample: \nMeat slicer / sharp blade Cuts \n \n \nAsk the groups to spend 20 minutes looking at the d rawing, and imagining that they work in \nthat environment. What kind of safety risks are th ere? What might threaten their health? Ask \nthem to write down every possible HAZARD or UNSAFE CONDITION that they think exists in the \nfactory. \n \nEmphasize that they should use their: \n/head2right EYES: imagine looking around at the factory \n/head2right EARS: imagine listening to the typical sounds \n/head2right NOSE: imagine what smells might be present \n \nEach group should choose a name for their group and a Secretary to take notes. After about \n15-20 minutes, reconvene as a large group. Taking turns, have each group read out one of the \nhazards they identified. On butcher paper at the f ront, write up the answers. Keep going \naround until all groups have shared all their hazar ds. \n \nExplain that you will return to this exercise in a little while. \n \n \n \nB R E A K – 1 5 M I N U T E S \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n9 \n5 ) HA Z A R D MA P P I N G CO N T ’D. – “ I N V I S I B L E ” HA Z A R D S 2 0 M I N U T E S \n \nGOAL : to help participants identify not only safety haz ards that are obvious to the eye, but \nother more “invisible” hazards. These hazards are sometimes identifiable more from the \nsymptom than the hazard – you feel dizzy, your eyes water, your nose runs or itches, you get a \nheadache, etc. \n \nTransition from the factory exercise by explaining that workers are often exposed to “invisible” \nhazards – for example, chemical or biological expos ure. \n \nDistribute Handout #5, Maria’s Nail Salon. Ask eve ryone to imagine that they work in this nail \nsalon, six days a week, 10 hours a day. Have them study the drawing, taking note of possible \nhazards in the picture. \n \nTeaching trick /barb2right You can also bring a bottle of hairspray to class and spray a bit and/or \na bottle of nail polish and nail polish remover tha t you simply open and leave sitting out \nfor a few minutes. \n \nActivity: explain that participants will each have the oppor tunity to act out, without using \nwords, how they think they would feel after working in the nail salon for a few weeks. Ask for \n4-5 volunteers to come to the front of the room to act out how they feel. Have the rest of the \ngroup guess what the symptoms are. Some examples c ould be: holding your head because it \nhurts; rubbing your eyes; blowing your nose: acting dizzy, etc. You can act out one to get the \ngroup started. \n Questions: \n(1) What might be causing these symptoms? \n(2) How is this caused? (Skin contact, breathe in chem icals or fumes, drink it) \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n10 \n6 ) HE A L T H IM P A C T S O F WO R K HA Z A R D S 3 0 M I N U T E S \n \nGOAL : to help participants further identify how hazards impact their body and their health, as \nthey started to do with the nail salon exercise. Participants will identify both short-term \nproblems – cuts, burns, accidents – as well as long er-term health impacts of hazards. \n \nProvide each participant with a large piece of butc her paper, markers, and dot stickers in \ndifferent colors. Ask them to draw the outline of their own body and label their page at the top \nwith (1) their name and (2) their job. Ask them to take 10 minutes to put stickers on their body \nmap indicating where they have pain, stress, or inj uries from their job. Encourage them to note \nboth immediate pains – from cuts or burns – as well as longer-term pains – muscle aches, \nbreathing problems, etc. \n \nIf you prefer, you can ask participants to complete Handout #6 for the body mapping. \n \nReport-back : depending on the group, you can have workers repo rt-back in small groups \ndivided by type of job or industry. If the large g roup is very diverse, in terms of types of jobs, \ncreate mixed groups and ask workers to spend 2 minu tes per person explaining their body map \nto the group. \n \nLarge group discussion: Ask participants to share any reactions to what the y learned from the \nactivity. Did they see any patterns? What kinds o f health impacts did participants notice most \nfrequently? In leading the discussion, help the gr oup identify and discuss longer-term health \nconsequences of workplace hazards, such as long-ter m respiratory problems, ergonomic issues, \netc. \n \n* * 1 0 MI N U T E BR E A K * * Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n11 \n7 ) IM P R O V I N G SA F E T Y O N T H E JO B 6 0 M I N U T E S \n \nGOAL : Now that participants have identified hazards, an d explored how hazards impact their \nhealth, these activities will help participants thi nk about steps they can take to deal with \nhazards in the workplace. \n \nExplain to participants that now that they have sta rted identifying the hazards at the ABC \nGarment Factory and at Maria’s Nail Salon, they are going to brainstorm ways to lessen or get \nrid of these hazards. Explain that their goals, in order of importance should be to: \n \nREMOVE, CONTROL & PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. \n \nThis means: \n1) Removing the hazard . The best option is to completely get rid of the hazard \naltogether. For example, you could substitute non- toxic materials or replace broken \nequipment. But…. \n2) Controlling the hazard . It is not always possible to completely remove a hazard. In \nthat case, your next question should be: how can yo u control it? How can you \nminimize it? Consider both administrative and engineering controls . \na. There might be physical changes – mats for slippery floors; guards on machines, \nthat help lessen the danger. \nb. There might be way to train workers to work more sa fely, etc. \n3) Protecting against the hazard . The last line of defense is to protect against t he \nhazard by providing workers with personal protectiv e equipment (“PPE”) – like \ngloves, masks, etc. \n \nWrite (1) REMOVE, (2) CONTROL, (3) PPE on butcher p aper at the front of the room. \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n12 \n \nFor 20 minutes in their small groups, have the part icipants revisit either the ABC Factory or \nMaria’s Nail Salon (their choice), and brainstorm s olutions using this chart from Handout #7: \n \nHazard Solution \nExample: \nMeat slicer / sharp blade Guards on machine; training workers to use; lock-ou t to \nshut off machine if there is jam, etc. \n \nAs they brainstorm, they should: \n(1) Include solutions that are specific and relevant to the situation; \n(2) Indicate whether the solutions involve removing, co ntrolling, or protecting against \nthe hazard; and \n(3) Note which solutions workers can take on their own, and which solutions require \nthe employer to take action. \n(4) Flag the 3-4 best solutions to a hazard that they a re proposing. \n \nReport back : each group should spend 5 minutes reporting back on the 3-4 best solutions they \nbrainstormed as a group. \n \nGROUP DISCUSSION : Ask for commentaries from the group based on the activity. Ask them in \nparticular to talk about what solutions workers can implement on their own, and what solutions \nrequire the employer’s involvement. As the facilit ator, you should help manage the \nconversation – challenge the group when solutions a re not realistic, raise other ideas that occur \nto you but that do not come out in the group discus sion, etc. \n \n \n \n \nB R E A K F O R T H E D A Y . Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n13 \nD A Y T W O – AP P R O X . 4 . 5 HO U R S \n \n8 ) RE-A S S E M B L E F O R D A Y 2 1 5 M I N U T E S \n \nWelcome participants back to day two of the trainin g. To start, have participants sit in a circle \nin a large group and going around, say their name a nd one thing that they learned or that \nimpacted them from the first day’s activities. \n \n9 ) WO R K E R S ’ LE G A L RI G H T S 4 5 M I N U T E S \n \nGOAL : To orient the group to their basic legal rights u nder federal and state law to work in a \nsafe and healthy workplace. \n \nRemind participants about the activities they did a t the end of the prior day: they identified \nhazards, and proposed solutions. Remind participan ts that some of the most important \nsolutions they proposed require the employer to tak e steps. \n \nPoll participants: what do you think the boss would do if you made these suggestions at work? \nExplain that you will now review workers’ basic leg al rights. \n \nAsk the group to share: \n1) the name of the federal law that protects workers’ safety and health on the job \n2) the name of the federal agency that enforces this l aw \n \n/barb2right Write up on the board or on paper “OSHA” – explain that OSHA, which is part of the \nDepartment of Labor, enforces the federal Occupatio nal Safety and Health Act, the main \nlaw that protects workers on the job. \n \n/barb2right Ask the group to guess what year the law was passe d: answer is 1970. \n \nExplain that the OSH Act applies to: \n1) Basically all workers and \n2) It applies to workers regardless of their immigrati on status. 5 \n \nOSHA works to: \n1) develop rules about workplace safety; \n2) enforce those rules through inspecting workplaces; \n3) track workplace accidents; and \n \n5 Workers typically not covered by OSHA include the self-employed; immediate family members of farm emp loyers \nwho do not employ any outside employees; and worker s covered under another federal law (such as minewo rkers \nor those in the Coast Guard). Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n14 4) train workers and employees on workplace health and safety. \n \nExplain that you have 5 basic rights under OSHA . Ask group to brainstorm what these rights \nmight be – write ideas up on the board. Then revie w the 5 key rights: \n \n1) A healthy and safe workplace; \n2) Information; \n3) Training; \n4) To request that an unsafe workplace situation be ch anged (and to file a complaint with \nOSHA about it); and \n5) Protection from retaliation for reporting unsafe wo rking conditions. \n \n/head2right Distribute Handout #8, workers rights under OSHA. \n \nGo back one by one to discuss them in more depth. \n \n1) Healthy and safe workplace : \na. You have the legal right to work free from known ha zards that can cause death \nor serious physical harm to you. This includes hav ing tools and equipment that is \nin good condition an regularly maintained. \nb. Where an unsafe condition exists, an employer must first attempt to reduce a \nhazard to a safe level by using engineering or admi nistrative control, for example \nby substituting less hazardous materials or work pr actices. \nc. If engineering and administrative controls cannot a dequately reduce the hazard \nof the working condition, then an employer must pro vide a worker personal \nprotective equipment (PPE) at no cost to the worker . \n \n2) Information : \na. Your rights as a worker – the OSHA poster. Distrib ute copies of the poster and \nask if participants have seen it posted at their jo b. \nb. Information on dangerous chemicals used in your job . \ni. Explain that employers must have Material Safety Da ta Sheets for all \nhazardous chemicals used. Distribute the sample MS DS for review. \nii. Employers are to provide training on hazardous chem icals that can be \nunderstood by the worker (including in the worker’s primary language). \nc. Information on injuries or illnesses that happen at your worksite. \ni. If there are more than 10 workers on the job, the e mployer must keep an \nOSHA 300 log of all injuries and illnesses. \nd. Copies of your own medical records, if kept by the employer. Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n15 \n3) Training : your employer must train you to perform your job safely, according to the \nOSHA rules that apply. \n \n4) Reporting unsafe working conditions . You can: \na. Ask your employer to correct unsafe working conditi ons; \nb. File a complaint with OSHA anonymously about the co ndition; \nc. Participate in the OSHA investigation and get infor mation about the resolution. \nd. Workers should call OSHA immediately (1-800-321-OSH A) to report imminent \ndangers. To count as an “imminent” danger, there m ust be: \ni. A threat of death or serious physical harm (meaning such severe harm to \na part of your body you will lose use or not be abl e to use it well). \nii. Exposure to a health hazard (e.g., a chemical) that will shorten the \nworker’s life or substantially reduce the worker’s physical or mental \nabilities (harm does not have to happen immediately ). \n \n5) Protection against retaliation :6 \na. Your employer can’t retaliate against you for repor ting an unsafe condition or \nparticipating in an OSHA investigation. Report ins tances of retaliation to OSHA \nimmediately, but no later than 30 days after it hap pens! \n \nQUESTION : When can a worker refuse to do unsafe work and be protected against retaliation? \n/square4 OSHA does not necessarily protect a worker who refu ses to do work as ordered by \nthe employer, even if that work may be unsafe. Ref using work can result in discipline \nby the employer. \n/square4 However, if a worker reasonably believes, in good f aith, that they are being exposed \nto an imminent danger , the worker may refuse to perform the work as orde red. \no \"Good faith\" means that even if an imminent danger is not found to exist, \nthe worker had reasonable grounds to believe that i t did exist. \no As noted above, “imminent dangers” are serious, imm ediate dangers that \nare likely to cause serious injury. \n/square4 While you may have a right to refuse to engage in w ork that presents an imminent \ndanger, you do not have the right to walk off the j ob. \n \n \n6 The information on retaliation is drawn nearly ver batim from OSHA’s guide, found at: \nwww.osha.gov/dte/outreach/intro_osha/intro_to_osha_ guide.pdf . Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n16 When might you decide to refuse to do work that pre sents an imminent danger? Your right \nto refuse to do a task is protected if all of the following conditions are met: \n(1) Where possible, you have asked the employer to elim inate the danger, and the \nemployer failed to do so; and \n(2) You refused to work in \"good faith.\" This means tha t you must genuinely believe \nthat an imminent danger exists. Your refusal cannot be a disguised attempt to harass \nyour employer or disrupt business; and \n(3) A reasonable person would agree that there is a rea l danger of death or serious \ninjury; and \n(4) There isn't enough time, due to the urgency of the hazard, to get it corrected \nthrough regular enforcement channels, such as reque sting an OSHA inspection. \nWhen all of these conditions are met, you should ta ke the following steps: \n(1) Ask your employer to correct the hazard; \n(2) Ask your employer for other work; \n(3) Tell your employer that you won't perform the work unless and until the hazard is \ncorrected; and \n(4) Remain at the worksite until ordered to leave by yo ur employer. \n/barb2right If your employer discriminates against you for ref using to perform the dangerous \nwork, contact OSHA immediately . \nWhen you file your complaint, you must demonstrate that: \n1) You were engaged in activity protected under the Act, such as notifying your \nemployer of an unsafe working condition; \n2) Your employer knew about your protected activity ; and \n3) It was because of your protected activity that t he employer took adverse action \nagainst you. \nAdverse action is generally defined as any action t hat would dissuade a reasonable employee \nfrom engaging in protected activity. Depending upon the circumstances of the case, \"adverse\" \naction can include: \n• Firing or laying off \n• Blacklisting • Demoting \n• Denying overtime or promotion Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n17 • Disciplining \n• Denial of benefits \n• Failure to hire or rehire \n• Intimidation • Making threats \n• Reassignment affecting prospects \nfor promotion \n• Reducing pay or hours \n \nClosing Discussion : Ask for questions or commentaries from the group. \n \nBR E A K – 1 0 MI N U T E S \n \n1 0 ) FI N A L SK I T 7 5 M I N U T E S \n \nGOAL : for participants to synthesize the information th ey have learned in an interactive activity \nthat can be used to train other groups of workers. \n \nExplain that each small group will have 25 minutes to prepare a skit that incorporates what they \nhave learned from the training. Participants are f ree to choose the focus on their skit: they can \nrevisit earlier activities/examples and use those f or the substance of the skit; they can “invent” \na workplace; or they can use an example from their own lives. Emphasize that the groups will \nhave limited time to develop their full skit, so th ey should focus on building the skit rather than \nspending time choosing a topic. \n \nThe skits should be 8-10 minutes long. Each skit s hould: \n1) Illustrate a group of workers dealing with some kin d of hazard at their job; \n2) Make clear what the hazard is that is a problem; \n3) Show what harm that hazard is causing; \n4) Illustrate tactics the workers can use to lessen th e risk of the hazard. \n \nGive the groups 25 minutes to prepare and practice their skits. You can reconfigure groups so \nthat there are 4 small groups who will then perform their skit to the large group. Have each \ngroup perform their skit, and give 5 minutes after the skit for group feedback. \n \n \n \n \n \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n18 1 1 ) PO S T - TE S T , RE F L E C T I O N , A N D PL A N O F AC T I O N 7 5 M I N U T E S \n \nGOAL : to review what participants have learned, what th ey liked best about the training, how \nthey will use their knowledge to reach other worker s, and goals in their own jobs. \nHave participants go around in a circle and share w ith the group, in one minute or less: \n/barb2right One thing they learned at the training; \n/barb2right One thing they will do differently in their job bas ed on what they learned; and \n/barb2right One idea about how they can share what they have le arned with other workers. \nDistribute the Post-Test and ask participants to sp end 10 minutes completing it. Collect the \ntests. \nAfter collecting the tests, spend 5-10 minutes taki ng questions from participants. Was there \nanything they didn’t remember or had questions abou t, especially after taking the test? Any \nareas where they would like more information? \nNext: distribute Handout #9, the Plan of Action. E xplain to participants that they should now \neach spend 10 minutes on their own, thinking about what commitment they can make to \nsharing the information they learned with their com munity. \nHave participants break up in to their small groups and spend 15 minutes presenting their Plans \nof Action to each other. Come back as a large grou p, and ask participants to share any last \nthoughts or ideas with the large group. \nIf you have prepared certificates ahead of time, di stribute certificates to participants. (If not, \ntell participants you will mail them their certific ate.) \nEnd with a Unity Clap. Have participants stand in a circle, and begin clapping in unison slowly. \nSlowly increase the speed of clapping, and as the m omentum builds, the group converges in the \nmiddle with a shout of “Sí se puede!” or “Yes we ca n!” \n \n \nE N D O F T R A I N I N G . Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n19 H A N D O U T 1 : N E W Y O R K C I T Y F A C T O R Y F I R E \n \nMarch 25, 4:40pm. A fire breaks out in a factory in a 10-story building. There is no fire alarm in \nthe factory, which occupies the 8 th , 9 th , and 10 th floors. Workers on the 8 th floor phone upstairs \nto workers on the 10 th to warn them. But there is no way to contact work ers on the 9 th floor. \nWorkers begin to panic, desperate to escape the spr eading fire. But there is only a small \nelevator located in the back of the building and on e stairway. Every day, the managers lock all \nthe other doors, exits, and the front elevator to p revent employee “theft.” \nThe building has only one fire escape, which is poo rly built and in disrepair. It quickly gives way, \ncausing workers to fall nearly 100 ft. \nThe fire department arrives on the scene, but their ladders only reach the 6 th floor. They \nunwind their hoses, but water pressure is weak – an d the stream of water only reaches the 7 th \nfloor. Their nets are weak, and fail to hold worke rs leaping from the burning building. \nThe building doors open inwards, rather than out, c ausing further chaos as panicked workers \ntry to flee. \nBy the end of the disaster, 146 of the approximatel y 500 workers in the factory died that day. \nSixty-two of those who died had jumped, fallen or w ere pushed from the top floors windows. \nTragically, there had already been four fires repor ted in this factory previously. Investigations \nlater showed the fire started when a cigarette was thrown in a waste bin that had accumulated \nover two months’ worth of trash. \n \nQuestions for Discussion: \n1. Where in New York City do you think this took place ? What borough or neighborhood? \n2. What kind of factory do you think it was? \n3. What year do you think it happened? \n4. How many days a week and hours a day do you think t hese workers worked? \n5. Who do you think these workers were? Where were th ey from? Were the men or \nwomen? How old do you think they were? \n6. What are some of the reasons this disaster happened ? \n \n \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n20 H A N D O U T # 1 : I N C E N D I O E N U N A F Á B R I C A D E N U E V A Y O R K \n25 de marzo, 4:40pm. Comienza un incendio en una fá brica localizada en un edificio de 10 \npisos. No hay alarma de incendios en la fábrica, qu e ocupa el octavo, noveno y décimo piso. Los \ntrabajadores en el octavo piso llaman por teléfono a los trabajadores del décimo piso para \nadvertirles. Sin embargo no hay forma de contactar a los trabajadores del noveno piso. \nLos trabajadores entran en pánico, desesperados por escapar del incendio que se va \nextendiendo por toda la fábrica. Pero sólo hay un a scensor pequeño localizado en la parte de \natrás del edificio y unas escaleras. Todos los días , los gerentes cerraban las demás puertas, \nsalidas y el otro ascensor en la parte frontal al e dificio para prevenir que los empleados \n“robaran” mercancía. \nEl edificio sólo tiene una escalera de incendios, q ue está mal construida y en mal estado. \nRápidamente se descompone, provocando que los traba jadores caigan desde una altura de casi \n100 pies. \nEl departamento de incendios llega al lugar, pero s us escaleras sólo llegan al sexto piso. Utilizan \nsus mangueras, pero la presión de agua es débil, y la corriente de agua sólo llega el séptimo \npiso. Las redes son débiles, y no logran para atrap ar a las personas que van cayendo desde el \nedificio en llamas. \nLas puertas del edificio abren hacia adentro en vez de hacia afuera, causando aún más caos \nmientras los trabajadores están desesperados por sa lir. \n Al final de la catástrofe, 146 de los aproximadame nte 500 trabajadores en la fábrica murieron \nese día. 62 de las víctimas saltaron, se cayeron o fueron empujados desde las ventanas del \nedificio. \nTrágicamente, ya habían ocurrido cuatro incendios e n esta fábrica anteriormente. Al hacer una \ninvestigación del incidente, se cree que el incendi o comenzó al echar un cigarrillo en un cubo de \nbasura que tenía acumulada la basura de aproximadam ente 2 meses. \nPreguntas de discusión \n1. ¿En qué lugar de Nueva York crees que ocurrió este evento? ¿En qué barrio o \nvecindario? \n2. ¿Qué tipo de fábrica crees que era? \n3. ¿En qué año crees que sucedió? \n4. ¿Cuántos días a la semana y horas al día crees que estos trabajadores trabajaban? \n5. ¿Quiénes crees que eran estos trabajadores? ¿De dón de eran? ¿Eran hombres o \nmujeres? ¿Qué edades crees que tenían? \n6. ¿Cuáles son algunas de las razones por las cuales s ucedió este desastre? Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n21 H A N D O U T # 2 : ST A T I S T I C S O N WO R K E R HE A L T H & SA F E T Y 7 \n \n/square4 In 2009, an average of 12 workers were killed every day on the job in the U.S. \n(Total 4,340 workers a year.) \n \n/square4 That same year, another 50,000 were killed from occ upational disease – \ndiseases caused by conditions at work. \n \n/square4 Estimates suggest that about 8 million to 12 millio n job injuries or illnesses \noccur every year. \n \n/square4 Latino workers continued to have a greater risk of job fatalities. \no There were 668 fatalities among Latino workers; \no Of those, 59% (393) were born outside the U.S. \n \n/square4 The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire happened in 19 11. The first federal law \nto protect workers’ health and safety on the job was not passed until 1970 – \nnearly 60 years later. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n7 Statistics taken from the AFL-CIO Report Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect , April 2011. Available at \nhttp://www.aflcio.org/issues/safety/memorial/doj_20 11.cfm . \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Train the Trainer Curriculum \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n22 HA N D O U T # 2 : ES T A D Í S T I C A S D E SA L U D Y SE G U R I D A D D E L O S TR A B A J A D O R E S 8 \n \n/square4 En el 2009, un promedio de 12 trabajadores perdieron la vida todos los días \nen el trabajo en Estados Unidos (Un total de 4,430 t rabajadores al año). \n \n/square4 Ese mismo año, otros 50,000 murieron como causa de lesiones y \nenfermedades ocupacionales causadas por condiciones en el trabajo. \n \n/square4 Se estima que ocurren anualmente aproximadamente en tre 8 y 12 millones \nde lesiones o enfermedades ocupacionales. \n \n/square4 Los trabajadores latinos continuaron teniendo el may or riesgo de perder la \nvida en el trabajo. \no Hubo 668 muertes entre trabajadores latinos. \no De ellos, el 59% (393) nacieron fuera de los Estado s Unidos. \n \n/square4 El incendio de la “Triangle Shirtwaist Factory” ocu rrió en 1911. La primera ley \npara proteger la salud y seguridad de los trabajador es no fue aprobada hasta \n1970 – casi 60 años más tarde. \n \n8 Información de AFL-CIO Report Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect , April 2011 de \nhttp://www.aflcio.org/issues/safety/memorial/doj_20 11.cfm . \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n This material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessar ily \nreflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commer cial products, or organizations imply endorsement b y the \nU.S. Government. \n \nH A N D O U T # 3 : A B C FÁ B R I C A D E L /square4 RO P A A B C GA R M E N T FA C T O R Y \n¿P UEDEN IDENTIFICAR LOS RIESGOS EN ESTE LUGAR DE TRAB AJO ? /square4 CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS IN THIS PICTURE ? \nSource: Your Rights at Work, an ESL Workbook , (1997, UNITE). \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n This material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessar ily \nreflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commer cial products, or organizations imply endorsement b y the \nU.S. Government. \n \nH A N D O U T # 4 : R I E S G O S / H A Z A R D S \n \nRIESGO & LOCALIZACIÓN / HAZARD & LOCATION E FECTO O LESIÓN / EFFECT OR INJURY \nEjemplo / Example: Cuchilla afilada / Meat slicer, sharp blade Cortes / Cuts \n 1) \n 2) \n 3) \n 4) \n 5) \n 6) \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n This material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessar ily \nreflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commer cial products, or organizations imply endorsement b y the \nU.S. Government. \n 7) \n 8) \n 9) \n 10) \n 11) \n 12) \n13) Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n H A N D O U T # 5 : EL SALÓN DE UÑAS DE MARÍA /square4/square4 /square4/square4 M A R I A ’ S N A I L S A L O N \n¿P UEDEN IDENTIFICAR LOS RIESGOS EN EL DIBUJO ? /square4 CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS IN THIS PICTURE ? \n \n \n \nSource: Taking Action for a Safe Workplace , NYCOSH (2005). \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n H A N D O U T # 6 : E J E R C I C I O D E M A P E O C O R P O R A L \n \n \nTrabajo : ______________________________ \nTareas principales : _________________________________________________ _____________ \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __ \n \n1. Indique la parte o el área del cuerpo que le oca siona molestias y el nivel de dolor o \nmalestar que experimentó : \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n2. Marque la(s) palabra(s) que mejor describen su p roblema : \n \n Dolorido Quemazón Calambre s Entumecimiento Dolor Hinchazón \n \n Rigidez Le pica Debilidad Decoloración O tro \n \n3. ¿Cuánto dura cada episodio? (marque con una “ X” sobre la línea) \n ________/ ________/ _________/ _________/ _______ __/ __________/ \n (1 hora) (1 día) (2-3 días) (1 seman a) (1 mes) (6 meses) \n \n4. ¿Cuál cree que fue la causa del problema? ________________________________________ \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________________________________ \n \n \n5. Escriba un comentario sobre lo que cree que mejo raría sus síntomas. _________________ \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________________________________ Nivel de dolor o malestar \nParte del cuerpo Apenas \nperceptible Moderado Intolerable \n Cuello \n Hombro \n Parte alta de la espalda \n Codo/Antebrazo \n Muñeca/Mano \n Dedos \n Parte baja de la espalda \n Cadera/Muslo \n Rodilla \n Tobillo/Pie Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n H A N D O U T # 6 : B O D Y M A P P I N G \n \nJob : ______________________________ \nPrincipal responsibilities: ___________________________________________________ _____ \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __ \n \n1. Indicate the parto r area of your body that both ers you and the level of pain or discomfort \nthat you experience: \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n2. Check the words that best describe the problem. \n \n Sore Burning Cra mps Numbness Pain Swelling \n \n Stiffness Itchy Weakness Discoloration O ther \n \n3. How long does each episode last? \n ________/ ________/ _________/ _________/ _______ __/ __________/ \n (1 hour) (1 day) (2-3 day) (1 we ek) (1 month) (6 months) \n \n4. What do you think caused the problem? __________________________________________ \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________________________________ \n \n5. What do you think improves your symptoms? _____________________________________ \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________________________________ Level of pain or discomfort \nPart of the body Just \nnoticeable Moderate Intolerable \n Neck \n Sholder \n Upper back \n Upper arm \n Wrist/hand \n Fingers \n Lower back \n Thigh \n Knee \n Ankle/foot Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n This material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessar ily \nreflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commer cial products, or organizations imply endorsement b y the \nU.S. Government. \n H A N D O U T # 7 : S O L U C I Ó N E S / S O L U T I O N S \n \nRIESGO / HAZARD SOLUCIÓN / SOLUTION \nEjemplo / Example: Cuchilla afilada / Meat slicer, sharp blade Protectores en la cuchilla. Guards on blade. \n 1) \n 2) \n 3) \n 4) \n 5) \n 6) \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n This material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessar ily \nreflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commer cial products, or organizations imply endorsement b y the \nU.S. Government. \n 7) \n 8) \n 9) \n 10) \n 11) \n 12) \n13) Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n H A N D O U T # 8 : WO R K E R S ’ RI G H T S U N D E R O S H A \n \nWorkers, regardless of immigration status, have the following rights under OSHA: \n \n1) A healthy and safe workplace , free from known hazards that can cause death or serious \nphysical harm. \na. If an unsafe condition exists, your employer must t ry to control the hazard, for \nexample by substituting less hazardous materials or work practices. \nb. If the hazard cannot be completely controlled, your employer must provide you \npersonal protective equipment (PPE) to protect you from the hazard. \n \n2) Information about: \na. Dangerous chemicals used in your job. \nb. Information on injuries or illnesses that happen at your worksite. \ni. If there are more than 10 workers on the job, the e mployer must keep an \nOSHA 300 log of all injuries and illnesses. \nc. Your rights as a worker. \n \n3) Training about how to perform your job safely, according to the OSHA rules that apply. \n \n4) Reporting unsafe working conditions . You can: \na. Ask your employer to correct unsafe working conditi ons. For imminent dangers, \nworkers should call OSHA immediately (1-800-321-OSH A). \nb. File a complaint with OSHA anonymously about the co ndition. \nc. Participate in OSHA investigations and get informat ion about the resolution. \n \n5) Protection against retaliation : \na. Your employer can’t retaliate against you for repor ting an unsafe condition or \nparticipating in an OSHA investigation. Report ins tances of retaliation to OSHA \nimmediately, but no later than 30 days after it hap pens! \nb. Examples of what may count as retaliation include: firing or laying off, \nblacklisting, demoting, denying overtime or promoti ons, discipline, intimidation, \nthreats, reduction of hours or pay, etc. \n \n \nCONTACT OSHA by calling: (1-800-321-OSHA) or visiti ng the website at www.osha.gov. \n \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n HA N D O U T # 8 : DE R E C H O S D E L O S T R A B A J A D O R E S B A J O O S H A \n \nLos trabajadores, independientemente de su estatus migratorio, tienen los siguientes derechos \nbajo OSHA: \n \n1. Un lugar de trabajo saludable , libre de riesgos reconocidos que puedan causar la \nmuerte o daños físicos graves. \na. Si existe una condición no segura, tu patrono tiene que intentar controlar el \nriesgo, por ejemplo sustituyendo los materiales pel igrosos por materiales menos \npeligrosos o modificando las prácticas de trabajo. \nb. Si el riesgo no se puede controlar completamente, t u patrono debe proveerte \nequipo de protección personal (EPP) para protegerte del riesgo. \n \n2. Información acerca de: \na. Sustancias químicas peligrosas utilizadas en tu lug ar de trabajo. \nb. Información de lesiones o enfermedades que han suce dido en tu trabajo. \ni. Si hay más de 10 trabajadores, el patrono debe tene r un registro OSHA \n300 de todas las lesiones y enfermedades. \nc. Tus derechos como trabajador. \n \n3. Entrenamiento acerca de cómo desempañarte en tu trabajo segurame nte, de acuerdo a \nlas normas de OSHA que apliquen. \n \n4. Reportar condiciones de trabajo no seguras . Puedes: \na. Pedirle al patrono que corrija condiciones de traba jo no seguras. Para peligros \ninminentes, los trabajadores deben contactar a OSHA inmediatamente (1-800-\n321-OSHA). \nb. Presentar una queja a OSHA anónimamente acerca de l a condición. \nc. Participar en investigaciones de OSHA y obtener inf ormación acerca del \nresultado. \n \n5. Protección en contra de represalias: \na. Tu patrono no puede tomar represalias en tu contra por reportar una condición \nno segura o participar en una investigación de OSHA . Reporta casos de \nrepresalias a OSHA inmediatamente, ¡pero no más tar de de 30 días después de \nque suceda! \nb. Ejemplos de lo que puede considerarse como represal ias incluyen: despidos, \ndescensos en el puesto de trabajo, negar horas extr a o ascensos, disciplina, \nintimidación, amenazas, reducción en horas de traba jo o paga, etc. \n \nContacte a OSHA llamando al: (1-800-321-OSHA), o vi sitando su página web: www.osha.gov. Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n H A N D O U T # 9 : PL A N O F AC T I O N \n \n \nName: ___________________________________________________ ____________________ \n \nDate: ___________________________________________________ ___________________ __ \n \n \nI have the following three goals for teaching worke rs about their health & safety rights: \n \n1) ___________________________________________________ _____________________ \n \n \n2) ___________________________________________________ _____________________ \n \n \n3) ___________________________________________________ _____________________ \n \nMy target audience for sharing this information is: \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \nMy specific, concrete plan for outreach/training is to (provide an estimate of how many \nworkers you plan on training, where, etc.): \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \nIf I have questions or need more information, I wil l turn to this person/organization for help: \n \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________________ \n \n \nSigned: ___________________________________________ ____________________________ \n \n \n \n \n \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n HA N D O U T # 9 : PL A N D E A C C I Ó N \n \nNombre :__________________________________________________ _____ \n \nFecha :__________________________ \n \nTengo las siguientes tres metas para enseñarle a lo s trabajadores acerca de sus derechos en \nsalud y seguridad: \n \n \n1) ___________________________________________________ ___________ \n \n \n2) ___________________________________________________ ____________ \n \n \n3) ___________________________________________________ ____________ \n \n \nEl tipo de audencía con el que quiero compartir est a información es: \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \nMi plan específico y concreto para entrenar es: (pr ovea un estimado de cuántos trabajadores \nplanifica entrenar, dónde, etc.): \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \nSi tengo preguntas o necesito más información, acud iré a esta persona/organización a buscar \nayuda: \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \n \nFirma: \n \n __________________________________________________ ___________________ \n \n \n \n \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n TR A I N I N G SI G N - IN SH E E T \n \nDate: _______________ Location: __________________________________________ \n \nTrainer(s): ________________________________ Training Topic _____________________ \n \nStart Time: _________________________ End Time: ___________________________ \n \nParticipant Name Phone Number \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ ___________________________ \nI hereby certify that the above information is accu rate and true. \n \n___________________________________________________ __ \nTrainer/Facilitator’s Name and Signature Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n \nHO J A D E R E G I S T R O D E L E N T R E N A M I E N T O \n \nFecha :___________________ Lugar :_______________________________________________ \n \nEntrenador (es): _________________________ Asunto de Taller _________________________ \n \nEmpieza a las : ______________________ Termina a las: _____________________________ \n \nNombre Número de teléfono \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ _________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ _________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \n \n \n___________________________________________________ __________________ \nCertifico que la información es exacta y verdadera. \n \n___________________________________________________ __ \nNombre del Entrenador / Firma Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n PO S T - TE S T F O R PA R T I C I P A N T S \n \nTopic: _______________________________________ Date : _________________________ \n \nInstructor’s Name: ________________________________ _______ \n \n1. What is the name of the government agency that prot ects workers’ health and safety \nrights? \n \n___________________________________________________ ________________________ \n \n2. Give three examples of workers who are covered by t he federal safety and health law at \ntheir jobs? \n \n___________________________________________________ ________________________ \n \n3. Does the federal OSHA law apply to workers who are undocumented? \nYes No \n \n4. Give three examples of legal rights of workers unde r the federal safety and health law: \n \na. ___________________________________________________ _______________ \n \nb. ___________________________________________________ _______________ \n \nc. ___________________________________________________ _______________ \n \n5. A worker has a legal right to refuse to do work in which case (choose one): \n \na. Any time there is an unsafe condition; \nb. Once the worker has already been injured; \nc. Never; \nd. When the worker reasonably believes there is an imm inent threat of serious \ninjury. \n \n6. Give an example of a workplace hazard and how a wor ker or the employer can address the \nproblem. \n \n___________________________________________________ ________________________ \n \n___________________________________________________ ________________________ \n \n___________________________________________________ ________________________ \n Make the Road New York /square4 Immigrant Workers’ Health & Safety /square4 Participant Materials \n \n \nThis material was produced under grant SH20830SH0 f rom the Occupational Safety and Health Administrati on, \nU.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Departmen t of Labor, nor \ndoes mention of trade names, commercial products, o r organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Gover nment. \n PR U E B A P A R A P A R T I C I P A N T E S \n \n \nTema: ______________________________ Fecha: _______ __________________ \n \nNombre del instructor: ____________________________ ___________ \n \n1. ¿Cuál es el nombre de la agencia de gobierno que pr otege los derechos de salud y seguridad \nde los trabajadores? \n \n___________________________________________________ _______________ \n \n2. Dé tres ejemplos de trabajadores que están cubierto s por la ley federal de salud y seguridad \nen sus trabajos. \n \n___________________________________________________ _______________ \n \n3. ¿La ley federal de OSHA aplica a trabajadores que n o tienen documentos? \nSi No \n \n4. Dé tres ejemplos de derechos legales de los trabaja dores bajo la ley federal de salud y \nseguridad ocupacional: \n \na. ___________________________________________________ ______ \n \nb. ___________________________________________________ ______ \n \nc. ___________________________________________________ ______ \n \n5. Un trabajador tiene el derecho legal de negarse a h acer un trabajo en qué caso (elija uno): \na. En cualquier momento que haya una condición no segu ra; \nb. Cuando el trabajador se haya lastimado; \nc. Nunca; \nd. Cuando el trabajador razonablemente cree que hay un a amenaza inminente de \nlesión grave. \n \n6. Dé un ejemplo de un riesgo en el lugar de trabajo y cómo un trabajador o patrono puede \nresolver el problema. \n \n___________________________________________________ ________________________ \n \n___________________________________________________ ________________________ \n \n___________________________________________________ ________________________ "
} |
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"pdf_file": "ES5LDB5OV2PKIMVD3Z72CVQK4RSDBYJI.pdf",
"text": "93Bureau of Export Administration, Commerce §700.52\nCommerce. A sample Form BXA –999 is\nattached at Appendix I.\n[49 FR 30414, July 30, 1984; 49 FR 50171, Dec.\n27, 1984. Redesignated at 54 FR 601, Jan. 9,1989, as amended at 63 FR 31924, June 11, 1998]\n§700.51 Requests for priority rating\nauthority.\n(a) If a rated order is likely to be de-\nlayed because a person is unable to ob-tain items not normally rated underthis regulation, the person may requestthe authority to use a priority ratingin ordering the needed items. Examplesof items for which priority ratings canbe authorized include:\n(1) Production or construction equip-\nment;\n(2) Computers when not used as pro-\nduction items; and\n(3) Expansion, rebuilding or replacing\nplant facilities.\n(b) Rating authority for production or\nconstruction equipment. (1) A request for\npriority rating authority for produc-tion or construction equipment mustbe submitted to the appropriate Dele-gate Agency. The Delegate Agencymay establish particular forms to beused for these requests ( e.g., Depart-\nment of Defense Form DD 691.)\n(2) When the use of a priority rating\nis authorized for the procurement ofproduction or construction equipment,a rated order may be used either topurchase or to lease such equipment.However, in the latter case, the equip-ment may be leased only from a personengaged in the business of leasing suchequipment or from a person willing tolease rather than sell.\n(c) Rating authority in advance of a\nrated prime contract. (1) In certain cases\nand upon specific request, Commerce,in order to promote the national de-fense, may authorize a person to placea priority rating on an order to a sup-plier in advance of the issuance of arated prime contract. In these in-stances, the person requesting advancerating authority must obtain sponsor-ship of the request from the appro-priate Delegate Agency. The personshall also assume any business risk as-sociated with the placing of rated or-ders if these orders have to be can-celled in the event the rated prime con-tract is not issued.(2) The person must state the fol-\nlowing in the request:\nIt is understood that the authorization of a\npriority rating in advance of our receiving arated prime contract from a Delegate Agen-cy and our use of that priority rating withour suppliers in no way commits the Dele-gate Agency, the Department of Commerceor any other government agency to enterinto a contract or order or to expend funds.Further, we understand that the FederalGovernment shall not be liable for any can-cellation charges, termination costs, orother damages that may accrue if a ratedprime contract is not eventually placed and,as a result, we must subsequently cancel or-ders placed with the use of the priority rat-ing authorized as a result of this request.\n(3) In reviewing requests for rating\nauthority in advance of a rated primecontract, Commerce will consider,among other things, the following cri-teria:\n(i) The probability that the prime\ncontract will be awarded;\n(ii) The impact of the resulting rated\norders on suppliers and on other au-thorized programs;\n(iii) Whether the contractor is the\nsole source;\n(iv) Whether the item being produced\nhas a long lead time;\n(v) The political sensitivity of the\nproject; and\n(vi) The time period for which the\nrating is being requested.\n(4) Commerce may require periodic\nreports on the use of the rating author-ity granted under paragraph (c) of thissection.\n(5) If a rated prime contract is not\nissued, the person shall promptly no-tify all suppliers who have receivedrated orders pursuant to the advancedrating authority that the priority rat-ing on those orders is cancelled.\n§700.52 Examples of assistance.\n(a) While special priorities assistance\nmay be provided for any reason in sup-port of this regulation, it is usuallyprovided in situations where:\n(1) A person is experiencing difficulty\nin obtaining delivery against a ratedorder by the required delivery date; or\n(2) A person cannot locate a supplier\nfor an item needed to fill a rated order.\n(b) Other examples of special prior-\nities assistance include:\nVerDate 11<MAY>2000 09:49 Jan 31, 2002 Jkt 197046 PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\197046T.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 197046T 9415 CFR Ch. VII (1 –1–02 Edition) §700.53\n(1) Ensuring that rated orders receive\npreferential treatment by suppliers;\n(2) Resolving production or delivery\nconflicts between various rated orders;\n(3) Assisting in placing rated orders\nwith suppliers;\n(4) Verifying the urgency of rated or-\nders; and\n(5) Determining the validity of rated\norders.\n§700.53 Criteria for assistance.\nRequests for special priorities assist-\nance should be timely, i.e., the request\nhas been submitted promptly andenough time exists for the DelegateAgency or Commerce to effect a mean-ingful resolution to the problem, andmust establish that:\n(a) There is an urgent need for the\nitem; and\n(b) The applicant has made a reason-\nable effort to resolve the problem.\n§700.54 Instances where assistance\nwill not be provided.\nSpecial priorities assistance is pro-\nvided at the discretion of the DelegateAgencies and Commerce when it is de-termined that such assistance is war-ranted to meet the objectives of thisregulation. Examples where assistancemay not be provided include situationswhen a person is attempting to:\n(a) Secure a price advantage;(b) Obtain delivery prior to the time\nrequired to fill a rated order;\n(c) Gain competitive advantage;(d) Disrupt an industry apportion-\nment program in a manner designed toprovide a person with an unwarrantedshare of scarce items; or\n(e) Overcome a supplier ’s regularly\nestablished terms of sale or conditionsof doing business.\n[49 FR 30414, July 30, 1984. Redesignated at 54\nFR 601, Jan. 9, 1989, as amended at 63 FR31924, June 11, 1998]\n§700.55 Assistance programs with\nCanada and other nations.\n(a) To promote military assistance to\nforeign nations, this section providesfor authorizing priority ratings to per-sons in Canada and in other foreign na-tions to obtain items in the UnitedStates in support of approved pro-grams. Although priority ratings haveno legal authority outside of theUnited States, this section also pro-\nvides information on how persons inthe United States may obtain informalassistance in Canada.\n(b) Canada. (1) The joint U.S.-Cana-\ndian military arrangements for the de-fense of North America and the inte-grated nature of their defense indus-tries as set forth in the U.S.-Canadian\nStatement of Principles for Economic Co-operation (October 26, 1950) require\nclose coordination and the establish-ment of a means to provide mutual as-sistance to the defense industries lo-cated in both countries.\n(2) The Department of Commerce co-\nordinates with the Canadian PublicWorks and Government Services Can-ada on all matters of mutual concernrelating to the administration of thisregulation. A copy of the Memorandumof Understanding between the two de-partments is provided at appendix IV.\n(3) Any person in the United States\nordering defense items in Canadashould inform the Canadian supplierthat the items being ordered are to beused to fill a rated order. The Canadiansupplier should be informed that if pro-duction materials are needed from theUnited States by the supplier or thesupplier ’s vendor to fill the order, they\nshould contact the Canadian PublicWorks and Government Services Can-ada for authority to place rated ordersin the United States.\n(4) Any person in Canada producing\ndefense items for the Canadian govern-ment may also obtain priority ratingauthority for items to be purchased inthe United States by applying to theCanadian Public Works and Govern-ment Services Canada in accordancewith procedures specified by that De-partment.\n(5) Persons in Canada needing special\npriorities assistance in obtaining de-fense items in the United States mayapply for such assistance to the Cana-dian Public Works and GovernmentServices Canada. Public Works andGovernment Services Canada will for-ward appropriate requests to Com-merce.\n(6) Any person in the United States\nrequiring assistance in obtaining itemsin Canada must submit a requestthrough the Delegate Agency to Com-merce on Form BXA –999. Commerce\nVerDate 11<MAY>2000 09:49 Jan 31, 2002 Jkt 197046 PO 00000 Frm 00094 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\197046T.XXX pfrm07 PsN: 197046T"
} |
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"pdf_file": "XMC64RTH7WDHVXUWWYA6NIIMFKMUGH2M.pdf",
"text": "2.6 Billion People: The World Toilet Organization at MercyCorps\nMonday, 04 June 2012 18:54\nToday at Mercy Corps, the Action Center hosted a free lecture by Jack Sim, founder of the\nWorld Toilet Organization. For over ten years, Sim has been drawing attention and funding to\nthe collaborative work by NGOs, faith groups, governments and academics toward solving a\npressing problem: the 2.6 billion people on earth who do not have access to safe sanitation and\na clean toilet every day.\n \nCongressman Blumenauer opened the public lecture with an update on his pending legislation, \nHR 3568 The Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act\n. “Every 20 seconds, a child dies from an illness connected to dirty water, and today alone 200\nmillion hours will be spent, mostly by women and girls, collecting water,” Congressman\nBlumenauer said. “But we know how to solve this problem, and it’s an area of rare, bipartisan\nsupport. Passing this bill will impact the poorest of the poor throughout the world on all the\nthings we’re here to talk about – health, school attendance, food security, nutrition,\nenvironmental quality and economic development.”\n \n \nJack Sim, Rep Blumenauer, and Dr. Charles B. Maclean, Senior Health Care Fellow at the\n 1 / 3 2.6 Billion People: The World Toilet Organization at MercyCorps\nMonday, 04 June 2012 18:54\nGladys Taylor McGarey Medical Foundation\n \n \n 2 / 3 2.6 Billion People: The World Toilet Organization at MercyCorps\nMonday, 04 June 2012 18:54\n \n 3 / 3"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "P4FT3X7LU5QLFKV5FV4G6OTMOTKXTVO3.pdf",
"text": "State of Illinois Telephone Directory\nHuman Services, Department of [15] Business Listing\nUpdated: 02/07/2010 − 12:01:50 AM This information is provided and updated by the Telecommunications Coordinator for this agency.\nHOT LINES\nDHS HELPLINE 800−843−6154\nTTY 800−447−6404\nAPPEALS LINE 800−435−0774\nBUREAU OF COLLECTIONS 800−647−8704\nBUREAU OF PAYROLL\nSERVICES866−457−0631\nCHANGE REPORT LINE 800−720−4166\nCHILD CARE BILLING 800−787−9316\nTTY 800−787−9318\nCLIENT ASST FOR PRGM\nDISABILITIES (VOICE−TTY)800−641−3929\nFAMILY COMMUNITY\nRESOURCE CTRS\n(FORMERLY PUBLIC AID)800−843−6154\nTTY 800−447−6404\nFRAUD HOTLINE 800−252−8093\nHELP ME GROW (VOICE\n TTY)800−323−4769\nINSPECTOR GENERAL\nHOTLINE800−368−1463\nPAYROLL 866−457−0631\nPHONE STAMPS (LINK) 866−217−6070\nTTY 866−217−6080\nPROVIDER INFORMATION\nLINE800−804−3833\nTTY 877−434−1082\nSHAKEN BABY HOTLINE 800−323−4769\nWOMEN INFANT CARE\nHOTLINE800−323−4769\nWIC EI AUTOMATED\nOFFICE LOCATOR800−323−4769\nTTY 866−285−6817\nCHICAGO\nSECRETARY SADDLER, MICHELLE401 S CLINTON , FL 007 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−1547\nTTY 312−793−2354\nCHIEF OF STAFF401 S CLINTON , FL 007 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−1547\nASSISTANT\nSECRETARY−ADMINISTRATIONBUTLER, JEROME401 S CLINTON , FL 007 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−1747\nASSISTANT\nSECRETARY−PROGRAMSHOU, GRACE401 S CLINTON , FL 007 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−2347\nCHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER STANEK, ROBERT401 S CLINTON , FL 007 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−4040\nCHIEF OPERATING OFFICER 401 S CLINTON , FL 007 . 312−793−1547\n1 CHICAGO 60607\nACCESSIBILITY AND\nCUSTOMER SUPPORTYOUNGER−WHITE,\nMARTHA401 S CLINTON , FL 004 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−1565\nALCOHOLISM\n SUBSTANCE ABUSEBINION−TAYLOR,\nTHEODORAJAMES R THOMPSON CENTER,\n100 W RANDOLPH, , FL 005 STE\n600\nCHICAGO 60601312−814−2300\nCITIZENSHIP CLASSES401 S CLINTON , FL 002 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−7120\nCIVIL AFFAIRS LAPORTE, MARGARET401 S CLINTON , FL 004 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−3084\nCOMMUNITY HEALTH\n PREVENTIONSAMBOLIN−JONES,\nIVONNE1112 S WABASH AVE , FL 003 .\nCHICAGO 60605312−793−4627\nCOMMUNITY RELATIONSHUERTAS FABRIZIO,\nAURELIO401 S CLINTON , FL 007 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−2342\nGENERAL COUNSELSULLIVAN, MARY−LISA\n(ACTING GENERAL\nCOUNSEL)JAMES R THOMPSON CENTER,\n100 W RANDOLPH, , FL 006 STE\n400\nCHICAGO 60601312−814−2747\nGRANT ADMINISTRATION ZAHORODNYJ, SHARON401 S CLINTON , FL 007 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−1329\nHISPANIC/LATINO\nRELATIONSCORONA, AGUEDA401 S CLINTON , FL 002 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−4306\nHUMAN CAPITAL\nDEVELOPMENTARNOLD, MARVA401 S CLINTON , FL 003 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−4131\nHUMAN RESOURCESSARMIENTO, ELIZABETH\n(DIRECTOR)401 S CLINTON , FL 003 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−2352\nRECRUITMENT\n SELECTIONOJEDA, DANIEL401 S CLINTON , FL 003 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−3974\nINSPECTOR GENERAL DAVIS, WILLIAMJAMES R THOMPSON CENTER,\n100 W RANDOLPH, , FL 004 STE\n700\nCHICAGO 60601312−814−4906\nLEGAL COUNSEL SULLIVAN, MARY−LISAJAMES R THOMPSON CENTER,\n100 W RANDOLPH, , FL 006 STE\n400\nCHICAGO 60601312−814−4690\nMANAGEMENT INFO SVCS KASAMIS, DOUG401 S CLINTON , FL 002 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−0483\nMENTAL HEALTH JONES, LORI RICKMAN160 N LASALLE , FL 010 .\nCHICAGO 60601312−814−3784\nPROCUREMENT THOMPSON, CURTISJAMES R THOMPSON CENTER,\n100 W RANDOLPH, , FL 005 STE\n600\nCHICAGO 60601312−814−5806\nREHABILITATION SERVICES KILBURY, ROBJAMES R THOMPSON CENTER,\n100 W RANDOLPH, , FL 008 STE\n100\nCHICAGO 60601312−814−2922\nTTY 888−440−8995\nSTRATEGIC PLANNING TAMELING, HERO401 S CLINTON , FL 007 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−793−3970\nTRAINING AND\nDEVELOPMENTJONES, JEFFREY401 S CLINTON , FL 003 .\nCHICAGO 60607312−814−7006\n2 SPRINGFIELD\nADMINISTRATIVE STAFF\nSECRETARY SADDLER, MICHELLE100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1601\nTTY 217−785−6041\nSPECIAL ASSISTANT TO\nTHE SECRETARY100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1601\nCHIEF OF STAFF100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−558−7154\nASSISTANT\nSECRETARY−ADMINISTRATION100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1615\nASSISTANT\nSECRETARY−PROGRAMHOU, GRACE100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−558−4996\nCHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER STANEK, ROBERT100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1543\nCHIEF OPERATING OFFICER100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1613\nOFFICES\nACCESSIBILITY AND\nCUSTOMER SUPPORTYOUNGER−WHITE,\nMARTHA (DIRECTOR)100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 002 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1606\nTTY 888−614−2385\nALCOHOLISM\n SUBSTANCEBINION−TAYLOR,\nTHEODORA (DIRECTOR)100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 002 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−524−4138\nBUDGET BROCK, ROBERT100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 001 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−782−7522\nBUSINESS SERVICES BRIAN, RONALD J5020B INDUSTRIAL DR , \nSPRINGFIELD 62703217−786−2168\nCHILD CARE AND\nDEVELOPMENT/DAY CARESATERFIELD, LINDA400 W LAWRENCE , FL 003\nWEST\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−785−2559\nCHILD CARE POLICY\n DEVELOPMENT400 W LAWRENCE , FL 003\nWEST\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−785−2559\nCIVIL AFFAIRS LAPORTE, MARGARET100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−524−7068\nCLINICAL\nADMINISTRATIVE\n SUPPORT PROG (OCAPS)HOBBS, JAMES JIM401 N FOURTH , RM 205\nSPRINGFIELD 62702217−557−9275\nCOMMUNITY HEALTH\n PREVENTIONSAMBOLIN−JONES,\nIVONNE (DIRECTOR)535 W JEFFERSON , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62702217−524−5798\nCOMMUNITY RELATIONSHUERTAS FABRIZIO,\nAURELIO100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1564\nCOMMUNITY SUPPORT\nSERVICES535 W JEFFERSON , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62702217−557−7100\nCONTRACT\nADMINISTRATIONHARDWICK−ADAMS,\nSALLY222 S COLLEGE , FL 002 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−785−9260\nDEVELOPMENTAL\nDISABILITIESTENINTY, LILIA\n(DIRECTOR)319 E MADISON , FL 004 STE 4N\nSPRINGFIELD 62701217−524−7065\nEARLY INTERVENTION GULLY, JANET222 S COLLEGE , FL 002 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−782−1981\nEMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE SMITH, JOHN222 S COLLEGE , FL 001\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−524−7672\n3 EMPLOYEE SERVICES WAGNER, REBECCA100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−785−1544\nFAMILY SUPPORT\nSERVICESKENNER−JOHNSON,\nGWENDOLYN400 W LAWRENCE , FL 003\nWEST\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−785−2559\nFISCAL SERVICES ORIAIKHI, SOLOMON100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 001 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−782−7554\nGENERAL COUNSEL SULLIVAN, MARY−LISA100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−785−9761\nHUMAN CAPITOL\nDEVELOPMENTARNOLD, MARTHA\n(DIRECTOR)100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 002 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−785−3300\nHUMAN RESOURCESSARMIENTO, ELIZABETH\n(DIRECTOR)100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−785−7611\nINSPECTOR GENERAL DAVIS, WILLIAM901 SOUTHWIND RD , FL 001 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62703217−786−6829\nLABOR RELATIONS KUNZ, JEFFREY100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−782−0064\nMANAGEMENT INFO SVCS KASAMIS, DOUG100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 001 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1566\nLEGISLATIONWELLS, RANDY\n(DIRECTOR)100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1551\nMENTAL HEALTHRICKMAN−JONES, LORRI\n(DIRECTOR)100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 002 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−782−7555\nPAYROLL BORTOLON, JOAN822 S COLLEGE , FL 001 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−557−7820\nPERSONNEL OFFICE WAGNER, REBECCA100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−785−1544\nPOLICY FARMER, MARYBETH100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−1546\nREHABILITATION SERVICESKILBURY, ROB\n(DIRECTOR)100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−7084\nREHAB DIRECTOR TTY 888−440−8994\nBUREAU OF BLIND\nSERVICESODEM−DAVIS, BETTYEHAY EDWARDS, 400 W\nLAWRENCE EAST , \nSPRINGFIELD 62702217−785−3887\nBUREAU OF FIELD\nSERVICESSTANDERFER, JEFF400 W LAWRENCE , FL 003\nEAST\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−782−2004\nFIELD SERVICES TTY 888−440−8982\nCLIENT ASSISTANCE\nPROGRAMMEADOWS, CATHYALZINA BLDG, 100 N FIRST , \nSPRINGFIELD 62794217−782−5374\nCONSUMER SUPPORT400 W LAWRENCE , FL 003\nEAST\nSPRINGFIELD 62704217−524−0706\nDISABILITY\nDETERMINATION−TOLL−FREE800−225−3607\nDISABILITY DETERM SVCSALZINA BLDG, 100 N FIRST , \nSPRINGFIELD 62794217−782−8226\nDISABILITY\nDETERMINATION TTY888−460−5111\nHOME SERVICES\nPROGRAMHAY EDWARDS, 400 W\nLAWRENCE EAST , \nSPRINGFIELD 62702217−782−2722\nSECURITY EMERGENCY TAMELING, HERO 100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−557−9386\n4 PREPAREDNESS\nSTRATEGIC PLANNING100 S GRAND AVE E , FL 003 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62762217−785−9681\nREGIONAL\nREHABILITATION SERVICES\nALTON VOICE606 W ST LOUIS AVE , E ALTON\nEAST ALTON 62024618−466−8409\nTTY 888−440−9008\nANNA VOICE1000 N MAIN , FL 001 .\nANNA 62906618−833−5115\nTTY 888−460−5140\nAURORA VOICE888 S EDGELAWN DR , STE 1771\nAURORA 60506 − 5207630−892−7417\nTTY 888−261−2821\nBELLEVILLE VOICE601 S HIGH ST , \nBELLEVILLE 62220 − 62201618−235−5300\nTTY 888−460−5133\nBENTON VOICE1619 N. MAIN , \nBENTON 62812 − 9502618−439−4334\nTTY 888−261−2838\nBLOOMINGTON VOICE207 S PROSPECT , FL 001 .\nBLOOMINGTON 61704309−662−1347\nTTY 888−261−8539\nCARBONDALE VOICE309 E JACKSON , \nCARBONDALE 62902 − 3419618−457−2107\nTTY 888−460−5124\nCHAMPAIGN VOICE1307 N MATTIS AVE , \nCHAMPAIGN 61821217−278−3500\nTTY 888−472−0940\nCHICAGO IIT RESEARCH\nINSTITUTE VOICE10 W 35TH , FL 004 .\nCHICAGO 60616312−328−2900\nTTY 888−261−7928\nCHICAGO VOICE8840 S STONY ISLAND AVE , \nCHICAGO 60617 − 2812773−768−6700\nTTY 888−261−8562\nCHICAGO VOICE1279 N MILWAUKEE AVE , FL 3\nCHICAGO 60622 − 2296773−292−4400\nTTY 888−261−2824\nCHICAGO VOICE743 N PULASKI RD , \nCHICAGO 60624773−638−3070\nTTY 888−340−0897\nCHICAGO TTY VOICE8600 S PULASKI RD , \nCHICAGO 60652 − 3633773−838−5660\nCHICAGO VOICE3490 W GRAND AVE , \nCHICAGO 60651773−292−7955\nTTY 773−292−7970\nCHICAGO VOICE6200 N HIAWATHA , STE 300\nCHICAGO 60646312−794−4800\nTTY 888−440−8997\nCHICAGO VOICE1151 S WOOD , \nCHICAGO 60652 − 4327312−633−3570\n888−261−7913\n5 TTY\nCHICAGO FORD CITY EAST\nVOICE7600 S PULASKI RD , \nCHICAGO 60652 − 1286773−838−5745\nTTY 888−261−8570\nCHICAGO HEIGHTS VOICE1010 DIXIE HWY , FL 004\nCHICAGO HEIGHTS 60411708−709−3333\nTTY 888−472−0943\nDANVILLE VOICE407 N FRANKLIN , STE A\nDANVILLE 61832217−446−8641\nTTY 888−472−0936\nDECATUR VOICE1065 W PERSHING RD , FL 001 .\nDECATUR 62526217−875−4866\nTTY 888−472−0934\nDEKALB VOICE1330 OAKWOOD DR , \nDEKALB 60115815−758−2471\nTTY 888−261−2865\nDOWNERS GROVE VOICE2901 FINLEY RD , FL 001 STE\n109\nDOWNERS GROVE 60515630−495−0500\nTTY 888−261−8512\nE ST LOUIS VOICE225 N NINTH , \nE ST LOUIS 62201 − 1798618−583−2200\nTTY 888−460−5117\nELGIN VOICE452 N MCLEAN BLVD , FL 2\nELGIN 60123847−931−2360\nTTY 888−472−0933\nEVERGREEN PARK VOICE9730 S WESTERN AVE\nEVERGREEN PK, STE 612\nCHICAGO 60805708−857−2350\nTTY 888−261−2835\nFREEPORT VOICE773 W LINCOLN , \nFREEPORT 61032 − 4978815−233−5904\nTTY 888−460−5122\nGALESBURG VOICE256 SOANGETAHA , STE 107\nGALESBURG 61401309−343−2193\nTTY 888−460−5116\nHARRISBURG VOICEBOX 348, 325 S MAPLE , \nHARRISBURG 62946 − 0348618−253−7681\nTTY 888−460−5123\nJACKSONVILLE VOICE1429 S MAIN , STE C\nJACKSONVILLE 62650 − 3476217−245−9585\nTTY 888−261−8516\nJOLIET VOICE1617 W JEFFERSON , \nJOLIET 60435815−730−4200\nTTY 888−472−0932\nKANKAKEE VOICE1780 W MERCHANT , \nKANKAKEE 60901815−939−4422\nTTY 888−440−9010\nLASALLE VOICE905 SECOND , FL 001 .\nLASALLE 61301815−224−1314\nTTY 888−472−0960\n6 LASALLE TRAINING CENTER\nVOICE308 N 30TH RD , STE A\nLASALLE 61301815−223−7758\nTTY RELAY CENTER 800−526−0844\nMACOMB VOICE1200−1 W JACKSON , \nMACOMB 61455 − 1175309−833−4573\nTTY 888−261−2867\nMATTOON VOICE129 N 15TH , \nMATTOON 61938217−235−3154\nTTY 888−261−2869\nMT VERNON VOICE333 POTOMAC BLVD , FL 001\nSTE−F\nMT VERNON 62864618−244−0331\nTTY 888−340−1009\nNORMAL−ISU CAMPUS−TTY\n VOICE604 DALE , STE A−2\nNORMAL 61761 − 2978309−454−1448\nOAK PARK VOICE1100 W LAKE , FL 001 STE 145\nOAK PARK 60301 − 1065708−848−7100\nTTY 888−472−0963\nOLNEY VOICE1112 S WEST , BOX 39\nOLNEY 62450618−395−2147\nTTY 888−472−0926\nPEKIN VOICE2970 COURT , SUNSET PLAZA\nPEKIN 61554 − 6229309−353−5996\nTTY 888−340−1008\nPEORIA VOICE2301 NE ADAMS , FL 002\nPEORIA 61603309−686−6000\nTTY 888−261−7918\nQUINCY VOICE2435 BROADWAY , \nQUINCY 62301217−224−2600\nTTY 888−460−5161\nROCKFORD NORTH VOICE615 LONGWOOD , \nROCKFORD 61107815−964−0333\nTTY 815−964−0359\nROCKFORD SOUTH VOICE420 FINANCIAL CT , \nROCKFORD 61107815−964−0360\nTTY 888−340−1006\nROCK ISLAND VOICE4711 44TH , STE 3\nROCK ISLAND 61201309−786−6468\nTTY 888−261−7919\nROLLING MEADOWS VOICE5340 KEYSTONE CT , \nROLLING MEADOWS 60008847−253−6200\nTTY 847−253−1362\nSPRINGFIELD VOICE1124 N WALNUT , .\nSPRINGFIELD 62702217−782−4830\nTTY 888−440−8990\nSTERLING VOICE2607 WOODLAWN RD , STE 1\nSTERLING 61081 − 4151815−625−8885\nTTY 888−340−1004\nWAUKEGAN VOICE2740 W GRAND AVE , \nWAUKEGAN 60085 − 2441847−244−8474\nTTY 888−460−5146\n7 IL CTR FOR REHAB EDUC\n(ICRE−R) VOICE1950 W ROOSEVELT RD , \nCHICAGO 60608 − 1230312−433−3100\nTTY 888−261−8561\nIL SCHOOL FOR DEAF (ISD)\nTTY VOICE125 WEBSTER AVE , .\nJACKSONVILLE 62650217−479−4200\nIL SCHOOL FOR VISUALLY\nIMPAIRED TTY VOICE658 E STATE , \nJACKSONVILLE 62650 − 2183217−479−4400\nMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES\nALTON MH DEV CTR4500 COLLEGE AVE , \nALTON 62002 − 5051618−474−3200\nFACSIMILE 618−474−3251\nTTY 618−465−2500\nCHESTER MENTAL HEALTH\nCTR1315 LEHMAN DRIVE PO BOX\n31, \nCHESTER 62233618−826−4571\nFACSIMILE 618−826−3229\nTTY 618−826−4192\nCHICAGO−READ MENTAL\nHEALTH CTR4200 N OAK PARK AVE , \nCHICAGO 60634 − 1417773−794−4000\nFACSIMILE 773−794−4046\nTTY 773−794−5563\nCLYDE L CHOATE MH\n DEV CTR1000 N MAIN , FL 001 .\nANNA 62906618−833−5161\nFACSIMILE−BUSINESS\nOFFICE618−833−7641\nFACSIMILE−FACILITY\nDIRECTOR618−833−4191\nVOICE−TTY 618−833−4052\nELGIN MENTAL HEALTH CTR750 S STATE , \nELGIN 60123 − 7612847−742−1040\nFACSIMILE 847−429−4911\nTTY 847−429−5741\nWM W FOX\nDEVELOPMENTAL CTR134 W MAIN , \nDWIGHT 60420 − 1322815−584−3347\nFACSIMILE 815−584−3723\nTTY 815−584−3368\nHOWE DEVELOPMENTAL\nCTR7600 W 183RD , \nTINLEY PARK 60477 − 3690708−614−4000\nFASCIMILE 708−532−7189\nTTY 708−614−3514\nJACKSONVILLE\nDEVELOPMENTAL CTR1201 S MAIN , FL 001 .\nJACKSONVILLE 62650 − 3339217−479−2110\nFACSIMILE 217−245−1165\nTTY 217−245−4251\nANN KILEY\nDEVELOPMENTAL CTR1401 W DUGDALE RD , \nWAUKEGAN 60085 − 6287847−249−0600\nFACSIMILE 847−249−0677\nTTY 847−249−8961\n8 LUDEMAN\nDEVELOPMENTAL CTR114 N ORCHARD DR , \nPARK FOREST 60466 − 1297708−283−3000\nFACILITY DIRECTOR\nFACSIMILE708−283−3316\nBUSINESS OFFICE\nFACSIMILE708−283−3043\nPERSONNEL−LABOR\nRELATIONS FACSIMILE708−283−3017\nTTY 708−283−3060\nMABLEY DEVELOPMENTAL\nCTR1120 WASHINGTON AVE , \nDIXON 61021 − 1258815−288−8300\nFACSIMILE 815−288−7275\nTTY 815−288−8361\nJOHN J MADDEN MENTAL\nHEALTH CTR1200 S FIRST , FL 001 .\nHINES 60141708−338−7400\nFACSIMILE 708−338−7233\nTTY 708−338−7282\nANDREW MCFARLAND\nMENTAL HEALTH CTR901 SOUTHWIND RD , FL 001 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62703217−786−6900\nFACILITY DIRECTOR 217−786−6994\nFACSIMILE 217−786−7167\nTTY 217−786−7242\nMETRO C A NETWORK4200 N OAK PARK AVE ,\nANNEX BLDG\nCHICAGO 60634773−794−4895\nFASCIMILE 773−794−4881\nTTY 773−794−4898\nW G MURRAY\nDEVELOPMENTAL CTR1535 W MCCORD , \nCENTRALIA 62801 − 5805618−532−1811\nFACSIMILE 618−532−8171\nSHAPIRO DEVELOPMENTAL\nCTR100 E JEFFERY , \nKANKAKEE 60901 − 5018815−939−8011\nDIRECTOR''S FACSIMILE 815−939−8266\nBUSINESS OFFICE\nFACSIMILE815−939−8414\nTTY 815−939−8580\nH DOUGLAS SINGER MH\n DEV CTR4402 N MAIN , \nROCKFORD 61103 − 1278815−987−7096\nFACSIMILE 815−987−7075\nTTY 815−939−8580\nTINLEY PARK MENTAL\nHEALTH CTR7400 W 183RD , \nTINLEY PARK 60477 − 3688708−614−4000\nFACSIMILE 708−614−4495\nTTY 708−614−4408\nTREATMENT DETENTION\nFACILITYR R 1, HORNEY BRANCH RD , \nRUSHVILLE, 62681 − 0349217−322−2093\nDIRECTOR''S OFFICE 217−322−2093\nTTY EXT. 2158 217−322−3204\n9 TREATMENT DETENTION\nFAC. BUSINESS OFFICE901 SOUTHWIND RD , FL 002 .\nSPRINGFIELD 62703217−786−0009\nFASCIMILLE 217−786−0010\nFAMILY COMMUNITY\nRESOURCE CENTERS\nADAMS COUNTY OFFICE300 MAINE , FL 2\nQUINCY 62301 − 3922217−223−0550\nTTY 866−740−3926\nALEXANDER COUNTY\nOFFICE1401 WASHINGTON AVE , \nCAIRO 62914 − 0593618−734−0762\nTTY 866−383−2345\nBOND COUNTY OFFICE100 N LOCUST , FL 001.\nGREENVILLE 62246 − 1535618−664−0668\nTTY 866−324−3845\nBOONE COUNTY OFFICE2090 PEARL , \nBELVIDERE 61008 − 0800815−544−3484\nTTY 866−323−5321\nBUREAU COUNTY OFFICE225 BACKBONE RD E STE 2, \nPRINCETON 61356 − 9543815−875−1134\nTTY 866−322−3173\nCARROLL COUNTY OFFICE820 S MILL RD MOUNT\nCARROLL, \nMT CARROLL 61053 − 0153815−244−3301\nTTY 866−322−8834\nCASS COUNTY OFFICE300 E SECOND , FL 001 .\nBEARDSTOWN 62618217−323−4185\nTTY 866−847−6170\nCHAMPAIGN / FORD\nCOUNTY OFFICE801 N WALNUT , BOX 1787\nCHAMPAIGN 61824 − 1787217−278−5605\nTTY 866−451−5784\nCHRISTIAN COUNTY OFFICE1110 N CHENEY , BOX 468\nTAYLORVILLE 62568 − 0468217−824−3389\nTTY 866−847−6169\nCLAY COUNTY OFFICE850 BRYANT , R R 3\nLOUISVILLE 62858 − 9105618−665−3391\nTTY 866−324−3851\nCLINTON COUNTY OFFICE1130 12TH , \nCARLYLE 62231 − 1252618−594−2407\nTTY 866−324−3854\nCOLES COUNTY OFFICE119 W STATE , \nCHARLESTON 61920 − 1399217−345−2188\nTTY 866−846−0527\nCRAWFORD / JASPER\nCOUNTY OFFICE1110 N ALLEN , BOX 656\nROBINSON 62454 − 0656618−544−3151\nTTY 866−324−4266\nDEKALB COUNTY OFFICE1629 AFTON RD , SYCAMORE\nDEKALB 60178 − 3253815−895−8667\nTTY 866−322−8423\nDOUGLAS COUNTY OFFICE207 E FICKLIN , BOX 470\nTUSCOLA 61953 − 0470217−253−3347\nTTY 866−383−3519\n10 DUPAGE COUNTY OFFICE146 N ROOSEVELT RD VILLA\nPK, STE 2\nVILLA PARK 60181 − 3575630−530−1120\nTTY 866−322−3092\nEDGAR/CLARK COUNTY\nOFFICE11773 HWY 1 , \nPARIS 61944 − 8237217−465−6491\nTTY 866−383−4370\nEFFINGHAM / CUMBERLAND\nCOUNTY OFFICE925 E FAYETTE , BOX 726\nEFFINGHAM 62401 − 0726217−342−4160\nTTY 866−900−0825\nFAYETTE COUNTY OFFICE228 W JOHNSON , \nVANDALIA 62471 − 2898618−283−2607\nTTY 866−324−4431\nFRANKLIN COUNTY OFFICE1602 N MAIN , \nBENTON 62812 − 1900618−439−4351\nTTY 866−324−4802\nFULTON COUNTY OFFICE1329 N MAIN , BOX 312\nLEWISTOWN 61542 − 0312309−547−3755\nTTY 866−451−5783\nGREENE COUNTY OFFICE145 WALNUT , BOX 286\nCARROLLTON 62016 − 0286217−942−6907\nTTY 866−383−4603\nHAMILTON COUNTY OFFICEROUTE 14 E BOX 146,\nMCLEANSBORO\nMC LEANSBORO 62859 − 0146618−643−2313\nTTY 866−325−4949\nHANCOCK COUNTY OFFICE2005 E US HWY 136 , \nCARTHAGE 62321 − 1444217−357−3116\nTTY 866−877−6013\nHENRY / STARK COUNTY\nOFFICE125 W SOUTH , STE 14\nKEWANEE 61443 − 3741309−852−5627\nTTY 866−451−5772\nIROQUOIS COUNTY OFFICE806 E WALNUT , \nWATSEKA 60970 − 1488815−432−5256\nTTY 866−322−6922\nJACKSON COUNTY OFFICE342 NORTH ST , \nMURPHYSBORO 62966 − 2295618−687−1705\nTTY 866−325−5149\nJEFFERSON / WAYNE\nCOUNTY OFFICE333 POTOMAC BLVD , FL 001\nSTE−F\nMT VERNON 62864618−242−1040\nTTY 866−325−8153\nJERSEY / CRAWFORD\nCOUNTY OFFICE110 N JEFFERSON , \nJERSEYVILLE 62052 − 1726618−498−2105\nTTY 866−900−0915\nJO DAVIESS COUNTY OFFICE708 S WEST , \nGALENA 61036 − 0237815−777−0718\nTTY 866−323−1677\nKANE/AURORA COUNTY\nOFFICE361 OLD INDIAN TRAIL , \nAURORA 60506 − 2430630−844−7400\nTTY 866−323−0616\n11 KANE/ELGIN COUNTY\nOFFICE600 S STATE , \nELGIN 60120 − 3885866−323−1092\nTTY 866−323−1092\nKANKAKEE COUNTY OFFICE285 N SCHUYLER AVE , BOX\n1786\nKANKAKEE 60901 − 1786815−939−4544\nTTY 866−323−2134\nKENDALL COUNTY OFFICE1304 GAME FARM RD , FL 001 .\nYORKVILLE 60560630−553−7743\nTTY 866−323−0273\nKNOX COUNTY OFFICE477 E MAIN , STE 100\nGALESBURG 61401 − 5396309−342−8144\nTTY 866−451−5771\nLAKE COUNTY OFFICE3235 W BELVIDERE RD , \nPARK CITY 60085 − 6017847−336−5212\nTTY 866−322−3172\nLASALLE COUNTY OFFICE700 CENTENNIAL DR , \nOTTAWA 61350 − 1073815−433−1572\nTTY 866−451−5770\nLAWRENCE COUNTY OFFICER R 1−BOX 418 , FL 001 .\nLAWRENCEVILLE 62439 − 9784618−943−2334\nTTY 866−326−0247\nLIVINGSTON COUNTY\nOFFICE905 CUSTER AVE , \nPONTIAC 61764 − 0707815−842−1151\nTTY 866−322−7255\nLOGAN / DEWITT COUNTY\nOFFICE1550 FOURTH , BOX 310\nLINCOLN 62656 − 0310217−735−2306\nTTY 866−847−6173\nMACON COUNTY OFFICE707 E WOOD , \nDECATUR 62524 − 3130217−362−6500\nTTY 866−847−6171\nMACOUPIN COUNTY OFFICE340 E WILSON , BOX 380\nCARLINVILLE 62626217−854−3145\nTTY 866−900−0923\nMADISON COUNTY\nOFFICE−GRANITE CITY1925 MADISON AVE , \nGRANITE CITY 62040 − 4616618−877−9200\nTTY 866−326−0967\nMADISON COUNTY\nOFFICE−E. ALTON608 W ST LOUIS AVE , BOX 270\nEAST ALTON 62024 − 0270618−258−1660\nTTY 866−326−0270\nMARION COUNTY OFFICE800 S LOCUST , \nCENTRALIA 62801 − 0746618−532−1966\nTTY 866−326−0992\nMARSHALL COUNTY OFFICE511 SCHOOL , \nHENRY 61537 − 1236309−364−2376\nTTY 866−322−7171\nMASON COUNTY OFFICE323 W MAIN , \nHAVANA 62644 − 1194309−543−3329\nTTY 866−451−5768\nMASSAC COUNTY OFFICE2301 METROPOLIS , \nMETROPOLIS 62960 − 1399618−524−2631\n12 TTY 866−326−9638\nMCDONOUGH COUNTY\nOFFICE1026 E JACKSON , \nMACOMB 61455 − 2520309−833−4127\nTTY 866−322−7260\nMCHENRY COUNTY OFFICE2215 LAKE SHORE DR , \nWOODSTOCK 60098 − 6918815−338−0234\nTTY 866−383−1869\nMCLEAN COUNTY OFFICE501 W WASHINGTON , FL 001 .\nBLOOMINGTON 61701309−451−6000\nTTY 866−451−5764\nMERCER COUNTY OFFICE601 SE 19TH AVE , \nALEDO 61231 − 2095309−582−5178\nTTY 866−451−5724\nMONTGOMERY COUNTY\nOFFICE210 E FAIRGROUNDS AVE , \nHILLSBORO 62049 − 1899217−532−3957\nTTY 888−642−3420\nMORGAN COUNTY OFFICE45−47 S CENTRAL PARK PLZ , \nJACKSONVILLE 62650 − 2080217−245−5164\nTTY 866−876−7663\nMOULTRIE / PIATT COUNTY\nOFFICE625 S HAMILTON , \nSULLIVAN 61951 − 2168217−728−7343\nTTY 866−877−6372\nOGLE / LEE COUNTY OFFICE106 N SECOND , FL 001 .\nOREGON 61061815−732−2166\nTTY 866−323−4144\nPEORIA COUNTY OFFICE2301 NE ADAMS , FL 001\nPEORIA 61603309−686−8700\nTTY 866−451−5763\nPERRY COUNTY OFFICE314 N MAPLE , \nDU QUOIN 62832 − 1099618−542−4714\nTTY 866−383−1865\nPIKE COUNTY OFFICE201 N MISSISSIPPI , \nPITTSFIELD 62363217−285−2171\nTTY 866−842−3420\nPOPE COUNTY OFFICE106 N MARKET , BOX 130\nGOLCONDA 62938 − 0130618−683−2921\nTTY 866−383−1866\nPULASKI COUNTY OFFICE422 S BLANCHE , \nMOUNDS 62964 − 1094618−745−9411\nTTY 866−740−3951\nRANDOLPH COUNTY 0FFICE870 LEHMENN DR , \nCHESTER 62233 − 0307618−826−4559\nTTY 866−876−7176\nRICHLAND COUNTY OFFICE1406 MARTIN , \nOLNEY 62450 − 4722618−392−3151\nTTY 866−740−3932\nROCK ISLAND COUNTY\nOFFICE2821 FIFTH ST , \nROCK ISLAND 61201 − 4085309−794−9530\nTTY 866−321−0909\nSALINE / GALLATIN\nCOUNTY OFFICE320 E RAYMOND , \nHARRISBURG 62946 − 0724618−253−7161\n13 TTY 866−847−6174\nSANGAMON COUNTY OFFICE100 S M L KING JR DR , \nSPRINGFIELD 62703 − 1197217−782−0400\nTTY 888−642−3448\nSCHUYLER COUNTY OFFICE111 E WASHINGTON , BOX 349\nRUSHVILLE, 62681 − 0349217−322−3377\nTTY 866−900−0920\nSHELBY COUNTY OFFICE610 W MAIN , \nSHELBYVILLE 62565 − 1440217−774−3971\nTTY 866−877−6775\nST CLAIR COUNTY−E. ST.\nLOUIS225 N NINTH , \nE ST LOUIS 62201 − 1798618−583−2300\nTTY 866−740−3931\nST CLAIR\nCOUNTY−BELLEVILLE1220 CENTREVILLE AVE , \nBELLEVILLE 62220 − 3007618−257−7400\nTTY 866−740−3933\nSTEPHENSON COUNTY\nOFFICE1631 S GALENA AVE , \nFREEPORT 61032 − 2500815−232−6123\nTTY 866−324−3554\nTAZEWELL COUNTY OFFICE200 S SECOND , STE 20\nPEKIN 61554 − 4083309−347−4184\nTTY 866−324−3820\nUNION / JOHNSON COUNTY\nOFFICE1000 N MAIN , FL 001 .\nANNA 62906618−833−2118\nTTY 866−847−6841\nVERMILLION COUNTY\nOFFICE220 S BOWMAN AVE , BOX 690\nDANVILLE 61834217−442−4003\nTTY 866−324−3713\nWABASH COUNTY OFFICE229 W SECOND , FL 001 .\nMT CARMEL 62863618−262−5179\nTTY 866−740−3950\nWARREN COUNTY OFFICE1245 S MAIN , BOX 80\nMONMOUTH 61462 − 0080309−734−2159\nTTY 866−322−8353\nWHITE COUNTY OFFICE1112 W OAK , \nCARMI 62821 − 1344618−382−4685\nTTY 866−740−3928\nWHITESIDE COUNTY OFFICE2605 WOODLAWN RD , \nSTERLING 61081 − 4151815−632−4045\nTTY 866−323−4849\nWILL COUNTY OFFICE45 E WEBSTER , \nJOLIET 60432 − 4067815−740−5350\nTTY 866−322−2586\nWILLIAMSON COUNTY\nOFFICE1107 W DEYOUNG , STE 20\nMARION 62959 − 4403618−997−6591\nTTY 866−740−3927\nWINNEBAGO COUNTY\nOFFICE1111 N AVON , \nROCKFORD 61101 − 5898815−987−7620\nTTY 866−322−2681\nCOOK COUNTY\n14 AUSTIN DISTRICT OFFICE408 N LARAMIE AVE , \nCHICAGO 60644 − 1999773−854−6300\nTTY 866−321−8282\nCALUMET PARK DISTRICT\nOFFICE831 W 119TH , \nCHICAGO 60643 − 5299773−660−4700\nTTY 866−439−3713\nENGLEWOOD DISTRICT\nOFFICE5323 S WESTERN AVE , \nCHICAGO 60636 − 5436773−918−6700\nTTY 866−214−9360\nGARFIELD DISTRICT OFFICE500 N PULASKI RD , \nCHICAGO 60624 − 1091773−265−7740\nTTY 866−273−3929\nHUMBOLDT PARK DISTRICT\nOFFICE2753 W NORTH AVE , \nCHICAGO 60647 − 5246773−292−7200\nTTY 866−439−3721\nLOWER NORTH DISTRICT\nOFFICE412 N MILWAUKEE AVE , \nCHICAGO 60610 − 3993312−738−5700\nTTY 866−439−3719\nMEDICAL FIELD\nOPERATIONS2036 S MICHIGAN AVENUE , FL\n005 − 007\nCHICAGO 60616 − 1733312−793−8000\nTTY 866−214−8309\nMICHIGAN DISTRICT OFFICE70 E 21ST , \nCHICAGO 60616 − 1782312−793−7500\nTTY 866−217−8037\nNORTHERN DISTRICT OFFICE5822 N WESTERN AVE , \nCHICAGO 60659 − 5097773−989−3600\nTTY 866−321−8261\nNORTHWEST DISTRICT\nOFFICE4105 W CHICAGO AVE , \nCHICAGO 60651 − 3698773−265−7000\nTTY 866−321−9119\nOAKLAND DISTRICT OFFICE610 W ROOT , \nCHICAGO 60609 − 2669773−579−4200\nTTY 866−439−3712\nROSELAND DISTRICT OFFICE11203 S ELLIS AVE , \nCHICAGO 60628 − 4696773−660−7000\nTTY 866−214−8514\nSOUTHEAST DISTRICT\nOFFICE8001 S COTTAGE GROVE AVE , \nCHICAGO 60619 − 4095773−602−4200\nTTY 866−439−3714\nSOUTH SUBURBAN\nDISTRICT OFFICE14820 S KEDZIE AVE , \nMIDLOTHIAN 60445 − 3696708−633−5600\nTTY 866−439−3715\nUPTOWN DISTRICT OFFICE2112 W LAWRENCE AVE , FL\n001 .\nCHICAGO 60625773−907−4100\nTTY 866−439−3720\nWESTERN DISTRICT OFFICE3910 W OGDEN , \nCHICAGO 60623 − 2495773−522−8370\nTTY 866−439−3716\n15 WEST SUBURBAN LOCAL\nOFFICE2701 W LAKE , FL 001\nMELROSE PARK 60160 − 3041708−338−7600\nTTY 866−439−3720\nWICKER PARK LOCAL\nOFFICE1279 N MILWAUKEE AVE , FL 3\nCHICAGO 60622 − 2296773−292−2900\nTTY 866−439−3718\nWOODLAWN LOCAL OFFICE915 E 63RD , \nCHICAGO 60637 − 3609773−753−5200\nTTY 866−214−9358\nTEEN PARENT OFFICES −\nCOOK COUNTY\nCENTRAL OFFICE2014 S MICHIGAN AVENUE , FL\n001\nCHICAGO 60616 − 1733312−793−5986\nTTY 888−206−1535\nSOUTH OFFICE1308 W 105TH , FL 001 .\nCHICAGO 60643773−881−2900\nTTY 888−614−2383\n16"
} |
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"pdf_file": "IYUNRQPMTREBOTPIQVJVWLOXDYVFY7PH.pdf",
"text": "U.S. Department of Commerce\nInternational Trade Administration\nOffice of Travel and Tourism Industries\n2010 Sector Profile: Business Overseas Business Visitors\nI nternational Trade Administration • M anufac turing and S er vices • O ffice of Travel and Tourism I ndustriesCountry of Origin of Business Visitors[thousands of visitors] 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Change \n2010/2003\nOverseas Visitors (1)4,687 4,938 5,203 5,135 6,331 6,386 4,941 5,325 638\n % Change -13 5 5 -1 23 1 -23 8 14\nShare of Overseas Visitors 26.0 24.3 24.0 23.7 26.5 25.2 20.8 20.2 -5.8\n Point Change in Share -2.1 -1.7 -0.3 -0.3 2.8 -1.3 -4.4 -0.6\n2010 Industry Sector Profile:\nBusiness\nVisitor OriginMarket\nShare\n2009\n(Percent)Volume\n2009\n(000)Market\nShare\n2010\n(Percent)Volume\n2010\n(000)\nWORLD REGIONS\nEurope 45.7 2,258 41.8 2,226 \nWestern Europe 43.6 2,154 39.7 2,114 \nAsia 27.3 1,349 33.2 1,768 \nSouth America 11.4 563 12.1 644 \nCOUNTRIES OF RESIDENCE\nUnited Kingdom 15.9 786 12.8 682 \nJapan 7.2 356 9.6 511 \nGermany 7.4 366 7.2 383 \nP. R. of China 5.0 247 6.5 346 \nIndia 5.3 262 6.2 330 \nR. of China (Taiwan) 1.9 94 ** ** Main Purpose of Trip\nMain Purpose of Trip \n(top 4 of 8)2009\n(Percent)2010\n(Percent)Point \nChange (2)\nBusiness/Professional 89 87 -1.2\nLeisure/Rec./Holidays 5 5 0.3\nConvention/Conference 3 3 0.5\nVisit Friends/Relatives 3 3 -0.3\nI nternational Trade Administration • M anufac turing and S er vices • O ffice of Travel and Tourism I ndustriesAll Purposes of Trip\nPurpose of Trip \n(multiple response--top 4 of 8)2009\n(Percent)2010\n(Percent)Point \nChange (2)\nBusiness/Professional 100 100 0.0\nLeisure/Rec./Holidays 20 22 1.2\nVisit Friends/Relatives 16 16 0.3\nConvention/Conference 9 13 3.9\n NET PURPOSES OF TRIP:\n Leisure & VFR 32 34 1.6\n Business & Convention 100 100 0.0Information Sources Used \n(multiple response: top 4 of 12)2009\n(Percent)2010\n(Percent)Point \nChange (2)\nTravel Agency 41 39 -2.2\nPersonal Computer 28 28 -0.1\nCorporate Travel Dept. 23 24 0.7\nAirlines Directly 22 23 1.0Information Sources Used to Plan Trip by Business Visitors\n2010 Industry Sector Profile:\nBusiness I nternational Trade Administration • M anufac turing and S er vices • O ffice of Travel and Tourism I ndustriesActivity Participation While in the United States\nActivity Participation While in the U.S.\n(multiple response--top 10 of 25)2009\n(Percent)2010\n(Percent)Point \nChange (2)\nDining in Restaurants 85 85 0.0\nShopping 80 80 0.2\nSightseeing in Cities 27 30 2.9\nVisit Historical Places 23 25 1.9\nVisit Small Towns 15 16 1.0\nArt Gallery/Museum 14 15 0.7\nAmusement/Theme Parks 14 14 0.1\nCultural Heritage Sites 13 14 0.9\nNightclubs/Dancing 12 12 0.1\nVisit National Parks 10 11 0.8Transportation Used in United States by Business Visitors\nTransportation Types Used in United States \n(multiple response--top 5 of 8)2009\n(Percent)2010\n(Percent)Point \nChange (2)\nTaxi/Cab/Limousine 49 49 0.2\nRented Auto 33 32 -1.2\nAirlines in U.S. 32 31 -0.4\nCompany or Private Auto 23 25 1.1\nCity Subway/Tram/Bus 17 18 0.7\n2010 Industry Sector Profile:\nBusiness I nternational Trade Administration • M anufac turing and S er vices • O ffice of Travel and Tourism I ndustriesSelect Traveler Characteristics of Business Visitors\nTraveler Characteristics 2009 2010 Change (2)\nAdvance Trip Decision Time (mean days) 45 45 0.0 days\nAdvance Trip Decision Time (median days) 30 30 0.0 days\nPrepaid Package 4% 5% 1.0 pts.\nFirst International Trip to the U.S. 14% 15% 0.9 pts.\nLength of Stay in U.S. (mean nights) 17.0 15.8 -1.2 nights\nLength of Stay in U.S. (median nights) 7 7 0 nights\nNumber of States Visited (% 1 state) 64% 63% -1.0 pts.\nAverage Number of States Visited 1.6 1.6 0.0 states\nHotel/Motel (% 1+ nights) 87% 88% 1.0 pts.\nAverage # of Nights in Hotel/Motel 8.5 9.2 0.7 nights\nTravel Party Size (mean # of persons) 1.2 1.2 0.0\nGender: % Male (among adults) 78% 76% -1.8 pts.\nHousehold Income (mean average) $107,900 $104,800 -$3,100\nHousehold Income (median average) $97,900 $94,200 -$3,700\nAverage Age: Female 38 37 -1.0 years\nAverage Age: Male 42 42 -0.1 years\n2010 Industry Sector Profile:\nBusiness I nternational Trade Administration • M anufac turing and S er vices • O ffice of Travel and Tourism I ndustriesU.S. Destinations Visited by Overseas Business Travelers\nVisitation to U.S. Destinations/Regions (3)Market\nShare\n2009\n(Percent)Volume\n2009\n(000)Market\nShare\n2010\n(Percent)Volume\n2010\n(000)\nREGIONS\nMiddle Atlantic 36.2 1,789 34.1 1,816\nSouth Atlantic 31.2 1,542 31.4 1,672\nPacific 26.5 1,309 29.0 1,544\nEast North Central 14.1 697 12.9 687\nWest South Central 8.8 435 9.6 511\nMountain 8.6 425 8.9 474\nNew England 9.0 445 8.1 431\nSTATES\nNew York 28.3 1,398 27.6 1,470\nCalifornia 24.2 1,196 26.0 1,385\nFlorida 14.8 731 16.5 879\nIllinois 8.5 420 8.4 447\nTexas 7.4 366 8.1 431\nMassachusetts 7.0 346 6.5 346\nNew Jersey 6.2 306 5.9 314\nNevada 4.7 232 5.1 272\nPennsylvania 5.3 262 ** ** \nCITIES\nNew York City-WP-Wayne 26.9 1,329 26.7 1,422\nLos Angeles 11.8 583 12.3 655\nMiami ** ** 10.8 575\nSan Francisco 9.3 460 10.4 554\nChicago 8.1 400 8.1 431\nWashington, D.C. Metro 8.1 400 7.3 389\nBoston 6.6 326 6.0 320\nLas Vegas ** ** 4.8 256\n2010 Industry Sector Profile:\nBusiness I nternational Trade Administration • M anufac turing and S er vices • O ffice of Travel and Tourism I ndustries(1) Overseas includes all countries except Canada and Mexico.\n(2) Percentage-point and percentage changes are based on non-rounded data.(3) Only census region, state, and city destinations having a sample size of 400 or more are displayed. \n Due to quarterly data weighting by country and port of entry, some unreported destinations may have a higher proportion of total than those reported.\n(**) Estimate not shown due to sample size fewer than 400 for this year.Note: This profile shows only a portion of the 35 travel characteristics data reported on international ar \n rivals to the United States.\n Additional information may be obtained for a fee. To learn more, please visit: \n http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/research/programs/ifs/index.html.\n U.K. includes residents of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. For a list of the states that comprise each census region, please visit: \n http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/outreachpages/census_regions.html.\n Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, ITA, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries.\n Publication Date: May 2011\n2010 Industry Sector Profile:\nBusiness Survey of International Air Travelers\nThe Survey of International Air Travelers provides a level of detail and insight into the traveler charac-\nteristics and travel patterns of international visitors to and from the United States not found elsewhere. Responses are weighted with data from the Department of Homeland Security and the following thirty-five tables are then populated. This report, which was constructed using just a fraction of the data available, summarizes what we know about the overseas business traveler who visits the United States.\nSurvey of International Air Travelers: Table Number and Description\nTable 1 Country of Residence Table 19 Number of States Visited\nTable 2 Advance Trip Decision Table 20 Number of Destinations Listed\nTable 3 Advance Airline Reservation Table 21 Transportation in U.S.\nTable 4 Means of Booking Air Trip Table 22 Port of Entry\nTable 5 Information Sources Table 23 Main Destination\nTable 6 Use of Package Table 24 U.S. Destinations Visited\nTable 7 Use of Prepaid Business Table 25 Leisure Activities\nTable 8 Advance Package Booking Table 26 Total Trip Expenditures\nTable 9 Pre-Booked Business Table 27 Itemized Trip Expenditures\nTable 10 Travel Companions Table 28 Trip Expenses Payment Method\nTable 11 Travel Party Size Table 29 Factors in Airline Choice\nTable 12 Main Purpose of Trip Table 30 Main Factor in Airline Choice\nTable 13 Purpose of Trip Table 31 Type of Airline Ticket\nTable 14 Type of Accommodation Table 32 Seating Area\nTable 15 Nights in the U.S. Table 33 Gender & Age of Traveler\nTable 16 First Int’l U.S. Trip Table 34 Occupation\nTable 17 U.S. Trips Last 12 Months Table 35 Annual Household Income\nTable 18 U.S. Trips Last 5 Years\nI nternational Trade Administration • M anufac turing and S er vices • O ffice of Travel and Tourism I ndustries\n2010 Industry Sector Profile:\nBusiness Interested in obtaining data for your organization?\n \nOTTI collects, analyzes and disseminates international travel and tourism statistics from \nthe U.S. Travel and Tourism Statistical System and produces visitation data tables, includ -\ning a business and pleasure arrivals rate of change analysis and detailed region, country and port analyses.\nTo learn more, you are encouraged to visit: http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/research/programs/ifs/customized.html\nhttp://www.xbodies.comhttp://www.bidlesstravel.comU.S. Department of Commerce\nInternational Trade Administration\nManufacturing and Services\nOffice of Travel and Tourism Industries\n1401 Constitution Ave, NW\nWashington, D.C. 20230\nPhone: (202) 482-0140\nFax: (202) 482-2887\notti@trade.gov\nhttp://tinet.ita.do c.gov\nI nternational Trade Administration • M anufac turing and S er vices • O ffice of Travel and Tourism I ndustries\nFor OTTI programs of interest visit:\nhttp://www.tinet.ita.doc.gov/research/index.html\n• Summary of International Travel to the United States (I-94)\n• U.S. International Air Traveler Statistics (I-92)\n• Canadian Statistics\n• Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT )\n• Forecast of International Arrivals to the United States\n• U.S. Travel and Tourism Exports, Imports and the Balance of Trade\n• U.S. Travel and Tourism Satellite Accounts\n• Travel Trade Barometer"
} |
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"pdf_file": "KVHILAJFL5JLBNQSY47V3U5QMWNYXI43.pdf",
"text": "76 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–07 Edition) § 89.211 \neach engine family in the trading pro-\ngram: \n(1) The engine family; (2) The actual quarterly and cumu-\nlative applicable production/sales vol-ume; \n(3) The values required to calculate \ncredits as given in §89.207; \n(4) The resulting type and number of \ncredits generated/required; \n(5) How and where credit surpluses \nare dispersed; and \n(6) How and through what means \ncredit deficits are met. \n(d) The manufacturer must retain all \nrecords required to be maintained under this section for a period of eight years from the due date for the end-of- model-year report. Records may be re-tained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, ADP diskettes, and so forth, depending on the manufacturer’s \nrecord retention procedure; provided, that in every case all information con-tained in the hard copy is retained. \n(e) Nothing in this section limits the \nAdministrator’s discretion in requiring the manufacturer to retain additional records or submit information not spe-cifically required by this section. \n(f) Pursuant to a request made by the \nAdministrator, the manufacturer must submit to the Administrator the infor-mation that the manufacturer is re-quired to retain. \n(g) EPA may void ab initio under \n§89.126(c) a certificate of conformity for an engine family for which the manufacturer fails to retain the records required in this section or to provide such information to the Ad-ministrator upon request. \n[59 FR 31335, June 17, 1994. Redesignated and \namended at 63 FR 56995, 57009, Oct. 23, 1998] \n§ 89.211 End-of-year and final reports. \n(a) End-of-year and final reports \nmust indicate the engine family, the actual applicable production/sales vol-ume, the values required to calculate credits as given in §89.207, and the number of credits generated/required. Manufacturers must also submit how and where credit surpluses were dis-persed (or are to be banked) and/or how and through what means credit deficits were met. Copies of contracts related to credit trading must be included or supplied by the broker, if applicable. The report shall include a calculation \nof credit balances to show that the summation of the manufacturer’s use of credits results in a credit balance equal to or greater than zero, except as allowed under §89.203(c)(3)(ii). Manufac-turers participating under the program described in §89.203(c)(3)(ii) shall in-clude the NMHC + NO\nXcredit balance \nand the PM credit balance as of Decem-ber 31 of that calendar year. \n(b) The applicable production/sales \nvolume for end-of-year and final re-ports must be based on the location of the point of first retail sale (for exam-ple, retail customer, dealer, secondary manufacturer) also called the final product purchase location. \n(c)(1) End-of-year reports must be \nsubmitted within 90 days of the end of the model year to: Director, Engine Programs and Compliance Division (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency, 401 M St., SW., Wash-ington, DC 20460. \n(2) Final reports must be submitted \nwithin 270 days of the end of the model year to: Director, Engine Programs and Compliance Division (6405-J), U.S. En-vironmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460. \n(d) Failure by a manufacturer par-\nticipating in the averaging, banking, or trading program to submit any end-of- year or final reports in the specified time for all engines is a violation of sections 203(a)(1) and 213 of the Clean Air Act for each engine. \n(e) A manufacturer generating cred-\nits for deposit only who fails to submit \nend-of-year reports in the applicable specified time period (90 days after the end of the model year) may not use the credits until such reports are received and reviewed by EPA. Use of projected credits pending EPA review is not per-mitted in these circumstances. \n(f) Errors discovered by EPA or the \nmanufacturer in the end-of-year report, including errors in credit calculation, may be corrected in the final report up to 270 days from the end of the model year. \n(g) If EPA or the manufacturer deter-\nmines that a reporting error occurred on an end-of-year or final report pre-viously submitted to EPA under this section, the manufacturer’s credits and \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 08:02 Sep 10, 2007 Jkt 211161 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\\SGML\\211161.XXX 211161 77 Environmental Protection Agency § 89.304 \ncredit calculations will be recal-\nculated. Erroneous positive credits will be void except as provided in paragraph (h) of this section. Erroneous negative credit balances may be adjusted by EPA. \n(h) If within 270 days of the end of the \nmodel year, EPA review determines a reporting error in the manufacturer’s favor (that is, resulting in an increased credit balance) or if the manufacturer discovers such an error within 270 days of the end of the model year, the cred-its shall be restored for use by the manufacturer. \n[59 FR 31335, June 17, 1994. Redesignated and \namended at 63 FR 56995, 57009, Oct. 23, 1998] \n§ 89.212 Notice of opportunity for \nhearing. \nAny voiding of the certificate under \n§§89.203(d), 89.206(c), 89.209(c) or 89.210(g) will be made only after the manufacturer concerned has been of-fered an opportunity for a hearing con-ducted in accordance with §§89.512 and 89.513 and, if a manufacturer requests such a hearing, will be made only after an initial decision by the Presiding Of-ficer. \n[63 FR 57010, Oct. 23, 1998] \nSubpart D—Emission Test \nEquipment Provisions \n§ 89.301 Scope; applicability. \n(a) This subpart describes the equip-\nment required in order to perform ex-haust emission tests on new nonroad compression-ignition engines subject to the provisions of subpart B of part 89. \n(b) Exhaust gases, either raw or di-\nlute, are sampled while the test engine is operated using an 8-mode test cycle on an engine dynamometer. The ex-haust gases receive specific component analysis determining concentration of pollutant, exhaust volume, the fuel flow, and the power output during each mode. Emission is reported as grams per kilowatt hour (g/kw-hr). See sub-part E of this part for a complete de-scription of the test procedure. \n(c) General equipment and calibra-\ntion requirements are given in §89.304 through 89.324. Sections 89.325 through 89.331 set forth general test specifica-\ntions. \n(d) Additional information about sys-\ntem design, calibration methodologies, and so forth, for raw gas sampling can be found in 40 CFR part 1065. Examples for system design, calibration meth-odologies, and so forth, for dilute ex-haust gas sampling can be found in 40 CFR part 1065. \n[59 FR 31335, June 17, 1994. Redesignated at 63 \nFR 56995, Oct. 23, 1998, as amended at 70 FR 40445, July 13, 2005] \n§ 89.302 Definitions. \nThe definitions in subpart A of this \npart apply to this subpart. For terms not defined in this part, the definitions in 40 CFR part 86, subparts A, D, I, and N, apply to this subpart. \n[63 FR 57010, Oct. 23, 1998] \n§ 89.303 Symbols/abbreviations. \n(a) The abbreviations in §86.094–3 or \npart 89.3 of this chapter apply to this subpart. \n(b) The abbreviations in Table 1 in \nappendix A of this subpart apply to this subpart. Some abbreviations from §89.3 have been included for the con-venience of the reader. \n(c) The symbols in Table 2 in appen-\ndix A of this subpart apply to this sub-part. \n[59 FR 31335, June 17, 1994. Redesignated at 63 \nFR 56995, Oct. 23, 1998] \n§ 89.304 Equipment required for gas-\neous emissions; overview. \n(a) All engines subject to this subpart \nare tested for exhaust emissions. En-gines are operated on dynamometers meeting the specification given in §89.306. \n(b) The exhaust is tested for gaseous \nemissions using a raw gas sampling system as described in §89.412 or a con-stant volume sampling (CVS) system as described in §89.419. Both systems require analyzers (see paragraph (c) of this section) specific to the pollutant being measured. \n(c) Analyzers used are a non-disper-\nsive infrared (NDIR) absorption type for carbon monoxide and carbon diox-ide analysis; a heated flame ionization (HFID) type for hydrocarbon analysis; and a chemiluminescent detector \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 08:02 Sep 10, 2007 Jkt 211161 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8002 Y:\\SGML\\211161.XXX 211161"
} |
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"text": "Oklahoma Water Research Institute \nAnnual Technical Report \nFY 2002\nIntroduction\nThe Environmental Institute at Oklahoma State University has as its mission to serve as a center for\nstimulation and promotion of interdisciplinary research, graduate education and public education relating\nto understanding, protecting, utilizing and sustaining the natural environment. The University Center for\nWater Research (UCWR) is an integral part of the Institutes research efforts and is responsible for\ndeveloping and coordinating water research funded through two programs: Oklahoma Water Resources\nResearch Institute (OWRRI) funded by the Department of the Interior through the U.S. Geological Survey\nand the Water Research Center, (WRC) funded by the State of Oklahoma. The primary objective of the\nUCWR is the promotion of research of water related issues that are not only of national and regional\nconcern, but also address the needs of Oklahoma. \nThe federally supported Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute is one of 54 Water Institutes\ncreated under Section 104 of the Water Resources Research Act. In Fiscal Year 2002, the $84,785 grant to\nthe OWRRI was used to support four research projects and water research administration and development\nactivities as well as the information transfer program. The three research projects supported by the\nOWRRI program are as follows: \nProject 2002OK2B Springs in Peril: Have Changes in Groundwater Input Affected Oklahoma Springs?\nassessed the status of Oklahoma springs with respect to groundwater input, and the effects of altered\ngroundwater flow rates on spring biota. \nProject 2002OK3B Enhanced Life Cycle Assessment: Analysis to Guide Environmental Technology\nImplementation develops an enhanced life cycle assessment (ECLA) framework for the integrated\nassessment of the implementation of environmental technologies. \nProject 2002OK4B Resistance Tomographic Imaging, Digital Mapping and Immersion Visualization of\nEvaporite Karst in Western Oklahoma investigates a novel and innovative procedure that combines\nelectrical resistivity tomography (ERT), digital mapping and immersion visualization hardware and\nsoftware to provide a digital image of subsurface conduit networks in a karst environment. \nProject 2002OK6B Evaluating Cost Effective Technologies to Reduce Phosphorous Loading to Surface\nWaters in the Ozark Region develops methods that will aid watershed managers in the Ozark and similar\nregions to set and implement TMDLs in a cost effective manner. \nResearch Program Springs in Peril: Have Changes in Groundwater Input Affected\nOklahoma Springs?\nBasic Information\nTitle:Springs in Peril: Have Changes in Groundwater Input Affected Oklahoma Springs?\nProject Number: 2002OK2B\nStart Date:3/1/2001\nEnd Date:2/28/2003\nFunding Source: 104B\nCongressional \nDistrict:Oklahoma 4th\nResearch \nCategory:Ground-water Flow and Transport\nFocus Category: , None, None\nDescriptors:invertabrate fauna, biomonitoring, temporal change, dewatering, springs,\ngroundwater-surface water interactions,spring discharge, spring fauna, Oklahoma \ncrayfish\nPrincipal \nInvestigators:Elizabeth A. Bergey\nPublication 1 Problem and Research Objectives \n \nProblem. Groundwater is an extremely important commodity to Oklahoma, with heavy \nuse by agriculture, industry, municipalities, and private landowners. Groundwater is also \ncritical for wildlife and for maintaining the high -quality outdoors environment of \nOklahoma, especially through the influence of groundwater on springs and on stream \nflows. \n \nSprings, by definition, are the locations where groundwater emerges and becomes surface \nwater. As a habitat, springs share the charact eristics of both underground waters (nearly \nconstant temperatures and water flow, and low oxygen concentration) and surface waters \n(light and algal growth, inputs of dead plant material, and the water -air interface which \nallows gas exchange and colonizatio n by flying insects). Typically, springs have a \ncharacteristic fauna that may include certain fishes and a predominance of non -flying \ninvertebrates, such as snails and flatworms. \n \nThe extensive use of groundwater in Oklahoma and surrounding states may redu ce water \nlevels in some Oklahoma aquifers, with consequent partial or complete dewatering of the \nassociated springs. In fact, springs provide an excellent point to monitor quantitative and \nqualitative changes in groundwater resources. Such reduction in spr ing flows may \nadversely affect the plants and animals living in spring, especially those species that are \nspring specialists. The flow of streams associated with springs may also be adversely \naffected by groundwater use. \n \nRecently, there have been two prop osed large -scale water sales projects in Oklahoma. \nAlthough neither sale has gone through, both are still possible and these potential sales \nhighlight the growing value of Oklahoma water. The first sale would involve water \nextracted from southeastern Oklah oma and sold to Texas. Although the sale would \ninvolve only surface stream flow, the interaction between streams and groundwater could \nalso affect alluvial aquifers (= aquifers associated with streams and rivers). \n \nThe second proposed water sale would invo lve the direct extraction of groundwater from \nthe Arbuckle -Simpson aquifer, a process that would almost certainly affect the springs \nand spring -fed streams in this area. These streams and springs are used by local \nmunicipalities and have very high recreati onal value. \n \nOriginal objectives: This research will addresses (1) the flow status of springs in \nOklahoma, and (2) the effects of altered flow rates on spring biota. Discharge data and \ninvertebrate surveys from 50 springs collected in 1981 -1982 (existing d ata from a \nprevious OWRRI project; Matthews et al.1983) and in 2001 -2002 (this project) are being \nused to assess changes in groundwater discharge into springs and indicate how any \nchanges may affect the invertebrate fauna of springs. \n \nSpecific objectives o f the project are: \nA. Estimate the extent of groundwater flow changes into springs throughout Oklahoma. 2 B. Determine if changes in spring conditions over the past 20 years have affected \nspring invertebrate communities. \nC. Determine whether some types or locations o f springs are more susceptible to flow \nreduction than other springs. \nD. Identify possible indicator species that either appear or disappear in flow -impacted \nsprings. \nE. Increase the knowledge base of the biodiversity and distribution of spring -dwelling \ninvertebr ates. \nF. Train one graduate student to work on the springs of Oklahoma. \nG. ‘Re-use’ data from the project by adding data to the OBS database, to be used, for \nexample, in future research projects by external researchers. \nH. Disseminate information and results in a f inal report, by developing a project \nwebsite, presenting results at one or more meetings, and writing one manuscript. \n \nAdded objectives. In addition to sampling invertebrates at each spring, fish were \ncollected, when present. Fish were collected in the 198 1-1982 study and their inclusion in \nthis study adds to the information gained about changes in the biota over the 20 -year \nperiod. Fish were not included in the original proposal because there was insufficient \ntime to obtain the required approval for resear ch involving vertebrates by the University \nof Oklahoma. Approval has since been obtained. \n \nAdditionally, the study was expanded to include about 20 additional springs, with \nemphasis on sampling springs that were in areas underrepresented in the original 50 \nsprings study. Also, because spring -owner questionnaires were found to be a good \nmethod of indicating possible flow changes over time, questionnaires were sent to a large \nnumber of spring owners. \n \nMethodology \n \nThe study hinges on the comparison of two dat asets of spring surveys, one collected in \n1981 -1982 and the other collected in 2001. In order to have comparable surveys, the \nmethods used in the 2001 springs survey closely followed those of the previous survey. \nDescriptions of the methods used in the 198 1-1982 surveys are found in the final project \nreport (Matthews et al. 1983), manuscripts (Matthew et al. 1985), and in the field notes \nfrom the project. \n \nField sites. The 50 spring sites were originally selected because they had enough flow to \nbe used as a water supply (with a few exceptions), were good sites for monitoring \nparticular aquifers, and had landowner permission for privately owned sites. The 50 sites \nare located in 29 Oklahoma counties (Figure 1) and in 8 aquifers. \n \nAs in the earlier survey, sp rings were surveyed during the summer. Data and samples \ncollected at each spring included: \n 3 • A description of the spring site. This description included a diagram of the spring, \ndirections to re -locate the site, GPS readings, and information on local land u se, \nalterations to the spring, and the vegetation in and near the spring. \n• Measurement of several physical and chemical parameters: including, pH; water \ntemperature; conductivity; water widths, depths, and velocities. Discharge (the \nquantity of water flow per time, as liters per second) was calculated from the last \nthree variables. \n• Sampling for aquatic invertebrates. Qualitative sampling followed the 1981 -1982 \nsampling protocol and included dip -netting, picking organisms off stones, and \ncollecting leaf pack s, which were preserved and later searched for invertebrates in \nthe laboratory. Additionally, 3 to 6 core samples (diameter = 10.2 cm) were \ncollected at each site. Invertebrate samples were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. \n• Sampling for fish. Springs were se ined with a fine -meshed (3 mm openings) seine \nand representatives of each species caught were preserved in 10% formaldehyde. \nThe majority of captured fish were released. \n Figure 1. Location of the 50 springs sampled in 1981 -82 and in 2001. The calculated discharge of \neach spring during the 2001 sampling is indicated by the symbol marking each spring (see \nlegend). 4 \n \nFigure 2. Location of 24 springs sampled in 2002 -3. Some of the indicated locations are \npairs of nearby springs. \n \n \nLaboratory processing of bio logical samples. Fish samples were rinsed of \nformaldehyde, identified by Dr William Matthews (Curator of Fishes, Sam Noble \nOklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma), and transferred to 70% \nethyl alcohol. The fish samples will be deposited in the fish collection at the SNOMNH. \n \nInvertebrates in the invertebrate samples have been sorted from the substrates and divided \ninto broad taxonomic categories. Chironomids and crayfish are mostly identified and \nidentification of other invertebrates is on going. \n \nQuestionnaires. Owner questionnaires were used to identify springs whose flow patterns \nhad altered over time. Questionnaires were not completed for all sites, especially sites on \npublic lands. Some questionnaires were of little value because own ers had recently \npurchased the property or were not very familiar with their spring. \n \nPrincipal Findings and Significance \n \n1. Data on spring flows and changes in flow between 1981 and 2001 were reported in the \n2001 -2 annual report and are not repeated here . \n \n2. Changes in spring flow over time were accessed for an additional 35 spring locations \nusing questionnaires (no previous flow data were available for these locations). Of these \nsprings, owners reported reductions in flow at 4 locations; no change was r eported at 25 \nlocations and owners did not know at 6 locations. Reductions in flow were associated 5 with increased groundwater use for irrigation (2 spring locations) and siltation of the \nspring (2 spring locations) by their owners. \n \n3. The four springs wit h reduced flow were primarily alluvial springs (in Cimarron, \nCuster, Greer and Woods Counties), although the Greer and Woods County sites may \nhave been associated with bedrock aquifers (Dog Creek Shale & Blaine Gypsum Aquifer \nand Cedar Hills Sandstone Aqui fer, respectively). This supports last year’s finding that \nalluvial aquifers sometimes have flow -impacted springs. \n \n4. The 2001 results indicated reduced flows in springs associated with the Ogallala \nAquifer in Cimarron County. A second map series (Johnson 1983) indicates that the \nsampled Cimarron County sites are alluvial springs and are independent of the Ogallala \nAquifer and, hence, no Ogallala springs in the Oklahoma panhandle were sampled. In \ncontrast, 2 Ogallala -source springs were sampled in Roger Mi lls County and no evidence \nof reduced spring flow was found. Hence, this study showed no evidence of impacted \nflow of Ogallala aquifers in Oklahoma (although only 2 Ogallala -associated springs were \nsampled). \n \n5. Of the 50 springs sampled in 1981 and 2001, 20 contained fish, 36 contained crayfish, \nand 10 contained neither fish nor crayfish. Of the additional 24 springs sampled in 2002 -\n3, only three contained fish and eight contained crayfish. The additional 24 springs \ntended to have lower flow and be more we stern that the original set of 50 springs. \n \n6. The occurrences of fish and crayfish were associated with flow. In the 50 -springs \ndataset, mean flow of fish -containing springs was 34.6 L/s, mean flow of crayfish -\ncontaining springs was 14.4 L/s, and mean flo w of springs with neither fish nor crayfish \nwas 1.0 L/s. \n \n7. Fish composition in springs was associated with the particular aquifer (the source of \nwater) and with the contained watershed (the conduit of fish travel). \n \n8. Eleven species of crayfish were col lected in springs in 2001 -3. This amounts to 41% of \nthe known non -cave-dwelling crayfish species in the state. Crayfish were not identified in \nthe 1981 -2 study, so comparisons with the earlier dataset are limited. \n \n9. Although the fish faunas in most sprin gs changed little over between 1981 and 2001, a \nfew springs had large changes. These changes were either (1) a reduction in diversity (or \napparent loss of fish) that resulted from erosion/siltation, spring drying, or flow diversion \nor, less commonly, (2) a n increase in diversity because of impoundment of the spring and \nfish stocking and colonization of the resultant pond. \n \nSignificance. \nNo evidence of recent reduced flow was found for the majority of the approximately 70 \nsprings included in the 2 -year study . Most springs with apparent reduced flows were \nassociated with various alluvial aquifers, the Trinity Aquifer, or the Vamoosa Aquifer. \n 6 Possible reasons for reductions in spring flows include local increases in groundwater -\nbased irrigation, direct modific ations to the spring (e.g., construction of a forestry road \nover the spring), and land -use effects (e.g., farming and livestock operations resulting in \nsiltation of the spring). \n \nSprings in Oklahoma support a diverse group of organisms, including several s pecies of \nfish, crayfish, and salamanders, and a variety of crustaceans and insects. \n \nBased on the relationship between spring flows and fish presence, reduced flows in \nsprings would likely result in reduced fish diversity and, if flow is sufficiently redu ced, \nthe loss of fish from affected springs. \n \nReferences \nJohnson, K. S. 1983. Maps showing principal ground -water resources and recharge areas \nof Oklahoma. Oklahoma State Department of Health. \n \nMatthews, W. J., J. J. Hoover, and W. B. Milstead. 1983. The b iota of Oklahoma springs: \nNatural biological monitoring of ground water quality. Misc. Publ. Oklahoma Water \nResearch Institute, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. 64 pp. \n \nMatthews, W. J., J. J. Hoover, and W. B. Milstead. 1985. Fishes of Okla homa springs. \nSouthwest Nat. 30:23 -32. \n \n Enhanced Life Cycle Assessment Demonstration at the Tar\nCreek Superfund Site\nBasic Information\nTitle:Enhanced Life Cycle Assessment Demonstration at the Tar Creek Superfund Site\nProject Number: 2002OK3B\nStart Date:3/1/2001\nEnd Date:2/28/2003\nFunding Source: 104B\nCongressional \nDistrict:Oklahoma 1st,3rd,4th\nResearch \nCategory:Social Sciences\nFocus Category: Law, Institutions, and Policy, Economics, None\nDescriptors:Integrated environmental decision-making, risk assessment, benefit-cost analysis,\nlife-cycle assessment, stakeholder processes\nPrincipal \nInvestigators:Robert P Anex, Will J Focht, Chad Settle\nPublication Problem and Research Objectives : \nThe proposed research will develop an Enhanced Life -Cycle Assessment (ELCA) \nframework for the assessment of environmental technologies that will be demonstrated \nby assessing the life -cycle costs and benefits, risks, and sta keholder acceptability of using \ntreatment wetlands for cleanup and restoration at the Tar Creek Superfund site. \nOur overall objective is to develop a systematic process for environmental technology \nassessment that accounts explicitly for the interdependenc e among changes in releases of \npollutants, human health risks, and economic impacts throughout the technology life \ncycle, and that is guided by stakeholder concerns and preferences regarding \nenvironmental management and pollution control. Specific goals o f the proposed \nresearch include: i) development of methods of assessing stakeholder concerns and \npreferences suitable for guiding policy -relevant analyses; ii) to integrate risk assessment \nand benefit -cost analysis methods with life -cycle assessment tech niques; iii) to \ndemonstrate the ELCA framework by producing policy -relevant data regarding the costs, \nbenefits, risks, and stakeholder acceptability of using treatment wetlands at the Tar Creek \nSuperfund site; and iv) to identify priority information nee ds of the decision -making \nprocess to help guide future scientific research. \n \nMethodology : \nThe process of making environmental decisions involving health, societal, and economic \nissues is most commonly supported by three types of analysis: benefit -cost anal ysis \n(BCA), life -cycle assessment (LCA), and human health risk assessment. This project is \nadvancing these analytic methods by integrating them into a coherent ELCA framework. \nThe ELCA framework is both an integrated set of analysis tools that support th e \npolicymaking process as well as a procedure that involves stakeholders in defining the \nanalysis process and therefore involves them in a critical part of policymaking. Involving \nstakeholders in the analysis process is important because stakeholders will not support a \npolicy decision that they do not feel is fully legitimate. \nThe ELCA framework is being used to assess the technical effectiveness of the enhanced \nwetland technology in reducing human health risk through an integrated LCA and risk \nassessment process. The risk assessment process is guided by input from stakeholders \ngathered through survey and interviews. Benefit -Cost Analysis (BCA) is being used to \nassess the net benefit of the proposed use of treatment wetlands at the Tar Creek site. \nIncorpo rating BCA within the ELCA framework assures that the market and non -market \nsite characteristics that are evaluated and included in the analysis are those that are \nimportant to the stakeholders and not simply those that an analyst thinks should be \nimportan t. The BCA is also guided by the results of stakeholder interviews, Q sorts, and \nsurveys. Stakeholder acceptability is being assessed from interviews with stakeholders \nresiding or working near the proposed project site. Statements from these interviews are \nbeing Q sorted by stakeholders in a subsequent interview, and these Q sorts are being \nfactor analyzed to reveal general perspectives on the technologies and to determine \nwhether a conflict exists among these perspectives. Finally, the information regar ding \nstakeholder concerns and preferences regarding the proposed remediation technology \nbeing developed from narrative analysis of the open -ended interview transcripts, Q \nmethodology, and preference ranking are being used to develop a survey instrument. Survey responses are being analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression to \ndetermine stakeholders’ concerns and judgments of the acceptability of the proposed \nremediation technology as well as their willingness to tradeoff benefits and costs to \nimplement the technology. The information regarding stakeholder preferences and \nconcerns is being fed back to guide and inform the three assessment processes (LCA, \nBCA and risk assessment). \n \n \nPrincipal Findings and Significance : \nOf the three assessment exerci ses in this project (social impact assessment; economic \nimpact assessment; environmental risk assessment), the social impact assessment effort \nneeded to be completed first, since it is used to help frame the conduct of the other \ncomponents. This assessmen t was conducted by interviewing selected stakeholders who \nare nearby residents, regulatory officials having responsibility for site remediation, \nexperts who have or are conducting studies of the site, and representatives of various \ninterest groups who perc eive that they have a stake in site remediation. The social impact \nassessment was conducted via two rounds of face -to-face stakeholder interviews \nconducted in the Picher -Cardin -North Miami area surrounding the Tar Creek site. \nCareful analysis of the cogni tive maps from the first round of interviews resulted in the \nconstruction of an aggregate map which incorporates features of all ten maps. Aggregate \nmaps provide a unique perspective by summarizing the schema of a whole social system \ninto one map. Theref ore they are characteristic of the social system and not attributable \nto any individual participant. This map serves to inform our understanding of the \nstakeholders’ perspectives and the preparation of the interviews regarding the wetland \ntreatment system s. \nThe remaining task under the social impact assessment activity is eliciting the \nstakeholders’ reactions to the new wetlands technology and assessing their health \nconcerns through a knowledge assessment. An influence diagram has been prepared for \nuse as the standard for assessing participant knowledge. The results of social impact \nassessment have been used to frame the economic and technological effectiveness \nassessments that are now underway. \nThe economic assessment task has developed an economic valua tion method based on the \nbenefit transfer approach. The model for Tar Creek has been completed but has not yet \nbeen populated with data representing treatment wetland performance. This is the \nremaining task. \nThe risk assessment task was begun by develope d in expert mental model of the Meyer \nRanch site at Tar Creek. Influence diagrams were created to represent the movement of \ncontaminants from mine drainage and the possible exposure pathways of those \ncontaminants to humans. In addition, influence diagrams included socioeconomic factors, \nfuture sediment removal of wetlands, and future development as probable sources of risk \nto humans. Three influence diagrams were created. The first one represents the \nmovement of contaminants from mine drainage without impl ementation of an alkaline \nwetland treatment system. The second represents movement of contaminants through an \nalkaline wetland treatment system until reaching humans, and the third diagram represents the interactions among elements within an alkaline wetla nd system. The \narrows symbolize direct pathways of contaminants to different medias (air, soil, and \nwater), and receptors (animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans) which are \nrepresented by squares. The oval boxes are some of the transport and exposure \nmechanisms of contaminants. The three diagrams provided a general overview of the \nelements affecting the water quality of Mayer Ranch, North Miami, Oklahoma, and \ntherefore, affecting human health. \nSeveral experts on different areas, such as toxicology, wet land science, and water quality \namong others, were identified and interviewed. Dr. Mary Jane Calvey, a toxicologist, \nwetland specialists: Dr. Robert Nairn and Dr. Aisling O'Sullivan, Dr. Dennis Datin and \nMr. David Cates, environmental engineers, and Ms. De nae Athay, an environmental \nscientist were interviewed. Their input, suggestions, and comments helped improve \ninfluence diagrams. \nAll available information from interviews and influence diagrams were collected and \nreviewed to complete the final expert mental model of Mayer Ranch, North Miami \nOklahoma. In addition, influence diagrams representing the existing risk and new risks \ncreated by wetland treatment systems were incorporated in the final expert mental model. \nWithout a doubt, the Mayer Ranch sys tem has a high level of complexity, and so does its \nexpert mental model. It is evident that gaps of knowledge exist when trying to explain \nboth transport mechanisms of metals in different media, and the mechanisms of action \nwithin wetlands. The resulting expert mental model takes into account exposure \npathways of metals until they find their way to humans, but it does not comprise the \nmagnitude of each pathway. Although pathways of metal exposure to humans may \nalways exist regardless of the presence of a wetland treatment system, the difference lies \nin the degree of exposure. For instance, metal concentration moving from a wetland \ntreatment system to humans may be lower in comparison with metal concentrations \ngetting to humans without passing through wet land treatment systems. In addition, \nhuman health risks due to creation of wetlands, future development and socioeconomic \nfactors influence human exposure pathways. This expert mental model tries to \nincorporate all elements affecting the system in questio n. It also provides an image of the \ninteractions of humans within the Mayer Ranch ecosystem, which become highly \nimportant when assessing human health and environmental impacts. \nReferences \nAtman, C., Bostrom, A., Fischhoff, B., and Morga, G., “Designing R isk Communication: \nCompleting Mental Models of Hazardous Processes, Part I”, Risk Analysis , Vol. 14, No. \n5, 1994, pp. 779 -788. \nHoward, R., Knowledge Maps . The Institute of Management Sciences. 1981, pp 903 -922. \nMorgan, M., Risk Communication: A Mental Mode l Approach , New York, 2002. \nRegion VI - Environmental Protection Agency, “Work Plan Mining Waste Remedial \nInvestigation/ Feasibility Study, Tark Creek Superfund Site, Otawa County, Oklahoma”, \nTechnical Report , Brown & Root Environmental, Houston, Texas, Jul y 1995. \n Resistance Tomographic Imaging, Digital Mapping, and\nImmersion Visualization of Evaporite Karst in Western \nOklahoma\nBasic Information\nTitle:Resistance Tomographic Imaging, Digital Mapping, and Immersion Visualization\nof Evaporite Karst in Western Oklahoma\nProject Number: 2002OK4B\nStart Date:3/1/2001\nEnd Date:2/28/2003\nFunding Source: 104B\nCongressional \nDistrict:Oklahoma 4th\nResearch \nCategory:Ground-water Flow and Transport\nFocus Category: Groundwater, Hydrogeochemistry, Methods\nDescriptors:Resisitivity imaging, digital mapping, visualization, evaporite karst, Oklahoma,\ncontaminant transport, groundwater pollution\nPrincipal \nInvestigators:Aondover Tarhule, Thomas Dewers, Rozemarijin Tarhule\nPublication Problem and Research Objective \n \nKarst aquifers are susceptible to contamin ation because surface waters are introduced \ndirectly into the aquifer system through voids, sinkholes, and sinking streams. Once in the \nsystem, the contaminants move rapidly through a network of solution conduits that are difficult, \nexpensive and time cons uming to detect using conventional methods such as well sampling or \ncore drilling. Moreover, these discrete sampling methods have a very high probability of missing \nconduits or contaminant flow paths; the drill core has to be located directly above, or in very \nclose proximity to, the contaminant in order to locate it. Similarly, monitoring wells frequently \nfail to detect contaminants in kart systems because the flow is concentrated preferentially in the \nsolution conduits. The failure to detect the pathways of contaminant movement may pose a \nserious health hazard to the people using the aquifer system. At the same time the physical \ncollapse of subsurface voids may undermine surface structures, causing economic damage, \ninsurance claims, litigation, expensive e ngineering remediation works and, in some cases, even \nloss of lives (Johnson and Quinlan, 1995; Smith, 1997; Johnson, 2001). These considerations, as \nwell as the fact that soluble rocks (gypsum and dolomite) occur within 30 meters below ground \nsurface (m.b .g.s.) in about 10% of the state of Oklahoma, motivated the present study. \n \n The goal of the study therefore is to investigate the feasibility of detecting and mapping \nsubsurface karts voids using electrical resistivity tomography and to use a combined G PS/laser \nrange survey technique to evaluate the positional accuracy of detected voids. The advantage of \nthe resistivity method is that it is non -invasive, rapid and inexpensive relative to a conventional \nwell drilling program. The method also generates ver y fine resolution (nearly continuous) \nresistivity image of the subsurface in two or three dimensions. \n \nStudy Area and Geologic Setting \nThree cave systems, Nescatunga, Corn, and Jester; all located in the gypsum deposits of \nwestern Oklahoma, were investigat ed (Fig. 1). The geology of the Nescatunga area consists of \nPermian age soluble gypsum and red shale beds of the Blaine Formation, which is in \nconformable contact with the underlying Flowerpot Shale and the overlying Dog Creek Shale \n(Miller et al., 2003; S tanley, 2002). Four gypsum beds, two dolomites and intervening clay \nshales comprise the Blaine Formation at this site. Medicine Logde, the lower most gypsum layer \nis overlain by dolomite, followed by the Nescatunga gypsum layer, which contains the cavern \nsystem. Red shales overlie the Nescatunga gypsum and then, topping the red shales, another \nlayer of dolomite. \n \nSeveral cavern systems located in the Permian Cloud Chief Formation including Endless \nCave, collectively make up the Corn Caves in Wasita County (L ooney and Bozeman, 1984). In \nthe study area the Cloud Chief Formation is approximately 300 feet thick and consists of (oldest \nto youngest) Weatherford Dolomite, unnamed shale, a gypsum -anhydrate unit and capped with \nalternating sandstone and shale units. The type locality for the Cloud Chief Formation near \nEndless/Corn Cave reports the gypsum/anhydrite unit as being 100 feet thick (Fay, 1962). The \nCloud Chief Formation is conformable with the underlying Rush Springs Sandstone and the \noverlying Doxey Shale (Miller et al., 2003). \n 2 The third cavern system studied was Jester cave in Greer County. According to Johnson \n(1987, p.47), Jester cave “developed mainly in a 16 -foot-thick gypsum bed in the lower part of \nthe Van Vacter member of the Blaine Formation. In this area, the Blaine consists of about 150 \nfeet of interbedded gypsum, dolomite, and red bed shale.” The total thickness of the Van Vacter \nmember in the Jester cave area is 80 feet. Six principal gypsum beds, numbered sequentially \nfrom 1 through 6, ma ke up the Van Vacter member. A thin dolomite underlies each gypsum \nlayer and, in most places, thin, unnamed shale overlies each of the gypsums. \n \nMethodology \n \n The single channel Sting R1 -IP-SwiftTM resistivity meter with programmable electrodes was \nutilize d for this study. Advanced Geosciences Inc. in Austin, Texas, produces the system. The \nidea is to pass a current of known voltage into the subsurface to be imaged through two current \nelectrodes, and then using a second pair of potential electrodes, measure the potential drop \ninduced by the differential response of earth materials to the penetrating current. The method is \neffective for detecting voids because air -filled voids show up as anomalously high resistivity \nregions on the resisitivity field since air has infinite resitivity. On the other hand, water -filled \nvoids show up as anomalously low conductivity spots owing to the high conductivity of water. \nTo carry out a survey, a CREATOR software is first used to program the desired sequence of \nelectrode switching, corresponding to the array type chosen. Four array types, Wenner,Wenner -\nSchlumberger, dipole -dipole and pole -dipole, were investigated. These array types probe the \nsubsurface in different ways even though they utilize stakes in the same position . For example, \nthe Wenner array takes measurements along several parallel profiles at fixed depths below the \nground surface (e.g. 2 m, 4 m, 6 m). In contrast, the dipole -dipole array makes a much larger \ndensity of sample measurements, which, in principle, improves the resolution of target features. \nSurvey transects were laid out roughly perpendicular to the orientation of known cave passages \nand the resisitvity profile of the subsurface recorded automatically according to the array type(s) \nspecified. GPS c oordinates and elevations of selected points along each transect were obtained \nusing a Trimble ProXRS GPS system. The raw data collected is first used to calculate apparent \nresistivity, which is the weighted average of the resistivity under the four elect rodes. The exact \nformula used depends on the array type. Owing to inhomogeneities in the subsurface, the \napparent resistivity is different from the true resistivity. The modeling software RES2DINVTM \n(Loke and Barker, 1996) was used to obtain the true resis tivity from which anomalously high \n(low) features were interpreted against the known resistivity range of common earth materials. \n \nGround truth was achieved using a novel method. Internal cave morphology was first \nmapped in 3 dimensions using Trimble’s new 4600LS with RTK (real -time kinetic) option, part \nof a GPS package recently purchased by the University of Oklahoma School of Geology and \nGeophysics (SG&G). Our particular package permitted real -time cm -scale accuracy in both the \nhorizontal and vertical di mensions. The ProXRS GPS system was mounted on a tripod near an \nentrance to the cavern system being surveyed, along with the reflectorless laser rangefinder and \ndigital compass (Fig. 2). A DGPS carrier phase location was sited at this initial position. \nDifferential corrections were obtained onsite using the OmniStar system and later via internet \nresources. A series of control points or stations were then located within the cavern itself \nspatially referenced to the GPS position by a series of offsets using m ounted reflectors. \nBeginning at the entrance to the cave, the laser configuration occupied each of these control 3 stations successively, permitting a survey of the surrounding cavern walls (consisting of \nlocations referenced to the control points) to be con ducted. Although positioning error invariably \nincreases with each successive control point occupied within the cavern, we achieved sub -\ndecimeter accuracy in distance and inclination from each control point, and confirmed the \naccuracy by reoccupying control stations. Positioning data was then stored and analyzed using \nGIS (e.g. ESRI ARCVIEW) and CAD. In summary, the steps used in acquiring and utilizing the \ndata are as follows (more details on the procedure may be found in Galen et al (2003): \n \n1. Acquire Carr ier Phase DGPS position outside cave entrance. \n \n2. Survey a series of offset stations from this position into and through the cave using \n laser positioning (in filter mode) and reflectors. \n \n3. Survey cavern wall morphology at sites of interest from surve yed offset stations with \n filter mode off. \n \n4. Export positions to CAD or GIS software for visualization. \n \nSuperimposing the transect of the internal cave passage on a profile of the surface resistivity \nsurvey allowed us to determine both the position and elevation of the cave along the surface \ntransect. Finally, the true position of the cave passage is compared to the resistivity signature of \nthe passage to assess positional accuracy. The assessment consisted of measuring the horizontal \nand vertical depart ure of the resistivity anomaly from the true position of the cave passage. \n \n \nPrincipal Findings and Significance \n \nInternal Cave Mapping \nWe mapped a small portion of Endless Cave in September of 2002. Detailed map of this cave \nmay be found in Looney and Boze man (1984, p.39). In Figure 2, we show the traverse of the \nresistivity survey, the initial DGPS position outside the cave, the surveyed stations, and the data \npoints collected to record cavern morphology, at two scales and in two and three dimensions. \nThese are included with various sources of geographical information systems (GIS), including \ndigital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQ’s), a digital raster graph (DRG) of the USGS 7.5’ Corn, \nOklahoma Quadrangle, and a ten meter resolution digital elevation model (D EM), and assembled \nusing ESRI’s ARCViewTM software. \n \nFigure 3a shows the location of the Endless Cave study site located on Gyp Creek near the \nboundary between Washita and Custer Counties. A base map of surface topography is produced \nby draping a 1meter DO Q over the DEM. In Figure 3b, the horizontal locations of the resistivity \nsurvey and the cave survey station transect are given by intersecting white lines. A cluster of \npoints at this intersection denote more than 50 locations of cave wall, ceiling, and f loor \nmorphology that are used as ground truth for the surface geophysical imaging of the cavern in \nthis locality. A three -dimensional portrayal of this data set is shown in Figure 3c, with the DOQ \ndrape rendered transparent. This image is oriented as north -looking; north -south running section - 4 line roads are visible on the underlying digital raster graph going from the bottom of the image to \nthe horizon at the middle of the image. \n \nThe internal morphology of Nescatunga caves were mapped in July, 2002. In Fig ure 4 we \nshow the two - and three -dimensional GIS of a portion of Nescatunga Cave. Figure 4a shows the \nlocation of the Window study site located south of Highway 15 approximately 20 miles east of \nWoodward in Major Co., Oklahoma. In Figure 3b, the horizontal locations of the resistivity \nsurvey and the cave survey station transect are given by intersecting white lines connecting the \nsurvey points. A cluster of points at this intersection denote approximately 100 locations of cave \nwall, ceiling, and floor morph ology that are used as ground truth for the surface geophysical \nimaging of the cavern. A three -dimensional portrayal of this data set is shown in Figure 4c, with \nthe DOQ drape rendered transparent. The DRG beneath is the 7.5’ USGS Belva, Oklahoma \nquadrangl e. The view is nearly due east -looking. \n \nJester cave was mapped in June 2003. The data are still being analyzed. In any case the \nresults generated so far demonstrate the feasibility of using the GPS laser range finder to map the \ninternal morphology of caves . There are two downsides to this mapping procedure. First, the \nequipment is costly although it is rugged and reasonably mud -proof. Second, the method can \nonly be used to map caves large enough to be entered by humans. On the positive side, the \nmethod offe rs a fast, accurate, and relatively non -intrusive means to map cave position and \nmorphology. It provides “(under)ground truth” for geophysical methods used for cavern \ndetection. \n \nSignificance and Contribution of the Internal Cave Mapping \nOne potential ap plication of our results is that m illimeter -to-cm-scale accuracy achieved with \nthis mapping approach could be used to ascertain the degree to which such cavern systems \nevolve over time scales of decades. \n \nThe following poster based on the results was pres ented at the annual meeting of the \nGeological Society of America. \n \nGalen, M., T. Dewers, and A. Tarhule (2002). Laser positioning and 3 -d mapping of Western \nOklahoma karst. Poster Presented at the Annual meeting of the Geological Society of \nAmerica, Denve r, October 26 -30. \n \nSubsequently, the result was elaborated and a the following paper has been accepted for \npublication in Circular 109 of the Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin.Association \n \nMiller, Galen, T. Dewers, and A. Tarhule (accepted). Laser Posit ioning and 3 -Dimensional \nDigital Mapping of Gypsum Karst, Western Oklahoma, USA. Oklahoma Geological Survey. \n \nAdditional data presently being generated will be incorporated and another paper submitted for \npublication possibly in Cave and Karst Science or in the Journal of Applied Geophysics. \n \nFollowing the poster presentation at the GSA, we have received inquiries from the USGS office \nin Florida about how to use the same approach to map the caves in Florida. A second inquiry 5 came from a Petroluem Geochemis t in Ireland who also wanted to know how to use the approach \nto map their chemical plant. These inquiries testify to the success of our research and the \ndissemination outreach we have achieved. \n \nResistivity Tomography \nERT: Figure 5a shows the resistivity c ross-section near the highway. The plot is based on a \ndipole -dipole array utilizing 7 m electrode spacing. Electrode 14 was located next to an ODOT \ndrill hole (95 m from start of survey transect, labeled C by the ODOT drill team). The depth to \nthe bottom o f the cave (measured in the drill hole) is 21 m. The cavern is approximately 5 m high \nby 10 m wide. This information is used to locate the cave on the resistivity profile. The cave \ncoincides in position with an area of anomalously high resistivity (> 22 00 0 Ohm m), providing \ndefinitive proof of this anomaly as a void. However, the resistivity anomaly is slightly offset to \nthe right of the true position of the cave. An examination of the measured resistivity data points \nrevealed two missing measurements at t his depth. Missing measurements occur during surveys \neither due to a faulty electrode or an inability of the Sting to obtain useable data at that \nmeasurement point. Hence, interpolation over the missing points could have resulted in a shift of \nthe anomaly. Even so, the result is consistent with other investigators (see \nwww.agiusa.com/stingcave.shtml ) that have also reported marginal positional offsets in the true \nlocation of caves detected from resistiv ity profiles. No other resistivity anomalies are detected on \nthis profile. \n \nFigure 5b is a plot of the resistivity cross section near the window entrance. The survey \nutilized a Wenner array with 5 m electrode spacing (equipment failure precluded the use of a \ndipole -dipole array at this site). The plot revealed two anomalies, one in the center of the plot \nwith resistivity > 24 000 Ohm m and a second to the left of the profile, but at the same depth as \nthe first anomaly, with resistivity > 11 000 Ohm m. From the results of the GPS/laser range \nmapping, it was established that the centroid of the cave passage is at electrode 14 (65 m) and the \ndepth to the bottom of the cave is 10 -11 m. The cave itself measured 3 m high by 12 m at this \npoint. Superimposing this i nformation on the resistivity profile confirmed that the anomaly in the \ncenter of image is the target cave passage. Such excellent agreement suggests strongly that the \nsecond anomaly is also most likely a cavern passage. Although not mapped, local cavers w e \nspoke to mentioned a second cave passage parallel to the main one we surveyed and in the \ngeneral location of the anomaly identified. \n \nThese results suggest that ERT is a viable method for detecting subsurface features in the \ngypsum karst of Oklahoma. Maj or findings from the studies described above can be summarized \nas follows: \n \n1. The dipole -dipole array produces high -resolution resistivity profiles that are good for \nimaging cavities. However, the method is prone to “current decay” with a concomitant loss \nof measurement points. This array type appears to be useful for relatively shallow voids but \nit is not possible (nor perhaps even desirable) to determine the maximum depth for which \ndipole -dipole is ideal because of the influence of other factors such as geol ogy and the \nresistivity contrast between the target feature and the host medium. \n 6 2. The Wenner and Wenner -Schlumberger arrays appear to give rather coarse (poorly \nresolved) resistivity signal of the target voids. For example, void signatures in the resistivi ty \nprofile typically extended over 2 -3 times the actual size of the cavity. As a result, the \nlikelihood of missing a void is high if one were to drill to the target cave or feature based on \nthe image detected with these arrays. Finally, the depth penetrati on of these arrays is also \nmore limited than the other methods used. \n \n \n3. The pole -dipole array yielded the best results in terms of depth penetration, detection \nconsistency and image resolution. We have, therefore, adopted and recommend this array \ntype for det ecting cavities in the gypsum karst of Western Oklahoma. The downside to this \nmethod is that the “infinity” electrode has to be separated from the survey transect by about \n5-8 times the length of the survey transect. In closed quarters or small plots this requirement \ncan be a challenge to meet as it increases the number of landowners from whom one has to \nrequest permission. \n \nBased on the experience and confidence gained from the above studies, we proceeded to map \none passage in the Jester Cave system that i s too small to be entered by humans. The data, \nhowever, are still being analyzed. We have also carried out a 3 -D resistivity survey of a part of \nthe Nescatunga cave system and the data are still being analyzed. \nIn terms of dissemination, the results of resistivity tomography generated to date have been \npresented at the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America: \n \nTarhule, A., T. Halihan, T. Dewers, R. Young, A. Witten (2002). Integrated subsurface imaging \ntechniques for detecting cavities in Ok lahoma evaporite karst. Annual meeting of the \nGeological Society of America, Denver, October 26 -30. \n \nA paper has also been accepted for publication in circular 109 of the Oklahoma Geological \nSurvey Bulletin. \n \nTarhule, Aondover, T. Dewers,R. Young, A. Witte n, T. Halihan (accepted) Integrated \nSubsurface Imaging Techniques for Detecting Cavities in the Gypsum Karst of Oklahoma. \nOklahoma Geological Survey. \n \nThe results achieved to date are encouraging and have satisfied several cardinal objectives of the \nstudy. Even so, it is becoming increasingly clear that some of the original objectives will not be \nmet. These include the following: \n \na. It may not be possible to establish definitively the smallest size of cavity that can be \ndetected with resistivity tomography. Th e reason is that detectability depends is a function \nof the interactions of several factors, which defer from one site to another. Proposing a \nnumerical value even based on successful empirical findings at one or a few sites may \ntherefore neither justified nor helpful. \n \nb. We have also not found suitable site for testing the feasibility of detecting vertically stacked \nvoids. 7 c. Finally, we have not evaluated the effect of conduit geometry in amplifying or moderating \nthe resistivity signal. In our experience to da te this objective probably is not justified by the \nresolution achievable with resistivity tomography. \n \nClearly, therefore, the approach has several strengths but some drawbacks. The best possible use \nof our results therefore is to complement traditional a quifer characterization and monitoring \ntechniques. For example, resistivity tomography would be especially useful and cost effective for \ndetermining suitable locations for drilling monitoring wells in karst aquifers. \n \nConclusions \n \nThis study described an innovative approach for mapping caverns in gypsum karst with \nresistivity tomography and then using a three -dimensional digital mapping of the caverns to \nground truth the anomalies detected. The approach is much more rapid and cost effective than \nthe tradi tional approach of drilling to confirm target features. Insights gained from the study are \nuseful for investigating buried karstic features for which prior ground truth is not feasible. The \nstudy demonstrated the feasibility of detecting cave passages with resitivity tomography and \nidentified the most effective array type for the gypsum karst of Western Oklahoma. The results \nof the 3 -D mapping of internal cave morphologies have begun to attract attention within the cave \nmapping community as reflected in the requests we have received so far. Analysis of data \nalready collected to map cave passages that are too small for humans, as well as three -\ndimensional resistivity mapping are continuing. \n \nAcknowledgement \n \nWe acknowledge with gratitude financial support pro vided by the Oklahoma Water \nResources Research Institute (OWRRI), which provided funding for the resistivity equipment. \nAdditional support by Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) Oklahoma \nallowed us to involve several graduate and undergradu ate students in the research. The Oklahoma \nTransportation Center (OTC), also provided funding that enabled us to investigate the different \nthough related aspect of karst geohazards. We thank especially Drs. Gorman Gilbert and Thomas \nLanders (OTC) and Donal d Barrett (ODEQ) for coordinating the research initiatives. We \nacknowledge with gratitude the assistance and cooperation received from the landowners \nincluding Gary and Cinda Innman, Mr. Richard Harris, and Mr. L. Harms. Sue and John \nBozeman introduced us to these caves and the owners and provided valuable background \ninformation. We thank Scott Chistenson (USGS), Curt Hayes (Consulting Geologist for ODOT) \nand Jim Nevels (Chief soil scientist, Materials Division at ODOT) for their cooperation and \nassistance on various aspects. We are grateful to Gaylen Miller for field assistance and support \nprovided by the Oklahoma Geological Survey. Finally, we are pleased to acknowledge the \ncontribution of our field assistants (Mark Jaeger, Zakari Saley -Bana, Julie Turrent ine, Brent \nWilson, and Joseph Zume). \n \n \n \n \n 8 References \n \nFay, R.O., Ham, W.E., Bado, J.T., and Jordan, L., 1962, Geology and mineral resources of \nBlaine County, Oklahoma, Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin vol. 89, pp. 258 -264. \n \nJohnson, 2001. Gypsum karst lea ds to abandonment of a proposed damsite in Oklahoma. \nAbstract, GSA Annual Meeting, November 5 -8. Available online at \nhttp://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_169 11.htm \n \nJohnson, K., and Quinlan, J., 1995, Regional Mapping of karst terrains in order to avoid potential \nenvironmental problems. In Cave and Karst Science, Transactions of the British Cave \nResearch Association vol. 21(2), pp. 37 -39. \n \nJohnson, K.S., 198 7. Geology of Jester Cave. Oklahoma Underground, XIV, 47 -53. \n \nLoke, M.H. and R.D. Barker, 1996. Rapid least -squares inversion of apparent resistivity \npsuedosections by a quasi -newton method. Geophysical Prospecting , 44, 131 -152. \n \nLooney, J. and Bozeman, S. , 1984, Washita County Caves – an Overview. Oklahoma \nUnderground , vol.11, pp. 32 -50. \n \nMiller, Galen, T. Dewers, and A. Tarhule, 2003 (forthcoming). Laser Positioning and 3 -\nDimensional Digital Mapping of Gypsum Karst, Western Oklahoma, USA. Oklahoma \nGeologi cal Survey. \n \nSmith, T.J., 1997. Sinkhole damage investigations for the insurance industry. In Beck, B.F.and \nBrad Stephenson (Editors). The Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology of Karst \nTerranes . A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 299 -304. \n \nStanley, T.M., Miller, G. W. and Suneson, N.H., 2002, Geologic Map of the Fairview 30 X 60 -\nMinute Quadrangle, Blaine, Dewey, Garfield, Kingfisher, Major, and Woods Counties \nOklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Open -File Report 5 -2002. \n \n 9 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nFIGURES \n \n \nFigure 1\nGeneralized Stratigraphic Column\nSystem\nNescatunga Cave\nEndless CaveFormation Features\nElk City Sandstone\nDoxey Shale\nCloud Chief Formation\nRush Springs Sandstone\nMarlow FormationEndless/Corn CaveLower\nUpperPerm\nian\nDog Creek Shale\nBlaine Formation\nFlowerpot Shale\nHennessey GroupNescatunga Cave\n \n \nFigure 1. Locations of the study areas on the Oklahoma state digital elevation model, and a \ngeneralized stratigraphic section of the gypsum members housing the surveyed caves. The grey \nshaded regions outline regions of Oklahoma underlain by gypsu m and susceptible to karst -\nrelated collapse and other hazards (after Johnson and Quinlan, 1995). \n 10 \nFigure 2a Figure 2b \n \nFigure 2A. A co -author (GM) showing the digital mapping method in action, taking a laser \nposition of horizontal distance, v ertical distance, and azimuth to a reflector shot point. The \nreflectorless laser rangefinder, a digital compass, and handheld computer are all mounted on a \nmonopod/tripod assembly Cave graffiti seen in the background unfortunately is a common \noccurrence cl ose to the entrance. B. The other end of the survey: reflection of camera flash is \nseen from abicycle reflector used in laser positioning of cave transects. \n \nFigure 3aFigure 3bEndless Cave Survey Endless Cave GIS\nCave EntranceCave EntranceResistivity SurveyResistivity \n Survey Cave \nMorphology\n Cave \nTransectInitial DGPS\n Position\nInitial DGPS\n PositionGyp Creek\n \n 11 \nFigure 3cEndless Cave 3-D\n Cave\nEntranceResistivity \n Survey Cave \nTransect\n Cave \nMorphology\nInitial DGPS\n Position\n \n \nFigure 3. Results of survey at Endless Cave, part of the Corn Caves in Washita Co., Oklahoma in \nSeptember, 2002. A. Location of study area viewed from the south on draped DOQ/DEM. B. \nTwo-D GIS of cave locations, cave morphology, and surface resistivity survey line discussed by \nTarhul e et al. (2003, this issue). C. Three -D GIS depiction of cavern location beneath ground \nsurface. Contour interval is 2m, and UTM grid shows 50m spacing for scale. \n \n 12 \nFigure 4aNescatunga Cave Survey\nCave Entrance\nResistivity \n Survey\nFigure 4bFigure 4cNescatunga Cave GIS\n Cave \nEntrance\n Cave\nEntranceResistivity \n SurveyResistivity \n Survey\n Cave \nMorphology Cave \nTransect Cave \nTransect\n Cave \nMorphologyInitial DGPS\n PositionInitial DGPS\n Position\n \n \nFigure 4. Re sults of survey at the Window area, Nescatunga Caverns, in Major Co. Oklahoma, in \nJuly, 2002. A. Location of study area viewed from the southwest on draped DOQ/DEM. B. Two -\nD GIS of cave locations, cave morphology, and surface resistivity survey line discus sed by \nTarhule et al. (2003, this issue). C. Three -D GIS depiction of cavern location beneath ground \nsurface. Contour interval is 2m, and UTM grid shows 50m spacing. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 13 \n \n \n \nFigure 5. 2 -Dimensional resistivity cross -sections of the subsurface (a ) near HWY 412 based on \na dipole -dipole array and 7 m electrode spacing, and (b) near the window entrance \nbased on a Wenner array and 5 m electrode spacing. The true locations of the cavern is \nshown on both plots and contours represent resistivity values i n Ohm m. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluating Cost Effective Technologies to Reduce Phosphorus\nLoading to Surface Waters in the Ozark Region\nBasic Information\nTitle:Evaluating Cost Effective Technologies to Reduce Phosphorus Loading to\nSurface Waters in the Ozark Region\nProject Number: 2002OK6B\nStart Date:3/1/2002\nEnd Date:2/28/2003\nFunding Source: 104B\nCongressional \nDistrict:Oklahoma 3rd\nResearch Category: Water Quality\nFocus Category: Non Point Pollution, Economics, Water Quality\nDescriptors:Poultry litter, Phosphorus, pollution, economics, agriculture, watershed \nmodeling\nPrincipal \nInvestigators:Daniel E. Storm, Arthur Louis Stoecker\nPublication\n1. Ancev, Tihmoir, 2003, \"Optimal Allocation of Waste Management Practices with Economic\nImplications for Policies to Regulate Phosphorus Pollution in the Eucha-Spavinaw Watershed\", PhD\nDissertation, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, College of Agricultural and Natural Resource\nSciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 204pp. Evaluating Cost Effective Technologies to Reduce Phosphorus\nLoading to Surface Waters for the Ozark Region\nFinal Report\nSubmitted to:\nOklahoma State University Environmental Institute\nUnited States Geological Survey\nAuthored by:\nDaniel E. Storm, Professor\nArthur L. Stoecker, Associate Professor\nTihomir Ancev, Graduate Research Assistant\nMichael J. White, Research Engineer\nOklahoma State University\nBiosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department\n&\nAgricultural Economics Department\nStillwater, Oklahoma\nJune 24, 2003 ii \nSYNOPSIS \n \nTitle: Evaluating Cost Effective Technologies to Reduce Phosphorus Loading to \nSurface Waters for the Ozark Region \n Investigators: Principal Investigators:\n \nDr. Daniel E. Storm, Professor Dr. Arthur L. Stoecker, Associate Professor Investigators:\n \nTihomir Ancev, Graduate Research Assistant Michael White, Research Engineer \n Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK Congressional District: Oklahoma, Third. \n Descriptors: poultry litter, phosphorus, pollution, economics, agriculture, watershed \nmodeling Problem and Research Objectives: Hydrological and nutrient dynamics analysis \nshows that reduction of exte rnal phosphorus loading to lakes Eucha and Spavinaw in \nthe Ozark region is necessary to mitigate the problem of lake s eutrophication. The \nsources of external phosphorus loading in the watershed are point sources \n(municipalities), non-point sources (agric ulture) and background loading (natural). \nReduction of external phosphorus loading coul d be achieved at both point sources and \nnon-point sources. The main problem treated in the study was to determine how to \nachieve the desired phosphorus r eduction in a manner that would be least costly to the \nsociety as a whole. The research objectives were: \n- Estimate phosphorus loading in the Euc ha/Spavinaw watershed using the SWAT \nmodel and determine the sources and their relative contributions. \n - Evaluate cost effective technologies of phosphorus abatement for both point and \nnon-point sources of phosphorus loading. \n \n- Determine the level of phosphorus abatem ent that would be socially least \nexpensive. \n \n- Determine the most cost effective poultr y litter and land management practices \non a site-specific basis using high-level spatial detail. \n Methodology: The Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin was modeled using Soil and Water \nAssessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate the non-point source nutrient loading to the lakes \nand its origins. State-of-t he-art Geographic Information S ystem (GIS) and weather data \nwere used in the model. Land cover data were developed from satellite imagery and \nground truth data. In addition, high detail daily rainfall estimates were derived from Next \nGeneration Weather Radar (NEXRAD) data and incorporated in the model. iiiNutrient loads for the basin were estima ted using the US Geologic Survey (USGS) \nprogram LOADEST2 using observed water qua lity measurements and stream flow data \nprovided by the City of Tuls a (COT) and the USGS. The hydrologic portion of the model \nwas calibrated using three US GS stream flow stations, and the phosphorus portion was \ncalibrated using data from eight COT water quality stations. \n The economic modeling was based on minimi zing total abatement and environmental \ndamage costs related to phosphorus loading in the Eucha/Spavinaw Basin. Abatement \ncosts were estimated at the point source ( City of Decatur, Arkansas) as the costs of \nchemical treatment to pr ecipitate phosphorus in the municipal wastewater. The \nestimation was conducted by enumerating engineer ing cost data. Abat ement costs were \nalso estimated for the non-point (agricultu ral) sources of phosphorus pollution in the \nbasin, as a reduction of net agricultural inco me under the alternative poultry litter and \nland management practices. The estimation wa s conducted using agricultural statistics \ndata and agricultural enterpris e budgets. The total and marg inal phosphorus abatement \ncosts were derived within a linear pr ogramming optimization framework. \n Environmental damage costs treat ed in the study were the co st of additional drinking \nwater treatment at the City of Tulsa and cost of recreational values of the area lakes. \nOther environmental damages were not cons idered because of t he lack of data and \ntechnical limitations. The costs of additional water treatment for t he City of Tulsa were \nestimated by regression analysis using cost and phosphorus loading data. The costs of \nlost recreational values for the area lakes we re estimated using the travel cost method. \nThe demand for recreation was estimated as a function of phosphorus loading in the \nwatershed using maximum likelihood method. Co st of lost recreational values was \napproximated by the change in consumer su rplus under various phosphorus loading \nlevels. Total and marginal environmental damage costs were estimated as a function of \nphosphorus loading using regression analysis. The level of phosphorus abatement that is least costly to the society as a whole was \ndetermined by equating the marginal abatement and damage costs. At this determined \nlevel of abatement, optimal poultry litter and land management practices were assigned \nto each distinct agricultural land area in t he watershed. Optimal level of abatement was \nalso assigned to the point source. Principal Findings and Significance: The calibrated SWAT model estimated the \naverage annual total phosphorus loading to Lake Eucha to be 49,400 kg/yr, which includes 11,400 kg/yr from the Cit y of Decatur point source for the period 8-1-1998 to 3-\n15-2002, and about 38,000 kg/year fr om the non-point sources. The principal findings \nare: \n- Optimal levels of phosphorus loading under the various policies and technologies \nanalyzed suggest that a reasonable economic target for phosphorus loading from \nthe point and non-point sources could be set in a range of 23,000 to 26,000 kg/ \nyear. It is difficult to se t an exact optimal level of phosphorus loading in the \nwatershed because of inherent uncertainti es with both SWAT and the economic \nmodeling. \n - The use of uniform restriction policie s alone (represented by the Soil Test \nPhosphorus criterion) to regulate litter application and phosphorus loading in the ivwatershed is not an efficient policy. A more efficient outcome is likely if site-\nspecific (i.e. field level) criterion is used. \n - Changing the land use patterns and existi ng land management practices is an \neffective and efficient way to achieve phosphorus-loading reduction. In particular, \nchanging the existing management practices (stocking rates and fertilization) on \nthe overgrazed pastureland is very important for phosphorus reduction. A \nsignificant portion of the row crop (40%) was also found optima lly converted to \nother land use (hay) with less potential for phosphorus runoff. \n \n- Litter management technologies, such as treating poultry litter with alum, were \nfound to efficiently reduce phosphorus loading. \n \n- Transportation of poultry litter within and outside the watershed was found to be \nan important part of the optimal soluti on for reduction of phosphorus loading. \n \n- Abatement of the point sour ce is required to achiev e least cost reduction of \nexternal phosphorus loading in the watershed. \n \n- Results are presented at a high level of spatial detail enabling the use of site-\nspecific policies and targeting to achi eve the most effective and efficient \nreduction of phosphorus loading in the watershed. \n \nPUBLICATIONS \n \nDissertations \n \nAncev, Tihomir, 2003, “Optimal Alloca tion of Waste Managem ent Practices with \neconomic Implications for Policies to R egulate Phosphorus Pollution in the Eucha-\nSpavinaw Watershed “, Ph.D. Dissertation, ” Department of Agricultural economics, \nCollege of Agricultural and Natural Resour ce Sciences, Oklahoma State University \nStillwater, OK, Number of Pages: 204 \nConference Proceedings \n \nAncev, T., Arthur.L. Stoecker and Daniel E. St orm. “Optimal Spatial Allocation of Waste \nManagement Practices to Reduce Phosphorus Pollution in a Watershed”, Selected \nPaper, Annual Meeting of the American Agricultural Economi cs Association, Montreal, \nCanada, 2003. White, Michael J., Daniel E Storm, Sco tt Stoodley, Michael D. Smolen. “Modeling the \nLake Eucha Basin with SWAT 2000.”, Sele cted Poster, TMDL Conference, 2003. \n Ancev, T., Arthur L. Stoecker, and D aniel E. Storm. \"Least-Cost Watershed \nManagement Solutions: Using GIS Data in the Economic Modeling of Phosphorus \nLoading in a Watershed.\", Selected Paper, Annual Meeting of the S outhern Agricultural \nEconomics Association, Mobile, AL, 2003. vAncev, T., Arthur L. Stoecker and Daniel E. Storm. \" Evaluating Cost Effective \nTechnologies to Reduce Phosphorus Loading to the Surface Waters in the Eucha-\nSpavinaw Watershed”, Annual Research Sy mposium, Oklahoma State University \nStillwater, OK, 2003. \nStudents Supported By Project \n \nType Number Discipline \nUndergraduate 2 Biosystems Engineering \nMasters \nPh.D. 2 Agricultural Economics \nBiosystems Engineering \nPost Doc \nTotal 4 \n \n \n \n viTABLE OF CONTENTS\nT A B L E O F C O N T E N T S....................................................... v i\nL I S T O F F I G U R E S ........................................................... i xL I S T O F T A B L E S............................................................ x iP A R T I - S W A T M O D E L S E T U P ................................................1\nINTRODUCTION .......................................................2\nS W A T I N P U T D A T A ....................................................3\nTopography ......................................................3\nS o i l s ...........................................................4L a n d C o v e r.......................................................5W e a t h e r .........................................................7\nR a d a r D e r i v e d R a i n f a l l .......................................8Cooperative Observation Network ..............................9\nSubbasin Delineation ..............................................1 1\nH R U D i s t r i b u t i o n ................................................1 2H R U S l o p e......................................................1 3Ponds ..........................................................1 3\nM a n a g e m e n t.....................................................1 5\nH e a t U n i t s ................................................1 6Litter ....................................................1 6\nCattle Stocking Rate ........................................1 6\nR o w C r o p.................................................1 7F o r e s t ....................................................1 8H a y e d P a s t u r e s ............................................1 8W e l l M a n a g e d P a s t u r e s ......................................1 9Over-grazed or Poorly Managed Pastures ........................1 9\nB r u s h y R a n g e l a n d ..........................................1 9U r b a n ...................................................2 0\nSoil Phosphorus Content ...........................................2 1\nPasture - Soil Phosphorus Content ..............................2 1\nRow Crop - Soil Phosphorus Content ...........................2 2\nPoultry Litter Application Rate ......................................2 5\nCommercial Fertilizer Applications ...................................2 7\nO b s e r v e d S t r e a m F l o w.............................................2 8B a s e f l o w S e p a r a t i o n ..............................................2 9 viiO b s e r v e d L o a d i n g D e v e l o p m e n t .....................................2 9\nF l o w E s t i m a t i o n............................................2 9N u t r i e n t L o a d i n g ...........................................3 1\nP o i n t S o u r c e L o a d i n g s .............................................3 3\nC A L I B R A T I O N .......................................................3 4\nH y d r o l o g i c C a l i b r a t i o n ............................................3 4N u t r i e n t C a l i b r a t i o n ...............................................3 8\nS e d i m e n t .................................................3 9Phosphorus ................................................3 9\nM O D E L L I M I T A T I O N S.................................................4 2\nPART II - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS .............................................4 5\nINTRODUCTION ......................................................4 6\nOverview of the Economic Activity in the Region .......................4 6\nEconomic Changes in the Region from 1980-2000 .................4 6\nSources of Economic Growth from 1980 to 2000 ..................4 7\nChanges in Agricultural Structure, 1980 to 2000 ..................4 9\nS o u r c e s o f A g r i c u l t u r a l S a l e s i n C u r r e n t a n d C o n s t a n t P r i c e s ........5 1\nPolitical and Legislative Overview ...................................5 2\nL e g i s l a t i v e O v e r v i e w........................................5 2R e g u l a t o r y O v e r v i e w........................................5 4Overview of Litigation Actions ................................5 5\nDefinition of the Problems Treated in the Economic Analysis ..............5 7\nCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............6 0\nCOSTS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE PHOSPHORUS\nLOADING ............................................................6 2\nNon-Point Source Phosphorus Abatement Technologies and AssociatedA b a t e m e n t C o s t s .................................................6 2\nReducing Litter Application Rates .............................6 2\nUsing Alum to Reduce Phosphorus Loading ......................6 5\nLitter Application According to Soil Test Phosphorus (STP) .........6 7\nChanges in Land Use Patterns Directed Towards Reduction of PhosphorusL o a d i n g ..................................................6 9Point Source Phosphorus Abatement Technology and AssociatedA b a t e m e n t C o s t s ...........................................7 3\nE N V I R O N M E N T A L D A M A G E C O S T S....................................7 6\nC o s t s f o r A d d i t i o n a l D r i n k i n g W a t e r T r e a t m e n t .........................7 6C o s t s o f R e d u c e d R e c r e a t i o n a l V a l u e s ................................7 9 viiiE s t i m a t e s f o r T o t a l a n d M a r g i n a l E n v i r o n m e n t a l D a m a g e C o s t s ............8 5\nL I N E A R P R O G R A M M I N G S O L U T I O N S ..................................8 6\nPolicy 1 - Using the Litter Management Practices .......................8 8\nPolicy 2 - Applying Litter According to the STP Criterion .................8 9\nPolicy 3 - Mandatory Land Use Conversion ............................9 1\nPolicy 4 - Site Specific (Optimal) Land Use Conversion ..................9 5\nT r a c i n g t h e T o t a l a n d M a r g i n a l A b a t e m e n t C o s t C u r v e ...................9 3S p a t i a l D e t a i l o f O p t i m a l S o l u t i o n s ...................................9 4\nRESULTS FROM THE ALTERNATIVE POLICIES ..........................9 6\nPolicy 1 - Changing Litter Management Practices .......................9 6\nPolicy 2 - Applying Litter According to the STP Criterion ................1 0 9\nS T P T h r e s h o l d o f 1 2 0 ......................................1 0 9Other STP thresholds - 200, 250, 350 ..........................1 1 3\nP o l i c y 3 - M a n d a t o r y ( U n i f o r m ) L a n d U s e C h a n g e .....................1 1 5P o l i c y 4 - S i t e S p e c i f i c ( O p t i m a l ) L a n d U s e C h a n g e ....................1 2 1\nSUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ........................................1 2 8\nR E F E R E N C E S .............................................................1 3 5 ixLIST OF FIGURES\nFigure 1.1 Seamless Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin\nconstructed from U.S. Geographic Survey 1:24,000 DEMs. .......................4\nFigure 1.2 Soil distribution in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw basin. ......................5\nFigure 1.3 Landsat Thematic Mapper derived la nd cover for the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw basin.\nS o u r c e : A p p l i e d A n a l y s i s I n c . ..............................................6\nFigure 1.4 Ground truth locations and selected imag es provided to Applied Analysis Incorporated\nb y O k l a h o m a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y . .............................................7\nFigure 1.5 Example four kilometer resolution Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) precipitation data\nfor the State of Oklahoma, gage biased and archived by the Arkansas-Red Basin RiverForecast Center (ABRFC). ...............................................1 0\nFigure 1.6 National Weather Service Cooperative Observation (COOP) network precipitation and\nt e m p e r a t u r e s t a t i o n l o c a t i o n s n e a r t h e L a k e E u c h a / S p a v i n a w B a s i n . ...............1 1\nFigure 1.7 Four kilometer resolution Next Genera tion Radar (NEXRAD) grid cell centers used to\nd e f i n e w e a t h e r s t a t i o n s i n t h e S W A T m o d e l f o r t h e L a k e E u c h a / S p a v i n a w B a s i n . ....1 1\nFigure 1.8 The Lake Eucha/Spavinaw basin divide d into 68 subbasins. This configuration was used\ni n a l l S W A T m o d e l p r e d i c t i o n s u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e n o t e d ..........................1 2\nFigure 1.9 Pasture HRU slope by s ubbasin. Derived from land cover and 30 m Digital Elevation\nM o d e l ( D E M ) . ...................................................1 4\nFigure 1.10 Subbasins in the Lake Eucha/Spavin aw basin assumed to have a significant number\nof ponds. .............................................................1 5\nFigure 1.11 Mehlich III soil test phosphorus (STP) for pastures and row crop by subbasin for the\nLake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin. Dots indicate poultry house locations. ..............2 5\nFigure 1.12 Poultry litter applied by subbasin and pou ltry house locations (black dots) for the Lake\nE u c h a / S p a v i n a w b a s i n . ..................................................2 7\nFigure 1.13 Active U.S. Geographic Survey stream gage stations used to calibrate the SWAT\nmodel for the Lake Eu cha/Spavinaw Basin. (Red dots repr esent the City of Tulsa water\nquality stations) ........................................................2 8\nFigure 1.15 SWAT calibration regions for the Eucha/Spavinaw Basin (SIM denotes an area that is\nn o t u p s t r e a m o f a g a g e s t a t i o n ) . ............................................3 6 xFigure 1.16 Time-series comparison of stream flow at Spavinaw Creek gage for the period 8/1/1998\nto 3/15/2002. ..........................................................3 7\nFigure 1.17 Time-series comparison of stream flow at Spavinaw Creek gage for the period 8/1/1998\nto 3/15/2002. ..........................................................3 8\nFigure 2.1. Population and Income Growth in th e Benton County, Arkansas and Delaware County,\nO k l a h o m a A r e a ........................................................4 7\nFigure 2.2. Wage and Proprietors Earning by Sector from Benton and Delaware Counties in\n1999-2001 Dollars ......................................................4 8\nFigure 2.3. Agricultural Sales and Expenditures for Benton and Delaware Counties in Current and\nin 1999-2001 Prices .....................................................5 0\nFigure 2.4. Agricultural Sales of Crop and Livest ock Commodities from Benton and Delaware\nCounties in 1999-2001 Dollars ............................................5 1\nFigure 2.5. Broiler Production in Benton Co., AR, and Delaware Co., OK., 1987-1995 ......5 2\nFigure 2.6. Agricultural Land Area by Land Uses in the Eucha-Spavinaw Watershed .......6 9\nFigure 2.7. Geosmin and MIB Concentration and Taste and Odor Complaints .............7 7\nFigure 2.8. Number of Annul Recreational Visits to Eucha-Spavinaw State Parks ..........7 9\nFigure 2.9. Number of Annul Recreational Visits to All State Parks in North Eastern Oklahoma\n............................................................................8 0\nFigure 2.10. Illustrative Example of Consumer Surplus ...............................8 1\nFigure 2.11. Changes in Consumer Surplus from Recreation under Various Levels of Phosphorus\nConcentration in the Lakes due to Changes in the Maximum Willingness-to-Pay .....8 3\nFigure 2.12. Marginal Abatement and Marginal Damage Costs for Policy 1 ...............9 8\nFigure 2.13. Marginal Abatement and Damage Costs for Policy 3 ......................1 1 7\nFigure 2.14. Marginal Abatement and Damage Costs for Site Specific Land Use Change Policy .\n...........................................................................1 2 3 xiLIST OF TABLES\nTable 1.1 Estimates of the number of cattle in the basin derived from National Agricultural Statistics\nService (NASS) and those used in the SWAT Model (pasture grazing only) assumingd i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f a n i m a l s . ................................................2 0\nTable 1.2 Soil test phosphorus observations for row crops and small grains in Delaware county,\nOklahoma. Source: Oklahoma State Soil, Water & Forage Analytical Laboratory 1994-2001 ..................................................................2 3\nTable 1.3 Soil test phosphorus observations for row crops and small grains in Benton county,\nArkansas. Source: University of Arkansas Soil Testing and Research Laboratory 1999-2001.\n.....................................................................2 4\nTable 1.4 Annual poultry litter production by house in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin and\nf r a c t i o n a l c o m p o s i t i o n b y o p e r a t i o n t y p e . ( B r o i l e r s a s s u m e d 5 b a t c h e s p e r y e a r ) .....2 6\nTable 1.5 Poultry litter production in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin by operation type. ...2 6\nTable 1.6 Average fraction nutrient concentration of poultry litter produced in Lake\nE u c h a / S p a v i n a w B a s i n . ..................................................2 6\nTable 1.7 Available period of record at U.S. Geographic Survey stream gage stations. ......2 8\nTable 1.8 Observed average flow and baseflow fractions as determined by the HYSEP sliding\ninterval method. ........................................................2 9\nTable 1.9 Model type, estimated observed phosphorus load, and water quality data observations by\nstation using Loadest2 (includes both point and nonpoint sources). ................3 2\nTable 1.10 City of Decatur, Arka nsas point source average daily load for the period 1-98 to 3-02.\n.....................................................................3 3\nTable 1.11 Parameter modifications made to calib rate the hydrologic portion of the SWAT model.\n.....................................................................3 6\nTable 1.12 Average annual results for the hydrologi c calibration of the SWAT model at each USGS\ns t r e a m f l o w g a g e . .......................................................3 7\nTable 1.13 Minimum C Factor and SWAT predicted sediment loss by land cover for the Lake\nEucha/Spavinaw basin for the period 1-1-98 to 3-15-2002. ......................3 9 xiiTable 1.14 Observed and SWAT predicted averag e nonpoint source (NPS) annual nutrient load at\nCity of Tulsa water quality stations for the period January 1998 to March 2002. City ofDecatur point source loading removed from rele vant stations assuming load is 90% soluble\nand is not modified instream. High flow sample is defined as three times the average flow;a maximum of two high flow samples are count ed for each day. Relative weight is based on\nthe number of high flow samples and the area above the station. .................4 1\nTable 1.15 Management parameters used to calibrate the nutrient portion of the SWAT model. \n.....................................................................4 1\nTable 2.1. Comparison of Changes in Earnings by Sector Between 1980 and 2000 in Benton and\nD e l a w a r e C o u n t i e s......................................................4 9\nTable 2.2. Alternative Litter Application Rates for Agricultural Land Uses and Quantity of Nitrogen\nApplied under N-Replacement (N w. replac.) and no N-Replacement (N w/o replac)s t r a t e g i e s i n t h e E u c h a - S p a v i n a w W a t e r s h e d ( a l l r a t e s i n k g / h a ) ..................6 3\nTable 2.3. Prices, Costs and Conversion Factors Used in Estimating Income from Agricultural\nActivities in the Eucha -Spavinaw Watershed .................................6 5\nTable 2.4. Average Characteristics of the Effluent from the City of Decatur Sewage Treatment Plant\nfor the period 1/31/1990 to 3/31/2001 .......................................7 1\nTable 2.5. Results from the Linear Program Runs for Policy 1 ......................... . 9 6\nTable 2.6. A Summary of the Abatement and Damages Costs and their Sum from a Policy of\nchanging Litter Management Practices and Point Source Abatement ...............9 7\nTable 2.7. Litter Application Rates and the Choice of Nitrogen Replacement by Commercial\nFertilizer for the HAY and WPAS Under Policy 1 .............................9 9\nTable 2.8. Litter Application Rates and the Choice of Nitrogen Replacement by Commercial\nFertilizer for the OPAS and WWHT Under Policy 1 ..........................1 0 0\nTable 2.9. Use of Alum for HAY and WPAS Under Policy 1 .........................1 0 1\nTable 2.10 . Use of Alum for the OPAS and WWHT Under Policy 1 ...................1 0 2\nTable 2.11. Transportation of Litter and Use of Alum Treated Litter for the Three Levels of\nPhosphorus Loading Under Policy 1 .......................................1 0 2\nTable 2.12. Optimal Litter Application by Averag e Slope of the Agricultural Land for Hay and\nW e l l - m a i n t a i n e d P a s t u r e U n d e r P o l i c y 1....................................1 0 4 xiiiTable 2.13. Optimal Litter Application by Average Slope of the Agricultural Land for Overgrazed\nP a s t u r e a n d R o w C r o p U n d e r P o l i c y 1 .....................................1 0 5\nTable 2.14. Optimal Litter Application by Soil Type for Hay Under Policy 1 ............1 0 6\nTable 2.15. Optimal Litter Application by Soil Type for Well-maintained Pasture Under Policy 1\n...........................................................................1 0 7\nTable 2.16. Optimal Litter A pplication by Soil Type of the Agricultural Land for Overgrazed Pasture\nU n d e r P o l i c y 1 ..............................................................1 0 8\nTable 2.17. Optimal Litter Application by Soil Type for Row Crop Under Policy 1 ........1 0 8\nTable 2.18. Litter Application Rates and Nitrogen Replacement by Land Uses for the Policy that\nRestricts Litter Application only to Soils with STP < 120 ............................1 1 1\nTable 2.19. Average Phosphorus Runoff from Agricultural Land Uses if no Nitrogen is Applied\n...........................................................................1 1 1\nTable 2.20. Litter Application Rates and Nitrogen Replacement by Soil Types for the Policy that\nRestricts Litter Application only to Soils with STP < 120 ............................1 1 2\nTable 2.21. Litter Application Rates and Nitroge n Replacement by Land Slopes for the Policy that\nRestricts Litter Application only to Soils with STP < 120 ............................1 1 3\nTable 2.22. Net Income on the Watershed Level, P hosphorus Loading and Transportation of Litter\nf o r V a r i o u s T h r e s h o l d L e v e l s o f S T P ............................................1 1 4\nTable 2.23. Litter Application Rates and Nitrogen Replacement by Threshold Values of STP.\n...........................................................................1 1 5\nTable 2.24. Results from the Linear Program Runs for the Simulated Mandatory Land Use Change\nP o l i c y .....................................................................1 1 6\nTable 2.25. Litter Application Rates for Three Leve ls of Allowed Phosphorus Loading, for Hay and\nWell-maintained Pasture Land Uses under the Policy of Mandatory Land Conversion ......1 1 7\nTable 2.26. Alum Use Under the Policy of Mandatory Land Use Change ................1 2 0\nTable 2.27. Alum Use by Soil Types (all land uses) for Policy of Mandatory Land Use Change\n...........................................................................1 2 1\nTable2.28. Results from the Linear Program Runs for the Simulated Site Specific Land Use Change\nP o l i c y .....................................................................1 2 2 xivTable 2.29. Optimal Land Conversion of Overgrazed to Well-maintained Pasture and of Row Crop\nt o H a y f o r t h e T h r e e L e v e l s o f P l o a d i n g f o r S i t e - S p e c i f i c L a n d U s e C h a n g e P o l i c y .......1 2 4\nTable 2.30 Litter Application Rate s by Original Land Uses for the Three Levels of Allowed P\nloading, for the Site Specific Land Use Change Policy ...............................1 2 4\nTable 2.31. Alum Use on Land Area by Original Land Uses for the Three Levels of Allowed P\nloading, by Litter Application Rates for the Site Specific Land Use Change Policy ........1 2 5\nTable 2.32. Optimal Conversion of Overgrazed Pastur e to Well-maintained Pasture by Soil Type for\nthe Optimal (24.5t.) and Minimum (18 t.) P loadi ng for the Site Specific Land Use Change Policy\n...........................................................................1 2 7\nTable 2.33. Optimal Conversion of Row Crop to Ha y by Soil Type for the Optimal (24.5t.) and\nM i n i m u m ( 1 8 t . ) P l o a d i n g f o r t h e S i t e S p e c i f i c L a n d U s e C h a n g e P o l i c y................1 2 7\nTable 2.34. Optimal Land Conversion of Overgrazed Pasture to Well-maintained Pasture and Row\nCrop to Hay, for the Optimal and Minimum P loading rate, for the Site Specific Land Use ChangeP o l i c y .................................................................... 128 1PART I\nSWAT MODEL SETUP 2INTRODUCTION\nLakes Eucha and Spavinaw water quality is being de graded from excess algal growth. This excess\ngrowth is the result of an overabundance of nut rients in the lake, assumed to be primarily\nphosphorus. Phosphorus loads originate from either point sources, such as the City of Decaturmunicipal waste water treatment plant, or from nonpoint sources like pastures. The majority of the\nphosphorus loading has been attributed to nonpoi nt sources (Wagner and Woodruff, 1997; Storm\net al., 2001). Fields in the Lake Eucha ba sin have received phosphorus from poultry litter\napplication for many years. Poultry litter is often applied to meet the crop’s nitrogen requirements.When phosphorus in excess of what the crop can use is applied, phosphorus builds up in the soil.Runoff extracts soluble phosphorus from the soil and litter, and carries sediments containing\nphosphorus to the lakes. The SWAT (Soil and Wa ter Assessment Tool) model was used to predict\nhow external loads are affected by management changes. 3SWAT INPUT DATA\nGIS data for topography, soils, land cover, and streams were used in the SWAT model. These data\nused were the most current at the time of compilation. Observed daily rainfall and temperature datawere used in all modeling. \nAn ArcView GIS interface is available to generate model inputs from commonly available GIS data.\nThese GIS data are summarized by the interface and c onverted to a form usable by the model. GIS\ndata layers of elevation, soils, and land use ar e used to generate th e input files. Observed\ntemperature and precipitation can be incorporated. If no observed weather data are available,weather can be stochastically simulated.\nTopography \nTopography was defined by a Digital Elevation M odel (DEM). DEMs for the United States are\navailable for downloading via the Internet. The DEM was used to calculate subbasin parameters\nsuch as slope, slope length, and to define the st ream network. The resulting stream network was used\nto define the layout and number of subbasins. Charact eristics of the stream network, such as channel\nslope, length, and width, were all derived from the DEM.\nIndividual 1:24,000 thirty meter DEMs were stitched together to construct a DEM for the entire\nbasin. When tiled, 1:24,000 DEMs often have missing data at the seams. These missing data mustbe replaced. A 3x3 convolution filter was applie d to the DEM to produce a seamless filtered DEM.\nAny missing data at the seams of the original DE M were replaced with data from the filtered DEM.\nThe resulting seamless DEM retains as much non-filtered data as possible (Figure 1.1). Filtering 4\ntends to remove both peaks and valleys from a DE M thereby reducing the perceived slope. For this\nreason the use of filtered data were kept to a minimum.\nFigure 1.1 Seamless Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin\nconstructed from U.S. Geographic Survey 1:24,000 DEMs.\nSoils \nSoil GIS data are required by SWAT to define soil characteristics. SWAT uses STATSGO\n(State Soil Geographic Database) data to define soil attributes for any given soil. The GIS datamust contain the S5ID (Soils5id number for US DA soil series), or STMUID (State STATSGO\npolygon number) to link an area to the STATSGO database. \nThe soils layer was derived from two separate GIS coverages (Figure 1.2). The Oklahoma\nportion is 200-meter resolution MIADS (Map Information Assembly and Display System) data 5\nfrom the Oklahoma Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). The Arkansas portion is a\n1:20,000 order II soil survey digitized by the University of Arkansas.\nFigure 1.2 Soil distribution in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw basin. \nLand Cover\nLand cover is perhaps the most important GIS data used in the model. The land cover theme affects\nthe amount and distribution of pasture, row crop, and forest in the basin. These land covers areradically different. Forested areas contribute little to the nutrient loading, while pastures and rowcrops are thought to be the primar y source of nutrients entering the lakes. Row crop in this basin is\nassumed to be green beans followed by winter wh eat, based on the observations of Delaware County\nCooperative Extension agent Jason Hallenbeck. \nIt is important that land cover data be based on the most current data available, since land cover\nchanges over time. Land cover was derived from 30 meter Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery, digital aerial\nphotos, and 45 ground truth data points provided by Oklahoma State University (OSU) (1.4). 6\nImagery for June 12, 2001 was obtained and classi fied by Applied Analysis Inc. (AAI). An\nunsupervised iterative self-organizing data anal ysis (ISODATA) clustering algorithm was applied\nby AAI to define spectral categories. After se veral iterations these categories combined into\nindividual land covers. The report of the AAI classification is located in Appendix 1.1. \nFigure 1.3 Landsat Thematic Mapper derived land cover for the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw basin.\nSource: Applied Analysis Inc. 7\nFigure 1.4 Ground truth locations and selected images provided to Applied Analysis\nIncorporated by Oklahoma State University. Starting upper right and progressing clockwise, the\nland covers depicted are range, row crop, well managed pasture, and hay. \nWeather\nSWAT can use observed weather data or simulate it using a database of weather statistics from\nstations across the United States. Observed daily precipitation and minimum and maximumtemperature were used in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw model. A combination of Next GenerationWeather Radar (NEXRAD) radar derived precipitation and Cooperative Observation networkgage data were used in the SWAT model for the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw basin. 8Radar Derived Rainfall\nNEXRAD Weather Surveillance Radar 88D (WSR-88D) derived precipitation estimates were\nincorporated into the SWAT model. WSR-88D Precipitation data were gage biased and archivedby the Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center (ABRFC). These data have a resolution of 4\nkm and are available from the ABRFC website in Network Common Data Form (NetCDF)format. These data are available in 1 hour, 6 hour, and 24 hour increments. SWAT requires dailyrainfall, however the 24 hour increment data from the ABRFC runs from 6 am to 6 am CentralStandard Time (CST). Daily data (12 am -12 am CST) were summarized from the 6 hourincrement data for use in SWAT. Daylight-saving time was ignored to simplify thesecalculations.\nA significant amount of conversion is required to use the NEXRAD weather data in SWAT.\nNetCDF format is most commonly used on a UNIX platform and thus PC compatible tools are\nscarce. A PC compatible text translator ncdumps.exe was written by the NOAAs Geophysical\nFluid Dynamics Laboratory. This translator wa s called from a batch file to convert 6 hour\nincrement NetCDF files to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) text. \nA set of custom programs written in Microsoft Visual Basic were used to used to view andextract data covering the basin. Figure 1.5 cont ains a graphical representation of one 6 hour\nNEXRAD cumulative precipitation grid. The 1994 to 2002 precipitation estimates used inSWAT were derived from over 10,000 such grids. 9Cooperative Observation Network \nNational Weather Service COOP (Cooperative Observ ing Network) station data from 27 stations\nfrom 1/1/1950 to 3/31/02 were used to suppl ement the NEXRAD weather data (Figure 1.6). \nCOOP data are available from the NOAA (Nati onal Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).\nCOOP data are seldom continuous for long periods of time. Missing days and even months are\ncommon. The period of record at stations are inconsistent, so the number of active stationschanges with time. When SWAT detects missing data at a station, it generates simulatedweather. Therefore, gaps in a station’s record were filled using interpolated data fromsurrounding stations.\nDue to the inclusion of NEXRAD data, temper ature and precipitation processing methods were\ndifferent. Temperature was only interpolated to patch the period of record at existing stations. \nBecause SWAT requires a fixed network of weathe r stations, precipitation data were interpolated\nto the same grid as NEXRAD data (Figure 1.7). This grid interpolated precipitation data wereprepared for the period 1/1/1950 to 3/31/02. These interpolated data were used exclusivelybefore 1994 and used to patch holes in the subsequent NEXRAD data. Because of the largeamount of data associated with these weather files, all processing and formatting was done usingcustom programs written in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) and Microsoft Excel. 10\nFigure 1.5 Example four kilometer resolution Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) precipitation\ndata for the State of Oklahoma, gage biased and archived by the Arkansas-Red Basin River\nForecast Center (ABRFC).\nFigure 1.6 National Weather Service Cooperative Observation (COOP) network precipitation\nand temperature station locations near the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin. 11\nFigure 1.7 Four kilometer resolution Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) grid cell centers used\nto define weather stations in the SWAT model for the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin.\nSubbasin Delineation\nThe subbasin layout was defined by SWAT using the DEM, a stream burn-in theme, and a table of\nadditional outlets. The stream burn-in theme consists of digitized streams. Its purpose is to helpSWAT define stream locations correctly in fl at topography. A modified reach3 file from the US\nEnvironmental Protections Agency’s BASINS (B etter Assessment Science Integrating Point and\nNon-point Sources) model was used. The theme was modified to remove the outline of both lakes,\nwhich the model confused with a stream path. Model predictions are only available at subbasinoutlets, so additional outlets were added at points of interest such as gage stations, water quality\nstations, or lake boundaries. A stream threshol d value of 1000 ha was used to delineate subbasins.\nThreshold area is the minimum contributing upland area required to define a single stream. Theresult is 68 subbasins (Figure 1.8). Fewer subbasi ns would simplify the modeling process, but this\nlevel of detail was needed to adequately represent the basin. 12\nHRU Distribution \nEach of the 68 subbasins was split into HRUs (Hydraulic Response Units) by SWAT. The land\nuse [%] over subbasin area threshold was changed from the default 20% to 1%. This threshold\ndetermines the minimum percentage of any land cover in a subbasin that will become an HRU. The soil class [%] over subbasin area was also reduced from its default value of 20% to 10%. \nBy reducing these thresholds, the number of HRUs was increased to 1052.\nFigure 1.8 The Lake Eucha/Spavinaw basin divided into 68 subbasins. This configuration was\nused in all SWAT model predictions unless otherwise noted. 13HRU Slope\nOne weakness of the SWAT 2000 Arcview Interface is that slope is considered uniform for all\nHRUs in a given subbasin. Forest and pasture HRUs are modeled using the same slope, when in\nreality they may be radically different. To elimin ate this weakness, slopes were estimated from the\nDEM for each land cover in each subbasin manually. We derived slope for row crop/small grains\nonly from fields larger than 10 acres, because it is unlikely that anyone would cultivate an area any\nsmaller. These smaller areas are likely missclassifi cations in the land cover data. Forested areasin\nthe basin had an averaged slope of 14.7 % while pasture (Figure 1.9) and row crop averaged 5.2 and\n2.5%, respectively. \nPonds\nPonds affect the hydrology by impounding water and tr apping nutrients. Water in ponds is subject\nto evaporation and seepag e into the shallow aquifer. Nutrients and sediment settle out and are\ntrapped. Test runs using the SWAT model indicate ponds significantly reduced nutrient andsediment concentrations.\nBecause of the difficulty associated with c ounting ponds in each subbasin, ponds were assumed\nuniformly distributed in agricultural portions of th e basin. Heavily forested areas were assumed to\nhave no ponds (Figure 1.10). All ponds in a single Beaty Creek subbasin were counted andsummarized. These ponds were defined from 1: 24,000 USGS DRG (Digital Raster Graphic). This\nlevel of detail was required to define the majority of ponds. These estimates were applied to allsubbasins considered to have ponds. Other subbasins with similar land cover appeared visuallysimilar, indicating that ponds are somewhat uniformly distributed throughout pasture areas in thebasin. Of the total area in each subbasin, 20% wa s routed through ponds. Total surface area of all\nponds in a subbasin was estimated as 0.32% of the total area of that subbasin. Each pond was 14\nassumed to have an average depth of 1.5 meters. \n \nFigure 1.9 Pasture HRU slope by subbasin. Derived fr om land cover and 30 m Digital Elevation\nModel (DEM). 15\nFigure 1.10 Subbasins in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw basin assumed to have a significant number\nof ponds. \nManagement\nSWAT defines management as a series of indivi dual operations. The timing of these operations may\nbe defined by a date, or as a fraction of the tota l heat units required by the crop. Each land cover\nis assigned a set of management operations. Following is a list of land covers and their relativecoverage of the watershed as depicted in the SWAT Model:\n• Forest 51.3%\n• Hayed Pastures 13.3%• Well Managed Pastures 23.1%• Over-grazed or Poorly Managed Pastures 6.5%• Brushy Rangeland 0.1%• Urban 1.3%• Water 1.7%• Row Crop 2.6% 16Heat Units\nHeat unit scheduling is the default. Heat units are accumulated when the average daily temperature\nexceeds the base temperature of the crop. The base temperature is the minimum temperaturerequired by the plant to grow. The amount of h eat units accumulated each day is equal to the\naverage daily temperature minus the base temperatur e of the plant. When no plants are growing the\nmodel uses a base temperature of 0\no C and keeps a separate running total. This base 0oC running\ntotal is used to schedule planting dates because no heat units can be accumulated until plant growth\nbegins.\nLitter \nLitter application rate was varied by land cover w ithin each subbasin. Hay pasture received the base\nlitter application rate. Poorly managed pastures received 70% of the base rate, while well managed\npastures receive 130% of the base rate. Row crop received litter to supplement commercial fertilizer\nnitrogen application rates to recommended levels.\nPasture management is not uniform across the ba sin. The amount of litter applied in each subbasin\nis different. The SWAT interface was not used to generate these management files (.mgt), because\nthat required each file to be manually modified. Th ere is one management file for each of the 1052\nHRUs. With multiple management changes, the task would be daunting. Therefore, a program waswritten to create files identical in format to those generated by the ArcView SWAT interface. \nCattle Stocking Rate\nTo verify the stocking rate used for pastures in th SWAT model, we estimated the actual number of\ncattle in the basin. County level National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) cattle estimates 17for the period 1998-2001 were combine with land cove r data to estimate the number of cattle within\nthe basin. We assumed that cattle are evenly distri buted across all pastures in Delaware and Benton\ncounties. From these data we estimate the number of cattle and calves in the basin to be 39,000 head.\nThe SWAT model does not simulate individual cattle . Instead a daily biomass removal and manure\napplication are used to represent the presence of a grazing cow. The amount a cow will consumedepends on the type and growth stage of the cow in question. Because there are many different types\nof cattle in the basin, we use the animal unit con cept. Stocking rates are often expressed as animal\nunits. One animal unit could be expressed as a co w and calf pair or two-400 lb stockers; both would\nconsume a similar amount of grass. The total num ber of animal units simulated on pastures in the\nmodel is 24,500. Wheat is not included in this es timate because it is winter and spring grazing only,\nand thus this is a conservative estimate. Since th e NASS derived estimate is the number of cattle and\ncalves, these estimates are not directly comparable without assuming a specific type of animal(Table 1.1). The assumption of a 600 lb stocker cattle yields 35,000 head used in the SWAT model\nand a 10% error in the number of cattle simulated in the basin.\nRow Crop\nRow crop areas were managed as a winter wheat/g reen bean rotation. Grazing is suspended when\ndry biomass falls below 600 kg/ha (approximately 5 inch standing forage; OSU ExtensionPublication F-2586). Below are the row crop operations and dates used in the SWAT model.Operation\nDate\nGrazing ½ Animal Unit/Acre 2/15\nLitter Application 3/1Harvest/Kill Wheat 5/1Spring Plowing 5/4Plant Green Bean 5/15Harvest/Kill Green Bean 8/1 18Commercial Fertilizer Application 8/5\nFall Plowing 8/10Plant Wheat 9/1Grazing 1/3 Animal Unit/Acre 11/1\nGrazing on winter wheat was simulated at a stocking rate of 0.33 animal units per acre (Kansas State\nUniversity Research and Extension Forage F acts Grazing Wheat Pasture), with 9.35 kg of dry\nbiomass consumed and 3.0 kg of dry manure depos ited per hectare (ASAE D384.1). Any time there\nis less than 1600 kg for well managed pastures and 600 kg/ha for poorly managed or over grazedpastures (dry weight) of biomass per hectare grazing is suspended. \nForest\nOnly minor modifications to the default management for forested areas were made. Ideal forest\nmanagement would have contained no harvest ope ration. However, this operation was required to\nincrease temporal stability. Operation\nHeat Units\nPlant 0 \nHarvest 1.2\nHayed Pastures \nA cool season grass was selected as the cover for hay pastures in the model. No grazing was\nsimulated on hay pastures. Hay pastures receive the base litter application rate. The operations arelisted below:Operation\nDate\nPlant 1/1\nApply Litter 2/1Cut Hay 4/1Cut Hay 6/1Cut Hay 8/1\nWell Managed Pastures 19Well managed pastures are simulated as lush pastures in good condition. Fertilization rate are\nincrease to 130% of the base litter application ra te, and curve numbers are reduced accordingly.\nGrazing is suspended when dry biomass falls belo w 1600 kg/ha (4-5 inches of dense cool season\ngrass, Iowa State University Extension, Estimating Available Pasture Forage ). Stocking rate is\nsimulated at 1/3 AU/acre for 300 days.Operation\nDate\nPlant 1/1\nApply Litter 2/1Graze 3/1\nOver-grazed or Poorly Managed Pastures\nPoorly managed pastures are simulated as under fertilized pastures in poor condition. Fertilization\nrates are decreased to 70% of the base litter a pplication rate, and curv e numbers are increased.\nGrazing is suspended when dry biomass falls below 300 kg/ha (1 inch of fair condition cool season\ngrass (Iowa State University Extension, Estimating Available Pasture Forage ). Stocking rate is\nidentical to that of well managed pastures.Operation\nDate\nPlant 1/1\nApply Litter 2/1Graze 3/1\n \nBrushy Rangeland\nLike forests, only minor modifications to the default management for rangeland were made.\nRangeland was the most temporally unstable land cover simulated. The addition of a harvestoperation increased the temporal stability, but as this cover represents only 0.1% of the basin furthermodification was deemed unnecessary. Operation\nHeat Units\nPlant 0 \nHarvest 1.2 20Used in SWAT \n(Animal Units)Type of animal Animal Units \nPer AnimalEquivalent \nAnimals in SWATNASS Estimate \n(Animals)Difference\n24,500 Adult Cow 1 24,500 39,000 -37%\n24,500 600 lb stocker 0.7 35,000 39,000 -10%24,500 Cow calf pair 1 49,000 39,000 26%24,500 300 lb stocker 0.4 61,250 39,000 57%Urban\nUrban parameters are not defined by the management . Management defines c over for pervious areas.\nOperation Date\nPlant 1/1\nTable 1.1 Estimates of the number of cattle in the basi n derived from National Agricultural Statistics\nService (NASS) and those used in the SWAT Mode l (pasture grazing only) assuming different types\nof animals. 21\nSoil Phosphorus Content\nTwo distinctly different methods were used to estimate soil phosphorus content. Pasture and row\ncrop soil phosphorus content were estimated using obser ved soil test data STP for forested area was\nnot used directly in the SWAT model, but instead was used as a calibration parameter. \nPasture - Soil Phosphorus Content\nObserved soil test data were used to estimate th e soil phosphorus content for pasture portions of each\nsubbasin. Pasture soil samples collected by the Oklahoma Conservation Commission in 1998 andanalyzed by the Oklahoma State University (OSU) Soil, Water & Forage Analytical Laboratorywere used for the Oklahoma portion of the waters hed, which resulted in an average STP of 170 lb\nP/acre. Soil samples for the Arkansas portion of the basin were provided by the Arkansas Soil and\nWater Conservation Commission. These data were collected by the Benton County Conservation\nDistrict during 1994 through 1997 and analyzed by the University of Arkansas Soil and WaterLaboratory. A mean of 334 lb P/acre was derived from 261 pasture soil samples of Benton County.\nSoil test phosphorus (STP) data for Oklahoma and Arka nsas were analyzed in different labs using\nslightly different methods. Oklahoma soil samples were analyzed by the Oklahoma State University(OSU) Soil, Water & Forage Analytical Laboratory and Arkansas soil samples were analyzed by the\nUniversity of Arkansas (UA) Soil Testing a nd Research Laboratory. OSU and UA use extraction\nratios of 1:10 and 1:7, respectively, and use diffe rent instrumentation for analysis. OSU uses a\ncolorimetric method and UA uses inductively coupled argon plasma spectrometry (ICAP). Dr.Nathan Slaton with the UA provided the followi ng relationship for different extraction ratios\n(n\n.500): 22\nwhere Mehlich III is in mg/l. Dr. Hailin Zha ng with OSU provided the following relationship\nbetween ICAP and the colorimetric method (n=3577 R2=0.98):\nwhere Mehlich III is in mg/l. The average pasture STP level used for the Arkansas portion of the\nLake Eucha basin was 334 lbs/ac. Based on these regression equations, an Arkansas STP of 334lbs/ac corresponds to an OSU value of 372 lbs/ac.\nSoil samples from the Oklahoma Conservation Commission were double checked to ensure that their\nlocations were within the indicated subbasin. Some 14 samples fell outside the Lake Eucha basinor were unusable for other reasons. Samples less th an 400 meters outside the basin were reassigned\nto the nearest subbasin. An area weighted soil test phosphorus was calculated for each of SWAT`s\n58 subbasins (Figure 1.11).\nRow Crop - Soil Phosphorus Content\nCounty level soil test data for row crop/small grai ns fields were obtaine d for Benton and Delaware\ncounties and incorporated into the SWAT model. Data for Benton county were taken from theUniversity of Arkansas Soil Testing and Research Laboratory website(http://www.uark.edu/depts/soiltest/). County and crop codes required to utilize these data wereobtained from Nathan Slayton (Dir ector of Soil Testing, University of Arkansas Soil Testing and\nResearch Laboratory). These data were corrected for differences in labor atory methods, yielding a\nMehlich III STP value of 212 lb/acre for Benton c ounty row crop/small grains. Data for Delaware\ncounty were compiled by the Oklahoma State Soil, Water & Forage Analytical Laboratory at our 23Crop Samples Average\nCorn 2 360\nGrain Sorghum 4 91\nOats 2 662\nSmall Grains for Grazing 9 83Sorghum Ensilage 1 191Sorghum-Sudan Hay 5 237Soybeans 17 142Wheat 30 134\nWheat Silage 1 71\nAverage 72 154.6request. An average of 155 lb/acre was calculated for row crops/small grains in Delaware county.\nThese county averages were weighted by the num ber of observations in each county to produce a\nweighted average of 188 lb/acre. Summaries of th ese soil test data are located in Tables 1.2 and 1.3.\nTable 1.2 Soil test phosphorus observations for row crops and small grains in Delaware county,\nOklahoma. Source: Oklahoma State Soil, Water & Forage Analytical Laboratory 1994-2001. 24Crop Samples Average\nBEANS - SNAP (ROWS LESS THAN 3 FT. APART AND IRRIGATED) 4 196\nBEANS - SNAP (ROWS MORE THAN 3 FT. APART, NOT IRRIGATED OR IRR.) 23 144CORN FOR GRAIN 2 168\nCORN FOR SILAGE NON-IRRIGATED, HIGH YIELD POTENTIAL 4 193\nCORN FOR SILAGE NON-IRRIGATED, MEDIUM YIELD POTENTIAL 5 225OATS FOR GRAZING 3 359RYE FOR GRAZING 6 229RYEGRASS 17 187\nSMALL GRAIN/RYEGRASS/CLOVER 11 107\nSORGHUM X SUDAN 8 458\nSOYBEANS ALONE - NON-IRRIGATED 10 123\nSUDANGRASS 1 261WHEAT FOR GRAIN 6 208\nAverage 100 195.4\nTable 1.3 Soil test phosphorus observations for row crops and small grains in Benton county,\nArkansas. Source: University of Arkansas Soil Testing and Research Laboratory 1999-2001.\nFigure 1.11 Mehlich III soil test phosphorus (STP) for pa stures and row crop by subbasin for the\nLake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin. Dots indicate poultry house locations. 25Poultry Litter Application Rate\nThe number of poultry houses and the pasture area in each subbasin were used to determine poultry\nlitter application rates. All litter produced in a subbasin was assumed to be uniformly applied to\npastures in that subbasin.\nSimmons Foods Inc. provided locations of seve ral company farms which export poultry litter from\nthe basin. The initial litter application rate was re duced in these areas to account for the exported\nlitter. A total of 5883 ton/yr was exported. Other integrators also export litter but the locations of\ntheir houses were not available, and thus we were unable to remove the litter from the propersubbasins. It should be noted, however, that Simmons Foods Inc. represented a significant portion\nof the exported poultry litter in the basin.\nBroiler, layer, and turkey production all contribute to the total litter production. Each type of\noperation produces a different amount of litter, and litter of a different composition (Table 1.4). The\namount of litter contributed basin-wide by each t ype of operation is summarized in Table 1.5. The\naverage litter composition was determined by using the relative amount of each litter applied in the\nbasin and it’s composition (Table 1.6).\nThe average amount of poultry litter applied to past ures was 1830 kg/ha (0.81 t on/acre). This is the\ntotal amount of litter produced in the basin divided by the total area of pasture and row crop.Because many pastures receive little or no poultry litter the average application rate would besomewhat higher. The maximum poultry litter rate was assigned to subbasin 52, 9310 kg/ha (4.1ton/acre), which reflects the high number of poultry operations located in the small subbasin (Figure\n1.12). A total of 91,700 tons of poultry litter was es timated to be applied in the Eucha/Spavinaw 26Type Litter production t/yr Realtive litter production\nBroilers 72684 79.3%\nGenetic 3000 3.3%\nGenetic & Broiler 1200 1.3%\nLayers 8200 8.9%\nPullets 1900 2.1%\nTurkeys 4720 5.1%\nTotal 91704 100%\nType Realtive litter production Mineral N Organic N Mineral P Organic P\nBroilers 79% 0.010 0.040 0.004 0.010\nGenetic 3% 0.013 0.040 0.006 0.013Genetic & Broiler 1% 0.010 0.040 0.004 0.010\nLayers 9% 0.013 0.040 0.006 0.013\nPullets 2% 0.010 0.040 0.004 0.010\nTurkeys 5% 0.007 0.045 0.003 0.016\nAverage 0.0102 0.0403 0.0042 0.0107Used in SWAT Model 0.010 0.040 0.004 0.011Operation Litter per 20,000 animal capacity Mineral N Mineral P Organic N Organic P Source\nBroiler 100 ton/yr 0.01000 0.00400 0.04000 0.01000 Storm et al. (1999) and SWAT Database\nLayer 200 ton/yr 0.01300 0.00600 0.04000 0.01300 Finley (1994) and SWAT Database\nTurkey 310 ton/yr 0.00700 0.00300 0.04500 0.01600 Vest (1994) and SWAT DatabaseBasin each year. This poultry litter contai ned approximately 1,140,000 kg phosphorus (1260 ton)\nand 3,800,000 kg nitrogen (4190 ton). \nTable 1.4 Annual poultry litter production by house in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin and\nfractional composition by operation type. (Broilers assumed 5 batches per year)\nTable 1.5 Poultry litter production in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin by operation type.\nTable 1.6 Average fraction nutrient concentration of poultry litter produced in Lake\nEucha/Spavinaw Basin.\n 27\nFigure 1.12 Poultry litter applied by subbasin and poultr y house locations (black dots) for the Lake\nEucha/Spavinaw basin.\nCommercial Fertilizer Applications\nTo simplify the management input files, commerc ial nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer sales in 1998\nand 1999 for Delaware County, Oklahoma and Benton County, Arkansas were assumed to beuniformly applied to row crop in each county. Year ly rates for both counties were area weighed to\nestimate a single annual application rate for ro w crop the basin (32 kg/ ha nitrogen and 0.42 kg/ha\nphosphorus). Phosphorus inputs from commercial fer tilizer were negligible compared to inputs from\npoultry litter. 28Gage Station Start Date End Date\nSpavinaw Creek Near Sycamore 10/1/1961 Current\nBeaty Creek Near Jay 7/31/1998 Current\nBlack Hollow Near Spavinaw 7/24/1998 9/30/2001\nObserved Stream Flow\nThe Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin contains three USGS stream gages (Figure 1.13). These gages\nwere used to calibrate the hydrologic portion of the model. Each gage station has a different period\nof record (Table 1.7.)\nTable 1.7 Available period of record at U.S. Ge ographic Survey stream gage stations. \nFigure 1.13 Active U.S. Geographic Survey stream gage stations used to calibrate the SWAT\nmodel for the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin. (Red dots represent the City of Tulsa water quality\nstations) 29Gage Total Flow Surface Runoff Baseflow Period\nBlackhollow 0.109 36% - 22% 78% - 64% 8/98 to 9/01\nBeaty Creek 1.33 59% - 52% 48% - 41% 8/98 to 3/02\nSpavinaw Creek 3.3 60% - 43% 57% - 39% 8/98 to 3/02Baseflow Separation\nStream flow has two primary sources, surface runoff and ground water. Ground water contributions\nto stream flow are known as baseflow. The SWAT model was calibrate d separately against\nobserved surface and baseflow. Baseflow was separa ted from the total observed stream flow using\nthe USGS HYSEP sliding interval method. Basefl ow fractions were relatively high throughout the\nbasin, likely the result of the kars t topography(Table 1.8). Karst features allow significant interaction\nbetween stream flow and ground water (Wagner and Woodruff 1997).\nTable 1.8 Observed average flow and baseflow fractions as determined by the HYSEP sliding\ninterval method.\nObserved Loading Development\nWater quality data were available for 10 suitable locations in the basin. Soluble and total\nphosphorus and nitrate loads were estimated at each of these stations (Figure 1.14). SWAT wascalibrated for nutrients after the hydrologic calibration was completed.\nFlow Estimation\nFlow was estimated at each water quality station where flow data were unavailable. Initially, daily\nflow was estimated from the closest stream ga ge and assumed flow was proportional to drainage\narea. Flow data before 8/1998 were estimated from the Spavinaw station only, because Spavinaw 30\nwas the only active station before 8/1998. To further refine the estimate, the flow at each station was\nseparated into surface and baseflow fractions. The ra tio of daily precipitation for the area above each\nwater quality station and the area above each gage was used to bias surface runoff estimates.Baseflow fractions were not corrected. Surface runoff adjustments were limited to a maximum of\nthree times and a minimum of 1/3 the original value. \nFigure 1.14 City of Tulsa and US Geographic Survey water quality station locations. 31Nutrient Loading\nNutrient loads were estimated by station us ing the USGS DOS program LOADEST2 (Crawford,\n1996). This program was developed by Charles Crawford (USGS Supervisory Hydrologist) to\nestimate loading using the rating curve method. The software has 10 models from which to choose,with models 1-8 are listed below:\nmoodel 1: ln(load) = b0 + b1 ln(flow)\nmodel 2: ln(load) = b0 + b1 ln(flow) + b2 ln(flow)**2model 3: ln(load) = b0 + b1 ln(flow) + b2 dectimemodel 4: ln(load) = b0 + b1 ln(flow) + b2 sin(dectime) + b3 cos(dectime)model 5: ln(load) = b0 + b1 ln(flow) + b2 ln(flow)**2 + b3 dectimemodel 6: ln(load) = b0 + b1 ln(flow) + b2 ln(flow)**2 + b3 sin(dectime) + b4 cos(dectime)model 7: ln(load) = b0 + b1 ln(flow) + b2 sin(dectime) + b3 cos(dectime) + b4 dectimemodel 8: ln(load) = b0 + b1 ln(flow) + b2 ln (flow)**2 + b3 sin(dectime) + b4 cos(dectime + b5\ndectime\nDectime is time in fractional years. \nEach of these 8 models was used by LOADEST2 at each station. At each station 2 to 3 models were\nselected based on the estimated residual variance calculated by LOADEST2. These 2 to 3 modelswere then graphed as observed vs predicted con centrations. Visual comparisons of each graph and\nthe estimated residual variance for each model were used to select the best model at each station(Table 1.9). 32Station Type Model LOAD kg/yr Uncensored Observations\nEUC04 Total P 4 166 26\nEUC05 Total P 8 2489 33\nEUC06 Total P 8 8461 218\nEUC07 Total P 5 1161 40\nEUC08 Total P 8 34841 174EUC09 Total P 2 24886 71\nEUC10 Total P 1 16591 67\nEUC11 Total P 6 3982 68EUC12 Total P 3 813 13\nSPA06 Total P 6 114 74\nEUC04 Soluble P 8 11 25\nEUC05 Soluble P 8 979 32\nEUC06 Soluble P 8 3650 137EUC07 Soluble P 4 159 38\nEUC08 Soluble P 8 14268 134\nEUC09 Soluble P 8 23227 71\nEUC10 Soluble P 7 16591 67\nEUC11 Soluble P 8 1327 68EUC12 Soluble P 1 498 13\nSPA06 Soluble P 6 41 51\nEUC04 Nitrate as N 4 5475 28\nEUC05 Nitrate as N 8 23227 35\nEUC06 Nitrate as N 8 114477 221\nEUC07 Nitrate as N 7 10618 48\nEUC08 Nitrate as N 6 514318 176\nEUC09 Nitrate as N 6 530909 70EUC10 Nitrate as N 8 365000 66\nEUC11 Nitrate as N 6 64705 67\nEUC12 Nitrate as N 7 33182 13\nSPA06 Nitrate as N 6 2489 68Table 1.9 Model type, estimated observed phosphorus lo ad, and water quality data observations by\nstation using Loadest2 (includes both point and nonpoint sources). 33Parameter Total P Nitrate-N Flow Ammonia-N\nUnits kg/day kg/day m^3/day kg/day\nValue 32 10 4829 40Point Source Loadings\nAlthough most of the nutrient loading was attri buted to non-point source pollution, one significant\npoint source is located in the Lake Eucha/Spavinaw Basin at the City of Decatur, Arkansas. Apoultry processing plant is located in City of D ecatur, with waste from the plant processed by the\nCity of Decatur waste water treatment plant. Th e treatment plant discharges to Colombia Hollow.\nThe US Environmental Protection Agency PCS (Permit Compliance System) contains estimatedmonthly loading from Decatur (NPDES ID AR 0022292). Only the average daily load was used\n(Table 1.10). \nTable 1.10 City of Decatur, Arkansas point source average daily load for the period 1-98 to 3-02. 34CALIBRATION\nThe SWAT model was calibrated using observed stream and nutrient data. Three stream gage\nstations and eight water quality stations were us ed in the calibration. The model was calibrated for\ntotal flow, surface flow, baseflow, soluble phosphorus, and total phosphorus. \nThe model was first calibrated on stream flow at each of the three gages. Observed stream flow was\nsplit into surface runoff and baseflow. After the hydrologic calibration the model was calibrated for\nnutrients. SWAT model predicted loads were comp ared to loads estimated from samples taken at\neight water quality stations, and relative error was calculated at each station. The relative error in\nload at each station was weighted by the area upstream each station and the number of high flow\nsamples at that station were used to develop a si ngle basin wide relative error. This average relative\nerror was used to guide the nutrient calibration. The sum of the absolute relative error at all stations\nwas also calculated and used as a secondary guide during the calibration.\nRelative Error (%) = (Predicted- Observed)/Observed * 100 %\nHydrologic Calibration\nThree gage stations, shown in Figure 1.15, were used in the calibration of total flow, surface runoff,\nand base flow. All available streamflow for the calibration period (8/1/1998 to 3/15/2002) were\nutilized. The period of available data from the three stations is not the same. Spavinaw Creek havedata prior to 8/98 but it was not included in the calibration to allow a single calibration period for\nall stations. 35We split the basin into three areas, each with a di fferent set of calibration parameters. Subbasins\nnot upstream of a gage were lumped with the most similar adjacent calibrated area. Land use,topography, geology, and location were used to dete rmine subjectively how to lump each subbasin.\nRelative error was used to compare observed and pr edicted data and to guide the calibration process.\nModifications to model parameters were required to calibrate the model and are given in Table 1.11.\nParameters governing ground water were modified to compensate for the karst topography of theregion. Results of the calibration are shown in Ta ble 1.12. Note relative error was less than 5% for\nthe Spavinaw and Beaty Creek gages. Blackhollow was calibrated by visual comparison betweenobserved and predicted flows, and thus the average annual relative error is not a good measure ofthe quality of the calibration at this station. The visual calibration was required due to long dryperiods with no flow observed at the gage . Figures 1.16 and 1.17 detail the results of the calibration\nat the Spavinaw Creek Gage. 36\nParameter Spavinaw Beaty Blackhollow\nInitial depth of water in shallow aquifer (mm) 100 100 100\nBaseflow delay (days) 1 1 1Alpha baseflow factor 0.11 0.11 0.11Min depth in shallow aquifer for baseflow (mm) 30 30 30Revap Coff. 0.02 0.02 0.02Min depth in shallow aquifer for revap (mm) 10 10 10Fraction of shallow aquifer directed to deep aquifer 0.17 0.17 0.7\nMannings N for overland flow 0.15 0.15 0.15\nSoil Evaporation Compensation Factor 0.63 0.63 0.63Curve number adjustment -5 0 -5Channel permeab ility (mm/hr) 100 100 100\nMannings N for channel 0.1 0.1 0.1Pond bottom permeab ility (mm/hr) 3 3 3Figure 1.15 SWAT calibration regions for the Eucha/Spav inaw Basin (SIM denotes an area that is\nnot upstream of a gage station).\nTable 1.11 Parameter modifications made to calibra te the hydrologic portion of the SWAT model. 37Relative Error\nTotal Flow Surface Runoff Baseflow Total Flow Surface Runoff Baseflow Total Flow\nBlackhollow 0.109 36% - 22% 78% - 64% 0.094 53% 47% -13.7%\nBeaty Creek 1.33 59% - 52% 48% - 41% 1.37 52% 48% 2.9%\nSpavinaw Creek 3.3 60% - 43% 57% - 39% 3.45 48% 52% 4.4%Observed PredictedGage\nSpavinaw Creek Gage Observed Vs. Predicted Total Flow\nTimeseries\n024681012141618\nAug-98\nOct-98\nDec-98\nFeb-99\nApr-99\nJun-99\nAug-99\nOct-99\nDec-99\nFeb-00\nApr-00\nJun-00\nAug-00\nOct-00\nDec-00\nFeb-01\nApr-01\nJun-01\nAug-01\nOct-01\nDec-01\nFeb-02\nMonthTotal Flow (m^3/sec)\nObserved Total Predicted TotalTable 1.12 Average annual results for the hydrologic calibration of the SWAT model at each USGS\nstreamflow gage.\nFigure 1.16 Time-series comparison of stream flow at Spavinaw Creek gage for the period 8/1/1998\nto 3/15/2002. 38Spavinaw Creek Gage Observed Vs. Predicted Total Flow\nScatter Plot\ny = 0.781x + 0.8709\nR2 = 0.8127\n0246810121416\n02468 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6\nObserved Total Flow (m^3/sec)Predicted Total Flow (m^3/sec)\nFigure 1.17 Time-series comparison of stream flow at Spavinaw Creek gage for the period 8/1/1998\nto 3/15/2002.\nNutrient Calibration\nThe nutrient calibration was performed in a di fferent manner than the hydrologic calibration,\nbecause many nutrient parameters are not specific to land covers or subbasins. A slightly different\nperiod was also used to calibrate the nutrient portion of the model, i.e.1-1-98 to 3-15-2002. The\nhydrologic calibration did not begin until 8-1-98. The basin was calibrated as a whole usingcomparisons at all stations simultaneously. 39Land Cover Minimum C Factor Sediment Yield MT/ha\nUrban 0.003 0.189\nForest 0.001 0.047\nHay 0.001 0.010\nPoorly Managed Pasture 0.001 0.113\nRange 0.002 0.093\nWater 0 0.000\nWell Managed Pasture 0.001 0.003\nRow Crop 0.03 7.790Sediment\nSediment was included in the calibration process b ecause of its impact on nutrient load. No recent\nsediment data were available and thus sediment loss was adjusted to literature based levels (Table\n1.13) \nTable 1.13 Minimum C Factor and SWAT predicted sediment loss by land cover for the Lake\nEucha/Spavinaw basin for the period 1-1-98 to 3-15-2002. \nPhosphorus\nObserved and predicted loads at 8 of the 10 stations were compared. The remaining two stations\nhad little high flow sampling and were considered t oo uncertain for use in the calibration. Relative\nerror was calculated at each station for soluble a nd total phosphorus. These relative errors were area\nweighted according to the contributing area at each water quality station and the number of high\nflow samples; the result was used to guide the calibration. The result of the nutrient calibration is\nshown in Table 1.14.\nSome observed loads are calculated from samples taken downstream the City of Decatur point\nsource. To quantify nonpoint source loading from the observed data, we remove the loading from\nCity of Decatur point source by assuming the load was 90% soluble and simply subtracted it from 40all stations downstream. In reality much of this soluble phosphorus would be assimilated into the\nbiota and only be measurable via total phosphorus. We do not have data to directly estimate how\nmuch of the point source load would be soluble when it reaches each of the downstream stations,and therefore our assumption was conservative.\nRelative error at any given station may be off by a substantial amount. Because the majority of the\nparameters are not distributed, it is not possible to make an adjustment at one station without\naffecting all other stations. In addition, many st ations do not have suffici ent high flow sampling to\naccurately estimate loadings and thus little relative weight was given to these stations in thecalibration process. The following parameters were adjusted basin wide in the basin input file(Basins.bsn):\nNPERCO (Nitrogen Percolation Coefficient) = 2\nPPERCO (Phosphorus Percolation Coefficient) = 3PHOSKD (Phosphorus Soil Partitioning Coefficient) = 800PSP (Phosphorus Sorption Coefficient)= 0.42\nAdditional parameters such as Biological Mixing Efficiency (BIOMIX) a nd Minimum Biomass for\nGrazing were also modified by land cover. These values are listed in Table 1.15.\nSTP was used to calibrate the nutrients from fore sted areas. Modifications to basin wide phosphorus\nparameters were required to calibrate the model form its response to surface application of poultry\nlitter. These modifications required an increase in la bile P in forested areas to 40 mg/kg to maintain\nsatisfactory total P loading from heavily forested areas like Blackhollow. 41StationAREA \nkm^2High Flow \nTotal P \nSamplesRelative \nWeightObserved \nTotal P \nkg/yrPredicted \nTotal P \nkg/yrRelative \nError \nTotal PObserved \nSoluble P \nkg/yrPredicted \nSoluble P \nkg/yrRelative \nError \nSoluble P\nEUC04 20.9 4 0.01 166 278 -68% 11 140 -1158%\nEUC05 87.1 4 0.03 2489 4045 -63% 979 1323 -35%EUC06 153.0 28 0.31 8461 8243 3% 3650 3673 -1%\nEUC07 50.6 2 0.01 1161 795 32% 159 280 -76%\nEUC08 517.6 16 0.61 23341 22936 2% 3918 12388 -216%EUC11 65.9 4 0.02 3982 3431 14% 1327 1766 -33%EUC12 64.3 2 0.01 813 1247 -53% 498 425 15%SPA06 15.6 12 0.01 114 110 4% 41 23 44%\nAverage Weighted Relative Error 0% -140%\nLand Cove r Biomix BIO_MIN (kg/ha)\nHay 0.2 N/A\nPoorly Managed Pasture 0.2 800\nWell Managed Pasture 0.2 1600\nUrban 0.05 N/A\nRow Crop 0.05 600\nForest 0.05 N/A\nRange 0.05 N/ ATable 1.14 Observed and SWAT predicted average nonpoint source (NPS) annual nutrient load at\nCity of Tulsa water quality stations for the period January 1998 to March 2002. City of Decatur\npoint source loading removed from relevant stations assuming load is 90% soluble and is notmodified instream. High flow samp le is defined as three times th e average flow; a maximum of two\nhigh flow samples are counted for each day. Relative weight is based on the number of high flowsamples and the area above the station. \nTable 1.15 Management parameters used to calibrate the nutrient portion of the SWAT model. 42MODEL LIMITATIONS\nThere are several limitations that should be noted. Li mitations may be the resu lt of data used in the\nmodel, inadequacies in the model, or using the model to simulate situations for which it was notdesigned. Hydrologic models will always have lim itations, because the science behind the model\nis not perfect nor complete, and a model by defi nition is a simplification of the real world.\nUnderstanding the limitations helps assure that accurate inferences are drawn from modelpredictions.\nWeather is the driving force for any hydrologic mode l and thus uncertainty in the rainfall or the\nrainfall distribution across the watershed is importa nt. Great care was, therefore, taken to include\nas much accurate, observed weather data as possi ble. The inclusion of NEXRAD derived weather\ndata should in theory, improve the accuracy of the model and reduce this limitation. However this\nwas not evaluated in this study. Rainfall is estimat ed on a 4 km grid. Rainfall can be quite variable\neven within a single grid cell, especially in the spring and summer when convective thunderstorms\nproduce precipitation with a high degree of spatial va riability. It may rain heavily at one location,\nbut be dry a short distance away. On an average annual or average monthly basis, these errors have\nless influence since they are typically not additive. This limitation, among others, cautions us againstusing model output on a daily basis. \nThe SWAT model assumes total phosphorus includes lab ile, active, and stable forms in a fixed ratio.\nPhosphorus loading from pasture originates primarily from lab ile forms of soil phosphorus due to\nlow erosion. Phosphorus loading from row crops, wh ere erosion is high, contains all forms of soil\nphosphorus including labile, active and stable forms. The SWAT model calculates stable mineral 43phosphorus based on active and labile phosphorus. We assume that Mehlich III soil test is equal to\nthe sum of the labile and active mineral forms, wh ich is model input. The ratio of active to stable\nforms at equilibrium is set via a single basin-wi de model input in SWAT. The equilibrium ratio of\nactive and stable forms is fixed in SWAT, although both ratios probably vary with soil type. Thisassumption governs the relative loading from pastur e and row crop. Therefor e, if active and stable\nphosphorus forms are over estimated the relative contribution of phosphorus from row crop will beover predicted. \nScenarios involving radical departures from calibration conditions result in greater uncertainty.\nAlthough calibration assures the user that the results reflect the range of conditions encountered at\nthe watershed, they do not assure the model will be accurate for drastic changes in land use ormanagement. \nOnly a single point source was included in th is analysis, although there are many other minor\nsources in the basin. These other sources, such as CAFOs, septic tanks and small communities, were\nconsidered negligible. \nThere is uncertainty associated with specifying uniform management for a land cover category. It\nis not practical to specify management for every field in the basin, and thus a typical management\nwas selected and applied basin-wide for each la nd cover type. Management operations include\ngrazing, fertilization, tillage, planting, and harvesting.\nAn important limitation is that SWAT simulate s poultry litter applications as simple nutrient\nadditions applied uniformly to the top 10 mm of th e soil surface. In reality poultry litter lies on the 44soil surface until rainfall moves it into the soil. In the first few rain fall events after application the\nlitter may interact more closely with surface runo ff than simulated by SWAT. In the field we would\nexpect high phosphorus concentrations in surface r unoff when rainfall occurs immediately following\nlitter application, but lower concentrations later in the season. In the SWAT model, high short termphosphorus concentrations may not be simulated, but through calibration accuracy is achieved formonthly and annual phosphorus loads. This limitation makes it inadvisable to use daily simulationresults. 45 \n \nPART II \nECONOMIC ANALYSIS \n \n \n 46INTRODUCTION \n \nSeveral hydro-biological studies have f ound that external phosphorus loading to \nthe Lake Eucha is the main contributor towards eutrophication of both lakes Eucha and Spavinaw, and recommended reduction of ex ternal phosphorus loading as the most \neffective remediation (Storm et al. (2002), OWRB (2001), OCC (1997)). There is a wide \narray of regulations, policies and practices that could be instituted to achieve the goal of \nreduced external phosphorus loading to the lakes. However, there is an efficient subset of \nthem that will achieve the desired reduction of external phosphorus loading at least cost \nto the society. Economic analysis in this st udy attempts to determine that subset of \neconomically efficient regulations, policies and practices. \n \nOverview of the Economic Activity in the Region \nThe Eucha-Spavinaw watershed is predominantly located in portions of two \ncounties, Benton County, Arkansas and Dela ware County, Oklahoma. A summary of the \neconomic activities in those two counties is pr ovided to serve as an introduction to the \neconomic analysis of the watershed. \n \nEconomic Changes in the Region from 1980-2000 \nThe twenty-year period from 1980 to 2000 witnessed considerable economic \ngrowth in the Benton Co., Arkansas and Delawa re Co., Oklahoma. Data from the Bureau \nof Economic Analysis in Figure 2.1. show that total population grew at 3.3 percent annually and nearly doubled from 102,000 in 1980 to 192,000 by the year 2000. Total \nreal personal income had a sustained annual gr owth rate of 5.6 percent and tripled from 47$1.5 billion to $4.6 billion by 2000. Income per capita in 1999-2001 dollars grew at an \nannual rate of 3.2 percent and increased from $14,000 to nearly $24,000 dollars by the year 2000. \n \nFigure 2.1. Population and Income Growth in the Benton County, Arkansas and \nDelaware County, Oklahoma Area. \n \nSources of Economic Growth from 1980 to 2000 \nThe manufacturing and retail trade sector s experienced the largest increase in \nemployment and wage payments. Much of th e increase in the manufacturing sector was \nin food and kindred products because of th e increase in feed manufacturing and poultry \nprocessing. Big portion of the increase in the retail sector could be attributed to the growth in the Wal-Mart chain. Figure 2.2. s hows the wage earnings of workers and \nproprietors which have been aggregated into five sectors for the two-county economy. Population Growth in Benton and Delaware Counties\n0.050.0100.0150.0200.0250.0\n1980\n1981\n1982\n1983\n1984\n1985\n1986\n1987\n1988\n1989\n1990\n1991\n1992\n1993\n1994\n1995\n1996\n1997\n1998\n1999\n2000Thousand PopulationPopulation and Personal Income (1999-2001 dollars)\n$-$500$1,000$1,500$2,000$2,500$3,000$3,500$4,000$4,500$5,000\n1980\n1982\n1984\n1986\n1988\n1990\n1992\n1994\n1996\n1998\n2000Million 1999-2001 Dollars\n$-$5,000$10,000$15,000$20,000$25,000$30,000in Benton and Delaware CountiesAverage Annual Percapita (1999-2001 \ndollars)\nTotal Personal Income\n(million dollars)\nIncome/Capita (1999-2001)$ 48Wage Earnings by Sectors in Benton and Delaware Counties\n00.20.40.60.811.21.4\nAgS&Mnf Const M&OM Trd&Tran Fin&Serv Billion 1999-2001 dollars1980\n1990\n2000\n \n*Abbreviations used, AgS&Mnf = Agricultural Serv ices and Food and Kindred Products, Constr = \nConstruction, M&OM = Mining and Other Manufacturing except Food and Kindred Products , \n Figure 2.2. Wage and Proprietors Earnings by Sector in Benton and Delaware Counties \nin 1999-2001 Dollars. \n \nIt can be noted from Figure 2.2 that the largest increase in earnings was in the \ntrade (wholesale and retail) and trans portation sectors for the period 1990-2000. The \nfinance and services sectors also experienced a corresponding growth during the last decade. Major growth in the agricultural services and food and kindred products sector during the first decade was related to grow th in poultry production in the two-county \narea. Growth in the construction sector is a reflection of and dependent upon the growth \nin other sectors. \nTable 2.1. describes the sector-by-sector gr owth in more detail. All sectors except \nthe mining sector experienced positive economic growth over the past two decades. The fastest growing sectors were the retail tr ade, finance-realestate-insurance, and \ntransportation sectors, which averaged more than seven percent growth per year from \n1980 to 2000. The services, agricultural servi ces, and food and kindred products sectors 49averaged between 5 and 7 percent annual grow th in real terms during the twenty-year \nperiod. Table 2.1. Comparison of Changes in Earnings by Sector Between 1980 and 2000 in \nBenton and Delaware Counties. \n Average \n Annual \nSector 1980 2000 Growth \n million 1999-2001 dollars % \nAg. services, forestry, fishing 5 18 6.7 \nMining 7 4 -4.7 \nConstruction 73 190 5.7 \nManufacturing 282 586 3.9 \nDurable goods 160 244 2.8 \nNondurable goods 121 343 4.9 \nFood and kindred products 62 199 5.5 \nTransportation and public utilities 46 203 7.1 \nWholesale trade 23 115 9 Retail trade 136 989 9.5 \nFinance, insurance, and real estate 34 132 8.1 \nServices 138 485 6.6 \n \n \nChanges in Agricultural Structure, 1980 to 2000 \nThe data presented in Figure 2.2. show that although agriculture is very important \nin the two-county area, the non-agricultural s ector represents a much larger source of \nearnings. Agricultural marketing in the two-county area is dominated by livestock production and by poultry production in particul ar (breakdown by sources of agricultural \nincome are shown in more detail later in the text). The importance of livestock marketing \nis shown in Figure 2.3. The top two panels of Figure 2.3. show agricultural receipts and \nexpenses respectively in actual or nominal dollars. The two bottom panels show the same information expressed in constant prices (1999-2001 dollars). The two right hand panels \nof Figure 2.3. show that half of all agricultural expenses are just for purchases of feed and \nlivestock. The increase in feed purchases repr esents the main avenue by which increased \nquantity of nutrients enter the region. It coul d be noted that there has been little increase 50in the purchases of fertilizer over the last two decades. The livestock marketing and \npurchases of feed and livestock are the majo r factors related to th e growth in the Food \nand Kindred products sector discussed above. \nAgricultural Purchases in Benton and \nDelaware Counties\n050100150200250300350400\n1980 1985 1990 1995 2000*Source: Personal Area Income, Bur. Econ. \nAna.Million Actual DollarsOther\nProductionExpenses\nFertilizerPurchased\nLivestockPurchased\nFeedPurchased\n \n \n \n \nFigure 2.3. Agricultural Sales and Expenditures for Benton and Delaware Counties in \nCurrent and in 1999-2001 Prices. \n \nThe respective indices of prices received by farmers for livestock and poultry and \nfor crops were used to deflate the agricultu ral sales. The indices with a base of 1991-93 \nwere adjusted to a 1999-2000 base for this study. When the sales are shown in real \nprices, the data indicate that agricultura l output grew rapidly until 1990 and has been \nnearly constant through the last decade. The agricultural expenditure data indicates that real purchases of feed and livestock have declined slightly during the 1990’s. It should \nalso be noted that expenditures for commercial fertilizer and lime represent a very small part of farm purchases and have been nearly constant since 1980. This indicates that the Value of Agricultural Marketing in Benton and Delaware \nCounties\n050100150200250300350400450500\n1980\n198519901995 2000\n*Source: Personal Area Income, Bur. Econ. Ana.Million Actual Dollars\nLivestock\ncrops\nValue of Agricultural Marketing in Benton and Delaware \nCounties\n050100150200250300350400450500\n198019851990\n1995 2000\n*Source: Personal Area Income, Bur. Econ. Ana.Million Actual Dollars\nLivestock\ncropsAgricultural Purchases in Benton and \nDelaware Counties\n0100200300400\n1980 1985\n1990 1995\n2000\n*Source: Personal Area Income, Bur. Econ. \nAna.Million 1999-2001 DollarsOther\nProduction\nExpenses\nFertilizerPurchased\nLivestockPurchased\nFeedPurchasedc 51sources of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) entering the watershed are more likely \nfrom purchased feed for livestock than from commercial fertilizers. \n \nSources of Agricultural Sales in Current and Constant Prices \n \nAnnual marketing data for the number of animals by type are not available for the \ntwo counties for the study period. Sales data from the Census of Agriculture are used to \n \nFigure 2.4. Agricultural Sales of Crop and Livestock Commodities from Benton and \nDelaware Counties in 1999-2001 Dollars \n show the amounts of agricultural output for the census years in Figure 2.4. In the right \npanel of Figure 2.4., the sales data from the Census of Agriculture are converted to 1999-\n2001 dollars by using the GDP deflator. Total out put in constant prices has been near \n$400 million since 1987. Total output is dominated by poultry production. The major expansion in poultry sales occurred be tween 1982 and 1987. Figure 2.5. shows that \nbroiler production in Benton Co. (Arkansas Ag ricultural Statistics) and Delaware Co. Agricultural Sales by Commodity in Benton and \nDelaware Counties\n$0$50$100$150$200$250$300$350$400$450\n1977 1982 1987 1992 1997\n*Source: Census of AgricultureMillion DollarsSwine\nOth.Lvst\nCattle&Clvs\nDairy\nPoultry\nCropsAgricultural Sales by Commodity in Benton and \nDelaware Counties\n$0$50$100$150$200$250$300$350$400$450\n1977 1982 1987 1992 1997*Source: Census of AgricultureMillion 1999-2001 DollarsSwine\nOth.Lvst\nCattle&\nClvs\nDairy\nPoultry\nCrops 52(Census of Agriculture) is still increasing but at a slower rate than during the early 1980 \nperiod. \n020000400006000080000100000120000140000\n1987\n1988\n1989\n19901991\n1992\n1993\n1994\n1995Number of Broilers produced (thousand) - \nBenton Co.\n050001000015000200002500030000Number of Broilers produced (thousand) - \nDelaware Co.\nBenton Co.\nDelaw are Co. \nFigure 2.5. Broiler Production in Benton C o., AR, and Delaware Co., OK., 1987-1995. \n \nThe data presented in this summary s hows that although agriculture is not the \npredominant economic activity in the area, it is significant and dominated by the poultry \nsector. The poultry industry is an important economic factor for the two counties that \nshare the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed. \n \nPolitical and Legislative Overview \n \n \nLegislative Overview \n \nOne reason for the rapid increase in the number of poultry produced in the region \nwas the relaxation of laws prohibiting corporate farming, first in Arkansas and latter in Oklahoma (Hipp, 2002). Following this regulator y relaxation, the presence of corporate 53swine and poultry farms increased dramatically. The regulatory relaxation increased \nprotection against nuisance suits for concentrated animal feeding operations in Oklahoma, which attracted further growth of swine and poultry corporate farming. These \nconcentrated animal feeding facilities tended to concentrate in relatively small geographic areas, Eastern Oklahoma and Western Arkans as for poultry and Western Oklahoma for \nswine, which contributed to relatively quick occurrence of the environmental problems. \n \nPublic response to environmental problems and public concerns related to odor \nand water quality started emerging by 1997 wh en legislative actions against CAFOs \nbegan to dominate. Oklahoma House B ill 1552 set up licensing requirements and \nnotification of surrounding landowners for new CA FO facilities, stipulated setback rules, \nrequired a pollution prevention plan and increased penalties and fines (Oklahoma State Senate, 1997). The Executive Order 97-07, estab lished the Governor’s Animal Waste and \nWater Quality Protection Task Force, a body intended to develop a plan with a \nmechanism for progressive monitoring of the state’s water quality and put forth recommendations for legislation, regulatory ch ange, structural and operational change, \nprivate-public partnerships, incentives, and other measures to protect the quality of \nOklahoma’s water supply (Office of the Gover nor of Oklahoma, 1997). In the same year, \nThe Oklahoma House Joint Resolution 1093 imposed moratorium on certain new hog farms until the next year or until new legi slation was passed (Oklahoma State Senate, \n1997). Also in 1997, the Arkansas – Oklahoma Arkansas River Compact Commission adopted a goal to reduce phosphorus pollution in the Illinois river by 40 percent (Hipp, \n2002). The following year, 1998 was also marked by intensive legislative and regulatory \nactivity. The EPA issued the Unified Nationa l Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations, 54where the principles, goals and expectati ons for control of pollution from Animal \nFeeding Operations were set forth (EPA, 1998) . EPA amended and finalized this strategy \nwith the Final Rules on Concentrated An imal Feeding Operations in December 2002 \n(EPA, 2002). Also in 1998, the Oklahoma legislature passed the Senate Bills 1170 and 1175 that imposed several additional requirements and restrictions on poultry farms and swine farms respectively (Oklahoma State Se nate, 1998). In particular, SB 1170 defined \n“nutrient threatened “ and “nutrient vulnerabl e” watersheds in Oklahoma. In response to \nthe concentration of poultry litter in limited geographic areas, Oklahoma Legislature enacted the Oklahoma Poultry Waste Transfer Act in 2001, which provides tax relief to the parties that transport poultry waste from the regions where it is abundant and creates \nenvironmental problems (Eastern Oklahoma) to regions where phosphorus is in deficit \n(Central Oklahoma) (Oklahoma Statutes, 2001). \n \nRegulatory Overview \nOn the regulatory stage, Oklahoma Wa ter Quality Standards (OWRB, 1996) \ndesignate the following beneficial uses for the lakes Eucha and Spavinaw in the watershed: public and private water supply, cool water aquatic community, agricultural \nirrigation, primary body contact recreation and aes thetics. Both lakes are also designated \nas sensitive drinking water supply. The Ok lahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB), \nthrough its Beneficial Uses Monitoring Program (BUMP) continuously monitors the compliance to the designated beneficial uses and has a regulatory power over the \nactivities that endanger these uses. In a response to numerous complaints on odor and \ntaste characteristics of the drinking water coming from the Lake Spavinaw, the OWRB \nconducted a comprehensive study on the water quality in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed 55(OWRB, 2002). The published report found that se veral of the designated beneficial uses \nof the lakes were impaired, most importantly the water supply and recreational uses. The \nreport identified external phosphorus load as a main cause of impairment of lakes Eucha \nand Spavinaw. It further attributed most of the external phosphorus loading in the Lake \nEucha to non-point agricultural sources and to a municipal point source in Arkansas. The \nreport recommended a 54 percent reduction of total phosphorus load to the Lake Eucha \nand 44.6 percent reduction of total phosphorus load to the Lake Spavinaw to achieve the \ndesired trophic state in the lakes. \n \nOverview of Litigation Actions \nAmid these reports and recommendations , the excessive phosphorus loading in \nthe watershed continued, prompting the City of Tulsa to file a federal lawsuit against the \npoultry integrators and the municipality of Decatur, AR. On D ecember 10, 2001, the City \nof Tulsa and the Tulsa Metropolitan Utility Authority (City of Tulsa et al.,) filled a \ncomplaint in the US District Court of the Northern District of Oklahoma against Tyson Foods, Inc., Cobb-Vantress, Inc., Peterson Fa rms, Inc., Simmons Foods, Inc., Cargill, \nInc., George’s, Inc., and the City of Decatur, Arkansas (Tyson Foods Inc. et al.). The \ncomplaint claimed that the defendants committed acts and omissions, which caused \ndamages to the water supply of the City of Tulsa. The legal action sought damages and injunctive relief to remedy the wrongful pollution by the defendants. \nThe complaint cited that the deleterious conditions of the water supply, in terms \nof nutrient loading in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed and consequent eutrophication of \nthe lakes, were directly caused by the acts a nd omissions of the Defendants in the course \nof a “meteoric” growth in their business and pollution activities in the watershed. The 56massive concentration of the poultry operations in the watershed that is directly linked to \nthe Defendants, results in enormous production of nutrient reach waste whose land application is directly responsible for the rapidly increasing levels of phosphorus in the \nlakes and is therefore a proximate cause of the eutrophication occurring in the lakes. In \naddition, the City of Decatur is alleged to contribute jointly with other Defendants to the \npollution of the watershed by allowing e normous quantities of phosphorus discharge \nfrom its sewage treatment plant that also treats the wastewater from a poultry processing \nplant in the ownership of one of the other defendants. The complaint states that the \nDefendants have been aware of the rapidly increasing problems caused by their actions in \nthe watershed. The City of Tulsa has plead ed and demanded the defendants eliminate \ntheir polluting activities, but to no effect. Based on these allegations the complaint requested punitive damages for the plaintiffs. \nThe complaint also states that irreparable damage will be done if the polluting \nactions of the Defendants are not stopped. Therefore, the complaint requested an \ninjunctive relief to prevent this irreparable harm. \nA lengthy pretrial process occurred afte r the complaint was filled. A number of \nexpert witnesses were called for preliminary he arings. Just before the start of the trial, \nduring the jury selection process, the parties announced out of court settlement. The settlement was announced on March 24\nth, 2003 (Tulsa World, March 25, 2003). Details \nof the settlement are not yet available to the public, but it is expected that the settlement includes a mandate to the City of Decatur to upgrade its wastewater treatment. Just very \nrecently, Tulsa World reported (Tulsa World, April 27\nth, 2003), that the poultry \nintegrators prevent their growers from litter application to their land and from selling and 57giving out litter to other farmers. It is belie ved that this new development is directly \nlinked to the settlement. \n \nDefinition of the Problems Treated in the Economic Analysis \n \nIt is apparent from the numerous hydr ological studies conducted (Storm et al., \n2002, ORWB, 2002, OCC, 1997) as well as from th e legislative and litigation actions that \nreductions of phosphorus loads to lakes Eucha and Spavinaw are required. Since it is estimated that some 25 percent of the tota l phosphorus in the watershed is generated by \nthe City of Decatur point source and that over 65 percent of the load comes from \nagricultural enterprises, reductions of phos phorus emissions will have to be achieved \nfrom both sources. \nEconomic theory and applied studies (Johansson, 2000, Jenq, 1982), show that \nwhen there are both point and non-point sources of pollution in a watershed, \nopportunities for tradeoffs in abatement betw een the two types of sources exist. In \nparticular, there is an economically optimal, least-cost allocation of abatement between \npoint and non-point sources for any given le vel of pollutant emissions. This optimal \nabatement corresponds to the point where the marginal abatement costs at the point source are just equal to the marginal abatem ent costs from the non-point sources. Stated \ndifferently, the optimal abatement for the point source is where the cost of removing another unit of pollution from the point source is equal to the cost of removing another unit of pollution from the non-point sources. \nIn addition to point versus non-point s ource tradeoffs, there are considerable \neconomic tradeoffs regarding the abatement among the non-point sources. If the non- 58point agricultural sources are heterogeneous (non identical), the optimal, least cost \nsolution would require non-uniform levels of abatement at each non-point source. In \nparticular, it would be optimal to abate more at the non-point sources that have lower \nmarginal cost of abatement than at the non-poi nt sources that have higher marginal cost. \nAt the optimal level of abatement, the marg inal costs are equated across all point and \nnon-point sources of pollution. \nFor the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed, the poi nt source of phosphorus loading is the \nCity of Decatur that has a combined sewa ge treatment plant with a poultry processing \nfacility located in the town. The municipality currently emits an effluent with very high \nconcentration of phosphorus (ARDEQ, 2001) . The present study will consider a \nwastewater treatment technology that c ould be used to reduce the phosphorus \nconcentration of the effluent. The cost to use this technology to attain a given phosphorus \nabatement level will be calculated. Most non-point sources of phosphorus loading come \nfrom agricultural activities in the watershed, whereby poultry litter is applied to various \ncrops (pasture, hay, row crops). The study c onsiders several technologies and policies \nrelated to poultry litter management that coul d be used by agricultural producers in the \nwatershed to reduce phosphorus loading. The costs of these technologies to the agricultural producers are calculated. \nSince the goal is to reduce total phos phorus loading in the watershed, an \neconomic model was constructed to obtain a least cost solution to the set goal. The economic model was setup from the perspectiv e of a watershed manager interested in \noverall social well being. Abatement costs for point and the non-point sources were \nequated at the margin. In addition, the ec onomic model estimated the environmental 59damage costs caused by the phosphorus polluti on, represented by the additional cost for \ndrinking water treatment and by the loss of r ecreational values of the area lakes. The \nmodel then determined the optimal level of phosphorus abatement, accounting for both costs to the polluters (point and non-point s ources) and costs to the parties that suffer \nfrom pollution (City of Tulsa, recreation users, etc). This optimal level of abatement was \nobtained by equating marginal abatement costs with the marginal environmental damage \ncosts. \nIn a summary, the goals of the economic analysis in this study were to: 1) Determine the socially optimal leve l of phosphorus abatement in the Eucha- \nSpavinaw watershed. \n2) Determine the level of optimal phos phorus abatement at the point source, \ncorresponding to a particular level of use of the abatement technology. \n3) Determine the level of optimal phosphorus abatement from non-point sources. \n4) Determine the most cost effectiv e technologies and policies to reduce \nphosphorus loading. \n5) Determine the most efficient management practice (technology) for poultry \nlitter and/particular policy for land use for each spatially distinct area in the watershed. \n \n \n \n \n 60CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS \n \nThe conceptual framework for the economic analysis in this study is based on \nminimizing the sum of pollution abatement costs and environmental damage costs (Freeman, Haveman and Kneese, 1973). To explain this concept, let W represent the total \nsocial well-being. Then, the following relationship can be stated (2.1) W = M + E , \nwhere M represents the value of the market goods and services consumed in a society \n(poultry and agricultural crops for the study of interest), which are usually accounted for \nin the national accounts of a country and E represents the value of environmental services \ndirectly or indirectly consumed in a society (clean water). Define E* as the maximum \npotential value of environmental services obt ained from a pristine environment. Define D \nas the costs of environmental damages cau sed during the processes of production and \nconsumption of market goods and services (ex. difference in drinking water treatment \ncosts between treating polluted water and pr istine water). The value of environmental \nservices actually provided is then (2.2) E = E* - D . \nLet M* denote the maximum value of market goods and services that could be produced \nin a society when no resources are devoted to pollution abatement. Then (2.3) M = M* - A, \nwhere A represents the costs associated to pollution abatement technologies (ex. more \nexpensive poultry litter management practice th at reduces the phosphorus runoff, and/or \nmore expensive treatment of the municipal wastewater). The total social well-being function can then be written by substituting Eqs. (2.2) and (2.3) into Eq. (2.1) as 61(2.4) W = (M*- A) + (E*- D) =M* + E* - (A + D). \nSince M* and E* are fixed, the total social well- being can be maximized by minimizing \nthe sum of pollution abatement costs and environmental damage costs. \nSuppose that both the abatement costs a nd the damage costs are function of a \nsingle pollutant ( p - phosphorus). It follows from Eq.(2.4) that the social well-being will \nalso be a function of that pollutant. The following optimization problem arises \n(2.5) ( ))( )( * * )( max pDpA E M pW\np+−+= . \nTo obtain a solution to the above problem one needs to differentiate the well being \nfunction with respect to p and set the derivative equal to zero \n(2.6) dpdD\ndpdA\ndpdD\ndpdA\ndpdW= ⇒=−= - 0, \nwhere dA/dp represents marginal abatement (treatment) cost and dD/dp represents \nmarginal environmental damage costs. The minus sign before the marginal abatement cost simply indicates that they are “read” from right to left. Marginal abatement cost is \nthe change in treatment cost as an additiona l unit of pollutant is abated while marginal \ndamage cost is the change in the cost of environmental damages as an additional unit of \npollutant is discharged (not being abated). It follows directly from Eq. (2.6) that if the \nsocial well-being is to be maximized, the marginal abatement costs must be equal to the marginal environmental damage costs. Conse quently, the optimal level of abatement (the \none that will maximize W) occurs when the marginal cost of abating an additional unit of \npollutant is just equal to the marginal cost of environmental damages caused by that unit \nof pollutant. \n \n 62COSTS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE PHOSPHORUS \nLOADING \n \n \nNon-Point Source Phosphorus Abatement T echnologies and Associated Abatement \nCosts \n \n \nReducing Litter Application Rate \nOne way to reduce phosphorus loading is to reduce the amount of litter applied. \nSince the agricultural enterprises in the wate rshed are heterogenous with respect to grown \ncrops, soil types, and topography, it is to be expected that the optimal litter application \nrate would be different for each spatially dis tinct agricultural HRU. The optimality of the \nlitter application rate is regarded here bot h in relation to the crop yield response to \nnutrients applied with the litter (nitrogen and phosphorus) and in relation to the phosphorus runoff from any given HRU. The goal of economic modeling is to allocate \nthe litter produced in the watershed to the agricultural HRUs according to the economic \ncriterion of highest value of the marginal pr oduct and at the same time to account for the \ntotal phosphorus loading at the watershed level \n1. \nIn previous modeling (Storm et al.,2002), the litter was allocated on a sub-basin \nbasis, by allocating the litter produced in ever y sub-basin uniformly to the agricultural \nuses in that sub-basin. In the present st udy, a transportation component to the economic \nmodel was developed that allowed for litte r shipment among the sub-basins in the \nwatershed as well as shipping litter out of th e watershed. Transportation costs within the \nwatershed were estimated using the distances between sub-basins calculated with the Network Analyst Extension for ArcView. Th e costs for transporting litter out of the \nwatershed were approximated by using the potential for manure phosphorus application \n \n \n1 The value of the marginal product is defined as the value of the product (crop yield) produced by using an \nadditional unit of input (litter). 63of the surrounding counties in the states of Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas and Missouri \n(Gollehon et al., 2001) and estimated distances. The tr ansportation costs were computed \nby estimating the distance to haul the litter to the centroid of another county with \nsufficient capacity to receive manure phosphorus so that shipments of poultry litter could be made to that county. \nIf the farmers were required to reduce or halt the application of poultry litter on \ntheir land, they may choose to replace nitr ogen by purchasing and applying commercial \nfertilizer. Under the profit maximization hypothe sis, the farmers should apply nutrients \nup to the point where the value of the margin al product from nutrients is equal to the \nmarginal cost of purchasing commercial fertilizer. In most cases commercial nitrogen is more expensive than nitrogen from poultr y litter. Thus the study allows for lower \nnitrogen application rates with commercial fe rtilizer. Table 2.2, presents the alternative \nlitter application rates by agricultural land uses in the watershed and the quantities of \nnitrogen applied under the two alternative stra tegies regarding nitrogen replacement with \ncommercial fertilizer. Table 2.2. Alternative Litter Application Rates for Agricultural Land Uses and Quantity \nof Nitrogen Applied under N-Replacement (N w. replac.) and no N-Replacement (N w/o replac) strategies in the Eucha-Spavinaw Watershed (all rates in kg/ha). \nLand Uses \nHAY OPAS WPAS WWHT* \nLitter \nrate N w. \nreplac Nw/o \nreplac Litter \nrate N w. \nreplac Nw/o \nreplac Litter \nrate N w. \nreplac Nw/o \nreplac Litter \nrate N w. \nreplac Nw/o \nreplac \n6000 300 300 3230 161.5 161.5 6000 300 300 1950 132.7 132.7 \n4800 240 240 2585 130 130 4800 240 240 1560 113 113 \n4000 200 200 2154 107.7 107.7 4000 200 200 1300 100 100 \n3400 200 170 1830 107.7 91.5 3400 200 170 1105 100 90.5 \n3000 200 150 1615 107.7 81 3000 200 150 975 100 84 \n2000 200 100 1077 107.7 54 2000 200 100 650 100 68 \n1000 200 50 538 107.7 27 1000 200 50 325 100 51 \n0 200 0 0 107.7 0 0 200 0 0 100 35.2 \n* The row crop receives 35.2 kg/ha nitrogen irrespective of litter application rate. 64Phosphorus could only be applied using pou ltry litter (no substitution possibility with \ncommercial fertilizer) and for each litter app lication rate, the applied phosphorus was \ncalculated as 1.5 percent of the applied quantity of litter. The litter and nitrogen \napplication rates were based on fertilizati on recommendations. For grassland land uses \n(hay (HAY) and well-maintained pasture (WPAST)) the rates were based on OSU Extension Fact sheet F-2559. Based on reco mmendations, litter application rate of 4000 \nkg./ha was assumed as a base case applicati on rate. The two higher litter application rates \n(4800 kg/ha and 6000 kg/ha) assumed nitrogen al ways came from the poultry litter. The \nfive lower application rates in Table 2.2 assu med that nitrogen could be replaced or not \nfrom commercial fertilizer. Overgrazed past ure (OPAS) was assumed to receive less \nfertilizer that well-maintained pasture (WPAS). \nFor row crops, fertilizer recommendations were based on OSU enterprise budgets \nfor grazeout wheat, and on recommendations for green beans from various sources. These \nrecommendations are reflected in the base litte r application rate of 1300 kg/ha with two \nhigher and five lower litter application rates. \nThe SWAT model was run for each of the litter application rates and for the two \nnitrogen replacement strategies for a total of thirteen SWAT simulation runs. Yield, \nproduced biomass, grazed biomass and phos phorus runoff was read from the SWAT \noutput files for each of the 695 agricultural HR Us in the watershed. These results were \nused as inputs to the mathematical programming model discussed below. \nNet income from agricultural activities was estimated by using data from the \nSWAT model (yield and biomass data), th e Oklahoma State University Enterprise \nBudgets (OCES, 2003), from various pub lished (USDA, 2002) and from unpublished 65(personal communications) sources. An overv iew of the major prices used in the \ncomputations is provided in Table 2.3. \nTable 2.3. Prices, Costs and Conversion F actors Used in Estimating Income from \nAgricultural Activities in the Eucha –Spavinaw Watershed. \nPrices: Cost : \nHay $60/ton Litter appl. $4/ton \nBeef $1300/ton Urea appl. $12/ha. \nGreen beans $230/ton Urea $200/ton Alum $220/ton \nConversion: Transportation \ncosts of litter \n$0.12/ton/mile \nMixed pasture/Beef 10 kg / 1 kg \nWheat pasture/ Beef 7 kg / 1 kg \n \nThe net incomes for the four agricultura l enterprises: HAY, overgrazed pasture \n(OPAS); well-maintained pasture, (WPAS); and row crop, (WWHT); in each HRU were \nestimated by using the OSU enterprise budge ts (OCES, 2003). Revenues for hay was \ncalculated using the prices in Table 2.3 and the yields obtained from the SWAT output. \nNet income was obtained as difference betw een revenues and costs. Revenues for well-\nmaintained and overgrazed pasture were estim ated using the exogenous price for beef and \nthe calculated annual beef weight gain from the SWAT output. There was a difference in \nthe cost structure for well-maintained and overgrazed pasture because of differences in management. Net income for the row crop wa s estimated by using the enterprise budget \nfor grazeout wheat, the exogenous price for b eef and the SWAT based calculations for \nbeef weight gain and an enterprise budget for green beans. \n \nUsing Alum to Reduce Phosphorus Loading \nAluminum sulfate has been known for its potential to tie up soil labile phosphorus \nand transform it into more stable alumi num phosphate compounds that are not readily 66soluble and hence are not available for plan t and algae uptake (Moore and Miller, 1994). \nThe possibility to add aluminum sulfate to the litter was modeled using data published in \nMoore (1999). The alum product is added to litte r in the poultry house in ratio of 1 part \nalum to 10 parts litter. Alum ties up phos phorus, thereby significantly reducing the \npotential for soluble phosphorus runoff once the litter is applied to the agricultural land. \nThe reduction of phosphorus runoff with alum addition is estimated using the experimental data published by Moore (1999) from a controlled small-scale watershed \nexperiment. The experiments showed that the addition of alum reduced the phosphorus \nrunoff attributed to litter application by 75 percent. This result may be represented as (2.7.) Prunoff alum = ((1- 0.75)(P current - P zero)) + P zero, \nwhere P current is the phosphorus runoff under given litter application rate and P zero is \nthe phosphorus runoff under zero application ra te. Phosphorus runoff occurs even if no \nlitter is applied because of phosphorus already in the soil. The net income estimates from \nthe agricultural activities in HRUs where alum was added to the litter were lowered by 2 \npercent. Some studies found that the use of alum sulfate increases the income to the \npoultry growers, which is attributable to the reduction of ammonia emissions and \nconsequent reductions of health relate d costs and ventilation costs as well as \nimprovement in growth performance (Moore, 1999). However, a confirmation to this \nfinding is not widely observed in the practice. Even if these economic effects of treating \nthe litter with alum are present, they pertain to the poultry growers and integrators and are \nnot necessarily passed on to crop and cattle growers. The reason for this may be asymmetric information and/or income distri bution problems. It is conceivable to think 67that adding alum would inflict some costs, at least to crop producing farmers. Therefore a \nsmall, arbitrary reduction of income was assumed. \nThe possibility to add alum to the litter is treated as management practice for \nreduction of phosphorus loading in the waters hed. Alum treated litter was regarded as a \nresource separate from the non-treated litter. In effect, the economic model takes the litter \nas produced in the poultry house and either a llocates it to alum treated or non-treated \nlitter. Both types of litter can be shipped between the sub-basins in the watershed. Finally, the model can apply one of the two types of litter at previously defined litter \napplication rates to each agricultural HRU in the watershed. The litter application rates \nare the same as described in Table 2.2. Thus , including alum, the various litter application \nrates and the two strategies for nitrogen repl acement there were twenty-four distinct litter \nmanagement activities defined for each of th e 694 HRU’s (13 SWAT runs which can be \neither with alum treated or non-treated litter except for the zero litter application rate, \nwhere obviously no alum is applied, hence 13 + 11 = 24). \n \nLitter Application According to Soil Test Phosphorus (STP) \nAnother possible management strategy for the watershed as a whole would be to allow \nlitter application only to those soils where th e Soil Test Phosphorus is not higher than \ncertain prescribed values. For Oklahoma, this value is often stated as a STP value of 120 \n(120 lbs of P per acre), as de scribed in OSU Extension Fact sheet F-2249. At this value, \nthe soil has sufficient phosphorus that could be used for plant uptake. A high proportion \nof any additional phosphorus applied to thos e soils would runoff during storm events. \nTherefore, the usual recommendation is not to apply poultry litter on the soils with STP \nhigher than 120. This recommendation was not followed in the Eucha-Spavinaw 68watershed in the past, especially not on the Arkansas side of the watershed where the \nlitter is continuously used for its nitrogen fe rtilizer value. Thresholds of 200, 250 and 350 \nlbs per acre were also considered 2. \nThe strategy of applying poultry litter only to soils with STP values lower than a \ngiven threshold is directed toward reduc ing phosphorus loading in the watershed by \npreventing the runoff of the excess phosphorus during the storm events. This strategy is representative of the “command and control” regulatory approach, where threshold standards are set and enforced. This po licy was modeled by not allowing for litter \napplication on the agricultural land where STP was higher than a given threshold value. \nOn the land where litter application wa s allowed (STP lower than a given \nthreshold value) various litter application rates, using alum treated or untreated litter were \nallowed as modeling options. Net income from agricultural activities for both HRU’s that received litter and those that did not was cal culated using the procedures and data \ndescribed above. \nMandatory abatement at the point source level was coupled with the STP based \nlitter application policy. Instituting mandatory point source abatement has the characteristics of “command and control” regulatory approach and is consistent with the STP based watershed management strategy. The rationale for this was that if the “watershed manager” were going to use the STP based criterion for the non-point sources, it would have used the mandatory ab atement at the point source as well. The \n \n \n2 Litter application is not recommended to any soil w ith STP higher than 120. In the economic analysis \nhowever the threshold values of 200, 250 and 350 were also included, to analyze the changes in the net \nincome and in the transportation patterns when the STP criterion is relaxed. \n 69mandatory abatement at the point source was set to achieve phosphorus concentration of \nthe effluent of 1 mg/l. \nThe main issue from an economic perspec tive, is that the litter produced in the \nwatershed has to be either land applied in the watershed (or used in some other activity, like methane and electricity generation) or be transported out of the watershed. If litter \napplication is restricted only to soils with STP values lower than 120 or other threshold value, a great proportion of litter produced in the watershed could not be land applied. \nThis was modeled by allowing for transportation of excess litter outside of the watershed. The distances necessary to haul litter out of the watershed were determined by locating \ncounties in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma to the East, North, West and South of the watershed where there is a potential for manure phosphorus application \n(Gollehon et al ., 2001). Average transportation cost s were calculated using average \ndistance to the counties centroids in each direction and per ton mile transportation cost. \n \nChanges in Land Use Patterns Directed Towards Reduction of Phosphorus Loading \nAs noted above, the agricultural land in the watershed is classified into four land \nuse classes. Figure 2.5 represents the distribution of land area by agricultural land uses. \n13402\n654223250\n2625\n0500010000150002000025000\nHAY OAST WPAS WWHTLand use in\nhectares\n \nHAY = hay, OAST = overgrazed pasture, WPAS = maintained pasture, WWHT = row crop. \n \n Figure 2.6. Agricultural Land Area by Land Uses in the Eucha-Spavinaw Watershed 70As shown in Figure 2.5, the greatest land area is occupied by well-maintained pasture, \nfollowed by hay, overgrazed pasture and row cr op. However, previous studies (Storm et \nal., 2002) (Ancev et al., 2003) found that despite the small land area they occupy, \novergrazed pasture and row crop contribute relatively more to the phosphorus loading than do hay and well-maintained pasture. It wa s therefore decided to model the effect of \npotential land use change, whereby a conversion of overgrazed pasture to well-maintained pasture and conversion of row cr ops to hay was simulated. The decision was \nbased on the fact that overgrazed pasture is situated on the land with similar characteristics to the well-maintained pasture, and main differences between the two land \nuses are with respect to quantity of applied nutrients (nitrogen, lower for the overgrazed pasture) and the minimum biomass when th e grazing is allowed to begin (minimum \nbiomass is lower for the overgrazed pasture). The parameters that control these characteristics were reconfigured in the SWAT model to simulate the land use \nconversion. In a similar fashion the conversi on from row crop to hay was simulated. The \nsame rates of litter application as descri bed in Table 2.2 were used for the newly \nsimulated agricultural enterprises in the watershed. Net income from the agricultural activities was calculated according to previously described procedures and data. \nThe study simulated two types of la nd use change policies. One type \ncorresponded to mandatory uniform conversion where all land under overgrazed pasture and row crop was converted to well-maintain ed pasture and hay respectively. The other \npolicy type corresponded to site-specific ( optimal) land use conversion, where land areas \nwere chosen for conversion based on th eir economic characteristics and phosphorus \nrunoff potential. \n 71Point Source Phosphorus Abatement Techno logy and Associated Abatement Costs \n \nThe City of Decatur, Arkansas is a ma jor source of phosphorus loading in the \nEucha-Spavinaw watershed. The reason is that the Peterson Farms poultry processing \nplant is located there. As is case in many small communities in the US (Rossi, Young and \nEpp, 1979), the wastewater treatment proce ss for the municipality and the processing \nplant is combined in order to achieve greater economic efficiency. The current \nwastewater treatment system in the City of Decatur consists of treatment in bioreactors. \nThis system discharges on average 1.16 million gallons per day (MGD) of flow into a surface water stream (Colombia Hollow). Some of the characteristics of the effluent are \npresented in the following table. Table 2.4. Average Characteristics of the Efflue nt from the City of Decatur Sewage \nTreatment Plant for the period 1/31/1990 to 3/31/2001 \n \n \n \n \nSource: Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality \n * Measures of P concentration start from 11/30/1997. \nTable 2.4 shows the effluent has a ve ry high phosphorus concentration. The \nliterature reports a value of around 1 mg./l phosphorus concentration of the effluent when using best available technology (Metcalf&Eddy, 2003). The concentration of the effluent \nfrom Decatur exceeds this benchmark by more than six times and consequently contributes an average of 11,686 kilograms of phosphorus per year to lake Eucha. This \nrepresents 24 percent of the estimated to tal phosphorus load of 48,000 kilograms (Storm \net al., 2002). Therefore, a reduction of phosphorus concentration in the effluent from the Average \nDaily Flow Average \npH value Average \nconcentration of phosphorus* Average \nconcentration of nitrates Average \nconcentration of ammonia Average \nconcentration of BOD \nMGD Value mg./l mg./l mg./l mg./l \n1.16 6.647 6.549 25.09 8.05 3.74 72City of Decatur may provide significant and cost effective reduction of total phosphorus \nload. \nIn order to model the cost of phosphorus abatement in the wastewater effluent \nfrom the City of Decatur, a specific design for the additional wastewater treatment had to be modeled. A system of chemical treatment using aluminum sulfate was chosen due to \nits relative simplicity and cost effectiveness for comparably small treatment plants. The \nprocess is based on the chemical reaction involving the aluminum ion (Metcalf&Eddy), \n(2.8) Al\n+++ + H n PO 43-n ↔ AlPO 4 + nH+. \nThe aluminum ion precipitates phosphorus as flocs of aluminum phosphate that \ncan be removed from wastewater in a fo rm of sludge. The effectiveness of alum \nprecipitation for reduction of phosphorus concen tration in wastewater has been reported \nfor a number of North American and European wastewater treatment plants (Klute and \nHerman, 1994), (WPCF, 1983). \nThe particular design used to estimat e the costs of phosphorus abatement is \npresented in the Appendix Figure A.2.1. The design consists of several components: \nStructures and equipment for alum addition; Settling basin for flocs; Gravity thickener for \nprimary sludge; Liquid/Solid Separation fo r secondary sludge; Transportation and \nlandfilling of wastewater treatment residuals (WWTR). 1) Structures and Equipment for Alum addition \nThe structures and equipment for alum a ddition consist of storage for the alum \nproduct, conveyors, feeder, dissolver, holdi ng tank, a pump and a flocculation chamber. \nThe design and cost estimation is based on EPA, (1980), Fact Sheet 5.1.1. Since the cost 73calculations by EPA (1980) are based on an al um dose of 200mg./l , the effective flow \nwas calculated for alternative alum dosages by using the suggested formula: \nQE = Q D * (Actual Alum Dose / 200 mg/l), \nwhere Q E is the effective flow and Q D is the design flow (equal to the average daily flow \nof 1.16 MGD). Construction costs for each effec tive flow were then read from the cost \ncurve provided in the fact sheet. Operation a nd maintenance cost net of chemical cost \n(since the alum usage and price ($0.06/lbs) we re obtained outside the fact sheet) for each \neffective flow were also read from the corre sponding cost curve. Since the cost data in \nthe fact sheet are expressed in 1976 prices, th e costs were inflated by the factor 2.4514 to \nobtain current cost levels. This factor was determined by using an inflation calculator for \nadjusting costs from one year to anothe r using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) \nDeflator inflation index available at NASA web site (NASA, 2003). The inflation \ncalculator is based on the inflation rate dur ing the US Government Fiscal Year, which \nbegins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The calculator is able to compute \ninflation for years 1940 to 2005. \nThe construction costs (capital costs) were annualized using the suggested 20-year \namortization period and 6 percent interest ra te. Total annual costs of alum addition were \nobtained as a sum of annualized capital costs and operation and maintenance cost. \n \n2) Settling basin for flocculation. \nAfter alum is added and flocculation is completed, the wastewater is directed \ntoward a settling tank where the flocs settle a nd form sludge, which is collected in the \nbottom of the tank and released from ther e. The designed size of the settling tank was 74based on hydraulic retention time of 120 minut es, degree of flocculation of 30, on mean \nvelocity gradient of 20, and safety factor of 10 percent (Henze et al.,1983). \nThe capacity of the settling tank was cal culated at 106,400 gallons as a function \nof the average daily flow of wastewater a nd the required retention time, increased by the \nsafety factor percentage. The cost of c onstructing the settling tank was obtained by using \nthe data from MEANS Construction Costs ( 2000) (page 444). The costs for the desired \ncapacity were extrapolated using the estimated function: Y = 8.19*X -.3815, where Y is the \ncost in $/gallon and X is the capacity of the tank in thousand gallons. It was assumed that \nthe sludge settled and removed from the settli ng tank contained 2 percent solids (Sitig, \n1969). The relationship between sludge creati on and alum addition was adopted from \nKlute and Hahn (1994) as 7 grams of sludge for each gram of alum added. \n \n3) Gravity thickener for primary sludge \nAfter exiting the settling tank, the sludge is directed through a gravity thickener in \norder to achieve higher concentration of solid s and reduce the disposal costs. The design \nof gravity thickening process and estimation of associated costs were also based on EPA \n(1980), Fact Sheet 6.3.7. The calculations assumed three days retention time. The effective flow for various alum dosages and hence for various sludge quantities were \ncalculated according to the proposed formula: \nQ\nE = Q D * [new sludge mass / 820 lb/MGD of flow], \nwhere Q E is the effective flow and Q D is the design flow (average daily flow of 1.16 \nMGD). The construction costs were read from the cost curve in the fact sheet for each \neffective flow. Operation and maintenance costs were calculated in a similar manner 75using the provided cost curve. Costs were tr anslated to current prices using the above-\nmentioned inflation calculator. The construc tion costs were annualized using a 20 year \namortization period and 6 percent interest ra te. Total annual costs were calculated as a \nsum of the annualized construction and operati on costs. The solids concentration of the \nsludge exiting the gravity thickener was assumed to be 10 percent. 4) Liquid/Solid Separation for secondary sludge \nThe sludge from the thickener was passed over an inclined screen separator in \norder to achieve greater solids concentration. The cost of separation is a function of the \nvolume of sludge coming from the thickener, which was directly related to the alum \ndosage used. The Department of Agricultura l Economics, Oklahoma State University has \ndeveloped a swine waste management decisi on support system, which contains a routine \nfor calculating Liquid/Solid separation costs (Ancev, Stoecker and Carreira, 2001). The \ndecision support system was used to generate estimates of separation costs for various \nvolumes of sludge coming form the thickener. Final waste materials after the separation were wastewater residuals that contain 40-50 percent solids. \n \n5) Transportation and landfilling of wastewater treatment residuals (WWTR) \nIt was assumed the WWTR were transported 10 miles to a landfill site at cost of \n$20 per cubic yard, (MEANS 2000, page 64). A landfilling fee of $40 per ton was also \nassumed (MEANS 2000, page 50). \nThe actual cost calculations for all alum dosages are given in the Appendix Table \nA.2.1. These costs in effect represent abatemen t costs at the point source. For each alum 76dosage there is a corresponding level of phosphorus abatement and associated abatement \ncost. Abatement costs at the point source of phosphorus loading are used subsequently in \nthe mathematical programming model, to de termine marginal abatement costs for the \nwhole watershed. \nENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE COSTS \n \nThe study focused only on two types of environmental damages caused by \nphosphorus pollution in the watershed. One was the impairment of the quality of drinking \nwater for the City of Tulsa (OWRB, 2002) and the other was the loss of recreational \nvalues of the area lakes, as reflected in the drastic reduction in the reported number of \nannual visits (OCC, 1997, OTRD, 2003)). Other possible environmental damages, such \nas long-term ecological values, were not treated because of lack of data. \n \nCosts for Additional Drinking Water Treatment \n \nThe costs of additional drinking water treatment to the City of Tulsa are \ndependent on the taste and odor characteristics of the water, which are in turn determined by the concentration levels of the two chem icals, Geosmin and MIB (methyl iso-borneol) \nin the drinking water. These chemicals are pr oduced in the process of algae die-off and \nare believed to cause the bad odor and ta ste of the water (OWRB, 2002). The OWRB \nconducted a thorough analysis on the algae co mmunity and chemicals related to water \nodor and taste in the Eucha and Spavinaw lakes. The study found increasing algae \npopulation in the lakes and increasing producti on of Geosmin and MIB. In recent years, 77the City of Tulsa has closely monitored th e odor and taste characteristics of its water \nsupply. Figure 2.6 provides information about th e Geosmin and MIB concentration in the \nwater at the lake Eucha Dam, as well as the taste and odor complaints for supplied water. \nTo control the odor and taste causing ch emicals, the Tulsa Municipal Utility \nAuthority (TMUA) is using additional filtra tion with powdered activated carbon at the \nMohawk water treatment plant. Alternativel y, the raw water supply to the Mohawk plant \nwas occasionally diverted from Lake Spavinaw to Lake Hudson. \nEucha Dam\n0.050.0100.0150.0200.0250.0300.0350.0400.0450.0\n3/17/1999\n2/29/2000\n4/10/2000\n5/22/2000\n 7/11/00\n 8/22/00\n10/16/00\n11/20/00\n 1/ 8/01\n 2/ 7/01\n 4/10/01\n 6/ 6/01\n 7/11/01 8/22/01\n10/10/01\n11/14/01\n12/10/2001\n 1/ 7/02\n 1/30/02\n2/25/02\n4/8/2002\n6/11/2002\n7/22/2002\n8/26/2002\n10/7/2002\n11/18/2002\n1/6/2003\nDateng/L\nGeosmin MIBTaste and Odor Event\nDecember 21 , 2001\nTreated Lake Yahola EarthTec\nNovemeber 2001GAC Filter Media Installed\nOctober 2000 - April 2001\nLake Hudson Water\nNovember 2000 - January 2001\n Source: The City of Tulsa \nFigure 2.7. Geosmin and MIB Concentration and Taste and Odor Complaints. \n \nThus, the costs imposed on the City of Tulsa due to high concentrations of \nGeosmin and MIB, consist of costs for add itional use of powdered activated carbon in \nwater treatment and costs of pumping from an alternative water reservoir. The powdered \nactivated carbon (PAC) is effective in rem oving odor and improving the taste of drinking 78water (AWWA, 2001), but is quite costly (the price of PAC is $0.2/kg.). Diverting the \nwater supply from Lake Spavinaw to wate r supply from Lake Hudson greatly reduces \nchemical treatment costs (very little or no PAC used) but inflicts high pumping costs \n($61.44 per million gallons). The data on water treatment costs were obtained from the \nCity of Tulsa. \nRegression analysis was used to estimate the costs for the additional drinking \nwater treatment to the City of Tulsa. Ob served average annual costs for PAC use and \npumping costs from Lake Hudson were regre ssed on the SWAT simulated average levels \nof phosphorus loading in the watershed. The estimated equation (t-values in parenthesis) (2.9) C T\nt = -226394 + 11.14 Z t , \n (-5.36) (10.08) \n \nwhere CTt denotes the average annual costs to th e City of Tulsa at phosphorus loading \nlevel t, and Zt is the observed average phosphorus load of level t, had an R2 of 0.971. The \nestimated equation indicates strong positive linear relationship between the average annual phosphorus loading in the watershed a nd the average annual costs of additional \ndrinking water treatment for the City of Tuls a. This is expected since the high phosphorus \nload results in intensive algae growth, which in turn results in production of Geosmin and \nMIB. It should be noted that average annual da ta were analyzed and that the distribution \nof costs and phosphorus loading within a y ear reflects the lagged effects of phosphorus \nloading on the Geosmin and MIB production. Resu lts from the regression analysis were \nused in the subsequent computations of th e total and marginal environmental damage \ncosts. \n 79 \nCosts of Reduced Recreational Values \n \nThe Eucha-Spavinaw watershed is located in the Ozark region of East Oklahoma, and is \ncharacterized with hilly landscape, forested areas and attractive water bodies. This makes \nthe region attractive for recreation activities th at range from picnicking and fishing to \ncamping and motor boating. The watershed is hom e to two state parks, Lake Eucha State \nPark and Spavinaw State Park, which were once very popular recreational sites. \nHowever, during the last decade the number of recreational visits to the two state parks \ndecreased sharply (OTRD, 2003). This is in spite of the fact that the number of visits to \nthe state parks for the whole region of Nort h-East Oklahoma remained fairly stable \nduring the same time period. Figure 2.7. pres ents combined data on the number of \nvisitors to the Eucha-Spavinaw state pa rks over the 1990-2001. Figure 2.8. presents data \non the number of visitors to all state parks in North -East Oklahoma for the same period. \n \n Annual visits to Eucha&Spavinaw state parks\n050,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000\n1990\n1991\n1992\n1993\n1994\n1995\n1996\n1997\n1998\n1999\n2000\n2001No. of annual visits \n \n Source: Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department \n \nFigure 2.8. Number of Annual Recreational Visits to Eucha-Spavinaw State Parks 80As Figure 2.7 suggests, the two state park s have experienced sharp drop in the \nannual number of visitors, from 265,000 visits in 1990 to a little less than 100,000 visits in 2001. In the same time, the number of recreati onal visits to all state parks in the North \nEastern Oklahoma remained relatively stable at about 3,300,000 per year. \nAnnual state park visits in North-Eastern Oklahoma\n0500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,000\n1990\n1991\n1992\n199319941995\n1996\n199719981999\n2000\n2001No. of annual visits\n \n Source: Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department \n \nFigure 2.9. Number of Annual Recreational Visits to All State Parks in North Eastern \nOklahoma. \n \n \nThis reduction in the number of visits to Eucha and Spavinaw State Parks may be \ninterpreted as a shift of recreational visits away from lakes Eucha and Spavinaw and \ntoward other recreational sites in the ar ea for the period 1990-2001. During this period, a \nsignificant increase in phosphorus loading in the watershed occurred and was followed by \nthe increases in the phosphorus concentration in the lakes. This in turn ultimately resulted \nin eutrophication and in reduction of the subjective value of recreational experience (Feenberg and Mills, 1980). In the same peri od, there were significant public debates and \nnumerous media reports regarding phosphorus pollution and the poultry industry in the \nEucha-Spavinaw watershed (Tulsa World, va rious issues). The effect of the actual 81increase in the phosphorus loading to the la kes combined with the media reports and \npublic debates, most probably played an impor tant role leading toward drastic reduction \nof annual visits to the Eucha and Spavinaw La kes. The analysis of the available visitation \ndata for the Oklahoma State Parks did not rev eal any other significant aspect that could \nbe used to explain the reduction of annual visitation to the Eucha/Spavinaw state parks. \nThis reduction in annual visitation however, implies monetary costs to the current \nparticipants in recreation that travel to other sites when they would prefer a recreational experience at Eucha/Spavinaw state parks, were the water quality acceptable (revealed \npreference). Losses also accrue to current non-participants in recreation who would \nparticipate in recreation at Eucha/Spavinaw state parks if the phosphorus loading to the \nlakes were lower. These monetary losses can be expressed in economic terms as losses of \nConsumer Surplus. Consumer Surplus measur es the gain for the consumer from being \nable to buy a product (recreation) of a gi ven quality (phosphorus concentration, water \nclarity) below its reservation price (maximum willingness-to-pay). This is graphically \nrepresented in Figure 2.9. \n d \n CS \n P \n Demand \n Q \nFigure 2.10. Illustrative Example of Consumer Surplus. \n \nIn the figure, the horizontal axis represen ts the quantity (number of visits) and the \nvertical axis represents the price (cost of trav el to the site, cost of entrance fee etc.). Let d 82represent the maximum willingness-to-pay for the recreation at a particular site, \ncorresponding to a price above which no visits to the site would be made. At prices lower than this, some visits to the r ecreational sites will be made. Let P denote the actual price \nthat has to be paid to travel to and experi ence recreation at a given site. Then, the triangle \narea labeled CS denotes the consumer surplus at the price P. As the actual price increases \nthe consumer surplus declines, while as the actual price decreases the consumer surplus \nrises. In economic terms, the consumer surplus is known as the area under the demand \ncurve and above the price. The travel cost method, which uses costs of travel to the recreation sites to represent the price for recreation, was used to derive the costs of lost recreational values \ndue to increased phosphorus loading and phos phorus concentration of the area lakes \n(Bockstael et al., 1991). The concept of travel cost uses estimates of the costs to travel to \nand from a recreational site, as well as the co sts for preparation, gear, and entrance fees, \nto estimate a demand function for recreation at a particular site. The costs of lost \nrecreational values are approximated as changes in the consumer surplus under various levels of phosphorus concentration in the lake s. In particular, it was assumed that the \nmaximum willingness-to-pay (MWTP) for recreation changes as the phosphorus concentration in the lake changes. At hi gher levels of phosphorus concentration the \nMWTP for recreation is lower, while at lo wer levels of phosphorus concentration the \nMWTP is higher. This is graphically re presented in Figure 2.10 where the number of \nvisits decline from Q\n1 to Q2 as the MWTP declines from d1 to d2. \nIn the figure, d1 corresponds to maximum willingness-to-pay for recreation at \nbetter water quality, say WC 1 (lower phosphorus concentration), while d2 corresponds to 83 \n d1 \n d\n2 \n C1 P C2 \n Demand 1 \n Demand 2 \n Q\n2 Q 1 Q \nFigure 2.11. Changes in Consumer Surplus from Recreation under Various Levels of \nPhosphorus Concentration in the Lakes due to Changes in the Maximum Willingness-to-Pay \n \nmaximum willingness-to-pay for recreation at lower water quality, WC\n2 (higher \nphosphorus concentration). Consumer surplus under the better water quality is represented by the triangle area bounded by d\n1, P and C1. Consumer surplus under the \nlower water quality is represented by the triangle area bounded by d2, P and C2. The \ndifference between them, marked by the area d1, d2, C1 and C2 represents the change in \nconsumer surplus. This change can be interpreted as a benefit obtained by increasing \nwater quality from WC 2 to WC 1, or equivalently as a loss in recreational values when the \nwater quality decreases from WC 1 to WC 2. This concept is used to empirically estimate \nthe losses in recreational values under altern ative phosphorus concentrations of water in \nthe Eucha and Spavinaw lakes. \nData on annual visitations to the Eucha and Spavinaw state parks were obtained \nfrom the Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation De partment (OTRD, 2003). Visitors to the \nlakes were divided in iso-travel cost zone s according to survey results published in a \nreport by the Oklahoma Conservation Commi ssion (OCC, 1997). The iso-travel cost \nzones are geographic zones from which it would cost approximately the same to travel to 84a given recreational site. Four iso-travel zones were identified for the lakes Eucha and \nSpavinaw: Zone 1 – Tulsa Metropolitan Area, Zone 2 - Siloam Springs and Fayetteville, \nAR, Zone 3- visitors from Oklahoma other than Tulsa (mainly including cities and towns \non the East of Tulsa), and Zone 4 – Local area (communities of Jay, Spavinaw and other \nsmaller communities). Travel cost from each zone was calculated using road distances and average gasoline consumption and prices. The value of time spend on recreation (McConnel, 1992) was incorporated in the travel cost estimates using income data (USDC, 2000) to estimate the hourly earnings. \nDemand equation for recreation in price flexibility form was estimated according \nto the following model \n(2.10.) TC\nl = ∑\n=12\n11\nkk kDd + d 2Ql, \nwhere TCl denotes the travel cost to the recreational site from the lth zone, d1k denotes \nmaximum willingness-to-pay at a given level of phosphorus concentration, Dk is a \ndummy variable for each level of phosphorus concentration (twelve levels, k), and Ql is \nthe observed number of visits from the zone l 3. The results from the estimation are \npresented in Table A2.3 in the Appendi x. The estimated maximum willingness–to–pay \nparameters were regressed on the observe d phosphorus concentration to yield the \nfollowing estimated equation (t-values in parenthesis) (2.11.) d\n1k = 72.7 – 788.5 PCk , \n (4.93) (-2.1) \n \nwhere PC is the observed phosphorus concentration in the lakes. Data published in \nOWRB, 2002, pp-120-121 were used to convert the phosphorus concentration to \n \n3 Dummy variable ( or indicator variable) in this case is defined as unity at some particular level of k and \nzero otherwise . For example, D1 =1 for d11 and zero otherwise. 85phosphorus loading. Consequently, distinct in tercepts (maximum willingness-to-pay) for \neach level of phosphorus loading in the waters hed were calculated. The calculation of the \nconsumer surplus and the change in the c onsumer surplus at the various levels of \nphosphorus load were conducted using the sta ndard procedures as described above. The \nresults are provided in Table A 2.3. in the Appendix. \n \nEstimates for Total and Marginal Environmental Damage Costs \n \nThe sum of costs for drinking water treatme nt that City of Tulsa incurs and the \ncost of recreational losses calculated a bove result in an estimate of the total \nenvironmental damage cost for the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed 4. As noted in the \nconceptual framework presentation, derivati on of the marginal environmental damage \ncosts may be quite useful for the further discussion. \n The marginal damage costs could be obtained by first expressing the total \ndamage costs as a function of phosphorus lo ad and by differentiating the function with \nrespect to the phosphorus load. The estimated total damage cost as a function of \nphosphorus load in the watershed was (t-values in parenthesis) (2.12.) DC= 585446.9 – 59.93 Zmax + 0.0015 Zmax\n2, \n (10.25) (-15.45) (25.18) \n \nwhere DC is the total damage cost and Z is the phosphorus load in the watershed. The \nmarginal damage cost is then (2.13.) MDC = -59.93 + 0.003 Zmax . \nMarginal damage costs expressed in this way are used in the subsequent discussion. \n \n \n4 The word “total” here is meant to make a distin ction from the word “marginal” . It is not claimed that \nthese environmental cost estimates comprise all possibl e environmental damages in the watershed, so that \nthe word “total” does not have a meaning of “all” environmental damages. 86 \nLINEAR PROGRAMMING SOLUTIONS \n \n \nTo find the least cost way to achieve a ny given level of phosphorus loading in the \nwatershed, litter management practices are to be optimally allocated to agricultural \nenterprises (non-point sources of phosphorus loading), and the level of wastewater \ntreatment is to be optimally assigned to the wastewater treatment plant at the City of Decatur (point source of phosphorus loading). In particular, the objective of the model \nwas set to maximize the sum of agricultural income from all agricultural HRUs in the \nwatershed minus the costs to the point source and the costs of transportation of litter, by \nchoosing litter management practices and wastewater treatment level to meet a certain limit on total phosphorus loading in the entire watershed. This is best represented in the linear programming framework, which can be mathematically stated as, \n (2.14.1) \nbbB\nbtsr\nssr\nrtq q q\nqijN\nijijYXctTt cTt Y Z PSC X\nqij∑∑ ∑∑∑ ∑ ∑∑\n== === = ==− − −Π\n12\n1695\n1695\n12\n135\n1 1695\n1,*)( * max \n subject to \n(2.14.2) 1 =∑\niijX and Xij ≥ 0 (Select the most profitable BMP in each HRU) \n(2.14.3) ∑=\nqqY 1 and Yq ≥ 0 (Select a level of phosphorus abat. at point source) \n \n(2.14.4) Ts = ∑\n=2\n1tstT (t =1 for litter without alum, 2 for alum) \n \n(2.14.5) Tst = T sst + T rst - T rst , s ≠ r (All litter applied or shipped out of the \nwatershed) \n \n(2.14.6) Zq +∑∑\n==≤N\nijij ij Z XZ\n1694\n1max, (total phosphorus loading less than Z max) 87where: \nΠij is the net income from the ith BMP in jth HRU, \nXij denotes the adoption of the ith BMP in the jth HRU. \nPSC q is point source abatement cost for the qth level of phosphorus abatement ( Yq). \nTs is the total quantity of litter in produced in sth subbasin. \nTtsr is the quantity of litter with treatment t shipped from the sth to the rth sub basin5. \nctsr is the cost of transporting litter with treatment t from the sth to the rth sub-basin. \nTb is the quantity of litter shipped out of the watershed from point b. \nZij is the amount of phosphorus runoff in tons from the jth HRU under the ith BMP. \nZq is the qth level of phosphorus loading from the point source. \nZmax is total allowed phosphorus loading, \n \nThe quantity of allowed phosphorus loading in the watershed, \nZmax was varied \nfrom 18000 to 46000 kilograms per year. Th e upper level of 46000 kg./year corresponds \nto the estimate of total current phosphorus loading in the watershed from the non-point \nagricultural sources and the point source (Storm et al., 2002). The lowest level of 18000 \nkg/year corresponds to the estimated phosphorus load if no litter were applied in the \nwatershed and if all agricultural land us es received the required nitrogen from \ncommercial fertilizer, and also there were no phosphorus loading from the point source \n(maximum abatement at the point source) 6. The intermediate phosphorus loading targets, \n(40000, 35000, 30000, 25000, 20000 (all in kg/year)) were chosen to determine how the \nmarginal abatement cost curve changed as the amount of abatement changed. The \nprogram was solved using standard MPS linear programming format in the C-WHIZ Version 4 Linear Programming Optimizer (Ketron Management Science). \n \n \n \n5 The SWAT model divides the watershed in total of sixty nine subbasins. \n6 In the modeling of phosphorus loading within the SWAT framework the quantity of nitrogen applied, \nwhether from litter or commercial fertilizer is of great importance. If too little or no nitrogen is applied, the agricultural land uses will have fairly low intensity of land cover, which will promote higher erosion and \nrunoff. For this reason, hydrologic modelers use constant quantity of nitrogen applied to determine the \neffects of variation of litter appli cation on phosphorus loading. In an economic analysis however, allowing \nfor a choice whether to substitute nitrogen with commercial fertilizer when litter application is reduced is of \nsignificant importance as discussed above. 88 As noted above, the notation Xij denotes the ith litter management practice which \ncan be chosen in the jth HRU of the watershed. The basic litter management practices \nwere described above as twenty-four distinct activities (eight litter application rates using \neither alum treated or non-treated litter and substituting for nitrogen with commercial fertilizer for lower litter application rates). Th ese base activities were used for the linear \nprogramming runs under four distinct simulate d policies. The policies differ by the set of \nchoices (options) available for reducing phosphorus loading in the watershed from the non-point sources. The abatement technology at the point source was the same across \neach of the alternative policies, but the amount of abatement was optimally chosen. \nPolicy 1 – Using the Litter Management Practices \nThe first policy was the one that used only the described basic twenty-four litter \nmanagement practices and point source abatement to meet a phosphorous target. The \nlinear program was solved to maximize the sum of the net income from agricultural \nactivities in the watershed, minus the cost of the point source abatement, less the cost for \nlitter transportation. The model selected one of the twenty-four basic litter management practices for each particular HRU in the watershed and a level of phosphorus abatement at the point source. This policy was used to simulate the possibilities for short-run \nreduction of phosphorus loading in the wate rshed by transporting litter across individual \nsub-basins, varying litter application rates, using alum as a litter amendment, choosing \nwhether to substitute nitrogen with commercia l fertilizer, and choosing the optimal level \nof phosphorus abatement at the point source. The linear programming model was run for \neach level of allowed phosphorus loading in the watershed, (\nZmax, the phosphorus 89constraint was parametrically varied). Re sults from the linear programming runs are \npresented in the following section. Of particular interest in the analysis of this policy was \nto observe the use of alum, the intensity of transportation within the watershed, the \naverage litter application rates for soil type-la nd use, and the level of abatement at the \npoint source, as the allowed phosphorus load ing for the watershed was parametrically \nreduced. \nPolicy 2 – Applying Litter According to the STP Criterion \nThe next policy considered was the app lication of poultry litter according to the \nsoil test phosphorus (STP) criterion. As di scussed before, there are numerous policy \nrecommendations that litter application would be allowed only on the land that meets a \ncertain phosphorus based criteria. One such criterion is the STP, which uniformly \nclassifies the soils according to their phosphorus content. Another criterion that addresses \nbetter the specific characteristics of individual soils and land uses is the Phosphorus Risk \nIndex (PRI) (Storm and Smolen, 2001). Although PRI is generally preferred, especially \nfrom an economic standpoint, its practical app lication is fairly limited. At present time a \nresearch effort is underway at Oklahoma State University, which attempts to classify the \nsoils in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed accordi ng to the PRI criterion. However, since the \nresults from that research are still not availa ble, a policy that uses the STP criterion was \nsimulated in the present study. \nUnder this policy, litter application is onl y allowed on soils that have STP lower \nthan a certain threshold value 7. All other land cannot receive poultry litter. For the \nagricultural HRUs that do not receive litter, required nitrogen could either be replaced by \ncommercial fertilizer or not. In the linear pr ogramming framework, in effect, there were \n \n7 Threshold values of 120, 200, 250 and 350 STP were analyzed. 90just two options available for the HRUs that do not receive litter, to substitute or not for \nnitrogen using commercial fertilizer. If the nitrogen was substituted, the phosphorus load \nfrom a particular HRU was reduced due to im proved plant growth and better land cover. \n(nitrate runoff however may increase). At th e same time, net agricultural income was \nreduced due to the cost of commercial fertili zer and its application. For the HRUs that \nwere allowed to receive litter (STP lower than a particular threshold value) the twenty-\nfour basic litter management practices we re available as options in the linear \nprogramming runs. Abatement at the point source was modeled as mandated by a regulation, so a full abatement to a leve l of 1 mg/l phosphorus concentration of the \neffluent was simulated. The linear program was run to maximize the sum of the net \nincome from agricultural activities in the watershed minus the litter transportation cost by choosing one of the twenty-four basic litter ma nagement practices for HRUs that were \nallowed to receive litter in the watershed, and by choosing whether to replace the \nrequired nitrogen by commercial fertilizer or not for HRUs that were not allowed to \nreceive litter. Note that under this policy ther e is no constraint on the phosphorus loading. \nThe policy in itself implies phosphorus abati ng actions (not applying litter to high STP \nsoils) and a further constraint on phosphorus would be infeasible from political and \nregulatory aspects. Therefore, the total phos phorus constraint was “freed” in the linear \nprogram to reflect this situation. The linear programming model was run for four levels of STP thresholds (120, \n200, 250, 350). Results from the linear programming runs are presented in the following section. Of particular interest for this policy was to observe the transportation activities 91within and out of the watershed, the use of commercial nitrogen by agricultural land uses \nand the litter application rates on the HRUs where litter application was allowed. \nPolicy 3 – Mandatory Land Use Conversion \nThe third policy analyzed in the study assumed mandatory changes in agricultural \nland use patterns in the watershed. This polic y is used to represent a simulation of a \nmandatory (uniform) conversion of overgr azed pasture to maintained pasture and \nconversion of row crop to hay. Since the ove rgrazed pasture and row crop land uses were \nidentified as contributing the most to th e phosphorus loading, the simulated policy \ncomprised of a mandatory order to the land owners to convert those two land uses to well-maintained pasture and hay respectively. These changes in land use patterns in the \nwatershed present a significant opportunity fo r phosphorus load reduction, but are only \nattainable in the longer run and require changes in the economic structure of the \nagriculture and related industry in the waters hed. Also, mandatory land use change may \nnot be very popular and for that matter politically feasible policy. \nSWAT model was used to simulate the conversion of the overgrazed pasture to \nmaintained pasture and from row crops to hay. The SWAT simulation provided estimates \nof the phosphorus load, crop yield, and biom ass for the newly converted HRUs. For the \nHRUs where the conversion was conducted, the calculations of the net agricultural \nincome were repeated for the newly assi gned land uses. The basic twenty-four litter \nmanagement practices were then used as options in the linear programming model. \nThe linear program was run to maximize th e sum of the net income from hay and \nmaintained pasture agricultural activities in th e watershed minus the abatement cost at the 92point source and the litter transportation cost by choosing one of the twenty-four basic \nlitter management practices for each HRU, and by choosing a level of phosphorus abatement at the point source. The linear programming model was run for each level of \nallowed phosphorus loading in the wate rshed (the phosphorus constraint was \nparametrically varied). The results from th e linear programming runs are presented in the \nfollowing section. Of particular interest for this policy was to observe how the possibility \nof land use change affects th e use of alum, the intensity of transportation within the \nwatershed, average litter application rates for particular land uses, the level of abatement \nat the point source, and to compare the net income for the watershed as a whole to the \npolicies that do not allow for land use change . These characteristics were observed as the \nallowed phosphorus loading for the whole wate rshed was varied from higher to lower \nlevels. \nPolicy 4 – Site Specific (Optimal) Land Use Conversion \nAs opposed to the policy of uniform (mandatory) land use conversion, the last \npolicy considered in this study was to simulate a site-specific (optimal) land use conversion. This was achieved by combini ng Policy 1 and Policy 3 in a single linear \nprogramming model. Separate production activities for each of the two policies were constructed in each HRU and were combined t ogether. For the part of the linear program \npertaining to Policy 1, the basic twenty-four litter management practices were assigned as \npossible production activities for each HRU. For the part of the linear program pertaining \nto Policy 3, the overgrazed pasture and row crop HRUs were first converted to \nmaintained pasture and hay HRUs resp ectively and the basic twenty-four litter 93management practices were assigned to each HRU in the watershed. Each production \nactivity for each HRU was specifically labeled to di stinguish between alternative policies. \nThe linear program was run to maximi ze the sum of the net income from \nagricultural activities in the watershed minus the abatement cost at the point source and the litter transportation costs, by choosing whethe r to convert a particular HRU, and then \nby choosing one of the twenty-four basic litte r management practices for each HRU, and \nby choosing a level of phosphorus abatement at the point source. The linear programming \nmodel was run for each level of allowed phosphor us loading in the watershed. Results \nfrom the linear programming runs are presente d in the following section. Of particular \ninterest for this policy was to observe the op timality of land use change, the use of alum \nby land uses, average litter application rates by land uses, the level of abatement at the point source and to compare the net income fo r the watershed as a whole to the individual \npolicies discussed above. It is to be expected that since this policy contains two of the \nabove policies, it is least restrictive and he nce should yield the higher value of the net \nincome for the watershed as a whole. \nTracing the Total and Marginal Abatement Cost Curve \n For each of the four polic ies analyzed in the study for which linear programs were \nrun, the total and marginal abatement costs were determined. Total abatement cost were \ndetermined as a difference in the value of the objective function of the linear program \nunder the estimated current level of phosphorus loading (46000 kg./year) and the value of \nthe objective function at each other level of phosphorus loading for which a linear \nprogram was run (for example, value of th e objective function at the allowed phosphorus \nloading of 46000 kg./year minus the value of the objective function at the allowed 94phosphorus loading of 30000 kg./year represents total cost of abating 16000 kg./year of \nphosphorus loading in the watershed using for example, Policy 1.). \nMarginal abatement costs were determ ined using the shadow price on the \nphosphorus constraint from the linear progr am (Eq.2.14.6). In the linear programming \nframework (Beneke and Winterboer, 1973) (Hazel and Norton, 1986) each binding \nconstraint has an associated shadow pri ce (Lagrangian multiplier). The shadow price \nstates the amount by which the value of the objective function changes as the constraint in question is relaxed (or constrained furthe r) by an additional unit. The interpretation in \nthe sense of a Lagrange multiplier is that the shadow price states the value of a partial derivative of the objective func tion with respect to the constraining variable. Thus the \nshadow price on phosphorus loading in the linear program represents the change in the \nvalue of the objective function as that cons traint is changed by one more unit. This \ncorresponds exactly to the definition of the marginal abatement costs discussed before. \nTherefore, the shadow prices on phosphorus, wh ich are obtained as output from the linear \nprogramming runs, are used to represent the marginal abatement costs. The marginal \nabatement cost curve is traced out by formulating a mathematical function that maps from the set of observed levels of phosphorus lo ading to the set of the observed marginal \ncosts. A quadratic function was specified and the quadratic term was tested for significance (using Wald or Likelihood Ratio type statistical tests) to determine whether \nthe appropriate function is quadratic or linear. \nSpatial Detail of Optimal Solutions \n In addition to the aspects that are of interest when examining individual policies described above, there is interest to obser ve the spatial characteristics of the HRUs, 95classifying them by optimal litter management practices assigned by the mathematical \nprogram. The spatial characteristics of the HRUs are mainly composed of soil type, slope \nsteepness and geographic location (sub-basin). Fo r example, it is of interest to observe \nwhat are the spatial characteristics of HRUs that were assigned alum treated litter by the \nlinear program runs, and it is of interest to observe the spatial characteristics of the HRUs \nwhere conversion of say row crop to hay wa s found optimal by the linear program runs. \n Also, in the linear programming framewor k, since each HRU has to be assigned a \nspecific litter management practice (constraint represented in Eq. 2.14.2), there was a shadow price on each HRU. This shadow price essentially represents the value that would \nbe added to the objective function if a sp ecific HRU was duplicated and added to the \nwatershed. In other words, the shadow price is the marginal value that the agricultural \narea represented by an HRU adds to the ove rall objective function. The shadow price \nreflects both the economic and environmental value of an HRU. If the agricultural \nproduction in an HRU is profitable, its sha dow price would be hi gh and vice versa. On \nthe other hand if the phosphorus runoff from an HRU is high its sha dow price would be \nlow (even negative), reflecting the high margin al contribution of that HRU towards the \nfulfillment of the binding constraint on phosphorus loading. \nThe spatial distributions of optimal litte r management practices have important \npolicy implications. They provide guidelines for more effective regulation and management. Therefore a summary of the spa tial characteristics of HRUs by land use and \nchosen management practice is provided in the Appendix for the optimal solutions of \neach of the analyzed policies. 96RESULTS FROM THE ALTERNATIVE POLICIES \n \nPolicy 1 – Changing Litter Management Practices \n \nThe aggregate results obtained from the lin ear program runs for the base twenty-\nfour litter management practices (change in litte r application rates, with and without alum \namendments, with and without nitrogen replacement by commercial fertilizer) are \npresented in Table 2.5. Table 2.5. Results from the Linear Program Runs for Policy 1. \nPhosphorus \nloading \n(Zmax) Value of the \nobjective \nfunction Marginal \nPhosphorus \nAbatement Costs Total abatement cost \nfor Agricultural \nEnterprises Total abatement \ncost to the point \nsource \nkg / year Dollars dollars Dollars Dollars \n46000 5,616,335 9.17 0 0 \n40000 5,546,346 14.53 57139 12,850 \n35000 5,473,694 14.53 56645 85,996 30000 5,387,629 22.46 98573 130,133 25000 5,221,834 56.75 226826 167,675 20000 3,605,787 886.56 1826188 184,360 \n 18000* 1,610,470 Inf 3821505 184,360 \n* Solution not feasible \nThe results show that the changes in litter management practices and point source abatement can reduce the total phosphorus load to 20 tons per year. For example, the \nphosphorus load could be reduced from curre nt 46 tons/year to 30 tons/year (16 tons \nreduction) at total cost of about $230,000 distributed to agricultural enterprises \n($100,000) and to the point source ($130,000). However, any further reduction comes at \nexcessively high costs, characterized by the dramatically increasing marginal abatement \ncost at lower levels of phosphorus loading. The burden of this drastic phosphorus load \nreduction is almost exclusively on the agricultural enterprises, since the maximum reduction at the point source has already been achieved. 97To determine the socially optimal level of phosphorus abatement in the watershed \nusing Policy 1, a summary of costs to the City of Tulsa and losses of recreational values, \nas well as the abatement costs for the various levels of phosphorus loading is provided in Table 2.6. The optimal level of abatement is indicated in the rightmost column of Table \n2.6 at the point where the sum of abatemen t plus damage costs is at minimum (See \nEq.2.5). Table 2.6. A Summary of the Abatement and Damages Costs and their Sum from a \nPolicy of changing Litter Management Practices and Point Source Abatement. \nP loading City of \nTulsa \nCosts Predicted Total \nNumber of \nVisits to State \nParks Consumer \nSurplus Total \ndamage \ncosts Abatement \ncosts Sum of \nabatement and \ndamage costs \nkg/year dollars count dollars dollars dollars dollars \n18000 0 263256 633222 0 inf \n20000 7693 198325 579518 61397 2010548 2071945 \n25000 52281 151756 457509 227995 394501 622496 \n30000 99758 138890 353001 379980 228706 608686 \n35000 168849 96826 265994 536077 142641 678718 \n40000 232107 60840 195939 669390 69989 739379 \n46000 276863 17238 129851 780235 0 780235 \n \nThe optimal level is found at the phosphorus lo ad in between 25 and 30 tons per year. At \nthe exact optimal point, the marginal abatemen t costs will be equal to marginal damage \ncosts (Eq.2.6). As discussed above, the marginal abatement cost curve is traced out by formulating a quadratic function, which in this case was of the form (t-values in parenthesis) (2.15) \nMAC 1 = 300.72 – 0.01422 Zmax k + 0.000000173 Zmax k2. \n (3.43) (-2.74) (2.42) \n \nwith an R2 of 0.925. Solving simultaneously for the Zmax using calculated marginal \ndamage costs (Eq.2.13.) and abatement costs yi elds a quadratic equation with a root of 9826062, which represents the socially optimal level of phosphorus loading in kilograms \nper year using Policy 1. Figure 2.11 graphica lly presents the point of optimal phosphorus \nabatement where the marginal abatement costs are equal to marginal damage costs. The \nlinear program was rerun for this optimal phosphorus constraint. The optimal level of \nphosphorus abatement at the point source was 9687 kg/year, which corresponds to the \neffluent phosphorus concentration of 1.13 mg./litter. \n020406080100120140160180200\n24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31\np load (t/year)$Marginal abatement\ncost\nMarginal damage cost\n \nFigure 2.12. Marginal Abatement and Marginal Damage Costs for Policy 1. \n Results for the alum use and the average litter application rates for the HRUs, as well as the intensity of transportation and the level of abatement at the point source are observed for the linear program runs under the current phosphorus loading (46000 \nkg./year), under the optimal phosphorus loading (26000 kg./year) and under the minimum attainable phosphorus loading (20000 kg./year). These levels of phosphorus loading \nwere chosen, so that the changes in optim al uses could be observed as the allowed \nphosphorus loading is reduced from higher to lower levels. 99 Results on the optimal litter application rates and the optimal decision on nitrogen \nreplacement for hay and well-maintained pasture are reported for the three levels of phosphorus loading in Table 2.7. The results show that at the current level of phosphorus \nloading, application of litter would be more profitable for hay than for well-maintained \npasture. As the allowed phosphorus loading is reduced, the amount of litter applied is reduced and the use of commercial nitrogen is increased. It was found more efficient to \nreplace nitrogen on hay than on pasture. Table 2.7. Litter Application Rates and the Choice of Nitrogen Replacement by \nCommercial Fertilizer for the HAY and WPAS Under Policy 1. \n Land use \n HAY WPAS \nLitter \napplication \nrates Land area \nat current \nP load \n(46t.) Land area at \noptimal P \nload (26 t.)Land area \nat minimum \nP load (20 \nt.) Land area \nat current \nP load \n(46t.) Land area \nat optimal \nP load (26 \nt.) Land area \nat minimum \nP load (20 \nt.) \ntons/ha ha ha ha Ha Ha ha \n0 w. N replac 0 0 6913 0 0 468 \n w/o N replac 11 11 10 12458 13961 15973 \n1 w. N replac 0 0 113 0 0 0 \n w/o N replac 0 0 0 10230 8611 1493 \n2 w. N replac 0 0 0 0 0 0 \n w/o N replac 0 0 0 562 677 4307 \n3 w. N replac 0 0 0 0 0 0 \n w/o N replac 0 0 0 0 0 932 \n3.4 w. N replac 102.5 0 227 0 0 0 \n w/o N replac 0 0 0 0 0 0 \n4 4101 2831 850 0 0 77 \n4.8 5610 5706 2612 0 0 0 \n6 3578 4854 2677 0 0 0 \n \nResults on optimal litter application rates and the optimal decision on nitrogen \nreplacement for overgrazed pasture (OAST) and row crop (WWHT) are reported for the three levels of phosphorus loading shown in Table 2.8. The results for these two land \nuses show that they are responsive to litte r application and in general to nitrogen \napplication, in both economic and environmen tal terms. However, since these two land 100uses were identified as most susceptib le to phosphorus runoff, the optimal litter \napplication rates are reduced as the allowe d phosphorus loading is reduced. As this is \ntaking place, nitrogen is substituted from co mmercial sources to ensure good land cover, \nwhich reduces phosphorus runoff. This does take a toll on the net agricultural income, which is reflected in the low income at lower allowed levels of phosphorus loading. Table 2.8. Litter Application Rates and the Choice of Nitrogen Replacement by \nCommercial Fertilizer for the OPAS and WWHT Under Policy 1. \nOPAS WWHT \nLitter \napplication rates Current \nP load (46t.) Optimal \nP load (26 t.) Minimum \nP load (20 t.) Litter application \nrates Current \nP load (46t.) Optimal \nP load (26 t.) Minimum \nP load (20 t.) \ntons Land Area (ha.) tons Land Area (ha.) \n0 w. N rep 4674 1338 5656 0 w. N rep 938 2049 2619 \n w/o N rep 0 3636 8 w/o N rep 456 14 0 \n0.54 w. N rep 0 0 0 0.32 w. N rep 0 0 0 \n w/o N rep 0 0 0 w/o N rep 199 47 0 \n1.08 w. N rep 0 0 0 0.65 w. N rep 0 0 0 \n w/o N rep 0 0 0 w/o N rep 137 53 0 \n1.62 w. N rep 0 0 0 0.975 w. N rep 0 0 0 \n w/o N rep 0 0 0 w/o N rep 11 10 0 \n1.83 w. N rep 0 0 0 1.1 w. N rep 0 0 0 \n w/o N rep 0 0 0 w/o N rep 45 28 0 \n2.15 0 0 0 1.3 7 1 0 \n2.6 407 21.3 0 1.56 28 0 0 \n3.2 1356 1546 878 1.95 804 424 7 \n \nThe results on the use of alum for hay and well-maintained pasture (WPAS) are \nreported for the three levels of phosphorus loading in Table 2.9. The results show that the use of alum is quite important as an optimal solution for hay. \n \n 101Table 2.9. Use of Alum for HAY and WPAS Under Policy 1. \n HAY WPAS \nLitter \napplication \nrates Alum use at \ncurrent P \nload (46t.) Alum use at \noptimal P \nload (26t.) Alum use at \nminimum P \nload (20t.) Alum use at \ncurrent P \nload (46t.) Alum use at \noptimal P \nload (26t.) Alum use at \nminimum P \nload (20t.)\ntons Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) \n1 0 0 113 844 7234 1493 \n2 0 0 0 274 677 4307 \n3 0 0 0 0 0 932 \n3.4 0 0 227 0 0 0 \n4 2606 2831 850 0 0 77 \n4.8 3030 5706 2612 0 0 0 \n6 1020 4854 2677 0 0 0 \n \nOn all levels of allowed phosphorus loading, higher litter application rates are combined \nwith the use of alum treated litter. For the well-maintained pasture, the optimal use of \nalum increases significantly as the allowed level of phosphorus loading is reduced. \nResults on the use of alum for overgrazed pasture (OPAS) and row crop (WWHT) \nare reported for the three levels of phosphorus loading in Table 2.10. The results show that the alum use is important optimal soluti on for these two land uses as well, especially \nat higher rates of litter application. Howe ver, as the allowed phosphorus loading is \nreduced, the application of litter is halted on most land and hence the alum is not used as well. At the 20 tones P loadi ng constraint, there is very little opportunity to apply litter \nand since litter had to be shipped out of the watershed, treating litter with alum was not \noptimal (it is cheaper to ship non-treated litter out of the watershed). \n 102Table 2.10 . Use of Alum for the OPAS and WWHT Under Policy 1. \n OPAS WWHT \nLitter \napplication \nrates Alum use \nat current \nP load \n(46t.) Alum use \nat optimal \nP load \n(26t.) Alum use \nat \nminimum P \nload (20t.)Litter \napplication \nrates Alum use \nat current \nP load \n(46t.) Alum use \nat optimal \nP load \n(26t.) Alum use at \nminimum P \nload (20t.) \nTons ha ha ha tons ha ha ha \n0.54 0 0 0 0.32 0 0 0 \n1.08 0 0 0 0.65 9.6 36 0 \n1.62 0 0 0 0.975 0 0 0 \n1.83 0 0 0 1.1 14 28 0 \n2.15 0 0 0 1.3 7 1 0 \n2.6 407 21.3 0 1.56 15 0 0 \n3.2 105 350 0 1.95 523 387 7 \n \nThe pattern of transportation and to tal alum use under the three phosphorus \nloading levels is reported in Table 2.11. Table 2.11. Transportation of Litter and Use of Alum Treated Litter for the Three Levels \nof Phosphorus Loading Under Policy 1. \n Transport of litter Total litter used \nPhosphorus \nLoading Within the \nwatershed Out of the \nwatershed Alum \ntreated Non-\ntreated \n Thous. ton miles*Thous. ton miles* Thous.tons Thous.tons \nCurrent (46t.) 566.5 0 34 50 \nOptimal (26t.) 567.3 0 78.6 5.4 \nMinimum (20 t). 691.2 1220.1 46.1 37.9 \n* ton miles denote transportation of one ton of litter at distance of one mile. \nThe results show that transportation of litte r within the watershed is very important \nactivity if the net income on the watershed level is to be maximized. The optimal level of \nlitter transportation intensified as the allowed phosphorus loading was restricted. At the 46 t. and 26 t. levels of phosphorus loading, it was not optimal to ship litter out of the \nwatershed. However, if greater reducti on in phosphorus loading was desired, \nconsiderable amount of litter had to be shippe d out of the watershed and at considerable 103distance. This is one of the most signifi cant reasons for the dramatic increase of \nabatement costs (reduction of net income) at lower levels of phosphorus loading. The \nresults also show that it is optimal to us e alum treated litter to efficiently prevent \nphosphorus loading. At the optimal solution, almost all litter used in the watershed is \ntreated with alum. At lower phosphorus loadi ng levels, since the litter is shipped out of \nthe watershed, the use of alum is lower than at the optimal rate. \nThe summary of optimal litter application rates by average slope of the \nagricultural land for hay and maintained pasture is provided below in Table 2.12 while the summary of for overgrazed pasture and row crop is provided in Table 2.13. The \nresults show that in general, applying litte r on land with steeper slopes is not optimal, \nespecially if a reduction of P loading is de sired. This general finding however, needs to \nbe addressed carefully since there is significant interaction between the slope of a land area, the crop grown, and the initial phosphorus content in the soil. Therefore, these \ninteractions have to be taken into account when devising policies to reduce phosphorus \nloading in the watershed. The results for the optimal litter application rate with respect to soil types, for hay \nare presented in Table 2.14. The results coul d be used to identify the areas within soil \ntypes for where litter could be applied on hay la nd at six tons per hectare even for drastic \nreductions of the phosphorus loading target. T hose soils are Doniphan, Newtonia, Razort \nand Tonti. The results could be also used to identify the soil types for which litter \napplication on hay land use was not found optim al as the target P loading was reduced. \nThese soils are Captina, Nixa, and Macedonia. 104Table 2.12. Optimal Litter Application by Average Slope of the Agricultural Land for \nHay and Well-maintained Pasture Under Policy 1. \n Land Use \n Hay Well-maintained Pasture \nCurrent P loading (46 t.) \nLitter application rates Land with \nslope \n<5% Land with \nslope \n5%<8% Land with \nslope \n8%< Land with \nslope <5%Land with \nslope \n5%<8% Land with \nslope 8%<\ntons ha ha ha ha ha \n0 0 1 10 4779 6119 1560 \n1 0 0 0 4893 4779 557 \n2 0 0 0 177 111 274 \n3.4 0 39 63 0 0 0 \n4 2133 1634 334 0 0 0 \n4.8 2088 2368 1154 0 0 0 \n6 1241 2281 56 0 0 0 \nOptimal P loading ( 26 t.) \nLitter application rates Land with \nslope \n<5% Land with \nslope \n5%<8% Land with \nslope \n8%< Land with \nslope <5%Land with \nslope \n5%<8% Land with \nslope 8%<\ntons ha ha ha ha ha ha \n0 0 1 10 5706 6208 2047 \n1 0 0 0 3966 4411 235 \n2 0 0 0 177 390 110 \n4 1510 1067 253 0 0 0 \n4.8 2085 2329 1292 0 0 0 \n6 1867 2925 62 0 0 0 \nMinimum P loading ( 20 t.) \nLitter application rates Land with \nslope \n<5% Land with \nslope \n5%<8% Land with \nslope \n8%< Land with \nslope <5%Land with \nslope \n5%<8% Land with \nslope 8%<\ntons ha ha ha ha ha ha \n0 3392 3148 382 6527 7940 1975 \n1 0 0 113 652 646 195 \n2 0 0 0 2447 1642 218 \n3 0 0 0 224 703 4 \n3.4 0 28 199 0 0 0 \n4 109 613 128 0 77 \n4.8 808 1245 560 0 0 0 \n6 1153 1289 234 0 0 0 \nTotal land (ha): 5462 6323 1617 9849 11009 2392 105 \nTable 2.13. Optimal Litter Application by Average Slope of the Agricultural Land for \nOvergrazed Pasture and Row Crop Under Policy 1. \n Land Uses \n Overgrazed Pasture Row crop \nCurrent P \nloading ( 46 t.) \nLitter \napplication \nrates Land with \nslope <5% Land with \nslope 5%<8%Land with \nslope 8%<Litter \napplication \nrates Land with \nslope<5% Land with \nslope 5%<8%Land with \nslope 8%<\nTons ha ha ha tons Ha ha ha \n0 1677 2266 731 0 1275 76 44 \n0.54 276 130 0 0.32 80 49 69 \n1.08 0 0 0 0.65 109 40 0 \n2.15 0 0 0 1.1 44 0 1 \n2.6 0 0 0 1.56 0 0 15 \n3.2 899 551 10 1.95 733 61 8 \nOptimal P loading ( 26 t.) \nLitter \napplication \nrates Land with \nslope <5% Land with \nslope 5%<8%Land with \nslope 8%<Litter \napplication \nrates Land with \nslope<5% Land with \nslope 5%<8%Land with \nslope 8%<\nTons ha ha ha tons ha ha ha \n0 1976 2266 731 0 1722 197 143 \n0.54 0 0 0 0.32 47 0 0 \n1.08 0 0 0 0.65 41 12 0 \n1.62 0 0 0 0.975 10 0 0 \n1.83 0 0 0 1.1 28 0 0 \n2.6 21 0 0 1.56 0 0 0 \n3.2 855 680 10 1.95 407 16 0 \nMinimum P loading ( 20 t.) \nLitter \napplication \nrates Land with \nslope \n3%<5% Land with \nslope 5%<8%Land with \nslope 8%<Litter \napplication \nrates Land with \nslope<5% Land with \nslope 5%<8%Land with \nslope 8%<\nTons ha ha ha tons ha ha ha \n0 2405 2520 738 0 2248 226 144 \n3.2 446 427 4 1.95 7 \nTotal land: 1741 2947 742 2255 226 144 \n \n \n 106Table 2.14. Optimal Litter Application by Soil Type for Hay Under Policy 1. \n Current P load (46t.) Optimal P lo ad (26t.) MinimumP load (20t.) \n Litter application rate (t./ha) Litter applica tion rate (t./ha) Litter application rate (t./ha) \nSoil Type 0 3.4 4 4.8 6 0 4 4.8 6 0 1 3.4 4 4.8 6 \n Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) \nTonti 0 0 34 0 1039 0 34 0 1039 315 0 21 0 0 737\nClarksville 0 47 454 2812 727 0 226 2678 1136 1123 0 176 641 1941 159\nCaptina 0 7 1025 684 201 0 695 816 407 1916 0 0 0 2 0 \nNixa 0 7 1228 407 260 0 1183 460 260 1860 0 7 36 0 0 \nPeridge 0 4 162 31 0 0 103 95 0 193 0 0 0 5 0 \nBritwater 1 0 97 96 19 1 82 111 19 76 113 0 7 18 0 \nHealing 0 26 27 0 0 0 53 0 0 0 0 23 0 29 0 \nNoark 0 0 35 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 \nJay 0 0 182 0 0 0 182 0 0 182 0 0 0 0 0 \nRazort 0 11 393 46 0 0 135 159 156 58 0 0 166 42 183\nDoniphan 0 0 0 756 1113 0 0 544 1324 0 0 0 0 541 1328\nMacedonia 0 0 0 410 156 0 0 354 212 566 0 0 0 0 0 \nParsons 0 0 59 122 0 0 59 122 0 181 0 0 0 0 0 \nTaloka 0 0 45 0 0 0 45 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 \nNewtonia 0 0 360 234 60 0 0 360 294 397 0 0 0 0 256\n \n Results for the optimal litter application ra tes with respect to soil types, for well-\nmaintained pasture are presented in Table 2.15. The results could be used to identify the \nsoil types for which litter application on well maintained pasture was found optimal even for drastic reduction of phosphorus loading ta rget. Those soils are Doniphan, Sacesh and \nTonti. The results could be also used to id entify the soil types for which litter application \non well maintained pasture was not found optimal as the target P loading is reduced. \nThese soils were Captina, Nixa, and Taloka. \nResults for the optimal litter application rate with respect to soil types, for \novergrazed pasture are presented in Table 2.16. The results single out two soil types \nwhere litter application was found optimal even for drastic reduction of phosphorus \nloading target. Those soils were Captina and Peridge. 107Table 2.15. Optimal Litter Application by Soil Type for Well-maintained Pasture Under \nPolicy 1. \n Current P load (46t.) Optimal P load (26t.) MinimumP load (20t.) \n Litter application Rates (t/ha) Litter applica tion Rates (t/ha) Litter application Rates (t/ha) \nSoil Type 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 \n Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) \nTonti 52 1666 0 52 1500 166 52 0 1666 0 0 \nClarksville 2330 4334 111 2828 3663 284 5256 1111 408 0 0 \nCaptina 2035 566 0 2119 483 0 2602 0 0 0 0 \nNixa 3797 35 274 4072 35 0 4106 0 0 0 0 \nPeridge 795 0 0 795 0 0 795 0 0 0 0 \nBritwater 325 151 0 333 143 0 476 0 0 0 0 \nNoark 517 0 0 517 0 0 517 0 0 0 0 \nJay 417 0 0 417 0 0 417 0 0 0 0 \nRazort 740 71 0 742 69 0 146 25 636 4 0 \nDoniphan 12 1159 177 12 1110 227 44 0 384 921 0 \nSecesh 0 77 0 0 77 0 0 0 0 0 77\nMacedonia 504 219 0 504 219 0 623 100 0 0 0 \nTaloka 411 761 0 703 469 0 1172 0 0 0 0 \nNewtonia 434 1164 0 779 818 0 152 256 1189 0 0 \n \nThe soil type Captina was identified for the two previous land uses as the one \nwhere litter application was not optimal. For the overgrazed pasture however, the \nopposite conclusion holds true. The reason for this is the fact that on overgrazed pasture, \nthe litter application on this soil type has be neficial effect on the improvement of land \ncover, which significantly reduces phosphorus runoff. \nThe results for the optimal litter application rate with respect to soil types, for the \nrow crop are presented in Table 2.17. The re sults show that litter application was optimal \non two soil types for moderate reduction of phosphorus loading target. These soil types \nwere Nixa and Tonti. For the row crop, the litter application was not found optimal on any soil at more drastic reductions of phosphorus loading. \n 108Table 2.16. Optimal Litter Application by Soil Type of the Agricultural Land for \nOvergrazed Pasture Under Policy 1. \n Current P load (46t.) Optimal P load (26t.) Minimum P load (20t.) \n Litter application Rates (t/ha) Litter applica tion Rates (t/ha) Litter application Rates (t/ha) \nSoil Type 0 2.6 3.2 0 2.6 3.2 0 3.2 \n Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) \nTonti 84 122 240 84 21 240 445 0 \nClaksville 1464 48 0 1483 0 30 1512 0 \nCaptina 173 0 823 221 0 775 278 718 \nNixa 738 0 738 0 0 738 0 \nPeridge 0 0 209 0 0 209 50 159 \nBritwater 82 0 0 82 0 0 82 0 \nJay 49 0 0 49 0 0 49 0 \nRazort 124 0 6 124 0 6 131 0 \nDoniphan 1097 0 0 1097 0 0 1097 0 \nMacedonia 477 0 0 477 0 0 477 0 \nParsons 73 0 0 73 0 0 73 0 \nTaloka 154 0 0 154 0 0 154 0 \nNewtonia 96 236 182 332 0 182 514 0 \n \n Table 2.17. Optimal Litter Application by Soil Type for Row Crop Under Policy 1. \n Current P Loading (46 t.) Optimal P Loading (26 t.) Minimum P \nLoading (20 t.) \n Litter Application Rates (t./ha) Litter Application Rates (t./ha) Litter Application \nRates (t./ha) \nSoil Type 0 0.32 0.65 1.1 1.56 1.95 0 0.32 0.65 1.1 1.95 0 1.95 \n Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) \nTonti 0 0 0 0 0 185 5 0 0 0 180 185 0 \nClarksville 61 162 113 25 13 8 273 34 53 10 17 389 0 \nCaptina 408 12 10 0 0 82 512 0 0 0 0 512 0 \nNixa 0 0 0 0 0 248 36 0 0 0 213 248 0 \nPeridge 13 0 0 0 0 147 160 0 0 0 0 160 0 \nBritwater 46 0 0 0 0 19 63 0 0 0 0 63 0 \nDoniphan 186 24 0 16 0 0 197 13 0 16 0 226 0 \nMacedonia 111 0 0 0 0 0 111 0 0 0 0 111 0 \nTaloka 146 0 0 0 0 101 247 0 0 0 0 247 0 \nNewtonia 340 0 15 0 0 0 357 0 0 0 0 357 0 \n \n 109Policy 2 – Applying Litter According to the STP Criterion \n STP Threshold of 120 \nThe results were obtained from the linear programming runs for four levels of the \nSTP threshold values, 120, 200, 250 and 350. For the policy that allowed litter application only to the soils that have STP lower than 120, the model calculated a value of the objective function of $3.38 million, which represents the value of the net agricultural income minus the abatement cost s at the point source and the transportation \ncosts \n8. Simulated phosphorus loading under the policy was 43367 kg./year. This \nrepresented a 2600 kg. reduction from the current estimated phosphorus load of 46000 \nkg./year. But, in comparison to Policy 1 described above, this reduction comes at \nextremely high cost. The average cost of phosphorus abatement was calculated as \n$877/kg (the value of the objective function fo r the current load (46 t.) is $5.61 mill., \nsubtracting $3.38 million and dividing by 2600 (reduced P) one obtains $877). The main \neffect on the increased cost of abatement can be attributed to transportation of litter inside and outside the watershed. The intensity of transportation within the watershed is \ncalculated at 1,218 thousand ton miles, while th e intensity of trans porting litter out of the \nwatershed is 1,270 thousand ton miles \n9. This intensity of transportation is much higher \nthan that calculated for Policy 1 (Table 2.11). Despite of being quite expensive, the po licy to apply litter according to STP is not \nvery effective in reducing P loading. The r eason for this is that the litter is applied non-\ndiscriminatory with respect to phosphorus r unoff from particular land areas. The linear \n \n \n8 As noted before, full abatement at the point source was assumed to be instituted with this policy. \n9 Ton mile is defined as the quantity of one metric ton of litter shipped at the distance of one mile. 110programming model chooses liter application rates according to the criteria that would \nminimize transportation costs within and out of the watershed. Litter would be applied on a particular HRU if the cost of transporting the litter to that HRU were less than the cost \nof transporting that quantity of litter out of the watershed. Another important contribution \ntoward excessive phosphorus runoff is that n itrogen that would normally come from litter \nis not replaced with commercial fertilizer, on ce litter application is not allowed. This \nresults in poor plant growth that reduces the quality of land cover and increases \nphosphorus runoff. Also, this study allowed for the use of relatively high litter application \nrates. In the case of STP based policy, applying litter at these high rates causes high phosphorus runoff. Results on litter applicati on rates and the replacement of nitrogen \nwith commercial fertilizer are shown in Table 2. 18. The results show that a great majority \nof the land areas where litter application was a llowed (where the initial soil test is below \nthe threshold), received high litter application ra tes. On a significant portion of this land, \nlitter is just applied to avoid shipping it out of the watershed. \n \nTable 2.18. Litter Application Rates and Nitrogen Replacement by Land Uses for the \nPolicy that Restricts Litter Application only to Soils with STP < 120. \n \n \nLitter application rates for hay and well-maintained pasture were classified as follows: Low: 0-2 t./ha, \nMedium: 2- 4 t./ha, High: 4-6 t/ha. Litter application rates for overgrazed pasture were classified: Low: 0-\n1.1 t./ha, Medium: 1.1- 1.8 t./ha, High: 1.8-3.2 t/ha. Litter application rates for row crop were classified: \nLow: 0- 0.65 t./ha, Medium: 0.65- 1.3 t./ha, High: 1.3-2 t/ha. Litter applied (STP< 120) Litter not applied (STP>120) \n Low Medium High Nitrogen replacement Total land \n Yes No \n Land Use Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) ha. \nHay 10 0 3325 9690 375 13402 \nWell Maint. Past. 36 539 3477 0 19197 23250 \nOvergrazed Past. 52 136 1311 0 5042 6542 \nRow Crop 0 0 404 364 1857 2625 \nTotal land (ha.) 98 675 8517 10054 26471 45819 111In addition, on the land where litter applica tion was not allowed, if nitrogen is not \nsupplied from commercial fertilizer, the land cover is poor and there is greater potential for phosphorus runoff. This was especially a pparent with the overgrazed pasture and row \ncrop. Table 2.19. reports the average phosphorus runoff rates when no nitrogen is applied \nto the land for the four agricultural land uses. Table 2.19. Average Phosphorus Runoff from Agricultural Land Uses if no Nitrogen is \nApplied. \n Land Uses \n Hay Overgrazed Past. Well Maint. Past Row Crop \nPhosphorus runoff \n(Total P, kg/ha/year) 0.279 2.022 0.138 4.962 \n \nAs it is apparent from the table, the row crop and overgrazed pasture have extremely high phosphorus runoff rates when nitrogen is not substituted with commercial fertilizer. Since \nit is not economical to replace nitrogen fr om litter with more expensive commercial \nnitrogen, plant cover is poor, and phosphorus r unoff is not reduced as much as expected, \nwhich altogether results in reduced effectiveness of the STP based policies. \nTable 2.20. presents the results for litter application rates and replacement of \nnitrogen with commercial fertilizer by soil type s aggregated across agricultural land uses \n(litter application rates classified as descri bed previously in Table 2.18.) The results by \nsoil types do not show any significant pattern by which one could isolate particular soil \ntypes with respect to litter application rates or with respect to nitrogen replacement. For \nthe STP based policy, the litter application rates are governed by the spatial location of the HRUs (HRUs to which it is less expe nsive to transport litter receive high litter \napplication rates). On the other hand, the determination whether to replace for nitrogen \nwith commercial fertilizer or not is comple tely dominated by the grown crop relative to \nsoil type (nitrogen is replaced where it is profitable, mainly on hay and row crops). 112Table 2.20. Litter Application Rates and Nitrogen Replacement by Soil Types for the \nPolicy that Restricts Litter Application only to Soils with STP < 120. \n Litter Application Rates Nitrogen Replacemen t \n Low Medium High YES NO \nSoil Type Land Area (ha.) \nTonti 0 52 56 1224 2090 \nClarksville 21 601 4535 2264 5295 \nCaptina 0 0 31 1977 4020 \nNixa 0 0 42 1527 5427 \nPeridge 0 0 0 198 1164 \nBritwater 28 114 270 120 302 \nNoark 0 0 0 35 535 \nJay 0 0 35 182 470 \nRazort 0 23 644 211 546 \nDoniphan 0 637 1870 804 1230 \nMacedonia 0 0 148 510 1219 \nTaloka 0 0 2 190 1480 \nStigler 0 0 0 45 171 \nNewtonia 0 0 0 765 2358 \n \nHowever, Table 2.20. provides a good overview of the soils that tend to have high STP in \nthe watershed. Those soils would not be available for litter application under the STP \nbased policy. Some of the high STP soils are Captina, Nixa, Noark, Taloka and Newtonia. Table 2.21. presents the results for litter application rates and replacement of nitrogen with commercial fertilizer by land slopes aggregated across agricultural land \nuses. Inspection of the results presented in Table 2.21, reveals another reason for high phosphorus loading when using the STP based po licy. Under this policy, unless there is a \nrequirement to limit litter application on the soils that satisfy the STP criterion, Table 2.21. Litter Application Rates and Nitrogen Replacement by Land Slopes for the \nPolicy that Restricts Litter Application only to Soils with STP < 120. \n Litter Application Rates Nitrogen Replacement \n Low Medium High YES NO Total Land \nAverage Slope Land Area (ha.) ha. \n<5% 0 48 982 5295 14094 20420 \n5-8% 2 735 3933 4395 11440 20504 \n>8% 98 653 2842 364 938 4895 \n 113considerable amounts of litter would be applie d even on relatively steep slopes to save on \ncosts to transport litter from the watershed. Since a majority of the land with steeper \nslopes is very susceptible to phosphorus runo ff, litter application on that land leads to \nexcessive phosphorus loading in the watershed. Also, it is very likely that the land with steeper slopes would have lower STP because it did not receive as much litter as less \nsteep land due to difficulties with application. So, a policy based on STP would indirectly \ncreate perverse incentives to apply litter to land that would otherwise remain without \nlitter and would retain its low STP. \nOther STP thresholds – 200, 250, 350 \n The level of 120 STP is often cited as a maximum level above which all litter application to the agricultural land has to be stopped, and hence the STP based policy towards reduction of phosphorus loading in the watershed would likely employ this \nthreshold value. Nevertheless, an analysis was conducted for other values of the STP \nthreshold to explore the effects of varying the STP threshold level on the use of litter, \ntransportation of litter, net income and phosphor us loading. The analyzed STP thresholds \nwere 200, 250, and 350. Table 2.22. presents a summary of the levels of income, \nphosphorus loading and transportation of litter for the three STP threshold levels. The \ntable shows that as the threshold value for STP is raised, effectively increasing the land \narea where litter application is eligible, net income on the watershed level increases as well \n10. \n \n10 Net income on the watershed level is composed of net income to the agricultural enterprises, minus cost \nof abatement at the point source (it is assumed that the point source performs full abatement under this \npolicy) and minus the cost of litter transportation. 114Table 2.22. Net Income on the Watershed Le vel, Phosphorus Loading and Transportation \nof Litter for Various Threshold Levels of STP. \n STP 200 STP 250 STP 350 \nLand eligible for \nlitter application ha. 12,840 19,597 26,297 \nNet Income on the Watershed Level Dolla rs 3,787,319 4,454,717 4,959,332 \nP loading kg/year 50,643 57,215 57,439 \nTransportation out \nof the watershed ton miles (0000) 731.4 0 0 \nTransportation \nwithin watershed ton miles (0000) 1250 1500 1326 \nUse of Alum Ton 0 0 0 \n \nThis is mainly due to a reduction in transpor tation of litter outside of the watershed, as \nmore litter could be applied within the waters hed. Phosphorus loading increases at higher \nlevels of STP thresholds (because of high litter application rates applied) but also tends to \nlevel off. For all STP threshold levels no alum treated litter is used, reflecting the \nabsence of the phosphorus constraint in the linear program. \nTable 2.23. presents the results by litter application rates and whether or not \nnitrogen is replaced with commercial fertilizer aggregated over the agricultural land uses \n(litter application rates classified as described previously in Table 2.18.), for the levels of \nSTP at 200, 250 and 350. The results in Table 2.23 show why the total phosphorus \nloading tends to level off at higher values of the STP threshold (57.4 t./year at STP 350, \n57.2t./year at STP 250). At hi gh STP threshold the restrictions on land are significantly \nsmaller, causing the change in the use of litter. With a low STP threshold, litter is a \nliability since its land application is very restri cted and it has to be transported out of the \nwatershed. Litter is “dumped” using high application rates at any land \n 115Table 2.23. Litter Application Rates and N itrogen Replacement by Threshold Values of \nSTP. \n Litter application rates Nitrogen \nReplacement \n Low Medium High YES NO \n Land Area (ha.) \nSTP200 100 1436 11304 8659 24320 \nSTP250 578 5667 32986 6587 19635 \nSTP350 3426 10657 12214 5032 14490 \n \navailable, causing high phosphorus loading. As the STP threshold increases, more land is \navailable for litter application and the litter becomes a more valuable resource. \nApplication rates now reflect the value of the marginal product of litter. \n In general, results obtained from the analysis of STP based litter application \npolicy suggest that this “command and control” policy is neither effective nor economically efficient in reducing phosphorus loading in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed. \nPolicy 3 – Mandatory (Uniform) Land Use Change \n \nThe results obtained from the linear progr amming runs for a simulated policy of a \nmandatory land use change are provided in Tabl e 2.24. The results show that this policy \nmay be very effective in preventing phosphorus runoff. The value of the objective function at the maximum phosphorus loading level is just slightly lower than the values \nobserved under Policy 1 in Table 2.5. However at this level, the phosphorus constraint is \nnot binding. This means that is a policy of mandatory land use change alone would \nreduce phosphorus loading to 31,000 kg. pe r year of which 20,000 kg comes from \nagricultural sources. \n 116 Table 2.24. Results from the Linear Program Runs for the Simulated Mandatory Land \nUse Change Policy. \nPhosphorus \nloading (Z \nmax) Value of the \nobjective \nfunction Marginal \nabatement \ncost for P Total abatement \ncost for \nAgricultural \nEnterprises Total \nabatement \ncost to the \npoint sourceSum of Total \nAbatement \nand Damage \nCosts \nkg / year dollars dollars/kg dollars dollars dollars \n46000 5,563,561 0.00 0 0 780,235 \n40000 5,563,561 0.00 0 0 669,390 \n35000 5,563,561 0.00 0 0 536,077 30000 5,559,250 5.07 4,311 0 384,291 25000 5,519,893 10.55 43,668 0 271,663 20000 5,451,277 14.53 67,111 45,173 218,854 \n18000 5,422,216 14.53 67,013 74,332 241,345 \n \nA combination of land use changes and Pigouvian taxes or subsidies will be required to \ngain further reductions. In the linear progr am, further reductions were simulated by \nparametrically varying the phosphorus constraint. \nThe optimal level of phosphorus abatement can be found by looking for the \nminimum of the sum of abatement and damage costs. The optimal solution is obtained by equating marginal abatement costs to margin al damage costs. The marginal abatement \ncosts for this policy can be expressed as a function of the phosphorus load by (2.16) \nMAC 3 = 25.165 – 0.0006 Zmax k. \nSolving simultaneously for phosphorus loading using the marginal abatement costs and \nmarginal damage costs (Eq.2.13) one obtains the value of 23637, which is the socially \noptimal level of phosphorus load in kilogr ams per year under the mandatory policy of \nland use change. At this level, the entire phosphorus abatement is done by the agricultural sources, with no abatement at the point sour ce. Figure 2.12., graphically represents the \nmarginal abatement and damage costs and the point of optimal phosphorus loading. 117y = -0.00061x + 25.165\nR2 = 0.8921\ny = 0.003x - 59.9330102030405060\n10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50P loading (t/year)Dollars/kg. PMarginal Abatement\ncost\nMarginal damagecost\nLinear (MarginalAbatement cost)\nLinear (Marginaldamage cost)\n \nFigure 2.13. Marginal Abatement and Damage Costs for Policy 3. \nTable 2.25. presents the litter application rates for the three different levels of \nallowed phosphorus loading on the watershed level and by the two land uses (hay and \nwell-maintained pasture) under the policy of mandatory land use conversion. The results \nshow that higher litter application rates ar e used more on hay relative to the well-\nmaintained pasture. This happens because fo r pasture the manure is deposited back on the \nland while with hay, more nutrients are removed from the land. The results do not \nsuggest any significant changes in the litter application rates as the allowed phosphorus \nloading is reduced. It appears that most im portant for the reduction of phosphorus loading \nis land conversion itself, especially conve rsion from overgrazed to well-maintained \npasture. The initial difference between overgr azed and well-maintained pasture is in two \nmain aspects, the quantity of nutrients (nitroge n) that is applied and the stocking rates of \ncattle allowed to graze. The overgrazed past ure receives lower quantity of nitrogen and \nhas a higher stocking rate than the well-maintained pasture. \n 118Table 2.25. Litter Application Rates for Three Levels of Allowed Phosphorus Loading, \nfor Hay and Well-maintained Pasture Land Uses under the Policy of Mandatory Land Conversion. \nHay Well-maintained Pasture \nCurrent P loading (46.t) \nLitter application \nrates (t./ha) Land Area (ha.)Litter application \nrates (t./ha) Land Area (ha.) \n0 13 0 19642 \n3.4 585 1 10149 \n4 6186 \n4.8 6641 \n6 2604 \nOptimal P loading (23.6t.) \nLitter application \nrates (t./ha) Land Area (ha.)Litter application \nrates (t./ha) Land Area (ha.) \n0 13 0 20621 \n3.4 623 1 9171 \n4 5582 \n4.8 7624 \n6 2185 \nMinimum P loading (18t.) \nLitter application rates (t./ha) Land Area (ha.)Litter application \nrates (t./ha) Land Area (ha.) \n0 13 0 20983 \n3.4 626 1 8809 \n4 5622 \n4.8 6773 \n6 2993 \nTotal land 16028 29792 \n \nResults from Table 2.25. show that reducing the stocking rate dominates the effect of \nnitrogen (litter) application when conducting th e conversion from overgrazed pasture to \nwell-maintained pasture. This implies that reduction of stocking rates on the current \novergrazed pasture in the watershed would pot entially provide quite significant reduction \nof phosphorus loading. \nAnother observation that could be made from Table 2.25. is that production of \nhay is likely to be increased if the reduc tion of phosphorus loading is desired. Higher 119litter application on hay would result in greater hay production. On one hand, this would \nbring excess supply of hay in the region and likely cause its price to fall, while on the other hand baled hay may be most efficient wa y of exporting some of the nutrients out of \nthe watershed that initially enter through th e purchased poultry feed, which is then \ntransformed into litter. \nThe results on the use of alum under the policy of mandated land use change is \npresented in Table 2.26. The results show th at alum use would be required in order to \nreduce the phosphorous loading at the watershed level even if mandatory land use change \nwere instituted. \nTable 2.26. Alum Use Under the Policy of Mandatory Land Use Change. \n Hay Well Maint. Pasture Alum Treated Litter \n Alum Use \n Land Area (ha.) Land Area (ha.) Total Quantity (tons) \nCurrent P load \n(46t.) 0 0 0 \nOptimal P load (23.6t.) 12445 517 25325 \nMinimum P load \n(18t.) 13585 517 19431 \n \nThe use of alum is emphasized on hay where about 80 percent of total land receives alum \ntreated litter. The reduction in total quantity of alum treated litter at the minimum \nphosphorus loading comes about because of the reduced per hectare litter application rates for hay. \nResults on the alum use by particular so il types for both hay and well-maintained \npasture are presented in Table 2.27. Presente d results could be used to identify soil types \nwhere alum use is more pronounced. \n 120Table 2.27. Alum Use by Soil Types (all la nd uses) for Policy of Mandatory Land Use \nChange \nSoil Type Land Area of \nParticular Soil Type Receiving Alum \nTreated Litter Total Land Area of a \nParticular Soil Type Proportion of Land Area \nReceiving Alum Treated Litter to Total Land of \nParticular Soil Type \n Ha. ha. fraction \nTonti 1210 3421 0.35 \nClarksville 3932 12716 0.31 \nCaptina 2306 6028 0.38 \nNixa 2151 6996 0.31 \nPeridge 356 1362 0.26 \nBritwater 283 834 0.34 \nNoark 35 570 0.06 \nJay 222 687 0.32 \nRazort 45 1424 0.03 \nDoniphan 607 4541 0.13 \nMacedonia 678 1878 0.36 \nNewtonia 933 1673 0.56 \nEldorado 62 215 0.29 \nStigler 119.40 3122.65 0.04 \n \nAlum use was found most intensive on Newt onia, Captina, Macedonia and Tonti soils. \nAlum use was not found very intensive on th e Razort, Stigler, Noark and Doniphan soil \ntypes. These results refer only to policy of mandated land use change. The optimal level \nof transportation of litter within the watershed is fairly stable across the three levels of \nrequired phosphorus loading ranging from 610 to 640 thousand ton miles. Export of litter \noutside the watershed was not required to meet the optimal phosphorus target of 23.6 \nmetric tons per year. \nIn general, the policy of mandatory land use change is economically efficient in \nreducing phosphorus loading in the watershed. However, the mandate for land conversion it imposes on the landowners makes it very difficult to implement in practice. \n \n 121Policy 4 – Site Specific (Optimal) Land Use Change \n \nThe results obtained from the linear programming runs for the simulated policy of \na site-specific land use change are presented in Table 2.28. The results show that a Table2.28. Results from the Linear Program Runs for the Simulated Site Specific Land \nUse Change Policy. \nPhosphorus \nloading (Z \nmax) Value of the \nobjective \nfunction Marginal \nabatement \ncost for P Total abatement \ncost for \nAgricultural \nEnterprises Total \nabatement \ncost to the \npoint sourceSum of Total \nAbatement \nand Damage \nCosts \nkg / year dollars dollars/kg dollars dollars Dollars \n46000 5802664 2.19 0 0 780235 \n40000 5781731 5.28 20933 0 690323 \n35000 5747528 8.12 55136 0 566243 30000 5701701 10.67 100963 0 453257 \n25000 5634879 14.53 167785 33113 363324 20000 5562011 15.16 240653 101207 345111 18000 5529492 18.11 273172 112484 381661 \n \nsignificant reduction of phosphorus load can be achieved at quite low cost. For example, \nthe phosphorus load could be reduced from cu rrent 46 tons/year to 30 tons/year at total \ncost of about $100,000 through a combination of revised litter management practices including alum and land use changes. Furthe r reductions from bot h point and non-point \nsources could reduce total loading to 18 tons per year for an annual abatement cost of \napproximately $380,000 per year. The results s uggest that allowing for site-specific land \nuse changes would be a very effective and economically efficient way to reduce \nphosphorus loading in the watershed. In the sa me time this policy is more efficient than \nthe policy with uniform land use change, whic h can be detected by comparing the values \nof the objective function for the two policies at all levels of phosphorus loading. 122The socially optimal level of phosphorus loading using the policy of site-specific \nland conversion is found at the minimum of th e sum of abatement and damage costs. The \nexact optimal solution is obtained by equati ng marginal abatement costs to marginal \ndamage costs. The marginal abatement cost s for this policy can be expressed as a \nfunction of the phosphorus load by (2.17) \nMAC 4 = 27.357 – 0.00054 Zmax k. \nSolving simultaneously for phosphorus load using the marginal abatement cost and marginal damage (Eq. 2.13) costs one obtains the value of 24526, which is the socially \noptimal level of phosphorus load in kilograms per year under the policy of site specific (optimal) land use change. At this level, costs of agricultural abatement activities are \naround $165,000, while the costs at the point source are about $33,000. The point source \nwould abate about 2.3 metric tons of phosphorus annually. Figure 2.13, graphically \npresents the marginal abatement and damage costs and the point of optimal phosphorus \nloading obtained by equating them. \ny = -0.00054x + 27.357\nR2 = 0.9861\ny = 0.0003x - 59.9330102030405060708090\n15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50P load (t./year)Costs ($)Marginal Abatement\nCost\nMarginal Damage Cost\nLinear (MarginalAbatement Cost)\nLinear (MarginalDamage Cost)\n \nFigure 2.14. Marginal Abatement and Damage Costs for Site Specific Land Use Change \nPolicy \n 123This policy allows for analysis of th e optimality of land use conversion from \novergrazed to well-maintained pasture and from row crop to hay. Table 2.29. presents the \nresults on the optimal land area converted for the three levels of allowed phosphorus loading (maximum 46t./ha ; optimum 24.5 t/ha ; and minimum 18 t./ha). \nTable 2.29. Optimal Land Conversion of Over grazed to Well-maintained Pasture and of \nRow Crop to Hay for the Three Levels of P loading for Site-Specific Land \nUse Change Policy. \n Max P load (46t.) Opt. P load (24.5 t.) Min. P load (18 t.) \n Land \nconverted Land not \nconverted Land \nconverted Land not \nconverted Land \nconverted Land not \nconverted\n ha. ha. ha. ha. ha. ha. \nOvergrazed Pasture 6537 5 6537 5 4725 1816 \nRow Crop 385 2240 1106 1519 1792 834 \n \nThe results presented in Table 2.29 show that the conversion of overgrazed \npasture plays a more important role in re ducing phosphorus loading than conversion of \nrow crop. At the optimal phosphorus loadi ng, virtually all overgrazed pasture is \nconverted while only about forty percent of the row crop is converted. It is interesting to \nnote that as allowed phosphorus loading is further restricted to 18 tons per year, the amount of overgrazed pasture land not converted actually increases, while more of the of \nrow crop land is converted to hay. This is explained by looking at the Table 2.30. which \npresents results on optimal litter application rate s. The results in Table 2.30 show that at \nthe maximum and optimum phosphorus loadings, the overgrazed pasture is converted to well-maintained pasture by essentially reduc ing the cattle stocking rates. If further \nreduction of phosphorus load is required, then the conversion of overgrazed pasture to \nwell-maintained pasture requires increased fe rtilization in addition to reduced stocking \nrates. Results with respect to optimal litter application rates for the other land uses are \nsimilar to those observed for previously discussed policies. 124Table 2.30. Litter Application Rates by Orig inal Land Uses for the Three Levels of \nAllowed P loading, for the Site Specific Land Use Change Policy. \n Hay Well Past Overgrazed Row Crop \n Converted \nto Well P. Not \nConverted Converted \nto Hay Not \nConverted \n Land Area (ha.) \nMax P loading (46t.) Litter Application \nRates \n Low 11 22852 6446 5 0 462 \n Medium 320 398 91 0 0 472 \n High 13071 0 0 0 385 1306 \nOpt. P loading (24.5 t.) Litter Application \nRates \n Low 11 22852 6446 5 0 840 \n Medium 316 398 87 0 0 128 \n High 13075 0 0 0 1106 550 \nMin P loading (18t.) Litter Application \nRates \n Low 3433 20006 2749 347* 1220 736 \n Medium 927 334 55 5 28 47 \n High 9041 2910 1922 1464 545 51 \n*338 ha with N replacement \nClassification of litter application rates is as follows: for hay and well-maintained pasture, low litter \napplication rate is between 0-2 tons, medium is betw een 2-4 tons and high is 4- 6 tons/ha. For overgrazed \npasture, low: 0-1.1 t./ha, medium: 1.1- 1.8 t./ha, high: 1.8-3.2 t/ha., for row crop. low: 0- 0.65 t./ha, \nmedium: 0.65- 1.3 t./ha, high: 1.3-2 t/ha. \n \n It is important to observe alum use as the total maximum phosphorus \ntargets are varied for this simulated policy. The results are presented in the Table 2.31. \nAlum use increases as the allowed phosphorus loading is reduced. Alum use is also \ngreater with higher litter application rates. At the optimal level of phosphorus loading, \nmost of the hay crop is fertilized with alum treated litter. The total quantity of alum \ntreated litter used was only 508 tons for the current phosphorus loading (46 t.), but 64.2 \nthousand tons for the optimal phosphorus load ing (24.5 t.), and would increase to 74.1 \nthousand tons for the minimum phosphorus loading (18 t.). 125Table 2.31. Alum Use on Land Area by Origin al Land Uses for the Three Levels of \nAllowed P loading, by Litter Applica tion Rates for the Site Specific Land \nUse Change Policy. \n Hay Well Past Overgrazed Row Crop \n Converted \nto Well Not \nConverted Converted \nto Hay Not \nConverted \nAlum Used on Land Area (ha.) \nMaximum P load (46 t.) \nLitter Application Rates \n \nLow 0 0 0 0 0 0 \nMedium 0 0 0 0 0 12 \nHigh 0 0 0 0 0 252 \nOptimum P load (24.5 t.) \nLitter Application Rates \n \nLow 0 1530 48 0 0 0 \nMedium 295 220 12 0 43 \nHigh 11591 0 0 0 630 280 \nMinimum P load (18 t.) \nLitter Application \nRates \nLow 367 898 75 0 0 36 \nMedium 499 234 55 5 28 13 \nHigh 7530 2846 1878 1300 545 34 \nClassification of litter application rates as defined in Table 2.30. \n \nThe change in the amount of litter transpor t varies less dramatically as the total \nphosphorus limit is lowered. The litter transpor t within the watershed was calculated at \n605 thousand ton miles for the current phosphorus loading (46 t.), 658 thousand ton miles \nfor the optimal phosphorus loading (24.5 t.), and 673 thousand ton miles for the minimum phosphorus loading (18 t.). \nThe optimal land conversion of overgrazed pasture to well-maintained pasture and \nfrom row crops to hay is summarized by in Ta bles 2.32. and 2.33. Essentially all of the \novergrazed pasture would be converted to well-maintained pasture at the optimal 126phosphorus loading level (24.5t.). At the mi nimum phosphorus loading level, the soils \nwhere conversion was found not optimal (the pasture becomes more heavily fertilized) \nwere Tonti, Taloka and Nixa. For the conversion of the row crop to hay, it appeared optimal to conduct conversion on the soil t ypes Macedonia, Doniphan, and Captina under \nboth levels of allowed phosphorus loading. \nThe analysis of optimal land use changes by land slope was also an important \naspect to investigate. Results for the changes in land use by slopes for the optimal (24.5t.) \nand minimum (18 t.) phosphorus load level ar e presented for the overgrazed pasture and \nrow crop in the following Table 2.34 \n11. \nTable 2.32. Optimal Conversion of Overgrazed Pasture to Well-maintained Pasture by \nSoil Type for the Optimal (24.5t.) a nd Minimum (18 t.) P loading for the \nSite Specific Land Use Change Policy. \n Overgrazed Pasture \n Optimal P load (24.5 t.) Minimum P load (18 t.) \nSoil Type Land by \nSoil Type \nNot \nConverted Land \nConverted \nto Well M \nPast. Proportion \nof Land \nConverted Land by \nSoil Type \nNot \nConverted Land \nConverted \nto Well M \nPast. Proportion \nof Land \nConverted Total Land \nof Particular \nSoil Type \nTonti 5 445 0.99 270 175 0.39 450 \nClarksville 0 1512 1.00 367 1145 0.76 1512 \nCaptina 0 996 1.00 164 832 0.84 996 \nNixa 0 738 1.00 309 429 0.58 738 \nPeridge 0 209 1.00 38 171 0.82 209 \nRazort 0 131 1.00 0 131 1.00 131 \nDoniphan 0 1097 1.00 217 880 0.8 1097 \nMacedonia 0 477 1.00 144 332 0.7 477 \nTaloka 0 73 1.00 32 41 0.56 73 \nStigler 0 154 1.00 18 136 0.88 154 \nNewtonia 0 514 1.00 186 328 0.64 514 \n \n \n11 Results in this section are reported only for the optimal (24.5t.) and minimum (18 t.) phosphorus loading, \nsince the results for the current (46 t.) and the optimal (24.5t.) are quite similar, especially regarding the \nland uses of interest (overg razed pasture and row crop). 127Table 2.33. Optimal Conversion of Row Cr op to Hay by Soil Type for the Optimal \n(24.5t.) and Minimum (18 t.) P load ing for the Site Specific Land Use \nChange Policy. \n Row Crops \n Optimal P load (24.5 t.) Minimum P load (18 t.) \nSoil Type Land by \nSoil Type \nNot \nConverted Land \nConverted \nto Hay. Proportion \nof Land \nConvertedLand by \nSoil Type \nNot \nConvertedLand \nConverted \nto Hay. Proportion \nof Land \nConverted Total Area \nof Each Soil \nType \nCaptina 259 253 0.49 189 323 0.63 512 \nNixa 240 8 0.03 85 163 0.66 248 \nPeridge 129 31 0.19 33 127 0.79 160 \nBritwater 12 51 0.81 12 51 0.81 63 \nTonti 185 0 0.00 12 173 0.94 185 \nClarksville 274 115 0.30 89 300 0.77 389 \nDoniphan 13 213 0.94 16 210 0.93 226 \nMacedonia 0 111 1.00 17 95 0.85 111 \nTaloka 208 39 0.16 130 117 0.47 247 \nNewtonia 126 232 0.65 170 187 0.52 357 \n \nTable 2.34. Optimal Land Conversion of Over grazed Pasture to Well-maintained Pasture \nand Row Crop to Hay, for the Optimal and Minimum P loading rate, for the \nSite Specific Land Use Change Policy. \n Average Slope \n <1% 1-3% 3-5% 5-8% >8% \nOptimal P load (24.5t) Land Area (ha.) \nOvergrazed \nPasture Land Converted \nto WPAS 0 1112 1741 2947 737 \n Land not \nConverted 0 0 0 0 5 \nRow Crop Land Converted \nto HAY 0 647 259 79 121 \n Land not \nConverted 132 691 526 146 23 \nMinimum P load (18t) Land Area (ha.) \nOvergrazed Pasture Land Converted \nto WPAS 0 799 1228 2291 407 \n Land not \nConverted 0 313 513 656 335 \nRow Crop Land Converted \nto HAY 132 850 497 178 135 \n Land not \nConverted 0 488 289 48 10 128As expected, the results show that it is optimal to convert more of the land with \nsteeper slopes than land with less slope. Howe ver this tendency cannot be generalized. \nEven at very low phosphorus loading levels, there are some areas with slopes in excess of eight percent which are not converted. For example, overgrazed pasture may be heavily \nfertilized with commercial nitrogen. This re sult may not hold if nitrogen runoff were also \na concern. \n \nSUMMARY AND CONCLUSION \n The economic analysis conducted within th is project attempted to assess cost \neffective technologies and policies for managing phosphorus pollution from both non-\npoint sources and the point source in the Euch a-Spavinaw watershed. The analysis used \nthe approach of minimizing the sum of abatemen t and damage costs to derive the socially \noptimal pattern and method of phosphorus abatem ent in the watershed. The perspective \nwas that of a watershed manager. All costs and benefits were internalized in the optimal solutions presented. The preferences of th e society, translated directly into the \npreferences of a hypothetical watershed manager were expressed in a form of social well-\nbeing function. The optimal level of phos phorus abatement in the watershed would \nmaximize this well-being function. The ma ximum point of the well-being function \ncorresponds to the minimum of the sum of to tal abatement and damages costs and also \ncorresponds to the point of equivalence be tween the marginal abatement and damage \ncosts. 129The analysis of the abatement cost s was based on the costs of reducing \nphosphorus emissions from bot h point and the non-point sources of phosphorus loading \nin the watershed. Abatement costs at the poi nt source (the City of Decatur, AR) were \ndetermined using engineering data. For the non-point agricultural sources, a spatial bio-\nphysical model (SWAT) was used to simula te phosphorus loading from each agricultural \nenterprise at each selected poultry litter ma nagement practice. Twenty-four poultry litter \nmanagement practices were simulated. These consisted of various litter application rates with and without commercial nitrogen replacemen t for each of the major land uses in the \nwatershed. The possibility to use litter amende d with ten percent aluminum sulfate was \nalso considered. For each of these litter mana gement practices, net agricultural income \nwas calculated using SWAT data, enterprise budgeting and price data. \nEnvironmental damage costs considered in this study included the cost of \nadditional drinking water treatment for the City of Tulsa and the value of lost recreational \nvisits to the lakes Eucha and Spavinaw. These costs were estimated using the observed \ndata and were combined to calculate total da mage costs. This provides an estimate of the \nenvironmental damage costs. This study does not claim that all possible damage costs are accounted for. For example the cost of long te rm damages to the ecological values in the \nwatershed were ignored. Nevertheless, the e nvironmental damage costs included in this \nstudy represent a significant part of the actual environmental damage cost from \nphosphorus loading in the Eucha-Spavinaw wate rshed, and therefore provide a relevant \nestimate of the damage costs. Marginal dama ge cost curve was calculated as a derivative \nfrom the total damage cost curve. 130Four policy simulations involving broiler litter management practices, land use \nchanges, increased point source phosphorus abat ement that could be used to reduce the \nphosphorus loading in the Eucha-Spavinaw al ong with estimates of the environmental \ndamages caused by phosphorus loads were presented. The first policy examined the potential of using only poultry litter management practices (including alum treated litter) \nand point source abatement. SWAT simula tions with twenty-four litter management \npractices for each land use-soil type comb ination (HRU) in the watershed were \nconducted. These results were included in a linear programming model and the least cost \nmethod of meeting phosphorus targets was de termined. These management practices \nwere subsequently used in all simulated po licies. The second policy was that of limiting \nlitter applications according to a soil test phosphorus (STP) criterion. The third policy considered mandatory conversion of overgrazed pasture to well-maintained pasture and of conversion of row crops to hay in the watershed. The fourth policy represented a \ncombination of policies one and three excep t that land conversion was optional. With \nrespect to the time frame the polices could be used in, the first policy would represent a \nshort-run solution, second policy short to medi um run solution, while the last two policies \nwould represent long run solutions. However all policies and analysis are short run with respect to phosphorus dynamics, because l ong-term phosphorus accumulation in soils \nbeyond current levels was not considered. For each policy, a linear programming mode l was used to maximize net income at \nthe watershed level (net income from agricu lture minus costs of abatement at the point \nsource, minus litter transportation costs). Th e linear program for each policy was run for \nseven distinct levels of allowed phosphorus lo ading in the watershed. Marginal abatement 131costs were obtained as shadow prices on phosphorus loading from the linear program \nruns. They were than equated to the marginal damage costs to obtain a socially optimal \nlevel of phosphorus loading in the waters hed for each simulated policy. The linear \nprograms were rerun for the determined optim al level of phosphorus loading, resulting in \nthe optimal level of abatement at the point source and at each of the non-point sources. \nSince the non-point sources could be identified at considerable level of spatial detail, the \nresults imply spatially optimal litter management practices for the agricultural enterprises \nin the watershed. \nSeveral conclusions could be derived from the results. First, from the determined \noptimal levels of phosphorus loading to th e lakes in the watershed under the various \npolicies analyzed, it appears that a reasonabl e target for phosphorus loading could be set \nin a range of 23,000 to 26,000 kilograms per year. At these levels, costs for phosphorus \nabatement would not be excessively expensive especially in longer run. Further \nreductions in phosphorous loadings below these levels are attainable, but would be more \ncostly to achieve, especially in the shor t-run. However, given the uncertainties and \nlimitation of both the bio-physical model (SWAT) and the economic model, it is difficult to set an exact optimal level of allowed phosphorus loading in the watershed. Nevertheless, the predicted economically op timal phosphorus loadings from the social \nperspective are not far from the recommenda tions issued by Oklahoma Water Resources \nBoard, (OWRB, 2002) \nSecond, the use of the STP criterion alone to regulate the litter application and \nphosphorus loading in the watershed seems not to be a very effective and/or efficient \npolicy. This policy was modeled as prev enting litter application on high STP soils 132regardless of soil type, land use, or the probability of phosphorus loss, and with no \nprovisions for possibilities of chemical litter amendments (alum). In this form, the STP policy alone caused high losses of agricultura l income and increased the amount of litter \nhauled out of the watershed. The policy of this type created perverse incentives for \napplying litter at high application rates, indi scriminately where the STP level was below \nthe limit just to avoid hauling it out of the watershed. Consequently, the model predicted \nlitter would be applied to soils that were very susceptible to phosphorus runoff (steep \nslopes, erodable soils etc). Applying litter usi ng the Phosphorus Risk Index (Storm and \nSmolen, 2001) as a criterion instead of using STP, may improve the performance of this \nregulatory strategy. Research is currently under way to determine Phosphorus Indices for \nthe soils in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed. \nThird, land use changes appear to be an important component of an efficient long-\nterm solution to the problem of phosphorus pollution in the watershed. However, this \nwould require more time and changes in th e economic structure of the agricultural \nproduction in the watershed. In particular, site-specific land use change, where a choice \nof which land should be converted is allowed is superior policy to the mandatory land use \nchange. The results show that it would be op timal to convert the overgrazed pasture to \nwell-maintained pasture almost in entirety, while it is optimal to convert only a part of the \nrow crops to hay. \nFourth, amending poultry litter with alum appears to be effective and efficient \nway of reducing phosphorus loading at the wate rshed level. The use of alum played a \nsignificant role in all optimal solutions for th e analyzed policies. The optimality of alum \nuse is quite pronounced with high litter appli cation rates, implying that if higher litter 133application rates are used, a significant re duction of phosphorus runoff could be achieved \nif the litter is treated with alum. \nFifth, the transportation of litter both w ithin and out of the watershed is a \nsignificant part of the optimal solutions for phosphorus loading reduction. It is important \nto note again that the economic analysis in this report was from a social perspective, or a perspective of a hypothetical watershed manager. From this perspective, the litter transportation costs are internal to the optimal decisions, and hence the transportation is a \npart of the optimal solutions. From a persp ective of an individual agricultural producer \nhowever, the transportation costs are bore privat ely. That is why an analysis from pure \nprivate perspective (ignoring the pollution) w ould result with different findings regarding \nthe transportation of litter. However, any solution to the phosphorus loading in the Eucha-Spavinaw watershed would require an an alysis that takes into consideration both \nsocial and private objectives and recommends policies where the discrepancies between \nthe two would be minimized. Some of these policies are subsidizing transportation of \nlitter and/or tax credit incentives. \nSixth, significant phosphorus abatement at the point source would be optimal, \nespecially in the short run. In the short-r un, the abatement at the point source could be \nachieved at lower cost than the abatement at the majority of agricultural enterprises \n(some agricultural enterprises would be able to abate even cheaper than the point source), \nand thus it is optimal to abate phosphorus a nd to drive the phosphorus concentration of \nthe effluent from the point source to sligh tly higher than 1 mg/l. Even though in the long-\nrun, using land use conversion, the abatement at the agricultural sources would be 134marginally less expensive than the abatement at the point source, the time frame and the \nurgency of the problem would require signi ficant abatement at the point source. \nFinally, and possibly most important, the methodology used in this study provides \nfor assessing the optimal solutions at consider able level of spatial detail. For each unique \nagricultural land area (HRU) the study has assigned an optimal litter management \npractice for each simulated policy. The determined optimal litter management practices and policies could be applied on the site-sp ecific basis given the average land area of \nonly 65 hectares for the agricultural HRUs. Th is would enable economic efficiency, as \ncompared to use of rules and policies on th e uniform basis. The results on the spatial \ndetail for the optimal solutions for each polic y are presented by HRUs in the Appendix. \nIn addition, the spatial detail has been aggreg ated to derive results with respect to soil \ntypes and slope steepness. Using this aggrega tion, it may possible to draw some inference \nabout the types of soils where litter applicati on should be first restricted, where alum use \nis most beneficial, or the slopes for which the conversion of land uses is most optimal. \nHowever, these are general inferences and by no means they apply uniformly to particular soil type or slope category. 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Haan., “Impact of Subdi viding Watersheds on Estimated hydrographs”, Applied\nEngineering in Agriculture. 9(5): 443-445, 1993\nOffice of the Governor of Oklahoma, Communiqué, May 7, 1997Oklahoma State Senate, Legislative Brief, June 1997, Accessible at http://www.lsb.state.ok.us/.Oklahoma State Senate, Legislative Summary 1997, Accessible at http://www.lsb.state.ok.us/.Oklahoma State Senate, Legislative Summary 1998, Accessible at http://www.lsb.state.ok.us/.Oklahoma Statutes Annotated, 2001.Oklahoma State University, Extension Fact Sheet F-2559, Stillwater, OK, 1997.Oklahoma State University, Extension Fact Sheet F-2249, Stillwater, OK, 1998.Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department (OTRD). Personal Communication, 2003.Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. 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Y. “HYSEP: a Computer Program fro Streamflow Hydrograph Separation\nand Analysis”, U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4040.\nStorm., D.E., M. J. White, and M.D. Smolen., \"Modeling the Lake Eucha Basin using SWAT\n2000.\", Final Report to the Tulsa Metropolitan Utility Authority, August, 2002. \nStorm., D.E., and M.D. Smolen., \" Phosphorus Risk Index: How Should it be Used in a TMDL.\",\nDepartment of Biosystem Engineer ing, Oklahoma State University, 2001. \nThe City of Tulsa and The Tulsa Metropolitan U tility Authority. Complaint Filled Against Tyson\nFoods, Inc., et al. in the United States District Court of the Northern District of Oklahoma,December 10, 2001. \nThe City of Tulsa, Environmental Operations Division, Personal Communication, 2003.Tulsa Municipal Utility Authority, The Histor y of Tulsa Water, 2002. At www.tulsawater.org\nTulsa World, April 27, 2003.Tulsa World, August 2., 2002.Tulsa World, March 25., 2003.Tulsa World, March 29., 2002.U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service, Agricultural\nPrices.\", Washington D.C.,March,2002.\nU.S. Department of Commerce (USDC), Bureau of Economic Analysis., \"Regional Accounts Data:\nLocal Area Personal Income\", Washington, D.C., 2000.\nUnited State Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture - Oklahoma State and County Data,\nVarious Years, Washington , D.C. 139US Environmental Protection Agency., Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations - Final Rule,\nWashington, D.C., 2002.\nUS Environmental Protection Agency., Unified Na tional Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations,\nWashington, D.C., 1998.\nWagner., K. and S. Woodruff, (OCC), \" Phase I Clean Lakes Project : Diagnostic and Feasibility\nStudy of Lake Eucha - Final Report.\", Ok lahoma Conservation Commission, Oklahoma City,\nOklahoma, 1997. \nWater Pollution Control Federation (WPCF). Nutr ient Control: Manual of Practice No. FG-7.,\nWashington D.C., 1983\nZhang et al.,“Using Poultry litter as Fertilizer”, OSU Extension Facts 2246. APPENDIX Table A.2.1. Costs of Various Components of the Chemical Wastewater Treatment at the Point Source.\n P load in \nthe \nwatershed \nkg/yearAlum \nAlSO4 \nused (50% \nproduct) \nmg/lP \nconcentrat\nion in \nefluent \nmg/lAlum used \nkg/yearAlum \nannual \ncostAnnualized \ncost of \nalum \nadditionAnnualized \ncost of \nsettling \nbasinAnnulized \ncost of \ngravity \nthickeningAnnualized \nseparation \ncostsAnnualized \ntransportati\non costsAnnualized \nLandfiling \nCostTotal \nannual \ncostCapital \n(estimated \ninitial) cost)P removed \n( abatted) \nKg./year\n11686.02 0 6.63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n11008.77 5 6.25 8813 $1,165 $8,754 $13,111 $12,891 $1,950 $321 $494 $38,684 $362,514 67710365.68 10 5.88 17626 $2,329 $9,267 $13,111 $14,345 $2,339 $642 $987 $43,020 $382,409 1,3209755.448 15 5.53 26439 $3,494 $9,674 $13,111 $16,654 $2,729 $962 $1,481 $48,105 $410,885 1,9319176.832 20 5.21 35252 $4,659 $10,188 $13,111 $19,232 $3,119 $1,283 $1,974 $53,565 $443,668 2,5098628.626 25 4.90 44065 $5,824 $10,552 $13,111 $20,974 $3,508 $1,604 $2,468 $58,040 $465,150 3,0578109.663 30 4.60 52878 $6,988 $10,948 $13,111 $22,716 $3,898 $1,925 $2,961 $62,546 $486,999 3,5767618.817 35 4.32 61691 $8,153 $11,355 $13,111 $24,458 $4,287 $2,246 $3,455 $67,064 $508,971 4,0677155.001 40 4.06 70504 $9,318 $11,751 $13,111 $26,200 $4,677 $2,566 $3,948 $71,571 $530,820 4,5316717.162 45 3.81 79317 $10,482 $12,179 $13,111 $27,942 $5,067 $2,887 $4,442 $76,109 $553,036 4,9696304.286 50 3.58 88130 $11,647 $12,564 $13,111 $29,684 $5,456 $3,208 $4,935 $80,606 $574,763 5,3825915.392 55 3.36 96943 $12,812 $12,993 $13,111 $31,426 $5,846 $3,529 $5,429 $85,144 $596,979 5,7715549.534 60 3.15 105756 $13,977 $13,335 $13,111 $33,168 $6,236 $3,850 $5,922 $89,598 $638,216 6,1365205.796 65 2.95 114569 $15,141 $13,849 $13,111 $34,910 $6,625 $4,170 $6,416 $94,222 $661,412 6,4804883.297 70 2.77 123382 $16,306 $14,362 $13,111 $36,652 $7,015 $4,491 $6,909 $98,846 $684,609 6,8034581.182 75 2.60 132195 $17,471 $14,833 $13,111 $38,394 $7,404 $4,812 $7,403 $103,428 $707,316 7,105\n4298.63 80 2.44 141008 $18,635 $15,304 $13,111 $40,136 $7,794 $5,133 $7,896 $108,009 $730,022 7,387\n4034.846 85 2.29 149821 $19,800 $15,668 $13,111 $41,878 $8,184 $5,453 $8,390 $112,484 $751,504 7,6513789.063 90 2.15 158634 $20,965 $16,054 $13,111 $43,620 $8,573 $5,774 $8,883 $116,980 $773,230 7,897\n3560.54 95 2.02 167447 $22,130 $16,503 $13,111 $45,362 $8,963 $6,095 $9,377 $121,540 $795,692 8,125\n3348.564 100 1.90 176260 $23,294 $16,814 $13,111 $47,104 $9,353 $6,416 $9,871 $125,962 $816,561 8,3373152.446 105 1.79 185073 $24,459 $16,875 $13,111 $48,846 $9,742 $6,737 $10,364 $130,133 $837,430 8,534\n2971.52 110 1.69 193886 $25,624 $16,935 $13,111 $50,588 $10,132 $7,057 $10,858 $134,304 $858,299 8,715\n2805.145 115 1.59 202699 $26,788 $16,996 $13,111 $52,330 $10,521 $7,378 $11,351 $138,476 $879,168 8,8812652.702 120 1.50 211512 $27,953 $17,057 $13,111 $54,072 $10,911 $7,699 $11,845 $142,647 $900,037 9,0332513.595 125 1.43 220325 $29,118 $17,117 $13,111 $55,814 $11,301 $8,020 $12,338 $146,818 $940,906 9,1722387.247 130 1.35 229138 $30,283 $17,178 $13,111 $57,556 $11,690 $8,341 $12,832 $150,990 $961,775 9,2992273.104 135 1.29 237951 $31,447 $17,239 $13,111 $59,298 $12,080 $8,661 $13,325 $155,161 $982,644 9,4132170.631 140 1.23 246764 $32,612 $17,299 $13,111 $61,040 $12,470 $8,982 $13,819 $159,332 $1,003,513 9,5152079.311 145 1.18 255577 $33,777 $17,360 $13,111 $62,782 $12,859 $9,303 $14,312 $163,504 $1,024,382 9,6071998.647 150 1.13 264390 $34,941 $17,421 $13,111 $64,524 $13,249 $9,624 $14,806 $167,675 $1,045,252 9,687\n1928.16 155 1.09 273203 $36,106 $17,481 $13,111 $66,266 $13,638 $9,945 $15,299 $171,846 $1,066,121 9,758\n1867.388 160 1.06 282016 $37,271 $17,542 $13,111 $68,008 $14,028 $10,265 $15,793 $176,018 $1,086,990 9,8191815.886 165 1.03 290829 $38,436 $17,603 $13,111 $69,750 $14,418 $10,586 $16,286.40 $180,189 $1,107,859 9,8701773.224 170 1.01 299642 $39,600 $17,663 $13,111 $71,492 $14,807 $10,907 $16,779.93 $184,360 $1,128,728 9,913\nA1 A2Figure A.2.1. A Schematic of the Design for Chemical Wastewat er Treatment using Alum for City of Decatur, AR. \n \nPoultry Plant 1.16 MG average \nflow ( 6.63mgP/l.) Lagoon. \nPrimary treatment. \nCurrently in Place.Alum addition (Equipment, \nMaterial, Storage and Flocculation chamber \n(44300 gallons )) Settling Chamber. \n106400 gallons Discharge in stream \nSludge 2% Solids \nGravity thickening tank. \nSludge 10% Solids \nLiquid/Solid Separation \nWaste Water Treatment \nresiduals (WWTR) 40% \nSolids Landfill or Land apply Phosphorus Precipitation system A3\n Table A 2.2. Results from Estimation of the Demand Equation for Recreation in a Price \nFlexibility Form (Eq.3) \n \n \nQ = number of visits per 1000 population, d1i = MWTP (maximum willingness-to -pay) for recreation at the ith \nphosphorus concentration level. Price of recrea tion ( travel cost) is dependent variable. \n \n Table A 2.3. Estimated Maximum WTP, Consumer Surplus (CS) and Change in Consumer \nSurplus (relative to 46000 kg/year) from Each Iso- Travel Cost Region \n \n Effect Pconc. \nlevel Estimate Error DF t Value Pr > |t| \nQ -0.00157 0.000079 35 -19.85 <.0001 \nd11 0.037675 43.1634 1.4812 35 29.14 <.0001 \nd12 0.038232 42.4313 1.4706 35 28.85 <.0001 \nd13 0.038719 41.8975 1.4634 35 28.63 <.0001 \nd14 0.039133 41.8838 1.4633 35 28.62 <.0001 \nd15 0.039477 42.4304 1.4706 35 28.85 <.0001 \nd16 0.039749 41.347 1.4565 35 28.39 <.0001 \nd17 0.039887 39.0826 1.4333 35 27.27 <.0001 \nd18 0.03995 42.3921 1.4701 35 28.84 <.0001 \nd19 0.040042 39.6035 1.4379 35 27.54 <.0001 \nd110 0.04008 41.7904 1.4621 35 28.58 <.0001 \nd111 0.040126 41.7886 1.462 35 28.58 <.0001 \nd112 0.040139 41.4425 1.4577 35 28.43 <.0001 \n Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 \nPload \n(kg/year) Estimated \nintercept \n(Max WTP) CS ∆CS CS ∆CS CS ∆CS CS ∆CS \n18000 55.01798 33250.66 33250.66 109208.8 104510.8 127617.7 118533.6 363145.3 247076 \n20000 53.96961 26777.6 26777.6 97193.35 92495.41 114600.6 105516.6 340946.7 224877.4\n25000 51.34868 13657.7 13657.7 70217.58 65519.63 85120.78 76036.74 288512.9 172443.530000 48.72775 4913.122 4913.122 47617.14 42919.19 60016.26 50932.22 240454.3 124385 35000 46.10682 543.8776 543.8776 29392.03 24694.08 39287.08 30203.04 196771.2 80701.8340000 43.48589 0 0 15542.25 10844.3 22933.23 13849.19 157463.3 41393.9846000 40.34078 0 0 4697.947 0 9084.038 0 116069.3 0 Table A.2.4. Spatial Detail for the Optimal Solution for Policy 1.\nHRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n5 1 36.44 -94.67 53 Razort 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 3651\n6 1 36.44 -94.67 123 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 65867 1 36.44 -94.67 49 Captina 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 25888 1 36.44 -94.67 44 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 21689 1 36.44 -94.67 56 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -1385\n10 1 36.44 -94.67 38 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 44311 1 36.44 -94.67 37 Captina 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -359812 1 36.44 -94.67 23 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -17713 1 36.44 -94.67 28 Macedonia 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -226917 1 36.44 -94.67 52 Razort 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 714318 1 36.44 -94.67 117 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 1357019 1 36.44 -94.67 47 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 506520 1 36.44 -94.67 51 Captina 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 590221 1 36.44 -94.67 45 Taloka 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 444022 1 36.44 -94.67 54 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 654723 1 36.44 -94.67 3 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w/o N rep 32724 1 36.44 -94.67 12 Captina 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 54725 1 36.44 -94.67 5 Taloka 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 24730 2 36.43 -94.7 290 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1595431 2 36.43 -94.7 158 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 873732 2 36.43 -94.7 186 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 950833 2 36.43 -94.7 184 Taloka 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 720934 2 36.43 -94.7 159 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -91635 2 36.43 -94.7 136 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -960836 2 36.43 -94.7 91 Taloka 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -938137 2 36.43 -94.7 154 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 44038 2 36.43 -94.7 112 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -667743 2 36.43 -94.7 343 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 4179344 2 36.43 -94.7 314 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 4004645 2 36.43 -94.7 373 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 4730146 2 36.43 -94.7 38 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 342447 2 36.43 -94.7 58 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -373048 2 36.43 -94.7 75 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 425049 2 36.43 -94.7 39 Taloka 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -408956 3 36.42 -94.67 186 Captina 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1003057 3 36.42 -94.67 366 Jay 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1851558 3 36.42 -94.67 256 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 1324359 3 36.42 -94.67 324 Nixa 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1380160 3 36.42 -94.67 176 Peridge 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 949061 3 36.42 -94.67 48 Captina 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -375362 3 36.42 -94.67 61 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -402463 3 36.42 -94.67 88 Nixa 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 89864 3 36.42 -94.67 44 Peridge 0.02 91.46 OPAS 3.23 -89367 3 36.42 -94.67 166 Captina 0.02 91.46 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1922168 3 36.42 -94.67 116 Jay 0.02 91.46 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1235069 3 36.42 -94.67 226 Nixa 0.02 91.46 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1614670 3 36.42 -94.67 88 Peridge 0.02 91.46 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1036971 3 36.42 -94.67 28 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 230372 3 36.42 -94.67 23 Jay 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 100773 3 36.42 -94.67 28 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 395474 3 36.42 -94.67 15 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 484682 4 36.4 -94.57 292 Taloka 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1086583 4 36.4 -94.57 377 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2000284 4 36.4 -94.57 174 Nixa 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 751485 4 36.4 -94.57 46 Captina 0.02 121.95 OPAS 3.23 -145086 4 36.4 -94.57 30 Jay 0.02 121.95 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -215687 4 36.4 -94.57 56 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 OPAS 3.23 w alum; -300088 4 36.4 -94.57 34 Nixa 0.02 121.95 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 48291 4 36.4 -94.57 144 Captina 0.02 121.95 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1685192 4 36.4 -94.57 130 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 HAY 4.80 w alum; 1592793 4 36.4 -94.57 151 Nixa 0.02 121.95 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1096094 4 36.4 -94.57 84 Tonti 0.02 121.95 HAY 6.00 w alum; 980195 4 36.4 -94.57 13 Captina 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 60796 4 36.4 -94.57 15 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 127897 4 36.4 -94.57 13 Nixa 0.02 121.95 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 1940\nA4 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n98 4 36.4 -94.57 22 Peridge 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2441\n101 5 36.41 -94.63 0 Britwater 0.03 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 10102 5 36.41 -94.63 0 Razort 0.03 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4105 5 36.41 -94.63 1 Razort 0.04 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 243112 6 36.38 -94.61 227 Taloka 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 9671113 6 36.38 -94.61 345 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 18748114 6 36.38 -94.61 30 Taloka 0.01 121.95 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -2047115 6 36.38 -94.61 125 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 OPAS 3.23 w alum; -2789119 6 36.38 -94.61 59 Taloka 0.01 121.95 HAY 4.00 w alum; 6148120 6 36.38 -94.61 142 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 HAY 4.80 w alum; 17236121 6 36.38 -94.61 69 Taloka 0.01 121.95 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 9525122 6 36.38 -94.61 63 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 8202126 7 36.4 -94.31 299 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 15932127 7 36.4 -94.31 155 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 6807128 7 36.4 -94.31 199 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 12291129 7 36.4 -94.31 103 Noark 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 5628130 7 36.4 -94.31 55 Captina 0.03 91.46 OPAS 3.23 97131 7 36.4 -94.31 18 Nixa 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 236132 7 36.4 -94.31 21 Tonti 0.03 91.46 OPAS 2.58 w alum; -85137 7 36.4 -94.31 143 Captina 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 18870138 7 36.4 -94.31 32 Nixa 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 2700139 7 36.4 -94.31 73 Tonti 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 9567140 7 36.4 -94.31 21 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 1976141 7 36.4 -94.31 7 Nixa 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1.95 1287142 7 36.4 -94.31 13 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 3585146 8 36.37 -94.33 184 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 9874147 8 36.37 -94.33 131 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 5707148 8 36.37 -94.33 230 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 14333149 8 36.37 -94.33 65 Captina 0.03 91.46 OPAS 3.23 -83150 8 36.37 -94.33 24 Nixa 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 303151 8 36.37 -94.33 32 Tonti 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -317157 8 36.37 -94.33 58 Captina 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 7946158 8 36.37 -94.33 41 Nixa 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 3630159 8 36.37 -94.33 69 Tonti 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 9150160 8 36.37 -94.33 39 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 3037161 8 36.37 -94.33 9 Taloka 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 737162 8 36.37 -94.33 21 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 5774166 9 36.4 -94.37 728 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 32805167 9 36.4 -94.37 226 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 14386168 9 36.4 -94.37 231 Noark 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 12976169 9 36.4 -94.37 61 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -1957170 9 36.4 -94.37 149 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -308171 9 36.4 -94.37 82 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 w alum; -3238175 9 36.4 -94.37 128 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 15132176 9 36.4 -94.37 407 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 36139177 9 36.4 -94.37 201 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 26602178 9 36.4 -94.37 26 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 1455179 9 36.4 -94.37 60 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 9590180 9 36.4 -94.37 12 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 3626184 10 36.37 -94.41 63 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 2.00 w alum; w/o N rep 3321185 10 36.37 -94.41 123 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 5486186 10 36.37 -94.41 77 Secesh 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 3960187 10 36.37 -94.41 57 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 3603188 10 36.37 -94.41 11 Britwater 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -1134189 10 36.37 -94.41 33 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -151190 10 36.37 -94.41 9 Tonti 0.06 60.98 OPAS 3.23 95191 10 36.37 -94.41 17 Peridge 0.06 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -446195 10 36.37 -94.41 47 Britwater 0.06 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 5315196 10 36.37 -94.41 98 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 8495197 10 36.37 -94.41 48 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 6227198 10 36.37 -94.41 5 Britwater 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -97199 10 36.37 -94.41 10 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 795200 10 36.37 -94.41 5 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 1024203 11 36.4 -94.99 19 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1279204 11 36.4 -94.99 35 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 1766\nA5 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n205 11 36.4 -94.99 24 Water 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -940\n206 11 36.4 -94.99 3 Razort 0.10 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 55207 11 36.4 -94.99 20 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -2209 11 36.4 -94.99 11 Razort 0.10 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1446210 11 36.4 -94.99 25 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 2757219 13 36.41 -94.66 255 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 17339220 13 36.41 -94.66 325 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 17238221 13 36.41 -94.66 164 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 8520222 13 36.41 -94.66 152 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 7568223 13 36.41 -94.66 71 Razort 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -341224 13 36.41 -94.66 50 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -1277225 13 36.41 -94.66 62 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 609226 13 36.41 -94.66 59 Doniphan 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -747227 13 36.41 -94.66 96 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -8486232 13 36.41 -94.66 114 Razort 0.05 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 16793233 13 36.41 -94.66 148 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 18566234 13 36.41 -94.66 109 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 12939235 13 36.41 -94.66 112 Doniphan 0.05 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 14626236 13 36.41 -94.66 119 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 15677237 13 36.41 -94.66 27 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2634238 13 36.41 -94.66 22 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.33 w/o N rep 2422239 13 36.41 -94.66 26 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2125240 13 36.41 -94.66 62 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -602241 13 36.41 -94.66 25 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -1694246 14 36.37 -94.66 40 Clarksville 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2237247 14 36.37 -94.66 95 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4576248 14 36.37 -94.66 51 Jay 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2835249 14 36.37 -94.66 74 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4080250 14 36.37 -94.66 33 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 466251 14 36.37 -94.66 42 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -2013252 14 36.37 -94.66 71 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -3382257 14 36.37 -94.66 70 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 4.80 w alum; 8965258 14 36.37 -94.66 67 Jay 0.03 91.46 HAY 4.00 w alum; 8454259 14 36.37 -94.66 115 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 16378260 14 36.37 -94.66 14 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 1388261 14 36.37 -94.66 48 Macedonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -2586262 14 36.37 -94.66 19 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 261267 15 34.4 -94.44 110 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 5013268 15 34.4 -94.44 183 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 11663269 15 34.4 -94.44 132 Noark 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 7531270 15 34.4 -94.44 48 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -1013271 15 34.4 -94.44 22 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 120272 15 34.4 -94.44 73 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 821276 15 34.4 -94.44 57 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 6879277 15 34.4 -94.44 85 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 7156278 15 34.4 -94.44 138 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 17478279 15 34.4 -94.44 35 Noark 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 3575280 15 34.4 -94.44 14 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -22281 15 34.4 -94.44 11 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 1374282 15 34.4 -94.44 13 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 3453283 15 34.4 -94.44 13 Peridge 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 618287 16 36.35 -94.44 195 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 10025288 16 36.35 -94.44 317 Nixa 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 13859289 16 36.35 -94.44 271 Peridge 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 12790290 16 36.35 -94.44 53 Nixa 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -746291 16 36.35 -94.44 80 Peridge 0.07 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -4490295 16 36.35 -94.44 41 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 4591296 16 36.35 -94.44 37 Captina 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 3947297 16 36.35 -94.44 102 Nixa 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 8927298 16 36.35 -94.44 31 Peridge 0.07 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 3526299 16 36.35 -94.44 12 Captina 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 421300 16 36.35 -94.44 14 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 1234301 16 36.35 -94.44 15 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 2100302 16 36.35 -94.44 42 Peridge 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2881306 17 36.41 -94.48 50 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2589\nA6 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n307 17 36.41 -94.48 59 Captina 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 3194\n308 17 36.41 -94.48 109 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4954309 17 36.41 -94.48 105 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 6607310 17 36.41 -94.48 51 Noark 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2917311 17 36.41 -94.48 12 Captina 0.06 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -276312 17 36.41 -94.48 22 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 37313 17 36.41 -94.48 37 Tonti 0.06 60.98 OPAS 3.23 231314 17 36.41 -94.48 18 Noark 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 184319 17 36.41 -94.48 51 Captina 0.06 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 5877320 17 36.41 -94.48 49 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 3988321 17 36.41 -94.48 70 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 8503322 17 36.41 -94.48 4 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 50323 17 36.41 -94.48 12 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 1379324 17 36.41 -94.48 8 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 2055327 18 36.39 -94.47 65 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 3337328 18 36.39 -94.47 83 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4448329 18 36.39 -94.47 89 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4075330 18 36.39 -94.47 53 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 3423331 18 36.39 -94.47 51 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -1368332 18 36.39 -94.47 23 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 74333 18 36.39 -94.47 38 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 w alum; -565337 18 36.39 -94.47 89 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 10454338 18 36.39 -94.47 53 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 4452339 18 36.39 -94.47 65 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 8259340 18 36.39 -94.47 10 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 345341 18 36.39 -94.47 6 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1.95 989342 18 36.39 -94.47 10 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 2953346 19 36.35 -94.92 34 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1905347 19 36.35 -94.92 19 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1044348 19 36.35 -94.92 12 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 643349 19 36.35 -94.92 27 Tonti 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1520350 19 36.35 -94.92 22 Tonti 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -355354 19 36.35 -94.92 7 Razort 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1073355 19 36.35 -94.92 11 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1362356 19 36.35 -94.92 10 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1172357 19 36.35 -94.92 9 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 1063358 19 36.35 -94.92 21 Tonti 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 2421361 20 36.36 -94.89 26 Razort 0.16 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1755362 20 36.36 -94.89 122 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 6341363 20 36.36 -94.89 6 Razort 0.16 24.39 OPAS 3.23 -142364 20 36.36 -94.89 36 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -1461367 20 36.36 -94.89 14 Razort 0.16 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 2014368 20 36.36 -94.89 92 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 11063369 21 36.41 -94.51 222 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 12175370 21 36.41 -94.51 152 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 7093371 21 36.41 -94.51 105 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 6707372 21 36.41 -94.51 59 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -909373 21 36.41 -94.51 48 Nixa 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 386376 21 36.41 -94.51 139 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 16320377 21 36.41 -94.51 104 Nixa 0.04 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 8685378 21 36.41 -94.51 45 Tonti 0.04 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 5595379 21 36.41 -94.51 7 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 337380 21 36.41 -94.51 6 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 835381 21 36.41 -94.51 2 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 722382 21 36.41 -94.51 4 Peridge 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 364386 22 36.37 -94.51 202 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 10168387 22 36.37 -94.51 172 Captina 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 8737388 22 36.37 -94.51 201 Nixa 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 8988389 22 36.37 -94.51 51 Captina 0.06 36.58 OPAS 3.23 -2275390 22 36.37 -94.51 18 Nixa 0.06 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 33391 22 36.37 -94.51 18 Tonti 0.06 36.58 OPAS 3.23 w alum; -561392 22 36.37 -94.51 14 Peridge 0.06 36.58 OPAS 3.23 -296395 22 36.37 -94.51 21 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 2343396 22 36.37 -94.51 62 Captina 0.06 36.58 HAY 4.00 w alum; 7012397 22 36.37 -94.51 35 Nixa 0.06 36.58 HAY 4.00 w alum; 3054\nA7 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n398 22 36.37 -94.51 29 Tonti 0.06 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 3650\n399 22 36.37 -94.51 25 Captina 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2815400 22 36.37 -94.51 7 Nixa 0.05 36.58 WWHT 1.95 1181401 22 36.37 -94.51 9 Tonti 0.05 36.58 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 3069405 23 36.36 -94.55 13 Captina 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 728406 23 36.36 -94.55 7 Nixa 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 311407 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Healing 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 317408 23 36.36 -94.55 7 Peridge 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 372409 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Captina 0.05 24.39 OPAS 3.23 -11410 23 36.36 -94.55 10 Peridge 0.05 24.39 OPAS 3.23 34413 23 36.36 -94.55 2 Captina 0.05 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 256414 23 36.36 -94.55 3 Britwater 0.05 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 305415 23 36.36 -94.55 4 Nixa 0.05 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 309416 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Peridge 0.05 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 643421 24 36.34 -94.49 171 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 8849422 24 36.34 -94.49 126 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 6653423 24 36.34 -94.49 480 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 21479424 24 36.34 -94.49 234 Peridge 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 12336425 24 36.34 -94.49 46 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -1984426 24 36.34 -94.49 78 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -206427 24 36.34 -94.49 28 Secesh 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -2162428 24 36.34 -94.49 28 Peridge 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -585431 24 36.34 -94.49 52 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 5738432 24 36.34 -94.49 62 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 7035433 24 36.34 -94.49 190 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 15879434 24 36.34 -94.49 59 Peridge 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 6832435 24 36.34 -94.49 52 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -5554436 24 36.34 -94.49 33 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 1888437 24 36.34 -94.49 31 Peridge 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -618441 25 36.37 -94.87 13 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 690442 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 116443 25 36.37 -94.87 4 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -168445 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 283446 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Water 0.11 24.39 HAY 0.00 w/o N rep -60453 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Clarksville 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 99454 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Britwater 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 52455 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Water 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -76458 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Clarksville 0.13 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 282459 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Britwater 0.13 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 136460 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Elsah 0.13 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 145463 28 36.36 -94.79 3 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 190464 28 36.36 -94.79 1 Elsah 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 77468 28 36.36 -94.79 8 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 1106471 29 36.34 -94.36 111 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 2.00 w alum; w/o N rep 5995472 29 36.34 -94.36 384 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 16006473 29 36.34 -94.36 166 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 2.00 w alum; w/o N rep 10069474 29 36.34 -94.36 12 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 72475 29 36.34 -94.36 68 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -276478 29 36.34 -94.36 37 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 4407479 29 36.34 -94.36 144 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 12772480 29 36.34 -94.36 53 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 6933481 29 36.34 -94.36 4 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 434482 29 36.34 -94.36 28 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 418486 30 36.33 -94.39 110 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 WPAS 2.00 w alum; w/o N rep 5999487 30 36.33 -94.39 274 Nixa 0.08 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 12078488 30 36.33 -94.39 4 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -6489 30 36.33 -94.39 4 Captina 0.08 36.58 OPAS 3.23 -181490 30 36.33 -94.39 9 Nixa 0.08 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -90494 30 36.33 -94.39 9 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 1079495 30 36.33 -94.39 42 Nixa 0.08 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 4003496 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Razort 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 355497 31 36.36 -94.78 9 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 533498 31 36.36 -94.78 4 Elsah 0.05 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 261499 31 36.36 -94.78 11 Healing 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 766500 31 36.36 -94.78 7 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 84\nA8 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n501 31 36.36 -94.78 2 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 64\n504 31 36.36 -94.78 3 Razort 0.05 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 400505 31 36.36 -94.78 7 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 861506 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Elsah 0.05 24.39 HAY 6.00 w alum; 624507 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Healing 0.05 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 750511 32 36.35 -94.77 13 Razort 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 899512 32 36.35 -94.77 27 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1519513 32 36.35 -94.77 25 Healing 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1763514 32 36.35 -94.77 9 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 161515 32 36.35 -94.77 3 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 92516 32 36.35 -94.77 7 Britwater 0.05 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -96517 32 36.35 -94.77 4 Healing 0.05 18.29 OPAS 3.23 16520 32 36.35 -94.77 5 Razort 0.05 18.29 HAY 4.80 w alum; 812521 32 36.35 -94.77 9 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 HAY 4.80 w alum; 1131522 32 36.35 -94.77 22 Healing 0.05 18.29 HAY 4.00 w alum; 3352523 32 36.35 -94.77 6 Razort 0.03 18.29 WWHT 1.11 w alum; w/o N rep 1465524 32 36.35 -94.77 2 Clarksville 0.03 18.29 WWHT 0.65 w/o N rep 307525 32 36.35 -94.77 4 Britwater 0.03 18.29 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 510532 33 36.35 -94.82 23 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1254533 33 36.35 -94.82 4 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 229534 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -188535 33 36.35 -94.82 9 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -106536 33 36.35 -94.82 3 Britwater 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -236537 33 36.35 -94.82 2 Taloka 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -309538 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Water 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -158540 33 36.35 -94.82 19 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 2397541 33 36.35 -94.82 7 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 886542 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Britwater 0.11 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 651543 33 36.35 -94.82 6 Water 0.11 24.39 HAY 0.00 w/o N rep -232547 34 36.33 -94.86 22 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1226548 34 36.33 -94.86 25 Tonti 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1354550 34 36.33 -94.86 4 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 539551 34 36.33 -94.86 13 Tonti 0.10 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1515557 35 36.32 -94.71 69 Razort 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4868558 35 36.32 -94.71 95 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 5491559 35 36.32 -94.71 73 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4068560 35 36.32 -94.71 44 Britwater 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2429561 35 36.32 -94.71 50 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2651562 35 36.32 -94.71 73 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 3698563 35 36.32 -94.71 23 Razort 0.07 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 332564 35 36.32 -94.71 30 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 OPAS 3.23 w alum; 325565 35 36.32 -94.71 14 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 361566 35 36.32 -94.71 20 Britwater 0.07 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -783567 35 36.32 -94.71 19 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 317568 35 36.32 -94.71 19 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -852572 35 36.32 -94.71 41 Razort 0.07 18.29 HAY 6.00 w alum; 6634573 35 36.32 -94.71 87 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 6.00 w alum; 12427574 35 36.32 -94.71 46 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 6.00 w alum; 6104575 35 36.32 -94.71 38 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 HAY 6.00 w alum; 5570576 35 36.32 -94.71 56 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 HAY 6.00 w alum; 7793577 35 36.32 -94.71 6 Razort 0.04 18.29 WWHT 1.11 w alum; w/o N rep 1473578 35 36.32 -94.71 15 Clarksville 0.04 18.29 WWHT 0.65 w/o N rep 2485579 35 36.32 -94.71 7 Clarksville 0.04 18.29 WWHT 0.33 w/o N rep 1068580 35 36.32 -94.71 7 Britwater 0.04 18.29 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 859581 35 36.32 -94.71 5 Elsah 0.04 18.29 WWHT 1.95 1125585 36 36.34 -94.76 0 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 13586 36 36.34 -94.76 1 Elsah 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 48587 36 36.34 -94.76 5 Britwater 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -165588 36 36.34 -94.76 2 Elsah 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 59592 36 36.34 -94.76 3 Razort 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 407593 36 36.34 -94.76 2 Razort 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 508594 36 36.34 -94.76 7 Britwater 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 447595 36 36.34 -94.76 6 Elsah 0.02 60.98 WWHT 1.95 1388599 37 36.36 -94.59 36 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 1892600 37 36.36 -94.59 52 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2902601 37 36.36 -94.59 34 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1877602 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 63\nA9 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n603 37 36.36 -94.59 11 Captina 0.06 24.39 OPAS 3.23 -97\n604 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Taloka 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -441605 37 36.36 -94.59 3 Nixa 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 46606 37 36.36 -94.59 6 Peridge 0.06 24.39 OPAS 3.23 5608 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 751609 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 791610 37 36.36 -94.59 17 Captina 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 2003611 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Nixa 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 613612 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 614613 37 36.36 -94.59 6 Captina 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 780614 37 36.36 -94.59 3 Nixa 0.05 24.39 WWHT 1.95 452615 37 36.36 -94.59 2 Peridge 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 393619 38 36.32 -94.53 233 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 11936620 38 36.32 -94.53 454 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 23735621 38 36.32 -94.53 314 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 14125622 38 36.32 -94.53 342 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 21321623 38 36.32 -94.53 128 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -5385624 38 36.32 -94.53 45 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 131625 38 36.32 -94.53 60 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -1005628 38 36.32 -94.53 61 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 6554629 38 36.32 -94.53 110 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 12540630 38 36.32 -94.53 123 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 4.00 w alum; 10132631 38 36.32 -94.53 90 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 11016632 38 36.32 -94.53 80 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 746633 38 36.32 -94.53 31 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 4566634 38 36.32 -94.53 45 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 13862635 38 36.32 -94.53 46 Peridge 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 4796641 41 36.33 -94.65 22 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 1212642 41 36.33 -94.65 16 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 878643 41 36.33 -94.65 97 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 5084644 41 36.33 -94.65 7 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -84645 41 36.33 -94.65 5 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 93646 41 36.33 -94.65 3 Captina 0.07 24.39 OPAS 3.23 -39651 41 36.33 -94.65 24 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 6.00 w alum; 3485652 41 36.33 -94.65 14 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 6.00 w alum; 1903653 41 36.33 -94.65 18 Britwater 0.07 24.39 HAY 6.00 w alum; 2550654 42 36.3 -94.65 69 Razort 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 4804655 42 36.3 -94.65 96 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 5319656 42 36.3 -94.65 47 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2500657 42 36.3 -94.65 53 Britwater 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2763658 42 36.3 -94.65 50 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 2.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2588659 42 36.3 -94.65 56 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2483660 42 36.3 -94.65 10 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 156661 42 36.3 -94.65 28 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -70662 42 36.3 -94.65 23 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -1783666 42 36.3 -94.65 35 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 5032667 42 36.3 -94.65 27 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 3586668 42 36.3 -94.65 46 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 6669669 42 36.3 -94.65 40 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 5394670 42 36.3 -94.65 4 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 374671 42 36.3 -94.65 8 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 760672 42 36.3 -94.65 5 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 336673 42 36.3 -94.65 13 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -1414678 43 36.36 -94.65 87 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 4723679 43 36.36 -94.65 77 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4095680 43 36.36 -94.65 107 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4897681 43 36.36 -94.65 207 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 10952682 43 36.36 -94.65 85 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1402683 43 36.36 -94.65 94 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -6108684 43 36.36 -94.65 61 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -3878688 43 36.36 -94.65 44 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 5880689 43 36.36 -94.65 61 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 7607690 43 36.36 -94.65 41 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 5688691 43 36.36 -94.65 68 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 8984692 43 36.36 -94.65 40 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 4834693 43 36.36 -94.65 60 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 8873\nA10 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n694 43 36.36 -94.65 99 Taloka 0.01 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 5122\n695 43 36.36 -94.65 150 Newtonia 0.01 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 9686700 44 36.3 -94.68 62 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 3484701 44 36.3 -94.68 48 Britwater 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2610702 44 36.3 -94.68 63 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2890703 44 36.3 -94.68 17 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -283704 44 36.3 -94.68 18 Taloka 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -1949705 44 36.3 -94.68 20 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -1330710 44 36.3 -94.68 13 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 1992711 44 36.3 -94.68 16 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 2175712 44 36.3 -94.68 21 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 3164713 44 36.3 -94.68 20 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 2997714 44 36.3 -94.68 33 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 4737715 44 36.3 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 329716 44 36.3 -94.68 8 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 630717 44 36.3 -94.68 3 Macedonia 0.08 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -364721 45 36.28 -94.67 177 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 WPAS 2.00 w alum; w/o N rep 9625722 45 36.28 -94.67 100 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 4688723 45 36.28 -94.67 92 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 4947724 45 36.28 -94.67 75 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 458725 45 36.28 -94.67 59 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -3641730 45 36.28 -94.67 40 Clarksville 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 6415731 45 36.28 -94.67 158 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 25108732 45 36.28 -94.67 83 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 6.00 w alum; 12772733 45 36.28 -94.67 10 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 802734 45 36.28 -94.67 16 Doniphan 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1.11 w alum; w/o N rep 1998735 45 36.28 -94.67 31 Macedonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2759741 46 36.29 -94.61 269 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 15164742 46 36.29 -94.61 277 Captina 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 15551743 46 36.29 -94.61 469 Taloka 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 17959744 46 36.29 -94.61 36 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -99745 46 36.29 -94.61 75 Captina 0.03 60.98 OPAS 3.23 -77746 46 36.29 -94.61 30 Tonti 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -942747 46 36.29 -94.61 37 Taloka 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -4029752 46 36.29 -94.61 101 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 14172753 46 36.29 -94.61 184 Captina 0.03 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 26789754 46 36.29 -94.61 82 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAY 4.80 w alum; 10377755 46 36.29 -94.61 41 Captina 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 5677756 46 36.29 -94.61 31 Taloka 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 5588757 47 36.39 -94.84 45 Razort 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 3151758 47 36.39 -94.84 159 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 8805759 47 36.39 -94.84 51 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2759760 47 36.39 -94.84 30 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -268761 47 36.39 -94.84 18 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 344762 47 36.39 -94.84 6 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 45766 47 36.39 -94.84 26 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 3867767 47 36.39 -94.84 129 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 16135768 47 36.39 -94.84 57 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 6781773 48 36.4 -94.79 48 Razort 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 3209774 48 36.4 -94.79 247 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 12895775 48 36.4 -94.79 51 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2652776 48 36.4 -94.79 23 Razort 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -376777 48 36.4 -94.79 82 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -3406778 48 36.4 -94.79 56 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 204781 48 36.4 -94.79 45 Razort 0.11 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 6025782 48 36.4 -94.79 176 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 19606783 48 36.4 -94.79 54 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 5812784 48 36.4 -94.79 38 Britwater 0.11 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 4079785 48 36.4 -94.79 18 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 1709786 48 36.4 -94.79 11 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w/o N rep 1207790 49 36.37 -94.73 418 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 22636791 49 36.37 -94.73 151 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 7916792 49 36.37 -94.73 230 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 9721793 49 36.37 -94.73 82 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -2020794 49 36.37 -94.73 51 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 616795 49 36.37 -94.73 45 Taloka 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -6565\nA11 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n796 49 36.37 -94.73 41 Doniphan 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -367\n797 49 36.37 -94.73 80 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -6556800 49 36.37 -94.73 270 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 33539801 49 36.37 -94.73 117 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 13784802 49 36.37 -94.73 217 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 25034803 49 36.37 -94.73 28 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2912804 49 36.37 -94.73 12 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0.65 w alum; w/o N rep 1169805 49 36.37 -94.73 12 Taloka 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -2418806 49 36.37 -94.73 11 Doniphan 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 1030807 49 36.37 -94.73 17 Macedonia 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -345808 50 36.27 -94.81 159 Razort 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 11051809 50 36.27 -94.81 489 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 27292810 50 36.27 -94.81 167 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 9197811 50 36.27 -94.81 192 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -2105812 50 36.27 -94.81 100 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1850813 50 36.27 -94.81 86 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 396817 50 36.27 -94.81 118 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 18051818 50 36.27 -94.81 300 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 40330819 50 36.27 -94.81 146 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 18495820 50 36.27 -94.81 107 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 14494821 50 36.27 -94.81 15 Razort 0.09 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2002822 50 36.27 -94.81 64 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 3935823 50 36.27 -94.81 33 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 2498828 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.06 15.24 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 88829 51 36.35 -94.75 0 Clarksville 0.06 15.24 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 15830 51 36.35 -94.75 0 Razort 0.06 15.24 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 8831 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Elsah 0.06 15.24 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 27834 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.06 15.24 HAY 4.80 w alum; 166835 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.01 15.24 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 353836 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Britwater 0.01 15.24 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 84837 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Elsah 0.01 15.24 WWHT 1.95 343845 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 131846 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 140847 52 36.32 -94.68 6 Britwater 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 301848 52 36.32 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -11849 52 36.32 -94.68 6 Britwater 0.10 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -167854 52 36.32 -94.68 1 Razort 0.10 24.39 HAY 6.00 w alum; 191855 52 36.32 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 6.00 w alum; 699856 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Britwater 0.10 24.39 HAY 6.00 w alum; 251857 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Doniphan 0.10 24.39 HAY 6.00 w alum; 269858 52 36.32 -94.68 1 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 1.30 w alum; 120864 53 36.35 -94.57 25 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 1295865 53 36.35 -94.57 45 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2260866 53 36.35 -94.57 18 Waben 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 1127867 53 36.35 -94.57 48 Peridge 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2566868 53 36.35 -94.57 8 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 65869 53 36.35 -94.57 4 Britwater 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -306870 53 36.35 -94.57 6 Waben 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 83871 53 36.35 -94.57 7 Peridge 0.07 24.39 OPAS 3.23 -59875 53 36.35 -94.57 18 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 1970876 53 36.35 -94.57 12 Britwater 0.07 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 1341877 53 36.35 -94.57 6 Waben 0.07 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 714878 53 36.35 -94.57 10 Peridge 0.07 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1216879 53 36.35 -94.57 7 Clarksville 0.12 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 484880 53 36.35 -94.57 8 Nixa 0.12 24.39 WWHT 0.00 w N rep -437883 54 36.42 -94.62 25 Razort 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1712884 54 36.42 -94.62 31 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 1651885 54 36.42 -94.62 23 Britwater 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1191886 54 36.42 -94.62 93 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 4933887 54 36.42 -94.62 45 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -2532892 54 36.42 -94.62 15 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1631893 54 36.42 -94.62 88 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 HAY 4.80 w alum; 10624894 54 36.42 -94.62 6 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 857898 55 36.27 -94.74 520 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 29460899 55 36.27 -94.74 347 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 18245900 55 36.27 -94.74 586 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 30409901 55 36.27 -94.74 133 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -245\nA12 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n902 55 36.27 -94.74 499 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 1019\n907 55 36.27 -94.74 348 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 52524908 55 36.27 -94.74 228 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 32158909 55 36.27 -94.74 808 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 HAY 6.00 w alum; 122400910 55 36.27 -94.74 24 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.65 w alum; w/o N rep 2983911 55 36.27 -94.74 31 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 454912 55 36.27 -94.74 40 Britwater 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 1356913 55 36.27 -94.74 79 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 8621918 56 36.38 -94.44 1 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 26919 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Britwater 0.08 60.98 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 21923 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 HAY 0.00 w/o N rep 1924 56 36.38 -94.44 1 Britwater 0.08 60.98 HAY 0.00 w/o N rep -12925 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Water 0.08 60.98 HAY 0.00 w/o N rep -7926 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Elsah 0.09 60.98 WWHT 1.95 62927 57 36.39 -94.94 48 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2417928 57 36.39 -94.94 114 Britwater 0.09 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 5897929 57 36.39 -94.94 4 Razort 0.09 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 91930 57 36.39 -94.94 4 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 54931 57 36.39 -94.94 27 Britwater 0.09 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -1158934 57 36.39 -94.94 28 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 HAY 4.00 w alum; 3039935 57 36.39 -94.94 74 Britwater 0.09 18.29 HAY 4.00 w alum; 7468936 57 36.39 -94.94 23 Healing 0.09 18.29 HAY 4.00 w alum; 2788938 58 36.35 -94.85 0 Razort 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 20939 58 36.35 -94.85 1 Clarksville 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 42940 58 36.35 -94.85 0 Britwater 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 25943 59 36.36 -94.86 2 Razort 0.17 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 144944 59 36.36 -94.86 4 Clarksville 0.17 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 230948 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Razort 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 139949 60 36.37 -94.81 7 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 392950 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 104951 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Britwater 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 119952 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 6953 60 36.37 -94.81 0 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 10954 60 36.37 -94.81 0 Water 0.10 18.29 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -13956 60 36.37 -94.81 6 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 HAY 4.80 w alum; 853957 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 HAY 4.80 w alum; 212961 61 36.35 -94.79 5 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 286962 61 36.35 -94.79 1 Elsah 0.06 24.39 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 61963 61 36.35 -94.79 3 Healing 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 178966 61 36.35 -94.79 2 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 297967 61 36.35 -94.79 2 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.80 w alum; 216968 62 36.33 -94.8 80 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 4542969 62 36.33 -94.8 99 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 5527970 62 36.33 -94.8 47 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2458971 62 36.33 -94.8 19 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 221972 62 36.33 -94.8 35 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 882973 62 36.33 -94.8 45 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 795974 62 36.33 -94.8 18 Jay 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w N rep -1436978 62 36.33 -94.8 50 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 6833979 62 36.33 -94.8 113 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 14397980 62 36.33 -94.8 99 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 13644981 62 36.33 -94.8 5 Clarksville 0.03 36.58 WWHT 0.33 w/o N rep 640982 62 36.33 -94.8 10 Clarksville 0.03 36.58 WWHT 0.98 w/o N rep 1384983 62 36.33 -94.8 13 Doniphan 0.03 36.58 WWHT 0.33 w/o N rep 1619984 62 36.33 -94.8 17 Jay 0.03 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 381985 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Razort 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 334986 63 36.32 -94.89 6 Clarksville 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 337987 63 36.32 -94.89 3 Britwater 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 157990 63 36.32 -94.89 4 Razort 0.08 18.29 HAY 4.80 w alum; 553991 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Clarksville 0.08 18.29 HAY 4.80 w alum; 672992 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Britwater 0.08 18.29 HAY 4.80 w alum; 611995 64 36.37 -94.91 7 Razort 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 483996 64 36.37 -94.91 16 Clarksville 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 835997 64 36.37 -94.91 17 Britwater 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 842\n1000 64 36.37 -94.91 6 Razort 0.11 36.58 HAY 4.00 w alum; 7851001 64 36.37 -94.91 9 Clarksville 0.11 36.58 HAY 4.00 w alum; 10461002 64 36.37 -94.91 5 Britwater 0.11 36.58 HAY 4.00 w alum; 585\nA13 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude at \nthe center of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum, \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice\n1003 64 36.37 -94.91 2 Water 0.11 36.58 HAY 0.00 w/o N rep -86\n1007 66 36.36 -95.02 19 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 9761008 66 36.36 -95.02 26 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 12471009 66 36.36 -95.02 35 Nixa 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 14081010 66 36.36 -95.02 10 Parsons 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 5401013 66 36.36 -95.02 8 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 4.00 w alum; 8011014 66 36.36 -95.02 11 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 4.00 w alum; 10421015 66 36.36 -95.02 7 Nixa 0.07 18.29 HAY 4.00 w alum; 5171016 67 36.37 -94.98 4 Razort 0.13 15.24 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 2851017 67 36.37 -94.98 28 Clarksville 0.13 15.24 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 14161021 68 36.33 -94.61 278 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 152411022 68 36.33 -94.61 216 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 109591023 68 36.33 -94.61 198 Captina 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 108901024 68 36.33 -94.61 198 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1.00 w/o N rep 101651025 68 36.33 -94.61 39 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 5451026 68 36.33 -94.61 33 Captina 0.05 36.58 OPAS 3.23 -4881027 68 36.33 -94.61 29 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep -561028 68 36.33 -94.61 23 Tonti 0.05 36.58 OPAS 3.23 3591032 68 36.33 -94.61 102 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 4.00 w alum; 113851033 68 36.33 -94.61 136 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 4.80 w alum; 142041034 68 36.33 -94.61 76 Captina 0.05 36.58 HAY 4.00 w alum; 86841035 68 36.33 -94.61 73 Tonti 0.05 36.58 HAY 6.00 w alum; 86091036 68 36.33 -94.61 13 Clarksville 0.04 36.58 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 18611037 68 36.33 -94.61 24 Captina 0.04 36.58 WWHT 0.00 w N rep 16711038 68 36.33 -94.61 33 Tonti 0.04 36.59 WWHT 1.95 w alum; 109071039 69 36.35 -95.01 13 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 6341040 69 36.35 -95.01 8 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 4201041 69 36.35 -95.01 16 Britwater 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 8141042 69 36.35 -95.01 25 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 13811043 69 36.35 -95.01 7 Captina 0.06 24.39 OPAS 3.23 -1371044 69 36.35 -95.01 4 Nixa 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0.00 w/o N rep 521045 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Peridge 0.06 24.39 OPAS 3.23 -381048 69 36.35 -95.01 7 Captina 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 7981049 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Britwater 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 2831050 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Nixa 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 1781051 69 36.35 -95.01 2 Healing 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 2941052 69 36.35 -95.01 4 Peridge 0.06 24.39 HAY 4.00 w alum; 478\nA14 Table A.2.5. Spatial Detail for the Optimal Solution for Policy 2.\nHRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n5 1 36.44 -94.67 53 Razort 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3891\n6 1 36.44 -94.67 123 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 72447 1 36.44 -94.67 49 Captina 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 30968 1 36.44 -94.67 44 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 23269 1 36.44 -94.67 56 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2061\n10 1 36.44 -94.67 38 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 138611 1 36.44 -94.67 37 Captina 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 134012 1 36.44 -94.67 23 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 85213 1 36.44 -94.67 28 Macedonia 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 103217 1 36.44 -94.67 52 Razort 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 432918 1 36.44 -94.67 117 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 773619 1 36.44 -94.67 47 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 125620 1 36.44 -94.67 51 Captina 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 486521 1 36.44 -94.67 45 Taloka 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 366722 1 36.44 -94.67 54 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 323923 1 36.44 -94.67 3 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 38024 1 36.44 -94.67 12 Captina 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 215625 1 36.44 -94.67 5 Taloka 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 113930 2 36.43 -94.7 290 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1725131 2 36.43 -94.7 158 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 991332 2 36.43 -94.7 186 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 987133 2 36.43 -94.7 184 Taloka 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1068434 2 36.43 -94.7 159 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 579235 2 36.43 -94.7 136 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 616136 2 36.43 -94.7 91 Taloka 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 555837 2 36.43 -94.7 154 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 563238 2 36.43 -94.7 112 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 407543 2 36.43 -94.7 343 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2431744 2 36.43 -94.7 314 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 3063745 2 36.43 -94.7 373 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2458946 2 36.43 -94.7 38 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 601547 2 36.43 -94.7 58 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 882348 2 36.43 -94.7 75 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 961149 2 36.43 -94.7 39 Taloka 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 749656 3 36.42 -94.67 186 Captina 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1149557 3 36.42 -94.67 366 Jay 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2352958 3 36.42 -94.67 256 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1485959 3 36.42 -94.67 324 Nixa 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1668960 3 36.42 -94.67 176 Peridge 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1076661 3 36.42 -94.67 48 Captina 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 176662 3 36.42 -94.67 61 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 221063 3 36.42 -94.67 88 Nixa 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 320764 3 36.42 -94.67 44 Peridge 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 161267 3 36.42 -94.67 166 Captina 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 1544568 3 36.42 -94.67 116 Jay 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 988569 3 36.42 -94.67 226 Nixa 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 20270 3 36.42 -94.67 88 Peridge 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 805771 3 36.42 -94.67 28 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 573572 3 36.42 -94.67 23 Jay 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 557373 3 36.42 -94.67 28 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w N rep 583374 3 36.42 -94.67 15 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w N rep 398982 4 36.4 -94.57 292 Taloka 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1623083 4 36.4 -94.57 377 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2124884 4 36.4 -94.57 174 Nixa 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 898385 4 36.4 -94.57 46 Captina 0.02 121.95 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 173486 4 36.4 -94.57 30 Jay 0.02 121.95 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1409\nA15 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n87 4 36.4 -94.57 56 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2056\n88 4 36.4 -94.57 34 Nixa 0.02 121.95 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 123091 4 36.4 -94.57 144 Captina 0.02 121.95 HAY 0 w N rep 1274092 4 36.4 -94.57 130 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 HAY 0 w N rep 1212493 4 36.4 -94.57 151 Nixa 0.02 121.95 HAY 0 w/o N rep 4194 4 36.4 -94.57 84 Tonti 0.02 121.95 HAY 0 w N rep 443695 4 36.4 -94.57 13 Captina 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 273496 4 36.4 -94.57 15 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 266497 4 36.4 -94.57 13 Nixa 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 162198 4 36.4 -94.57 22 Peridge 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 5018\n101 5 36.41 -94.63 0 Britwater 0.03 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 11102 5 36.41 -94.63 0 Razort 0.03 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 6105 5 36.41 -94.63 1 Razort 0.04 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 323112 6 36.38 -94.61 227 Taloka 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 12598113 6 36.38 -94.61 345 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 20013114 6 36.38 -94.61 30 Taloka 0.01 121.95 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1081115 6 36.38 -94.61 125 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 4582119 6 36.38 -94.61 59 Taloka 0.01 121.95 HAY 0 w N rep 2271120 6 36.38 -94.61 142 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 HAY 0 w N rep 12168121 6 36.38 -94.61 69 Taloka 0.01 121.95 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 19489122 6 36.38 -94.61 63 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 WWHT 0 w N rep 11183126 7 36.4 -94.31 299 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 18050127 7 36.4 -94.31 155 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7882128 7 36.4 -94.31 199 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9949129 7 36.4 -94.31 103 Noark 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6070130 7 36.4 -94.31 55 Captina 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2017131 7 36.4 -94.31 18 Nixa 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 663132 7 36.4 -94.31 21 Tonti 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 779137 7 36.4 -94.31 143 Captina 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 12534138 7 36.4 -94.31 32 Nixa 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w/o N rep 38139 7 36.4 -94.31 73 Tonti 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 4701140 7 36.4 -94.31 21 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w N rep 4608141 7 36.4 -94.31 7 Nixa 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1013142 7 36.4 -94.31 13 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w N rep 3686146 8 36.37 -94.33 184 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 10965147 8 36.37 -94.33 131 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6640148 8 36.37 -94.33 230 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 11493149 8 36.37 -94.33 65 Captina 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2366150 8 36.37 -94.33 24 Nixa 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 860151 8 36.37 -94.33 32 Tonti 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1158157 8 36.37 -94.33 58 Captina 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 5462158 8 36.37 -94.33 41 Nixa 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w/o N rep 41159 8 36.37 -94.33 69 Tonti 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 4488160 8 36.37 -94.33 39 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w N rep 8358161 8 36.37 -94.33 9 Taloka 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w N rep 2367162 8 36.37 -94.33 21 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w N rep 6097166 9 36.4 -94.37 728 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 38672167 9 36.4 -94.37 226 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 12013168 9 36.4 -94.37 231 Noark 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 14144169 9 36.4 -94.37 61 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2215170 9 36.4 -94.37 149 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 5427171 9 36.4 -94.37 82 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2991175 9 36.4 -94.37 128 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 12600176 9 36.4 -94.37 407 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2276177 9 36.4 -94.37 201 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 11814178 9 36.4 -94.37 26 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 5540\nA16 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n179 9 36.4 -94.37 60 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 7968\n180 9 36.4 -94.37 12 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w N rep 3316184 10 36.37 -94.41 63 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3450185 10 36.37 -94.41 123 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6544186 10 36.37 -94.41 77 Secesh 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4024187 10 36.37 -94.41 57 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2994188 10 36.37 -94.41 11 Britwater 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 411189 10 36.37 -94.41 33 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1193190 10 36.37 -94.41 9 Tonti 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 344191 10 36.37 -94.41 17 Peridge 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 626195 10 36.37 -94.41 47 Britwater 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 3650196 10 36.37 -94.41 98 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1019197 10 36.37 -94.41 48 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2900198 10 36.37 -94.41 5 Britwater 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 952199 10 36.37 -94.41 10 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1263200 10 36.37 -94.41 5 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 w N rep 1342203 11 36.4 -94.99 19 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 1979204 11 36.4 -94.99 35 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 3665205 11 36.4 -94.99 24 Water 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -938206 11 36.4 -94.99 3 Razort 0.10 24.39 OPAS 3.23076 332207 11 36.4 -94.99 20 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 OPAS 0.53846 w/o N rep 967209 11 36.4 -94.99 11 Razort 0.10 24.39 HAY 6 3099210 11 36.4 -94.99 25 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 6 6436219 13 36.41 -94.66 255 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 18493220 13 36.41 -94.66 325 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 19067221 13 36.41 -94.66 164 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9263222 13 36.41 -94.66 152 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8944223 13 36.41 -94.66 71 Razort 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 4302224 13 36.41 -94.66 50 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1813225 13 36.41 -94.66 62 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2276226 13 36.41 -94.66 59 Doniphan 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2164227 13 36.41 -94.66 96 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 3714232 13 36.41 -94.66 114 Razort 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 10046233 13 36.41 -94.66 148 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 9240234 13 36.41 -94.66 109 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 3054235 13 36.41 -94.66 112 Doniphan 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 6446236 13 36.41 -94.66 119 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 11521237 13 36.41 -94.66 27 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 4664238 13 36.41 -94.66 22 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 3171239 13 36.41 -94.66 26 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 3531240 13 36.41 -94.66 62 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 10048241 13 36.41 -94.66 25 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 4396246 14 36.37 -94.66 40 Clarksville 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2379247 14 36.37 -94.66 95 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5254248 14 36.37 -94.66 51 Jay 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3367249 14 36.37 -94.66 74 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4365250 14 36.37 -94.66 33 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1207251 14 36.37 -94.66 42 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1537252 14 36.37 -94.66 71 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2941257 14 36.37 -94.66 70 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 5105258 14 36.37 -94.66 67 Jay 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 5244259 14 36.37 -94.66 115 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 10722260 14 36.37 -94.66 14 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2370261 14 36.37 -94.66 48 Macedonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 7209262 14 36.37 -94.66 19 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2894267 15 34.4 -94.44 110 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5836\nA17 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n268 15 34.4 -94.44 183 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9698\n269 15 34.4 -94.44 132 Noark 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8152270 15 34.4 -94.44 48 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1771271 15 34.4 -94.44 22 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 805272 15 34.4 -94.44 73 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2669276 15 34.4 -94.44 57 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 5605277 15 34.4 -94.44 85 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1165278 15 34.4 -94.44 138 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 8362279 15 34.4 -94.44 35 Noark 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1053280 15 34.4 -94.44 14 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2926281 15 34.4 -94.44 11 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1486282 15 34.4 -94.44 13 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w N rep 3615283 15 34.4 -94.44 13 Peridge 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2926287 16 36.35 -94.44 195 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 10692288 16 36.35 -94.44 317 Nixa 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 16823289 16 36.35 -94.44 271 Peridge 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 16545290 16 36.35 -94.44 53 Nixa 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1935291 16 36.35 -94.44 80 Peridge 0.07 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2936295 16 36.35 -94.44 41 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 671296 16 36.35 -94.44 37 Captina 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 3198297 16 36.35 -94.44 102 Nixa 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1174298 16 36.35 -94.44 31 Peridge 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2733299 16 36.35 -94.44 12 Captina 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2357300 16 36.35 -94.44 14 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 w N rep 2750301 16 36.35 -94.44 15 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1872302 16 36.35 -94.44 42 Peridge 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 9272306 17 36.41 -94.48 50 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2726307 17 36.41 -94.48 59 Captina 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3712308 17 36.41 -94.48 109 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5808309 17 36.41 -94.48 105 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5487310 17 36.41 -94.48 51 Noark 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3160311 17 36.41 -94.48 12 Captina 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 431312 17 36.41 -94.48 22 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 786313 17 36.41 -94.48 37 Tonti 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1336314 17 36.41 -94.48 18 Noark 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 657319 17 36.41 -94.48 51 Captina 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 5003320 17 36.41 -94.48 49 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 668321 17 36.41 -94.48 70 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 4190322 17 36.41 -94.48 4 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 840323 17 36.41 -94.48 12 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1601324 17 36.41 -94.48 8 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w N rep 2160327 18 36.39 -94.47 65 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3484328 18 36.39 -94.47 83 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5156329 18 36.39 -94.47 89 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4752330 18 36.39 -94.47 53 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2760331 18 36.39 -94.47 51 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1860332 18 36.39 -94.47 23 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 830333 18 36.39 -94.47 38 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1386337 18 36.39 -94.47 89 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 8371338 18 36.39 -94.47 53 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 768339 18 36.39 -94.47 65 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 3901340 18 36.39 -94.47 10 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1920341 18 36.39 -94.47 6 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 816342 18 36.39 -94.47 10 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w N rep 2659346 19 36.35 -94.92 34 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 6 3660347 19 36.35 -94.92 19 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 1953\nA18 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n348 19 36.35 -94.92 12 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 WPAS 6 1339\n349 19 36.35 -94.92 27 Tonti 0.06 24.39 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 2815350 19 36.35 -94.92 22 Tonti 0.06 24.39 OPAS 3.23076 2417354 19 36.35 -94.92 7 Razort 0.06 24.39 HAY 6 2210355 19 36.35 -94.92 11 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 6 3092356 19 36.35 -94.92 10 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 6 2774357 19 36.35 -94.92 9 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 HAY 6 2407358 19 36.35 -94.92 21 Tonti 0.06 24.39 HAY 6 5680361 20 36.36 -94.89 26 Razort 0.16 24.39 WPAS 6 3149362 20 36.36 -94.89 122 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 WPAS 6 14337363 20 36.36 -94.89 6 Razort 0.16 24.39 OPAS 3.23076 768364 20 36.36 -94.89 36 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 OPAS 2.58461 2593367 20 36.36 -94.89 14 Razort 0.16 24.39 HAY 6 4233368 20 36.36 -94.89 92 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 HAY 6 26239369 21 36.41 -94.51 222 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 13948370 21 36.41 -94.51 152 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8194371 21 36.41 -94.51 105 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5498372 21 36.41 -94.51 59 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2152373 21 36.41 -94.51 48 Nixa 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1757376 21 36.41 -94.51 139 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 13916377 21 36.41 -94.51 104 Nixa 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1491378 21 36.41 -94.51 45 Tonti 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2730379 21 36.41 -94.51 7 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1496380 21 36.41 -94.51 6 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 718381 21 36.41 -94.51 2 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w N rep 642382 21 36.41 -94.51 4 Peridge 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 799386 22 36.37 -94.51 202 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 10867387 22 36.37 -94.51 172 Captina 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 10638388 22 36.37 -94.51 201 Nixa 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 10673389 22 36.37 -94.51 51 Captina 0.06 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1905390 22 36.37 -94.51 18 Nixa 0.06 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 666391 22 36.37 -94.51 18 Tonti 0.06 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 674392 22 36.37 -94.51 14 Peridge 0.06 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 514395 22 36.37 -94.51 21 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 392396 22 36.37 -94.51 62 Captina 0.06 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 5978397 22 36.37 -94.51 35 Nixa 0.06 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 456398 22 36.37 -94.51 29 Tonti 0.06 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 1823399 22 36.37 -94.51 25 Captina 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 5452400 22 36.37 -94.51 7 Nixa 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 835401 22 36.37 -94.51 9 Tonti 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 w N rep 2416405 23 36.36 -94.55 13 Captina 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 806406 23 36.36 -94.55 7 Nixa 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 353407 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Healing 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 334408 23 36.36 -94.55 7 Peridge 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 408409 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Captina 0.05 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 196410 23 36.36 -94.55 10 Peridge 0.05 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 354413 23 36.36 -94.55 2 Captina 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 194414 23 36.36 -94.55 3 Britwater 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 192415 23 36.36 -94.55 4 Nixa 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 46416 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Peridge 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 484421 24 36.34 -94.49 171 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9231422 24 36.34 -94.49 126 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7921423 24 36.34 -94.49 480 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 25481424 24 36.34 -94.49 234 Peridge 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 14510425 24 36.34 -94.49 46 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1687426 24 36.34 -94.49 78 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2843\nA19 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n427 24 36.34 -94.49 28 Secesh 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1032\n428 24 36.34 -94.49 28 Peridge 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1024431 24 36.34 -94.49 52 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 837432 24 36.34 -94.49 62 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 5747433 24 36.34 -94.49 190 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2373434 24 36.34 -94.49 59 Peridge 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 5489435 24 36.34 -94.49 52 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 9827436 24 36.34 -94.49 33 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 4113437 24 36.34 -94.49 31 Peridge 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 6411441 25 36.37 -94.87 13 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 6 1483442 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 6 265443 25 36.37 -94.87 4 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -168445 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 6 644446 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Water 0.11 24.39 HAY 1 w/o N rep -58453 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Clarksville 0.13 36.58 WPAS 6 223454 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Britwater 0.13 36.58 WPAS 6 127455 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Water 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -76458 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Clarksville 0.13 36.58 HAY 6 629459 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Britwater 0.13 36.58 HAY 6 326460 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Elsah 0.13 36.58 HAY 6 326463 28 36.36 -94.79 3 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 6 419464 28 36.36 -94.79 1 Elsah 0.07 24.39 WPAS 6 160468 28 36.36 -94.79 8 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 6 2400471 29 36.34 -94.36 111 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5877472 29 36.34 -94.36 384 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 19458473 29 36.34 -94.36 166 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8310474 29 36.34 -94.36 12 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 438475 29 36.34 -94.36 68 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2501478 29 36.34 -94.36 37 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 503479 29 36.34 -94.36 144 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w/o N rep 129480 29 36.34 -94.36 53 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 3366481 29 36.34 -94.36 4 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 679482 29 36.34 -94.36 28 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 3856486 30 36.33 -94.39 110 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5943487 30 36.33 -94.39 274 Nixa 0.08 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 14567488 30 36.33 -94.39 4 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 146489 30 36.33 -94.39 4 Captina 0.08 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 150490 30 36.33 -94.39 9 Nixa 0.08 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 343494 30 36.33 -94.39 9 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 147495 30 36.33 -94.39 42 Nixa 0.08 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 530496 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Razort 0.05 24.39 WPAS 6 669497 31 36.36 -94.78 9 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WPAS 6 1161498 31 36.36 -94.78 4 Elsah 0.05 24.39 WPAS 6 561499 31 36.36 -94.78 11 Healing 0.05 24.39 WPAS 6 1442500 31 36.36 -94.78 7 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 OPAS 2.58461 405501 31 36.36 -94.78 2 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 102504 31 36.36 -94.78 3 Razort 0.05 24.39 HAY 6 815505 31 36.36 -94.78 7 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 HAY 6 1910506 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Elsah 0.05 24.39 HAY 6 1444507 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Healing 0.05 24.39 HAY 6 1521511 32 36.35 -94.77 13 Razort 0.05 18.29 WPAS 6 1592512 32 36.35 -94.77 27 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 WPAS 6 3123513 32 36.35 -94.77 25 Healing 0.05 18.29 WPAS 6 3085514 32 36.35 -94.77 9 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 OPAS 2.58461 532515 32 36.35 -94.77 3 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 129516 32 36.35 -94.77 7 Britwater 0.05 18.29 OPAS 2.58461 469\nA20 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n517 32 36.35 -94.77 4 Healing 0.05 18.29 OPAS 3.23076 489\n520 32 36.35 -94.77 5 Razort 0.05 18.29 HAY 6 1629521 32 36.35 -94.77 9 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 HAY 6 2453522 32 36.35 -94.77 22 Healing 0.05 18.29 HAY 6 6693523 32 36.35 -94.77 6 Razort 0.03 18.29 WWHT 1.95 2168524 32 36.35 -94.77 2 Clarksville 0.03 18.29 WWHT 1.95 460525 32 36.35 -94.77 4 Britwater 0.03 18.29 WWHT 1.95 1180532 33 36.35 -94.82 23 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 6 2675533 33 36.35 -94.82 4 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 6 529534 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -188535 33 36.35 -94.82 9 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 2.58461 789536 33 36.35 -94.82 3 Britwater 0.11 24.39 OPAS 3.23076 390537 33 36.35 -94.82 2 Taloka 0.11 24.39 OPAS 2.58461 130538 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Water 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep -157540 33 36.35 -94.82 19 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 6 5409541 33 36.35 -94.82 7 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 6 2044542 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Britwater 0.11 24.39 HAY 6 1528543 33 36.35 -94.82 6 Water 0.11 24.39 HAY 1 w/o N rep -225547 34 36.33 -94.86 22 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 6 2445548 34 36.33 -94.86 25 Tonti 0.10 24.39 WPAS 3.4 w/o N rep 2669550 34 36.33 -94.86 4 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 6 1197551 34 36.33 -94.86 13 Tonti 0.10 24.39 HAY 6 3577557 35 36.32 -94.71 69 Razort 0.07 18.29 WPAS 6 9221558 35 36.32 -94.71 95 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 6 12074559 35 36.32 -94.71 73 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 6 8595560 35 36.32 -94.71 44 Britwater 0.07 18.29 WPAS 6 5697561 35 36.32 -94.71 50 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 WPAS 6 6331562 35 36.32 -94.71 73 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 WPAS 6 9230563 35 36.32 -94.71 23 Razort 0.07 18.29 OPAS 3.23076 2865564 35 36.32 -94.71 30 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 OPAS 3.23076 3657565 35 36.32 -94.71 14 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 OPAS 2.58461 695566 35 36.32 -94.71 20 Britwater 0.07 18.29 OPAS 3.23076 2357567 35 36.32 -94.71 19 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 OPAS 2.58461 863568 35 36.32 -94.71 19 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 OPAS 2.58461 1161572 35 36.32 -94.71 41 Razort 0.07 18.29 HAY 6 12872573 35 36.32 -94.71 87 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 6 25836574 35 36.32 -94.71 46 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 6 13083575 35 36.32 -94.71 38 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 HAY 6 11383576 35 36.32 -94.71 56 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 HAY 6 16800577 35 36.32 -94.71 6 Razort 0.04 18.29 WWHT 1.95 2097578 35 36.32 -94.71 15 Clarksville 0.04 18.29 WWHT 1.95 3835579 35 36.32 -94.71 7 Clarksville 0.04 18.29 WWHT 1.95 1453580 35 36.32 -94.71 7 Britwater 0.04 18.29 WWHT 1.95 2070581 35 36.32 -94.71 5 Elsah 0.04 18.29 WWHT 1.95 1423585 36 36.34 -94.76 0 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 6 23586 36 36.34 -94.76 1 Elsah 0.05 60.98 WPAS 6 101587 36 36.34 -94.76 5 Britwater 0.05 60.98 OPAS 2.58461 316588 36 36.34 -94.76 2 Elsah 0.05 60.98 OPAS 2.58461 118592 36 36.34 -94.76 3 Razort 0.05 60.98 HAY 6 814593 36 36.34 -94.76 2 Razort 0.02 60.98 WWHT 1.95 837594 36 36.34 -94.76 7 Britwater 0.02 60.98 WWHT 1.95 1839595 36 36.34 -94.76 6 Elsah 0.02 60.98 WWHT 1.95 1814599 37 36.36 -94.59 36 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1964600 37 36.36 -94.59 52 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3243601 37 36.36 -94.59 34 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2078602 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 132\nA21 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n603 37 36.36 -94.59 11 Captina 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 385\n604 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Taloka 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 140605 37 36.36 -94.59 3 Nixa 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 125606 37 36.36 -94.59 6 Peridge 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 210608 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 362609 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 137610 37 36.36 -94.59 17 Captina 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 1586611 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Nixa 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 94612 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 580613 37 36.36 -94.59 6 Captina 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1340614 37 36.36 -94.59 3 Nixa 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 329615 37 36.36 -94.59 2 Peridge 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 505619 38 36.32 -94.53 233 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 12730620 38 36.32 -94.53 454 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 28482621 38 36.32 -94.53 314 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 16666622 38 36.32 -94.53 342 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 17877623 38 36.32 -94.53 128 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 4667624 38 36.32 -94.53 45 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1626625 38 36.32 -94.53 60 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2193628 38 36.32 -94.53 61 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 906629 38 36.32 -94.53 110 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 10181630 38 36.32 -94.53 123 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1409631 38 36.32 -94.53 90 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 5510632 38 36.32 -94.53 80 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 13700633 38 36.32 -94.53 31 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 3742634 38 36.32 -94.53 45 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w N rep 12720635 38 36.32 -94.53 46 Peridge 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 9913641 41 36.33 -94.65 22 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1269642 41 36.33 -94.65 16 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 930643 41 36.33 -94.65 97 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5804644 41 36.33 -94.65 7 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 265645 41 36.33 -94.65 5 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 199646 41 36.33 -94.65 3 Captina 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 104651 41 36.33 -94.65 24 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 2133652 41 36.33 -94.65 14 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 622653 41 36.33 -94.65 18 Britwater 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 1584654 42 36.3 -94.65 69 Razort 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4997655 42 36.3 -94.65 96 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5695656 42 36.3 -94.65 47 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2681657 42 36.3 -94.65 53 Britwater 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3179658 42 36.3 -94.65 50 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2671659 42 36.3 -94.65 56 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3177660 42 36.3 -94.65 10 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 372661 42 36.3 -94.65 28 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1006662 42 36.3 -94.65 23 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 858666 42 36.3 -94.65 35 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 2917667 42 36.3 -94.65 27 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 1041668 42 36.3 -94.65 46 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 3386669 42 36.3 -94.65 40 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 3379670 42 36.3 -94.65 4 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 781671 42 36.3 -94.65 8 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1283672 42 36.3 -94.65 5 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 725673 42 36.3 -94.65 13 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2168678 43 36.36 -94.65 87 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5026679 43 36.36 -94.65 77 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4412680 43 36.36 -94.65 107 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6013\nA22 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n681 43 36.36 -94.65 207 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 12175\n682 43 36.36 -94.65 85 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 3098683 43 36.36 -94.65 94 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 3415684 43 36.36 -94.65 61 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2218688 43 36.36 -94.65 44 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2931689 43 36.36 -94.65 61 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1882690 43 36.36 -94.65 41 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2391691 43 36.36 -94.65 68 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 5053692 43 36.36 -94.65 40 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2095693 43 36.36 -94.65 60 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 5851694 43 36.36 -94.65 99 Taloka 0.01 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 22328695 43 36.36 -94.65 150 Newtonia 0.01 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 23486700 44 36.3 -94.68 62 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3952701 44 36.3 -94.68 48 Britwater 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2949702 44 36.3 -94.68 63 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3530703 44 36.3 -94.68 17 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 603704 44 36.3 -94.68 18 Taloka 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 981705 44 36.3 -94.68 20 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 712710 44 36.3 -94.68 13 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1185711 44 36.3 -94.68 16 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 656712 44 36.3 -94.68 21 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2495713 44 36.3 -94.68 20 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 1518714 44 36.3 -94.68 33 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 2994715 44 36.3 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 863716 44 36.3 -94.68 8 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1232717 44 36.3 -94.68 3 Macedonia 0.08 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 396721 45 36.28 -94.67 177 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9127722 45 36.28 -94.67 100 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5410723 45 36.28 -94.67 92 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5412724 45 36.28 -94.67 75 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2734725 45 36.28 -94.67 59 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2201730 45 36.28 -94.67 40 Clarksville 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 3819731 45 36.28 -94.67 158 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 12903732 45 36.28 -94.67 83 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 8034733 45 36.28 -94.67 10 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1774734 45 36.28 -94.67 16 Doniphan 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2461735 45 36.28 -94.67 31 Macedonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 5194741 46 36.29 -94.61 269 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 15615742 46 36.29 -94.61 277 Captina 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 17414743 46 36.29 -94.61 469 Taloka 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 27534744 46 36.29 -94.61 36 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1303745 46 36.29 -94.61 75 Captina 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2825746 46 36.29 -94.61 30 Tonti 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1102747 46 36.29 -94.61 37 Taloka 0.03 60.98 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1345752 46 36.29 -94.61 101 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 8390753 46 36.29 -94.61 184 Captina 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 20349754 46 36.29 -94.61 82 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 w N rep 5196755 46 36.29 -94.61 41 Captina 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 8233756 46 36.29 -94.61 31 Taloka 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 8881757 47 36.39 -94.84 45 Razort 0.09 24.39 WPAS 6 5752758 47 36.39 -94.84 159 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 6 19232759 47 36.39 -94.84 51 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 6 5664760 47 36.39 -94.84 30 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 3.23076 3558761 47 36.39 -94.84 18 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 733762 47 36.39 -94.84 6 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 259766 47 36.39 -94.84 26 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAY 6 7900\nA23 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n767 47 36.39 -94.84 129 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 6 36775\n768 47 36.39 -94.84 57 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 6 15713773 48 36.4 -94.79 48 Razort 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3464774 48 36.4 -94.79 247 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 14503775 48 36.4 -94.79 51 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2872776 48 36.4 -94.79 23 Razort 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1277777 48 36.4 -94.79 82 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 3047778 48 36.4 -94.79 56 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2032781 48 36.4 -94.79 45 Razort 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 3664782 48 36.4 -94.79 176 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 10659783 48 36.4 -94.79 54 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 1263784 48 36.4 -94.79 38 Britwater 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 2946785 48 36.4 -94.79 18 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 3248786 48 36.4 -94.79 11 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1815790 49 36.37 -94.73 418 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 24899791 49 36.37 -94.73 151 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8525792 49 36.37 -94.73 230 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 12748793 49 36.37 -94.73 82 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2997794 49 36.37 -94.73 51 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1865795 49 36.37 -94.73 45 Taloka 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2737796 49 36.37 -94.73 41 Doniphan 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1505797 49 36.37 -94.73 80 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2916800 49 36.37 -94.73 270 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 18956801 49 36.37 -94.73 117 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 3227802 49 36.37 -94.73 217 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 17008803 49 36.37 -94.73 28 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 4957804 49 36.37 -94.73 12 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1636805 49 36.37 -94.73 12 Taloka 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2520806 49 36.37 -94.73 11 Doniphan 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1687807 49 36.37 -94.73 17 Macedonia 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 2743808 50 36.27 -94.81 159 Razort 0.09 24.39 WPAS 6 19771809 50 36.27 -94.81 489 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 6 56799810 50 36.27 -94.81 167 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 3.4 w/o N rep 17900811 50 36.27 -94.81 192 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 2.58461 15515812 50 36.27 -94.81 100 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 3896813 50 36.27 -94.81 86 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 3358817 50 36.27 -94.81 118 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAY 6 36237818 50 36.27 -94.81 300 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 6 86928819 50 36.27 -94.81 146 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 6 40738820 50 36.27 -94.81 107 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 HAY 6 30838821 50 36.27 -94.81 15 Razort 0.09 24.39 WWHT 1.95 4998822 50 36.27 -94.81 64 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 1.95 14745823 50 36.27 -94.81 33 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 1.95 6185828 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.06 15.24 WPAS 6 163829 51 36.35 -94.75 0 Clarksville 0.06 15.24 WPAS 6 33830 51 36.35 -94.75 0 Razort 0.06 15.24 OPAS 3.23076 45831 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Elsah 0.06 15.24 OPAS 2.58461 51834 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.06 15.24 HAY 6 333835 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.01 15.24 WWHT 1.95 498836 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Britwater 0.01 15.24 WWHT 1.95 179837 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Elsah 0.01 15.24 WWHT 1.95 428845 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 6 250846 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 6 313847 52 36.32 -94.68 6 Britwater 0.10 24.39 WPAS 6 738848 52 36.32 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 OPAS 3.23076 346849 52 36.32 -94.68 6 Britwater 0.10 24.39 OPAS 3.23076 638\nA24 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n854 52 36.32 -94.68 1 Razort 0.10 24.39 HAY 6 368\n855 52 36.32 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 6 1494856 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Britwater 0.10 24.39 HAY 6 532857 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Doniphan 0.10 24.39 HAY 6 547858 52 36.32 -94.68 1 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 1.95 193864 53 36.35 -94.57 25 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1345865 53 36.35 -94.57 45 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2631866 53 36.35 -94.57 18 Waben 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1152867 53 36.35 -94.57 48 Peridge 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2940868 53 36.35 -94.57 8 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 294869 53 36.35 -94.57 4 Britwater 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 132870 53 36.35 -94.57 6 Waben 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 224871 53 36.35 -94.57 7 Peridge 0.07 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 240875 53 36.35 -94.57 18 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 335876 53 36.35 -94.57 12 Britwater 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 890877 53 36.35 -94.57 6 Waben 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 w/o N rep 144878 53 36.35 -94.57 10 Peridge 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 960879 53 36.35 -94.57 7 Clarksville 0.12 24.39 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1035880 53 36.35 -94.57 8 Nixa 0.12 24.39 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 1033883 54 36.42 -94.62 25 Razort 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1804884 54 36.42 -94.62 31 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1795885 54 36.42 -94.62 23 Britwater 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1331886 54 36.42 -94.62 93 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5303887 54 36.42 -94.62 45 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1628892 54 36.42 -94.62 15 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 911893 54 36.42 -94.62 88 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 w N rep 8789894 54 36.42 -94.62 6 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 w N rep 1229898 55 36.27 -94.74 520 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 6 70722899 55 36.27 -94.74 347 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 6 43780900 55 36.27 -94.74 586 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 WPAS 6 79340901 55 36.27 -94.74 133 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1.07692 w/o N rep 5770902 55 36.27 -94.74 499 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 21257907 55 36.27 -94.74 348 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 6 107200908 55 36.27 -94.74 228 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 6 67175909 55 36.27 -94.74 808 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 HAY 6 246500910 55 36.27 -94.74 24 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 4747911 55 36.27 -94.74 31 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 6939912 55 36.27 -94.74 40 Britwater 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 10164913 55 36.27 -94.74 79 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1.95 15815918 56 36.38 -94.44 1 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 29919 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Britwater 0.08 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 24923 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 HAY 0 w/o N rep 4924 56 36.38 -94.44 1 Britwater 0.08 60.98 HAY 0 w/o N rep 8925 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Water 0.08 60.98 HAY 0 w/o N rep -7926 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Elsah 0.09 60.98 WWHT 1.95 86927 57 36.39 -94.94 48 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 5090928 57 36.39 -94.94 114 Britwater 0.09 18.29 WPAS 3.4 w/o N rep 12111929 57 36.39 -94.94 4 Razort 0.09 18.29 OPAS 3.23076 447930 57 36.39 -94.94 4 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 OPAS 1.07692 w/o N rep 179931 57 36.39 -94.94 27 Britwater 0.09 18.29 OPAS 0.53846 w/o N rep 1385934 57 36.39 -94.94 28 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 HAY 6 7393935 57 36.39 -94.94 74 Britwater 0.09 18.29 HAY 6 19918936 57 36.39 -94.94 23 Healing 0.09 18.29 HAY 6 6411938 58 36.35 -94.85 0 Razort 0.15 18.29 WPAS 6 36939 58 36.35 -94.85 1 Clarksville 0.15 18.29 WPAS 6 91940 58 36.35 -94.85 0 Britwater 0.15 18.29 WPAS 6 59\nA25 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n943 59 36.36 -94.86 2 Razort 0.17 18.29 WPAS 6 257\n944 59 36.36 -94.86 4 Clarksville 0.17 18.29 WPAS 6 506948 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Razort 0.10 18.29 WPAS 6 257949 60 36.37 -94.81 7 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 6 859950 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 6 213951 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Britwater 0.10 18.29 WPAS 6 274952 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 OPAS 2.58461 138953 60 36.37 -94.81 0 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 17954 60 36.37 -94.81 0 Water 0.10 18.29 OPAS 0 w/o N rep -13956 60 36.37 -94.81 6 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 HAY 6 1870957 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 HAY 6 479961 61 36.35 -94.79 5 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 6 621962 61 36.35 -94.79 1 Elsah 0.06 24.39 WPAS 6 132963 61 36.35 -94.79 3 Healing 0.06 24.39 WPAS 6 335966 61 36.35 -94.79 2 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 6 662967 61 36.35 -94.79 2 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 HAY 6 474968 62 36.33 -94.8 80 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 6 9549969 62 36.33 -94.8 99 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 6 10893970 62 36.33 -94.8 47 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 6 5644971 62 36.33 -94.8 19 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 3.23076 2204972 62 36.33 -94.8 35 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 2.58461 1485973 62 36.33 -94.8 45 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1.83076 w/o N rep 1819974 62 36.33 -94.8 18 Jay 0.05 36.58 OPAS 3.23076 2145978 62 36.33 -94.8 50 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 6 14459979 62 36.33 -94.8 113 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 6 31597980 62 36.33 -94.8 99 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAY 6 28715981 62 36.33 -94.8 5 Clarksville 0.03 36.58 WWHT 1.95 1119982 62 36.33 -94.8 10 Clarksville 0.03 36.58 WWHT 1.95 2005983 62 36.33 -94.8 13 Doniphan 0.03 36.58 WWHT 1.95 2517984 62 36.33 -94.8 17 Jay 0.03 36.58 WWHT 1.95 3879985 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Razort 0.08 18.29 WPAS 6 580986 63 36.32 -94.89 6 Clarksville 0.08 18.29 WPAS 6 684987 63 36.32 -94.89 3 Britwater 0.08 18.29 WPAS 6 342990 63 36.32 -94.89 4 Razort 0.08 18.29 HAY 6 1109991 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Clarksville 0.08 18.29 HAY 6 1451992 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Britwater 0.08 18.29 HAY 6 1337995 64 36.37 -94.91 7 Razort 0.11 36.58 WPAS 6 800996 64 36.37 -94.91 16 Clarksville 0.11 36.58 WPAS 6 1711997 64 36.37 -94.91 17 Britwater 0.11 36.58 WPAS 6 1871\n1000 64 36.37 -94.91 6 Razort 0.11 36.58 HAY 6 16481001 64 36.37 -94.91 9 Clarksville 0.11 36.58 HAY 6 24571002 64 36.37 -94.91 5 Britwater 0.11 36.58 HAY 6 14801003 64 36.37 -94.91 2 Water 0.11 36.58 HAY 0 w/o N rep -861007 66 36.36 -95.02 19 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 19381008 66 36.36 -95.02 26 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 3.4 w/o N rep 26681009 66 36.36 -95.02 35 Nixa 0.07 18.29 WPAS 4 w N rep 33881010 66 36.36 -95.02 10 Parsons 0.07 18.29 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 10401013 66 36.36 -95.02 8 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 6 19361014 66 36.36 -95.02 11 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 6 26321015 66 36.36 -95.02 7 Nixa 0.07 18.29 HAY 6 15731016 67 36.37 -94.98 4 Razort 0.13 15.24 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 4391017 67 36.37 -94.98 28 Clarksville 0.13 15.24 WPAS 3 w/o N rep 29121021 68 36.33 -94.61 278 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 156851022 68 36.33 -94.61 216 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 116641023 68 36.33 -94.61 198 Captina 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 124211024 68 36.33 -94.61 198 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9868\nA26 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude at \nthe center \nof sub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil TypeSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate \n(tons)With (w N rep) \nor without (w/o \nN rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice\n1025 68 36.33 -94.61 39 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1429\n1026 68 36.33 -94.61 33 Captina 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 11891027 68 36.33 -94.61 29 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 10461028 68 36.33 -94.61 23 Tonti 0.05 36.58 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 8371032 68 36.33 -94.61 102 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 53891033 68 36.33 -94.61 136 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 21751034 68 36.33 -94.61 76 Captina 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 69761035 68 36.33 -94.61 73 Tonti 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 w N rep 38071036 68 36.33 -94.61 13 Clarksville 0.04 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 19701037 68 36.33 -94.61 24 Captina 0.04 36.58 WWHT 0 w/o N rep 44811038 68 36.33 -94.61 33 Tonti 0.04 36.59 WWHT 0 w N rep 90281039 69 36.35 -95.01 13 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6861040 69 36.35 -95.01 8 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4721041 69 36.35 -95.01 16 Britwater 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9311042 69 36.35 -95.01 25 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 15451043 69 36.35 -95.01 7 Captina 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 2631044 69 36.35 -95.01 4 Nixa 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1611045 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Peridge 0.06 24.39 OPAS 0 w/o N rep 1321048 69 36.35 -95.01 7 Captina 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 6951049 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Britwater 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 2011050 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Nixa 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 261051 69 36.35 -95.01 2 Healing 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 2281052 69 36.35 -95.01 4 Peridge 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 w N rep 406\nA27 Table A.2.6. Spatial Detail for the Optimal Solution for Policy 3.\nHRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n5 1 36.44 -94.67 53 Razort 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3811\n6 1 36.44 -94.67 123 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 70257 1 36.44 -94.67 49 Captina 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 29278 1 36.44 -94.67 44 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 22739 1 36.44 -94.67 56 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3219\n10 1 36.44 -94.67 38 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 208711 1 36.44 -94.67 37 Captina 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 217912 1 36.44 -94.67 23 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 121213 1 36.44 -94.67 28 Macedonia 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 146217 1 36.44 -94.67 52 Razort 0.07 60.98 HAST 4 w N rep 707618 1 36.44 -94.67 117 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1324719 1 36.44 -94.67 47 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 483620 1 36.44 -94.67 51 Captina 0.07 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 638121 1 36.44 -94.67 45 Taloka 0.07 60.98 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 537222 1 36.44 -94.67 54 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 627623 1 36.44 -94.67 3 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 28324 1 36.44 -94.67 12 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w N rep 165025 1 36.44 -94.67 5 Taloka 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 67630 2 36.43 -94.7 290 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1682031 2 36.43 -94.7 158 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 952232 2 36.43 -94.7 186 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 973833 2 36.43 -94.7 184 Taloka 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 952834 2 36.43 -94.7 159 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 921335 2 36.43 -94.7 136 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 821136 2 36.43 -94.7 91 Taloka 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 589237 2 36.43 -94.7 154 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 808338 2 36.43 -94.7 112 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 586843 2 36.43 -94.7 343 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 4035944 2 36.43 -94.7 314 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 4100845 2 36.43 -94.7 373 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 4515446 2 36.43 -94.7 38 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 454347 2 36.43 -94.7 58 Captina 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 781148 2 36.43 -94.7 75 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 911649 2 36.43 -94.7 39 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 472856 3 36.42 -94.67 186 Captina 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1100757 3 36.42 -94.67 366 Jay 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2186158 3 36.42 -94.67 256 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1430759 3 36.42 -94.67 324 Nixa 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1572860 3 36.42 -94.67 176 Peridge 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1034161 3 36.42 -94.67 48 Captina 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 287662 3 36.42 -94.67 61 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 338863 3 36.42 -94.67 88 Nixa 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 426864 3 36.42 -94.67 44 Peridge 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 259967 3 36.42 -94.67 166 Captina 0.02 91.46 HAST 4 w alum; 1941968 3 36.42 -94.67 116 Jay 0.02 91.46 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 1296669 3 36.42 -94.67 226 Nixa 0.02 91.46 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 1621970 3 36.42 -94.67 88 Peridge 0.02 91.46 HAST 4 w alum; 1036271 3 36.42 -94.67 28 Captina 0.02 91.46 HAST 4 w alum; 330972 3 36.42 -94.67 23 Jay 0.02 91.46 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 261173 3 36.42 -94.67 28 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 HAST 4 w N rep 333074 3 36.42 -94.67 15 Tonti 0.02 91.46 HAST 4.8 w alum; 158382 4 36.4 -94.57 292 Taloka 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1444583 4 36.4 -94.57 377 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2100284 4 36.4 -94.57 174 Nixa 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8494\nA28 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n85 4 36.4 -94.57 46 Captina 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2775\n86 4 36.4 -94.57 30 Jay 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 182987 4 36.4 -94.57 56 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 314688 4 36.4 -94.57 34 Nixa 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 161791 4 36.4 -94.57 144 Captina 0.02 121.95 HAST 4 w alum; 1683192 4 36.4 -94.57 130 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 HAST 4 w N rep 1552493 4 36.4 -94.57 151 Nixa 0.02 121.95 HAST 4 w alum; 1092494 4 36.4 -94.57 84 Tonti 0.02 121.95 HAST 6 w alum; 919195 4 36.4 -94.57 13 Captina 0.02 121.95 HAST 4 w alum; 152796 4 36.4 -94.57 15 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 HAST 4 w N rep 178097 4 36.4 -94.57 13 Nixa 0.02 121.95 HAST 4 w alum; 94598 4 36.4 -94.57 22 Peridge 0.02 121.95 HAST 4 w alum; 2579\n101 5 36.41 -94.63 0 Britwater 0.03 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 10102 5 36.41 -94.63 0 Razort 0.03 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6105 5 36.41 -94.63 1 Razort 0.04 36.58 HAST 0 w/o N rep 66112 6 36.38 -94.61 227 Taloka 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 11624113 6 36.38 -94.61 345 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 19592114 6 36.38 -94.61 30 Taloka 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1528115 6 36.38 -94.61 125 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7123119 6 36.38 -94.61 59 Taloka 0.01 121.95 HAST 4 w alum; 6303120 6 36.38 -94.61 142 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 HAST 4 w N rep 16680121 6 36.38 -94.61 69 Taloka 0.01 121.95 HAST 4 w alum; 7444122 6 36.38 -94.61 63 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 HAST 4 w N rep 7438126 7 36.4 -94.31 299 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 17238127 7 36.4 -94.31 155 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7524128 7 36.4 -94.31 199 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 12583129 7 36.4 -94.31 103 Noark 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5923130 7 36.4 -94.31 55 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3193131 7 36.4 -94.31 18 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 882132 7 36.4 -94.31 21 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1348137 7 36.4 -94.31 143 Captina 0.03 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 18647138 7 36.4 -94.31 32 Nixa 0.03 91.46 HAST 4.8 w alum; 2618139 7 36.4 -94.31 73 Tonti 0.03 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 8991140 7 36.4 -94.31 21 Captina 0.02 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 2796141 7 36.4 -94.31 7 Nixa 0.02 91.46 HAST 4.8 w alum; 597142 7 36.4 -94.31 13 Tonti 0.02 91.46 HAST 6 1580146 8 36.37 -94.33 184 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 10756147 8 36.37 -94.33 131 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6329148 8 36.37 -94.33 230 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 14765149 8 36.37 -94.33 65 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3798150 8 36.37 -94.33 24 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1140151 8 36.37 -94.33 32 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2035157 8 36.37 -94.33 58 Captina 0.03 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 7860158 8 36.37 -94.33 41 Nixa 0.03 91.46 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3508159 8 36.37 -94.33 69 Tonti 0.03 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 8608160 8 36.37 -94.33 39 Captina 0.02 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 5271161 8 36.37 -94.33 9 Taloka 0.02 91.46 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1091162 8 36.37 -94.33 21 Tonti 0.02 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 2608166 9 36.4 -94.37 728 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 36720167 9 36.4 -94.37 226 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 15091168 9 36.4 -94.37 231 Noark 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 13755169 9 36.4 -94.37 61 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3592170 9 36.4 -94.37 149 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7510171 9 36.4 -94.37 82 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 5476\nA29 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n175 9 36.4 -94.37 128 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 15915\n176 9 36.4 -94.37 407 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 35490177 9 36.4 -94.37 201 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 25398178 9 36.4 -94.37 26 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3319179 9 36.4 -94.37 60 Nixa 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 5308180 9 36.4 -94.37 12 Tonti 0.04 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 1545184 10 36.37 -94.41 63 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3410185 10 36.37 -94.41 123 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6192186 10 36.37 -94.41 77 Secesh 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 4418187 10 36.37 -94.41 57 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3810188 10 36.37 -94.41 11 Britwater 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w alum; w/o N rep 633189 10 36.37 -94.41 33 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1646190 10 36.37 -94.41 9 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 630191 10 36.37 -94.41 17 Peridge 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1007195 10 36.37 -94.41 47 Britwater 0.06 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 5576196 10 36.37 -94.41 98 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 8436197 10 36.37 -94.41 48 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 5982198 10 36.37 -94.41 5 Britwater 0.06 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 553199 10 36.37 -94.41 10 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 834200 10 36.37 -94.41 5 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 607203 11 36.4 -94.99 19 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1324204 11 36.4 -94.99 35 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1887205 11 36.4 -94.99 24 Water 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -938206 11 36.4 -94.99 3 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 201207 11 36.4 -94.99 20 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1084209 11 36.4 -94.99 11 Razort 0.10 24.39 HAST 3.4 w/o N rep 1429210 11 36.4 -94.99 25 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 2711219 13 36.41 -94.66 255 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 18109220 13 36.41 -94.66 325 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 18430221 13 36.41 -94.66 164 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9016222 13 36.41 -94.66 152 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8487223 13 36.41 -94.66 71 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5044224 13 36.41 -94.66 50 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2826225 13 36.41 -94.66 62 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3420226 13 36.41 -94.66 59 Doniphan 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3068227 13 36.41 -94.66 96 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5351232 13 36.41 -94.66 114 Razort 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w N rep 16473233 13 36.41 -94.66 148 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 18119234 13 36.41 -94.66 109 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 12426235 13 36.41 -94.66 112 Doniphan 0.05 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 14053236 13 36.41 -94.66 119 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 16024237 13 36.41 -94.66 27 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3354238 13 36.41 -94.66 22 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 2519239 13 36.41 -94.66 26 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3332240 13 36.41 -94.66 62 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 8582241 13 36.41 -94.66 25 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3154246 14 36.37 -94.66 40 Clarksville 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2326247 14 36.37 -94.66 95 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5028248 14 36.37 -94.66 51 Jay 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3190249 14 36.37 -94.66 74 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4270250 14 36.37 -94.66 33 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1699251 14 36.37 -94.66 42 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2242252 14 36.37 -94.66 71 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4062257 14 36.37 -94.66 70 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 HAST 4.8 w alum; 8789\nA30 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n258 14 36.37 -94.66 67 Jay 0.03 91.46 HAST 4 w alum; 8657\n259 14 36.37 -94.66 115 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 HAST 4.8 15900260 14 36.37 -94.66 14 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1751261 14 36.37 -94.66 48 Macedonia 0.02 91.46 HAST 4.8 w alum; 6123262 14 36.37 -94.66 19 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 HAST 4.8 2675267 15 34.4 -94.44 110 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5562268 15 34.4 -94.44 183 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 12098269 15 34.4 -94.44 132 Noark 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7945270 15 34.4 -94.44 48 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2917271 15 34.4 -94.44 22 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1119272 15 34.4 -94.44 73 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 4849276 15 34.4 -94.44 57 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 7054277 15 34.4 -94.44 85 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 7029278 15 34.4 -94.44 138 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 16570279 15 34.4 -94.44 35 Noark 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 3431280 15 34.4 -94.44 14 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 1770281 15 34.4 -94.44 11 Nixa 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 934282 15 34.4 -94.44 13 Tonti 0.04 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 1590283 15 34.4 -94.44 13 Peridge 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 1676287 16 36.35 -94.44 195 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 10561288 16 36.35 -94.44 317 Nixa 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 15837289 16 36.35 -94.44 271 Peridge 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 15296290 16 36.35 -94.44 53 Nixa 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2659291 16 36.35 -94.44 80 Peridge 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4573295 16 36.35 -94.44 41 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 4402296 16 36.35 -94.44 37 Captina 0.07 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 4412297 16 36.35 -94.44 102 Nixa 0.07 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 8908298 16 36.35 -94.44 31 Peridge 0.07 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3798299 16 36.35 -94.44 12 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 1480300 16 36.35 -94.44 14 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 HAST 4.8 1809301 16 36.35 -94.44 15 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 1295302 16 36.35 -94.44 42 Peridge 0.05 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 5377306 17 36.41 -94.48 50 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2686307 17 36.41 -94.48 59 Captina 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3540308 17 36.41 -94.48 109 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5524309 17 36.41 -94.48 105 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 6885310 17 36.41 -94.48 51 Noark 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3079311 17 36.41 -94.48 12 Captina 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 710312 17 36.41 -94.48 22 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1090313 17 36.41 -94.48 37 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2406314 17 36.41 -94.48 18 Noark 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1087319 17 36.41 -94.48 51 Captina 0.06 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 6146320 17 36.41 -94.48 49 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 3922321 17 36.41 -94.48 70 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 8076322 17 36.41 -94.48 4 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 500323 17 36.41 -94.48 12 Nixa 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 981324 17 36.41 -94.48 8 Tonti 0.04 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 926327 18 36.39 -94.47 65 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3457328 18 36.39 -94.47 83 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4920329 18 36.39 -94.47 89 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4527330 18 36.39 -94.47 53 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3543331 18 36.39 -94.47 51 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3015332 18 36.39 -94.47 23 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1152333 18 36.39 -94.47 38 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2550\nA31 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n337 18 36.39 -94.47 89 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 10869\n338 18 36.39 -94.47 53 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 4370339 18 36.39 -94.47 65 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 7799340 18 36.39 -94.47 10 Captina 0.03 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 1222341 18 36.39 -94.47 6 Nixa 0.03 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 539342 18 36.39 -94.47 10 Tonti 0.03 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 1171346 19 36.35 -94.92 34 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1976347 19 36.35 -94.92 19 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1079348 19 36.35 -94.92 12 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 660349 19 36.35 -94.92 27 Tonti 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1610350 19 36.35 -94.92 22 Tonti 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1282354 19 36.35 -94.92 7 Razort 0.06 24.39 HAST 3.4 w/o N rep 1062355 19 36.35 -94.92 11 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 1327356 19 36.35 -94.92 10 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 1131357 19 36.35 -94.92 9 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 1026358 19 36.35 -94.92 21 Tonti 0.06 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 2377361 20 36.36 -94.89 26 Razort 0.16 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1823362 20 36.36 -94.89 122 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6825363 20 36.36 -94.89 6 Razort 0.16 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 455364 20 36.36 -94.89 36 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2033367 20 36.36 -94.89 14 Razort 0.16 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 2012368 20 36.36 -94.89 92 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 11006369 21 36.41 -94.51 222 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 13358370 21 36.41 -94.51 152 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7827371 21 36.41 -94.51 105 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 6909372 21 36.41 -94.51 59 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3551373 21 36.41 -94.51 48 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2483376 21 36.41 -94.51 139 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 16675377 21 36.41 -94.51 104 Nixa 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 8514378 21 36.41 -94.51 45 Tonti 0.04 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 5250379 21 36.41 -94.51 7 Captina 0.03 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 874380 21 36.41 -94.51 6 Nixa 0.03 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 457381 21 36.41 -94.51 2 Tonti 0.03 60.98 HAST 6 272382 21 36.41 -94.51 4 Peridge 0.03 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 432386 22 36.37 -94.51 202 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 10628387 22 36.37 -94.51 172 Captina 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 10005388 22 36.37 -94.51 201 Nixa 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 10113389 22 36.37 -94.51 51 Captina 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2989390 22 36.37 -94.51 18 Nixa 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 920391 22 36.37 -94.51 18 Tonti 0.06 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1198392 22 36.37 -94.51 14 Peridge 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 821395 22 36.37 -94.51 21 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 2252396 22 36.37 -94.51 62 Captina 0.06 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 7445397 22 36.37 -94.51 35 Nixa 0.06 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 3024398 22 36.37 -94.51 29 Tonti 0.06 36.58 HAST 6 w alum; 3468399 22 36.37 -94.51 25 Captina 0.05 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 3109400 22 36.37 -94.51 7 Nixa 0.05 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 577401 22 36.37 -94.51 9 Tonti 0.05 36.58 HAST 6 w alum; 1059405 23 36.36 -94.55 13 Captina 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 780406 23 36.36 -94.55 7 Nixa 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 339407 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Healing 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 328408 23 36.36 -94.55 7 Peridge 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 396409 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Captina 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 326410 23 36.36 -94.55 10 Peridge 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 575\nA32 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n413 23 36.36 -94.55 2 Captina 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 252\n414 23 36.36 -94.55 3 Britwater 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 299415 23 36.36 -94.55 4 Nixa 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 301416 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Peridge 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 632421 24 36.34 -94.49 171 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 9226422 24 36.34 -94.49 126 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7499423 24 36.34 -94.49 480 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 24150424 24 36.34 -94.49 234 Peridge 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 13787425 24 36.34 -94.49 46 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2753426 24 36.34 -94.49 78 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3930427 24 36.34 -94.49 28 Secesh 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1622428 24 36.34 -94.49 28 Peridge 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1639431 24 36.34 -94.49 52 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 5512432 24 36.34 -94.49 62 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 7449433 24 36.34 -94.49 190 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 15745434 24 36.34 -94.49 59 Peridge 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 7089435 24 36.34 -94.49 52 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 6349436 24 36.34 -94.49 33 Nixa 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 2730437 24 36.34 -94.49 31 Peridge 0.04 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 3820441 25 36.37 -94.87 13 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 724442 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 125443 25 36.37 -94.87 4 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -168445 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 273446 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Water 0.11 24.39 HAST 0 w/o N rep -60453 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Clarksville 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 104454 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Britwater 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 58455 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Water 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -76458 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Clarksville 0.13 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 275459 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Britwater 0.13 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 142460 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Elsah 0.13 36.58 HAST 4.8 136463 28 36.36 -94.79 3 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 197464 28 36.36 -94.79 1 Elsah 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 77468 28 36.36 -94.79 8 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1062471 29 36.34 -94.36 111 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 6030472 29 36.34 -94.36 384 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 18309473 29 36.34 -94.36 166 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 10511474 29 36.34 -94.36 12 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 655475 29 36.34 -94.36 68 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3279478 29 36.34 -94.36 37 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 4147479 29 36.34 -94.36 144 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 12496480 29 36.34 -94.36 53 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 6637481 29 36.34 -94.36 4 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 454482 29 36.34 -94.36 28 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 2390486 30 36.33 -94.39 110 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 6191487 30 36.33 -94.39 274 Nixa 0.08 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 13739488 30 36.33 -94.39 4 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 225489 30 36.33 -94.39 4 Captina 0.08 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 241490 30 36.33 -94.39 9 Nixa 0.08 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 465494 30 36.33 -94.39 9 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1043495 30 36.33 -94.39 42 Nixa 0.08 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 4021496 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Razort 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 365497 31 36.36 -94.78 9 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 554498 31 36.36 -94.78 4 Elsah 0.05 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 264499 31 36.36 -94.78 11 Healing 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 799\nA33 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n500 31 36.36 -94.78 7 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 401\n501 31 36.36 -94.78 2 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 138504 31 36.36 -94.78 3 Razort 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 391505 31 36.36 -94.78 7 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 827506 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Elsah 0.05 24.39 HAST 4.8 585507 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Healing 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 744511 32 36.35 -94.77 13 Razort 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 922512 32 36.35 -94.77 27 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1572513 32 36.35 -94.77 25 Healing 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1823514 32 36.35 -94.77 9 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 520515 32 36.35 -94.77 3 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 187516 32 36.35 -94.77 7 Britwater 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 415517 32 36.35 -94.77 4 Healing 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 293520 32 36.35 -94.77 5 Razort 0.05 18.29 HAST 4 w N rep 796521 32 36.35 -94.77 9 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1082522 32 36.35 -94.77 22 Healing 0.05 18.29 HAST 4 w N rep 3327523 32 36.35 -94.77 6 Razort 0.03 18.29 HAST 4 w N rep 939524 32 36.35 -94.77 2 Clarksville 0.03 18.29 HAST 4.8 241525 32 36.35 -94.77 4 Britwater 0.03 18.29 HAST 4.8 565532 33 36.35 -94.82 23 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1314533 33 36.35 -94.82 4 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 248534 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -188535 33 36.35 -94.82 9 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 517536 33 36.35 -94.82 3 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 193537 33 36.35 -94.82 2 Taloka 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 131538 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -186540 33 36.35 -94.82 19 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 2325541 33 36.35 -94.82 7 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 844542 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Britwater 0.11 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 665543 33 36.35 -94.82 6 Water 0.11 24.39 HAST 0 w/o N rep -231547 34 36.33 -94.86 22 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1282548 34 36.33 -94.86 25 Tonti 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1460550 34 36.33 -94.86 4 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 521551 34 36.33 -94.86 13 Tonti 0.10 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 1520557 35 36.32 -94.71 69 Razort 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4978558 35 36.32 -94.71 95 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 5604559 35 36.32 -94.71 73 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4187560 35 36.32 -94.71 44 Britwater 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2564561 35 36.32 -94.71 50 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2678562 35 36.32 -94.71 73 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4017563 35 36.32 -94.71 23 Razort 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1647564 35 36.32 -94.71 30 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1736565 35 36.32 -94.71 14 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 813566 35 36.32 -94.71 20 Britwater 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1166567 35 36.32 -94.71 19 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1000568 35 36.32 -94.71 19 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1061572 35 36.32 -94.71 41 Razort 0.07 18.29 HAST 4 w N rep 6460573 35 36.32 -94.71 87 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAST 4.8 w alum; 11909574 35 36.32 -94.71 46 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAST 4.8 w alum; 5818575 35 36.32 -94.71 38 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 HAST 4.8 5304576 35 36.32 -94.71 56 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 HAST 4.8 w alum; 7726577 35 36.32 -94.71 6 Razort 0.04 18.29 HAST 4 w N rep 990578 35 36.32 -94.71 15 Clarksville 0.04 18.29 HAST 4.8 2110579 35 36.32 -94.71 7 Clarksville 0.04 18.29 HAST 4.8 w alum; 936\nA34 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n580 35 36.32 -94.71 7 Britwater 0.04 18.29 HAST 6 w alum; 1079\n581 35 36.32 -94.71 5 Elsah 0.04 18.29 HAST 6 661585 36 36.34 -94.76 0 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 13586 36 36.34 -94.76 1 Elsah 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 49587 36 36.34 -94.76 5 Britwater 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 283588 36 36.34 -94.76 2 Elsah 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 123592 36 36.34 -94.76 3 Razort 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w N rep 398593 36 36.34 -94.76 2 Razort 0.02 60.98 HAST 4 w N rep 372594 36 36.34 -94.76 7 Britwater 0.02 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 903595 36 36.34 -94.76 6 Elsah 0.02 60.98 HAST 4.8 700599 37 36.36 -94.59 36 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1939600 37 36.36 -94.59 52 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3130601 37 36.36 -94.59 34 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2011602 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 193603 37 36.36 -94.59 11 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 632604 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Taloka 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 196605 37 36.36 -94.59 3 Nixa 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 177606 37 36.36 -94.59 6 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 342608 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 721609 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 753610 37 36.36 -94.59 17 Captina 0.06 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 2000611 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Nixa 0.06 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 592612 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 398613 37 36.36 -94.59 6 Captina 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 776614 37 36.36 -94.59 3 Nixa 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 205615 37 36.36 -94.59 2 Peridge 0.05 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 271619 38 36.32 -94.53 233 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 12426620 38 36.32 -94.53 454 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 26903621 38 36.32 -94.53 314 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 15821622 38 36.32 -94.53 342 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 22320623 38 36.32 -94.53 128 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 7605624 38 36.32 -94.53 45 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2251625 38 36.32 -94.53 60 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3933628 38 36.32 -94.53 61 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 6319629 38 36.32 -94.53 110 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 13198630 38 36.32 -94.53 123 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 10038631 38 36.32 -94.53 90 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 10482632 38 36.32 -94.53 80 Captina 0.03 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 9944633 38 36.32 -94.53 31 Nixa 0.03 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 2567634 38 36.32 -94.53 45 Tonti 0.03 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 5354635 38 36.32 -94.53 46 Peridge 0.03 60.98 HAST 4 w alum; 5704641 41 36.33 -94.65 22 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1253642 41 36.33 -94.65 16 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 913643 41 36.33 -94.65 97 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5561644 41 36.33 -94.65 7 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 422645 41 36.33 -94.65 5 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 310646 41 36.33 -94.65 3 Captina 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 175651 41 36.33 -94.65 24 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3335652 41 36.33 -94.65 14 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1806653 41 36.33 -94.65 18 Britwater 0.07 24.39 HAST 6 w alum; 2509654 42 36.3 -94.65 69 Razort 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4923655 42 36.3 -94.65 96 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 5557656 42 36.3 -94.65 47 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2621657 42 36.3 -94.65 53 Britwater 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3040\nA35 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n658 42 36.3 -94.65 50 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2651\n659 42 36.3 -94.65 56 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2942660 42 36.3 -94.65 10 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 569661 42 36.3 -94.65 28 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1478662 42 36.3 -94.65 23 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1233666 42 36.3 -94.65 35 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 4823667 42 36.3 -94.65 27 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3415668 42 36.3 -94.65 46 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 6305669 42 36.3 -94.65 40 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 5387670 42 36.3 -94.65 4 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 602671 42 36.3 -94.65 8 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1038672 42 36.3 -94.65 5 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 688673 42 36.3 -94.65 13 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1701678 43 36.36 -94.65 87 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 4911679 43 36.36 -94.65 77 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4307680 43 36.36 -94.65 107 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5642681 43 36.36 -94.65 207 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 11768682 43 36.36 -94.65 85 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4663683 43 36.36 -94.65 94 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4942684 43 36.36 -94.65 61 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3457688 43 36.36 -94.65 44 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 5657689 43 36.36 -94.65 61 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 7241690 43 36.36 -94.65 41 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 5378691 43 36.36 -94.65 68 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 8875692 43 36.36 -94.65 40 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 5167693 43 36.36 -94.65 60 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 8619694 43 36.36 -94.65 99 Taloka 0.01 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 13113695 43 36.36 -94.65 150 Newtonia 0.01 60.98 HAST 4.8 21930700 44 36.3 -94.68 62 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3797701 44 36.3 -94.68 48 Britwater 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2836702 44 36.3 -94.68 63 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3309703 44 36.3 -94.68 17 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1012704 44 36.3 -94.68 18 Taloka 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1178705 44 36.3 -94.68 20 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1036710 44 36.3 -94.68 13 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 1895711 44 36.3 -94.68 16 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 2058712 44 36.3 -94.68 21 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3139713 44 36.3 -94.68 20 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 2841714 44 36.3 -94.68 33 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 4681715 44 36.3 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 664716 44 36.3 -94.68 8 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1079717 44 36.3 -94.68 3 Macedonia 0.08 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 353721 45 36.28 -94.67 177 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 9597722 45 36.28 -94.67 100 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 5375723 45 36.28 -94.67 92 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 5277724 45 36.28 -94.67 75 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 4058725 45 36.28 -94.67 59 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 3184730 45 36.28 -94.67 40 Clarksville 0.03 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 6145731 45 36.28 -94.67 158 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 HAST 6 23853732 45 36.28 -94.67 83 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 12579733 45 36.28 -94.67 10 Captina 0.02 91.46 HAST 6 1570734 45 36.28 -94.67 16 Doniphan 0.02 91.46 HAST 6 2362735 45 36.28 -94.67 31 Macedonia 0.02 91.46 HAST 6 w alum; 4782741 46 36.29 -94.61 269 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 15840\nA36 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n742 46 36.29 -94.61 277 Captina 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 16795\n743 46 36.29 -94.61 469 Taloka 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1 w alum; w/o N rep 24279744 46 36.29 -94.61 36 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2101745 46 36.29 -94.61 75 Captina 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4522746 46 36.29 -94.61 30 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1738747 46 36.29 -94.61 37 Taloka 0.03 60.98 WPAS 1 w alum; w/o N rep 1938752 46 36.29 -94.61 101 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 13546753 46 36.29 -94.61 184 Captina 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 26592754 46 36.29 -94.61 82 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 10957755 46 36.29 -94.61 41 Captina 0.02 60.98 HAST 4.8 6052756 46 36.29 -94.61 31 Taloka 0.02 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 4343757 47 36.39 -94.84 45 Razort 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3236758 47 36.39 -94.84 159 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9245759 47 36.39 -94.84 51 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2861760 47 36.39 -94.84 30 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1751761 47 36.39 -94.84 18 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1019762 47 36.39 -94.84 6 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 341766 47 36.39 -94.84 26 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 3824767 47 36.39 -94.84 129 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 15652768 47 36.39 -94.84 57 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 6460773 48 36.4 -94.79 48 Razort 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3379774 48 36.4 -94.79 247 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 13968775 48 36.4 -94.79 51 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2799776 48 36.4 -94.79 23 Razort 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1626777 48 36.4 -94.79 82 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4622778 48 36.4 -94.79 56 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3055781 48 36.4 -94.79 45 Razort 0.11 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 5995782 48 36.4 -94.79 176 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 19368783 48 36.4 -94.79 54 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 5573784 48 36.4 -94.79 38 Britwater 0.11 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 4397785 48 36.4 -94.79 18 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 2021786 48 36.4 -94.79 11 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 1156790 49 36.37 -94.73 418 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 24146791 49 36.37 -94.73 151 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8323792 49 36.37 -94.73 230 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 11741793 49 36.37 -94.73 82 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4750794 49 36.37 -94.73 51 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2811795 49 36.37 -94.73 45 Taloka 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2835796 49 36.37 -94.73 41 Doniphan 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2140797 49 36.37 -94.73 80 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4111800 49 36.37 -94.73 270 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 32717801 49 36.37 -94.73 117 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 13186802 49 36.37 -94.73 217 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 26198803 49 36.37 -94.73 28 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3404804 49 36.37 -94.73 12 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 1378805 49 36.37 -94.73 12 Taloka 0.06 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 1669806 49 36.37 -94.73 11 Doniphan 0.06 36.58 HAST 4.8 1430807 49 36.37 -94.73 17 Macedonia 0.06 36.58 HAST 4.8 w alum; 2081808 50 36.27 -94.81 159 Razort 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 11371809 50 36.27 -94.81 489 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 28500810 50 36.27 -94.81 167 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 9505811 50 36.27 -94.81 192 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 11183812 50 36.27 -94.81 100 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5683813 50 36.27 -94.81 86 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4631\nA37 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n817 50 36.27 -94.81 118 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 17839\n818 50 36.27 -94.81 300 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 39075819 50 36.27 -94.81 146 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAST 4.8 17685820 50 36.27 -94.81 107 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 HAST 4.8 14005821 50 36.27 -94.81 15 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAST 4 w N rep 2286822 50 36.27 -94.81 64 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAST 4.8 8414823 50 36.27 -94.81 33 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAST 4.8 4005828 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.06 15.24 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 90829 51 36.35 -94.75 0 Clarksville 0.06 15.24 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 16830 51 36.35 -94.75 0 Razort 0.06 15.24 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 26831 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Elsah 0.06 15.24 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 53834 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.06 15.24 HAST 4 w N rep 161835 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.01 15.24 HAST 4 w N rep 217836 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Britwater 0.01 15.24 HAST 4.8 w alum; 87837 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Elsah 0.01 15.24 HAST 4.8 164845 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 133846 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 143847 52 36.32 -94.68 6 Britwater 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 322848 52 36.32 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 266849 52 36.32 -94.68 6 Britwater 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 320854 52 36.32 -94.68 1 Razort 0.10 24.39 HAST 4.8 184855 52 36.32 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 661856 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Britwater 0.10 24.39 HAST 6 w alum; 247857 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Doniphan 0.10 24.39 HAST 4.8 254858 52 36.32 -94.68 1 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAST 4.8 111864 53 36.35 -94.57 25 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 1334865 53 36.35 -94.57 45 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2491866 53 36.35 -94.57 18 Waben 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1139867 53 36.35 -94.57 48 Peridge 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2816868 53 36.35 -94.57 8 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 430869 53 36.35 -94.57 4 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 199870 53 36.35 -94.57 6 Waben 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 386871 53 36.35 -94.57 7 Peridge 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 386875 53 36.35 -94.57 18 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 1872876 53 36.35 -94.57 12 Britwater 0.07 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 1350877 53 36.35 -94.57 6 Waben 0.07 24.39 HAST 4.8 663878 53 36.35 -94.57 10 Peridge 0.07 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 1224879 53 36.35 -94.57 7 Clarksville 0.12 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 718880 53 36.35 -94.57 8 Nixa 0.12 24.39 HAST 4 w alum; 641883 54 36.42 -94.62 25 Razort 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1774884 54 36.42 -94.62 31 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1746885 54 36.42 -94.62 23 Britwater 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1285886 54 36.42 -94.62 93 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5162887 54 36.42 -94.62 45 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2482892 54 36.42 -94.62 15 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 HAST 4 w alum; 1576893 54 36.42 -94.62 88 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 HAST 4 w N rep 10448894 54 36.42 -94.62 6 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 HAST 4 w N rep 729898 55 36.27 -94.74 520 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 30551899 55 36.27 -94.74 347 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 18921900 55 36.27 -94.74 586 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 31266901 55 36.27 -94.74 133 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 7825902 55 36.27 -94.74 499 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 26630907 55 36.27 -94.74 348 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 50705908 55 36.27 -94.74 228 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 30600\nA38 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n909 55 36.27 -94.74 808 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 HAST 4.8 116400\n910 55 36.27 -94.74 24 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 w alum; 3197911 55 36.27 -94.74 31 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAST 4.8 4773912 55 36.27 -94.74 40 Britwater 0.04 60.98 HAST 6 w alum; 5941913 55 36.27 -94.74 79 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAST 6 11560918 56 36.38 -94.44 1 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 28919 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Britwater 0.08 60.98 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 23923 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 HAST 0 w/o N rep 3924 56 36.38 -94.44 1 Britwater 0.08 60.98 HAST 0 w/o N rep 1925 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Water 0.08 60.98 HAST 0 w/o N rep -7926 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Elsah 0.09 60.98 HAST 0 w/o N rep 3927 57 36.39 -94.94 48 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 2580928 57 36.39 -94.94 114 Britwater 0.09 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6539929 57 36.39 -94.94 4 Razort 0.09 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 268930 57 36.39 -94.94 4 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 210931 57 36.39 -94.94 27 Britwater 0.09 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1550934 57 36.39 -94.94 28 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 2964935 57 36.39 -94.94 74 Britwater 0.09 18.29 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 7831936 57 36.39 -94.94 23 Healing 0.09 18.29 HAST 3.4 w/o N rep 2857938 58 36.35 -94.85 0 Razort 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 21939 58 36.35 -94.85 1 Clarksville 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 44940 58 36.35 -94.85 0 Britwater 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 28943 59 36.36 -94.86 2 Razort 0.17 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 149944 59 36.36 -94.86 4 Clarksville 0.17 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 243948 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Razort 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 142949 60 36.37 -94.81 7 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 407950 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 107951 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Britwater 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 127952 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 114953 60 36.37 -94.81 0 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 23954 60 36.37 -94.81 0 Water 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep -15956 60 36.37 -94.81 6 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 HAST 4.8 w alum; 821957 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 HAST 4.8 w alum; 201961 61 36.35 -94.79 5 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 298962 61 36.35 -94.79 1 Elsah 0.06 24.39 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 62963 61 36.35 -94.79 3 Healing 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 186966 61 36.35 -94.79 2 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAST 4.8 w alum; 286967 61 36.35 -94.79 2 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 HAST 4.8 206968 62 36.33 -94.8 80 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4680969 62 36.33 -94.8 99 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5683970 62 36.33 -94.8 47 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2488971 62 36.33 -94.8 19 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1103972 62 36.33 -94.8 35 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1977973 62 36.33 -94.8 45 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2409974 62 36.33 -94.8 18 Jay 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 1156978 62 36.33 -94.8 50 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 6572979 62 36.33 -94.8 113 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 13714980 62 36.33 -94.8 99 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAST 4.8 13075981 62 36.33 -94.8 5 Clarksville 0.03 36.58 HAST 4.8 637982 62 36.33 -94.8 10 Clarksville 0.03 36.58 HAST 4.8 1224983 62 36.33 -94.8 13 Doniphan 0.03 36.58 HAST 4.8 1707984 62 36.33 -94.8 17 Jay 0.03 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 2277985 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Razort 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 341986 63 36.32 -94.89 6 Clarksville 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 349\nA39 HRU IDSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLitter \napplicatio\nn rate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) \nalum; With (w N \nrep) or without \n(w/o N rep) N \nreplacementHRU \nshadow \nprice ($)\n987 63 36.32 -94.89 3 Britwater 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 165\n990 63 36.32 -94.89 4 Razort 0.08 18.29 HAST 4 w N rep 544991 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Clarksville 0.08 18.29 HAST 4.8 646992 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Britwater 0.08 18.29 HAST 4.8 w alum; 599995 64 36.37 -94.91 7 Razort 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 498996 64 36.37 -94.91 16 Clarksville 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 880997 64 36.37 -94.91 17 Britwater 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 939\n1000 64 36.37 -94.91 6 Razort 0.11 36.58 HAST 4 w N rep 7811001 64 36.37 -94.91 9 Clarksville 0.11 36.58 HAST 4 w N rep 10261002 64 36.37 -94.91 5 Britwater 0.11 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 6151003 64 36.37 -94.91 2 Water 0.11 36.58 HAST 0 w/o N rep -861007 66 36.36 -95.02 19 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 10201008 66 36.36 -95.02 26 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 12861009 66 36.36 -95.02 35 Nixa 0.07 18.29 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 14861010 66 36.36 -95.02 10 Parsons 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 5791013 66 36.36 -95.02 8 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAST 3.4 w/o N rep 7871014 66 36.36 -95.02 11 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAST 3.4 w/o N rep 10141015 66 36.36 -95.02 7 Nixa 0.07 18.29 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 5111016 67 36.37 -94.98 4 Razort 0.13 15.24 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2931017 67 36.37 -94.98 28 Clarksville 0.13 15.24 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 15101021 68 36.33 -94.61 278 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 160251022 68 36.33 -94.61 216 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 113951023 68 36.33 -94.61 198 Captina 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 119111024 68 36.33 -94.61 198 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 104661025 68 36.33 -94.61 39 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 20631026 68 36.33 -94.61 33 Captina 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 19701027 68 36.33 -94.61 29 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 15191028 68 36.33 -94.61 23 Tonti 0.05 36.58 WPAS 1 w/o N rep 14921032 68 36.33 -94.61 102 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 110551033 68 36.33 -94.61 136 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 136321034 68 36.33 -94.61 76 Captina 0.05 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 88791035 68 36.33 -94.61 73 Tonti 0.05 36.58 HAST 6 w alum; 80931036 68 36.33 -94.61 13 Clarksville 0.04 36.58 HAST 4 w alum; 13011037 68 36.33 -94.61 24 Captina 0.04 36.58 HAST 4 w N rep 28511038 68 36.33 -94.61 33 Tonti 0.04 36.59 HAST 6 36791039 69 36.35 -95.01 13 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 6691040 69 36.35 -95.01 8 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 4551041 69 36.35 -95.01 16 Britwater 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 8921042 69 36.35 -95.01 25 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 14901043 69 36.35 -95.01 7 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 3951044 69 36.35 -95.01 4 Nixa 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2281045 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 w/o N rep 2061048 69 36.35 -95.01 7 Captina 0.06 24.39 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 8121049 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Britwater 0.06 24.39 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 2811050 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Nixa 0.06 24.39 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 1751051 69 36.35 -95.01 2 Healing 0.06 24.39 HAST 3.4 w/o N rep 2951052 69 36.35 -95.01 4 Peridge 0.06 24.39 HAST 3.4 w alum; w/o N rep 478\nA40 Table A.2.7. Spatial Detail for the Optimal Solution for Policy 4.\nHRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n5 1 36.44 -94.67 53 Razort 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3805\n6 1 36.44 -94.67 123 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 70097 1 36.44 -94.67 49 Captina 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 29148 1 36.44 -94.67 44 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 22709 1 36.44 -94.67 56 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3212\n10 1 36.44 -94.67 38 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 208311 1 36.44 -94.67 37 Captina 0.07 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 217012 1 36.44 -94.67 23 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 121013 1 36.44 -94.67 28 Macedonia 0.07 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 145417 1 36.44 -94.67 52 Razort 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 722718 1 36.44 -94.67 117 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 1371119 1 36.44 -94.67 47 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 502220 1 36.44 -94.67 51 Captina 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 652821 1 36.44 -94.67 45 Taloka 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 548022 1 36.44 -94.67 54 Doniphan 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 649323 1 36.44 -94.67 3 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 0.33 w/o N rep 36124 1 36.44 -94.67 12 Captina 0.05 60.98 WWHT 1 1.30 w N rep 168825 1 36.44 -94.67 5 Taloka 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 73330 2 36.43 -94.7 290 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1678831 2 36.43 -94.7 158 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 949332 2 36.43 -94.7 186 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 986933 2 36.43 -94.7 184 Taloka 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 944434 2 36.43 -94.7 159 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 919635 2 36.43 -94.7 136 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 818636 2 36.43 -94.7 91 Taloka 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 585337 2 36.43 -94.7 154 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 819238 2 36.43 -94.7 112 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 584443 2 36.43 -94.7 343 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 4173444 2 36.43 -94.7 314 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 4218445 2 36.43 -94.7 373 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 4667446 2 36.43 -94.7 38 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 0.33 w/o N rep 480647 2 36.43 -94.7 58 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 804348 2 36.43 -94.7 75 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 942249 2 36.43 -94.7 39 Taloka 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 487256 3 36.42 -94.67 186 Captina 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1097257 3 36.42 -94.67 366 Jay 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2174058 3 36.42 -94.67 256 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 1429759 3 36.42 -94.67 324 Nixa 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1565860 3 36.42 -94.67 176 Peridge 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1031061 3 36.42 -94.67 48 Captina 0.02 91.46 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 286762 3 36.42 -94.67 61 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 338863 3 36.42 -94.67 88 Nixa 0.02 91.46 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 425064 3 36.42 -94.67 44 Peridge 0.02 91.46 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 259267 3 36.42 -94.67 166 Captina 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1994668 3 36.42 -94.67 116 Jay 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 1326069 3 36.42 -94.67 226 Nixa 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1690870 3 36.42 -94.67 88 Peridge 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1064771 3 36.42 -94.67 28 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 448572 3 36.42 -94.67 23 Jay 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 348973 3 36.42 -94.67 28 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 516274 3 36.42 -94.67 15 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 560982 4 36.4 -94.57 292 Taloka 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 1443183 4 36.4 -94.57 377 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 2125384 4 36.4 -94.57 174 Nixa 0.02 121.95 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 845885 4 36.4 -94.57 46 Captina 0.02 121.95 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 276886 4 36.4 -94.57 30 Jay 0.02 121.95 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 182187 4 36.4 -94.57 56 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 3184\nA41 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n88 4 36.4 -94.57 34 Nixa 0.02 121.95 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1610\n91 4 36.4 -94.57 144 Captina 0.02 121.95 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 17294\n92 4 36.4 -94.57 130 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 1592293 4 36.4 -94.57 151 Nixa 0.02 121.95 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1141194 4 36.4 -94.57 84 Tonti 0.02 121.95 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 961995 4 36.4 -94.57 13 Captina 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 177996 4 36.4 -94.57 15 Newtonia 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 203697 4 36.4 -94.57 13 Nixa 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0 1.95 256098 4 36.4 -94.57 22 Peridge 0.02 121.95 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 3972\n101 5 36.41 -94.63 0 Britwater 0.03 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 10102 5 36.41 -94.63 0 Razort 0.03 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 6105 5 36.41 -94.63 1 Razort 0.04 36.58 WWHT 0 1.11 w alum; w/o N rep 297112 6 36.38 -94.61 227 Taloka 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 11553113 6 36.38 -94.61 345 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 19562114 6 36.38 -94.61 30 Taloka 0.01 121.95 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1519115 6 36.38 -94.61 125 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 7112119 6 36.38 -94.61 59 Taloka 0.01 121.95 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 6487120 6 36.38 -94.61 142 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 17121121 6 36.38 -94.61 69 Taloka 0.01 121.95 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 15643122 6 36.38 -94.61 63 Newtonia 0.01 121.95 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 10119126 7 36.4 -94.31 299 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 17326127 7 36.4 -94.31 155 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 7498128 7 36.4 -94.31 199 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 12673129 7 36.4 -94.31 103 Noark 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 5912130 7 36.4 -94.31 55 Captina 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 3207131 7 36.4 -94.31 18 Nixa 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 879132 7 36.4 -94.31 21 Tonti 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1358137 7 36.4 -94.31 143 Captina 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 19089138 7 36.4 -94.31 32 Nixa 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 2699139 7 36.4 -94.31 73 Tonti 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 9235140 7 36.4 -94.31 21 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 3668141 7 36.4 -94.31 7 Nixa 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 1.95 1530142 7 36.4 -94.31 13 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 4282146 8 36.37 -94.33 184 Captina 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 10835147 8 36.37 -94.33 131 Nixa 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 6307148 8 36.37 -94.33 230 Tonti 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 14866149 8 36.37 -94.33 65 Captina 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 3812150 8 36.37 -94.33 24 Nixa 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1136151 8 36.37 -94.33 32 Tonti 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 2049157 8 36.37 -94.33 58 Captina 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 8041158 8 36.37 -94.33 41 Nixa 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 3630159 8 36.37 -94.33 69 Tonti 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 8836160 8 36.37 -94.33 39 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 6459161 8 36.37 -94.33 9 Taloka 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 1785162 8 36.37 -94.33 21 Tonti 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 7032166 9 36.4 -94.37 728 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 36577167 9 36.4 -94.37 226 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 15246168 9 36.4 -94.37 231 Noark 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 13727169 9 36.4 -94.37 61 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3576170 9 36.4 -94.37 149 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 7482171 9 36.4 -94.37 82 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 5534175 9 36.4 -94.37 128 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 16376176 9 36.4 -94.37 407 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 36909177 9 36.4 -94.37 201 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 26408178 9 36.4 -94.37 26 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 4028179 9 36.4 -94.37 60 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 12981180 9 36.4 -94.37 12 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 4427184 10 36.37 -94.41 63 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 3432\nA42 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n185 10 36.37 -94.41 123 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 6166\n186 10 36.37 -94.41 77 Secesh 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 4440\n187 10 36.37 -94.41 57 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 3831\n188 10 36.37 -94.41 11 Britwater 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w alum; w/o N rep 636189 10 36.37 -94.41 33 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1640190 10 36.37 -94.41 9 Tonti 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 634191 10 36.37 -94.41 17 Peridge 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1003195 10 36.37 -94.41 47 Britwater 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 5682196 10 36.37 -94.41 98 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 8635197 10 36.37 -94.41 48 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 6137198 10 36.37 -94.41 5 Britwater 0.06 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 564199 10 36.37 -94.41 10 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 1686200 10 36.37 -94.41 5 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 1600203 11 36.4 -94.99 19 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1322204 11 36.4 -94.99 35 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 1908205 11 36.4 -94.99 24 Water 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep -938206 11 36.4 -94.99 3 Razort 0.10 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 200207 11 36.4 -94.99 20 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1097209 11 36.4 -94.99 11 Razort 0.10 24.39 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 1458210 11 36.4 -94.99 25 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 2780219 13 36.41 -94.66 255 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 18081220 13 36.41 -94.66 325 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 18412221 13 36.41 -94.66 164 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 8998222 13 36.41 -94.66 152 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 8453223 13 36.41 -94.66 71 Razort 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 5037224 13 36.41 -94.66 50 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 2827225 13 36.41 -94.66 62 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3413226 13 36.41 -94.66 59 Doniphan 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 3109227 13 36.41 -94.66 96 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 5331232 13 36.41 -94.66 114 Razort 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 16848233 13 36.41 -94.66 148 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 18705234 13 36.41 -94.66 109 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 12867235 13 36.41 -94.66 112 Doniphan 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 14504236 13 36.41 -94.66 119 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 16472237 13 36.41 -94.66 27 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 0.33 w/o N rep 3538238 13 36.41 -94.66 22 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 0.33 w/o N rep 3072239 13 36.41 -94.66 26 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 3439240 13 36.41 -94.66 62 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 8806241 13 36.41 -94.66 25 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 3252246 14 36.37 -94.66 40 Clarksville 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 2334247 14 36.37 -94.66 95 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 5012248 14 36.37 -94.66 51 Jay 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3177249 14 36.37 -94.66 74 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 4263250 14 36.37 -94.66 33 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1721251 14 36.37 -94.66 42 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2235252 14 36.37 -94.66 71 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4056257 14 36.37 -94.66 70 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 9064258 14 36.37 -94.66 67 Jay 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 8864259 14 36.37 -94.66 115 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 4.80 16324260 14 36.37 -94.66 14 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 1.11 w alum; w/o N rep 1878261 14 36.37 -94.66 48 Macedonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 6315262 14 36.37 -94.66 19 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1 1.56 2747267 15 34.4 -94.44 110 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 5542268 15 34.4 -94.44 183 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 12229269 15 34.4 -94.44 132 Noark 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 7930270 15 34.4 -94.44 48 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2908271 15 34.4 -94.44 22 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1115272 15 34.4 -94.44 73 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 4902\nA43 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n276 15 34.4 -94.44 57 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 7245\n277 15 34.4 -94.44 85 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 7306278 15 34.4 -94.44 138 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 17272\n279 15 34.4 -94.44 35 Noark 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 3548\n280 15 34.4 -94.44 14 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 1853281 15 34.4 -94.44 11 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 2184282 15 34.4 -94.44 13 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 4651283 15 34.4 -94.44 13 Peridge 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 1980287 16 36.35 -94.44 195 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 10623288 16 36.35 -94.44 317 Nixa 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 15765289 16 36.35 -94.44 271 Peridge 0.07 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 15205290 16 36.35 -94.44 53 Nixa 0.07 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2647291 16 36.35 -94.44 80 Peridge 0.07 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4547295 16 36.35 -94.44 41 Clarksville 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 4508296 16 36.35 -94.44 37 Captina 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 4470297 16 36.35 -94.44 102 Nixa 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 9116298 16 36.35 -94.44 31 Peridge 0.07 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 3865299 16 36.35 -94.44 12 Captina 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 1601300 16 36.35 -94.44 14 Newtonia 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 2209301 16 36.35 -94.44 15 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 2771302 16 36.35 -94.44 42 Peridge 0.05 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 6583306 17 36.41 -94.48 50 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 2720307 17 36.41 -94.48 59 Captina 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3527308 17 36.41 -94.48 109 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 5503309 17 36.41 -94.48 105 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 6959310 17 36.41 -94.48 51 Noark 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3073311 17 36.41 -94.48 12 Captina 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 708312 17 36.41 -94.48 22 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1086313 17 36.41 -94.48 37 Tonti 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 2432314 17 36.41 -94.48 18 Noark 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1085319 17 36.41 -94.48 51 Captina 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 6301320 17 36.41 -94.48 49 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 4080321 17 36.41 -94.48 70 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 8428322 17 36.41 -94.48 4 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 552323 17 36.41 -94.48 12 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 2308324 17 36.41 -94.48 8 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 2772327 18 36.39 -94.47 65 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 3500328 18 36.39 -94.47 83 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 4916329 18 36.39 -94.47 89 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 4511330 18 36.39 -94.47 53 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 3581331 18 36.39 -94.47 51 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3005332 18 36.39 -94.47 23 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1148333 18 36.39 -94.47 38 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 2577337 18 36.39 -94.47 89 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 11139338 18 36.39 -94.47 53 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 4542339 18 36.39 -94.47 65 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 8128340 18 36.39 -94.47 10 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1 1.30 w alum; 1254341 18 36.39 -94.47 6 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 1287342 18 36.39 -94.47 10 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 3556346 19 36.35 -94.92 34 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1974347 19 36.35 -94.92 19 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1078348 19 36.35 -94.92 12 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 659349 19 36.35 -94.92 27 Tonti 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1607350 19 36.35 -94.92 22 Tonti 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1279354 19 36.35 -94.92 7 Razort 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 1085355 19 36.35 -94.92 11 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 1360356 19 36.35 -94.92 10 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 1162357 19 36.35 -94.92 9 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 1058\nA44 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n358 19 36.35 -94.92 21 Tonti 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 2446\n361 20 36.36 -94.89 26 Razort 0.16 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1821362 20 36.36 -94.89 122 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 6819363 20 36.36 -94.89 6 Razort 0.16 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 454\n364 20 36.36 -94.89 36 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 2031\n367 20 36.36 -94.89 14 Razort 0.16 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 2052368 20 36.36 -94.89 92 Clarksville 0.16 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 11352369 21 36.41 -94.51 222 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 13315370 21 36.41 -94.51 152 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 7801371 21 36.41 -94.51 105 Tonti 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 6986372 21 36.41 -94.51 59 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3540373 21 36.41 -94.51 48 Nixa 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2474376 21 36.41 -94.51 139 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 17108377 21 36.41 -94.51 104 Nixa 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 8855378 21 36.41 -94.51 45 Tonti 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 5480379 21 36.41 -94.51 7 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 1066380 21 36.41 -94.51 6 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 1124381 21 36.41 -94.51 2 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 866382 21 36.41 -94.51 4 Peridge 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 618386 22 36.37 -94.51 202 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 10755387 22 36.37 -94.51 172 Captina 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 9959388 22 36.37 -94.51 201 Nixa 0.06 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 10072389 22 36.37 -94.51 51 Captina 0.06 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2976390 22 36.37 -94.51 18 Nixa 0.06 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 917391 22 36.37 -94.51 18 Tonti 0.06 36.58 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1211392 22 36.37 -94.51 14 Peridge 0.06 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 818395 22 36.37 -94.51 21 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 2327396 22 36.37 -94.51 62 Captina 0.06 36.58 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 7629397 22 36.37 -94.51 35 Nixa 0.06 36.58 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 3139398 22 36.37 -94.51 29 Tonti 0.06 36.58 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 3616399 22 36.37 -94.51 25 Captina 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 4108400 22 36.37 -94.51 7 Nixa 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 1.95 1347401 22 36.37 -94.51 9 Tonti 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 3364405 23 36.36 -94.55 13 Captina 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 778406 23 36.36 -94.55 7 Nixa 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 338407 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Healing 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 328408 23 36.36 -94.55 7 Peridge 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 395409 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Captina 0.05 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 326410 23 36.36 -94.55 10 Peridge 0.05 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 573413 23 36.36 -94.55 2 Captina 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 259414 23 36.36 -94.55 3 Britwater 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 307415 23 36.36 -94.55 4 Nixa 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 312416 23 36.36 -94.55 5 Peridge 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 649421 24 36.34 -94.49 171 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 9285422 24 36.34 -94.49 126 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 7468423 24 36.34 -94.49 480 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 24053424 24 36.34 -94.49 234 Peridge 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 13734425 24 36.34 -94.49 46 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2742426 24 36.34 -94.49 78 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3915427 24 36.34 -94.49 28 Secesh 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1632428 24 36.34 -94.49 28 Peridge 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1633431 24 36.34 -94.49 52 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 5625432 24 36.34 -94.49 62 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 7560433 24 36.34 -94.49 190 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 16136434 24 36.34 -94.49 59 Peridge 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 7199435 24 36.34 -94.49 52 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1 1.30 w alum; 6449436 24 36.34 -94.49 33 Nixa 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 5038437 24 36.34 -94.49 31 Peridge 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1 1.30 w alum; 3882\nA45 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n441 25 36.37 -94.87 13 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 723\n442 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 125443 25 36.37 -94.87 4 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep -168445 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 282446 25 36.37 -94.87 2 Water 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 0.00 w/o N rep -60\n453 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Clarksville 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 104\n454 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Britwater 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 57455 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Water 0.13 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep -76458 27 36.36 -94.8 2 Clarksville 0.13 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 284459 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Britwater 0.13 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 146460 27 36.36 -94.8 1 Elsah 0.13 36.58 HAY 0 6.00 141463 28 36.36 -94.79 3 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 197464 28 36.36 -94.79 1 Elsah 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 78468 28 36.36 -94.79 8 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 1095471 29 36.34 -94.36 111 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 2.00 w alum; w/o N rep 6170472 29 36.34 -94.36 384 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 18226473 29 36.34 -94.36 166 Tonti 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 10577474 29 36.34 -94.36 12 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 1.08 w alum; w/o N rep 666475 29 36.34 -94.36 68 Nixa 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3265478 29 36.34 -94.36 37 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 4268479 29 36.34 -94.36 144 Nixa 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 12945480 29 36.34 -94.36 53 Tonti 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 6808481 29 36.34 -94.36 4 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 601482 29 36.34 -94.36 28 Nixa 0.06 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 3275486 30 36.33 -94.39 110 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 WPAS 0 2.00 w alum; w/o N rep 6241487 30 36.33 -94.39 274 Nixa 0.08 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 13679488 30 36.33 -94.39 4 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 226489 30 36.33 -94.39 4 Captina 0.08 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 240490 30 36.33 -94.39 9 Nixa 0.08 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 463494 30 36.33 -94.39 9 Clarksville 0.08 36.58 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 1063495 30 36.33 -94.39 42 Nixa 0.08 36.58 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 4104496 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Razort 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 365497 31 36.36 -94.78 9 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 554498 31 36.36 -94.78 4 Elsah 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 267499 31 36.36 -94.78 11 Healing 0.05 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 798500 31 36.36 -94.78 7 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 400501 31 36.36 -94.78 2 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 138504 31 36.36 -94.78 3 Razort 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 399505 31 36.36 -94.78 7 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 854506 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Elsah 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 605507 31 36.36 -94.78 5 Healing 0.05 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 759511 32 36.35 -94.77 13 Razort 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 921512 32 36.35 -94.77 27 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1570513 32 36.35 -94.77 25 Healing 0.05 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1820514 32 36.35 -94.77 9 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 519515 32 36.35 -94.77 3 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 187516 32 36.35 -94.77 7 Britwater 0.05 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 414517 32 36.35 -94.77 4 Healing 0.05 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 292520 32 36.35 -94.77 5 Razort 0.05 18.29 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 806521 32 36.35 -94.77 9 Clarksville 0.05 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 1103522 32 36.35 -94.77 22 Healing 0.05 18.29 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 3367523 32 36.35 -94.77 6 Razort 0.03 18.29 WWHT 0 1.11 w/o N rep 1701524 32 36.35 -94.77 2 Clarksville 0.03 18.29 WWHT 0 0.65 w/o N rep 349525 32 36.35 -94.77 4 Britwater 0.03 18.29 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 735532 33 36.35 -94.82 23 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1312533 33 36.35 -94.82 4 Britwater 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 247534 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Water 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep -188535 33 36.35 -94.82 9 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 516\nA46 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n536 33 36.35 -94.82 3 Britwater 0.11 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 192\n537 33 36.35 -94.82 2 Taloka 0.11 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 130538 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Water 0.11 24.39 OPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep -157540 33 36.35 -94.82 19 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 2370541 33 36.35 -94.82 7 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 862542 33 36.35 -94.82 5 Britwater 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 676\n543 33 36.35 -94.82 6 Water 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 0.00 w/o N rep -231\n547 34 36.33 -94.86 22 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1280548 34 36.33 -94.86 25 Tonti 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1456550 34 36.33 -94.86 4 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 530551 34 36.33 -94.86 13 Tonti 0.10 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1544557 35 36.32 -94.71 69 Razort 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 4974558 35 36.32 -94.71 95 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 5643559 35 36.32 -94.71 73 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 4183560 35 36.32 -94.71 44 Britwater 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2559561 35 36.32 -94.71 50 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 2701562 35 36.32 -94.71 73 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 4006563 35 36.32 -94.71 23 Razort 0.07 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1646564 35 36.32 -94.71 30 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1749565 35 36.32 -94.71 14 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 813566 35 36.32 -94.71 20 Britwater 0.07 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1164567 35 36.32 -94.71 19 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1009568 35 36.32 -94.71 19 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1058572 35 36.32 -94.71 41 Razort 0.07 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 6546573 35 36.32 -94.71 87 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 12148574 35 36.32 -94.71 46 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 5942575 35 36.32 -94.71 38 Doniphan 0.07 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 5394576 35 36.32 -94.71 56 Macedonia 0.07 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 7869577 35 36.32 -94.71 6 Razort 0.04 18.29 WWHT 0 1.11 w/o N rep 1675578 35 36.32 -94.71 15 Clarksville 0.04 18.29 WWHT 0 0.65 w/o N rep 2879579 35 36.32 -94.71 7 Clarksville 0.04 18.29 WWHT 0 0.33 w/o N rep 1134580 35 36.32 -94.71 7 Britwater 0.04 18.29 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 1276581 35 36.32 -94.71 5 Elsah 0.04 18.29 WWHT 0 1.95 1150585 36 36.34 -94.76 0 Razort 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 13586 36 36.34 -94.76 1 Elsah 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 49587 36 36.34 -94.76 5 Britwater 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 282588 36 36.34 -94.76 2 Elsah 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 124592 36 36.34 -94.76 3 Razort 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 403593 36 36.34 -94.76 2 Razort 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0 0.98 w/o N rep 618594 36 36.34 -94.76 7 Britwater 0.02 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 920595 36 36.34 -94.76 6 Elsah 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 1465599 37 36.36 -94.59 36 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 1967600 37 36.36 -94.59 52 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3121601 37 36.36 -94.59 34 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2006602 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 196603 37 36.36 -94.59 11 Captina 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 631604 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Taloka 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 195605 37 36.36 -94.59 3 Nixa 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 176606 37 36.36 -94.59 6 Peridge 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 341608 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 745609 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 780610 37 36.36 -94.59 17 Captina 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 2060611 37 36.36 -94.59 7 Nixa 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 619612 37 36.36 -94.59 4 Clarksville 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0 1.95 655613 37 36.36 -94.59 6 Captina 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 1040614 37 36.36 -94.59 3 Nixa 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0 1.95 506615 37 36.36 -94.59 2 Peridge 0.05 24.39 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 504619 38 36.32 -94.53 233 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 12507\nA47 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n620 38 36.32 -94.53 454 Captina 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 26788\n621 38 36.32 -94.53 314 Nixa 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 15759622 38 36.32 -94.53 342 Tonti 0.05 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 22455623 38 36.32 -94.53 128 Captina 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 7575624 38 36.32 -94.53 45 Nixa 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2242625 38 36.32 -94.53 60 Tonti 0.05 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 3957628 38 36.32 -94.53 61 Clarksville 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 6440\n629 38 36.32 -94.53 110 Captina 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 13377\n630 38 36.32 -94.53 123 Nixa 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 10268631 38 36.32 -94.53 90 Tonti 0.05 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 10751632 38 36.32 -94.53 80 Captina 0.03 60.98 WWHT 1 1.30 w alum; 10096633 38 36.32 -94.53 31 Nixa 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 5895634 38 36.32 -94.53 45 Tonti 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 16664635 38 36.32 -94.53 46 Peridge 0.03 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 8013641 41 36.33 -94.65 22 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 1262642 41 36.33 -94.65 16 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 911643 41 36.33 -94.65 97 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 5543644 41 36.33 -94.65 7 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 425645 41 36.33 -94.65 5 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 309646 41 36.33 -94.65 3 Captina 0.07 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 174651 41 36.33 -94.65 24 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 3391652 41 36.33 -94.65 14 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 1839653 41 36.33 -94.65 18 Britwater 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 2557654 42 36.3 -94.65 69 Razort 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 4952655 42 36.3 -94.65 96 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 5591656 42 36.3 -94.65 47 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2616657 42 36.3 -94.65 53 Britwater 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3030658 42 36.3 -94.65 50 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 2673659 42 36.3 -94.65 56 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2925660 42 36.3 -94.65 10 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 568661 42 36.3 -94.65 28 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1487662 42 36.3 -94.65 23 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1226666 42 36.3 -94.65 35 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 4921667 42 36.3 -94.65 27 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 3477668 42 36.3 -94.65 46 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 6440669 42 36.3 -94.65 40 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 5477670 42 36.3 -94.65 4 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WWHT 1 1.95 w alum; 614671 42 36.3 -94.65 8 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WWHT 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1078672 42 36.3 -94.65 5 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WWHT 1 1.95 w alum; 703673 42 36.3 -94.65 13 Macedonia 0.05 36.58 WWHT 1 1.95 w alum; 1727678 43 36.36 -94.65 87 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 4974679 43 36.36 -94.65 77 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 4299680 43 36.36 -94.65 107 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 5615681 43 36.36 -94.65 207 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 11738682 43 36.36 -94.65 85 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4655683 43 36.36 -94.65 94 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4919684 43 36.36 -94.65 61 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3449688 43 36.36 -94.65 44 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 5852689 43 36.36 -94.65 61 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 7513690 43 36.36 -94.65 41 Doniphan 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 5584691 43 36.36 -94.65 68 Macedonia 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 9166692 43 36.36 -94.65 40 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 5325693 43 36.36 -94.65 60 Newtonia 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 8862694 43 36.36 -94.65 99 Taloka 0.01 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 14844695 43 36.36 -94.65 150 Newtonia 0.01 60.98 WWHT 1 1.95 22598700 44 36.3 -94.68 62 Captina 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3785701 44 36.3 -94.68 48 Britwater 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2828702 44 36.3 -94.68 63 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3293\nA48 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n703 44 36.3 -94.68 17 Captina 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1010\n704 44 36.3 -94.68 18 Taloka 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1172705 44 36.3 -94.68 20 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1031710 44 36.3 -94.68 13 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 1936711 44 36.3 -94.68 16 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 2099712 44 36.3 -94.68 21 Captina 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 3187713 44 36.3 -94.68 20 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 2900714 44 36.3 -94.68 33 Macedonia 0.04 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 4755\n715 44 36.3 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WWHT 1 1.95 w alum; 678\n716 44 36.3 -94.68 8 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WWHT 1 1.95 w alum; 1100717 44 36.3 -94.68 3 Macedonia 0.08 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 358721 45 36.28 -94.67 177 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 2.00 w/o N rep 9696722 45 36.28 -94.67 100 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 5396723 45 36.28 -94.67 92 Newtonia 0.03 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 5310724 45 36.28 -94.67 75 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 1.08 w/o N rep 4102725 45 36.28 -94.67 59 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 3197730 45 36.28 -94.67 40 Clarksville 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 6266731 45 36.28 -94.67 158 Doniphan 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 6.00 24311732 45 36.28 -94.67 83 Macedonia 0.03 91.46 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 12816733 45 36.28 -94.67 10 Captina 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1 1.95 1598734 45 36.28 -94.67 16 Doniphan 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1 1.95 2408735 45 36.28 -94.67 31 Macedonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 1 1.95 w alum; 4876741 46 36.29 -94.61 269 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 15940742 46 36.29 -94.61 277 Captina 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 16749743 46 36.29 -94.61 469 Taloka 0.03 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 24402744 46 36.29 -94.61 36 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 2114745 46 36.29 -94.61 75 Captina 0.03 60.98 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4511746 46 36.29 -94.61 30 Tonti 0.03 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1746747 46 36.29 -94.61 37 Taloka 0.03 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w alum; w/o N rep 1938752 46 36.29 -94.61 101 Clarksville 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 13805753 46 36.29 -94.61 184 Captina 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 27000754 46 36.29 -94.61 82 Taloka 0.03 60.98 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 11116755 46 36.29 -94.61 41 Captina 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 7205756 46 36.29 -94.61 31 Taloka 0.02 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 7525757 47 36.39 -94.84 45 Razort 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3233758 47 36.39 -94.84 159 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 9229759 47 36.39 -94.84 51 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2857760 47 36.39 -94.84 30 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1748761 47 36.39 -94.84 18 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1017762 47 36.39 -94.84 6 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 340766 47 36.39 -94.84 26 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 3903767 47 36.39 -94.84 129 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 16166768 47 36.39 -94.84 57 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 6690773 48 36.4 -94.79 48 Razort 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3373774 48 36.4 -94.79 247 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 13929775 48 36.4 -94.79 51 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2794776 48 36.4 -94.79 23 Razort 0.11 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1623777 48 36.4 -94.79 82 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4610778 48 36.4 -94.79 56 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3049781 48 36.4 -94.79 45 Razort 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 6140782 48 36.4 -94.79 176 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 20031783 48 36.4 -94.79 54 Clarksville 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 5775784 48 36.4 -94.79 38 Britwater 0.11 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 4522785 48 36.4 -94.79 18 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 2324786 48 36.4 -94.79 11 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WWHT 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1598790 49 36.37 -94.73 418 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 24091791 49 36.37 -94.73 151 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 8308792 49 36.37 -94.73 230 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 11667\nA49 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n793 49 36.37 -94.73 82 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4740\n794 49 36.37 -94.73 51 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2806795 49 36.37 -94.73 45 Taloka 0.07 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2809796 49 36.37 -94.73 41 Doniphan 0.07 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2136797 49 36.37 -94.73 80 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4088800 49 36.37 -94.73 270 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 33789801 49 36.37 -94.73 117 Clarksville 0.07 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 13660802 49 36.37 -94.73 217 Macedonia 0.07 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 26995803 49 36.37 -94.73 28 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0 0.65 w alum; w/o N rep 3868\n804 49 36.37 -94.73 12 Clarksville 0.06 36.58 WWHT 0 0.65 w/o N rep 1527\n805 49 36.37 -94.73 12 Taloka 0.06 36.58 WWHT 1 1.30 w alum; 1705806 49 36.37 -94.73 11 Doniphan 0.06 36.58 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 1475807 49 36.37 -94.73 17 Macedonia 0.06 36.58 WWHT 1 1.56 w alum; 2146808 50 36.27 -94.81 159 Razort 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 11359809 50 36.27 -94.81 489 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 28456810 50 36.27 -94.81 167 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 9494811 50 36.27 -94.81 192 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 11167812 50 36.27 -94.81 100 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 5677813 50 36.27 -94.81 86 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 4626817 50 36.27 -94.81 118 Razort 0.09 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 18064818 50 36.27 -94.81 300 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 39754819 50 36.27 -94.81 146 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 18011820 50 36.27 -94.81 107 Doniphan 0.09 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 14254821 50 36.27 -94.81 15 Razort 0.09 24.39 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 2956822 50 36.27 -94.81 64 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 1 1.56 8552823 50 36.27 -94.81 33 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 1 1.56 4079828 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.06 15.24 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 90829 51 36.35 -94.75 0 Clarksville 0.06 15.24 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 16830 51 36.35 -94.75 0 Razort 0.06 15.24 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 26831 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Elsah 0.06 15.24 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 53834 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.06 15.24 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 164835 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Razort 0.01 15.24 WWHT 0 1.11 w/o N rep 396836 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Britwater 0.01 15.24 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 119837 51 36.35 -94.75 1 Elsah 0.01 15.24 WWHT 0 1.95 351845 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Razort 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 133846 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 144847 52 36.32 -94.68 6 Britwater 0.10 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 321848 52 36.32 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 266849 52 36.32 -94.68 6 Britwater 0.10 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 319854 52 36.32 -94.68 1 Razort 0.10 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 188855 52 36.32 -94.68 5 Clarksville 0.10 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 679856 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Britwater 0.10 24.39 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 254857 52 36.32 -94.68 2 Doniphan 0.10 24.39 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 261858 52 36.32 -94.68 1 Clarksville 0.09 24.39 WWHT 0 0.98 w/o N rep 140864 53 36.35 -94.57 25 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 1353865 53 36.35 -94.57 45 Britwater 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 2526866 53 36.35 -94.57 18 Waben 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 1154867 53 36.35 -94.57 48 Peridge 0.07 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2807868 53 36.35 -94.57 8 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 437869 53 36.35 -94.57 4 Britwater 0.07 24.39 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 202870 53 36.35 -94.57 6 Waben 0.07 24.39 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 391871 53 36.35 -94.57 7 Peridge 0.07 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 385875 53 36.35 -94.57 18 Clarksville 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1940876 53 36.35 -94.57 12 Britwater 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1391877 53 36.35 -94.57 6 Waben 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 692878 53 36.35 -94.57 10 Peridge 0.07 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1259879 53 36.35 -94.57 7 Clarksville 0.12 24.39 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 778880 53 36.35 -94.57 8 Nixa 0.12 24.39 WWHT 1 1.30 w alum; 669\nA50 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n883 54 36.42 -94.62 25 Razort 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1771\n884 54 36.42 -94.62 31 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1742885 54 36.42 -94.62 23 Britwater 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1281886 54 36.42 -94.62 93 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 5205887 54 36.42 -94.62 45 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 2505892 54 36.42 -94.62 15 Clarksville 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 1627893 54 36.42 -94.62 88 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 10714894 54 36.42 -94.62 6 Newtonia 0.02 91.46 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 1096898 55 36.27 -94.74 520 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 30727899 55 36.27 -94.74 347 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 18894\n900 55 36.27 -94.74 586 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 31508\n901 55 36.27 -94.74 133 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 7871902 55 36.27 -94.74 499 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 26837907 55 36.27 -94.74 348 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 51720908 55 36.27 -94.74 228 Clarksville 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 31188909 55 36.27 -94.74 808 Doniphan 0.06 60.98 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 118800910 55 36.27 -94.74 24 Clarksville 0.04 60.98 WWHT 0 0.65 w/o N rep 3490911 55 36.27 -94.74 31 Captina 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1 1.56 4839912 55 36.27 -94.74 40 Britwater 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1 1.95 w alum; 6058913 55 36.27 -94.74 79 Doniphan 0.04 60.98 WWHT 1 1.95 11793918 56 36.38 -94.44 1 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 28919 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Britwater 0.08 60.98 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 23923 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Clarksville 0.08 60.98 HAY 0 0.00 w/o N rep 3924 56 36.38 -94.44 1 Britwater 0.08 60.98 HAY 0 0.00 w/o N rep 1925 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Water 0.08 60.98 HAY 0 0.00 w/o N rep -7926 56 36.38 -94.44 0 Elsah 0.09 60.98 WWHT 0 1.95 66927 57 36.39 -94.94 48 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 2611928 57 36.39 -94.94 114 Britwater 0.09 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 6516929 57 36.39 -94.94 4 Razort 0.09 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 268930 57 36.39 -94.94 4 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 212931 57 36.39 -94.94 27 Britwater 0.09 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1545934 57 36.39 -94.94 28 Clarksville 0.09 18.29 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 3045935 57 36.39 -94.94 74 Britwater 0.09 18.29 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 8021936 57 36.39 -94.94 23 Healing 0.09 18.29 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 2919938 58 36.35 -94.85 0 Razort 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 21939 58 36.35 -94.85 1 Clarksville 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 44940 58 36.35 -94.85 0 Britwater 0.15 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 28943 59 36.36 -94.86 2 Razort 0.17 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 148944 59 36.36 -94.86 4 Clarksville 0.17 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 243948 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Razort 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 142949 60 36.37 -94.81 7 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 407950 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 107951 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Britwater 0.10 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 127952 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 114953 60 36.37 -94.81 0 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 23954 60 36.37 -94.81 0 Water 0.10 18.29 OPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep -13956 60 36.37 -94.81 6 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 847957 60 36.37 -94.81 2 Clarksville 0.10 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 208961 61 36.35 -94.79 5 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 298962 61 36.35 -94.79 1 Elsah 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 63963 61 36.35 -94.79 3 Healing 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 186966 61 36.35 -94.79 2 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 295967 61 36.35 -94.79 2 Doniphan 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 213968 62 36.33 -94.8 80 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 4675969 62 36.33 -94.8 99 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 5678970 62 36.33 -94.8 47 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 2505971 62 36.33 -94.8 19 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 1102972 62 36.33 -94.8 35 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1975\nA51 HRUSub-\nbasinLatitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-\nbasinLongitude \nat the \ncenter of \nsub-basinArea \n(ha.) Soil nameSlope \n(m/m)Slope \nLength \n(m) Land UseLand Use \nChange (1= change, 0 = not)Litter \napplication \nrate (tons)With (w alum) or \nwithout (w/o) alum; \nWith (w N rep) or \nwithout (w/o N rep) \nN replacementHRU \nShadow \nPrice ($)\n973 62 36.33 -94.8 45 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 2427\n974 62 36.33 -94.8 18 Jay 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 1153978 62 36.33 -94.8 50 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 6683979 62 36.33 -94.8 113 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 13971980 62 36.33 -94.8 99 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 4.80 13311981 62 36.33 -94.8 5 Clarksville 0.03 36.58 WWHT 0 0.65 w/o N rep 807982 62 36.33 -94.8 10 Clarksville 0.03 36.58 WWHT 0 0.98 w/o N rep 1526983 62 36.33 -94.8 13 Doniphan 0.03 36.58 WWHT 0 0.33 w/o N rep 1993984 62 36.33 -94.8 17 Jay 0.03 36.58 WWHT 1 1.30 w alum; 2308985 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Razort 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 341986 63 36.32 -94.89 6 Clarksville 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 348\n987 63 36.32 -94.89 3 Britwater 0.08 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 165\n990 63 36.32 -94.89 4 Razort 0.08 18.29 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 551991 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Clarksville 0.08 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 657992 63 36.32 -94.89 5 Britwater 0.08 18.29 HAY 0 4.80 w alum; 610995 64 36.37 -94.91 7 Razort 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 497996 64 36.37 -94.91 16 Clarksville 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 878997 64 36.37 -94.91 17 Britwater 0.11 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 936\n1000 64 36.37 -94.91 6 Razort 0.11 36.58 HAY 0 4.00 w N rep 7981001 64 36.37 -94.91 9 Clarksville 0.11 36.58 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 10541002 64 36.37 -94.91 5 Britwater 0.11 36.58 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 6311003 64 36.37 -94.91 2 Water 0.11 36.58 HAY 0 0.00 w/o N rep -861007 66 36.36 -95.02 19 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 10321008 66 36.36 -95.02 26 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 13041009 66 36.36 -95.02 35 Nixa 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 1.00 w alum; w/o N rep 15101010 66 36.36 -95.02 10 Parsons 0.07 18.29 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 5771013 66 36.36 -95.02 8 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 0 3.40 w/o N rep 8061014 66 36.36 -95.02 11 Clarksville 0.07 18.29 HAY 0 3.40 w/o N rep 10411015 66 36.36 -95.02 7 Nixa 0.07 18.29 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 5311016 67 36.37 -94.98 4 Razort 0.13 15.24 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 2921017 67 36.37 -94.98 28 Clarksville 0.13 15.24 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 15281021 68 36.33 -94.61 278 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 161301022 68 36.33 -94.61 216 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 113911023 68 36.33 -94.61 198 Captina 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 118741024 68 36.33 -94.61 198 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 WPAS 0 1.00 w/o N rep 105551025 68 36.33 -94.61 39 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 20611026 68 36.33 -94.61 33 Captina 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 19651027 68 36.33 -94.61 29 Doniphan 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 15321028 68 36.33 -94.61 23 Tonti 0.05 36.58 OPAS 1 0.54 w/o N rep 15021032 68 36.33 -94.61 102 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 112771033 68 36.33 -94.61 136 Clarksville 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 139321034 68 36.33 -94.61 76 Captina 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 90281035 68 36.33 -94.61 73 Tonti 0.05 36.58 HAY 0 6.00 w alum; 83391036 68 36.33 -94.61 13 Clarksville 0.04 36.58 WWHT 0 1.30 w N rep 20521037 68 36.33 -94.61 24 Captina 0.04 36.58 WWHT 0 0.00 w N rep 33101038 68 36.33 -94.61 33 Tonti 0.04 36.59 WWHT 0 1.95 w alum; 124971039 69 36.35 -95.01 13 Clarksville 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 6671040 69 36.35 -95.01 8 Captina 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 4541041 69 36.35 -95.01 16 Britwater 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 8891042 69 36.35 -95.01 25 Peridge 0.06 24.39 WPAS 0 0.00 w/o N rep 14871043 69 36.35 -95.01 7 Captina 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 3941044 69 36.35 -95.01 4 Nixa 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2271045 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Peridge 0.06 24.39 OPAS 1 0.00 w/o N rep 2061048 69 36.35 -95.01 7 Captina 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 8321049 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Britwater 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 2901050 69 36.35 -95.01 3 Nixa 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 3.40 w alum; w/o N rep 1821051 69 36.35 -95.01 2 Healing 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 3.40 w/o N rep 3021052 69 36.35 -95.01 4 Peridge 0.06 24.39 HAY 0 4.00 w alum; 490\nA52 Information Transfer Program\nActivities for the efficient transfer and retrieval of information are an important part of the Environmental\nInstitute/OWRRI program mandate. The Institute maintains a web site on the Internet at URL\nhttp://environ.okstate.edu/ that provides information on the OWRRI and supported research. The site\nprovides links to information on publications of the Institute, grant opportunities and deadlines and any\nupcoming events. A listing of technical reports and other publications generated by OWRRI and other\nEnvironmental Institute sponsored research is updated regularly and is accessible on the Institute web site.\nAbstracts of each publication are available. \nThe publication of the bi-monthly newsletter of the Institute, Prism, has continued. Prism is a valuable\nsource of information on research activities sponsored by the Institute and research opportunities in water\nresources and environmental research. Current and past issues of the newsletter are made available on the\nweb site. USGS Summer Intern Program Student Support\nStudent Support \nCategorySection 104\nBase GrantSection 104\nRCGP AwardNIWR-USGS \nInternshipSupplemental \nAwardsTotal \nUndergraduate 6 0 0 0 6 \nMasters 5 0 0 0 5 \nPh.D. 4 0 0 0 4 \nPost-Doc. 0 0 0 0 0 \nTotal 15 0 0 0 15 \nNotable Awards and Achievements\nPublications from Prior Projects\nNone "
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0.03926604613661766,
0.04993040859699249,
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"pdf_file": "D4BBBAV5MEXMP4EU2KX7JTF4DFORZHZO.pdf",
"text": "53690 Federal Register /Vol. 64, No. 191 /Monday, October 4, 1999 /Notices\nDated: September 23, 1999.\nMichael Blymyer,\nCody Field Manager.\n[FR Doc. 99±25658 Filed 10±1±99; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 4310±22±P\nDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR\nBureau of Land Management\n[CA±066±99±1990; CACA±20139 and\nCACA±22901]\nSubject: Proposed Soledad Canyon\nSand and Gravel Mining Operation,\nLos Angeles County, CA\nAGENCY: Bureau of Land Management,\nDepartment of the Interior, Palm\nSpringsÐSouth Coast Field Office,\nDesert District, California.\nACTION: Extension of public review\nperiod for Draft Environmental Impact\nStatement.\nSUMMARY: The Bureau of Land\nManagement is extending the public\ncomment period on the draft\nenvironmental impact statement (EIS)\noriginally released in May 1999 to allow\ntime to consider new information on air\nquality and possibly other issues. BLM\nwill prepare a supplement to the draft\nEIS that will primarily consider the new\ninformation, and will make the\nsupplement available for public review\nperiod by November 17, 1999 for at least\n45 days prior to the end of the extended\npublic comment period. The\nsupplement will also analyze a new\nproposal from the applicant to transport\nmine materials by a conveyor belt\nsystem rather than by open trucks as\noriginally proposed in the original draft\nEIS released last May and other issues,\nif necessary.\nA separate Federal Register Notice of\nAvailability will be published when the\nsupplement is released to the public.\nBLM will continue to accept comments\non the May draft EIS, as well as\ncomments on the supplement, until\nJanuary 3, 2000. All substantive public\ncomments received, and BLM's\nresponses, will be incorporated in a\nfinal EIS to be published in 2000.\nDATES: Comments must be submitted in\nwriting no later than January 3, 2000.\nADDRESSES : Written comments shall be\nmailed to the following address: Mr.\nJames G. Kenna, Field Manager, Bureau\nof Land Management, Palm SpringÐ\nSouth Coast Field Office, 690 W. Garnet\nAvenue, P.O. Box 1260, North Palm\nSprings, California 92258. Comments\nmay also be submitted by electronic\nmail (e-mail) to the following address:\nPalm Springs FO CA±EMAIL.FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT :\nMs. Elena Misquez, BLM, Palm\nSpringsÐSouth Coast Field Office, P.O.\nBox 1260, North Palm Springs, CA\n92258, telephone 760±251±4810.\nJames G. Kenna,\nField Manager.\n[FR Doc. 99±25686 Filed 10±1±99; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 4310±40±M\nDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR\nBureau of Land Management\n[WY±060±1310±00]\nAGENCY: Bureau of Land Management,\nInterior.\nACTION: Notice of availability of the\nFinal Environmental Impact Statement.\nSUMMARY: Pursuant to the National\nEnvironmental Policy Act (NEPA) and\nimplementing regulations, the Bureau of\nLand Management (BLM) announces the\navailability of the Final Environmental\nImpact Statement (FEIS) for the Wyodak\nCoalbed Methane Development Project.\nThe FEIS analyzes the potential impacts\nand cumulative effects of proposed\ncoalbed methane (CBM) development\non Federal and non-Federal lands in\nCampbell, Johnson, and Converse\nCounties, Wyoming.\nThe FEIS is published in abbreviated\nformat. Reviewers will need the\n``Wyodak Coalbed Methane Project Draft\nEnvironmental Impact Statement''\n(DEIS), BLM, May 1999, for review of\nthe complete EIS. Additional analysis\nand/or specific changes (errata) to the\ntext of the DEIS are found in each\nchapter of this FEIS.\nDATES: BLM will accept comments on\nthe FEIS for a period of 30 days from the\ndate the Environmental Protection\nAgency (EPA) publishes their Notice of\nAvailability (NOA) of the FEIS in the\nFederal Register . We anticipate that\nEPA will publish its NOA on October 1,\n1999.\nADDRESSES : Send written comments to:\nField Manager, Bureau of Land\nManagement, Buffalo Field Office, 1425\nFort Street, Buffalo, WY 82834.\nFOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT :\nRichard Zander, phone: (307) 684±1100.\nCopies of the FEIS may be obtained\nfrom the following BLM offices: Buffalo\nField Office, 1425 Fort Street, Buffalo,\nWyoming 82834, (307) 684±1100;\nCasper Field Office, 1701 East E Street,\nCasper, Wyoming 82601 (307) 261±\n7600; and Wyoming State Office, 5353\nYellowstone Road, Cheyenne, Wyoming\n82009, (307) 775±6256.\nSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : BLM\nreceived fifty-two comment letters onthe DEIS addressing six basic topics:\ngroundwater (the water model and\nmonitoring); surface water (amounts\nproduced, water management plans, and\nwetlands); air quality (modeling,\nauthorizing actions, emissions, and air\nquality related values); geology\n(development conflicts, coal fires,\nmethane seepage, and subsidence);\nwildlife and fisheries (programmatic\nversus site specific analysis,\nunanticipated new development, and\nmitigation); and land use (wilderness\nstudy area impacts, access, on lease/off\nlease Federal authority, and\nreclamation). All comment letters\nreceived have been reproduced in the\nFEIS. All comments were considered\nand included as part of the BLM\ndecisionmaking process.\nBased on new and additional\ninformation provided by commenters,\nthe groundwater model was rerun. This\nyielded a better calibrated prediction of\nmodeled drawdowns under the\nProposed Action and under Alternative\nOne.\nComments, including names and\nstreet addresses of respondents, will be\navailable for public review at the Bureau\nof Land Management, Buffalo Field\nOffice, 1425 Fort Street, Buffalo,\nWyoming, during regular business hours\n(8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.), Monday\nthrough Friday, except holidays, and\nmay be published as part of the Record\nof Decision. Individual respondents may\nrequest confidentiality. If you wish to\nwithhold your name or street address\nfrom public review or from disclosure\nunder the Freedom of Information Act,\nyou must state this prominently at the\nbeginning of your written comment.\nSuch requests will be honored to the\nextent allowed by law. All submissions\nfrom organizations or businesses, and\nfrom individuals identifying themselves\nas representatives of officials of\norganizations or businesses, will be\nmade available for public inspection in\ntheir entirety.\nDated: September 28, 1999.\nAlan L. Kesterke,\nAssociate State Director.\n[FR Doc. 99±25687 Filed 10±1±99; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 4310±22±P\nDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR\nBureau of Land Management.\n[AK±910±1410±00]\nAlaska Resource Advisory Council\nMeeting\nAGENCY: Bureau of Land Management,\nInterior\nVerDate 22-SEP-99 13:27 Oct 01, 1999 Jkt 183247 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\04OCN1.XXX pfrm02 PsN: 04OCN1"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "E56DXI3S5SVXXFZEC2OCGDDC4VYSWROH.pdf",
"text": "The National Do Not Call Registry\n If you ever signed up for the national Do Not Call list, you may need to renew your\nregistration. Since entries are only valid on the Do Not Call list for five years, I encourage you\nto check on your number's expiration date. You can easily update and renew the registry by\nvisiting the Do Not Call list's website at http://www.donotcall.gov/ or by calling (888)-382-1222. \n \n \n Once there, click on the "Verify a Registration" button and enter the phone number\nand a valid e-mail address. A verification email will then be sent with the registry's expiration\ndate. \n \n \n The Do Not Call list, an effort overseen by the Federal Trade Commission, gives you a choice\nabout whether to receive telemarketing calls at home. Once a phone number is included in the\nregistry, telemarketers are prohibited from calling that number and risk fines of up to $11,000 for\nviolations. Originally launched in June of 2003, the list has over 132 million registered phone\nnumbers. \n \n 1 / 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "FDSCSRQTOQOGCBTQJU35NWLJ7OVYQW7C.pdf",
"text": "Murphy Unveils Online Tax Resource Center\n\r\nContact: Kristen Bossi\r\n\r\n\r\n(202) 225-4476\r\n\r\n\r\nWASHINGTON, D.C. - Today, Congressman Chris Murphy (CT-5) announced a new feature on his web site, an Online\nTax Resource Center,\r\nto assist families in preparing their 2007 returns and in achieving all\r\ndeductions, credits, and refunds that are owed to them.\r\n\r\n\r\n\"The annual task of filing your taxes can be a time\r\nconsuming process. The goal of my Online Tax Resource Center is to\r\nprovide as much information as possible in one place so that you can\r\ntake care of your taxes as quickly as possible,\" said Murphy.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe Online Tax Resource Center includes information about:\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\n - The economic stimulus package recently signed into\r\n\tlaw, which allows tax rebates of up to $600 per individual, up to\r\n\t$1,200 per couple, plus $300 per child to be sent as early as mid-May.\r\n\t\n - Free tax preparation services. If your 2007\r\n\tadjusted gross income was $54,000 or less, you can use Free File to\r\n\tprepare and file your Federal Income Tax Return online. Other resources\r\n\tavailable are the Tax Counseling for the Elderly program and the\r\n\tVolunteer Income Tax Assistance program.\r\n\t\n - The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), which is a federal income tax credit for people who work but have low incomes.\r\n\t\n - The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). This tax was in\r\n\tthe news this year because Congress had to act to ensure that 23\r\n\tmillion Americans, including more than 72,000 in Connecticut's Fifth\r\n\tDistrict, did not get hit with this tax that was originally intended\r\n\tfor wealthy families to pay their share of taxes.\r\n\t\n - How to track your refund.\r\n\t\n - The Taxpayer Advocate Service, which is an\r\n\tindependent organization inside the IRS. The purpose of the service is\r\n\tto assist taxpayers who are facing economic harm or who have tax\r\n\tproblems that have not been resolved through normal channels.\r\n\t\n - Federal and state resources, and useful phone numbers.\r\n\r\n\r\n# # #\rChris Murphy\nhttp://www.chrismurphy.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 15 July, 2012, 09:32 \r\nChris Murphy\nhttp://www.chrismurphy.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 15 July, 2012, 09:32"
} |
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"text": " \nTDA Progress Report 42-119 November 15, 1994\nAn Algorithm for Extraction of Periodic Signals\nFrom Sparse, Irregularly Sampled Data\nJ. Z. Wilcox\nTracking Systems and Applications Section\nTemporal gaps in discrete sampling sequences produce spurious Fourier compo-\nnents at the intermodulation frequencies of an oscillatory signal and the temporalgaps, thus signiflcantly complicating spectral analysis of such sparsely sampled data.A new fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithm has been developed, suitablefor spectral analysis of sparsely sampled data with a relatively small number ofoscillatory components buried in background noise. The algorithm’s principal ideahas its origin in the so-called \\clean\" algorithm used to sharpen images of scenescorrupted by atmospheric and sensor aperture efiects. It identifles as the signal’s\\true\" frequency that oscillatory component which, when passed through the samesampling sequence as the original data, produces a Fourier image that is the bestmatch to the original Fourier map. Unlike the clean algorithm, it performs thesearch in the Fourier space. The algorithm has generally met with success on trialswith simulated data with a low signal-to-noise ratio, including those of a type simi-lar to hourly residuals for Earth orientation parameters extracted from VLBI data.For eight oscillatory components in the diurnal and semidiurnal bands, all compo-nents with an amplitude-noise ratio greater than 0.2 were successfully extracted forall sequences and duty cycles (greater than 0.1) tested; the amplitude-noise ratiosof the extracted signals were as low as 0.05 for high duty cycles and long sam-pling sequences. When, in addition to these high frequencies, strong low-frequencycomponents are present in the data, the low-frequency components are generallyeliminated flrst, by employing a version of the algorithm that searches for noninte-ger multiples of the discrete FFT minimum frequency.\nI. Introduction\nIn observational sciences like astronomy, it frequently happens that data are available at an unevenly\nspaced set of sampling times. The analyst may wish to extract from these data certain periodic compo-nents for which the frequencies are not precisely known. In fact, signal extraction from sparse or unevenlysampled data may prove crucial to the successful exploitation of large data sets assembled at considerableexpense over many years. If the data acquisition process is characterized by a regular or nearly periodicsuccession of gaps during which no data are taken, sidelobes will occur at frequencies corresponding to theintermodulation products of the various signal and gap frequencies, giving rise to spurious signals in theFourier map. The situation is aggravated by the inevitable presence of noise. In recent years, a numberof authors have developed methods based on Lomb’s normalized periodogram to deal with problems ofthis kind. A set of references and an implementation of Lomb’s method are provided in [1]. A recent\n12 □□ \narticle studied the efiect of temporal windows on observed solar oscillation parameters [2]. However,\nthere appears to be no currently available method to search for periodic signals with a low signal-to-noiseratio and unknown frequencies spanning a potentially broad spectral range; nor does there exist a clearunderstanding of the mathematical limits on the kinds of information that might be extracted from suchdata.\nThis article describes a new mathematical procedure for extraction of periodic signals from incomplete\ndata sets. The procedure addresses a situation of particular interest in which only a relatively smallnumber of periodic components are present within a noisy background. Although it may not be possibleeven in principle to extract a large array of broadband signals from sparsely sampled data, the fact thatonly a small number of components are present makes it possible to extract the components in a mannerthat efiectively eliminates ambiguity. The main idea of the new procedure comes from the so-called\\clean\" algorithm [3], which has been extensively used within the astronomical community to sharpenimages of scenes corrupted by atmospheric and sensor aperture efiects. Clean algorithms have been mostsuccessful in cleaning up maps of images created by a small number of intense sources. The location ofthe most intense point source is identifled with the highest peak in the scene’s \\dirty\" map. By modelingthe efiects of the atmosphere and sensor aperture (or other intermediate fllters) on the image of a singlelocalized source, the resulting point spread function is subtracted ofi, and a point reconstruction addedto a clean map. The process is repeated for successively smaller peaks.\nAnalogous to the clean algorithm, the new algorithm identifles the strongest oscillatory component and\nproduces a Fourier image of this signal as it would be registered if it were sampled in the same manneras the actual data. Unlike in the clean algorithm, a search for the component is performed in Fourierspace. That frequency is identifled as the frequency of the strongest oscillatory component whose Fourierimage is the best match to the Fourier map of the actual data. The image is subtracted from the originalFourier map. The difierence between the old map and the subtracted image is a new residual map, andthe amplitude and frequency of the generating signal are recorded as contributors to the clean map.\nThe algorithm has generally met with success in trials with simulated data, including those of a type\nsimilar to hourly residuals for Earth orientation parameters extracted from VLBI data. Some eight signalcomponents in the diurnal and semidiurnal bands with amplitudes varying by an order of magnitude wereadded to a background of Gaussian noise on the same order of magnitude as the oscillatory signal. Fora 2-year-long sampling sequence and 20-percent duty cycle (the duty cycle is deflned as the ratio of thelength of time during which the data was taken to the sequence’s total length), all components with anamplitude{noise ratio greater than about 0.2 were successfully extracted; for a 100-percent duty cycle,the extracted amplitude{noise ratio was as low as 0.05. To minimize central processing unit (CPU) time(important for long data sequences), the algorithm uses fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) on uniformlyspaced time markers. The data arrays have zeroes added into the temporal gaps and into the appendedregion (which is added to make the array size equal to a power of two). The CPU time scales as aconstant£N£logN, where the constant depends on the e–ciency of the search for the signal oscillatory\nfrequencies. For N=2\n18time markers and 8 cleaning steps, the required CPU time on a VAX-class\nmachine was on the order of several minutes. The frequency resolution is 1 =T, whereTis the sampling\nsequence length. For cases when a more precise frequency determination is required, or when in additionto the high (i.e., diurnal and semidiurnal) frequencies, the data contains low-frequency components, anoninteger version of the algorithm has been developed. The noninteger version constructs the Fourierimage as a function of frequencies that are not integer multiples of the discrete FFT minimum frequency.An additional search, performed by using a functional minimum-flnding algorithm, extends the search tononinteger frequency values. Compared to the integer algorithm, the noninteger algorithm determinesthe signal frequencies with greatly improved accuracy. It also consumes more CPU time, depending onthe desired accuracy and on the spectral content of the original data.\nSection II describes the algorithm; Section III describes results of simulation experiments; and the\nAppendix describes the algorithm extension to frequencies that are not equal to discrete FFT frequencies.\n13 □□ □□□□\nII. The Algorithm\nThe data are sampled in a sequence that consists of discrete observation sessions (or windows, on\nthe order of one day) between which there are large gaps (on the order of several days). Within eachsession, data are sampled at uniformly spaced discrete time intervals that are integers of some minimum–t(in our case, 1 hr). The set of hour markers at which the data are taken deflnes the sampling function\nS(t\nn), which assumes values of 1 or 0 depending upon whether or not a data value was acquired at that\nparticular time. The data deflne the array D(tn), in which the entries where no data have been taken\nhave been set to zero. The hour markers are tn=n–t,n=0;1;¢¢¢;N¡1, whereNis the total number of\nmarkers in the sampling sequence of duration T=N– t. Note that, to use the FFT, it is most convenient\nforNto be chosen equal to a power of 2.\nSampling at discrete intervals creates a situation whereby frequencies beyond the maximum resolved\nfrequency (Nyquist, equal in our case to 1 =2–t) are aliased (or \\folded back\") into the lowest frequency\nregion. In addition, the presence of periodic or nearly periodic gaps in the data sequence leads to theappearance of sidelobes and spurious spectral peaks at the signal and gap intermodulation frequencies.The sidelobes are also aliased into the lowest spectral region. To remove the sidelobe efiect, the algorithmproduces a Fourier map of the actual data and identifles the strongest oscillatory component. It calculatesa Fourier image of this signal flltered through the same sequence, S(t\nn), as the actual data, and subtracts\nit from the original Fourier map to produce a residual map. The most obvious candidate for the strongestcomponent is a frequency with the biggest peak in the original Fourier map. Occasionally, however,the biggest peak occurs at one of the intermodulation frequencies. Therefore, the \\true\" modulationfrequency is found to be that frequency which when passed through S(t\nn) is the best match (including\nthe sidelobe structure) for the original Fourier map.\nLetMldesignate the least squares function:\nMl·NX\nkjDS(k)¡X\n§a§lfS\n§l(k)j2\n(1)\nwhere the sum over kis a sum over all (discrete) frequencies, !k·2…k=(N–t). TheDS(k)i s a\ndiscrete Fourier transform of D(tn), and the second term on the right-hand side of Eq. (1) is a Fourier\nrepresentation of a candidate oscillatory signal of frequency !ltaken over the sampling function S(tn).\nThat is,fS\nl(k) is a Fourier transform of fl(tn)S(tn), where the periodic function fl(tn)=e x p¡\n¡2…inl\nN¢\n.\nNote that if there were no gaps in the data (i.e., if S(tn) consisted of an uninterrupted series of data\npoints), then fS\nl(k) would consist of a single Kronecker delta, –l;k. However, because of the window-gap\nstructure of S(tn), thefS\nl(k)’s will have sideband components, similar to sideband components of DS(k).\nTheal’s specify amplitudes of the Fourier components fS\nl(k). It is important that the Fourier repre-\nsentation of a candidate oscillatory signal sums over both the positive and negative frequency indexes toaccount for signal phase. To see this, assume that the contribution of the lth oscillatory component to\ndata is\nA\nlcosµ\n2…nl\nN+`l¶\n(2)\nwhere`lis phase. The contribution to the Fourier map is\nAl\n2¡\nei`lfS\n¡l(k)+e¡i`lfS\nl(k)¢\n(3)\n14 □□ □□□□\nBecause Eq. (3) consists of both a positive and its complex conjugate negative frequency components, so\nmust the Fourier image,P\n§a§lfS\n§l(k), in Eq. (1).\nThe indexlthat minimizes Mlas a function of lis identifled as the signal’s true frequency. To perform\nthe minimization, DS(k)’s andfS\nl(k)’s are computed (for all k’s and candidate l’s). The coe–cients a§l\nare computed from the following complex conjugate relationships for spectral strengths at §llocations\nin the Fourier map:\nDS(l)=a¡lfS\n¡l(l)+alfS\nl(l) (4a)\nDS(¡l)=a¡lfS\n¡l(¡l)+alfS\nl(¡l) (4b)\nBy combining Eqs. (4a) and (4b), the a§l’s are computed for the candidate l. The computed a§l’s are\nsubstituted into Eq. (1), whose minimization yields the optimal index lfor the frequency of the strongest\noscillatory component. Note that the use of the positive and negative lallows for reconstruction of the\nsignal phase. By comparing Eqs. (3) and (4), the signal phase `lis given by the following expression:\ntan`l=Ima¡l\nRea¡l(5)\nHence, the use of the above-described procedure allows one to determine signal phase.\nThe above relationships, Eqs. (4) and (5), were derived by relating the spectral strengths at §llo-\ncations. It is possible to formally derive Eq. (4) by minimization of Eq. (1) as a function of al.T h e\nminimization is performed in the Appendix, together with the extension of the algorithm to noninteger l\nvalues. Note also that the use of the a§l’s computed from Eq. (4) permits complete subtraction of the\nspectral strengths at the §llocations; if the data consist of a single frequency, then one subtraction yields\na residual at the level of the machine round-ofi error or background noise, whichever is bigger.\nFor data modulated with several frequencies, multiple applications of the algorithm are necessary.\nEquations (1){(5) will apply, except that on the ( i+ 1)th iteration, DS(k) is replaced by a residual array\n(yi(k)) that has resulted from the ith iteration, yi(k)·yi¡1(k)¡P\n§a§lifS\n§li(k), whereliis the\noptimal index that minimizes Mlat theith iteration, yi¡1(k) is the residual array that has resulted from\nthe (i¡1)th iteration, and yo(k)·DS(k) is the Fourier transform of the original data. With multiple\niterations, it may sometimes be desirable to subtract the spectral peaks in fractions. That is (as is acommon practice in the application of the clean algorithm), one subtracts at each iteration only a fractionof the image that has been constructed by using the peak’s full strength. However, the phase relationshipbetween the subtracted a\n§l’s should be the same as that computed from Eq. (4). Sidelobes associated with\none frequency can contribute signal at another frequency. Subtracting the peaks in fractions permits oneto correct for sidelobe contributions associated with other signal frequencies. In any case, the algorithmflrst removes (or partially removes) the most intense component (including sidebands due to the window-gap structure), forms the residual array, and treats the residual as a new set of data. The process isiterated to yield a desired number of oscillatory components.\nIII. Results and Discussion\nTwo versions of the above-described general procedure have been implemented and tested on simulated\ndata. In the flrst version, the oscillatory signal that minimizes Eq. (1) consists of two integers, §l,a s\nin Eq. (3). This version works very well when all modulation frequencies are equal (or nearly equal) todiscrete multiples of 1 =T.I fTis the total length of the sampling sequence, then the spacing for the\n15 □□ □□ \nresolved frequencies is 1 =T, corresponding to the resolution parameter of ¿2=Tfor an oscillatory signal\nwith period ¿. Thus, this version provides a su–cient resolution for relatively high frequencies, say,\n¿<0:01T(in which case, the resolution is better than 1 percent). Because the strongest components are\nextracted flrst, the accuracy with which these components are extracted impacts the extraction success ofless intense components. The integer version works best when all (relatively rapid) modulation amplitudesare about the same order of magnitude. The second version of the algorithm searches for frequencies thatare not integer multiples of 1 =T(or, equivalently, the frequency indices are not integer multiples of 1 =N).\nThis version allows one, at the expense of increased CPU time, to determine the oscillatory frequencieswith greatly improved accuracy. This version must be used for analysis of data with strong low-frequencycomponents.\nA. Integer Frequency Index\nThe integer version was tested with success on many difierent types of simulated monochromatic as well\nas multifrequency signals; the modulations were imbedded in Gaussian noise. The success of frequencyextraction depends on the number of modulation frequencies, the length and structure of the samplingsequence (including length, number, and regularity of individual observational sessions), and noise level.\nFor a monochromatic signal (data sampled hourly), the modulation frequencies ranged from those\ncorresponding to periods of 4 hr to those corresponding to the length Tof the data sequence. Table 1\nsummarizes the results of the simulations for S(t\nn) consisting of 20 and 200 1-day-long, periodically\nrepeating sessions separated by several day-long gaps. The residual has been reduced to a backgroundlevel by using a single subtraction step for signal-to-noise amplitude ratios as low as 0.17 and 0.04,respectively, when the duty cycle was 1; the minimum values of the successfully extracted ratios were 0.3and 0.1, and 0.5 and 0.125, for the duty cycles of 0.2 and 0.1, respectively. Here, the duty cycle has beendeflned as the ratio of the number of days on which data were recorded to the total number of days inthe observation period (e.g., for a 1-day-long observation session registered on every 5th day, the dutycycle is 1/5). Results of simulations for nonperiodic sampling sequences were similar, except that theextraction tended to be successful even at somewhat higher noise levels. This is not unexpected, sinceconstructive interference (leading to strong sidelobes) is less.\nResults of simulation experiments for a signal consisting of several modulation frequencies are sum-\nmarized in Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 1. Eight oscillatory components (four in the semidiurnal band andfour in the diurnal band) with amplitudes varying by an order of magnitude between the strongest andweakest component were added to a background of Gaussian noise. Typical S(t\nn)’s consisted of 70, 140,\nand 740 1-day-long observation sessions (data sampled hourly) separated by 4-day- (duty cycle 0.2) and9-day-long (duty cycle 0.1) gaps. The noise amplitude was as high as 100 (the amplitudes of the oscilla-tory components ranged from 3 to 23). The amplitudes and relative phase of the simulated signals aresummarized in Table 2. To demonstrate the resolution for the extracted signals, the table also summa-rizes the results of the extraction process for the 140{data day, 0.2{duty cycle sampling sequence, withthe noise level equal to the amplitude of the strongest component. All eight components were extractedwithin their resolution accuracy (for T=2\n16hr, the resolution ¿2=T’0.002 and 0.008 for semidiurnal\nand diurnal bands, respectively) in eight iteration steps. Figure 1(a) shows the original data, and Figs.1(b), (c), and (d) show, respectively, the original, residual, and clean Fourier maps.\nResults of simulations for the same oscillatory components but difierent observation parameters are\nsummarized in Table 3. To investigate the efiect of excess iterations, the number of cleaning steps usedwas 10. In Table 3, the symbol sdesignates an oscillatory component extracted within its expected\nresolution, cdesignates an extraction of a previously extracted component, idesignates extraction at\none of the intermodulation frequencies, and ndesignates noise (any frequency higher than 1/6 h\n¡1was\nconsidered a noise). A component may be extracted twice (or several times) because of our use of the fullspectral strength D\nS(§l) [Eq. (4)] for the subtraction of the Fourier image. The strength DS(§l) consists\nof contributions from the lth oscillatory component as well as from sidelobes produced by other frequencies\n16 □□ \nTable 1. Extraction results for simulated mono-\nchromatic data.a\nMinimum extracted signal{\nnoise amplitude ratio\nDuty cycleNdata days\n20 200\n1‚0.17‚0.04\n0.2‚0.3‚0.1\n0.1‚0.5‚0.125\naThe listed numbers are the minimum val-\nues for the signal{noise amplitude ratio forwhich the extraction was successful. (Thesignal periodicity was ¿=1 1:9672 hr, data\nsampled hourly.)\nTable 2. Extraction results for simulated data with four oscillatory\ncomponents in the diurnal and four in the semidiurnal band.a\nPeriodicity, hr Relative amplitude Phase, deg\nSimulated data\n11.9672 17.0 126\n12.0000 8.6 9212.4206 3.7 8612.6583 3.2 103\n23.9345 23.0 200\n24.0659 7.0 24025.8193 19.0 6926.8684 5.3 230\nExtracted signals\n11.9679 16.4 13912.0007 9.2 10412.4215 4.1 10312.6591 4.2 106\n23.9357 22.8 205\n24.0676 6.0 24325.8219 20.0 8026.8700 6.2 243\naThe background noise relative amplitude was 30. The sampling\nsequence consisted of 140 data days separated by 4-day-longgaps (duty cycle 0.2). Data were sampled hourly; total numberof hour markers in the array was 2\n16). The frequencies were\nextracted within the resolution of 122=216and 242=216for the\nsemidiurnal and diurnal bands, respectively.\n17 \n–100DATA AMPLITUDE\n10\n510\n4100EXTRACTED FOURIER5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n+\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4TIME, hr\n5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr0\n5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr05000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr0Fig. 1. Results of simulation experiments: (a) the original data, (b) the original Fourier map, (c) the clean Fourier map, (d) the residual Fourier map for simulated data with four diurnal and four semidiurnal signals (parameters of Table 2) buried in the background of Gaussian noise. The noise level was 30, the duty cycle was 0.2, the number of data days was 270 (data sampled hourly). The signals were extracted in eight iteration steps.\n10\n41000FOURIER ORIGINAL\n10\n41000FOURIER RESIDUAL\n100(a)\n(c)(b)\n(d)0100 10\n5100\n18 □□ □□□ □\nTable 3. Extraction results for the same eight oscillatory\ncomponents as in Table 2 for periodically repeating observationalsessions.\nNdata daysNoise Duty\nlevel cycle\n740 140 70\n01 8 s,2c 8s,2c 8s,2i\n0.2 8 s,2c 8s,2c 8s,2c\n0.1 8 s,2c 8s,2c 7s,3c\n10 1 8 s,2c 8s,2c 8s,2i\n0.2 8 s,2c 8s,2c 8s,1c,1i\n0.1 1i,3s,5i,1s 8s,2c 8s,2i\n[5s,2c,3s)[ 8s,2c][ 8s,1c,1i]\n30 1 8 s,2c 8s,2n 6s,4n\n0.2 8 s,2c 7s,1i,2n 6s,1i,3n\n[8s,2c][ 8 s,2n][ 7s,3n]\n0.1 1i,3s,5i,1s 6s,2i,2n 5s,1i,4n\n[3s,1c,5s,1c][ 8s,2n][ 6s,1i,3n]\n100 1 6 s,2i,2n 4s,6n 3s,7n\n0.2 5s,1c,3i,1n 4s,1n,5i 3s,7n\n[6s,2n,2i][ 4s,1i,5n][ 3s,7n]\n0.1 3 s,1n,6i 3s,2n,5i 2s,3i,5n\n[5s,2c,3n][ 3s,7n][ 4s,2i,4n]\n(sidelobes produced by one frequency contribute spurious strength at other frequencies). Therefore, the\nuse of the full DS(§l) may add (or subtract) signal strength at the lth or other frequency. The appearance\nofc’s (cstands for correction) in Table 3 signifles that some of the excess strength has been recovered on\nsubsequent iteration of the algorithm (other side efiects may be errors at other frequencies or noise). Thenumber of successful extractions decreases with decreasing T, decreasing duty cycle, and increasing noise.\nIn Table 3, successful extractions range from all eight (low noise, long Tcase) to two components (70 data\ndays, a 0.1 duty cycle, noise amplitude of 100, corresponding to the minimum extracted amplitude{noiseratio of 0.2). For 140 and 740 data days, the critical amplitude{noise ratio is 0.1 and 0.07, respectively,when the duty cycle is 0.2; the ratio is somewhat less (higher) for higher (lower) duty cycles. Note thatin case of zero noise, the extraction was complete in most cases.\nBecause of high sidelobes, the most unfavorable situation for extraction is a periodic sampling sequence.\nIn Table 3, results are also listed (in square brackets) for nonperiodic sequences characterized by thenonperiodicity parameter ¾\npof about 1 (corresponding to randomly distributed observation sessions).\nHere,¾pis the normalized root-mean-square deviation of the separation pibetween the beginning times\nfor subsequent sessions,\n¾p·vuut1\nNdNdX\niµpi\n<p>¡1¶2\n(6)\nwhere<p> is the average separation, <p> =PNd\nipi=Nd, whereNdis the total number of (1-day-long)\nobservation sessions. The main efiect of a flnite (nonzero) ¾pis to somewhat suppress the height of the\nspectral peaks at the signal and gap intermodulation frequencies. The suppression is most efiective for\n19 □□ □ \nlong sampling sequences, because (for periodically repeating sessions) the sidelobes are biggest there. For\nexample, for 740 data days, a 10-percent duty cycle, and a noise level of 100, the randomization increased(Table 3) the number of extracted frequencies from 3 to 5. The randomization makes the extraction easierto obtain if the sampling sequence is long and random.\nIn the majority of the simulations, the optimal frequency index was found to coincide with the frequency\nof the highest spectral peak in the current Fourier map. Occasionally, however, the second or third (ortenth) strongest peak actually produced the smallest quadratic residual function M\nl, suggesting that\nduring the search for the optimal frequency, one should test some flnite number ( Np) of the biggest\nspectral peaks. For the sequences tested, we have found that Np•50 was quite su–cient. The fact that\nonly a relatively small number of candidate l’s need to be inspected makes the minimization of the Ml\nrather e–cient. For Npinspected peaks, the CPU time scales as Nc£Np£N£logN, whereNcis the\nnumber of iterations (typically not higher than several tens), and where N£logNis the scale factor for\nCPU time for FFT of data arrays of dimension N. (If all indices lwere to be tested, the CPU time would\nscale asNcN2logN, which for large arrays would be excessive.) For Nc=8 ,Np= 10, andN=1 018,\nthe CPU time was about 1 minute on a VAX 3000/400 and several minutes on a VAX 4000/90.\nB. Noninteger Frequency Index\nThe precision of the extracted frequencies afiects the accuracy of the extracted phase and, ultimately,\nthe success of retrieving oscillatory components with lower amplitudes. To improve the extraction accu-racy, the total length of the sampling sequence Tcan be increased (by padding it with zeroes) to a higher\npower of two. Or, if the array size is limited, a second version of the algorithm can be used that involvesnonintegral l’s. This noninteger version is especially useful if, in addition to high frequencies, the data\ncontain slowly varying signals (for ¿on the order of or longer than T, the resolution ¿\n2=Tresulting from\nthe use of the standard discrete FFT would be on the order of or greater than ¿itself). The use of the\nnoninteger algorithm allows for elimination of strong low-frequency components before the extraction ofhigh-frequency components.\nIf the data include frequencies not equal to an integer multiple of 1 =N, the residual is minimum for\na set§(l+¢l), where 0•¢l•1. The noninteger algorithm searches for the optimal ¢ lby using a\nnoninteger FFT together with a minimization scheme that does not require construction of derivatives.The main mathematical basis for the algorithm is described in the Appendix. The noninteger algorithmwas tested by using the same simulated data as for the integer algorithm. The results were similar in thatwhen one algorithm met with success, so did the other algorithm. The trade-ofi was a bigger array sizefor the integer algorithm versus longer CPU time for the noninteger algorithm. To achieve a fractionalaccuracy of –¿=¿ for an oscillatory signal with the period ¿, the array size (i.e., the total length of the\nsampling sequence T) used by the integer algorithm must be greater than ¿(¿=–¿ ). For the noninteger\nalgorithm, the required array size is less; however, the CPU time is increased due to the use of thesearch and minimization procedure that optimizes ¢ l. For the eight oscillatory components in Table 2,\nCPU time for the noninteger algorithm was typically a factor of 10 bigger, while the frequency accuracyincreased by one signiflcant place for the same array size in both algorithms.\nThe principal application of the noninteger algorithm is for spectral analysis of data with both rapid\nand slow modulations present. To simulate a train of hourly residuals of Earth orientation parametersobtained from reduced VLBI data, the simulated data consisted of the same four near-diurnal and fournear-semidiurnal oscillatory frequencies as in Table 2, superimposed on a slowly varying signal that wasrepresented by a sum of 1-month, 1-year, and 18-year periodic components. The signal was imbeddedin a background of Gaussian noise on the same order of magnitude as the strongest diurnal component.The extraction success depends on the length and structure of the sampling sequence, noise level, andthe number and amplitudes of low-frequency components. A typical sampling sequence consisted of 270data days (data sampled hourly) separated by 4-day-long gaps (with a corresponding duty cycle of 0.2and a total sampling sequence length of T= 3.5 yr). Table 4 summarizes the simulation parameters for\n20 □□ \nthree cases: In the flrst case, the amplitudes of the 1-month, 1-year, and 18-year components were 500,\n2000, and 0, respectively; in the second case, the amplitudes were 500, 2000, and 200,000, respectively;in the third case, the amplitudes were 500, 20,000, and 500,000, respectively. The noise level was 30, andthe eight diurnal and semidiurnal signals were the same as in Table 2 (amplitudes between 3.2 and 23).Figures 2, 3, and 4 show the corresponding original data and the original, residual, and clean Fouriermaps. On comparison, the flgures illustrate the efiect of the number and amplitudes of low-frequencycomponents on the success of extraction of high-frequency components.\nTable 4. Extraction results when the data also contained strong\nlow-frequency components (corresponding to Figs. 1, 2, 3,and 4).a\nRelative ampitudes of Iterations for extraction of\nlow-frequency components high-frequency components\n(18 yr): 0\n( 1y r ) : 0 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8\n(1 mo): 0\n(18 yr): 0\n(1 yr): 2,000 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11\n(1 mo): 500\n(18 yr): 200,000\n(1 yr): 2,000 11, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 31\n(1 mo): 500\n(18 yr): 500,000\n(1 yr): 20,000 26, 28, 31, 47, 53, 65, 72, 86\n(1 mo): 500\naThe listed numbers designate iterations that extracted one of the\nhigh-frequency components. The high-frequency componentsare the same as in Table 2, the number of data days was 270(data sampled hourly), the duty cycle was 0.2, and the noiselevel was 30.\nIn Figs. 2{4, iterative application of the algorithm has resulted in successful extractions of the diurnal\nand semidiurnal frequencies in all cases; however, the extraction process was lengthier (resulting in richerrecovered spectral content) when the number and amplitudes of the original low-frequency componentswere higher. In general, the algorithm flnds the strongest (in these cases, the low-frequency) componentsflrst. However, since the values of the extracted frequencies and phase are always somewhat in error (theaccuracy will eventually be limited by the available numerical accuracy), the efiect of errors in the valuesof the extracted parameters is made up by retrieving, in successive iterations, additional (false) frequen-cies, until the slow variations are matched su–ciently well for the high-frequency modulations to becomethe strongest Fourier components in the current residual map. This process of matching the time sequencewith a richer Fourier spectrum becomes more intricate with increasing amplitudes and complexity of theoriginal spectrum. In Fig. 2, the original spectrum contains no 18-year component. The high-frequencysignals were found immediately after the low (1-year and 1-month) frequency signals, except that (dueto a flnite length Tof the data array) the algorithm also found (as it usually does when variations on\na scale comparable to or longer that Tare present) a frequency ’1=T. In Figs. 3 and 4, the original\nspectrum includes an 18-year-long component with the amplitude four orders of magnitude higher than\n21 \n20001000\n0–1000–2000DATA AMPLITUDE\n10\n610\n510\n41000100EXTRACTED FOURIER5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4TIME, hr\n5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr0\n5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr05000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr0Fig. 2. Results for the same simulated data as in Fig. 1, but with the diurnal and semidiurnal components (Table 2) superimposed on a slowly varying signal with the amplitudes of 500 and 2000 for 1-mo and 1-yr periodic components respectively: (a) the original data, (b) the original Fourier map, (c) the clean Fourier map, (d) the residual Fourier maps.\n10\n710\n610\n510\n41000FOURIER ORIGINAL\n100\n10\n41000FOURIER RESIDUAL\n100(a)\n(c)(b)\n(d)\n22 10\n610\n510\n410\n7\n5 x 10\n5DATA AMPLITUDE\n10\n41000EXTRACTED FOURIER5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4TIME, hr\n5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr0\n5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr05000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr0Fig. 3. Results for the same simulated data as in Figs. 1 and 2, but with the diurnal and semidiurnal components (Table 2) superimposed on a slowly varying signal with the amplitudes of 500, 2000, and 200,000 for a 1-mo, 1-yr, and 18-yr periodic components respectively: (a) the original data, (b) the original Fourier map, (c) the clean Fourier map, and (d) the residual Fourier map.\n10\n910\n8FOURIER ORIGINAL\n10\n41000FOURIER RESIDUAL\n100(a)\n(c)(b)\n(d)10\n51.5 x 10\n52 x 10\n5\n10\n510\n610\n710\n810\n910\n101000\n23 \n5 x 10\n5DATA AMPLITUDE\n1000EXTRACTED FOURIER5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4TIME, hr\n5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr0\n5000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr05000\n10\n4\n1.5 x 10\n4\n2 x 10\n4\n2.5 x 10\n4\n3 x 10\n4FREQUENCY, 1/2\n15\n hr0Fig. 4. Results for the same data as in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, but with the diurnal and semidiurnal components (Table 2) superimposed on a slowly varying signal with amplitudes of 500, 20,000, and 500,000 for 1-mo, 1-yr, and 18-yr periodic components, respectively: (a) the original data, (b) the original Fourier map, (c) the clean Fourier map, and (d) the residual Fourier map.\n10\n10FOURIER ORIGINAL\n10\n41000FOURIER RESIDUAL\n100(a)\n(c)(b)\n(d)4 x 10\n53 x 10\n52 x 10\n510\n510\n910\n810\n710\n610\n5100010\n4\n10\n410\n510\n610\n710\n810\n910\n1010\n11\n24 □\nthe strongest diurnal component. The algorithm also flts the slow variations flrst. However, because the\nvariations are not flt exactly (the 18-year period was found with 2- and 3-percent accuracy in Figs. 3and 4, respectively, and the 1-year and 1-month periods were found with 0.7- and 0.1-percent accuracy,respectively), the algorithm continues to search for additional frequencies until the flt is su–ciently tight.In Figs. 3 and 4, the high frequencies were extracted at the 11th, 14th, 15th, 18th, 20th, 22nd, 25th,and 31st iterations, and at the 26th, 28th, 31st, 47th, 53rd, 65th, 72nd, and 86th iterations, respectively.Thus, the complexity of the low-frequency content will play a signiflcant role in establishing limits on thealgorithm applicability.\nIV. Summary and Conclusions\nA new algorithm has been developed for spectral analysis of sparse, irregularly sampled data with\nlow signal-to-noise ratios; the extracted parameters include frequency, phase, and amplitude of the signalcomponents. The algorithm identifles the strongest component as that component which when passedthrough the same sampling sequence as the original data produces a Fourier image that is best matchedto the current residual map. The algorithm has met with success in trials with simulated data, includingthose of a type similar to hourly residuals for Earth orientation parameters. The simulated data consistedof four near-diurnal and four semidiurnal oscillatory components with amplitudes varying by an order ofmagnitude. The background noise was on the same order of magnitude as the strongest high-frequencycomponent. The number of data days ranged from 70 to 740 (data sampled hourly), and the duty cyclefor the observation sessions varied between 1 and 0.1. Two versions of the algorithm were developed. Inthe integer version, the frequency solution is limited to 1 =T, whereTis the sampling sequence length.\nWith only the high-frequency components present in the data, the integer version was successful inextracting all components with an amplitude{noise ratio greater than about 0.2; the extraction successwas higher (less) for longer (shorter) data sequences and higher (lower) duty cycles. Sessions that arenot periodic make the extraction easier to achieve since the sidelobes (produced by the interference withthe average periodicity of the sessions) are less than for the periodic case. Sidelobes associated withone frequency can contribute signal at other frequencies. If the residual map has been constructed bycompletely subtracting the identifled spectral peak, the subtracted sidelobes can produce errors in thisand other estimates. The solution to this problem is to subtract the peak in fractions. That is, at multipleapplications of the algorithm, one subtracts from the current residual map only a fraction of the imagethat has been constructed by using the peak full strength. The efiect of subtracted fractions on theextraction results could be used to achieve confldence in the found solutions. Another test of confldencecan be obtained by modifying the observation strategy, e.g., by changing the duty cycle, the length ofthe sampling sequence, and the gap randomness. The frequency resolution can be increased by paddingthe data array with zeroes to a higher power of two (higher T).\nFor signal frequencies that are not integer multiples of the minimum discrete FFT frequency, the\nresidual map will be minimized by a noninteger frequency value. We have implemented (and tested)an algorithm version that searches for a noninteger frequency index. The resolution is greatly improvedover 1=Twithout requiring an increase in the array length. However, the CPU time is increased. In\nsimulations with diurnal and semidiurnal bands, the typical CPU time was longer by a factor of 10,while the extracted frequency accuracy increased by one signiflcant place relative to results obtainedwith the integer algorithm. Many real data also contain (in addition to the high frequencies) verystrong low-frequency components. Unless some other scheme is used to eliminate the slow variationsflrst, when applied, the algorithm flts the slowly varying signal with low frequencies before it searchesfor the high frequencies. The increase in the extraction accuracy comes at the expense of increasedCPU time. The CPU time is increased depending on the signal frequencies, strength, and number oflow-frequency components. Several types of simulated data with strong 18-year, 1-year, and 1-monthperiodic components were analyzed in detail in Section III.B (Figs. 2, 3, and 4). The accuracy of theextracted frequencies in°uences the e–ciency of retrieval of components with lower amplitudes.\n25 □□ □ \nFor uniformly spaced time markers, the CPU time scales as a constant £Nc£Np£N£logN, where\nNcis a number of iterations of the algorithm (to flnd multiple oscillatory components), Npi san u m b e r\nof candidate spectral peaks that must be inspected to minimize the residual sum, and Nis the array\ntotal size chosen as a power of 2. For 218time markers in the sampling sequence and eight cleaning steps,\ntypical CPU time for the integer algorithm was on the order of several minutes on a VAX-class machine.For the noninteger algorithm, the CPU time can exceed several hours, depending on the complexity ofthe overall frequency content.\nThe algorithm is currently applied to actual hourly Earth orientation parameters for the available\nInternational Radio Interferometric Surveying (IRIS), Crustal Dynamics Project (CDP), and DSN VLBIdata.\nAcknowledgments\nThe author is grateful to O. Sovers and C. Jacobs for encouragement and to R.\nGross for critical reading of the manuscript.\nReferences\n[1] W. H. Press, S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery, Numerical\nRecipes in Fortran , 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Ch. 13,\npp. 530{602, 1992, and references therein.\n[2] M. Lazrek and F. Hill, \\Temporal Window Efiects and Their Deconvolution From\nSolar Oscillation Spectra,\" Astron. Astrophys. , vol. 280, pp. 704{714, 1993.\n[3] J. A. Hogbom, \\Aperture Synthesis With a Non-Regular Distribution of Inter-\nferometer Baselines,\" Astron. and Astrophys. Supplement , vol. 15, pp. 417{426,\n1974.\n26 □□ □□□□ □\nAppendix\nSpectral Analysis for a Noninteger Frequency Index\nThe method outlined in Section II is frequently su–cient provided that the periodic components are\nsu–ciently few in number, well separated in frequency, not too disparate in the relative magnitude oftheir amplitudes, and not too corrupted by the presence of noise. If stressing conditions are present, themethod can be enhanced by introducing fractional frequencies. The Fourier map becomes a function ofthe fractional value ¢ l. An additional search is performed on ¢ lto identify the residual minimum by\nusing some standard function minimum-flnding algorithm.\nSimilarly to Eq. (1) of the main text, deflne the minimal function\nM\nl+¢l·NX\nkjDS(k)¡X\n§a§(l+¢l)fS\n§(l+¢l)(k)j2\n(A-1)\nwhere all terms have the same meaning as in Eq. (1) except that the second term on the right-hand side\nof Eq. (A-1) represents a signal at the candidate frequency !l+¢l=2…(l+¢l)=(N–t), andfS\nl+¢l(k)\nis the Fourier transform of fl+¢l(tn)S(tn), where the periodic function fl+¢l(tn)·exp(¡2…i(n(l+\n¢l)=N))S(tn).\nAs in the main text, the optimal value of l+¢lis found as that frequency which when flltered through\nthe same sampling sequence S(tn) as the original data provides the best match to the original Fourier\nmap. The algorithm computes the Fourier map, DS(k), selects a value of ¢ l,0•¢l•1, and, for the\nselected ¢l, computes the functions fS\nl+¢l(k). To evaluate Ml+¢l, the values of the amplitudes al+¢lare\ndetermined from the following least-square minimization principle:\n@Ml\n@a⁄m=NX\nk\"\nDS(k)¡X\n§a§(l+¢l)fS\n§(l+¢l)(k)#\nfS\nm⁄(k) = 0 (A-2)\nForm=§(l+¢l), Eq. (A-2) deflnes a linear system of two equations from which the optimal magnitudes\nof the unknown a§(l+¢l)’s are determined. By using these optimal a§(l+¢l)’s in Eq. (A-1), the algorithm\nsearches for an optimal lthat minimizes Ml. (Similar to that in the main text, this minimization is\nmost e–ciently achieved by inspecting several of the highest peaks in the original Fourier map.) Theabove-described procedure yields an optimal lfor any given ¢ l. The algorithm performs a systematic\nsearch for a ¢ lthat minimizes M\nl+¢las a function of ¢ lby using Brent’s method (it does not require\nconstruction of derivatives; see [1]).\nTo compute the various functions required in the evaluation of Eqs. (A-1) and (A-2), the following\nrelationships are used to minimize the number of the computations. Let Fdenote the discrete Fourier\ntransform operator. Then the Fourier transform of fl+¢l(tn)S(tn)i s\nfS\nl+¢l(k)·Fkh\ne¡2…in(l+¢l)\nNS(tn)i\n=NX\nne2…in(k¡l)\nNh\nS(tn)e¡2…in¢l\nNi\n=Fk¡lh\nS(tn)e¡2…in¢l\nNi\n·S(k¡l¡¢l) (A-3)\n27 □□ □□□□ □\nThat is to say, the kth Fourier component of fl+¢l(tn)S(tn)i st h e(k¡l)th Fourier component of\nS(tn)e x p¡2…i(n¢l=N).\nBy using relationships similar to those used to derive Eq. (A-3), Eq. (A-2) is simplifled:\nNX\nkfS\nl+¢l(k)fS\nm⁄(k)=NX\nk;n;n0S(tn)e2…in(k¡l)\nNS(t0\nn)e¡2…in0(k¡m)\nNe¡2…in¢l\nN\n=NX\nn;n0–n;n0S2(tn)e¡2…in¢l\nN=NS(m¡l¡¢l) (A-4)\nand, similarly,\nNX\nkDS(k)fS\nm⁄(k)=NDS(m) (A-5)\nBy using Eqs. (A-4) and (A-5), Eq. (A-2) simplifles to\nX\n§S(m¤(l+¢l))a§(l+¢l)=DS(m) (A-6)\nForm=§(l+¢l), Eq. (A-6) is solved for a pair of coe–cients a§(l+¢l). Note that for ¢ l= 0, Eq. (A-6)\nreduces to Eqs. (4a) and (4b) of the main text.\nOther useful relationships involve the evaluation of the noninteger Fourier components of the sampling\nfunctionS(tn):\nS(k+¢l)=Fkh\nS(tn)e2…in¢l\nNi\n(A-7)\nS(2(l+¢l)) =F2lh\nS(tn)e4…in¢l\nNi\n(A-8)\nDS(l+¢l)=Flh\nF¡1\nn[DS(k)]e¡2…in¢l\nNi\n(A-9)\nThe use of Eqs. (A-3){(A-5) and (A-7){(A-9) minimizes the number of computations required to\nrecompute Eqs. (A-1) and (A-6) at each iteration step to minimize Ml.\n28"
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"pdf_file": "D5XGVE6OSPKS2ELNCRDRBFZ4XQNNAYA7.pdf",
"text": "Ballooning Bureaucracy\nOver the last 9 months, we have seen a drastic increase in government spending, deficits, and\ndebt. You will often see or hear pundits and TV personalities opining about these metrics in\nrelation to the size of government. However, you don’t often hear about another important\nmetric relative to the expansion of government, and that is the growth of the federal\nbureaucracy.\n \nSince the President passed his massive non-stimulating stimulus bill, it has proven to have\nbeen largely ineffective and inefficient. But several government agencies have made hires just\nto oversee the stimulus spending, and the federal workforce has ballooned by 15.6% since\n2006. \n \nIn his request for the stimulus bill, the President said:\n \n“As soon as I took office, I asked this Congress to send me a recovery plan by Presidents’ Day\nthat would put people back to work and put money in their pockets. Not because I believe in\nbigger government – I don’t.” \n \nHowever, actions speak louder than words and President Obama has been the vanguard of\nbigger government, making now routine incursions into virtually every level of private life from\nstudent loans to health care. The point here is simple, as the government grows, liberty\ndeclines, and inevitably the taxpayer and the rest of the economy suffer.\n \nAs Ronald Reagan once said:\n \n“No government ever voluntarily reduces itself in size. Government programs – once launched\n– never disappear, Actually, a government bureau is the nearest thing to eternal life we’ll ever\nsee on this Earth.”\n 1 / 1"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "AHJAUKMSCN4OI3FPBHSLQVQSDTKBIHI3.pdf",
"text": "National Take-Back Initiative\nWednesday, 15 September 2010 13:18\nWe are becoming increasingly aware of contamination in our rivers, creeks and streams that\noccurs when we \"flush\" unwanted or unused pharmaceuticals. On Saturday, Septemeber 25th,\nthe Drug Enforcement Adminsitration, in partnership with local law enforcement agencies, are\nsponsoring a national drug take back event from 10:00 am -2:00 pm. Events are planned\nthroughout Oregon and all around the US.\n \nYou can find the drug take back event being planned in your local area by using the search\nengine at the link below. Please dispose of your unwanted drugs in this environmentally sound\nmanner.\n \nhttp://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/takeback/\n \n 1 / 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "YW5EG7WIE6SVR7TIUOYEPKFDDV6OENFK.pdf",
"text": "17821 CFR Ch. III (4±1±98 Edition) §1403.23\n(2) Reasonable fees or profit to cost-\ntype contractors but not any fee or\nprofit (or other increment above allow-\nable costs) to the grantee or sub-\ngrantee.\n(b) Applicable cost principles. For each\nkind of organization, there is a set of\nFederal principles for determining al-\nlowable costs. Allowable costs will be\ndetermined in accordance with the cost\nprinciples applicable to the organiza-\ntion incurring the costs. The following\nchart lists the kinds of organizations\nand the applicable cost principles.\nFor the costs of aÐ Use the principles inÐ\nState, local or Indian tribal\ngovernment .OMB Circular A±87.\nPrivate nonprofit organization\nother than (1) institution of\nhigher education, (2) hos-\npital, or (3) organization\nnamed in OMB Circular A±\n122 as not subject to that\ncircular.OMB Circular A±122.\nEducational institutions ..........OMB Circular A±21.\nFor-profit organizations other\nthan a hospital and an or-\nganization named in OMB\nCircular A±122 as not sub-\nject to that circular .48 CFR part 31. Contract\nCost Principles and Proce-\ndures, or uniform cost ac-\ncounting standards that\ncomply with cost principles\nacceptable to the Federal\nagency.\n§1403.23 Period of availability of\nfunds.\n(a) General . Where a funding period is\nspecified, a grantee may charge to the\naward only costs resulting from obliga-\ntions of the funding period unless car-\nryover of unobligated balances is per-\nmitted, in which case the carryover\nbalances may be charged for costs re-\nsulting from obligations of the subse-\nquent funding period.\n(b) Liquidation of obligations . A grant-\nee must liquidate all obligations in-\ncurred under the award not later than\n90 days after the end of the funding pe-\nriod (or as specified in a program regu-\nlation) to coincide with the submission\nof the annual Financial Status Report\n(SF±269). The Federal agency may ex-\ntend this deadline at the request of the\ngrantee.\n§1403.24 Matching or cost sharing.\n(a) Basic rule: Costs and contributions\nacceptable . With the qualifications and\nexceptions listed in paragraph (b) of\nthis section, a matching or cost shar-ing requirement may be satisfied by ei-\nther or both of the following:\n(1) Allowable costs incurred by the\ngrantee, subgrantee or a cost-type con-\ntractor under the assistance agree-\nment. This includes allowable costs\nborne by non-Federal grants or by oth-\ners cash donations from non-Federal\nthird parties.\n(2) The value of third party in-kind\ncontributions applicable to the period\nto which the cost sharing or matching\nrequirements applies.\n(b) Qualifications and exceptions Ð(1)\nCosts borne by other Federal grant agree-\nments. Except as provided by Federal\nstatute, a cost sharing or matching re-\nquirement may not be met by costs\nborne by another Federal grant. This\nprohibition does not apply to income\nearned by a grantee or subgrantee from\na contract awarded under another Fed-\neral grant.\n(2) General revenue sharing . For the\npurpose of this section, general revenue\nsharing funds distributed under 31\nU.S.C. 6702 are not considered Federal\ngrant funds.\n(3) Cost or contributions counted to-\nwards other Federal cost-sharing require-\nments. Neither costs nor the values of\nthird party in-kind contributions may\ncount towards satisfying a cost sharing\nor matching requirement of a grant\nagreement if they have been or will be\ncounted towards satisfying a cost shar-\ning or matching requirement of an-\nother Federal grant agreement, a Fed-\neral procurement contract, or any\nother award of Federal funds.\n(4) Costs financed by program income.\nCosts financed by program income, as\ndefined in § 1403.25, shall not count to-\nwards satisfying a cost sharing or\nmatching requirement unless they are\nexpressly permitted in the terms of the\nassistant agreement. (This use of gen-\neral program income is described in\n§1403.25(g).)\n(5) Services or property financed by in-\ncome earned by contractors. Contractors\nunder a grant may earn income from\nthe activities carried out under the\ncontract in addition to the amounts\nearned from the party awarding the\ncontract. No costs of services or prop-\nerty supported by this income may\ncount toward satisfying cost sharing or\nmatching requirement unless other\nVerDate 09<APR>98 15:24 Apr 16, 1998 Jkt 179074 PO 00000 Frm 00174 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\179074.TXT 179074-3"
} |
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"pdf_file": "44PBM3B5SUUOF74NERNZAUH2PBBU5SPB.pdf",
"text": "ExhibitWCC-I\nW.CraigConwell\n405Hammett Road\nGreer,SC29650\n(864)268-5306\nconwells@hellsouth.nct\nIndependent Consnltant 1996-2008\nMr.Coowellprovides professional servicesrelatedtotelecommunications costanalysis. Theseservices\nincludethefollowing:\n•Supporting wircless carriersinnegotiations andarhitrations ofreciprocal compensation rateswith\nincumbent localcxehange carriers (lLECs). Thisinvolves reviewing [LECcoststudiesfor\ncompliance withFCCrulesforreciprocal compensation andgivingexperttestimony beforestate\nregulatory commissions.\n•Perf()fIl1ing coststudiesandllnancial analyses usedhy[LECsinthevaluation oftheirtelephone plant\nfortaxpurposes.\n•Performing coststudiesfortelecommunications serviccs, sucbasDigitalSubscriber Line(DSL),\nhostedVoiceoverlntcmetProtocol (Vo[P),FrameandAsynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM)services\nandothers.Thestudiesareusedinproductplanning, pricingandcostmanagement.\n•Providing analytical supportandadvicetowireless carriersontheestablishment ofstateUniversal\nServiceFunding mechanisms.\n•Providing adviceandassistance totelephone companies onthedevelopment ofcostmodelsfor\nestimating plantinvestments, capitalcostsandoperating expenses.\nInaddition, Mr.Conwell hastaughtcoursesintelecommunications costanalysis.\nArthurAndersen &Co. 1989-1996\nMr.Conwell servedasafirm-wide expertontelecommunications eostaccounting andprovided adviceto\nconsulting teamsworking fortelephone companies intheUSandoverseas oncost-related projects. These\nprojectsincluded thefollowing:\n•Reviewing Bellcore's Switching CostInformation System(SCIS)fortheECCinitsOpenNetwork\nArchitecture proceeding. SCISwasusedbytheregional BellOperating Companies (RBOCs) to\ndevelopswitching elementcosts.\n•Performing abenchmark comparison ofUS-Canadian tollcostsandtestifying beforetheCanadian\nRadioandTelecommunications Commission (CRTC) ondifferences between USandCanadian toll\ncosts. •Developing a\"valuedriver\"approach foridentifying keyperformance rneasures usingactivity-based\ncosting. Theapproach wasusedinconsulting projects withtelephone companies toimprove\nperformance measurement.\n•Advising onthedesignoftelephone company costaccounting systemsusedtomeasure servicecosts.\n•Developing andteaching forsixyearsaservicecostcoursesponsored bytheUnitedStatesTelephone\nAssociation. Thecoursewasattended bystudents Iromtelephone companies, regulatory bodiesand\nothercompanies inthetelephone industry.\nVoltDeltaResources 1988-1989\nMr.Conwell workedforthePresident ofVoltDeltaResources andassisted inplanning andbusiness\ndevelopment fordatabase services offeredtotelephone companies. Healsoparticipated inthe\ndevelopment ofanewcostaccounting systemforaBellOperating Company.\nSouthCentralBelliAT&T 1974-1987\nMr.Conwell beganworkwithSouthCentralBellin1974inEngineering whereheproduced coststudies\nforpricingtelephone services. In1979,hewaspromoted todistrictmanager andtransferred toAT&T\nwhereheparticipated inoperations reviewsofservicecostingandratemaking procedures acrosstheBell\nOperating Companies.\nIn1981,Mr.Conwell waspromoted todivisionmanager asmemberoftheAT&Tplanning andfinancial\nmanagement staffthatanalyzed business plansforAT&T's OfficeoftheChairman. Suhsequently, he\nservedasadivision controller inAT&TInformation Systems anddivision manager inAT&TGeneral\nBusiness Systems responsible formarketing andsaleschannelsupport.\nEducatiou\nBachelor ofIndustrial Engineering tromAuburnUniversity (1972). MastersofScienceinIndustrial\nEngineering (Operations Research) fromAuburnUniversity (1974)."
} |
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"text": "34699 Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 126 / Friday, June 29, 2001 / Notices\nDated: June 22, 2001.\nLaVerne Y. Stringfield,Director, Office of Federal Advisory\nCommittee Policy.\n[FR Doc. 01 –16334 Filed 6 –28–01; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 4140 –01–M\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND\nHUMAN SERVICES\nNational Institutes of HealthNational Heart, Lung, and Blood\nInstitute; Notice of Closed Meeting\nPursuant to section 10(d) of the\nFederal Advisory Committee Act, asamended (5 U.S.C. Appendix 2), noticeis hereby given of the followingmeeting.\nThe meeting will be closed to the\npublic in accordance with theprovisions set forth in sections552b(c)(4) and 552b(c)(6), Title 5 U.S.C.,as amended. The grant applications andthe discussions could discloseconfidential trade secrets or commercialproperty such as patentable material,and personal information concerningindividuals associated with the grantapplications, the disclosure of whichwould constitute a clearly unwarrantedinvasion of personal privacy.\nName of Committee: National Heart, Lung,\nand Blood Institute Special Emphasis Panel,Demonstration and Education Research GrantApplications (R18s).\nDate: July 10 –11, 2001.\nTime: 12:30 pm to 1 pm.\nAgenda: To review and evaluate grant\napplications.\nPlace: Chevy Chase Holiday Inn, Chevy\nChase, MD 20815.\nContact Person: Louise P Corman,\nScientific Review Administrator, ReviewBranch, Room 7180, Division of ExtramuralAffairs, National Heart, Lung, and BloodInstitute, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, MD 20892.\nThis notice is being published less than 15\ndays prior to the meeting due to the timinglimitations imposed by the review andfunding cycle.\n(Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance\nProgram Nos. 93.233, National Center forSleep Disorders Research; 93.837, Heart andVascular Diseases Research; 93.838, LungDiseases Research; 93.839, Blood Diseasesand Resources Research, National Institutesof Health, HHS)\nDated: June 22, 2001.\nLaVerne Y. Stringfield,Director, Office of Federal Advisory\nCommittee Policy.\n[FR Doc. 01 –16335 Filed 6 –28–01; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 4140 –01–MDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND\nHUMAN SERVICES\nNational Institutes of HealthNational Heart, Lung, and Blood\nInstitute; Notice of Closed Meeting\nPursuant to section 10(d) of the\nFederal Advisory Committee Act, asamended (5 U.S.C. Appendix 2), noticeis hereby given of the followingmeeting.\nThe meeting will be closed to the\npublic in accordance with theprovisions set forth in sections552b(c)(4) and 552b(c)(6), Title 5 U.S.C.,as amended. The contract proposals andthe discussions could discloseconfidential trade secrets or commercialproperty such a patentable material, andpersonal information concerningindividuals associated with the contractproposals, the disclosure of whichwould constitute a clearly unwarrantedinvasion of personal privacy.\nName of Committee: National Heart, Lung,\nand Blood Institute Special Emphasis Panel,The Framingham Heart Study RFP –NHLBI –\nHC–01–02.\nDate: July 10, 2001.\nTime: 9 am to 11:30 am.\nAgenda: To review and evaluate contract\nproposals.\nPlace: Chevy Chase Holiday Inn, Chevy\nChase, MD 20815.\nContact Person: Louise P. Corman,\nScientific Review Administrator, ReviewBranch, Room 7180, Division of ExtramuralAffairs, National Heart, Lung, and BloodInstitute, National Institutes of Health,Bethesda, MD 20892 –7924.\nThis notice is being published less than 15\ndays prior to the meeting due to the timinglimitations imposed by the review andfunding cycle.\n(Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance\nProgram Nos. 93.233, National Center forSleep Disorders Research; 93.837, Heart andVascular Diseases Research; 93.838, LungDiseases Research; 93.839, Blood Diseasesand Resources Research, National Institutesof Health, HHS)\nDated: June 22, 2001.\nLaVerne Y. Stringfield,Director, Office of Federal Advisory\nCommittee Policy.\n[FR Doc. 01 –16336 Filed 6 –28–01; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 4140 –01–M\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND\nHUMAN SERVICES\nNational Institutes of HealthNational Heart, Lung, and Blood\nInstitute; Notice of Closed Meeting\nPursuant to section 10(d) of the\nFederal Advisory Committee Act, asamended (5 U.S.C. Appendix 2), notice\nis hereby given of the followingmeeting.\nThe meeting will be closed to the\npublic in accordance with theprovisions set forth in sections552b(c)(4) and 552b(c)(6), Title 5 U.S.C.,as amended. The grant applications andthe discussions could discloseconfidential trade secrets or commercialproperty such as patentable material,and personal information concerningindividuals associated with the grantapplications, the disclosure of whichwould constitute a clearly unwarrantedinvasion of personal privacy.\nName of Committee: National Heart, Lung,\nand Blood Institute Special Emphasis Panel,Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and BloodDiseases.\nDate: July 18, 2001.\nTime: 1:30 pm to 2:30 pm.\nAgenda: To review and evaluate grant\napplications.\nPlace: 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD\n20892, (Telephone Conference Call).\nContact Person: Anne P Clark, NIH,\nNHLBI, DEA, Review Branch, Rockledge II,6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 7202, Bethesda,MD 20892 –7924, 301/435 –0310.\nThis notice is being published less than 15\ndays prior to the meeting due to the timinglimitations imposed by the review andfunding cycle.\n(Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance\nProgram Nos. 93.233, National Center forSleep Disorders Research; 93.837, Heart andVascular Diseases Research; 93.838, LungDiseases Research; 93.839, Blood Diseasesand Resources Research, National Institutesof Health, HHS)\nDated: June 22, 2001.\nLaVerne Y. Stringfield,Director, Office of Federal Advisory\nCommittee Policy.\n[FR Doc. 01 –16337 Filed 6 –28–01; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 4140 –01–M\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND\nHUMAN SERVICES\nNational Institutes of HealthNational Heart, Lung, and Blood\nInstitute; Notice of Closed Meeting\nPursuant to section 10(d) of the\nFederal Advisory Committee Act, asamended (5 U.S.C. Appendix 2), noticeis hereby given of the followingmeeting.\nThe meeting will be closed to the\npublic in accordance with theprovisions set forth in sections552b(c)(4) and 552b(c)(6), Title 5 U.S.C.,as amended. The grant applications andthe discussions could discloseconfidential trade secrets or commercialproperty such as patentable material,and personal information concerning\nVerDate 11<MAY>2000 18:18 Jun 28, 2001 Jkt 194001 PO 00000 Frm 00092 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\29JNN1.SGM pfrm04 PsN: 29JNN1"
} |
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"text": " \n \n \n \nGOVERNOR ROBERT L. EHRLICH, JR. \n“FACE S OF MARYL AND” SPE ECH \nJoint Sess ion of the Mar yland Gener al Assem bly \nJanuary 29, 2003 \n \nSenate Pres ident Mik e Miller ; Spea ker Mike Bu sch; Mem bers of the General Assem bly; \nLt. Governor Steele; Chief Judge Bell; Judge Vau ghan; Atto rney General J oe Curran; \nTreasurer Nancy Kopp; Com ptroller W illiam Donald Schaef er; m embers of Congress; \ncounty executives and mayors; special gue sts; friends and fellow Marylanders: \n \nWhat a trem endous honor it is to be standing before you today as Maryland’s governor. \n \nI am so happy to be here – back with m y friends in the Maryland General Assem bly. \n \nThere are so m any good, hard work ing people on both sides of the aisle – all eager to do \nwhat’s right for the citizens of Maryland. \n \nI served here for eight years – a trem endous experience for a young legislator. I’ll \nalways cherish the tim e I spent here. \n \nI made great friends and benefited from great mentors. Many still serve in this body, and \nothers have joined m y adm inistration. \n \nI experienced how the legislativ e process works, as well as th e importance of princip led \ncooperation. \n \nI observed and participated in serious debates about issue s that matter to e very citiz en: \ncrime, drugs, education, healthcare, transporta tion, tort reform, the Chesapeake Bay, and \njuvenile justice. \n \nThe Maryland General Assem bly represents ev erything that a citizen legislatu re shou ld \nbe: diverse, colleg ial, effectiv e, inform ed and vigilant. Serving here prepared m e for the \nchallenges and dem ands of being an effective pu blic s ervant. \n \nTo all th e freshm en m embers of the Assem bly, I encourage you to savor this experience. \nI also encourage you to m ake the most of it. You can do that by getting to know some of \nthe veteran m embers. Neither party has a m onopoly on talent in th is legislature. \n \nMany of the people in this room represent th e best of public service: I would like to \nsingle out seven of these l ong-serving m embers today. \n 1 \nTogether these m embers have won 126 races and served a total of 225 years in this \nhistoric Assem bly. \n \nPlease s tand as I call you r nam e. \n \n- Delegate W ade Kach: 28 years of service. \n- Delegate Joe Valla rio: 28 years of service. \n- Delegate Hattie N. Harris on: 30 years of service. \n- Delegate John Arnick: 31 years of service. \n- Delegate Pauline Menes: 36 years of servic e. \n- Senator Norm an Stone: 40 years of service. \n- Senate Pres ident Mik e Miller : 32 years of service. \n \nIt’s appropriate to celebra te public service, and the thoughtful people who choose to \nserve. They sym bolize what is good and decent about th is historic citizen legislatu re, and \nwe thank them. \n \nMaryland continues to be an intellectual force powe ring the region. W e possess \nexceptional institutions of higher education such as Johns Hopkins University and the \nUniversity of Maryland. \n \nIn the field of m edical resear ch, Maryland is an internationa l leader, as dem onstrated by \nthe world-renowned Johns Hopkins Medicine, University of Maryland Medical System s, \nand National Institutes of Health. \n \nFurther, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and the Natio nal Aquariu m in Baltimore \nboth speak to the state’s reputa tion as a science center. \n \nThe Port of Baltim ore is world fa mous, and we are the center of the biotechnology \nuniverse. \n \nOur citizens are highly educated, and our per ca pita personal incom e is the sixth highest \nin the na tion. \n \nAs citizens of Maryland, we have a lot in whic h we can take pride. Still, there are a reas \nin which we can do better. \n \nWe need to m ake our streets and co mmunitie s safer. Accor ding to FBI statistics, \nMaryland continues to be one of the most violent states in the nation. \n \nFurther, the link between crim e and drugs remains unbreakable. A 2001 study perform ed \nat Baltim ore City’s central booking f acility found that nearly three-qu arters of arrestees \ntested positive for at least one drug. \n \n 2 \nWhile the need for drug treatm ent program s is high, the need is not currently being m et. \nPresently, th ere are 7,50 0 taxpayer-funded treatm ent program s in Baltimore City, and an \nestim ated 55,000 people requiring treatm ent. \n \nWhen it com es to the environm ent, th ere are challenges wa iting for us, too. \n \nDespite m illions of dollars invested in environm ental clean up, the health of the \nChesapeake Bay is precarious. \n \nA 2002 study by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation found that the Bay’s health, which \nscored 27 out of 100 in 1998, achieved the sam e low score in 2002. \n \nYou’ve heard m e recite a num ber of statistics. Statis tics are serious business. \nSometimes, they can be downright scary. Bu t let m e ask you to set them aside for a \nmom ent, and consider the people behind the numbers. \n \nMany of the issues facing us seem so difficult, so intractab le, that we lose sight of the \nhuman face associated w ith th eir challenges. \n \nSometimes we need to see – to touch – to f eel – the real im pact of these issues on the \nlives of citizens in order to better understand them. \n \nSitting in fro nt of you today are five indivi duals who help us put a “Maryland face” on \nthese issues. Listen to th eir stories; they encom pass so m any lessons that can help us \nachieve a better plac e to live, grow, work, and prosper. \n \nFirst, I’d like you to m eet Captain Bob Newberry. \n \nCaptain Bob is 45 years old and li ves in Crum pton, Maryland. \n \nHe has been a Marylander since 1966, when his fa mily m oved to Queen Anne’s County \nfrom Philadelphia. \n \nCaptain Bob has been a waterm an since he wa s 15 years old. For him , being a waterm an \nmeans “having som ething in your blood, and never hating to go to work.” \n \nToday he fishes, crabs, harvests oysters, fa rms, and operates one of the few aquaculture \nfarms on the Eastern Sho re. \n \nThree years ago, he took on extra wo rk as a part-tim e charter boat captain because it w as \nbecom ing more difficult to ear n his livelihood through fishing. \n \nNew regulations have harm ed his ability to do his job. A sign ificant d rop in the Bay’s \noyster and crab populations are al so threatening his industry. \n \nSeveral years ago, the value of his av erage daily oyster catch was up to $2000. \n 3 \nToday, a typical catch falls within the $400 - $500 range. \n \nHe fears that next yea r’s oyster ha rvest will b e the worst eve r. \n \nThe blue crab is not faring m uch better. \n \nCrabs have becom e increasingly difficult to catch since the 1980s. The fem ale crab \npopulation has declined an estim ated 80 pe rcent since then, and the Chesapeake Bay \nFoundation reports that the risk to the re maining population is “high and increasing.” \n \nCaptain Bob is not the only person w hose livelihood has suffered as a result. \n \nThere are 7,000 licensed fisherm en who earn th eir livelihood from the sea in Maryland. \nThey are res ponsible for an estim ated 1 m illion p ounds of harvest annually, repres enting \n$86 m illion in annual in come and 3,168 jobs. \n \nMany feel that they have been unfairly blam ed for the plight of the Bay. \n \nThey note that the poor water quality has killed off underwa ter sea grasses, leaving crabs \nvulnerable to predatory fish. \n \nThey report that the oyster populatio n is sufferin g because sh ells are no t being \nreplenished. \n \nThese hardy individuals are the stew ards of our environm ent. Many live their entire lives \non its banks. They have an intim ate appreciati on of its beauty, its species, its problem s, \nand its v itality. \n \nIt is tim e to stop blam ing them , and to sta rt listening to th em. \n \nOne day, in the not too distant future, there may be no fish, oysters, or crabs unless we \nachieved m easurable progress in cleaning up the Bay. That m eans upgrading the 66 \nmajor m unicipal s ewage trea tment plants th at cleanse its wate rs. \n \nMy capital b udget m akes a $95 m illion down paym ent in this area. That’s a good start, \nbut we will clea rly need additiona l resources to g et the job do ne. \n \nWe will nee d to secur e more dolla rs from the f ederal gov ernment in order to com plete \nthis c ritical task. That must be a join t effort betw een the Asse mbly and this \nadministration. \n \nThe Chesapeake Bay is central to ou r iden tity. It perm eates every aspect of our \neconom ic, ecological, recreational life. Its he alth affects the livelihood and well being of \nevery Maryland fa mily. \n \n 4 \nWe’ve heard the phras e “politics end s at th e water’s edge” a lot since 9/11. I believe that \nsentim ent ap plies to the waters of th e Chesapeak e Bay as well. \n \nI believe that we can protect it without unduly penalizing the good pe ople who earn their \nlivelihood from it. \n \nNow, I’d like you to m eet Adela Acosta, principal of Cesar Chavez Elem entary School in \nPrince George’s County. \n \nWe’ve heard the phras e “no child left behind” in recen t years. Adela was the stud ent \nwho sim ply would not allow herself to be left behind. \n \nAdela was born in Puerto Rico, and later imm igrated to New York’s Spanish Harlem . \n \nWhen she enrolled in kindergarten at the age of five, she found it a very scary experience. \n \n“A foreign language enveloped m e,” she woul d later write. “E nglish sounded like rocks \ndropping in a river. My teachers seem ed to thi nk that if they spoke to m e in a very lou d \nvoice I would understand what they were saying.” \n \nEventually, her teachers labeled her as learni ng impaired, and she was placed in a special \neducation class in firs t grade. \n \nFortunately, a social worker discovered her, and she was sent to St. Paul’s parochial \nschool. There she learned the joy and power of reading as a m eans of comfort and \nescape. \n \nHer fortunes improved, but she faced other obs tacles. \n \nHer father – a heroin addict – becam e blind as the result of a beating by neighborhood \nbullies. Adela becam e his surrogate eyes, read ing to him , tending to his needs. In effect, \nshe becam e his teacher. \n \nOne day, she inform ed her eigh th grade teach er that she wanted to teach o ne day. The \nteacher advised her to g o into show busine ss because – and I quote – “yo u people are so \ngood at it.” \n \nFortunately, Adela decided to follow her heart instead. \n \nShe went on to earn an underg raduate degree in Secondary E ducation from the University \nof Kansas, and a Master of Science in Edu cation Degree from the University of Kansas. \n \nShe has begun doctoral studies in E ducation Le adership at Nova Sout heaste rn Univ ersity \nin Florid a. \n \nToday, the girl once dism issed as learning-im paired is a na tionally recog nized educator. \n 5 \nPresident Bush appointed her to the Comm ission on Excellence in Special Education. \nAnd First Lady Laura Bush – a form er teacher herself – nam ed her a National Role \nModel for Education Refor m. \n \nIn 1999 she helped open Cesar Chavez Elem entary School. As principal, she presides \nover a diverse student body: 47 percent Hi spanic, 49 percent African Am erican, and 4 \npercen t white. Ninety-n ine percent of her students rece ive Title I funding. \n \nThe girl whose potential was once overlooked by her teachers is now looking out for new \ngenerations of disadvantaged students. \n \nBecause of Adela, no ch ild is left behind at Cesar Chavez! \n \nAdela’s exp eriences as a student and an educat or have taught her som e important lessons. \n \nShe knows that social prom otion policy only hu rts kids and sends the wrong m essage to \ntaxpayers. \n \nShe knows that every student should com pete on a level playing field, and that fully \nfunding the Thornton Comm ission’s recomm endations is cr itical to her m ission. \n \nI agree with Adela. That is why our budget increases education aid $242 m illion – \ninclud ing $1 48 m illion u nder the Tho rnton f ormula. \n \nShe and I both support the es tablishm ent of another comm ission – Thornton II – devoted \nto an exam ination of education policy in Maryland. Lieutenant Governor Steele will lead \nthis im portant effort! \n \nFinally, s he supports a real ch arter school bill that will encou rage com petition in ou r \npublic school system . Passing charter school legi slation is one of m y top priorities for \nthis session. \n \nIt is tim e for this Assem bly to ena ct a char ter schools bill with teeth – one that will give \ndisadvantaged students the opportunity to pursu e their dream s. I ask you to do so this \nyear. \n \nNow let m e introdu ce yo u to Keith D ay. \n \nKeith is a 45 years old fam ily m an. He and his wife Devorah live in Baltim ore. They’ve \nbeen m arried 14 years and have three children. \n \nKeith works as Assistant Manager at the Sh eraton Inner Harbor Hotel, where he was \nnamed Employee of the Year back in 2001. He is a m ember of the New Shiloh Baptist \nChurch. \n \n 6 \nKeith’s story is sim ilar to those of tens of thousands of hard working Marylanders. But \nthings haven’t always gone easily for Keith. \n \nFor 25 years, Keith battled an addiction to heroin. His addiction was so powerful and \ndestruc tive that he spen t three y ears living on th e stree ts of Baltim ore. \n \nHis life changed when he connected with the Helping Up Mission, a faith-based \norganiz ation based in Ba ltimore. \n \nEach year, the m ission serves 150,000 m eals a nd provides 55,000 beds to poor citizens. \n \nHowever, the m ission provides m uch m ore than a warm meal and a bed. It serves hope \nas well. \n \nThe m ission’s innovative spiritual recovery pr ogram enables addicts to find the path \ntowards re covery, em ploym ent, and bette r life skills. \n \nThe results s peak for them selves: pro gram graduates have an 80 percent chance of being \nemployed and sober a year later. \n \nNow Keith is clean, sober, and helping people battle their own addi ctions by volunteering \nat in the m ission. \n \nCongratulations, Keith \n \nGun violence – dom estic abuse – sexually tr ansm itted disease – lack of ed ucation al \nopportunity – overcrowding in our crim inal justice system - over-representation of \nminority youth in prison – all are dir ectly related to our drug culture. \n \nIt cuts through every line in our society. \n \nIt does not care about who you are – or what you do – the color of your skin – or the size \nof your bank account. \n \nIt does no t discrim inate on the bas is of race, creed, or color. \n \nIt makes us bleed. \n \nIt des troys f amilies – an d futures. \n \nIt strikes fear in the heart of every parent. \n \nI am the parent of a three-year-old – I am scared! \n \nOur budget spends nearly $136 m illion on alcoh ol and drug treatm ent pro grams – a 4.2 \npercent increase over last year in FY 04. \n 7 \nThis is a good start, but we can – and m ust – do better. \n \nWe m ust work together to get non-violent drug offenders out of jail and into treatm ent \nprogram s, where they belong. \n \nWe m ust stress early diversion initiatives. We need to stop routinely condem ning so \nmany young offenders to the adult crim inal justice system through incarceration and \nneglect. \n \nWe will enc ourage f aith organiz ations of every denom ination to of fer trea tment \nprogram s. \n \nFaith-based initiatives can achieve on a ti ny budget results that the federal governm ent \nand state of Maryland have been unable to duplicate despite spendi ng billions of dollars. \n \nLieutenant Governor Steele will lead this effort. It will involve every subdivision in our \nState – it is a priority for our adm inistration. \n \nIt’s tim e to f acilita te success, and to empower the problem solvers in our society. \n \nNow, let’s m eet Michael Taylor. \n \nMichael was born in Baltim ore in 1958, and attended Hillend ale Elem entary School. \nWhen he was 12 years o ld, he was placed in the Rosewood Center. \n \nMichael spent the next three decades of his lif e locked away in institu tions. \n \n“While I was in Rosewood, I didn’t have m y freedom ,” Michael later said. “I couldn’t \ndecorate m y room the way I wanted. I couldn’t call people on the phone without \nperm ission. I was not happy there.” \n \nThe cost of being institutiona lized in Maryland f or 30 years is conservatively es timated at \n$1.6 m illion . \n \nBut we can’t calcu late th e cost it ex acted on Michael’s quality of life. \n \nMichael was released from Rosewood just four years ago. H e began working for the \n“Living Free Cam paign” and “Stand Up a nd Speak Out” – two groups that prom ote \nfreedom and em powerment f or the institu tionalized. \n \nOn April 16, 2002, Michael did som ething he had been waiting to do his entire life. \n \nHe m oved into his very own apartment. \n \nHe calls his new apartm ent, located in To wson, his “Freedom Pad,” because nobody else \nlives there. \n 8 \nAs Michael gained his freedom , his life started to flourish. \n \nHe secured a new job with “Best Buddies of Maryland”. His activism has earned him \nawards from the State Independent L iving Council, Baltim ore County Commission on \nDisabilities, and ARC of Mary land. He also lobbies on beha lf of the disabled, so m any \nof you m ay know hi m already. \n \nMichael Tay lor is an American success story. \n \nHe is a Maryland success story. \n \nAnd he is a success s tory for any individual who faces obstacles and ch alleng es in h is \nlife. \n \nHe embodies the success and wisdom of our i nvestm ent in community-based services. \n \nMy 2004 budget includes im portant program s that will help people in sim ilar \ncircum stances live with independence, digni ty, and self-sufficiency. These include: \n \n• $5.2 m illion for the Tran sition ing Yo uth Program to help you th with disab ilities \ngraduate from school into productive living and working environm ents \n• $6.9 m illion to fund the Developm ental Dis abilities W aiting List to g et people th e \nservices they need now \n• $3.1 m illion to respond to em ergencies faced by fam ilies in crisis, su ch as when \nan older parent caring for their adult child can no longer provide that care \n• $16 m illion to increase the wages th at pers onal care workers receive to as sist \nthose with d isabilities to ensu re a high quality of care. \n• In total, funding for community services for individuals with developmental \ndisabilities increas es by $38.3 m illion for FY 2004 \n \nOther im portant funding initiatives I have pr oposed assist Marylanders with comm unity-\nbased initiatives, including: \n \n• For Seniors : $7.3 m illion for 1,000 addition al placem ents for the Med icaid Older \nAdults W aiver to m ove people out of nur sing homes and back into their hom es. \n \n• For Youth: $1 m illion f or a Juvenile Services Dr ug Court Initia tive to help \nMaryland ’s youth get th e drug treatm ent they need without needless ly filling up \nstate juven ile facilities. \n \n• For people with m ental illn ess: An ove rall $66 m illion increase for FY 03 and FY \n04 for the Mental Hygiene Adm inistrati on community services budget. This \nmoney will help res tore our public mental h ealth system to ensure that it cares for \npeople in the community again. \n 9 \n• An overall $ 66 m illion increas e for FY 03 and FY 04 f or the Menta l Hygiene \nAdm inistration commun ity services budget \n \nThis is a new day in Maryland. \n \nWe must usher all Ma rylanders into the 21st Century by m oving people out of institutions \nand into co mmunities, where they live, lear n, work and thrive like everyone else. \n \nIt is tim e to give every Marylander the tool s and opportunities to m ake their own choices. \n \nOur last guest is not with us today. \n \nRio-Jarell T atum was the son of John S. Tatum and Roxanne Servance. \n \nThey raised the kind of kid that would m ake any parent proud. \n \nRio graduated from Baltim ore’s Polytechnic Ins titute’s rigo rous A Course in June 20 01. \n \nAt Poly, he was captain of the baseball and soccer team s. People rem ember his b lazing \nfastball as well as seem ing inexhaustibility on the athletic field. Others recall his polite, \nconfident, self-assured m anner. \n \nBut his acad emic prowess stands ou t the m ost. He was a m ember of the National Ho nor \nSociety, earning an incredible 3.97 grade point average. In Septem ber 2001 he entered \nPenn State with a full scholarship. \n \nOn May 26, 2002, an arm ed robber shot Rio on a Baltim ore street. He died at Shock \nTraum a. \n \nI wish I’d had the chance to m eet this exceptional young m an. \n \nThe things that m ade a big difference in his li fe – sports, scholarships, and fa mily – also \nimpacted m ine. \n \nHere is a k id who did everyth ing rig ht, yet still b ecam e a victim of the gun violence \nsweeping our state’ s largest city. \n \nRio’s story should be a wake-up call for all of us. \n \nAs long as g un-toting crim inals roam our st reets and communities, no on e – not even the \nbest and brightest am ong us – is saf e. \n \nThat is why it is tim e to bri ng Project Exile to Maryland. \n \nDuring its first year in R ichmond, Vi rginia, Proj ect Exile cut violent cr ime in half. It is \ntime we bring this successf ul program to Maryland, too. \n 10 \nThank you, John Tatum and Roxanne Servance, for joining us here today. \n \nThese are ju st a f ew of the f ascinatin g people I m et during the journey that ultim ately \nbrought Kendel, Drew, Michael, Andrea, and I to Annapolis. \n \nAs we go about the business of getting our fiscal house in order and m aking difficult \ndecis ions ab out spendin g priorities, let’s keep in mind these, and so many other faces of \nMaryland w ho depend on us to protect them from injustice – provide a cleaner \nenvironm ent – guarantee a quality education – provide tem porary assistance when needed \n– and m ake our streets safer. \n \nWe have an opportunity and an oblig ation to do great things in each of th ese critical \nareas. For that to happ en, we m ust fully em brace the sp irit o f cooperatio n I first \nencountered in these halls as a young legislator so m any years ago. \n \nThat spirit has stayed with m e throughout m y public service career, and I am pleased to \nhave the opportunity to bring it back here. \n \nOf course, we will dis agree a t times – som etimes vigorous ly. But I am conf ident the se \ndisagre ements will no t underm ine our ability to a chieve p rogress. \n \nThat is what the citizen s of Maryland deserve. \n \nMaryland faces problems that are daunting, not insurm ountable. None will s tand when \nconfronted with the energy and enterpri se of the people in this room . \n \nI look forward to workin g closely with each of you. Together we have the chance to \nchange Maryland. \n \nThank you and God bless you. \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 11"
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"pdf_file": "EKWVDOMQ3BRDHPPTHV47A37AY2NUS7XK.pdf",
"text": "CC-CAVE001- 18 Exhibit G : Transition Page G -1 \n \nV8.2013 EXHIBIT G \nTRANSITION TO A NEW CONCESSIONER \n \nSEC 1. GENERAL \nThe Director and the Concessioner hereby agree that, in the event of the expiration or termination of this \nContract for any reason (hereinafter “Termination” for purposes of this Exhibit) and the Concessioner is not \nto continue the operations authorized under this Contract after the Termination Date, the Director and the \nConcessioner in good faith will fully cooperate with one another and with the new concessioner or concessioners selected by the Director to continue such operations (“New Concessioner” for purposes of this \nexhibit), to achieve an orderly transition of operations in order to avoid disruption of services to Area visitors \nand minimize transition expenses. \nSEC. 2. COOPERATION PRIOR TO THE TERMINATION DATE \nAt such time as the Director may notify the Concessioner that it will not continue its operations upon the \nTermination of this Contract, the Concessioner, notwithstanding such notification, shall undertake the \nfollowing tasks. \n(a) Continue Operations \nThe Concessioner shall continue to provide visitor services and otherwise comply with the terms of the \nContract in the ordinary course of business and endeavor to meet the same standards of service and quality \nthat were being provided pr eviously with a view to maintaining customer satisfaction. \n(b) Continue Bookings \n(1) The Concessioner shall continue to accept all future bookings for any hotel, lodging facilities, or other \nfacilities and services for which advance reservations are taken . The Concessioner shall not divert any \nbookings to other facilities managed or owned by the Concessioner or any affiliate of the Concessioner. The \nConcessioner shall notify all guests with bookings for any period after the Termination Date that the New \nConcessioner will operate the facilities and services. \n(2) Promptly following notification to the Concessioner by the Director of the selection of the New \nConcessioner, the Concessioner shall provide the New Concessioner with a copy of Concessioner’s \nreservation log for visitor services as of the last day of the month prior to the selection of the New \nConcessioner. The Concessioner thereafter shall update such log on a periodic basis (but no less frequently \nthan 30 days) until the Termination Date. The r eservation log shall include, without limitation, the name of \neach guest, and the guest’s address, contact information, dates of stay, rate quoted, amount of advance \ndeposit received, and confirmation number, if applicable. \n(c) Designating a Point of Conta ct and Other Actions \n(1) The Concessioner shall designate one of the Concessioner’s executives as the point of contact for \ncommunications between the Concessioner and the New Concessioner. \n(2) The Concessioner shall provide the New Concessioner with acce ss to all Concession Facilities, including \n“back -of-house areas”. The Concessioner also shall provide the New Concessioner copies of the keys to all \nConcession Facilities. \n(3) The Concessioner shall provide the Director and the New Concessioner full acc ess to the books and \nrecords, licenses, and all other materials pertaining to all Concession Facilities and the Concessioner’s \noperations in general. \n(4) The Concessioner shall provide the Director and the New Concessioner with copies of all maintenance \nagreements, equipment leases (including short -wave radio), service contracts, and supply contracts, including CC-CAVE001- 18 Exhibit G : Transition Page G -2 \n \nV8.2013 contracts for on -order merchandise (collectively “contracts”), and copies of all liquor licenses and other \nlicenses and permits (collectively “lice nses”). \n(5) The Concessioner shall allow the New Concessioner to solicit and interview for employment all of the \nconcessioner’s salaried and hourly employees, including seasonal employees, through a coordinated process implemented by the Concessioner. \n(6) The Concessioner shall not enter into any contracts or agreements that would be binding on any \nConcession Facilities or concession operations in general after the Termination Date without the prior written \nagreement of the New Concessioner. \n(d) Financ ial Reports \nWithin 30 days after receipt of the notification of the selection of the New Concessioner, The Concessioner \nshall provide the New Concessioner with a financial report with respect to the operation of the Concession \nFacilities and the Concession er’s operations in general as of the last day of the month prior to receipt of such \nnotification. The Concessioner, thereafter, shall update such financial report on a periodic basis (but no less \nfrequently than 30 days) until the Termination Date. Such financial report shall include, at a minimum: a \nbalance sheet for the Concession Facilities, if any; a schedule of pending accounts payable; and a schedule of \npending accounts receivable. \n(e) Personal Property List \nThe Concessioner shall provide the New Concessioner with a complete, detailed, and well -organized list of \nphysical inventory, supplies, and other personal property owned or leased by the Concessioner in connection \nwith its operations under the Contract (including a list of such items that are on order) The Concessioner must provide the list to the New Concessioner within 30 days following receipt of the notification of the \nselection of the New Concessioner. The Concessioner, thereafter, shall update the list on a monthly basis. \nThe Concessione r shall designate those items that the Concessioner believes are essential to maintaining the \ncontinuity of operations or the special character of the concession operations. The Concessioner shall assist \nthe New Concessioner in reviewing and validating the list. \n(f) Other Information and Reports \nThe Concessioner shall provide the New Concessioner with all other information and reports as would be \nhelpful in facilitating the transition, including, without limitation, a list of maintenance records for the \nConcessioner’s operations for the period of one year prior to notification of the selection of the New \nConcessioner. The Concessioner must also provide complete information on the following to the New \nConcessioner: utilities, including gas and electric; telephone service; water service; and specific opening and \nclosing procedures. The Concessioner must provide all such information within 30 days after receipt of \nnotification of the selection of the New Concessioner and update the information periodically (but no less \nfrequently than 30 days) until the Termination Date. \n(g) Other Cooperation \nThe Concessioner shall provide the Director and the New Concessioner with such other cooperation as \nreasonably may be requested. \nSEC. 3. COOPERATION UPON THE TERMIN ATION DATE \nUpon the Termination Date, the Concessioner shall undertake the following activities. \n(a) Transfer of Contracts and Licenses \nThe Concessioner shall cooperate with the transfer or assignment of all contracts and licenses entered into by \nthe Conc essioner that the New Concessioner elects to assume. CC-CAVE001- 18 Exhibit G : Transition Page G -3 \n \nV8.2013 (b) Reservation Systems \nThe Concessioner shall cooperate with the transfer of reservation information by: \n(i) Providing the New Concessioner with an update of the reservation log through the Terminati on \nDate; \n(ii) Disconnecting its operations from the Concessioner’s centralized reservation system, if any; and \n(iii) Assisting the New Concessioner in transitioning to the New Concessioner’s reservation system. \n(c) Fees and Payments \nNo later than 10 days after the Termination Date, the Concessioner shall provide the Director with an \nitemized statement of all fees and payments due to the Director under the terms of the Contract as of the \nTermination Date, including, without limitation, all deferred, acc rued, and unpaid fees and charges. The \nConcessioner, within 10 days of its delivery to the Director of this itemized statement, shall pay such fees and \npayments to the Director. The Concessioner and the Director acknowledge that adjustments may be requir ed \nbecause of information that was not available at the time of the statement. \n(d) Access to Records \nThe Concessioner shall make available to the Director for the Director’s collection, retention, and use, copies \nof all books, records, licenses, permits, and other information in the Concessioner’s possession or control that \nin the opinion of the Director are related to or necessary for orderly and continued operations of the related \nfacilities and services, notwithstanding any other provision of this Contract to the contrary. \n(e) Removal of Marks \nThe Concessioner shall remove (with no compensation to Concessioner) all items of inventory and supplies as \nmay be marked with any trade name or trademark belonging to the Concessioner within 30 days after \nTermination. \n(f) Other Cooperation \nThe Concessioner shall provide the Director and the New Concessioner wit h such other cooperation as \nreasonably may be requested. "
} |
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"pdf_file": "LXT3XRV7OPUDA54NZCRFZW7KHFWU4Y3D.pdf",
"text": " \n \nU.S. Department East Building, PHH – 30 \nof Transportation 1200 New Jersey Avenue, Southeast \n Washington, D.C. 20590 \nPipeline and Hazardous \nMaterials Safety Administration \n \n \nSPECIAL PERMIT AUTHORIZATION \n \nDOT-SP 14175 \n \nEXPIRATION DATE: July 31, 2018 \n \n \n \nGRANTEE: WestAir Gases & Equipment Inc. \n National City, CA \n \nIn response to your July 23, 2014 application for r enewal of DOT-\nSP 14175, the grantee status to DOT-SP 14175 for We stAir Gases & \nEquipment Inc. is hereby renewed in accordance with 49 CFR \n§ 107.109. \n \nCopies of this special permit may be obtained by ac cessing the \nOffice of Hazardous Materials Safety Homepage at \nhttp://hazmat.dot.gov/sp_app/special_permits/spec_p erm_index.htm . \nThe most recent revision of the special permit supe rsedes all \nprevious revisions of the special permit. Photo re productions \nand legible reductions of this special permit are p ermitted. Any \nalteration of this special permit is prohibited. \n \nIf you have questions regarding this action please call the \nOffice of Hazardous Materials Special Permits and A pprovals at \n(202)366-4535. \n \nIssued in Washington D.C. on August 27, 2014 . \n_________________________ \nfor Dr. Magdy El-Sibaie \nAssociate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Saf ety \n "
} |
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"pdf_file": "H3YJPSWC5CGCS3UTEG67HNN7OKMXDA3I.pdf",
"text": "As Mock Trial Championships Begin, Rothman Renews Call to Allow Students of All\nFaiths to Compete\n\r\n\t\r\n\tFor Immediate Release: May 12, 2006\n\r\n\t\n\r\n\tContact: Kimberly Allen, (202) 226-8364; (202) 420-1524 [cell]\n\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tAs Mock Trial Championships Begin, Rothman Renews Call to Allow Students of All Faiths to Compete\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tCongressional letter sent as 2006 competition begins without accommodations for religious students. \r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t(Washington, DC)— On Thursday, Congressman Steve Rothman (D-NJ) led a bipartisan group of U.S.\nRepresentatives in calling on the Board of Directors of the National High School Mock Trial Championships to allow\nstudents of all faiths to participate in this annual competition without violating the practices of their religion. The 2006\nchampionship round began yesterday morning in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. This is the first competition that has\noccurred since the Board voted in October 2005 not to make any future accommodations for students who observe the\nSabbath on Friday and/or Saturday.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\"It is not our intent that the conference should be rescheduled or even restructured in a significant way. Rather, we are\nlooking for a statement of understanding from you that demonstrates a willingness to allow students of all faiths to\ncompete without violating the practices of their religion,\" wrote Rothman and 15 other lawmakers who co-signed the letter\nto the Mock Trial Board of Directors. \"The competition's schedule… negatively affects an increasing number of\nstudents from various religious backgrounds in the United States, including Christians, Jews, and Muslims who observe\nthe Sabbath on Friday or Saturday.\"\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tLast year, satisfactory accommodations were made by the Board to allow students from the Torah Academy of Teaneck,\nNew Jersey to compete without violating their religious practices. The matches involving Torah Academy, which is an\northodox Jewish school, were scheduled in such a manner that all participants were able to compete in the\nchampionships without inconveniencing any of the other student groups or disrupting the competition as a whole.\nHowever, this year the Board has refused to make such accommodations again, which has prompted two state teams to\nwithdraw in protest, including one from New Jersey and one from North Carolina, and start their own alternative mock\ntrial competition that does make accommodations for religious students.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tIn the letter, Rothman reminded the Board of his Congressional Resolution (H.Res.600), which calls on the Board to\naccommodate the religious beliefs of all students participating in the competition. The bill has 53 bi-partisan co-sponsors\nand has the support of Democratic Leadership in the House of Representatives.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\"It is our hope that the Board will revisit its decision to refuse any future accommodations for students who observe the\nSabbath on Friday and/or Saturday and instead, make all allowances in this and future competitions that enables all\neligible students to participate, regardless of their religion,\" the lawmakers wrote.\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\tA full copy of the letter and legislation is available online at: http://rothman.house.gov/pdf/mocktrial.pdf .\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t###\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\n\rThe Online Office of Congressman Steve Rothman\nhttp://www.rothman.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 2 December, 2009, 11:44 \t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n\r\nThe Online Office of Congressman Steve Rothman\nhttp://www.rothman.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 2 December, 2009, 11:44"
} |
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"pdf_file": "SX6JO3YFA3C6TW6WORGN6LZKGLO3K2QJ.pdf",
"text": "TriCaucus Calls on National Networks to Increase Diversity in Daily and Weekly News Programs\nMonday, 21 May 2007 00:00\n \nWashington, DC – Today, members of the TriCaucus, comprised of the Congressional Black\nCaucus (CBC), Congressional Hispanic Caucus (CHC), and Congressional Asian Pacific\nAmerican Caucus (CAPAC), called on national news networks to increase diversity on their\ndaily and weekly news programs. Members of the TriCaucus cited two recent Media Matters for\nAmerica studies, “Locked Out: The lack of Gender and Ethnic Diversity on Cable News\nContinues” and “SUNDAY SHUTOUT-The Lack of Gender & Ethnic Diversity on the\nSunday Morning Talk Shows,” which show lack of gender and ethnic diversity on the Sunday\nmorning talk shows and on America’s cable news networks’ daily news shows.\n \n“As an African American woman and sixth term member of Congress, I have supported—and\nwill continue to support—increased opportunities for all minorities and women in mass media.\nWe must demand that networks and other media organizations implement policies and\npractices that promote diversity and inclusion,” said Congresswoman Carolyn C. Kilpatrick,\nChair of the CBC . “Diversity is America’s\nstrength. We need to ensure that networks provide minorities and women with employment\nopportunities that increase their numbers not only in front of the camera, but also in\ndecision-making positions behind the camera. We must work in collaboration with colleges and\nuniversities to offer training, mentoring, internship, and scholarship programs that encourage\nminorities and women to pursue careers in the media.”\n \n“Millions of people depend on national cable news for information on our nation and our world,”\nsaid Congressman Joe Baca, Chair of the CHC . “These studies show a troubling trend about\nthe lack of gender, racial, and ethnic diversity in our news. Now that the Hispanic community\nhas grown to become the largest minority, this trend becomes even more alarming. News\nexecutives have a responsibility to assure that diversity has a home in their newsrooms and in\ntheir programming, and I will work with my colleagues in the TriCaucus to help news networks\nrise to this challenge.”\n \n\"I commend Media Matters for America for producing its recent reports on diversity on\nbroadcast and cable news programs,\" said Congressman Mike Honda (CA-15), Chair of\nCAPAC . \"The findings were astounding and showed\nlack of gender, racial, and ethnic diversity across the board. The results for the Asian American\nand Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities were dismal. On NBC's Meet the Press, CBS's Face\nthe Nation, and Fox Broadcasting Company's Fox News Sunday, zero percent of guests on\nthese programs in 2005 and 2006 were AAPI. Broadcasts programs should reflect and\nshowcase the incredible talent that exists within all our diverse communities. I plan to work with\nthe Congressional Hispanic Caucus and the Congressional Black Caucus to hold broadcast\nnetworks accountable to improve diversity on these influential shows.\"\n 1 / 2 TriCaucus Calls on National Networks to Increase Diversity in Daily and Weekly News Programs\nMonday, 21 May 2007 00:00\n \n It is apparent that only during a debate on gender and race do we see meaningful\nimprovements in diversity.\n \nKEY FINDINGS- from daily cable news shows:\n \n - On shows airing on cable news networks CNBC, CNN, CNN Headline News, MSNBC,\nand Fox News between 4 p.m. and midnight, there are 35 hosts and co-hosts—29 are men and\n6 are women, and all 35 are white. \n - In the three weeks covered by the study, less than 2 percent of the guests on CNN, Fox\nNews, and MSNBC were Latino, despite the fact that one out of every seven Americans is\nLatino. Almost half of that small number of Latino guest appearances were by Geraldo Rivera. \n \n - Excluding African-Americans, in the three weeks covered by the study, Latinos,\nAsian-Americans, and members of other ethnic groups never made up more than 5 percent of\nthe guests on any of the three cable news networks--CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC. \n \n - On none of the networks, in none of the weeks studied, did women comprise at least half\nof the guests appearing. In some cases, they represented as little as one-fifth of all guests. \n \n \nKEY FINDINGS from Sunday morning news shows:\n \n - NBC’s Meet the Press, ABC’s This Week, CBS’ Face the Nation, and Fox Broadcasting\nCo.’s Fox News Sunday – feature guest lists that are overwhelmingly white and overwhelmingly\nmale. \n - Overall, men outnumber women on Meet the Press, This Week, Face the Nation, and Fox\nNews Sunday by a four-to-one ratio on average. \n - Overall there were nearly seven white guests for every guest of any other race/ethnicity on\naverage. On Meet the Press and Face the Nation, there were nearly nine white guests for every\nguest of another race/ethnicity on average. \n - The top-rated Sunday show – Meet the Press – shows the least diversity of all. The NBC\nprogram is the most male and nearly the most white (it gets beaten out by Face the Nation by 1\npercent.) \n 2 / 2"
} |
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"pdf_file": "AJUCXMX47JIFDGYJLPX5YLA7W3N4IXSV.pdf",
"text": " \nEMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF RHODE ISLAND \n \nRules and Regulations Subcommittee \nTuesday March 2, 2010 \n9:00 a.m. \n1st Floor Conference Room, 40 Fountain Street \n \n \nI. Call to Order \nII. Roll Call of Members \nIII. Discussion and recommendation to promulgate the draft changes to the following rules: \n Regulation No.1 - General Administrative Rules of the Retirement \nBoard \n Regulation No. 4 - Rules of Practice and Procedure for Hearings \nin Contested Cases \n Regulation No. 9 - Rules pertaining to the application to receive \nan Ordinary or Accidental Disability Pension \nIV. Discussion and recommendation to prom ulgate a draft rule regarding the \ndefinition of Police Officer and Firefighter. \nV. Discussion of Article 7 Substitute A as Amended relating to changes \naffecting Correctional Officers. \nVI. New Business \nVII. Adjournment "
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "WKV7AU2LDGPX23BEIRXYFBX5XRDTVGV6.pdf",
"text": "Halliburton Unit Reportedly Finds Company Cost Controls \"Weak\"\n Reps. Waxman and Dingell request a copy of Halliburton's internal \"Tiger Team\" memo which\nreportedly describes major deficiencies in the company's accounting and control systems. Doc\numents and Links\n \n - Letter to Halliburton \n 1 / 1"
} |
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"pdf_file": "EALKFLTU3UCBB6QBUNJKABNLGIJTRP7B.pdf",
"text": "MESSAGE NO: MESSAGE DATE: \n MESSAGE STATUS: CATEGORY: \nTYPE: PUBLIC NON-PUBLIC \nS U B - T Y P E : FR CITE: FR CITE DATE: \nREFERENCE \nMESSAGE # (s): \nCASE #(s): \n \nEFFECTIVE DATE: COURT CASE #: PERIOD OF REVIEW: TO \nPERIOD COVERED: TO \n \n7340114\n01/01/1995\n✔\nLIQ-Liquidation\nC-533-063\nActive\n FR\n12/31/1995\n12/05/1996\nCountervailing\nMessage Date: 12/05/1996 Message Number: 7340114 Page 1 of 6 Notice of Lifting of Suspension Date:\n \n \nTO: { Directors Of Field Operations, Port Directors }\n \nFROM: { Director AD/CVD & Revenue Policy & Programs }\n \nRE: AUTOMATIC LIQUIDATION FOR CERTAIN IRON-METAL CASTINGS FROM INDIA (C-\n533-063) FOR THE PERIOD 1/1/95-12/31/95\n \n MESSAGE NO: 7340114 DATE: 12 05 1996 \n CATEGORY: CVD TYPE: LIQ \n REFERENCE: REFERENCE DATE: \n CASES: C - 533 - 063 - - \n - - - - \n - - - - \n \n PERIOD COVERED: 01 01 1995 TO 12 31 1995 \n \n LIQ SUSPENSION DATE: \n \n TO: CMC DIRECTORS, \n PORT DIRECTORS \n \n FROM: DIRECTOR, IMPORT OPERATIONS \n \n RE: AUTOMATIC LIQUIDATION FOR CERTAIN IRON-METAL CASTINGS \n FROM INDIA (C-533-063) FOR THE PERIOD \n 1/1/95-12/31/95 \n \n1. THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DID NOT RECEIVE A REQUEST FOR AN \n ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW OF THE COUNTERVAILING DUTY ORDERS ON \n CERTAIN IRON-METAL CASTINGS FROM INDIA (C-533-063) FOR THE \n PERIOD 1/1/95 - 12/31/95. \n \n2. THE MERCHANDISE COVERED BY THESE INSTRUCTIONS IS CERTAIN \n IRON-METAL CASTINGS FROM INDIA (C-533-063). THESE PRODUCTS \n INCLUDE INDIAN MANHOLE COVERS AND FRAMES, CLEAN-OUT COVERS \n AND FRAMES, AND CATCH BASIN GRATES AND FRAMES. THESE \nMessage Date: 12/05/1996 Message Number: 7340114 Page 2 of 6 ARTICLES ARE COMMONLY CALLED MUNICIPAL OR PUBLIC WORKS \n CASTINGS AND ARE USED FOR ACCESS OR DRAINAGE FOR PUBLIC \n UTILITY, WATER, AND SANITARY SYSTEMS. DURING THE REVIEW \n PERIOD, SUCH MERCHANDISE WAS CLASSIFIABLE UNDER THE \n HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE (HTS) ITEM NUMBERS 7325.10.0010 \n AND 7325.10.0050. \n \n3. THEREFORE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 355.22(G) OF THE \n COMMERCE REGULATIONS, YOU ARE TO ASSESS COUNTERVAILING \n DUTIES AT RATES EQUAL TO THE CASH DEPOSIT OF ESTIMATED \n COUNTERVAILING DUTIES REQUIRED AT THE TIME OF ENTRY SUMMARY \n ON THE SPECIFIED SUBJECT MERCHANDISE EXPORTED ON OR AFTER \n DECEMBER 1, 1995 AND ON OR BEFORE DECEMBER 31, 1995. \n \n4. THE RATES OF ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING DUTIES WHICH WERE \n REQUIRED TO BE DEPOSITED ARE: \n \n CERTAIN IRON-METAL \n CASTINGS \n FROM INDIA \n MANUFACTURERS CASE NUMBER PERIOD RATE \n ALL FIRMS C-533-063 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n R.B. AGARWALLA C-533-063-001 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n CARNATION C-533-063-002 1/1/95-8/28/95 16.10% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n CRESCENT C-533-063-003 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n \n GOVIND C-533-063-004 1/1/95-8/28/95 20.21% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n KAJARIA C-533-063-005 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \nMessage Date: 12/05/1996 Message Number: 7340114 Page 3 of 6 8/29/95-12/31/95 16.14% \n \n RSI C-533-063-006 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n SERAMPORE C-533-063-007 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n KEJRIWAL C-533-063-008 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n SELECT C-533-063-009 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n UMA C-533-063-010 1/1/95-8/28/95 16.22% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n COMMEX C-533-063-011 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n SUPERCASTINGS C-533-063-012 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n 8/29/95-12/31/95 41.75% \n \n TIRUPATI C-533-063-013 1/1/95-8/28/95 20.21% \n INTERNATIONAL 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n RAGHUNATH PRASA C-533-063-014 1/1/95-8/28/95 20.21% \n PHOOLCHAND LTD. 8/29/95-12/31/95 5.12% \n \n DINESH BROTHERS, C-533-063-015 1/1/95-8/28/95 2.48% \n PVT. LTD. 8/29/95-12/31/95 ZERO \n \n5. THE ASSESSMENT OF COUNTERVAILING DUTIES BY THE CUSTOMS \n SERVICE ON SHIPMENTS OR ENTRY SUMMARIES OF THIS MERCHANDISE \n IS SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 778 OF THE TARIFF \n ACT OF 1930. SECTION 778 REQUIRES THAT CUSTOMS PAY INTEREST \n ON OVERPAYMENTS, OR ASSESS INTEREST ON UNDERPAYMENTS, OF THE \n REQUIRED AMOUNTS DEPOSITED AS ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING \nMessage Date: 12/05/1996 Message Number: 7340114 Page 4 of 6 DUTIES. THE INTEREST PROVISIONS ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO CASH \n OR BONDS POSTED AS ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING DUTIES BEFORE THE \n DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE COUNTERVAILING DUTY ORDER. \n INTEREST SHALL BE CALCULATED FROM THE DATE OF PAYMENT OF \n ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING DUTIES THROUGH THE DATE OF LIQUIDATION. \n THE RATE AT WHICH SUCH INTEREST IS PAYABLE IS THE RATE IN EFFECT \n UNDER SECTION 6621 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1954 FOR \n SUCH PERIOD. \n \n6. THE SUSPENSION OF LIQUIDATION ORDERED FOR THIS MERCHANDISE \n EXPORTED ON OR BEFORE 12/31/95 IS LIFTED. SUSPENSION OF \n LIQUIDATION FOR ALL ENTRY SUMMARIES OF THIS MERCHANDISE \n EXPORTED AFTER 12/31/95 WILL CONTINUE. \n \n7. IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS MATTER BY CUSTOMS \n OFFICERS, PLEASE CONTACT VIA E-MAIL, THROUGH THE APPROPRIATE \n SUPERVISORY CHANNELS, IMPORT OPERATIONS, \n ANTIDUMPING/COUNTERVAILING DUTY, USING ATTRIBUTE 'HQ OAB'. \n THE IMPORTING PUBLIC AND OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES SHOULD \n CONTACT THE OFFICE OF AD/CVD ENFORCEMENT VI, IMPORT \n ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, (202) 482-2786. \n \n8. THERE ARE NO RESTRICTIONS ON THE RELEASE OF THIS \n INFORMATION. \n \n WILLIAM D. SLYNE \n \n \nMessage Date: 12/05/1996 Message Number: 7340114 Page 5 of 6 Company Details\n \n*Party Indicator Value:\nI = Importer, M = Manufacturer, E = Exporter, S = Sold To Party\nMessage Date: 12/05/1996 Message Number: 7340114 Page 6 of 6"
} |
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"pdf_file": "RZBL4G73Y76GIJWY3BENQNYBTVX5WAR6.pdf",
"text": "196\nMINUTES OF AREGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING HELD OCTOBER 4 1982\nPRESENTI\nGrant SNie lson Mayor\nDon Bird Council Member\nMax Bennett Council Member\nDon Dafoe Council Member\nRuth Hansen Council Member\nWillis Morrison Council Member\nOTHERS PRESENT\nVanceBishop City Administrator\nWarren Peterson City Attorney\nDorothy Jeffery CityRecorder\nJohn Quick City Engineer\nNeil Forster Public WorksSuperintendent\nRay Valdez City Building Inspector\nPat DaviesCityClerk\nJim Fletcher\nMayor Nielson called the meetingto order at BOOpm and stated that\nnotice of the timeplace and agenda of the meeting had been postedat\nthe principal office of the governing body and had been providedto the\nIMillard County Chronicle the Millard CountyGazette and the local radio\nstation KNAK and to each member of the governing body by personal\ndelivery of copies of the Notice and Agendatwo 2days before to each\nof them\nMINUTES\nThe minutes of aregular City Council meeting held September 27 1982\nwere presentedto the Council Members Councilman Don Dafoe MOVED to\naccept the minutes aspresented Council Member Ruth Hansen SECONDED the\nmotion which carried unanimously\nThe minutes of aspecial CityCouncil meeting heldSeptember 30 1982\ninterviewing Parks and Recreation Directorapplicantswere considered\nandapprovedaspresentedon a MOTION from Councilman Don Bird and a\nSECOND from Councilman Willis Morrison The motion carried unanimously\nACCOUNTS PAYABLE\nThe accounts payable were presented to the council membersby Dorothy\nJeffery Councilman Bird MOVED topay the bills as presented The motion\nwas SECONDEDbyCouncil Member Max Bennett and the motion carried\nunanimously\nAPPOINTMENT OF PARKS RECREATION DIRECTORI City Administrator Vance Bishop reportedthat theperson chosen as Parks 197\nMINUTES OF AREGULAR CITY COUNCIL MEETING HELD OCTOBER 4 1982\nIPage2\nand Recreation Director has agreedto work for Delta CityMr Bishop\nstated that there will be the customary3month probationary period after\nwhich if hired on a permanent basis fringe benefits and a merit\nincrease would be in effect MayorGrant Nielson recommended to the\nCouncil that Steven Lit tlefield be appointed Diretor of the newly estab\nlished Parks and RecreationDepartment Councilman Don Dafoe MOVED and\nCouncilman Max Bennett SECONDED a motion to hire Steven Litt ldie ld as\nParks and Recreation Director The motion carriedunanimously\nY PLANNER POSITION DISCUSSION\nCJ\nmTheCityAdministrator Vance Bishopinformed the Council that the County\n9would like an answer to thei r requestfor the Cityto share in the\nCfunding of the CountyPlanner whose position was no longer being funded\nbylPA MrBishopstated to the Council that the Citysplanningneeds\nt were minimal at thistifne and he1recommendedagainst hi ringaplanneron\na parttime basis Counc ilman Don Bird MOVED that the City would not\nparticipatewith the Countyinhiringaplanner Council Member Ruth\nHansen SECONDED the motion which carried unanimously\nFINAL PAYMENT PHASE ISEWER PROJECT\nICity EngineerJohnQuick told the Council Members that he is not in a\npositionto recommend final paymenton Phase 1of the sewerimprovement\nprojectHe said that the inspection of the project provedit to be in\nworse condition than anticipated He said that one sectionmayhave to be\nremoved and replaced Mr Vance Bishopreminded the Council Members that\nthe extensions of time had been given without penalties imposedand he\nsuggestedthat the City should wait to make a decision on whether to\nwaive apenaltyor not Tt was mentioned that if after the work is done\nthe pipescan be mirrored the expenseofviewingthe work with a\ntelevision camera will not be necessaryThere wasgeneral discussion on\nproblems with thenewlyinstalled sewerpipe with holes gaskets and\ndipsCouncilman Max Bennett MOVED to table the final payment on Phase I\nof the sewerimprovement projectCouncilman Bird SECONDED the motion\nwhich carriedunanimously\nOTHER BUSINESS\nCouncil Member Hansen discussed with those present the need for alibrary\nboard The other Members encouragedCouncil Member Hansen to hold a\npublic meetingto enlist helpfrom citizens interested in helping Delta\nCityto have an adequate public library\nThe City Attorneyand City Recorder discussed with Council the need togo\nahead with Citywork on the business license ordinance The merits of\nIchanging the licensing method to asystem based onpercentage of gross\nsales was discussed A meetingfor discussion onpossiblebusiness\nlicense ordi nance revisions will be held and publiccomment will be\ninvited 198MINUTES OF AREGUALR CITY COUNCIL MEETING HELD OCTOBER 4 1982\nPage 3\nICity Administrator Bishop reported to the Council that Morris Burton has\ngraduatedfrom the police academy and that theactingPolice Chief Roy\nWood has interviewed and evaluated Officer Burton Mr Bishop recommended\nto the Council that Officer Burton be promotedCouncilman Bennett MOVED\nto promoteMorris Burton from Patrolman Igrade 11 to Patrolman II\ngrade 12 step 1 Councilman Bird SECONDED the motion which carried\nunanimously\nThe City Administrator reported that the Delta Area Chamber of Commerce\nhas received a bid of 5800 00 on the passenger shelter required by\nAmtrak at the railwaystation as aprerequisite for passengerservice\nMrBishopsaid that this was not arequestformoney onlyto inform the\nCityasthey hasI request d\nMr Bishop mentioned to those present that he has received abid on sewer\njet cleaning equipmentThis is equipment required by the State heal th\nlaws Mr Quick said that severalsuppliers would be submitting priceson\nthe equipmentHe said that the Cityis committed to obtainingsome kind\nofcleaning equipment The possibilityof costsharingon the equipment\nwith lPAmight enable the Cityto have more sophisticated equipmentwith\nmoreapplications like street and culvert cleaning capability Estimated\ncosts ranged from 30 000 00 for a trailer mounted unit to 100 000 00\nfor aself propelledunit with washer and vacuum\nIPub lie Works Superintendent Neil Forster told the Council that 30 regul\natory signs would be putinplacein the City this week Some of the\nsignshe said wereparking signs and some were to warn motorists of\ndeaf children\nThere beingno further pub lie business Councilman Dafoe MOVED togointo\nexecutive session for the purposeofdiscussing personnelmattersregard\ning the Police Chief positionand also City buiding negotiationsCouncil\nMember Ruth Hansen SECONDED the motion which carried unanimously The\nMembers moved into closed session at 907 pm A MOTION was made by\nCouncilman Bird at 947 pm to reconvene into open meeting Councilman\nBennett SECONDED the motion which carriedunanimouslyCouncilman Bird\nMOVED toadjournand Councilman Bennett SECONDED the motion which carried\nunanimouslyTheMayor adjournedthemeetingat 948pm\ndq\nLrMayorGrant SNielson\nRe order Do ef y\nI"
} |
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"pdf_file": "RBQS77ZEQXZZN5PHJPGI4PI4XB3ANVBB.pdf",
"text": "March 24, 2011\n44084 Riverside Parkway\nSuite 340\nLeesburg, VA 20176Prepared by: 6K Systems\n1 ¾Founded February 2002\n¾Headquartered in Leesburg, VA\n¾Satellite Offices and Personnel Nationwide\n¾8(a) and SDB Certified\n¾GSA MOBIS: GS-10F-0081V\n¾GSA Schedule 70: GS-35F-0883N\n¾GSA 8(a) STARS: GS-06F-0294ZSmall Business Showcase, 6K Systems, Inc.\n2 ¾Inc. 500 – 2009, 2010\n¾Microsoft Gold Certified Partner\n¾Cisco Select Certified Partner\n¾Federal CPIC Forum Corporate Member\nC0-Chair to Update the GAO ITIM Guide\n¾Certified Personnel (PMP, CPP, ITIL, COBIT, 360°\nBenchmark, DiSC, Kirkpatrick 4-Levels)\n¾Secret Clearance (Top Secret Expected 03/2011)Small Business Showcase, 6K Systems, Inc.\n3 Core Capabilities\n¾Project and Program Management\nCost, Schedule, Resource Allocation\nWork Breakdown Structure (WBS) Development\nEarned Value Management (EVM) \nPMO/PfMO Design and Implementation\n¾Capital Planning and Investment Control (CPIC)\nOMB A-11, A-94, A-123, A-127, and A-130 \nCompliance/GAO Audit Support \nExhibit 300/53 Development\nPre-Select, Select, Control, Evaluate\n¾IT Studies and Analysis\nAlternatives Analysis, Benefit-Cost Analysis\nGap Analysis, Feasibility Studies\nRequirements Analysis and Traceability\nBusiness Process Re-engineering\n¾IT Governance\nEnterprise Architecture \nBudget Formulation and Execution\nHuman Capital Management\n¾Training\nExecutive Leadership and Coaching\nProject Management\nUsers¾Information Assurance/Privacy\nRisk and Vulnerability Assessments\nCertification and Accreditation (C&A), FISMA Support\nDisaster Recovery and Continuity of Operations\nHSPD-12 Program Support\nPrivacy Impact Assessments\nFreedom of Information Act (FOIA) Support \n¾Legacy Financial Systems\nPlanning, Development, Test, Implementation\nMigration and Integration\n¾Systems Engineering\nApplication Development, COTS /GOTS Software Integration\nDatabase Design and Administration\nData Warehouse and Mining\n¾IT Support Services\nHardware Architecture Design and Configuration\nNetwork Operations\nServer Administration, Systems Documentation\nHelp Desk/Call Center\n¾Administrative Services\nMeeting Management\nConference and Event Planning\nTechnical Writing and Public Outreach\n4 Customers\n¾Department of the Treasury\nFinancial Management Service\nOffice of the Comptroller of the \nCurrency\nBureau of the Public Debt\n¾Department of Homeland Security\n¾Department of the Navy\n¾Department of the Air Force\n¾Department of Transportation\n¾Federal Aviation Administration¾Department of Energy\n¾Department of Commerce\n¾Housing and Urban Development\n¾Environmental Protection Agency\n¾U.S. House of Representatives\n¾U.S. Postal Service\nOffice of the Inspector General\n¾Federal Trade Commission\n¾Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia\n¾Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond\n5\n 6TREASURY EXPERIENCE\nBureau/ Project \nProject Charter\nProject Plan WBS Development\nWBS Dictionary\nPMO SupportAs-Is/To Be Req'sMarket ResearchAlternatives AnalysisRisk Adjusted Cost AnalysisSensitivity AnalysisDocumentationPIA ApproachData IdentificationData Analysis\nSORN Research\nDocumentationQuarterly ReportingBusiness Case Exhibit 53 and 300IT DashboardRMO SupportPfM SupportAudit Support Acquisition Support\nFesability Studies\nAlternative Analysis\nOperation Analysis\nOther Studies\nFMS, Government wide Accounting and Reporting \nModernization (GWA) ProjectFMS, Integrated FedDebt Project\nFMS, Treasury Offset Program (TOP)\nFMS, Debt Management Servicing Center (DMSC)FMS, Treasury Check Information System (TCIS)\nFMS, Intra-Governmental Payment and Collection \nFMS, International Treasury Services (ITS.gov)\nFMS, FedDebt Program (FedDebt)\nFMS, Financial Accounting, Collections, Disbursments \nand Reconciliation (FACDR)\nFMS, Financial Reporting Standardization (FIRST)\nOCC, Portfolio Management and Capital Planning\nFMS, OTCD PCC OTC/TGAnet AnalysisBPD, Retail Operational Analysis\nFRB, Treasury Collateral Management Modernization Studies and \nAnalysesPrivacy Impact \nAssessmentCapital Planning and \nInvestment Control (CPIC)Project \nManagement Cost Benefit Analysis \n ¾Treasury\nTreasury OCC – Capital Planni ng and Investment Control (CPIC)\n$1.2 M\n6K ensured that OCC aligned to Treasur y’s plans to implement IT Portfolio \nManagement in Fiscal Year (FY) 20 06 and Beyond. 6K Helped the OCIO \nStrengthen the CPIC Process, ProSight Portfolio Management Operations, Strategic \nPlanning, Performanc e Measures and Earned Value Management\nFRB, Treasury Collate ral Management Modernization (TCMM) Project\nSupport Services\n$3.5 M\n6K is Planning, Developing, and Implem enting Efficient, Effective Management \nPractices to Satisfy a Wide Range of Fede ral Standards and Regu lations, Including \nthe Clinger-Cohen Act, GPEA, FISMA, PRA, OMB A-11 and A-130, and Treasury \nguidelines\n¾FAA ARC Nationwide IT Support\n$25 M\n6K Supported Over 2,600 Employees Nationwide in All Nine (9) Regional \nOffices, Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, and HeadquartersLargest Contracts\n7 ¾Innovative IT and Management solutions\n¾Industry best practices and standards\n¾IRS and Treasury knowledge and insight \n¾Prequalified and experienced personnel \n¾Rapid response to ad hoc requirements\n¾Credit for SDB and 8(a) participation6Keys to Your Success\n8 Contact Us\nEstefania\n Arregui-Gomez\nDirector of Consulting Services\n44084 Riverside Parkway\nSuite 340\nLeesburg, VA 20176\nVoice: 703.840.3488 \u001f Fax: 703.738.7773\nWebsite: www.6ksystems.com\nEmail: estefania.arregui@6ksystems.com\n9\n"
} |
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"pdf_file": "YCYN7CHWTHPZYST4LVE2OHZC2Y4INSNZ.pdf",
"text": "The Shaky Economics Of 'Cash For Clunkers' - NPR\nCongress seems poised to extend the wildly popular \"cash for clunkers\" program, tripling the\nsize of its initial $1 billion budget. But ask some economists about the program, and they shake\ntheir heads.\nAllen Sanderson, an economist at the University of Chicago, says it's important to remember\nwhat's behind many auto dealers' crowded showrooms. Out back, he says, you'll likely find a\nparking lot filled with the cars that have been traded in. Many of those vehicles run fine. And\nthey all are scheduled for execution.\nThe government trade-in program requires that the engines of the clunkers be killed. More\naccustomed to fixing cars, mechanics will pour in a solvent called \"liquid glass,\" then run the\nengine until it seizes.\nFrom an economic perspective, that's a waste, says Sanderson, who calls the program \"silly.\"\nThe autos required labor and resources to build. Consider a similar program to replace old light\nbulbs with more efficient ones, he says. Would you smash the old bulbs?\nSanderson admits that there is some environmental benefit to the clunkers program. \"The\nquestion is at what cost,\" he says. \"For $3 billion, could we do something better for the\nenvironment than what we're doing? I think absolutely. It's a very inefficient expenditure.\"\nStimulus Or Hype?\nWhat about the argument that \"cash for clunkers\" provides a boost for the auto industry? Rep.\nEdward Markey (D-MA) recently called the program \"electroshock therapy for the economy.\"\nRep. John Campbell (R-CA) declared, \"Plants will open up, they will be producing more cars,\nand people will go back to work.\"\nJeremy Anwyl, the CEO of the car research site Edmunds.com, isn't so sure. Anwyl says that\neven without the program, people trade in about 60,000 clunkers a month. While \"cash for\nclunkers\" has encouraged more people to trade in their vehicles, Anwyl argues that most of\nthem would have come in sooner or later anyway.\n\"It encouraged anyone that had a clunker that would have traded in their vehicle over a three- or\nfour-month period to do so over three or four days,\" he says. \"So, at the end of this you have to\nwonder how many additional sales were actually created.\"\nAnwyl says he feels bad about criticizing the program. \"Hey, I'm as happy as anybody to see\ncar sales go up,\" he says. After looking at the data, he calls it \"one of the more over-hyped\nprograms in an era of over-hyping programs.\"\nThe German Experience\nThe U.S. is not the only country trying out the \"cash for clunkers\" idea. Germany has a much\nlarger program, at $7 billion.\n 1 / 2 The Shaky Economics Of 'Cash For Clunkers' - NPR\nStefan Schneider, chief international economist at Deutsche Bank Research in Germany,\nsupports his country's effort. He argues that encouraging people to trade in cars now instead of\nlater makes sense, because the economy needs a boost to get it going again. Schneider sees\nevidence that the $7 billion the government is spending on incentives has boosted spending.\n\"In the first quarter, private consumption picked up a bit,\" he says. \"If you look at other\nindicators, retail sales, it's pretty evident that's mainly coming from the car program.\"\nSchneider says there is concern that when the program ends, the bump in car sales will turn\ninto a dip of about the same size. But the hope is that the economy will have recovered a bit,\nand the fall won't be so painful.\nIn the grand scheme of the global economy, the American and German programs combined\ndon't count for much. James Galbraith, an economist at the University of Texas, says he's\nsurprised the American \"cash for clunkers\" initiative has generated so much controversy. It's\nhard to devise a perfect program he says, and this one is merely \"inoffensively inefficient.\" \n 2 / 2"
} |
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"pdf_file": "NBFDVXD42XRKDLGZBMAORFQBHARE7J3O.pdf",
"text": "Rep. Bilirakis Reminds Travelers of New Border Crossing Procedures\n Starting today, oral declarations of citizenship from U.S. and Canadian citizens will no longer\nbe allowed at land and sea border crossings. Citizens from the U.S. and Canada will now have\nto show proof of citizenship by presenting either: a "trusted traveler" document; a\npassport; or government-issued photo identification such as a driver’s license, plus proof of\ncitizenship, such as a birth certificate. \n \n Congressman Bilirakis says the more stringent requirements will help to fill a vulnerability gap\nat America's border crossings. \n \n "The implementation of more stringent identification requirements at border crossings\nwas a deficiency raised by the 9/11 Commission and subsequently addressed by Congress in\n2004," said Congressman Bilirakis . "While it may take some time for all travelers\nto be acclimated to the new rules, I have been assured that DHS will work hard to implement\nthese new regulations with flexibility and understanding, and that exceptions will continue to be\nmade for those who do not meet all of the new identification requirements. As a member of\nHomeland Security Committee, which has oversight of this issue, I will continue to monitor the\nprogress of this transition very closely." \n \n CBP Commissioner W. Ralph Basham says his agency will work with travelers and continue to\neducate the public about these new changes. \n \n “We feel that ultimately these changes will help create not only more secure borders, but more\nefficient borders as well – whether at a land border port of entry or a seaport," said Comm\nissioner Basham\n. "We will be flexible in this phase, which is intended to raise awareness and help\ntravelers get adjusted to the changes, and we thank Congressman Bilirakis for his commitment\nto also getting the message out.” \n \n Locally, Port Director Wainio said he recognizes the challenges these new procedures may\npose to those traveling via the Port of Tampa, and says that the he and his staff will work to\nassist all travelers as they adapt to these new changes. \n \n 1 / 2 Rep. Bilirakis Reminds Travelers of New Border Crossing Procedures\n “The Port of Tampa is the largest economic engine in West Central Florida and one of the\nmost diversified ports in the nation. Key to the Port’s success has been the strength of the\ncruise industry," said Port Director Wainio . "The Port makes every effort to ensure\nthat visitors who are cruising from Tampa have a very positive experience while in our great\ncommunity.” \n \n For more information about the new traveler document requirements, log on to the CBP\nwebsite at http://www.cbp.gov/ . \n \n Additional Reading \n \n - Bilirakis Blog -- DHS: New Border Procedures Fast Approaching \n - U.S. Customs and Border Protection -- Important Change in International Land and Sea\nTravel Document Procedures \n \n \n \n \n 2 / 2"
} |
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"text": "EFAST-B, Part I Draft Electronic Filing Specifica tion (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - i \nFor Official Use Only EFAST \nDraft Electronic Filing Specification \nDEL 1022 \n \nPublication EFAST-B - PART ONE \nELECTRONIC/MAGNETIC MEDIA \nFILE SPECIFICATIONS AND VALIDATION CRITERIA \nFOR FORMS 5500 and 5500-EZ \n(PLAN YEAR 2008) \n \nERISA FILING ACCEPTANCE SYSTEM \n(EFAST) \n \n \n \n \n18 September 2008 \n \nPrepared For: \nU.S. Department of Labor \nContract No. J-9-P-8-0037 \n \nPrepared By: \nVangent, Inc. \n3833 Greenway Drive \nLawrence, KS 66046 EFAST-B, Part I Draft Electronic Filing Specifica tion (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - ii \nFor Official Use Only Table of Contents \nPART ONE \nFile Specification / Validation Criteria \nTABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ II \n1. OVERVIEW OF PART I ..................................................................................................................... 4 \n2. REVISION HISTORY ......................................................................................................................... 5 \n3. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ......................................................................................................... 8 \n4. GENERAL FILING INFORMATION ................................................................................................ 9 \n4.1 PARTS OF A BATCH ..................................................................................................................... 10 \n5. THE .DOL FILE ............................................................................................................................... .. 11 \n5.1 FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS ....................................................................................................... 11 \n5.2 GENERAL .DOL FILE/RECORD INFORMATION ............................................................................ 11 \n5.3 TYPES OF RECORDS IN THE .DOL FILE..................................................................................... 11 \n5.4 .DOL FILE SEQUENCE OF DATA................................................................................................. 13 \n5.5 .DOL FILE CHARACTER SETS.................................................................................................... 13 \n5.6 .DOL FILE FIXED AND VARIABLE LENGTH RECORD OPTIONS ................................................... 14 \n5.7 .DOL FILE RECORDS .................................................................................................................. 16 \n6. UNSTRUCTURED ATTACHMENT FILES ................................................................................... 29 \n6.1 NAMING CONVENTIONS .............................................................................................................. 29 \n6.2 TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE ........................................................................................................ 29 \n6.3 ACCEPTABLE FORMATS .............................................................................................................. 29 \n7. VALIDATION CRITERIA ................................................................................................................. 30 \n7.1 LIVE FILING VALIDATION CRITERIA ............................................................................................. 30 \n7.2 TEST FILING VALIDATION CRITERIA ............................................................................................ 31 \n8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORMAT ................................................................................................ 52 \n8.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FILE.......................................................................................................... 52 \n8.2 GENERAL FORMAT INFORMATION .............................................................................................. 52 \n8.3 UNIQUE NUMBERS ASSIGNED BY THE ELECTRONIC FILING SYSTEM ........................................ 52 \n8.4 RECEIVING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. 53 \n8.5 ACK BATCH RECORD ................................................................................................................. 53 \n8.6 ACK BATCH ERROR RECORD .................................................................................................... 54 \n8.7 ACK KEY RECORD ..................................................................................................................... 55 \n8.8 ACK ERROR RECORD ................................................................................................................ 55 \n8.9 ACK RECAP RECORD ................................................................................................................. 57 \n9. ELECTRONIC/MAGNETIC MEDIA SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................. 58 \n9.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. 58 \n9.2 MODEM -TO-MODEM SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................ 58 \n9.3 MAGNETIC MEDIA SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................... 58 EFAST-B, Part I Draft Electronic Filing Specifica tion (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - iii \nFor Official Use Only 10. ENCRYPTION ............................................................................................................................... 64 \n10.1 DEVELOPING YOUR OWN ENCRYPTION SYSTEM ....................................................................... 64 \n10.2 USING EFAST ENCRYPTION DLL S............................................................................................ 66 \n11. THE .RDY FILE ............................................................................................................................ 69 \n \nAPPENDIX A – TERMINOLOGY OF \nDOCUMENT....................................................................................................................... ........... 84 \nAPPENDIX B – COMMON PROBLEMS \nENCOUNTERED.................................................................................................................... .......85 \n \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 4 \nFor Official Use Only 1. Overview of Part I \nThis is Part I of the File Specifications, Valid ation Criteria and Record Layouts document for \nEFAST (ERISA Filing Acceptance System). Part I co ntains the File Specifications and Validation \nCriteria. Part II contains the Record Layouts. Part I and Part II, along with the Electronic Filing \nUser’s Guide, provide everything that is needed to develop 5500 series electronic filing software. \nPart I of this document contains the following sections: \n• Section 2, Revision History, provides a list of the revisions of this document. \n• Section 3, Referenced Documents, cont ains a list of related documentation. \n• Section 4, General Filing Information, discusses the different parts of a filing. \n• Section 5, The .DOL File, gives general information about the .DOL file and explains what \nrecords are found in it. \n• Section 6, Unstructured Attachment Files, e xplains what unstructured attachments are and \nwhat types of files can be transmitted. \n• Section 7, Validation Criteria, lists the possibl e errors that occur during the initial validation \nchecks on the filing. \n• Section 8, Acknowledgement Format, gives the format for the acknowledgement of initial \nchecks done on the filing. \n• Section 9, Electronic/Magnetic Media Specifications, gives information such as modem \nspeeds, phone numbers, allowable types of media, catalog records, media labeling instructions, etc. \n• Section 10, Encryption, contains instructions for encrypting electronic transmissions of \nfilings. \n• Section 11, The .RDY File, instructs modem-to-modem filers on how to submit .RDY files. \n• Appendix A contains a list of document terminology. \n• Appendix B contains a list of common problems. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 5 \nFor Official Use Only 2. Revision History \nDate Section Description of Change \nthroughout Changed all references from plan year 2004 to plan year 2005. \n4.1, 5.4, 5.7.4, \n5.7.6.1, 5.7.7, 7.2, and 8.8.1 Removed all references to Schedule T. \n7.2.2 Form 5500 Errors: Removed #0134 a nd #0135 that pertain to Schedule T. \n7.2.13 Schedule R Errors: Modified #1310, ch anging the Yes indicator to Increase \nor Decrease. \n7.2.16 Schedule T Errors : Removed #1501, #1502, #1503, #1504, and #1506. 9/01/2005 \nAppendix B Added comment in extension note to include the extension date when filing \nForm 2688 or Form 2758. \n2/9/2006 7.2.2 Form 5500 Errors #0136 “…box 10a(3)…” changed to “…box 10a(2)…”; \n#0137 changed from box 10a(4) to box 10a(3); and #0138 changed from box 10a(5) to box 10a(4) due to the elimination of the Schedule T. \n3/21/2006 Cover Changed DRAFT to FINAL. \nCover Changed FINAL to DRAFT for Plan Year 2006. \n4.1, 5.4, 5.7.4, 5.7.5, 5.7.6.1, 5.7.7, 7.2, and 8.8.1 Removed all references to Schedule P. \n7.2.2 Form 5500 Errors: Removed #0145 a nd #0146 that pertain to Schedule P. 8/7/2006 \n7.2.13 Removed Schedule P Errors section. \nCover Plan Year reference changed to 2006. 1/5/2007 \n5.7.7 Summary Record: The description is correctly stated as 5500 instead of \n5550. \n3/13/2007 Cover Changed DRAFT to FINAL. \n3/28/2007 10 \n10.2.1 Removed references to Windows NT /98/95 and Windows 3.1 operating \nsystems for encryption. \n5.1 Updated the field number for the location of the amended checkbox on \nForm 5500-EZ. \n5.6.2.2 Added reference to percent field 1505 on Schedule B that can be negative. \n5.7.6 Reduced reference to attach ment text fields from 410 to 390. 4/25/2007 \n5.7.7 Restored field length information fo r reserved field 17 to maintain record \nlength of 112 bytes. \nRemoved “Plan” from Form 5500-EZ reference to “Employer or Plan \nAdministrator” for field 0024. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 6 \nFor Official Use Only Date Section Description of Change \n7.2.2 Error Code #0106: Changed line refe rences for Schedule H, Part I and Part \nII. \nAdded Error Code #0149 for missing Schedule I. \n7.2.10 Updated Error Code #1017 from Beginning of Year to End of Year for \nTotal End of Year Liabilities. \nError Code #1020: Removed second lin e reference for Corporate Debt \nInstruments. \nError Code #1023: Updated line reference for Other. \n7.2.13 Error Code #1307: Upda ted Rev. Proc reference. \n9.1 Changed reference from three methods to two methods to match what is \nlisted. \n9.3.6 Updated reference to Figure 1 in Section 4. \n9.3.7 Updated examples of labeling fo r 3480 tapes to match the description. \n6/4/2007 7.2.3 Removed error code #0203 from Form 5500-EZ. \n9/13/2007 Cover Changed FINAL to DRAFT. \n9/13/2007 Throughout Changed all references from plan year 2006 to plan year 2007. \n7.2.2 Form 5500 Errors: Added #0150. \n Schedule B Errors: Added #0406 - #0409. \n7.2.13 Schedule R Errors: Added #1311. 3/20/2008 \nCover Changed DRAFT to FINAL. \n4/24/08 Section 7.2.2, \npage 36 Updated document in response to GOV letter EFAST-VANGENT-MS-\n1709 \n08/08/08 Throughout Changes for Plan Year 2008 \n08/08/08 5.4, 8.8.1 Removed Schedule B. Added Schedules MB and SB. \n08/08/08 5.6.2.2 Removed reference to negative values on Schedule B. \n08/08/08 5.7.4 Field 6: Removed Schedule B. \n08/08/08 5.7.5 Field 8: Changed reference to Schedule B to Schedules MB and SB. \nField 10: Removed Schedule B. Adde d note about actuary attachments. \n08/08/08 5.7.6.1 Field 6: Changed reference to Schedule B to Schedules MB and SB. \nField 8: Removed Schedule B. \n08/08/08 5.7.7 Field 6: Changed to reserved. \n08/08/08 6 Changed reference to Schedule B to Schedules MB and SB. \n08/08/08 7.2 Removed Schedule B. \n08/08/08 7.2.2 Removed Errors #0103, #0128, and #0136. \n08/08/08 7.2.5 Removed Schedule B Errors section and renum bered remaining sections. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 7 \nFor Official Use Only Date Section Description of Change \n08/08/08 7.2.13 Schedule R: Re moved Errors #1307 and #1310. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 8 \nFor Official Use Only 3. Referenced Documents \nThe following documents are referenced in Publication EFAST-B: \nEFAST-A Electronic Filing User’s Guide – General Background \nANSI x3.27-1987 (rev 1998) Structuring Magnetic Media Transmissions \nANSI X9.52 Triple Data Encryption Algorithm \nFIPS Pub 46-2 Data Encryption Standard (DES) \nFIPS Pub 46-3 Triple Data Encryption Standard (DES) \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 9 \nFor Official Use Only 4. General Filing Information \nBefore transmitting live filings, so ftware developers must pass te sting procedures. For more \ninformation on testing procedures, see Publication EFAST-A, User’s Guide for Electronic/Magnetic Media Filing of Forms 5500 and 5500-EZ. \nEach transmission consists of a single or multiple batches of filings. A transmission may be sent \nvia modem-to-modem or via magnetic media. There is no limit to the number of batches that can \nbe sent for each transmission. For detailed modem-to-modem and magnetic media specifications, \nplease see Section 9. \nA batch consists of a single or multiple filings . Each batch can contai n up to 1,000 filings. \nTransmissions must consist of only complete batches, and these batches must be transmitted in \ntheir entirety sequentially. That is, the first batch must be completely transmitted before the next \nbatch begins. Figure 1, on the next page, shows the relations hip between transmissions and \nbatches. \n \nFigure 1 Transmission and Batch \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 10 \nFor Official Use Only 4.1 Parts of a Batch \nA batch consists of two or three different types of files: .DOL Files , Unstructured Attachment \nFiles , and . RDY Files . \nThe .DOL file contains the information from the offi cial forms and schedules (which are Form \n5500, Form 5500-EZ, Schedule A, Schedule C, Sche dule D, Schedule E, Schedule G, Schedule \nH, Schedule I, Schedule R, and Schedule SSA). It also contains Unstructured Text Records, \nwhich are unstructured attachments submitted w ithin the .DOL file (see Section 5.7.6). \nThe Unstructured Attachment Files are files containing information that is not contained on the \nofficial forms. Examples of unstructured attachme nts that must be contained in separate files \ninclude Schedule H Accountant’s Opinions and Schedules MB and SB Actuarial Attachments, \nand images of Schedules MB and SB. Please see Section 6 for more information on unstructured \nattachments. Images of pages for Schedules MB and SB must be included as unstructured filing \nattachments in PDF format. \nThe .RDY file is transmitted after the .DOL f ile and the Unstructured Attachment Files for \nmodem-to-modem batches only. It has the same filename as the .DOL file, except it has an “.RDY” extension. This file lets the EFAST modem-to-modem processing system know when \nthe entire batch is completely transmitted and ready to be processed. Only modem-to-modem \nfilers should transmit this file. See Section 11 for more details. \nThe .DOL file can contain the information for up to 1,000 different filings. There can be up to \n4,095 separate unstructured attachment files att ached to this .DOL file. These unstructured \nattachment files can belong to any of the filings that the .DOL file contains. That is, the \nunstructured attachment files in a batch do not necessar ily have to be attached to the same filing. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 11 \nFor Official Use Only 5. The .DOL File \n5.1 File naming conventions \nThe entire .DOL filename must not exceed 30 char acters (the dot and the extension not included) \nand must have “.DOL” as its extension. A transm itter should never submit a .DOL file that has \nthe same filename as a previously transmitted .DOL file. That is, for each EFIN, all .DOL files \ntransmitted should have unique names. \nIf .DOL files are not named uniquely, there is a po ssibility that data could be overwritten. Also, \nthe name of the .DOL file is used as identifi cation in the initial electronic acknowledgements. \nSee Section 8.1 for details. \nNote : Even an amended file’s filename must be uni que. The filename is not used to identify \namended filings, so please verify that the ame nded check box on the first page of Form 5500 \n(field B(2)) or Form 5500-EZ (field A(2))is selected if submitting an amended filing. \n5.2 General .DOL File/Record Information \nThe .DOL file must be an ASCII text file. \nEach record within a transmission must be preced ed by two four-byte fields. The first four-byte \nfield is the Byte Count for the record. This byte count contains a count of the number of bytes within the record includ ing the four bytes for the counter itself, four bytes for the Record \nBeginning Mark (****), and one byte for the Record Terminus Character (#). The second four-byte field is the Record Beginning Mark , which must be four asterisks (****). \nEvery record must have the Record Term inus Character (#) as its last byte. \nA .DOL file consists of a variable number of fixed length and variable length records. The size \nand format of the record for each page of each fo rm and schedule are specified in Part II Record \nLayouts. \nNo page of a schedule or form should be generate d if there are no entries on that page record. A \nblank page (Record ID only) may cause the f iling to be deemed non-acceptable, except in cases \nwhere a form requires that one page be present when the other page is present. \nPage one of Form 5500 or of Form 5500-EZ must have a record present. For the Schedules, only \nthe pages (in the proper sequence) which contain si gnificant data must have a record present. \nIf page 2\n and/or any succeeding page of any sche dule contains significant data, page 1 of that \nschedule must also be present and must contain significant data. \n5.3 Types of Records in the .DOL File \nA .DOL file consists of a TRANS Record , the Encryption Record (if applicable), the Filings , \nand a RECAP Record . \nThe Filings consist of a single Header Record , all Filing Records (one for each page of the \n5500 or 5500-EZ), Schedule Records (one for each page of each schedule) , Unstructured \nAttachment Indicator Records (one for each file attached to the filing), Unstructured Text \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 12 \nFor Official Use Only Records (one for each textual attachment submitted inside the DOL file), and a single Summary \nRecord . \nThere should be no spaces, carriage returns, or an y other characters between records in a .DOL \nfile. \nFigure 2 illustrates the different portions of a .DOL file: \nUNSTRUCTURED\nATTACHMENT\nINDICATOR RECORD\nFor 1ST ATTACHED FILEFILING RECORD PAGE 1\nSCHEDULE RECORD\nPAGE 1TRANS RECORD\nSUMMARY RECORD\nRECAP RECORDFILING RECORD PAGE 2\nSCHEDULE RECORD\nPAGE 2\nUNSTRUCTURED\nATTACHMENT\nINDICATOR RECORD\nFor 2ND ATTACHED FILEFILING NO.\n1\nFILING NO.\n2ONE\n.DOL\nFILE HEADER RECORD\nUNSTRUCTURED\nATTACHMENT\nINDICATOR RECORD\nFor 1ST ATTACHED FILEFILING RECORD PAGE 1\nSCHEDULE RECORD\nPAGE 1\nSUMMARY RECORDFILING RECORD PAGE 2\nSCHEDULE RECORD\nPAGE 2\nUNSTRUCTURED\nATTACHMENT\nINDICATOR RECORD\nFor 2ND ATTACHED FILE HEADER RECORD\nKEY\nRecord in a fileFile\nFilingENCRYPTION RECORD (If applicable, see Section 10)\nUNSTRUCTURED\nATTACHMENT TEXT\nRECORD\nFor 1ST TEXT\nATTACHMENTUNSTRUCTURED\nATTACHMENT TEXT\nRECORD\nFor 2ND TEXT\nATTACHMENT\nUNSTRUCTURED\nATTACHMENT TEXT\nRECORD\nFor 1ST TEXT\nATTACHMENTUNSTRUCTURED\nATTACHMENT TEXT\nRECORD\nFor 2ND TEXT\nATTACHMENT\n \nFigure 2 – The .DOL File \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 13 \nFor Official Use Only 5.4 .DOL File Sequence of Data \nThe .DOL must be transmitted in the following sequence: \n1. The TRANS record. \n2. The Encryption Record (if applicable, see Section 10). \n3. The Header Record for the first filing. \n4. All the Filing Records for the first filing. \n5. All the Schedule Records for the first filing. \n6. All the Unstructured Attachment Indi cator Records for the first filing. \n7. All the Unstructured Attachment Text Records for the first filing. \n8. The Summary Record for the first filing. \n9. The Header Record for the next filing. \n10. All the Filing Records for the next filing. \n11. All the Schedule Records for the next filing. \n12. All the Unstructured Attachment Indicator Records for the next filing. \n13. All the Unstructured Attachment Text Records for the next filing. \n14. The Summary Record for the next filing. \nNote : For each DOL file, the information for up to 1,000 filings may be transmitted in this \nmanner. \nSchedules A, C, D, E, G, H, I, R, and SSA must be in alphabetical sequence. All records must \nappear in the proper sequence, with the proper control information, and the counts of the \nschedules must balance with the Summary Record or the filing may be deemed non-acceptable. \nSchedules MB and SB are to be included as unstr uctured filing attachments in PDF format and \nnot in the data stream with the other forms and schedules. \n5.5 .DOL File Character Sets \nThis section identifies the types of characters that are valid for an electronically filed return. \nAll .DOL files must be in ASCII character code. \nThe following four characters: “ [“ , “]”, “*”, and “ #” are reserved as delimiters and cannot \nappear as data characters . The left ([) and right (]) brackets enclose Field Sequence Numbers. \nAsterisk (*) characters mark the beginning of a record. The Pound Sign (#) (Record Terminus \nCharacter) indicates the end of a record. \nALL ALPHABETIC DATA MUST BE IN UPPER CASE! Preparation software must ensure \nthat lower case alphabetic characters are not entered. \n“SEE ATTACHED ” or any similar wording is not acceptable as an entry for any field. Section \n6 provides guidance on submitting attached files. \nExcept where designated, do not enter bl anks or spaces between data elements. \nThe symbol b may be used in this publication to represent a blank character position. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 14 \nFor Official Use Only 5.5.1 Allowable Characters \nSee Section 5.6.1 for fixed format allowable characters. \nSee Section 5.6.2 for variable format allowable characters. \n5.6 .DOL File Fixed and Variab le Length Record Options \nTRANS, Header, Unstructured Attachment Indicator, Summary, and RECAP Records must \nalways be transmitted in fixed format. Filing and Schedule Records must be in variable format. \n5.6.1 Fixed Format Option \nThe fixed length option requires the TRANS, He ader, Unstructured Attachment Indicator, \nSummary, and RECAP Records to be transmitted ex actly as defined in Part II Record Layouts. \nAll fields must be present. If a field contains no data, it must be blank-filled or zero-filled. \n5.6.1.1 Numeric Fields – Fixed Format \nAll numeric fields must use numeric characters only: 0 – 9. \nUnsigned numeric fields must be right-justified and zero-filled unless otherwise specified. \nSigned numeric fields can also contain literal values. When entering a literal value, left-justify \nand blank-fill the field. \nSpecial fields: Date\n \nM = Month, D = Day, Y = Year (YYYY, MMYYYY, MMDDYYYY, YYYYMMDD). Leading \nzeros cannot be dropped. \nZip Code \nZip Codes should be left-justified and zero-filled. If there are only five Zip Code characters, the \nremaining positions should be zero-filled. \n5.6.1.2 Alphanumeric Fields – Fixed Format \nAlphanumeric fields must be left-justified and bla nk-filled. All alpha characters must be in upper \ncase. \nFor literal values, the exact character string fro m Field Description in Part II Record Layouts \nshould be entered. \nNon-significant fields should be blank-filled. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 15 \nFor Official Use Only 5.6.2 Variable Format Option \nThe variable length option provides for the transmission of only control information, significant \ndata fields , and significant data within individual fields . Filing , Schedule, and Unstructured \nAttachment Text Records must always be in variable format . All other records must be in fixed \nformat. \nThe following data field conventions must be followed when transmitting variable format \nrecords: \n5.6.2.1 Form and Schedule Records – Variable Format \nWhen transmitting in variable format, each Filing, Schedule, and Unstructured Attachment Text \nRecord will begin with a byte count and a r ecord beginning mark, followed by the control \ninformation for that record. These fields (fields 1-11 for Filing and Schedule, fields 1-15 for \nUnstructured Attachment Text) are in the same fixe d format shown in Sections 5.7.3, 5.7.4, and \n5.7.6.1. \nFollowing this control information are the data fields. Each data field is preceded by the \napplicable four-digit Field Sequence Number, which is enclosed by square bracket field \ndelimiters. The Record Terminus Character (#) follows the last data field in the record. It appears \nimmediately after the last data field. The start of the next record must immediately follow the \nterminus character (no blanks, spaces, or other characters are allowed between records). \n5.6.2.2 Numeric Fields – Variable Format \nAll numeric fields must use numeric characters only: 0 – 9. \nUnsigned numeric fields: Leading zeros may be dropped. \nSigned numeric fields (money amounts): Leading zeros are dropped. For a positive value, the \ntrailing blank that indicates a gain is dropped. For a negative value in a field that can contain \neither a gain or a loss, the minus sign (-) can be en tered in the first or last position of the signed \nnumeric field. \nSigned numeric fields that can also contain literal values. Enter signed numeric fields as \ndescribed above. When entering a literal value, le ft-justify the field; it is not necessary to enter \ntrailing blanks. \nSpecial fields: Date \n \nM = Month, D = Day, Y = Year (YYYY, MMYYYY, MMDDYYYY, YYYYMMDD). Leading \nzeros cannot be dropped. \nMoney Amount \nEnter whole dollar amounts (do not enter cents). Leading zeros are dropped. For a positive value, the trailing blank that indicates a gain is \ndropped. For a negative value in a field that can contain either a gain or a loss, the minus sign (-) \ncan be present in the first or last position of the signed numeric field. \nOmit non-significant fields. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 16 \nFor Official Use Only Percent Fields \nMost percent fields are four positions in le ngth. Decimal points and any other non-numeric \ncharacters should not be entered in any percent fiel d. Some of the percent fields will contain one \nor more implied fixed decimal positions (all fiel ds that contain implied decimal positions are \nindicated as such in Part II, Record Layouts). Da ta entered in these fields will be considered as \nright justified and zero filled to the left of the im plied decimal and left justified and zero filled to \nthe right of the implied decimal. For example, 7.5 % should be entered as “0750” in a field with \ntwo implied decimal places and as “0075” in a fiel d with one implied decimal place. All percent \nfields that do NOT have implied decimals should be right justified and zero filled. \n5.6.2.3 Alphanumeric Fields – Variable Format \nLeft-justify data in the field. Do not enter leading or trailing blanks. \nFor literal values, the exact character string fro m Field Description in Part II Record Layouts \nmust be entered. \nOmit non-significant fields. \n5.7 .DOL File Records \n5.7.1 TRANS Record Format \nThe first record in each .DOL file is th e TRANS Record. Each .DOL file has one and \nonly one TRANS Record. The Trans Record is always in fixed format. The TRANS Record is never encrypted. The following is the format for the TRANS Record: \nTRANS Record\n \n \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 Byte Count of Transmission \nRecord. Value = “0064” \n2 Record Beginning \nMark 4 A/N 5 Value = “****” \n3 Record ID 5 A/N 9 Value = “TRANS” \n4 Record Type \nIndicator 5 A/N 14 Indicates whether .DOL file is a \nlive or test filing. Value = “LIVEb\n” or “TESTb ” \n5 Transmitter’s \nEFIN 6 N 19 \n6 Transmitter’s EIN 9 N 25 \n7 Reserved 1 34 \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 17 \nFor Official Use Only TRANS Record \n \n8 Type of \nTransmission 1 A/N 35 D = Floppy Diskette, M = \nModem, T = Magnetic Tape, C = CD-ROM. \n9 Reserved 20 36 \n10 Reserved 8 N 56 \n Terminus \nCharacter 1 A/N 64 Value = # \n \n5.7.2 Header Record Format \nThe Header Record is always in fixed format. It must be encrypted in .DOL files sent modem-to-\nmodem. The format for the Header Record is as follows: \nHeader Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description/Origin \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 Byte count of Header Record. Value \n= “0036” \n2 Record Beginning \nMark 4 A/N 5 Value = “****” \n3 Record ID 5 A/N 9 Value = “HDRbb ” \n4 File Type 1 A/N 14 The type of Filing and Schedule \nRecords being submitted. Must be “V” = Variable. \n5 Software Developer ID \nCode 3 A/N 15 \n6 Reserved 6 18 \n7 Filing Type 2 A/N 24 Value “55” = Form 5500 or “EZ” = \nForm 5500-EZ. \n8 Form Year 4 N 26 Form year of 5500 or 5500-EZ, that \nis listed in the upper-right corner of \nthe form. Format: YYYY \n9 Reserved 6 30 \n Terminus Character 1 A/N 36 Value = “#” \n \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 18 \nFor Official Use Only 5.7.3 Filing Record Format \nFollowing the Header Record are the Filing Reco rds. Each page of each Form 5500 or Form \n5500-EZ has its own Filing Record. The Filing Records must be in variable format. All Filing Records must be encrypted in .DOL files sent modem-to-modem. \nPlease note that the pagination of Filing Record s corresponds to the machine-print 5500 series \nforms. \nThe following “control” information occurs at the beginning of each Filing Record: \nFiling Record\n \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 Byte Count of Filing Record. \n2 Record Beginning Mark 4 A/N 5 Value: “****” \n3 Control Information \nStart Indicator 1 A/N 9 Value: “[“ \n4 Record ID 5 A/N 10 Value: “FILbb ” \n5 Reserved 5 15 \n6 Form Type 3 A/N 20 Value: “55b ” (for Form 5500) or \n“55Z” (for 5500-EZ). \n7 Reserved 3 23 \n8 Page Indicator 2 A/N 26 Value “PG” \n9 Page Number 3 N 28 Page number of Form 5500 or \nForm 5500-EZ. \n10 Reserved 1 31 \n11 Control Information \nEnd Indicator 1 A/N 32 Value: “]” \n-- Data Fields begin here. NA NA 33 The first data field that appears on \nthe page of Form 5500 or Form 5500-EZ begins here. This field is listed here for reference and is not a part of the control information. \n \nFor the complete format of all the F iling Records, see Part II, Record Layouts. \n5.7.4 Schedule Record Format \nFollowing the Filing Records are the Schedule Reco rds. Each page of each schedule has its own \nSchedule Record. The Schedule Records must be in variable format. All Schedule Records must \nbe encrypted in .DOL files sent modem-to-modem. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 19 \nFor Official Use Only Please note that the pagination of Schedule Record s corresponds to the machine-print 5500 series \nforms. \nThe following “control” information occurs at the beginning of each Schedule record: \nSchedule Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 Byte Count of Schedule Record. \n2 Record Beginning \nMark 4 A/N 5 Value: “****” \n3 Control Information \nStart Indicator 1 A/N 9 Value: “[“ \n4 Record ID 5 A/N 10 Value “SCHbb ” \n5 Occurrence of \nSchedule 3 N 15 The sequential number of times in a \nfiling the Schedule occurs. For example, the first Schedule A in a filing would have a value here of 001. The second Schedule A in the same filing would have a value of 002. For \nmore information on repeating \nschedules, please see Section 4.1 of Part II the Record Layouts document.\n6 Schedule Type 3 A/N 18 Schedule A = “Abb ” , Schedule C = \n“Cbb ” , Schedule D = “Dbb ” , \nSchedule E = “Ebb ” , Schedule G = \n“Gbb ” , Schedule H = “Hbb ” , \nSchedule I = “Ibb ” , Schedule R = \n“Rbb ” , Schedule SSA = “SSA” \n7 Occurrence of Page \nNumber 5 N 21 The sequential number of times the \nPage Number occurs for each occurrence of a schedule. For example, the fourth time Page 4 of Schedule G appears would have an \nOccurrence of Page Number value of \n00004. Page numbering must be based on machine-print 5500 forms. \nNote: The 4-digit format remains \nacceptable. \n8 Combined with Line 7 above. \n9 Page Indicator 2 A/N 26 Value “PG” \n10 Page Number 3 N 28 Page Number of the Schedule. \n11 Reserved 1 31 \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 20 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n12 Control Information \nEnd Indicator 1 A 32 Value: “]” \n-- Data Fields begin \nhere. NA NA 33 The first data field that appears on the \nschedule page begins here. This field is listed here for reference and is not a part of the control information. \nFor the complete format of all the Schedul e Records, see Part II, Record Layouts. \n5.7.5 Unstructured Attachment Indicator Record \nThe Unstructured Attachment Indicator Records i ndicate what separate fil es are attached to the \nfiling. There must be a separate record for each f ile attached to the filing. These records must be \nin fixed format. All Unstructured Attachment Indi cator Records must be encrypted in .DOL files \nsent modem-to-modem. The following is the format for the Unstructured Attachment Indicator Record: \nUnstructured Attachment Indicator Record\n \nNo. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte count 4 N 1 Byte count of Unstructured \nAttachment Indicator Record. Value = “0100” \n2 Record Beginning \nMark 4 A/N 5 Value = “****” \n3 Record ID 5 A/N 9 Value: “UAIbb ” (Unstructured \nAttachment Indicator) \n4 Reserved 2 14 \n5 Transmission Filename 34 A/N 16 The filename that the file is transmitted \nas. This filename does not include the path of the file. Format 30.3, where the extension of the file must be in hexadecimal format. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 21 \nFor Official Use Only Unstructured Attachment Indicator Record \nNo. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n6 Format of Attachment 3 A/N 50 A three-digit code that indicates what \nformat the attachment is in. The codes are: “TXT” ASCII character (text) format, “DOC” Microsoft Word \ndocument format, “WPD” Corel \nWordPerfect document format, “PDF” Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF), “HTM” Hypertext-Markup Language (HTML) format, “XLS” \nMicrosoft Excel format, and “WKx” \nLotus 1-2-3 format (where x can be any integer.) \n7 Reserved 1 53 \n8 Attachment Type \nIndicator 3 A/N 54 A three-digit code that signifies the \nattachment type. Bbb = Schedule MB \nor SB Actuarial Attachment. Abb = \nSchedule H Accountant’s Opinion \n(AR/AO). Zbb = Other Attachment. \nAll attachments that are not Schedules \nMB or SB Actuarial Attachments or \nSchedule H Accountant’s Opinion \nAttachments are classified as “Other.” \n9 Occurrence of Schedule 3 N 57 The sequential number of the \noccurrence of schedule in the filing to \nwhich the file is attached. This \nnumber is given by field 5 of the Schedule Record to which the file is attached. If the attachment is attached to a form or schedule that does not \noccur multiple times, this value is 001. \nIf the attachment is attached to the entire filing, and not to any specific form or schedule, this number should be 000. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 22 \nFor Official Use Only Unstructured Attachment Indicator Record \nNo. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n10 Form/Schedule \nAttached to 3 A/N 60 5bb = 5500 , “Zbb ” = 5500-EZ \nSchedule A = “Abb ” , Schedule C = \n“Cbb ” , Schedule D = “Dbb ” , \nSchedule E = “Ebb ” , Schedule G = \n“Gbb ” , Schedule H = “Hbb ” , \nSchedule I = “Ibb ” , Schedule R = \n“Rbb ” , Schedule SSA = “SSA”. \nIf the attachment is attached to the \nentire filing, and not to any specific \nform or schedule, this field should be \nbbb. Note: Previous years allowed \nattaching the Actuarial Attachments \nto Schedule B. With the removal of \nSchedule B, the Actuarial \nAttachments must be attached to the \nFiling instead of a form or schedule. \n11 Occurrence of Page 4 N 63 The number of the occurrence of the \npage in the schedule to which the file \nis attached for pages that can occur multiple times; for all other pages, this value is 0001. This number is given by field 7 of the Schedule Record to which the file is attached. If file is not \nattached to any page, this should read \n“0000”. \n12 Page Indicator 2 N 67 Value = “PG” \n13 Page of Form/Schedule \nattached to 3 N 69 Page number of the form or schedule \nto which the file is attached. If file is \nnot attached to any page, this should read “000”. \n14 Field Indicator 2 A/N 72 Value = “FD” \n15 Field attached to 4 N 74 Four-digit field number to which the \nfile is attached. If file is not attached \nto any field, this should read “0000”. \n16 Reserved 22 78 \n Terminus Character 1 A/N 100 Value = “#” \n \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 23 \nFor Official Use Only 5.7.6 Unstructured Attachment Text Record \nThe Unstructured Attachment Text Record is a way to submit smaller ASCII text attachments to \nthe filing, without having to send separate files. \nAll Unstructured Attachment Text Records must be encrypted in .DOL files sent modem-to-\nmodem. The following is the format of th e Unstructured Attachment Text Records. \nUnstructured Attachment Text records consist of two parts: 1) the control information which \nmust be in fixed format and consists of the first fourteen fields, and 2) the attachment text which \nmust be in variable format and c onsists of fields 100 through 390. \n5.7.6.1 Control Info \nUnstructured Attachment Text Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte count 4 N 1 Byte count of Unstructured Attachment \nText Record. \n2 Record Beginning Mark 4 A/N 5 Value = “****” \n3 Control Information Start \nIndicator 1 A/N 9 Value: “[“ \n4 Record ID 5 A/N 10 Value: “UATbb ” (Unstructured \nAttachment Text) \n5 Reserved 60 15 \n6 Attachment Type Indicator 3 A/N 75 A three-digit code that signifies the \nattachment type. Bbb = Schedule MB \nor SB Actuarial Attachment . Abb = \nSchedule H Accountant’s Opinion \n(AR/AO). Zbb = Other Attachment. \nAll attachments that are not Schedule \nMB or SB Actuarial Attachments or \nSchedule H Accountant’s Opinion \nAttachments, including images for \nSchedules MB and SB are classified as \n“Other.” \n7 Occurrence of Schedule 3 N 78 The sequential number of the \noccurrence of schedule in the filing to which the file is attached. This number is given by field 5 of the Schedule Record to which the file is attached. If the attachment is attached to a form or \nschedule that does not occur multiple \ntimes, this value is 001. If the attachment is attached to the entire filing, and not to any specific form or schedule, this number should be 000. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 24 \nFor Official Use Only Unstructured Attachment Text Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n8 Form/Schedule Attached to 3 A/N 81 5bb = 5500 , “Zbb ” = 5500-EZ \nSchedule A = “Abb ” , Schedule C = \n“Cbb ” , Schedule D = “Dbb ” , Schedule \nE = “Ebb ” , Schedule G = “Gbb ” , \nSchedule H = “Hbb ” , Schedule I = \n“Ibb” , Schedule R = “Rbb ” , Schedule \nSSA = “SSA”. \nIf the attachment is attached to the \nentire filing, and not to any specific \nform or schedule, this field should be \nbbb. \n9 Occurrence of Page 4 N 84 The number of the occurrence of the \npage in the schedule to which the file is attached for pages that can occur \nmultiple times; for all other pages, this \nvalue is 0001. This number is given by field 7 of the Schedule Record to which the file is attached. If file is not attached to any page, this should read \n“0000”. \n10 Page Indicator 2 N 88 Value = “PG” \n11 Page of Form/Schedule \nattached to 3 N 90 Page number of the form or schedule to \nwhich the file is attached. If file is not attached to any page, this should read “000”. \n12 Field Indicator 2 A/N 93 Value = “FD” \n13 Field attached to 4 N 95 Four-digit field number to which the \nfile is attached. If file is not attached to any field, this should read “0000”. \n14 Reserved 1 99 \n15 Control Information End \nIndicator 1 A/N 100 Value: “]” \n \n5.7.6.2 Variable Format Data Fields \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n100 Attachment Text Line 1 80 A/N \n110 Attachment Text Line 2 80 A/N \n120 Attachment Text Line 3 80 A/N \n130 Attachment Text Line 4 80 A/N \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 25 \nFor Official Use Only no. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n140 Attachment Text Line 5 80 A/N \n150 Attachment Text Line 6 80 A/N \n160 Attachment Text Line 7 80 A/N \n170 Attachment Text Line 8 80 A/N \n180 Attachment Text Line 9 80 A/N \n190 Attachment Text Line 10 80 A/N \n200 Attachment Text Line 11 80 A/N \n210 Attachment Text Line 12 80 A/N \n220 Attachment Text Line 13 80 A/N \n230 Attachment Text Line 14 80 A/N \n240 Attachment Text Line 15 80 A/N \n250 Attachment Text Line 16 80 A/N \n260 Attachment Text Line 17 80 A/N \n270 Attachment Text Line 18 80 A/N \n280 Attachment Text Line 19 80 A/N \n290 Attachment Text Line 20 80 A/N \n300 Attachment Text Line 21 80 A/N \n310 Attachment Text Line 22 80 A/N \n320 Attachment Text Line 23 80 A/N \n330 Attachment Text Line 24 80 A/N \n340 Attachment Text Line 25 80 A/N \n350 Attachment Text Line 26 80 A/N \n360 Attachment Text Line 27 80 A/N \n370 Attachment Text Line 28 80 A/N \n380 Attachment Text Line 29 80 A/N \n390 Attachment Text Line 30 80 A/N \n Terminus Character 1 A/N Value = “#” \n5.7.7 Summary Record Format \nEach filing must have a single Summary Record at its end. It must be in fixed format. The \nSummary Record must be encrypted in .DOL f iles sent modem-to-modem. The following is the \nformat for the Summary Record: \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 26 \nFor Official Use Only Summary Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 Byte count of Summary Record. Value \n= “0112” \n2 Record Beginning Mark 4 A/N 5 Value = “****” \n3 Record ID 5 A/N 9 Value = “SUMbb ” \n4 Total pages in 5500 or \n5500-EZ 2 N 14 Total number of pages in Form 5500 or \n5500-EZ for this filing. \n5 Count of Schedules A 3 N 16 The number of Schedule A Schedules \nthat are a part of this filing. \n6 Reserved 1 19 \n7 Count of Schedules C 1 N 20 The number of Schedule C Schedules \nthat are a part of this filing. \n8 Count of Schedules D 1 N 21 The number of Schedule D Schedules \nthat are a part of this filing. \n9 Count of Schedules E 1 N 22 The number of Schedule E Schedules \nthat are a part of this filing. \n10 Reserved 1 23 \n11 Count of Schedules G 1 N 24 The number of Schedule G Schedules \nthat are a part of this filing. \n12 Count of Schedules H 1 N 25 The number of Schedule H Schedules \nthat are a part of this filing. \n13 Count of Schedules I 1 N 26 The number of Schedule I Schedules that \nare a part of this filing. \n14 Reserved 3 27 \n15 Count of Schedules R 1 N 30 The number of Schedule R Schedules \nthat are a part of this filing. \n16 Count of Schedules SSA 1 N 31 The number of Schedule SSA Schedules \nthat are a part of this filing. \n17 Reserved 3 32 \n18 Total pages of all \nSchedules 7 N 35 The total of all the pages for all the \nschedules for the filing. This count does not include Form 5500 or Form 5500-EZ. \n19 Count of Unstructured \nAttachment Indicator Records 4 N 42 The count of all Unstructured \nAttachment Indicator records. Value 0000 – 4095. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 27 \nFor Official Use Only Summary Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n20 Count of Unstructured \nAttachment Text Records 4 N 46 The count of all Unstructured \nAttachment Text records. Value 0000 – 4095. \n21 Filing Sequence Number 3 N 50 The position of this filing within the \nbatch of filings. The first filing in a batch would have a filing sequence number of 001. Maximum: 1000. If 1000, enter “000.” \n22 Reserved 1 53 \n23 Reserved 1 54 \n24 First PIN 16 A/N 55 First Signer’s Personal Identification \nNumber. For Form 5500 it must be the \nPlan Administrator’s PIN. For Form 5500-EZ, it must be the Employer or Plan Administrator’s PIN. \n25 First Signer ID 9 N 71 First Signer’s Signer ID. For testing, \nthis field should be filled with the Software Developer’s EIN. \n26 Reserved 1 80 \n27 Second PIN 16 A/N 81 Second Signer’s Personal Identification \nNumber. For Form 5500, it must be the Employer/Plan Sponsor or DFE’s PIN. \n28 Second Signer ID 9 N 97 Second Signer’s Signer ID. For testing, \nthis field should be filled with the \nSoftware Developer’s EIN. \n29 Reserved 6 106 \n Terminus Character 1 A/N 112 Value = “#” \n5.7.8 RECAP Record Format \nThe last record in a DOL file is the RECAP Record. The RECAP Record is always in fixed \nformat. It is never encrypted. It is formatted as follows: \nRECAP Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte count 4 N 1 Byte count of Recap Record. Value = \n“0064” \n2 Record Beginning Mark 4 A/N 5 Value = “****” \n3 Record ID 5 A/N 9 Value = “RECAP” \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 28 \nFor Official Use Only RECAP Record \n4 Record Type Indicator 5 A/N 14 Value = “LIVEb ” or “TESTb ” \n5 Transmitter’s EFIN 6 N 19 \n6 Transmitter’s EIN 9 N 25 \n7 Total Number of 5500 Filings 6 N 34 The total of field 7 and field 8 cannot \nexceed 001000. \n8 Total Number of 5500-EZ \nFilings 6 N 40 The total of field 7 and field 8 cannot \nexceed 001000. \n9 Total Number of Unstructured \nAttachments sent as separate files 4 N 46 Value 0000 – 4095. \n10 Total Number of Records (not \nincluding TRANS and RECAP) 12 N 50 \n11 Reserved 2 62 \n Terminus Character 1 A/N 64 Value = “#” \n \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 29 \nFor Official Use Only 6. Unstructured Attachment Files \nAny information that cannot be contained on the 5500 series Forms and Schedules may be \nsubmitted as an unstructured attachment. Exam ples of unstructured attachments include \nSchedules MB or SB Actuarial attachments, Sc hedule H Accountant’s Opinion attachments, and \nextension forms. There are two types of unstructu red attachments: 1) Unstructured attachments \nsubmitted as separate files to the DOL file and 2) unstructured attachments submitted within the \nDOL file. \nImages of pages for Schedules MB and SB in PDF format must be included as unstructured filing \nattachments. \nA filing may have up to 4,095 unstr uctured attachments submitted as sep arate files, in addition to \n4,095 unstructured attachments submitted within the DOL file. \nUnstructured attachments are att ached to the entire DOL file, not to a specific filing. Please see \nSection 4.1 for details. \n6.1 Naming Conventions \nEach unstructured attachment file must have the same filename as the .DOL file. The extension of \nthese unstructured attachment files must be a three-digit hexadecimal number (001-FFF). This number must be unique for each file in a transmission. \nFor example, if the NEWPLAN.DOL file containe d two filings with two attachments each, those \nattachments would be named NEWPLAN.001, NEWPLAN.002, NEWPLAN.003, and \nNEWPLAN.004. Please note three-digit hexadecimal number is a counter of the attachment’s place in a transmission, not its place in a filing. \n6.2 Transmission Sequence \nAll unstructured attachments must be transmitted af ter the .DOL file to which they are attached \nand before the next .DOL file in the tran smission (for both modem and magnetic media). See \nFigure 1 for an illustration. See Sections 9.3.5 a nd 9.3.6 for instructions on loading to magnetic \nmedia. \n6.3 Acceptable Formats \nThe following table lists the acceptable formats of the unstructured attachment files, as well as the \nminimum version required for each format: \nFORMAT MINIMUM \nVERSION \nASCII character (text) format -- \nMicrosoft Word document format 6.0 \nCorel WordPerfect document format 6.0 \nAdobe Portable Document Format (PDF) 3.0 \nHypertext-Markup Language (HTML) format -- \nMicrosoft Excel format 5.0 \nLotus 1-2-3 format 3.0 \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 30 \nFor Official Use Only 7. Validation Criteria \nThe electronic filing system has two sets of validation criteria: one for live filings, and one for \ntest filings. \n7.1 Live Filing Validation Criteria \nThe electronic filing system performs initial checks and sends initial electronic \nacknowledgements for live filings. These initial valid ation criteria include basic format checks, \nvirus checks, etc. If a filing is deemed non-acceptable for these initial checks, it is not processed \nany further. \nIf a filing passes these initial checks, that filing is passed on to a further processing system. \nHowever, the electronic filing system does not repor t any information about the tests done in that \nfurther processing system. That is, the electronic system does NO T report final acceptance or \nrejection of live filings . \n7.1.1 Live Filing Rejection Errors \nFollowing are initial rejection errors that may occur when filing electronic/external media filing. \nInitial Live \n#0003 Non-Standard Form or Schedule. You have submitted a Form or Schedule which \ncannot be processed in our Annual Repo rt processing environment. Forms and \nSchedules that do not conform to our st andard processing environment are not \nacceptable for processing. For future filings, please submit the correct version or \nformat. \n#0008 Decryption Failure. The filing could not be properly decrypted. Check to see that a \nvalid encryption key was used, properly entered, and that it has not expired. Also check to make sure that the correct tran smitter’s EFIN and correct indicator was used \n(Live, Test). Please make corrections and resubmit this filing. \n#0010 Improper Format. The file or batch r eceived contained an improperly formatted \nfield(s). Possibilities for this error include: Field number indicators, byte count, or field formatted improperly. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0011 PIN/Signer ID Authentication Failure. This filing contains an invalid Personal \nIdentification Number (PIN) or a Signer ID in the summary record of the filing. \nCheck to see that the PIN and Signer ID wh ich were used were properly entered. \nAlso check to make sure that the correct indicator is used (Live, Test). Please make \ncorrections and resubmit this filing. \n#0012 Filing Batch Contains Virus. Attachments within the filing batch were infected with \nat least one computer virus. Please check the filing and attachments and resubmit the filing batch. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 31 \nFor Official Use Only Initial Live \n#0013 Invalid Code. This filing contains an invalid Software Devel oper ID Code in the \nheader of the filing. Either the Software Developer ID Code is incorrect, or the \nSoftware Developer associated with the code has not passed PATS for the form year \nfor which you are filing. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0017 Invalid Field. The file received contains an invalid field. Please contact the software \nvendor. \n#0025 Indeterminable Batch Type . The transmitted batch is not labeled as either a Live or \nTest batch. Please make corrections and retr ansmit the batch or contact the software \nvendor. \n#0026 Filing Count Conflict. The number of f ilings listed in the RECAP record and the \nactual number of filings in the filing batch are not consistent. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0028 Invalid Form Year. The Form Year listed in the header record is invalid or a test \nfiling batch was submitted with two or more different Form Years. Please contact \nthe software vendor. \n#0099 Errors Exceed Maximum. There are more than 297 errors in this filing. Only the first \n297 errors can be reported. Please make n ecessary changes and retransmit the filing. \n7.2 Test Filing Validation Criteria \nFollowing are acknowledgement rejection error cod es and their respective explanations for test \n(PATS) filings. The list of errors in this section is a completely comprehensive list of test filing \nvalidation criteria. So, unlike live filings, test filings are given final acknowledgement from the \nelectronic filing system. Rejections that occur during the test electronic/external media filing of Forms 5500 and 5500-EZ are grouped into several categories: General, Gene ral Transmission, and by form or schedule. The \nforms and schedules included are Form 5500, Fo rm 5500-EZ, Schedule A, Schedule C, Schedule \nD, Schedule E, Schedule G, Schedule H, Schedule I, Schedule R, and Schedule SSA\n. \n7.2.1 General Rejection Errors \nFollowing are general rejection errors that may o ccur when filing electronic/external media filing. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 32 \nFor Official Use Only General \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0001 Invalid Zip Code. Zip code in the address of the Plan Sponsor in line 2a of Form \n5500 is not a valid zip code for the state indicated on the same line. Please check for \nthe accuracy of the zip code. \n#0002 Invalid Zip Code. The zip code in the addr ess of the Plan Sponsor in line 2a of Form \n5500-EZ is not a valid zip code for the state indicated on the same line. Please check for the accuracy of the zip code. \n#0003 Non-Standard Form or Schedule. You have submitted a Form or Schedule that \ncannot be processed in our Annual Repo rt processing environment. Forms and \nSchedules that do not conform to our st andard processing environment are not \nacceptable for processing. For future filings, please submit the correct version or format. \n#0005 Page Exists Containing No Data. No page of a schedule should be generated if there \nare no entries on that page record. A blank page (record ID only) may cause the filing to be deemed non-acceptable for processing. Please see Section 5.2. \n#0006 Form/Schedule Missing Page(s). Every page of Form 5500 or Form 5500-EZ must \nhave a record present. For the Schedules, only the pages (in proper sequence) that \ncontain significant data must have a logical record present. \n#0007 Incomplete Schedule. If page 2 and/or any succeeding page of any schedule contains \nsignificant data, page 1 of that schedule must also be present and must contain significant data (any filing data is present on the first page). \n#0008 Decryption Failure. The filing could not be properly decrypted. Check to see that a \nvalid encryption key was used, properly entered, and that it has not expired. Also \ncheck to make sure that the correct tr ansmitter’s EFIN and correct indicator was \nused (Live, Test). Please make co rrections and resubmit this filing. \n#0010 Improper Format. The file or batch r eceived contained an improperly formatted \nfield(s). Possibilities for this error include: Field number indicators, byte count, or field formatted improperly. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0011 PIN/Signer ID Authentication Failure. Th is filing contains an invalid Personal \nIdentification Number (PIN) or a Signer ID in the summary record of the filing. \nCheck to see that the PIN and Signer ID wh ich were used were properly entered. \nAlso check to make sure that the correct indicator is used (Live, Test). Please make \ncorrections and resubmit this filing. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 33 \nFor Official Use Only General \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0012 Filing Batch Contains Virus. Attachments within the filing batch were infected with \nat least one computer virus. Please check the filing and attachments and resubmit the filing batch. \n#0013 Invalid Code. This filing contains an in valid Software Developer ID Code in the \nheader of the filing. Either the Software Developer ID Code is incorrect, or the \nSoftware Developer associated with the code has not passed PATS for the form year \nfor which you are filing. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0014 Invalid Field Length. The file received cont ains a field(s) that is of invalid length. \nPlease contact the software vendor. \n#0015 Invalid Field Information. A field in the file received contains invalid information. \nPlease contact the software vendor. \n#0016 Duplicate Field. The file received contains duplicate fields. Please contact the \nsoftware vendor. \n#0017 Invalid Field. The file received cont ains an invalid field. Please contact the \nsoftware vendor. \n#0018 Invalid Header Information. The file recei ved contains a header record with invalid \ninformation. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0019 Invalid Byte Count. The file received contains an invalid byte count. Please contact \nthe software vendor. \n#0020 Forms Out of Order. The file received contains forms that were in the incorrect \norder. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0021 Number of Forms Exceed Limit. The file received contains more forms than \nallowable by electronic/external media filing. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0023 Missing Attachment. The unstructured attachment indicator record indicates there is \nan unstructured attachment but it cannot be located. Check to make sure the file \nname of the attachments is correct and resubmit the filing. If the problem persists, please contact the software vendor. \n#0024 Invalid EFIN. An invalid EFIN was used to transmit the filing batch. Possibilities \nfor this error include: transmission EFIN did not mach EFIN in TRANS or RECAP record; non software developer type subm itted a test batch; non transmitter type \nsubmitted a live batch. Please make co rrections and resubmit this filing. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 34 \nFor Official Use Only General \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0025 Indeterminable Batch Type . The transmitted batch is not labeled as either a Live or \nTest batch. Please make corrections a nd retransmit the batch or contact the \nsoftware vendor. \n#0026 Filing Count Conflict. The number of f ilings listed in the RECAP record and the \nactual number of filings in the filing batch are not consistent. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0027 Fields out of order. The filing or ba tch received contained field number indicators \nthat were out of order. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0028 Invalid Form Year. The Form Year listed in the header record is invalid or a test \nfiling batch was submitted with two or more different Form Years. Please contact the software vendor. \n#0029 Number of Test Filings Incorrect. The num ber of test (PATS) filings is incorrect. \nPlease make corrections and resubmit this test batch. \n#0099 Errors Exceed Maximum. There are more than 297 errors in this filing. Only the \nfirst 297 errors can be reported. Please ma ke necessary changes and retransmit the \nfiling. \n7.2.2 Form 5500 Errors \nThe following errors will occur af ter specific checks on Form 5500. \nForm 5500 \nError \nCode\n Explanation \n#0101 Invalid District Office Code. The District Office Code (the first two numerals of the \nEIN in line 2b of Form 5500) is not a va lid code. Please check the accuracy of the \nEIN that you have entered on this filing. \n#0102 Invalid Plan Fiscal Dates. Either the Y ear Ending Date is an earlier date than the \nYear Beginning Date or the time period c overed by these dates is longer than 12 \nmonths. The Beginning Date must be earlier than the Ending Date. This Fiscal Year \ncannot be longer than 12 months. \n#0104 Incorrect Entity Type. You may have not checked the appropriate Entity Type box \nor may have checked more than one box in Line A. Only one box on Line A is allowed to be checked. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 35 \nFor Official Use Only Form 5500 \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0105 Missing DFE Type. On Form 5500, you checked Box A(4) to indicate that your \nfiling is a DFE, however, you did not specify the type of DFE. Please enter the applicable code C, E, G, M, or P. \n#0106 Missing Schedule H. You have specified that you are filing as a DFE, however, there \nis no information entered on Schedule H, Part I, line 1f, or Schedule H, Part II, line 2d. \n#0107 Incorrect Indicator. You checked box B(3) to indicate that this is the final Form 5500 \nfor the plan. However, you either indica ted on line 7f that beneficiaries retained \nbenefits under the plan at the end of the year or indicated on line 1f(b) of Schedule H \nor line 1a(b) of Schedule I that the plan held assets at the end of the year. Box B(3) should be checked only if, during the year, distribution of all assets under the plan \nwas completed or a trustee was appointed for a terminated defined benefit plan \npursuant to ERISA section 4042. If these conditions have not been met, you must submit a complete filing, even if the plan was terminated or frozen or you made no contribution to the plan. \n#0109 Incorrect Code. Your Plan Number in line 1(b) indicates that your plan is a pension \nplan, but you did not enter the correct pl an characteristic code in line 8a. Please \ncheck the filing for the correct Plan Nu mber, Welfare Benefit, Entity Type, and \nType of Direct Filing Entity. \n#0111 Missing Date. The Plan Effective Date on Form 5500, line 1c cannot be blank. #0112 Incorrect EIN or PN. You indicated on line 5(b) of Schedule H or Schedule I that \nassets or liabilities were transferred from the Pl an to another during the plan year. \nYou showed the same EIN and Plan Number on line 5b(2) and (3) for the receiving \nplan(s) that appear on Form 5500 lines 1(b) and 2(b). You must show the EIN(s) and Plan Number(s) for the receiving plan(s) on lines 5b(2) and (3). \n#0113 Invalid Business Code. You failed to en ter a valid business code on line 2d. Please \ncheck the instructions for Form 5500 an d enter the appropriate business code. \n#0114 Missing Information. Your filing shows that you did not complete the required \ninformation regarding the Plan Administrato r. Please check to make sure that the \nAdministrator’s name is entered or that “S ame” is entered if the Plan Sponsor and \nAdministrator are one and the same. \n#0119 Missing EIN. Your Form 5500 shows th at you did not complete the required \ninformation regarding the Plan Administrator EIN. \n#0120 Missing Form. On your Form 5500, line 6, the number of participants you reported \nindicates that you should include Schedule H in the filing. Please add a Schedule H or correct the number of beginning plan participants on line 6. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 36 \nFor Official Use Only Form 5500 \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0121 Incorrect Calculation. The amount you en tered on Form 5500, page 2, line 7d is not \nequal to the sum of lines 7a, 7b, a nd 7c. Please check your addition. \n#0122 Incorrect Calculation. The amount you en tered on Form 5500, page 2, line 7f, is not \nequal to the sum of lines 7d and 7e. Please check your addition. \n#0123 Missing Information. You did not indicate a subtotal for the number of live \nparticipants at the end of the plan year on Form 5500, line 7d. Or you did not \nindicate a total for the number of participan ts at the end of the plan year on Form \n5500, line 7f. Please enter the correct numbers on line 7d and 7f. \n#0124 Missing Information. Your filing s hows you did not complete the required \ninformation regarding the Number of Par ticipants Covered under the Plan on line 6 \nof Form 5500. \n#0125 Incorrect Plan Number. You indicated on Form 5500, box 8a, that the plan provided \npension benefits. However, the Plan Nu mber you assigned to the plan on line 1b is \n501 or higher, indicating that the plan provides only welfare benefits. The Plan Number assigned to any plan that provides pe nsion benefits must be 001, or if there \nis more than one such plan, the next av ailable number in sequence. If you checked \nbox 8a incorrectly, please check the correct box. \n#0126 Missing Code. You failed to indicated on Form 5500, line 8a, the characteristic \ncodes for the plan from the list in the in structions for Form 5500. Please include the \nproper code(s). \n#0127 Missing Indicator. You failed to indicate on Form 5500, line 8 the types of benefits \n(i.e. pension or welfare) provided by the plan and the characteristic codes for the \nplan from the list provided in the instructi ons for Form 5500. Please complete line 8 \nby entering this information. \n#0129 Missing Indicator. You have not indicated on Form 5500, Part II, line 9(a) and/or \nline 9(b) the type of plan funding arrangement. \n#0130 Missing Amount. You have indicated that your plan contains a trust as the funding \nand/or benefit arrangement, however, you did not attach Schedule H or I, or the \nSchedule H or I you did attach was not properly calculated. Please attach the \nappropriate Schedule H or I or check your calculations. \n#0131 Missing Information. You have indicated on Schedule H that your plan assets \ncontain pooled-separate accounts, however, the appropriate boxes are not checked on Form 5500, Part II, line 9(a). Please check your responses to the plan funding arrangement on Form 5500 or change your pooled-separate account entries on \nSchedule H. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 37 \nFor Official Use Only Form 5500 \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0132 Missing Code. You have not indicated a valid plan funding and/or benefit \narrangement code(s) on Form 5500, line 9( a) or 9(b). Please provide the plan \nfunding and/or benefit arrangement by ma rking the appropriate code(s) on line 9(a) \nor 9(b). \n#0133 Missing Form. You have marked Form 5500, page 3, box 10a(1), but Schedule R is \nnot part of this filing. \n#0137 Missing Schedule. Form 5500, page 3, box 10a(3) indicates that a Schedule E is \nattached to the filing, but no Schedule E was found. \n#0138 Missing Schedule. Form 5500, page 3, box 10a(4) indicates that a Schedule SSA is \nattached to the form, but no Schedule SSA was found. \n#0139 Missing Form. You marked Form 5500, page 3, box 10b(1), but Schedule H is not \npart of this filing. \n#0140 Missing Form. You marked Form 5500, page 3, box 10b(3), but Schedule A is not \npart of this filing. \n#0141 Discrepancy in Form Count. You have indicated a number of Schedule As on Form \n5500, page 3, box 10b(3), but different number of Schedule As are part of this filing.\n#0142 Missing Form. You marked Form 5500, page 3, box 10b(4), but Schedule C is not \npart of this filing. \n#0143 Missing Form. You marked Form 5500, page 3, box 10b(5), but Schedule D is not \npart of this filing. \n#0144 Missing Form. You marked Form 5500, page 3, box 10b(6), but Schedule G is not \npart of this filing. \n#0148 Incorrect Code. If only Code 4 is indicated on line 9a and 9b in Part II of Form 5500, \nthen BOY or EOY total assets or total income for small or large plans must be zero, \nunless a non-standard schedule is attached. \n#0149 Missing Form. You marked Form 5500, page 3, box 10b(2), but Schedule I is not \npart of this filing. \n#0150 Missing Indicator. Line C of Part I of Form 5500 is not checked and line A of Form \n5500 contains “1” and line 8a contains the characteristic codes as indicated by line \nC. Please include the proper indicator for line C. \n \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 38 \nFor Official Use Only 7.2.3 Form 5500-EZ Errors \nThe following errors will occur after specific checks on Form 5500-EZ. \nForm 5500-EZ \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0201 Incorrect Time Period. The dates you show for the beginning and end of your \nplan year cover a period of more than 12 months. If the dates are incorrect, please enter the correct dates. If, however, the dates are correct, you must file two filings – one for twelve months and one for the short period. \n7.2.4 Schedule A Errors \nThe following errors will occur af ter specific checks on Schedule A. \nSchedule A \nError \nCode\n Explanation \n#0301 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule A must be the same as the \nPlan Number on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule A is \nthe same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \n#0302 Incorrect EIN. The Employer Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule A must be \nthe same as the EIN on Form 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule A is the same EIN as is on Form 5500. \n7.2.5 \n Schedule C Errors \nThe following errors will occur af ter specific checks on Schedule C. \nSchedule C \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0501 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Beginning date on Schedule C does not match the Plan \nYear Beginning date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated \non Schedule C is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 39 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule C \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0502 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Ending date on Schedule C does not match the Plan \nYear Ending date on the From 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on Schedule C is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#0503 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule C must be the same as the \nPlan Number on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule C is the same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \n#0504 Incorrect EIN. The Employer Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule C must be the \nsame as the EIN on From 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule C is the same EIN as shown on Form 5500. \n#0505 Missing Information. The Name, Position, or an Explanation for termination has been \nprovided on Part II of Schedule C, however, the Employer Identification Number is \nmissing. Please provide the EIN. \n#0506 Missing Information. The EIN, Position or Explanation for termination has been \nprovided on Part II of Schedule C, however, the Name of the terminated service is missing. Please provide the name. \n7.2.6 Schedule D Errors \nThe following errors will occur af ter specific checks on Schedule D. \nSchedule D \nError \nCode\n Explanation \n#0601 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Beginning date on Schedule D does not match the Plan \nYear Beginning date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated \non Schedule D is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#0602 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Ending date on Schedule D does not match the Plan \nYear Ending date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on \nSchedule D is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#0603 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule D must be the same as the \nPlan Number on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule D is \nthe same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 40 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule D \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0604 Incorrect EIN. The Employer Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule D must be \nthe same as the EIN on Form 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule D is the same EIN as shown on Form 5500. \n#0605 Missing Information. Information has been entered on Schedule D, part I, line a, b, c, \nd, or e, but not each line has been completed. If information is en tered on one line in \nSchedule D, part I, all five lines must be completed. \n7.2.7 Schedule E Errors \nThe following errors will occur af ter specific checks on Schedule E. \nSchedule E \nError \nCode\n Explanation \n#0701 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Beginning date on Schedule E does not match the Plan \nYear Beginning date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated \non Schedule E is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#0702 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Ending date on Schedule E does not match the Plan \nYear Ending date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on \nSchedule E is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#0703 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule E must be the same as the \nPlan Number on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule E is the same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \n#0704 Incorrect EIN. The Employee Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule E must be \nthe same as the EIN on Form 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule E is the \nsame EIN as shown on Form 5500. \n#0705 Incorrect Calculation. The total dividends paid to participants reported on Schedule E, \npage 3, line 18 (e) does not equal the sum of all amounts entered in column (e). \nPlease check your addition. \n#0706 Incorrect Calculation. The total dividends used to repay exempt loans on Schedule E, \npage 3, line 18(f), column (1), does not equal the sum of all amounts entered in \ncolumn (f)(1). Please check your addition. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 41 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule E \nError \nCode Explanation \n#0707 Incorrect Calculation. The total dividends used to repay exempt loans on Schedule E, \npage 3, line 18(f), column (2), does not equal the sum of all amounts entered in column (f)(1). Please check your addition. \n7.2.8 \nSchedule F Errors \nSchedule F cannot be filed electronically. 7.2.9 \nSchedule G Errors \nThe following errors will occur af ter specific checks on Schedule G. \nSchedule G Error \nCode\n Explanation \n#0901 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Begi nning date on Schedule G does not match the \nPlan Year Beginning date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on Schedule G is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#0902 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Ending date on Schedule G does not match the Plan \nYear Ending date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on \nSchedule G is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#0903 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule G must be the same as the \nPlan Number on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule G is \nthe same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \n#0904 Incorrect EIN. The Employee Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule G must be \nthe same as the EIN on Form 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule G is the same EIN as shown on Form 5500. \n7.2.10 Schedule H Errors \nThe following errors will occur af ter specific checks on Schedule H. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 42 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule H \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1001 Missing Schedule. Plan assets containing pooled-separate accounts or “other” \naccounts have been entered on Schedule H, however, this filing is missing Schedule \nA. Please review all your responses and if the plan contains insurance or pooled-separate account assets, complete the appropriate number of Schedules A. \n#1002 Incorrect Information. Schedule H Line 4i = No and any Schedule H, Part I, lines \n1c(2)(b) through 1d(2)(b) contain an amount. \n#1003 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Begi nning date on Schedule H does not match the \nPlan Year Beginning date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you \nindicated on Schedule H is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#1004 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Ending date on Schedule H does not match the Plan \nYear Ending date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on \nSchedule H is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#1005 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule H must be the same as the \nPlan Number on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule H is the same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \n#1006 Incorrect EIN. The Employer Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule H must be \nthe same as the EIN on Form 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule H is the same EIN as shown on Form 5500. \n#1007 Missing Indicators. According to your Schedule H, your plan assets contain \ninsurance contracts, however the approp riate boxes are not checked on Form 5500, \nPart ii, lines 9(a)(1) or 9(b)(1). Please ch eck your responses to the plan funding or \nbenefit arrangements on Form 5500 or else change your insurance or pooled separate \naccount entries on Schedule H. \n#1008 Incorrect Total. The total assets Beginning of Year amounts that are entered are not \ncorrect when added or subtracted in calculating the amount on Schedule H, Part I, line 1f(a), Total Assets. \n#1009 Incorrect Total. The Total Beginning of Year Liabilities on Schedule H, Part I, line \n1k(a) does not equal the sum of Beginning of Year Claims Payable, Beginning of \nYear Operating Payables, Beginning of Year Acquisition Indebtedness, and \nBeginning of Year Other Liabilities. \n#1010 Incorrect Total. The Net Assets Beginning of Year, Schedule H, Part I, line 11(a) \ndoes not equal Beginning of Year Total Assets, Schedule H, Part I, line 1f(a) minus Beginning of Year Total Liabilities, Schedule H, Part I, line 1k(a). \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 43 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule H \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1011 Incorrect Amount. The End of Year Value of Interest in Pooled-Separate Accounts \non Schedule H, line 1c(10)(b) does not correspond to the sum of the Current Value of Plans Interest in Separate Account at year-end for all Schedule(s) A. Please check your Pooled-Separate Account amounts ente red on both Schedule H and Schedule(s) \nA to ensure consistency in reporting. \n#1012 Incorrect Amount. The End of Year Valu e of Interest in Master Trust accounts on \nSchedule H, line 1(c)(11)(b), does not equal the sum of all End of Year Dollar Value \nof Interest amounts indicated in line (e) on Schedule D for all Master Trusts. Please \ncheck End of Year Value of Interest in Master Trust accounts on Schedules H and D to ensure consistency in reporting the amounts. \n#1013 Incorrect Amount. The End of Year Value of Interest in 103-12 Investment Entities \non Schedule H, line 1c(12)(b) does not equal the sum of all End of Year Dollar \nValue of Interest amounts indicated in column (e) on Schedule D for all 103-12 Investment Entities. Please check the E nd of Year Value of Interest in 103-12 \nInvestment Entities on Schedules H and D to ensure consistency in reporting. \n#1014 Missing Information. Schedule H Line 3b = 1, however Form 5500, Part I, line A(4) \nis blank. \n#1015 Incorrect Amount. End of Year Value of Unallocated Contract Funds indicated on \nSchedule H, line 1(c)(14)(b), is not c onsistent with what you have entered on \nSchedule A, line 6(f), Unallocated Contract Balance at End of the Current Year. Please check your entries on Schedule H, line 1(c)(14)(b) and Schedule A to ensure \nconsistency in reporting the amounts. \n#1016 Incorrect Total. The total assets End of Year amounts that are entered are not correct \nwhen added or subtracted in calculating the amount on Schedule H, Part I, line 1f(b), Total Assets. \n#1017 Incorrect Total. The Total End of Year Liabilities on Schedule H, Part I, line 1k(b) \ndoes not equal the sum of End of Year Claims Payable, End of Year Operating \nPayables, End of Year Acquisition Indebte dness, and End of Year Other Liabilities. \n#1018 Incorrect Total. The Net Assets End of Year, Schedule H, Part I, line 11(b) does not \nequal End of Year Total Assets, Schedule H, Part I, line 1f(b) minus End of Year Total Liabilities, Schedule H, Part I, line 1k(b). \n#1019 Incorrect Total. Total Contributions, Sche dule H, Part II, line 2a(3)(b) does not equal \nthe sum of Employers Contributions, line 2a(1)(A)(a); Participants Contributions, \nline 2a(1)(B)(a); Other Contributions, line 2a(1)(C)(a); and Non-cash Contributions, \nline 2a(2)(a). Please Check your calculations. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 44 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule H \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1020 Incorrect Total. The Total Interest, Sc hedule H, Part II, line 2b(1)(G)(b) does not \nequal the sum of Interest-bearing cash, line 2b(1)(A)(a); U.S. Government Securities, line 2b(1)(B)(a); Corporate Debt Instruments, line 2b(1)(C); Loans, line \n2b(1)(D)(a); Participant Loans, line 2b(1 )(E)(a); and Other, line 2b(1)(F)(a). Please \ncheck your calculations. \n#1021 Incorrect Total. The Total Dividends, Schedule H, Part II, line 2b(2)(c)(b) does not \nequal the sum of Preferred Stock, line 2b(2)(A)(a), and Common Stock, line \n2b(2)(B)(a). Please check your calculations. \n#1022 Incorrect Total. The Net Gain(Loss) on Sale of Assets, Schedule H, Part II, line \n2b(4)(C)(b) does not equal Aggregate Pro ceeds, line 2b(4)(A)(a), minus Aggregate \nCarrying Amount, line 2b(4)(B)(a). Please check your calculations. \n#1023 Incorrect Total. Total Unrealized Apprec iation of Assets, Schedule H, Part II, line \n2b(5)(C)(b), does not equal Unrealized A ppreciation/Depreciation of Real Estate, \nline 2b(5)(A)(a) minus Other, line 2b(5)(B )(a). Please check your calculations. \n#1024 Incorrect Total. Total Income, Schedule H, line 2d(b) does not equal the sum of \nTotal Contributions, line 2a(3)(b); Total In terest, line 2b(1)(G)(b); Total Dividends, \nline 2b(2)(C)(b); Rents, line 2b(3)(b); Ne t Gain, line 2b(4)(C)(b); Net Investment \nGain/Loss, lines 2b(5)(C)(b), 2b(6)(b), 2b(7 )(b), 2b(8)(b), 2b(9)(b), and 2b(10)(b); \nand Other Income, line 2c(b). Please check your calculations. \n#1025 Missing Information. An amount is entere d on Schedule H, page 3, line 2e(2)(a), \nhowever Form 5500, page 2, line 9b(1) is not marked. \n#1026 Incorrect Total. Total Benefit Payments , Schedule H, line 2e(4)(b) does not equal the \nsum of Directly to Participants, line 2e(1 )(a); To Insurance carriers, line 2e(2)(a); \nand Other line 2e(3)(a). Please check your calculations. \n#1027 Incorrect Total. Total Administrative Expenses, Schedule H, line 2i(5)(b) does not \nequal the sum of Professional Fees, line 2i(1)(a); Contract Administrator Fees, line 2i(2)(a); Investment Advisory and Management Fees, line 2i(3)(a); and Other, line \n2i(4)(a). Please check your calculations. \n#1028 Incorrect Total. Total Expenses, Schedu le H, line 2j(b) does not equal the sum of \nTotal Benefit Payments, line 2e(4)(b); Corr ective Distributions, line 2f(b); Deemed \nDistributions, line 2g(b); Interest Expense, line 2h(b); and Total Administrative Expenses, line 2i(5)(b). Please check your calculations. \n#1029 Incorrect Total. Net Income, Schedule H, line 2k(b) does not equal Total Income, \nSchedule H, line 2d(b) minus Total Expenses, Schedule H, line 2j(b). Please check \nyour calculations. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 45 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule H \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1030 Missing Information. Schedule H indicates that this plan had a transfer of assets \nfrom this plan, however, you did not complete the information contained in Part IV, \nline 5b. Please make sure you have included the Plan Name, Employer Identification Number, and Plan Number to which assets or liabilities were transferred. \n#1031 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4a, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1032 Missing Amount. Schedule H, line 4a is ma rked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1033 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4b is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1034 Missing Schedule. Schedule H, line 4b is marked “Yes” however Schedule G, Part I \nis not part of this filing. \n#1035 Missing Amount. Schedule H, line 4b is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1036 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4c, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1037 Missing Schedule. Schedule H, line 4c is marked “Yes” however Schedule G, Part II \nis not part of this filing. \n#1038 Missing Amount. Schedule H, line 4c is ma rked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1039 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4d, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1040 Missing Schedule. Schedule H, line 4d is marked “Yes” however Schedule G, Part \nIII is not part of this filing. \n#1041 Missing Amount. Schedule H, line 4d is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1042 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4e, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1043 Missing Amount. Schedule H, line 4e is ma rked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 46 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule H \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1044 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4f, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1045 Missing Amount. Schedule H, line 4f is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1046 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4g, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1047 Missing Amount. Schedule H, line 4g is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1048 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4h, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1049 Missing Amount. Schedule H, line 4h is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1050 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4i, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1051 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4j, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1052 Missing Information. Schedule H, line 4k, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer \nto this question is required. \n#1053 Missing Plan Name. This plan had a tran sfer of assets, however only the Employer \nIdentification Number(s) (EIN) and Plan Number(s) (PN) of the plans having received the assets are listed on Schedule H, line 5b. Please add the corresponding Name(s) of the Plan to line 5b. \n#1054 Missing Plan EIN. This plan had a transfer of assets, however only the Plan Name(s) \nand Plan Number(s) of the plans having received the assets are listed on Schedule H, line 5b. Please add the corresponding Employer Identification Number (EIN) of the Plan to line 5b. \n#1055 Missing Plan Number. This plan had a transfer of assets; however, only the Plan \nName(s) and Employer Identification Number(s) (EIN) of the plans having received \nthe assets are listed on Schedule H, line 5b. Please add the corresponding Plan Number(s) (PN) of the Plan to line 5b. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 47 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule H \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1056 Missing Schedule. If BOY Value of Funds Held in Insurance Company or EOY \nValue of Funds Held in In surance Company are present (S chedule H), then Schedule \nA must be attached unless Part I, B4 on Form 5500 indicates a short plan year or the Schedules A are in non-standard form. \n#1057 Missing Information. You indicated that an Accountant’s Opinion was not attached \nbecause Schedule H, Line 3d(1) is checked, but Form 5500, Part I, Line A(4) does \nnot contain “C”, “P”, or “M”. \n7.2.11 Schedule I Errors \nThe following errors will occur after specific checks on Schedule I. \nSchedule I \nError \nCode\n Explanation \n#1101 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Beginning date on Schedule I does not match the Plan \nYear Beginning date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated \non Schedule I is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#1102 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Ending date on Schedule I does not match the Plan \nYear Ending date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on \nSchedule I is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#1103 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule I must be the same as the Plan \nNumber on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule I is the same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \n#1104 Incorrect EIN. The Employer Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule I must be the \nsame as the EIN on Form 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule I is the same \nEIN as shown on Form 5500. \n#1105 Incorrect Total. Net Plan Assets Beginni ng of Year on Schedule I, line 1c(a) does not \nequal Total Plan Assets Beginning of Year, Schedule I, line 1a(a), minus Total Liabilities, Schedule I, line 1b(a). Please check your calculations. \n#1106 Incorrect Total. The amount on Schedule I, Total Plan Assets End of Year, line 1a(b), \nis less than the sum of the amounts on lines 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, and 3g. Please check your calculations. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 48 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule I \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1107 Incorrect Total. Net Plan Assets End of Year on Schedule I, line 1c(b) does not equal \nTotal Plan Assets End of Year, Schedule I, line 1a(b), minus Total Liabilities, Schedule I, line 1b(b). Please check your calculations. \n#1108 Incorrect Total. Total Income, Schedule I, line 2d(b) does not equal the sum of \nEmployers Contributions, line 2a(1)(a); Pa rticipants Contributions, line 2a(2)(a); \nOthers, line 2a(3)(a); Non-cash Contributi ons, line 2b(a); and Other Income, line \n2c(a). Please check your calculations. \n#1109 Incorrect Total. Total Expenses, Schedu le I, line 2i(b) does not equal the sum of \nBenefits Paid, line 2e(a); Corrective Distri butions, line 2f(a); Deemed Distributions, \nline 2g(a); and Other Expenses, line 2h(a). Please check your calculations. \n#1110 Incorrect Total. Net Income, Schedule I, line 2j(b), does not equal Total Income, \nSchedule I, line 2d(b) minus Total Expenses, Schedule I, line 2i(b). Please check your \ncalculations. \n#1111 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4a, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1112 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4a is ma rked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1113 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4b, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1114 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4b is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1115 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4c, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1116 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4c is ma rked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1117 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4d, is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1118 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4d is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1119 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4e is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 49 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule I \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1120 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4e is ma rked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1121 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4f is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1122 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4f is ma rked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1123 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4g is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1124 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4g is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1125 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4h is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1126 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4h is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1127 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4i is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1128 Missing Amount. Schedule I, line 4i is marked “Yes” but there is no corresponding \namount. Please enter the appropriate amount. \n#1129 Missing Information. Schedule I, line 4j is not marked “Yes” or “No”. An answer to \nthis question is required. \n#1130 Missing Plan Name. This plan had a tran sfer of assets, however only the Employer \nIdentification Number(s) (EIN) and Plan Number(s) (PN) of the plans having \nreceived the assets are listed on Schedule I, line 5b. Please add the corresponding \nName(s) of the Plan to line 5b. \n#1131 Missing Plan EIN. This plan had a transfer of assets, however only Plan Name(s) and \nPlan Number(s) of the plans having receive d the assets are listed on Schedule I, line \n5b. Please add the corresponding Employer Identification Number (EIN) of the Plan \nto line 5b. \n#1132 Missing Plan Number. This plan had a transfer of assets, however only the Plan \nName(s) and Employer Identification Number(s) (EIN) of the plans having received the assets are listed on Schedule I, line 5b. Please add the corresponding Plan Number(s) (PN) of the Plan to line 5b. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 50 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule I \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1133 Missing Information. Schedule I, Line 4k is not marked “Yes” or “No.” An answer to \nthis question is required. \n7.2.12 Schedule P Errors \nSchedule P cannot be file electronically. \n7.2.13 Schedule R Errors \nThe following errors will occur af ter specific checks on Schedule R. \nSchedule R \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1301 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Begi nning date on Schedule R does not match the \nPlan Year Beginning date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on Schedule R is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#1302 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Ending date on Schedule R does not match the Plan \nYear Ending date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on \nSchedule R is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#1303 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule R must be the same as the \nPlan Number on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule R is the same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \n#1304 Incorrect EIN. The Employer Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule R must be \nthe same as the EIN on Form 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule R is the same EIN as shown on Form 5500. \n#1306 Incorrect Total. The amount on Schedule R, line 6c is not equal to the amount on \nSchedule R, line 6a minus the amount on Schedule R, line 6b. Please check your \ncalculations and make the applicable corrections. \n#1308 Inconsistent Information. Form 5500, line 8a is marked and a characteristic code of \neither 2B or 2C has been entered for lin e 8a, however no amount has been entered on \neither line 6a or 6b of Schedule R. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 51 \nFor Official Use Only Schedule R \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1311 Incorrect Indicator. You have indicated No on line 8 of Schedule R and you have \nalso indicated either Increase or Decr ease. Please remove the Increase or Decrease \nindicator from line 8 of Schedule R. \n7.2.14 Schedule SSA Errors \nThe following errors will occur after specific checks on Schedule SSA. \nSchedule SSA \nError \nCode Explanation \n#1401 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Beginni ng date on Schedule SSA does not match the \nPlan Year Beginning date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on Schedule SSA is reported for the same period as indicated on Form \n5500. \n#1402 Incorrect Date. The Plan Year Ending da te on Schedule SSA does not match the Plan \nYear Ending date on Form 5500. Please make sure the information you indicated on \nSchedule SSA is reported for the same period as indicated on Form 5500. \n#1403 Incorrect Plan Number. The Plan Number on Schedule SSA must be the same as the \nPlan Number on Form 5500. Please ensure that the Plan Number on Schedule SSA is \nthe same Plan Number as shown on Form 5500. \n#1404 Incorrect EIN. The Employer Identification Number (EIN) on Schedule SSA must be \nthe same as the EIN on Form 5500. Please ensure that the EIN on Schedule SSA is the same EIN as shown on Form 5500. \n#1405 Missing Code. Schedule SSA, line 4(b) or 4(c) indicates a separated participant, \nhowever an Entry Code has not been ente red I Schedule SSA, line 4(a) to explain \nwhy it was reported. Please provide this entry code. \n7.2.15 Schedule T Errors \nSchedule T cannot be filed electronically. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 52 \nFor Official Use Only 8. Acknowledgement Format \n8.1 Acknowledgement File \nFor each batch of filings transmitted, the electr onic filing system generates an acknowledgement \nfile. The acknowledgement file is an ASCII text file. This acknowledgement file has the same \nname as the .DOL file of the transmitted batch. Thus, a transmitter transmitted a DOL file named: 01252001_001.DOL. The electronic filing system ge nerates an acknowledgement file \nwith the name of 01252001_001.ACK . For more information on DOL file naming conventions, \nsee Section 5.1. \nThese acknowledgement files are placed in a directory named according to the transmitter’s six-\ndigit EFIN directory. \nThis acknowledgement file is either an initial acknowledgement for all live batches submitted or \na final acknowledgement for all test batches submitted. For more information, see Section 7. \nFor more information about the technical specifi cations for the acknowledgement file, including \nthe phone number to dial, see Section 9.2. \n8.2 General Format Information \nAcknowledgement records are of fixed length format but the varying number of filings in a batch \nand the varying number of errors means that there are varying numbers of records in each \nacknowledgement batch. Each record contains 72 bytes. \nThe acknowledgement file itself is one file consisti ng of a number of records. The batch is first \nacknowledged in an ACKB Record. If the batch cannot be decrypted, contains a virus or is in an \ninvalid format, the ACKB Record is followe d by an ACKT Record listing the error(s) \nacknowledgement file in the batch. No f ilings are acknowledged if an ACKT exists. \nIf the batch is deemed acceptable for processi ng, an ACK Key Record exists for each filing \nwithin the transmitted batch. The ACK Key R ecord is followed by ACK Error Record(s) for \neach filing deemed non-acceptable within the ba tch. Once all filings are acknowledged, a \nRECAP Record exists to summarize the acknowledgement file. \n8.3 Unique Numbers Assigned by the Electronic Filing System \n8.3.1 DLN \nThe DLN (Document Locator Number) is a unique fourteen digit number that the EFAST \nElectronic Filing System assigns to each filing it processes. Both live and PATS filings receive DLNs, regardless of whether the filings are de emed acceptable or non-acceptable for processing. \nThe DLN of each filing deemed non-acceptable is included in the acknowledgements the EFAST \nElectronic Filing System issues. You may need this number in order for the EFAST Electronic \nSystem to provide quick and accurate user s upport. This number is formatted as follows: \n• Digits 1 and 2 are always 55 (the code for EF). \n• Digit 3 always is 0. \n• Digits 4 and 5 indicate the type of filing: 31 = 5500EZ and 37 = 5500. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 53 \nFor Official Use Only • Digit 6 indicates the last digit of the processing year . The digit “4” indicates the year 2004. \nThe digit “5” indicates the year 2005, and so on. This number changes each January 1. \n• Digits 7 , 8 and 9 indicate the Julian processing date of the transaction. \n• Digits 10 , 11, 12, 13, and 14 are the sequential number of the filing for the day. \n8.3.2 Batch ID \nThe Batch ID is a unique ten digit number that the EFAST Electronic Filing System assigns to \neach batch it processes. Both live and PATS batch es receive Batch IDs regardless of whether the \nbatch is deemed acceptable or non-acceptable for processing. \nThe Batch ID of each batch deemed non-accepta ble is included in the acknowledgements the \nEFAST Electronic Filing System issues. You may need this number in order for the EFAST Electronic System to provide quick and accurate user support. \n8.4 Receiving Acknowledgements \nTo receive acknowledgements: \n• Set up a Dial-up networking connection to the MCI service on Windows 95/98, or set up a \nRAS session via Windows NT. You must have Ve rsion 1.3 or greater of Dial-up Networking \ninstalled on your Windows 95/98 operati ng system. Phone number: 888 273-9539. \n• Use the EFIN for the user name a nd the password for the password. \n• Establish an FTP connection to the EFAST server. IP address: 192.168.20.70. Use the EFIN \nfor the user name and the password for the passwor d. You must enable binary transfer mode. \n• The system automatically transfers you to your user directory. At this time, all *.ack files \nmay be downloaded via FTP. \n8.5 ACK Batch Record \nFollowing is the format for the ACKB R ecord of the acknowledgement file. The \nAcknowledgement file always begi ns with this record and pr ovides information on the filing \nbatch submitted. \nACK Batch Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 “0072” \n2 Start of Record Sentinel 4 A/N 5 “****” \n3 Record ID 4 A/N 9 Value “ACKB” \n4 Acceptance Code of Batch 1 A/N 13 “A” = Acceptable. “R” = Non-acceptable. \n5 Batch ID 10 N 14 A unique ten digit number that the EFAST \nElectronic Filing System assigns to each batch. \n6 .DOL Filename 30 A/N 24 Filename minus the .DOL extension. \n7 EFIN 6 N 54 Transmitter’s EFIN \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 54 \nFor Official Use Only ACK Batch Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n8 Date Received 8 N 60 Date batch was received. Format: \nMMDDYYYY \n9 Reserved 4 68 \n Record Terminus Character 1 A/N 72 Value “#” \n8.6 ACK Batch Error Record \nThe ACKT Error Record exists only if field 2 of the ACKB is R. The ACKT then provides more \ninformation on the rejection. The RECAP Reco rd always follows the ACKT Record since no \nfilings are acknowledged if the batch is deemed non-acceptable. \nACK Batch Error Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 “0072” \n2 Record Beginning Mark 4 A/N 5 “****” \n3 Record ID 4 A 9 Value “ACKT” \n4 Error Reject Code1 4 N 13 \n5 Record Number 2 N 17 \n6 Error Reject Code2 4 N 19 \n7 Record Number 2 N 23 \n8 Error Reject Code3 4 N 25 \n9 Record Number 2 N 29 \n10 Error Reject Code4 4 N 31 \n11 Record Number 2 N 35 \n12 Error Reject Code5 4 N 37 \n13 Record Number 2 N 41 \n14 Error Reject Code6 4 N 43 \n15 Record Number 2 N 47 \n16 Error Reject Code7 4 N 49 \n17 Record Number 2 N 53 \n18 Error Reject Code8 4 N 55 \n19 Record Number 2 N 59 \n20 Error Reject Code9 4 N 61 \n21 Record Number 2 N 65 \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 55 \nFor Official Use Only ACK Batch Error Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n22 Reserved 5 67 \n Record Terminus Character 1 A/N 72 Value “#” \n8.7 ACK Key Record \nAn ACK Key Record exists for each filing submitted in a filing batch. The character b represents \none blank. \nACK Key Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 “0072” \n2 Start of Record Sentinel 4 A/N 5 “****” \n3 Record ID 4 A/N 9 Value “ACKb ” \n4 Acceptance Code 1 A/N 13 “A” = Acceptable. “R” = Non-acceptable \n5 Date Processed 8 N 14 MMDDYYYY \n6 Error Count 3 N 22 Number of errors contained in the following \nerror record \n7 Document Locator Number \n(DLN) 14 N 25 Numeric \n8 Sponsor’s EIN 9 N 39 \n9 Plan Number 3 N 48 Numeric \n10 Reserved 21 51 \n Record Terminus Character 1 A/N 72 Value “#” \n \n8.8 ACK Error Record \nThe ACK Error Record exists in the acknowledge ment file following each ACK Key Record that \ncontains an R in field 5. Fields 2-6 of the Error Record may repeat up to 3 times per record with blanks filling any fields that contain non-significant data. Th is is represented by including \nnaming the repeating fields a, b, and c. The record itself can repeat up to 99 times listing a total of 297 errors depending upon how many errors exist in a filing. \nACK Error Record\n \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 “0072” \n2 Start of Record Sentinel 4 A/N 5 “****” \n3 Record ID 4 A/N 9 Value “ACKR” \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 56 \nFor Official Use Only ACK Error Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n4 Error Reject Code1 4 N 13 \n5 Error Form Record Number1 2 N 17 \n6 Error Form Occurrence1 3 N 19 \n7 Page Occurrence1 4 N 22 \n8 Error Field Sequence \nNumber1 4 N 26 \n9 Error Reject Code2 4 N 30 \n10 Error Form Record Number2 2 N 34 \n11 Error Form Occurrence2 3 N 36 \n12 Page Occurrence2 4 N 39 \n13 Error Field Sequence \nNumber2 4 N 43 \n14 Error Reject Code3 4 N 47 \n15 Error Form Record Number3 2 N 51 \n16 Error Form Occurrence3 3 N 53 \n17 Page Occurrence3 4 N 56 \n18 Error Field Sequence \nNumber3 4 N 60 \n19 Reserved 8 64 \n Record Terminus Character 1 A/N 72 Value “#” \n8.8.1 Error Form Record Number Codes \nThe following table lists the two-digit error form record number codes for each form and \nschedule: \nForm Name Form Record Number \nForm 5500 02 \nForm 5500EZ 04 \nSchedule A 06 \nSchedule C 10 \nSchedule D 12 \nSchedule E 14 \nSchedule G 24 \nSchedule H 18 \nSchedule I 20 \nSchedule R 22 \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 57 \nFor Official Use Only Form Name Form Record Number \nSchedule SSA 30 \nUnstructured Attachment \nIndicator (UAI) 32 \nInline Unstructured \nAttachment (UAT) 34 \nTrans Record 36 \nHeader Record 38 \nSummary Record 40 \nRecap Record 42 \nCrypt Record 44 \n \nSchedules MB and SB are not included in the data stream. They are to be attached as \nunstructured filing attachments in PDF format . \n8.9 ACK Recap Record \nThis record is a summary of the acknowledgement s in the filing batch and is always present as \nthe final record in an acknowledgement batch. \nACK Recap Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 “0072” \n2 Start of Record Sentinel 4 A/N 5 “****” \n3 Record ID 6 A/N 9 Value “RECAPb ” \n4 Total Filing Count 6 N 15 \n5 Total Filings Deemed \nAcceptable 6 N 21 \n6 Total Filings Deemed \nUnacceptable 6 N 27 \n7 Transmitter’s EFIN 6 N 33 \n8 Date Batch Received 8 N 39 Format: MMDDYYYY \n9 Reserved 25 47 \n Record Terminus Character 1 72 Value “#” \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 58 \nFor Official Use Only 9. Electronic/Magnetic Media Specifications \n9.1 General Information \nFilers can transmit two different ways: \n1. Through a direct modem-to-modem connection and \n2. On magnetic media \nThose interested in filing electronically should submit EFAST-1: Application for EFAST \nElectronic Signature and Codes for EFAST Transmi tters and Software De velopers. After this \napplication is accepted, the transmitter will be i ssued an EFIN, Password, and Encryption Key. \nOnly modem-to-modem filers will need to use the password and encryption key. \nFor more information on the application pr ocess and general EFAST participation, see \nPublication EFAST-A, Electronic Filing User’s Guide. \n9.2 Modem-to-modem Specifications \nTo transmit filings: \n• Set up a Dial-up networking connection to the MCI service on Windows 95/98, or set up a \nRAS session via Windows NT. You must have Vers ion 1.3 or greater of Dial-up Networking \ninstalled on your Windows 95/98 operati ng system. Phone number: 888 273-9539. \n• Use the EFIN for the user name a nd the password for the password. \n• Establish an FTP connection to the EFAST server. IP address: 192.168.20.70. Use the EFIN \nfor the user name and the password for the passwor d. You must enable binary transfer mode. \n• The system automatically transfers you to your user directory. At this time, the filing batches \nmay be uploaded via FTP. \nAll modem-to-modem filings must be encrypted. The encryption .DLL will automatically encrypt \nall necessary portions of the .DOL file as well as all the Unstructured Attachment files for \nmodem-to-modem filings. For more inform ation about encryption, see Section 10. \n9.3 Magnetic Media Specifications \nOnly complete filings and their attachm ents can be submitted on magnetic media (i.e., \nfilings cannot span tapes or diskettes). \nAll Magnetic Media must be formatted usi ng ASCII text. Filings submitted on magnetic \nmedia must not be encrypted. \n9.3.1 ACCEPTABLE TYPES OF MEDIA \n9.3.1.1 Diskette \nHigh density (1.44 MB) diskettes in standard MS-DOS format. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 59 \nFor Official Use Only 9.3.1.2 CD-ROM \n5-1/4 inch CD-ROM disks written using the ISO-9660, hierarchical file system (HFS), or Hybrid \nHFS - ISO 9660 file system standard. \n9.3.1.3 Magnetic Tape \nThe block size for all magnetic tapes must be unde r 60,000 bytes. The acceptable tape formats \nare as follows: \n9-track magnetic tape: \n \nMEDIA: REEL TAPE - 1/2 INCH - 9 TRACK \nDENSITY: 1600 BPI – 6250 BPI \nCHARACTER \nSET: ASCII \nRECORD \nLENGTH: (choose a convenient size – i.e. 8,192) \nBLOCK SIZE: (block size = record size - i.e. 8,192 where block size < 60,000) \nINTERNAL \nLABEL: Internal Labels are required. \nStandard Label Preferred VOL1, \nHDR1, HDR2, EOF OR EOV Tapemarks Separating labels from data \nEXTERNAL LABEL: All magnetic tape must have external labe ls. See Section 9.3.7 of this document \nfor labeling instructions. \n \nAll tapes that arrive without labels consis ting of the fields listed above will not be \nprocessed. The following specifications also apply to the 9-track tape: \n• Type of tape - 0.5” (12.7mm) wide Mylar base, computer grade magnetic tape on \nreels of up to 2400 feet (731.52m) within the following specifications: \n• Tape thickness - 1.5 mils. \n• Reel diameter - 10.5 inch (26.67 cm), 8.5 inch (21.59cm), or 7 inch (17.78cm). \n• Parity - odd. \n• Inter record gap - .3 inch for 6250 BPI. / .6 inch for 1600 BPI. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 60 \nFor Official Use Only 3480 and 3490 cartridge: \n \nMEDIA: 3480 Cartridge - 18 Track / 3490 Cartridge – 36 Track \nDENSITY: 38,000 BPI \nCHARACTER \nSET: ASCII \nRECORD \nLENGTH: (choose a convenient size – i.e. 8,192) \nBLOCK SIZE: (block size = record size - i.e. 8,192 where block size < 60,000) \nINTERNAL \nLABEL: Internal Labels are required. \nStandard label preferred VOL1, \nHDR1, HDR2, EOF or EOV tapemarks \nSeparating labels from data \nEXTERNAL LABEL: All magnetic tapes must have external labels. See Section 9.3.7 of this \ndocument for labeling instructions. \n \nAll tapes that arrive without labels consisting of the fields listed above will not be \nprocessed. \n8 mm DAT -ANSI/EIA/ ISO/IEC standard, 8 mm wide magnetic tape cartridge; \n4 mm DAT - Standard 90M or 60M, 4 mm wide magnetic tape cartridge. \n9.3.2 Magnetic Tape File Characteristics \nFor all magnetic tapes, use fixed block – 8,192 or 16,384 or 32,768 bytes. The block size \nfor all magnetic tapes must be under 60,000 bytes. \n9.3.3 Magnetic Tape Sequence \nFor magnetic tapes, the tape header should precede the normal sequence for DOL files \n(see Section 5.4 for more information). An example magnetic tape’s layout follows: \n(1) TAPE HEADER \n(2) [filing1].DOL \n(3) [filing1_attach1].001 (4) [filing1_attach2].002 (5) [filing2].DOL (6) [filing2_attach1].001 (7) [filing2_attach2].002 \n(8) etc… \n9.3.4 Creating Magnetic Tapes \nAll magnetic tapes that are to be submitted to the EFAST system should be ASCII Format \nand both internally and externally labeled with a fixed block size of 8192 or 16384 or 32768. \nRefer to the file sequence in Section 9.3.3 . \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 61 \nFor Official Use Only In order to transfer the .DOL to the tape, you must first choose a block size for the tape. Then, \nwrite the binary .DOL file to the tape. Fill each fixed block on the tape completely with data \nfrom the .DOL file before beginning to write to the next block. If the size of your .DOL file is \nnot a multiple of the fixed block size you have chosen (and, in most cases, it will not be), the size \nof the last block on the tape should match the size of the remaining data. \n \nExample: \nYou have a .DOL file is that is 16,385 bytes, an d you choose to put that file on a tape which has a \nfixed block size of 8192. \nThe first block on the magnetic tape would c ontain the first 8192 bytes from the .DOL file. \nThe second block on the magnetic tape would cont ain the second 8192 bytes from the .DOL file. \nThe third block on the magnetic tape would contain the final single byte from the .DOL file. \nThat is, \nBlock 1 = 8192 bytes \nBlock 2 = 8192 bytes \nBlock 3 = 1 byte \nTotal = 16,385 bytes \n \nAll users of tape media, whether they use the STK Redwood, STK 9840, IBM 3590, IBM 3490E, \nDAT, Exabyte, DLT, or any other type of media, must use magnetic labels . The format of these \nlabels is defined by ANSI Standard X 3.27, a nd major computer suppliers such as IBM provide \nrelevant documentation. One such manual published by IBM is: \nUsing Magnetic Tape Labels and File Structure \nSC26-4565 (1991) \nReading tapes after creation for verification. \nLabeled Tapes \nFinding the maximum block size of a tape: \nThe maximum block size can be found by issuing a “Scan Tape” command. In the case of \na labeled tape, the block size can be found in the HDR2 label. For example, \nHDR2F 08192 00132... shows a file of fixed length records with a maximum block size of \n8192. \nFinding the record length of a tape: \nIf the tape is labeled, again the information can be found in the HDR2 label. For example, \nHDR2F08192 00132 ... shows a file of fixed length records with a record length of 132. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 62 \nFor Official Use Only Unlabeled Tapes \nIf the tape is unlabeled, and without knowledge of how the tape was written, the only way \nto find out the size of the records is by inspec ting the tape and counting the bytes. This is \nwhy it is important to use labels. \n9.3.5 INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMITTING FILINGS ON MAGNETIC TAPES \nAll magnetic tape submissi ons should be formatted according to ANSI Standard X3.27-1987 (rev \n1998) . \nSee Section 9.3.3 for magnetic media sequence. The filename of each .DOL file must be unique. See Section 5.1. The filename of the \nunstructured attachment files must correspond to the guidelines in Section 6.1. \n9.3.6 INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMITTING FILINGS ON CD-ROM OR DISKETTE \nAll files transmitted on CD-ROM or Diskette must be in the root directory of the media. \nFiles on CD-ROM or diskette must be submitted in the following order: First .DOL file and all \nthe unstructured attachments attached to that .DOL file, next .DOL file and all the unstructured \nattachments attached to that .DOL file, etc. Figure 1, Section 4. \nThe filename of each .DOL file must be unique. See Section 5.1. The filename of the \nunstructured attachment files must correspond to the guidelines in Section 6.1. \n9.3.7 LABELING ON ALL MEDIA \nA transmitter must place a label on both the packaging of the media and on each piece of media \nitself. These labels should be identical. Th ey should both have the following information on \nseparate lines of the label: \n• Media Type – This indicates the kind of media bei ng submitted; the choices are: Diskette, \nCD-ROM, 9-Track Magnetic Tape, 3480/349 0 Cartridge, 8mm DAT, or 4mm DAT. \n• ASCII character set indication – If you are submitting 9-Tr ack or 3480/3490 magnetic \ntapes, you must indicate that the tape is in the ASCII character set. All other media does not \nrequire this indication. \n• Record length indication – If you are submitting 9-Track or 3480/3490 magnetic tapes, you \nmust indicate the tape’s record length. All other media does not require this indication. \n• Block size indication – If you are submitting 9-Track or 34 80/3490 magnetic tapes, you must \nindicate the tape’s block size. All other media does not require this indication. \n• Media ID – This line must always read: “EFAST Processing System”. \n• Transmitter’s Name – The name of the company submitting magnetic media. \n• Transmitter’s Contact Name – The contact name at the company submitting magnetic \nmedia. \n• Transmitter’s EIN – EIN of the company submitting magnetic media. \n• Transmitter’s EFIN – EFIN of the company submitting magnetic media. \n• Date Created – The date that the data or informati on was created and stored on media. \nFormat: MM-DD-YYYY . \n• Sensitivity Indicators – Media containing sensi tive information should be labeled “For \nOfficial Use Only, Sensitive Benefit Plan Data” . \n• Plan Year – This line indicates what plan year filings the tape holds. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 63 \nFor Official Use Only • Destination Agency Name – This line should always read: “To: Department of Labor”. \n• Date created – If you are submitting 9-Tr ack or 3480/3490 magnetic tapes, you must \nindicate the date the tape was created. All other media does not require this indication. \n• Total number of batches – If you are submitting 9-Track or 3480/3490 magnetic tapes, \nyou must indicate the total number of batc hes contained on the tape. All other media \ndoes not require this indication. \n• Total number of filings – If you are submi tting 9-Track or 3480/ 3490 magnetic tapes, \nyou must indicate the total number of filings c ontained on the tape. All other media does not \nrequire this indication. \nThe following is an example label for filings sent in on a diskette: \nDiskette \nEFAST Processing System \nFrom: Hart Smith, Inc. \nContact: John Smith EIN: 01-4585684 EFIN: 175682 Created: 07-06-2008 \nFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY, SENSITIVE BENEFIT PLAN DATA \n2008 Plan Year Data To: Department of Labor \nThe following is an example label for f ilings sent in on a 3480 magnetic tape: \n3480 \nCode set: ASCII \nRecord length: 8,192 \nBlock size: 8,192 EFAST Processing System From: Hart Smith, Inc. Contact: John Smith \nEIN: 01-4585684 \nEFIN: 175682 Created: 07-06-2008 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY, SENSITIVE BENEFIT PLAN DATA 2008 Plan Year Data To: Department of Labor \nTotal # of batches: 22 \nTotal # of filings: 503 \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 64 \nFor Official Use Only 10. Encryption \nPrior to transmission into the EFAST host system, all .DOL files and their attachment files sent \nmodem-to-modem must be encrypted. Files may be encrypted in one of two ways: \n1. Developers may choose to develop their own encr yption systems that are compatible with the \nsystem outlined in Section 10.1. The developers of such a system are responsible for ensuring \ncompatibility with the EFAST system by adheri ng to this document and any documents to \nwhich this document refers. \n2. Developers can use Windows based dynamic link libraries (DLLs) which perform all the \nnecessary encryption operations. This op tion is detailed in Section 10.2. \n10.1 Developing Your Own Encryption System \n10.1.1 Required Encryption Algorithm \nThe cryptographic algorithm that is required is the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm. The X9 \nANSI committee has documented this algorithm in their publication ANSI X9.52. Further \ndocumentation is available from the National Institu te of Standards and Technology (NIST). Such \ndocuments are called Federal Information Processi ng Standards Publications (FIPS Pub). FIPS \nPub 46-2 and Draft FIPS Pub 46-3 document th e Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Triple \nDES respectively. At the time of this writing, the NIST prov ided access to FIPS Pub 46-2 on the web at \nhttp://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/fip46-2.htm;\n the NIST also provided access to the Draft FIPS \nPub 46-3 on the web at http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/des/fr990115.htm . \n10.1.2 Triple DES Encryption Requirements \nThe EFAST system currently supports the Trip le DES encryption algorithm. The information \nrequired by the encryption algorithm follows: \nEncryption Mode: Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode \nBlock Size: 8 byte blocks (each byte is 8 bits) Initialization Vector (Hexadecimal): BD 6C C2 FE 32 3E B2 C9 Cryptographic Key: 192-bit keys are issued once an application is accepted Note : A Triple DES encryption key is three successive DES encryption keys. Each DES key is a \n56-bit key with 8-bits of parity. Therefore, an EFAST Triple DES key has a key-space of 168-bits \nand 24 parity bits. \n10.1.3 Required Steps to Encrypt an EFAST .DOL File and Attachments \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 65 \nFor Official Use Only 10.1.3.1 Encryption Record \nEvery encrypted EFAST file must have an encrypti on record inserted just prior to the encrypted \ndata. That record is formatted as follows: \n \nEncryption Record \nno. Identification Length Type Start pos. Description \n1 Byte Count 4 N 1 Byte Count of Encryption Record. \nValue = “0040” \n2 Record Beginning \nMark 4 A/N 5 Value = “****” \n3 Record ID 5 A/N 9 Value = “CRYPT” \n4 Type of Encryption 4 A/N 14 Four-digit code that indicates the type \nof encryption used to encrypt the file. \nFor pilot, will always be “TDEA” \n(Which stands for Triple Data Encryption Algorithm). \n5 Length of encrypted \ndata 10 N 18 Byte count of encrypted data, including \npadded bytes. \n6 Number of bytes \npadded to the end of the encrypted data 6 28 Count of how many extra bytes needed \nto be padded to the end of the encrypted data. In the .DOL file, the \n“encrypted data” is the entirety of \ninformation between the TRANS and RECAP records. In an unstructured attachment, the “encrypted data” is the entirety of the data of the file. \n7 Reserved 6 34 \n Terminus Character 1 A/N 40 Value = # \n \nNote: The Encryption Record contains fields for the Length of Encrypted Data (Data \nLength) and the Number of Bytes Padded (Padded Length). Block encryption algorithms \nrequire that encrypted data be a multiple of the block size for that block encryption algorithm. If the length of the encrypted data is a multiple of the block size, then the Padded Length must be zero. Otherwise, the en crypted data written to .DOL file or the \nFiling Attachment File must be padded out to a multiple of the block size and the Data \nLength field must be adjusted to reflect th e change. Also, the Padded Length field must \nbe set to the number of bytes that were padded/added. For example, if you need to \nencrypt 123 bytes, the Length of encrypted data field (Field 5) must read 128, and the Number of bytes padded to the end of the en crypted information (Field 6) must read 5. \n10.1.3.2 Steps for Encrypting \nThe steps for encrypting follow (repeat this procedure for each batch): \n1) Prepare the .DOL file and all of its associated attachments so that they are completed and \nready to be filed \n2) Repeat step 2.a for each attachment to be filed with the .DOL File \na) Encrypt the Attachment \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 66 \nFor Official Use Only i) Write out the Encryption Record (NOT ENCRYPTED) \nii) Write out the Encrypted Attachment file data \n3) Encrypt the .DOL File \na) Write out the TRANS record (NOT ENCRYPTED) \nb) Write out the Encryption Record (NOT ENCRYPTED) \nc) Write out the Encrypted Filing data \ni) The Encrypted Filing data includes all the da ta in the unencrypted .DOL file that \nfollows the TRANS record, a nd precedes the RECAP record. \nd) Write out the RECAP record (NOT ENCRYPTED) \n \nFigure 3, below, diagrams an encrypted batch with one .pdf attachment : \n \nTRANS RECORD\nRECAP RECORDFILING\nINFORMATION\n(Header, Filing,\nSchedule,\nUnstructured\nAttachment, and\nSummmary\nRecords) .DOL\nFILEENCRYPTION RECORD\nEncrypted Information\nUnstructured\nAttachment\nFile (.pdf file)ENCRYPTION RECORD\n.PDF FILE\nINFORMATIONEncrypted Information\n \n \nFigure 3 Encrypted Batch \n10.2 Using EFAST Encryption DLLs \n10.2.1 Available EFAST Encryption Libraries \nEFAST Encryption libraries that handle the entir e encryption process are available for PCs \nrunning operating systems and programming la nguages capable of invoking Microsoft Windows \nbased, 32-bit dynamic link libraries. These libraries handle the complete process as outlined in \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 67 \nFor Official Use Only Section 10.1, including creating encryption records, and encrypting only the required portions of \nthe batch. \nThe Windows EFAST encryption libraries consist of a commercial encryption algorithm library \nand an EFAST custom encryption library. The co mmercial encryption library is used by the \nEFAST custom encryption library. The EFAST encryption library exposes an encryption \nalgorithm and a decryption algorithm which develope rs can call directly to completely handle \ntheir EFAST encryption needs. \nThe decryption algorithm is available for decrypting files that have been encrypted, thus checking \nthe encryption process. Howeve r, only the encryption algorith m is needed. The Encryption \nAlgorithm and the Decryption Algorithm are detailed on the next page. \nThe parameter types can be found in the .h file (see Section 10.2.2). \n10.2.1.1 Encryption Algorithm: \nEFAST_EncryptDOL( Key, PlainTextPath, CipherTextPath, DOLBatchFile ) \n Parameters: \nKey: Encryption Key \nPlainTextPath: Path to the unencrypted files \nCipherTextPath: Path to where the encrypted files are to be written DOLBatchFile: .DOL File Name (NO PATH) \n \nReturns: \nAn integer code which indicates either Success or a reason for the Failure \nDescription: \nEFAST_EncryptDOL() parses the passed in .DOL file and looks for attachment file records. \nEach attachment file is encrypted as attachment file records are found. Finally, the .DOL file \nis encrypted. \nNote : PlainTextPath and CipherTextPath MUST be in different locations on the system. \nThe file names for the encrypted files are th e same as the file names for the unencrypted \nfiles. \n10.2.1.2 Decryption Algorithm: \nEFAST_DecryptDOL( Key, CipherTextPath, PlainTextPath, DOLBatchFile ) \nParameters: \nKey: Encryption Key \nCipherTextPath: Path to the encrypted files \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 68 \nFor Official Use Only PlainTextPath: Path to where the unencrypted files are to be written \nDOLBatchFile: .DOL File Name (NO PATH) \n \nReturns: \nAn integer code which indicates either Success or a reason for the Failure \nDescription: \nEFAST_DecryptDOL () first decrypts the passed in .DOL file and then parses it looking for \nattachment file records. Each attachment file is decrypted as attachment file records are found. \nNote: PlainTextPath and CipherTextPath MUST be in different locations on the system. \nThe file names for the encrypted files are th e same as the file names for the unencrypted \nfiles. \n10.2.2 Language Support \nCurrently, development files exist to support EFA ST Encryption Library integration into C/C++ \napplications. Support for other languages and de velopment systems can be added as needed \nduring scale up. \nIn addition to the encryption .D LL, developers will need the following encryption libraries to \nencrypt filings: \nEFCRYP32.DLL - EFAST Encryption DLL \nEFCRYP32.H - C/C++ Header File \nEFCRYP32.BAS - Visual Basic 5 and 6 definition file. EFCRYP32.LIB - Borland C++ Builder Link Library for EFAST \nEncryption DLLs \nTDCIPH32.DLL - Required Encryption Library \nThe EFCRYPT32.DLL, EFCRYP32.H, EFCRYP32.BAS, and EFCRYP32.LIB Windows \nlibraries are freely available by emailing: \nron.zook@vangent.com \nThe TDCIPH32.DLL Windows library is ava ilable for purchase from Bokler Software: \nwww.bokler.com \nThe name of the required Bokler Software product is: TDESSCIPHER/DLL \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 69 \nFor Official Use Only 11. The .RDY File \nThe last file in each modem-to-modem batch must be an “.RDY” file. This .RDY file has the \nsame filename as the .DOL file, except it has an “. RDY” extension. For example, the .DOL file \nABCINCPLAN111.DOL file would submit a ABCI NCPLAN111.RDY file. This .RDY file may \nbe a zero-byte file. The modem-to-modem pr ocessing system will not process a batch unless it \nreceives a .RDY file. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 70 \nFor Official Use Only Appendix A - Terminology of Document \nFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and meanings apply: \nAlpha (or alphabetic) = A through Z. \nNumeric = 0 through 9. \nAlphanumeric = A through Z, 0 through 9, blanks (sp aces), and any special characters except the \nfour RESERVED ASCII characters “ [“ , “]”, “*”, and “ #.” \n“SIGNIFICANT DATA ” is data other than all zeros or all spaces. \n“Sign ” or “ Signed ” is used to identify an amount field that carries a position for a “sign” (an \nindication that the field is positive or negative). \nYYYYMMDD = Year, Month, Day (month must be 01-12 and days must match month). \nPN = Plan Number. \nReserved = A reserved field on any of the record layouts indicates that that field is reserved for \nfuture use. These fields must not be transmitted in variable records and must be blank-filled in \nfixed records. \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 71 \nFor Official Use Only Appendix B - Common Pr oblems Encountered \nThe following section lists how to avoid the most common problems encountered with the \nEFAST electronic filing system. \n• All alphanumeric data needs to be entere d in CAPITAL LETTERS. (See Section 5.5). \n• Header (HDR) and Summary (SUM) records are REQUIRED for EACH filing. (See \nSection 5.3). \n• If page 2 and/or any succeeding page of any sche dule contains significant data, page 1 of \nthat schedule must also be present and must contain significant data. (See Section 5.2). \n• Field 0220 on Form 5500 is a required date field. (See EFAST-B, Part II). \n• You must format the records listed in Section 5.7 correctly. Otherwise, multiple errors may \nbe reported. \n• There cannot be any extra carriage returns at the end of any record (including the last record \nof the file). (See Section 5.6.2.1). \n• If submitting magnetic media, You must provide ap propriate external labeling. (See Section \n9.3.7). Be sure to include a company contact na me on all external labels. All magnetic tapes \nmust be submitted with appropriate intern al labeling. (See Section 9.3.4). \n• Extension Forms such as Form 5558, 4868, 7004, 2688, and 2758 must be filed as an \nunstructured attachment. (See Sections 5.7.5 & 6.) \n• If filing for an extension using any of the above forms, the following text should be written in \nthe unstructured attachment: “A paper copy of Form 5558, Application for Extension of Time to File Certain Employee Plan Returns*, has been filed with the IRS for this plan.” This \nstatement is made under penalty of perjury: Th e form referred to in this statement MUST \nhave been filed with the IRS. \n• (* - Substitute the Form number and Form name of the Extension that was filed. If Form \n2688 or Form 2758 are filed, the extension date must also be included in this text.) \n• External Media filers can retrieve an Acknowledgement by following modem dial up \nprocedures. \n• A Signer is not associated to EIN. Box D on the EFAST-1 only updat es Transmitters, and/or \nSoftware Developers. If you want to update a Signer, you have to submit an EFAST-1 or call \nthe Consolidated HelpDesk. \n• The following fields cannot be blank for ELF filings . If there is no value, enter 0 in the field: \n• Form 5500, page 2: Fields 0620, 0660, and 0680. \n \nEFAST-B, Part I Draft Electroni c Filing Specification (DEL 1022) 18 September 2008 Page - 72 \nFor Official Use Only This page intentionally left \nblank. "
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "CI7INUGNXV4CY2ETA4PM5IOKZNUM5A2T.pdf",
"text": "Case 3:73-cv-00127-RCJ-WGC Document 979 Filed 09/12/06 Page 1 of 2 Case 3:73-cv-00127-RCJ-WGC Document 979 Filed 09/12/06 Page 2 of 2"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "POKED5F2QVX266ONHVMGK7AGDJDU7OYQ.pdf",
"text": " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nLUNCH INTRODUCTIONS \nPAUL “CHIP” JAENICHEN \nACTING MARITIME ADMINISTRATOR \n \nNATIONAL MARITIME STRATEGY SYMPOSIUM #1 \nGROWING THE US -FLAG FLEET ENGAGED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE \n \nJANUARY 1 5, 2014 \n \nU.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT) \nWEST ATRIUM – GROUND FLOOR \nWASHINGTON, DC \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 1 \n BEFORE WE WELCOME OUR NEXT SPEAKER, I \nHAVE A BIT OF NEWS. \n \nUNFORTUNATELY, SOME LAST MINUTE CHANGES \nTO THE HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE SCHEDULE \nARE PREVENTING CONGRESSMAN RANDY FORBES \nFROM JOINING US TODAY. \n \nHE SENDS HIS APOLOGIES AND BEST WISHES FOR \nOUR EFFORT. \n \nALSO, ALTHOUGH WE’D INITIALLY SCHEDULED MR \nFOTIS KARAMITSOS (FOE -TISS CAR -AH-MEAT -\nZOHS) , TO SPEAK TODAY, AN URGENT FAMILY \nISSUE REQUIRES THAT HE BE ELSEWHERE RIGHT \nNOW. \n \nHOWEVER, WE HAVE BEEN VERY FORTUNATE T O \nHAVE TWO KNOWLEDGEABLE SPEAKERS COMMIT \nON SHORT NOTICE . . . \n 2 \n FIRST, WE HAVE WITH US A MAN WITH A WELL -\nROUNDED AND DEEP KNOWLEDGE OF U.S. \nTRANSPORTATION POLICY. \n \nHE SPENT NINE YEARS ON THE HILL – AS A STAFF \nMEMBER FOR THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON \nCOMMERCE, SCIENCE AND TRANSPORTATION . . . \nAND THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION \nINFRASTRUCTURE. \n \nAND NOW HE’S A MAJOR ASSET TO US HERE AT \nTHE D.O.T. \n \nHE CURRENTLY SERVES IN THE OFFICE OF THE \nASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR POLICY HERE AT THE \nDEPARTMENT , WHERE HE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR \nCOORDINATING THE DEPARTMENT’S NATIONAL \nFREIGHT ACTIVITIES . . . INCLUDING MANAGING THE \nNATIONAL FREIGHT ADVISORY COMMITTEE. \n 3 \n HE ALSO OVERSEES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE \nDEPARTMENT’S UPCOMING NATIONAL FREIGHT \nSTRATEGIC PLAN AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF \nTHE NATIONAL FREIGHT POLICY. \n \nPLEASE HELP ME WELCOME JOHN DRAKE! \n \n. . . \n. . . \n. . . \n \nTHANK YOU, JOHN . . . \n \nIT WAS OUR INTENTION TO WIDEN HORIZONS WITH \nTHIS SYMPOSIUM . . . AND GET MARITIME PLAYERS \nTO TAKE A LOOK AT THE BIGGER PICTURE IN THIS \nINDUSTRY. \n \nTHAT’S WHY IT IS SUCH AN HONOR TO INTRODUCE \nOUR NEXT SPEAKER . . . A PERSON WHO CAN SHINE 4 \n SOME LIGHT ON MARITIME PRACTICES AND \nDEVELOPMENTS ACROSS THE ATLANTIC. \n \nHE HAS BEEN WITH THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION \nSINCE 2 003, PLAYING A LEADING ROLE IN \nNUMEROUS RESEARCH, LOGISTICS AND ANALYSIS \nEFFORTS FOCUSING ON EUROPEAN INLAND \nWATERWAY TRANSPORT AND MARITIME \nSHIPPING … \n \nAMONG THESE, HE WAS A CENTRAL CONTRIBUTOR \nTO THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION’S 2011 WHITE \nPAPER ON TRANSPORT, A POLICY STRATEGY TO \nSERVE THE E.U. THROUGH 2021 . . . \n \nPLEASE JOIN ME IN GIVING A WA RM WELCOME TO \nTRANSPORT COUNSELOR FOR THE EUROPEAN \nUNION DELEGATION TO THE UNITED STATES , DR \nFELIX LEINENMAN (LINE -E-MAHN) . "
} |
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"pdf_file": "ROKL4YZJZ5THXZULOIWSNKWSB4ZTWZV5.pdf",
"text": "Summer 2006\nFive Rivers Environmental Education Center \n______________________________________ (518) 475-0291______________________________________\nwww.dec.state.ny.us/website/education /5rivers.html\nSome Pig \nAll kids seem to love Charlotte’s\nWeb, the classic children’s story by E. B.\nWhite, of Wilbur the pig and his faithfulfriend Charlotte the spider. Even kids whohaven’t read the book have seen the movieand know that Charlotte is loving, wise andresourceful. To save Wilbur from his fate asbacon, she spins the immortal words “SomePig” with webbing over his sty, andeventually makes him the world’s mostfamous farm animal.\nSpiders don’t really do that, needless\nto say. And everyone seems to hate spiders.Most people reach for a can of bug spray atthe sight of a spider, or like Garfield, flattenthe spider with one stamp. But spiders arecommon enough in agricultural fields thatthey seriously reduce the numbers of insectpests. The financial benefit of spiders to pestcontrol is estimated at over one milliondollars per year in New York State alone.Spiders eat insects–they’re not looking forhumans to bite. Dangerously venomousspiders are rare in New York State; few ofus will ever even see one.\nAugust is the month of orb weavers,\nthe big, beautiful gold-and-black spiders that 5rivers@dec.state.ny.us\nspin round webs in the fields and gardens. \nThere’s no need to fear them, they’reharmless to people and will help controlpests in the garden. To find out more about spiders, join us on a Spider Search onAugust 22 at 7:00 PM. You might not loveevery creepy-crawly spider you see out inthe meadow--but try to see a little Charlottein her.\n–Anita Sanchez\n(Thanks to former Naturalist Intern AndyFyfe for spider research.)\n Five Rivers Environmental Education Center\nSummer Program Schedule 2006\nPrograms are free of charge unless otherwise noted. Dress for the weather! We regret that\nwe cannot accommodate organized youth groups at these programs. Call to make specialarrangements. \nWe welcome those who have any type of physical challenge to all of our programs. If\nyou call ahead to let us know your needs, we will be happy to learn how we can best serve you.\nFor further information or for pre-registration, call Five Rivers at 518-475-0291. In the event\nof severe weather, programs may be canceled. Please call the Center to confirm.\nSaturday, July 1 Family Fun : 10th ANNUAL BUTTERFLY COUNT 2:00 PM\nJoin us for a close-up look at common butterflies of the Capital District as we continue our\nannual catch-and-release census. Nets or binoculars are welcome. Call to pre-register by June 28.\nThursday, July 6 Family Program : STREAM WALK 10:00 AM\nParents and children are invited to wade our streams and examine their animal life. Call to\npre-register by July 3. Materials fee: FOFR members $3.00/family. Non-members $5.00/family.\nTuesday, July 11 SQUIRRELS IN OUR BACKYARD 7:00 PM\nChipmunks, woodchucks, and grey, red and flying squirrels are all are members of the\nsquirrel family. Join us as we explore some of the behaviors of these fascinating animals.\nThursday July 13 FERNS 7:00 PM\nA beginner-level class on the identification of some common ferns along the Vlomankill.\nSaturday, July 15 GPS-TREKKING (Global Positioning System) 10:00 AM\nAn introduction to GPS units for experienced users and beginners. Please call to pre-register\nby July 13. Our supply of units to borrow is limited--call early to reserve one.\nSaturday, July 15 DRAGONS & DAMSELS 2:00 PM\nA pond-side observation of dragonflies and dams elflies. Bring binoculars or use ours. \nTuesday, July 18 BATS IN FLIGHT 7:00 PM\nJoin a DEC biologist for a talk on bats, followed by a walk to watch the bats emerge from\nthe “bat barn” and begin their evening mosquito hunts. \nThursday, July 20 FLOWER IDENTIFICATION 7:00 PM\nDuring this adult-level class we’ll learn plant family relationships as well as basic principles\nof identification, and discuss traditional uses for plants, from magic to medicine to food.\nFriday, July 21 FROGWATCH 7:00 PM\nWe’ll listen for the deep-throated call of the bullfrog, and search for other wildlife, too.\nTuesday, July 25 VLOMANKILL TRAIL WALK 7:00 PM\nCome explore the beautiful, shady Vlomankill trail on a natural history walk that covers the\ngeologic past and the ecology of the present. Saturday, July 29 Watchable Wildlife : WATERFOWL 2:00 PM\nJoin us on an outdoor survey of our ponds as we take a gander at common ducks and geese.\nTuesday, August 1 FLOWERS OF LAWN AND MEADOW 7:00 PM\nSummer is the time for colorful flowers underfoot ! On this walk we’ll identify some common\nwildflowers and discuss their natural history, as well as their ancient myths and folklore.\nThursday, August 3 Family Program : MORNING IN THE GARDEN 10:00 AM\nExplore the wonders of the summer garden. A craft will be included. Call to pre-register by\nAug. 1. Materials fee: FOFR members $3.00/family. Non-members $5.00/family.\nFriday, August 4 FROGWATCH 7:00 PM\nCome listen for the deep-throated calls of the grand-daddy of all the frogs, the bullfrog, as\nwell as green frogs and other wetlands wildlife, as we monitor our amphibian populations.\nSaturday, August 5 Family Program: HIKE ON THE NORTH LOOP 10:00 AM\nA 2 ½ mile trek with stops along the way. Wear sturdy shoes, bring water, a snack,\nsunblock, and a hat. Bring insect repellent, but don’t put it on until it’s needed. Other things toconsider: binoculars, camera, journal, magnifiers, sketch pad, pack. Please pre-register by August 3.\nFIVE RIVERS FAMILY CAMP-OUT\nFriday, August 11, 5:00 PM to Saturday August 12, 11:00 AM\n Picnics - tents - campfire - night walk - early morning bird walk - stream exploration! \nThis family-oriented overnight program will introduce your family to backyard camping at its best.\nWhen you call to pre-register, a materials and activities list will be sent.\nFee for a family of four (or fewer): FOFR Members- $10.00, non-members $15.00. \nEach additional person: Members $2.00, non-members $3.00. \nSaturday, August 12 CHEROKEE LEAF PRINTING 2:00 PM\nA traditional Native American craft, using plants to print fabric. Bring a cotton t-shirt if you\nlike; we have some fabric, too. Call to pre-register by August 10. Materials fee $1.00 per family.\nSaturday, August 19 NATURE JOURNALING FOR ADULTS 2:00 PM\nLearn how to start your own nature journal and try out some of our drawing materials. If it\nrains, we’ll do some indoor activities.\nTuesday, August 22 SPIDER SEARCH 7:00 PM\nA walk to search the meadow for a wild variety of late-summer spiders.\nSaturday, August 26 ROGER TORY PETERSON’S BIRDS 9:00 AM\nThrough his Field Guide to the Birds , Roger Tory Peterson launched our national\npreoccupation with bird watching. Join us on a commemorative field study of birds, the“environmental litmus paper,” as we celebrate the date of the late Dr. Peterson’s birth 98 years ago.\nThursday, August 29 INSECTS 7:00 PM\nBy now the insects are abundant and showy--and fun to catch, observe, identify and release!\nWho can capture the biggest, the most colorful, the most beautiful insects? LIVING ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE\nMonday August 7 to Friday August 11, 2006 \nAn exciting, week-long teacher and youth leader workshop on environmental science.\nClassroom discussions and activities will be complemented by outdoor field work. Please call theCenter for registration details at 475-0291.\nFALL FESTIVAL\nSaturday, September 16 Noon-4:00 p.m.\n Come and join us for our annual Fall Fe stival! It's a multitude of activities and hands-on\ncrafts, games, and nature e xplorations. While you’re here , walk the trails and enjoy \nmigrating birds, fall wildflowers, and brilliant foliage. Environmental exhibits and hands-on\nactivities make the festival fun for the whole family. \n Popcorn and Cider Music Nature Crafts\n Silent Auction Insect Safari Birds of Prey \n Reptiles and Amphibians Nature Activities \n Admission and parking are free!\nStaff: Nancy Payne, Anita Sanchez, Dee Strnisa, Craig D. Thompson, Lori Whiting,\nKimberly Roberts (SCA), Kitty Rusch (SCA)"
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] | {
"pdf_file": "SREYYNQ35CNPBSWN6KDO6RBUGR4W7BZE.pdf",
"text": "61.850 Construction. \nKRS 61.805 to 61.850 shall not be construed as repealing any of the laws of the \nCommonwealth relating to meetings but shall be held and construed as ancillary and \nsupplemental thereto. \nHistory: Created 1974 Ky. Acts ch. 377, sec. 11. "
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "YVM7OB53IEXWGJUUIKINFKKEDK23PC5K.pdf",
"text": "423 Office of Foreign Assets Control, Treasury § 590.211 \nreport setting forth in full the cir-\ncumstances relating to such transfer promptly upon discovery that: \n(i) Such transfer was in violation of \nthe provisions of this part or any regu-lation, ruling, instruction, direction, or license issued pursuant to this part; \n(ii) Such transfer was not licensed or \nauthorized by the Director of the Office of Foreign Assets Control; or \n(iii) If a license did purport to cover \nthe transfer, such license had been ob-tained by misrepresentation of a third party or withholding of material facts or was otherwise fraudulently ob-tained. \nNOTE TO PARAGRAPH (d) OF§590.209: The fil-\ning of a report in accordance with the provi-sions of paragraph (d)(3) of this section shall not be deemed evidence that the terms of paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this section have been satisfied. \n(e) Unless licensed pursuant to this \npart, any attachment, judgment, de-cree, lien, execution, garnishment, or other judicial process is null and void with respect to any property in which on or since the effective date of §590.207 there existed an interest of a person whose property is blocked pursuant to §590.207(a). \n§ 590.210 Holding of funds in interest- \nbearing accounts; investment and reinvestment. \n(a) Except as provided in paragraph \n(c) or (d) of this section, or as other-wise directed by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, any U.S. person hold-ing funds, such as currency, bank de-posits, or liquidated financial obliga-tions, subject to §590.207(a) shall hold or place such funds in a blocked inter-est-bearing account located in the United States. \n(b)(1) For purposes of this section, \nthe term blocked interest-bearing account \nmeans a blocked account: \n(i) In a federally-insured U.S. bank, \nthrift institution, or credit union, pro-vided the funds are earning interest at rates that are commercially reason-able; or \n(ii) With a broker or dealer registered \nwith the Securities and Exchange Com-mission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, provided the funds are in-vested in a money market fund or in U.S. Treasury bills. (2) For purposes of this section, a \nrate is commercially reasonable if it is the rate currently offered to other de-positors on deposits or instruments of comparable size and maturity. \n(3) Funds held or placed in a blocked \naccount pursuant to this paragraph (b) may not be invested in instruments the maturity of which exceeds 180 days. If interest is credited to a separate blocked account or sub-account, the name of the account party on each ac-count must be the same. \n(c) Blocked funds held in instruments \nthe maturity of which exceeds 180 days at the time the funds become subject to §590.207(a) may continue to be held until maturity in the original instru-ment, provided any interest, earnings, or other proceeds derived therefrom are paid into a blocked interest-bearing ac-count in accordance with paragraph (b) or (d) of this section. \n(d) Blocked funds held in accounts or \ninstruments outside the United States at the time the funds become subject to §590.207(a) may continue to be held in the same type of accounts or instru-ments, provided the funds earn interest at rates that are commercially reason-able. \n(e) This section does not create an af-\nfirmative obligation for the holder of blocked tangible property, such as chattels or real estate, or of other blocked property, such as debt or eq-uity securities, to sell or liquidate such property at the time the property be-comes subject to §590.207(a). However, the Office of Foreign Assets Control may issue licenses permitting or di-recting such sales in appropriate cases. \n(f) Funds subject to this section may \nnot be held, invested, or reinvested in a manner that provides immediate finan-cial or economic benefit or access to persons whose property is blocked pur-suant to §590.207(a), nor may their holder cooperate in or facilitate the pledging or other attempted use as col-lateral of blocked funds or other assets. \n§ 590.211 Evasions; attempts; conspir-\nacies. \nAny transaction by any United \nStates person or within the United States on or after the effective date that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to \nVerDate Aug<18>2005 11:35 Aug 31, 2005 Jkt 205121 PO 00000 Frm 00435 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\205121.XXX 205121 424 31 CFR Ch. V (7–1–05 Edition) § 590.301 \nviolate any of the prohibitions set \nforth in this part is prohibited. Any conspiracy formed for the purpose of engaging in a transaction prohibited by this part is prohibited. \nSubpart C—General Definitions \n§ 590.301 Aircraft or aircraft compo-\nnents. \nThe term aircraft or aircraft compo-\nnents means all aircraft, spacecraft, \nand parts thereof described in chapter 88 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States and any other items that the supplier knows or has reason to know are intended to be used as a part or spare part of an aircraft or spacecraft. \n§ 590.302 Arms and related materiel. \nThe term arms and related materiel \nmeans all items listed in appendix A to this part; all items described in chapter 93 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States; any other items de-signed as or for use with a weapon; all items controlled under the Inter-national Traffic in Arms Regulations, 22 CFR parts 120 through 130; and any other items controlled for export as arms or related materiel by any office or agency of the United States. \n§ 590.303 Blocked account; blocked \nproperty. \nThe terms blocked account and blocked \nproperty mean any account or property \nsubject to the prohibition in §590.207, held in the name of a person whose property is blocked pursuant to §590.207(a) or in which such person has an interest, and with respect to which payments, transfers, exportations, withdrawals, or other dealings may not be made or effected except pursuant to a license from the Office of Foreign As-sets Control authorizing such action. \n§ 590.304 Controlled through the Cer-\ntificate of Origin regime of the An-golan Government of Unity and Na-tional Reconciliation. \nThe term controlled through the Cer-\ntificate of Origin regime of the Angolan Government of Unity and National Rec-onciliation means accompanied by any \ndocumentation that demonstrates to the satisfaction of the United States Customs Service (or analogous officials \nof a United States territory or posses-sion with its own customs administra-tion) that the diamonds were legally exported from Angola with the ap-proval of the Angolan Government of Unity and National Reconciliation. \n§ 590.305 Diamonds. \nThe term diamonds means all dia-\nmonds described in heading 7102 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States; all diamond dust de-scribed in subheading 7105.10 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States; all diamond jewelry de-scribed in subheadings 7116.20.05–.15 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States; and any items described elsewhere in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States con-taining diamonds or diamond dust. \n§ 590.306 Effective date. \nThe term effective date refers to each \nof the effective dates of the applicable prohibitions and directives of this part as follows: \n(a) With respect to §590.201 and any \nprohibitions under §590.211 related to §590.201, 4:35 p.m. EDT on September 26, 1993. \n(b) With respect to §§590.202 and \n590.203 and any prohibitions under §590.211 related to §§590.202 or 590.203, 12:01 a.m. EST on December 15, 1997. \n(c) With respect to §§590.204, 590.205, \n590.206, 590.207, 590.208, 590.209, and 590.210 and any prohibitions under §590.211 related to §§590.204, 590.205, 590.206, 590.207, 590.208, 590.209, or 590.210, 12:01 a.m. EDT on August, 19, 1998, or in the case of senior officials of UNITA or adult members of their im-mediate families who are designated after that date, the earlier of the date on which a person receives actual or constructive notice of such designa-tion. \n§ 590.307 Entity. \nThe term entity means a partnership, \nassociation, trust, joint venture, cor-poration, or other organization. \n§ 590.308 Equipment used in mining. \nThe term equipment used in mining \nmeans all items described in any of the \nVerDate Aug<18>2005 11:35 Aug 31, 2005 Jkt 205121 PO 00000 Frm 00436 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\205121.XXX 205121"
} |
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"text": " \n \n \n \nUnion County \nPennsylvania \n \n 2007 2002 % change \nNumber of Farms 575 521 + 10 \nLand in Farms 63,795 acres 69,424 acres - 8 \nAverage Size of Farm 111 acres 133 acres - 17 \n \nMarket Value of Products Sold $90,497,000 $55,016,000 + 64 \nCrop Sales $9,428,000 (10 percent) \nLivestock Sales $81,069,000 (90 percent) \nAverage Per Farm Reporting Sales $157,386 $105,597 + 49 \n \nGovernment Payments $706,000 $954,000 - 26 \nAverage Per Farm Receiving Payments $3,546 $6,193 - 43 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nUnion County – Pennsylvania \n \nRanked items among the 67 state counties and 3,079 U.S. counties, 2007 \nItem Quantity State Rank Universe 1 U.S. Rank Universe 1 \nMARKET VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SOLD ($1,000) \n Total value of agricultural products sold \n Value of crops including nursery and greenhouse \n Value of livestock, poultry, and their products \n VALUE OF SALES BY COMMODITY GROUP ($1,000) \n \nGrains, oilseeds, dry beans, and dry peas \nTobacco \nCotton and cottonseed \nVegetables, melons, potatoes, and sweet potatoes \nFruits, tree nuts, and berries \nNursery, greenhouse, floriculture, and sod Cut Christmas trees and short rotation woody crops \nOther crops and hay \nPoultry and eggs \nCattle and calves \nMilk and other dairy products from cows \nHogs and pigs \nSheep, goats, and their products Horses, ponies, mules, burros, and donkeys \nAquaculture \nOther animals and other animal products \n TOP CROP ITEMS (acres) \n Forage - land used for all hay and haylage, grass silage, and greenchop Corn for grain \nSoybeans for beans \nCorn for silage \nWheat for grain, all \n \nTOP LIVESTOCK INVENTORY ITEMS (number) \n \nBroilers and other meat-type chickens \nLayers \nTurkeys \nHogs and pigs \nCattle and calves \n \n90,497 \n9,428 \n81,069 \n \n \n5,663 \n830 \n- \n671 \n284 \n832 \n3 \n1,144 \n30,498 \n9,011 \n29,381 \n11,298 \n177 \n(D) \n- \n(D) \n \n \n \n14,527 \n9,597 \n8,446 \n8,180 \n2,004 \n \n \n \n1,419,665 \n326,185 \n79,825 \n28,265 \n21,517 \n \n17 \n39 \n13 \n \n \n27 \n3 \n- \n42 \n43 \n47 63 \n46 \n12 \n20 \n19 \n9 \n25 \n(D) \n- \n(D) \n \n \n \n48 \n35 \n19 \n16 \n21 \n \n \n \n6 \n11 \n12 \n11 \n25 \n \n67 \n67 \n67 \n \n \n67 \n19 \n- \n67 \n66 \n65 66 \n66 \n67 \n67 \n65 \n66 \n66 67 \n59 \n67 \n \n \n \n67 66 \n61 \n64 \n60 \n \n \n \n62 \n67 \n63 \n66 \n67 \n \n981 \n1,895 \n499 \n \n \n1,440 \n211 \n- \n951 \n919 \n1,172 1,384 \n1,377 \n321 \n1,275 \n231 \n337 \n696 \n(D) \n- \n(D) \n \n \n \n1,349 1,190 \n1,064 \n173 \n1,364 \n \n \n \n254 \n211 \n186 \n438 \n1,354 \n \n3,076 \n3,072 \n3,069 \n \n \n2,933 \n437 \n626 \n2,796 \n2,659 \n2,703 1,710 \n3,054 \n3,020 \n3,054 2,493 \n2,922 \n2,998 3,024 \n1,498 \n2,875 \n \n \n \n3,060 2,634 \n2,039 \n2,263 \n2,481 \n \n \n \n2,476 \n3,024 \n2,371 \n2,958 \n3,060 \n \nOther County Highlights \n \nEconomic Characteristics Quantity\nFarms by value of sales: \n Less than $1,000 \n $1,000 to $2,499 \n $2,500 to $4,999 \n $5,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $19,999 \n $20,000 to $24,999 \n $25,000 to $39,999 \n $40,000 to $49,999 \n $50,000 to $99,999 \n $100,000 to $249,999 \n $250,000 to $499,999 $500,000 or more \n \nTotal farm production expenses ($1,000) \n Average per farm ($) \n Net cash farm income of operation ($1,000) \n Average per farm ($) \n159 \n21 \n32 \n29 27 \n6 \n43 \n19 \n29 \n107 \n64 39 \n \n65,605 \n114,095 \n \n28,190 \n49,025 \nOperator Characteristics Quantity\nPrincipal operators by primary occupation: Farming \n Other \n \nPrincipal operators by sex: Male \n Female \n \nAverage age of principal operator (years) \n \nAll operators by race \n2: \n American Indian or Alaska Native Asian \n Black or African American \n Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander \n White \n More than one race \nAll operators of Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino Origin \n2 \n329 \n246 \n \n \n516 \n59 \n \n52.0 \n \n \n- - \n- \n- \n807 \n- \n \n7 \n \n(D) Cannot be disclosed. (Z) Less than half of the unit shown. See \"Census of Agriculture, Volume 1, Geographic Area Series\" for complete footnotes. \n 1 Universe is number of counties in state or U.S. with item. \n 2 Data were collected for a maximum of three operators per farm. \n \n"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "E3XL5U27WEMN6KDITFQEPNYN3FFPZRHE.pdf",
"text": "Prepared By: Robin West Delaware Agricultural Lands Preservation Foundation \nCurrent Situation Report for November 17, 2009 \n \nAgricultural Preservation Districts \nDistrict/Expansions Farms Acres \nApproved 803 1,060 156,394 \nPending 19 19 2,249 \nFarm Terminations 48 8,024 \nTotals 822 1,031 150,519 \nFarms Compliance Verifications \nto date for 200 9 414 78,458 \n \nAgricultural Easements \n Farms Acres Cost \n \nSettlements Final \n518 \n91,133 \n$148,228,285 \nPending Round 14 46 \n \n3,401 \n \n$9,071,497 \n \nTotals \n(See chart below County breakdown) 564 94,534 \n$158,309,782 \n \n \nSource of Funds for the 5 64 \nEasements \n \n* State Funds - $123,760,003 \n* Federal Funds - $ 24,421,516 \n* County Funds - $ 8,819,090 \n* ISTEA Funds - $ 1,309,17 3 \n \n*Est. Settle ment Costs -$ 4,326,576 \n*Est. Gr and T otal- $162,636,358 \n \n \nNOT SELECTED FROM ROUND 14 - 2009 \nRound 15 - 2010 \nRound 16 - 2011 \n \nCOUNTY Farms \nAcres Development \nRights Value \nFarms \nAcres \nEstimated \nFarms \nAcres \nEstimated \nKent County 40 3,448 $ 44,450,713 22 1,533 $15,483,300 5 359 $3,625,400 \nNew Castle County 6 \n777 $ 9,717,584 4 345 $5,175,000 \n \nSussex County 27 4,161 $ 53,320,177 28 2,107 $31,605,137 4 218 $3,270,014 \n \nTotals 73 8,386 $ 107,488,474 54 3,985 $52,263,437 9 577 $6,895,414 \n \n Kent County Districts \n \nDistrict/ Expansions Farms Acres \nApproved 400 517 80,943 \nPending 5 5 471 \nFarm Terminations 14 3,433 \nTotals 405 508 77,981 New Castle County Districts \n \nDistrict/Expansions Farms Acres \nApproved 90 111 18,144 \nPending 1 1 99 \nFarm Terminations 2 236 \nTotals 91 110 18,007 Sussex County Districts \n \nDistrict/Expansions Farms Acres \nApproved 313 432 57,307 \nPending 13 13 1,679 \nFarm Terminations 32 4,355 \nTotals 326 413 54,631 \nAverages Based on 51 8 Easements \n \nEasements Average Discount \n52% \n \nAverage Farm Size \n176 Acres \n \nAverage Payment to Landowner \n$286,155 \n \nAverage Cost Per Acre \n$1,627 \nAgricultural Easements by County \n Farms Acres Cost \nKent 287 52,557 $74,329,516 \nNew \nCastle 74 11,572 $27,566,481 \nSussex 203 30,405 $56,413,785 \nTotal 564 94,534 $158, 309,782 Properties by County - Applying to be \nEasements \n Farms Acres Cost \nKent 67 5,340 $63,549,413 \nNew \nCastle 10 1,122 $14,892,584 \nSussex 59 6,486 $88,195,328 \nTotal 136 12,948 $166,637,325 Prepared By: Robin West Delaware Agricultural Lands Preservation Foundation \nForestland Current Situation Report \nAs of Tuesday, November 17, 2009 Prepared By Robin West \n \nForestland Pres ervation Areas \n \nNumber of \nProperties \n \nAcres \n \nApproved \n31 \n2,402 \n \nPending \n 3 \n 104 \n \nTotal \n34 \n2,506 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kent County Areas \n Properties Acres \nApproved 15 1,044 \nPending 2 52 \nTotal 17 1,096 Sussex County Areas \n Properties Acres \nApproved 16 1,358 \nPending 1 52 \nTotal 17 1,410 \nForestland Preservation Areas Potential Easement Values Selected 2009 \nCounty Properties Acres Easement Value \nKent \n 4 304 $406,902 \nKent (Nature Conservancy ) 1 123 $210,074 \nSussex \n 3 259 $629,177 \nSussex (Nature Conservancy ) 1 185 $202,329 \n \n \nSettlements Pending \n \n 3 \n \n207 \n \n$320,425 \n \nSettlements Final \n6 \n674 \n$1,128,057 \n \nTotal \n9 \n871 \n$1,448,482 "
} |
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"pdf_file": "T5YDZLEHT6CHH5L4TRKYQOFOCKXWR5DM.pdf",
"text": "10165 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 40 / Wednesday, March 2, 2005 / Notices \n1Effective January 20, 2005, the name of ‘‘The \nBurlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company ’’ was changed to ‘‘BNSF Railway \nCompany. ’’This notice of receipt of Workhorse ’s \npetition is published under 49 U.S.C. 30118 and 30120 and does not represent any agency decision or other exercise of judgment concerning the merits of the petition. \nAffected are a total of approximately \n42,524 incomplete motor home chassis built between July 2000 and December 31, 2004. S3.1.4.1 of FMVSS No. 102 requires that\nif the transmission shift lever sequence \nincludes a park position, identification of shift lever positions * * * shall be displayed in view of the driver whenever any of the following conditions exist: (a) The ignition is in a position where the transmission can be shifted. (b) The transmission is not in park.\nWorkhorse describes its noncompliance \nas follows:\nIn these vehicles when the ignition key is \nin the ‘‘OFF’’ position, the selected gear \nposition is not displayed. ‘‘OFF’’ is a position \nnot displayed, but located between lock and run. The gear selector lever can be moved while the ignition switch is in ‘‘OFF. ’’\nWorkhorse believes that the \nnoncompliance is inconsequential to motor vehicle safety and that no corrective action is warranted. Workhorse states that:\n[T]he vehicles will be in compliance with \nFMVSS No. 102 during normal ignition activation and vehicle operation. Workhorse believes that the purpose of the rule is to provide the driver with transmission position information for the vehicle conditions where such information can reduce the likelihood of shifting errors. This occurs primarily when the engine is running, and Workhorse ’s \nPRNDL is always visible when the engine is running. \nShould the shift lever be in any position \nother than park or neutral, the ignition will not start * * * Should the Workhorse vehicle be in neutral at the time the ignition is turned to start, the display will immediately come on and be visible to the driver. \nThere are a number of safeguards to \npreclude the driver from leaving the vehicle with the vehicle in a position other than in the park position. First, if the driver should attempt to remove the key, the driver will discover that the vehicle is not in park because the key may not be removed. * * * If the driver were to attempt to leave the vehicle without removing the key, the audible warning required by FMVSS No. 114 would immediately sound reminding the driver that the key is still in the vehicle.\nWorkhorse states that this situation is \nsubstantially the same as for two petitions which NHTSA granted, one from General Motors (58 FR 33296, June 16, 1993) and the second from Nissan Motors (64 FR 38701, June 19, 1999). Workhorse says, ‘‘In both of those cases, \nthe PRNDL display would not be illuminated if the transmission was left in a position other than ‘park’ when the \nignition key was turned to ‘OFF. ’’ ’\nWorkhorse states that it has no \ncustomer complaints or accident reports related to the noncompliance. \nInterested persons are invited to \nsubmit written data, views, and arguments on the petition described above. Comments must refer to the docket and notice number cited at the beginning of this notice and be submitted by any of the following methods. Mail: Docket Management \nFacility, U.S. Department of Transportation, Nassif Building, Room PL–401, 400 Seventh Street, SW., \nWashington, DC, 20590 –0001. Hand \nDelivery: Room PL –401 on the plaza \nlevel of the Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC. It is requested, but not required, that two copies of the comments be provided. The Docket Section is open on weekdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. except Federal Holidays. Comments may be submitted electronically by logging onto the Docket Management System Web site at http://dms.dot.gov. Click on \n‘‘Help ’’ to obtain instructions for filing \nthe document electronically. Comments may be faxed to 1 –202–493–2251, or \nmay be submitted to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: go to http://\nwww.regulations.gov. Follow the online \ninstructions for submitting comments. \nThe petition, supporting materials, \nand all comments received before the close of business on the closing date indicated below will be filed and will be considered. All comments and supporting materials received after the closing date will also be filed and will be considered to the extent possible. When the petition is granted or denied, notice of the decision will be published in the Federal Register pursuant to the \nauthority indicated below. \nComment closing date: April 1, 2005.\nAuthority: 49 U.S.C. 30118, 30120: \ndelegations of authority at CFR 1.50 and 501.8.\nIssued on: February 22, 2005. \nRonald L. Medford, Senior Associate Administrator for Vehicle \nSafety.\n[FR Doc. 05 –3991 Filed 3 –1–05; 8:45 am] \nBILLING CODE 4910 –59–PDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION\nSurface Transportation Board \n[STB Finance Docket No. 34638] \nSan Diego & Imperial Valley Railroad \nCompany, Inc. —Lease and Operation \nExemption —BNSF Railway Company1\nSan Diego & Imperial Valley Railroad \nCompany, Inc. (SDIV), a Class III rail carrier, has filed a verified notice of exemption under 49 CFR 1150.41 to lease and operate, pursuant to an agreement with BNSF Railway Company (BNSF), approximately 1.35 miles of BNSF ’s permanent and \nexclusive reserved rail freight service easement located between milepost 19.85, west of Escondido, and at or near milepost 21.2, at the eastern end of the rail corridor in Escondido, in San Diego County, CA. \nSDIV certifies that its projected \nannual revenues as a result of this transaction will not result in SDIV ’s \nbecoming a Class II rail carrier, and further certifies that its projected annual revenues will not exceed $5 million. \nThe transaction is expected to be \nconsummated on March 1, 2005. \nIf the notice contains false or \nmisleading information, the exemption is void ab initio. Petitions to revoke the \nexemption under 49 U.S.C. 10502(d) may be filed at any time. The filing of a petition to revoke will not automatically stay the transaction. \nAn original and 10 copies of all \npleadings, referring to STB Finance Docket No. 34638, must be filed with the Surface Transportation Board, 1925 K Street NW., Washington, DC 20423 –\n0001. In addition, one copy of each pleading must be served on Gary A. Laakso, Esq., Vice President Regulatory Counsel, San Diego & Imperial Valley Railroad Company, Inc., 5300 Broken Sound Blvd., NW., Boca Raton, FL 33487, and Louis E. Gitomer, Esq., Of Counsel, Ball Janik LLP, Suite 225, 1455 F Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005. \nBoard decisions and notices are \navailable on our Web site at http://\nwww.stb.dot.gov.\nDecided: February 22, 2005.\nBy the Board, David M. Konschnik, \nDirector, Office of Proceedings. \nVernon A. Williams, Secretary.[FR Doc. 05 –3985 Filed 3 –1–05; 8:45 am] \nBILLING CODE 4915 –01–P\nVerDate jul<14>2003 15:00 Mar 01, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\02MRN1.SGM 02MRN1"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "OC6KMJC3IXV45WRYIJVGKNSMVUD6BUOT.pdf",
"text": "Att&ntion FDA\n0515“00MAY-4/w:p+.\nnetomyattention thattheFDAisbeingaskedtotakeawaymrighttosigna\ncalwaiverbeforepurchasing ahearingaid.InsteadIwouldbeforcedtohave\ndicalexamorhearingtest,Here’smyviewsand/orexperiences onseveral\n~dquestions?\nShouldtheFDAtakeawaymyConstitutional Right,atlkmed bytheSupreme\nn-t,todecideformyselfmymedicalexamsandtreatment?\n~)Q~$(?6“~A)fQu~O+_~L~~,_ZE.’b~.--.,-,,.,,,,\nShouldIbeallowedtopurchase hearingaidsbymailasIchoose? EXCEL Hearing Solutions\n105NFirstSt,Dept.B11\nPOBox586\nDeKalb. IL60115-0586+%\n&\n%\n+??%\nllll,,ll,,Ililll,,,ll,l,l,ll,l,,l,l,l,,l,,ll,,l,,l,lllllll,lll\n...—_=_,.._~_,”"
} |
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"pdf_file": "FKGR2WSW2JVE5A3UJMB3CDZANY52D52I.pdf",
"text": "Technical Specifications \nSheet \n \n \nRequest For Quote #: \nS5105A -11-Q-0048 \n \n \n21-September -2011 \n 2010 Outstanding Personnel of the Year Award \nPresented to \n<Name> \nWith Appreciation for Your \nExemplary and Inspirational Performance \nTowards the Accomplishment of the DCMA mission. \n \n \nOutstanding Personnel of the Year Award \nP/N: A6508 \nCLIN 0001 Mentoring Award \n2010 Mentoring Award \nPresented to \n<Name> \nIn Recognition of Your Significant \nContributions Towards Developing \nDCMA’s Future Workforce. \n \nP/N: A6527 \nCLIN 0002 Acquisition Newcomer Award \n2010 Acquisition Newcomer Award \nPresented to \n<Name> \nIn Recognition of Your Outstanding \nAcquisition Skills and Untiring Efforts \nContributing to the Success of DCMA \nand Our Customers. \n \nP/N: A6521 \nCLIN 0003 Leadership Award \n2010 LEADERSHIP AWARD \nPresented to \n<Name> \nIn Recognition of Your Visionary Leadership, \nOutstanding Professional Skill, and \nUntiring Efforts to Advance DCMA’s \nStrategic Mission through “Good to Great” Principles \nCLIN 0004 P/N: A6578 Herbert W. Homer Award \n2010 Herbert W. Homer Award \nPresented to \nDCMA LMD Should Cost Review Team \n \nP/N: A4379SA \nCLIN 0005 2010 Herbert W. Homer Award \nPresented to \n<Name> \n \n**logo etched into background if possible or at bottom** \nCLIN 0006 \nP/N: A6375SA \n Military Awards \n2010 Type of Award \nName, Branch \nDCMA Company \nCLIN 0007 P/N: A6508 2010 Type of Award \nName, Branch \nDCMA Company \nCLIN 0008 P/N: A6504 "
} |
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"text": "SECTION 1. Whereas, in recent years, a number of companies\nhave replaced highly skilled workers in the commonwealth withlower-paid foreign workers, a practice commonly known as off-shore outsourcing; whereas, such off-shore outsourcing trends areoccurring during a period of significant job loss in the common-wealth; whereas, white-collar occupations, including technologyand computer specialists, financial analysts, accountants, officesupport workers, and call center employees are among those occu-pations most vulnerable to off-shore outsourcing; whereas, thepreservation of jobs in the commonwealth is of the utmost impor-tance to the economic health of the commonwealth; the economicdislocation caused by a company off-shore outsourcing jobs out-side of the commonwealth and the United States poses a threat ofharm to the health, safety and welfare of the residents of the com-monwealth; therefore there is an immediate need to establish a123456789\n10\n11\n12131415HOUSE ....... No. 1645\nBy Mrs. Parente of Milford, petition of Marie J. Parente and others\nrelative to establishing a special commission (including members ofthe General Court) to make an investigation and study of the use ofoff-shore outsourcing of labor in state contracts. State Administrationand Regulatory Oversight.\nIn the Year Two Thousand and Five.\nAN ACT RELATIVE TO THE ESTABLISHING OF A SPECIAL COMMISSION TO\nSTUDY THE USE OF OFF-SHORE LABOR IN STATE CONTRACTS.\nBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General\nCourt assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:The Commonwealth of Massachusetts\nMarie J. Parente\nRichard T. MooreJoyce A. SpiliotisBruce E. TarrLida E. HarkinsBarbara A. L’ItalienPETITION OF:\nChristine E. CanavanFrank I. SmizikDianne WilkersonKathleen M. TeahanGale D. Candaras special commission to study the effects of off-shore outsourcing\non the commonwealth and its residents and possible legislation toaddress and mitigate the effects of off-shore outsourcing and togovern contracts between the commonwealth and its vendors.\nSECTION 2. There shall be established a special commission\nto consist of four members of the senate, who shall be appointedby the president of the senate, four members of the house of repre-sentatives of the house, who shall be appointed by the speaker ofthe house of representatives, and five persons to be appointed bythe governor, one of whom shall be the secretary of administrationand finance or his designee, one of whom shall be the a represen-tative of the operational services division of the executive officefor administration and finance, one of whom shall be a representa-tive of the information technology division of the executive officefor administration and finance or his designee, and one of whomshall be a person with special expertise in the subject of the off-shore outsourcing of jobs and the economic and other effectsthereof, for the purpose of making an investigation and studyrelative to the offshore off-shore outsourcing of jobs by businessesentering into contracts to provide goods or services to the com-monwealth, to make formal recommendations regarding said off-shore outsourcing and to file proposed legislation, if any, toeffectuate such recommendations relating to the administrationand regulation of state contracts with such businesses. Allappointments to said commission shall be made within 30 days ofthe effective date hereof. The commission shall hold its organiza-tional meeting within 60 days of the effective date hereof. Thechairman of said commission shall be selected by the membersthereof. Section 2A of chapter 4 of the General Laws shall notapply to said commission. No member of said commission shallbe found in violation of section 6, 7 or 23 of chapter 268A of theGeneral Laws for conduct that involves his participation as amember of said commission, if he discloses any financial interestdescribed in said section 6 or 7 or other interest described in saidsection 23 to the state ethics commission in writing before his par-ticipation as a member of said commission. Seven members ofthe commission shall constitute a quorum and a majority of allmembers present and voting shall be required for any action voted2 HOUSE — No. 1645 [January\n16\n171819\n1\n23456789\n10\n11\n1213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334 by the commission including, but not limited to, voting on formal\nrecommendations or proposed legislation. The commission shallconduct not fewer than two public hearings.\nSaid commission, as part of its review, analysis and study, in\nmaking such recommendations regarding relating to the off-shoreoutsourcing of jobs in the commonwealth and the administrationand regulation of state contracts with businesses that employ ofuse off shore labor, shall focus on and consider the followingissues, proposals and impacts:\n(1) the extent of the use, and the effects thereof, of off-shore\nlabor by vendors under state contracts;\n(2) the extent of the use, and the effects thereof, of off-shore\nlabor by private and public employers in the commonwealth;\n(3) the economic impact to the commonwealth of contracting\nwith vendors using off-shore labor;\n(4) security issues associated with use of off-shore labor with\naccess to personal information of residents of the commonwealth;\n(5) the economic impact and the extent of job loss in the com-\nmonwealth due to off-shore outsourcing of jobs;\n(6) the economic sectors most affected by off-shore outsourcing\nof jobs;\n(7) the potential economic effect on the commonwealth of\ntaking measures to limit or eliminate the use of off-shore labor incarrying out contracts with the state;\n(8) identification of methods by which off-shore outsourcing of\njobs may properly be addressed and governed by state law,including but not limited to the determination of appropriate andfeasible methods of regulating state contracts with vendors usingoff-shore labor in the execution of state contracts;\n(9) recommendations as to specific state laws that may be prop-\nerly used to address, regulate and reduce the off-shore outsourcingof jobs;\n(10) survey of the extent of use and effects of the use of off-\nshore labor in the United States including, but not limited to, ananalysis and review of the issues addressed in clauses (1) through(9), inclusive, by said commission, as such are material and rele-vant to the survey; and\n(11) consideration of any other issues, studies, proposals or\nimpacts that, in the judgment of the commission, may be relevant,2005] HOUSE — No. 1645 3\n353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273 pertinent or material to the study, analysis and review of said com-\nmission.\nSaid commission shall submit, not later that 270 days after the\neffective date of this statute, a copy of a final report of its findingsresulting from its study, review, analysis and consideration,including legislative recommendations, if any, to the clerks of thehouse of representatives and the senate, the governor, the presi-dent of the senate, the speaker of the house of representatives, thechairmen of the house and senate committees on ways and means,the house and senate committee on long term debt and capitalexpenditures, and the chairmen of the joint committee on com-merce and labor. Any department, division, commission, publicbody, authority, board, bureau or agency of the commonwealthshall cooperate with the commission for the purpose of providinginformation or professional expertise and skill relevant to the useof off-shore outsourcing in the commonwealth.\nSECTION 3. The commission shall dissolve upon the filing of\nits final report as provided herein.4 HOUSE — No. 1645 [January 2005]\n74\n757677787980818283848586878889\n1\n2\nThis Document Has Been Printed On 100% Recycled Paper."
} |
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"pdf_file": "TLFJXZ5TEG6X5AAUHTMVM4JEZVYFEVTS.pdf",
"text": "626 33 CFR Ch. I (7–1–04 Edition) § 117.959 \nshall be raised until the obstruction is \ncleared. \n(c) After a train has cleared the \nbridge, the draw shall be raised to 81.4 feet above mean high water, the flash-ing red lights stopped, and the naviga-tion lights changed from red to green. \n§ 117.959 Chocolate Bayou. \nThe draw of the Union Pacific rail-\nroad bridge, mile 11.4 at Liverpool, need not be opened for the passage of vessels. \n§ 117.963 Colorado River. \nThe draw of the highway bridge, mile \n10.7 at Wadsworth need open on signal Monday through Friday only, and then only from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. At least 48 hours notice is required. \n[CGD8–90–22, 56 FR 488, Jan. 7, 1991] \n§ 117.965 Cow Bayou. \nThe draws of the Orange County \nhighway bridge, mile 2.9 at West Or-ange, and the S87 bridge, mile 4.5 at Bay City, shall open on signal if at least six hours notice is given. \n§ 117.967 Greens Bayou. \nThe draw of the Port Terminal Rail-\nroad Association railroad bridge, mile 2.8 at Houston, shall open on signal if at least four hours notice is given. The draw shall open on signal for three hours thereafter for returning downbound vessels. \n§ 117.968 Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. \nThe draw of the Port Isabel bridge, \nmile 666.0, shall open on signal; except that, from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays only, excluding holidays, the draw need open only on the hour for pleasure craft. The draw shall open on signal at any time for commercial vessels, for a vessel in distress, or for an emergency aboard a vessel. When the draw is open for a commercial vessel, waiting pleas-ure craft shall be passed. \n[CGD8–90–10, 56 FR 14644, Apr. 11, 1991] \n§ 117.969 Lavaca River. \nThe draws of the Union Pacific rail-\nroad bridge, mile 11.2, and the highway bridge, mile 11.2, both at Vanderbilt, shall open on signal if at least 48 hours notice is given. In emergencies, the \ndraws shall open as soon as possible. \n§ 117.971 Neches River. \n(a) The draw of the Kansas City \nSouthern automated bridge, mile 19.5, at Beaumont, is not constantly manned and is operated from a remote site in Shreveport, Louisiana. The bridge is normally maintained in the closed to navigation position, pro-viding 13 feet of vertical clearance above mean high tide. This bridge will open on signal. \n(1) Mariners may request a bridge \nopening at anytime via one of the fol-lowing methods: \n(i) Telephone at 1–877–829–6295; (ii) Marine radio on VHF–FM Chan-\nnel 16; or \n(iii) Proper sound signal as prescribed \nin §117.15. \n(2) When signaling by sound, if return \nsound signal is not sent from the re-mote bridge operator, in compliance with §117.15, contact the remote oper-ator via telephone or marine radio. \n(3) An audible warning siren will \nsound when the bridge is in motion. Video cameras will constantly monitor the waterway near and under the draw. Once a vessel has passed through the bridge, the draw will lower, provided the infrared ‘‘under bridge ’’ presence de-\ntector and video cameras reveal noth-ing under the draw. \n(b) The draw of the Burlington \nNorthern Santa Fe railroad bridge, mile 53.9 at Evadale, need not be opened for the passage of vessels. \n[CGD 82–025, 49 FR 17452, Apr. 24, 1984, as \namended by CGD 08–00–026, 65 FR 71059, Nov. 29, 2000] \n§ 117.975 Old Brazos River. \nThe draw of the Union Pacific rail-\nroad bridge, mile 4.4 at Freeport, shall be maintained in the fully open posi-tion, except for the crossing of trains or for maintenance. \n§ 117.977 Pelican Island Causeway, \nGalveston Channel. \nThe draw of the Pelican Island Cause-\nway bridge across Galveston Channel, mile 4.5 of the Galveston Channel, (GIWW mile 356.1) at Galveston, Texas, shall open on signal; except that, from 6:40 a.m. to 8:10 a.m., 12 noon to 1 p.m., \nVerDate May<21>2004 01:18 Jul 29, 2004 Jkt 203126 PO 00000 Frm 00626 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\203126T.XXX 203126T"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "IFZFKQAJVRO7DBK7PJHVWZGWIWSIK45E.pdf",
"text": "MESSAGE NO: MESSAGE DATE: \n MESSAGE STATUS: CATEGORY: \nTYPE: PUBLIC NON-PUBLIC \nS U B - T Y P E : FR CITE: FR CITE DATE: \nREFERENCE \nMESSAGE # (s): \nCASE #(s): \n \nEFFECTIVE DATE: COURT CASE #: PERIOD OF REVIEW: TO \nPERIOD COVERED: TO \n \n0166203\n02/19/1991\n✔\nINQ-Inquiry\nA-570-201\nActive\n FR\n01/31/1996\n06/14/2000\nAntidumping\nMessage Date: 06/14/2000 Message Number: 0166203 Page 1 of 4 Notice of Lifting of Suspension Date:\n \n \nTO: { Directors Of Field Operations, Port Directors }\n \nFROM: { Director AD/CVD & Revenue Policy & Programs }\n \nRE: HEAVY FORGED HAND TOOLS FROM THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA\n(HAMMERS/SLEDGES)(A-570-201) INQUIRY\n \n MESSAGE NO: 0166203 DATE: 06 14 2000 \n CATEGORY: ADA TYPE: INQ \n REFERENCE: REFERENCE DATE: \n CASES: A - 570 - 201 - - \n - - - - \n - - - - \n \n PERIOD COVERED: 02 19 1991 TO 01 31 1996 \n \n LIQ SUSPENSION DATE: \n \n TO: DIRECTORS OF FIELD OPERATIONS \n PORT DIRECTORS \n \n FROM: DIRECTOR, SPECIAL ENFORCEMENT \n \n RE: HEAVY FORGED HAND TOOLS FROM THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC \n OF CHINA (HAMMERS/SLEDGES)(A-570-201) INQUIRY \n \n \n 1. RECORDS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE INDICATE THAT THERE \n SHOULD BE NO UNLIQUIDATED ENTRIES OF HEAVY FORGED HAND TOOLS \n FROM THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (HAMMERS/SLEDGES)(A-570-201) \n HELD BY CUSTOMS FOR ANTIDUMPING PURPOSES DURING THE PERIOD \n 02/19/1991 THROUGH 1/31/1996. \n \n 2. IF ANY CUSTOMS IMPORT OFFICE IS SUSPENDING LIQUIDATION OF \n ENTRIES OF HEAVY FORGED HAND TOOLS FROM THE PEOPLE'S \n REPUBLIC OF CHINA (HAMMERS/SLEDGES)(A-570-201) FOR ANTIDUMPING \nMessage Date: 06/14/2000 Message Number: 0166203 Page 2 of 4 PURPOSES FOR THE PERIOD 02/19/1991 THROUGH 1/31/1996, CUSTOMS \n OFFICERS SHOULD, WITHIN 20 DAYS OF RECEIPT OF THIS MESSAGE, \n REPORT THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION ON AN ENTRY-SPECIFIC BASIS TO \n HQ OAB VIA ACS E-MAIL: E-MAIL MESSAGE NUMBER, AD/CVD CASE \n NUMBER, ENTRY NUMBER(S), DATE OF ENTRY, MANUFACTURER, \n SHIPPER/SELLER AND, IMPORTER. ALSO IDENTIFY THE PORT WHERE \n THE ENTRY IS HELD, AND PROVIDE THE NAME AND TELEPHONE NUMBER \n OF THE PRODUCT SPECIALIST AT THE PORT THAT WILL BE RESPONSIBLE \n FOR FINALIZING REPORTED ENTRIES. HQ OAB WILL FORWARD THIS \n INFORMATION TO THE APPROPRIATE OFFICE AT THE U.S. DEPARTMENT \n OF COMMERCE. NEGATIVE REPORTS ARE NOT REQUIRED. \n \n 3. IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS MATTER BY CUSTOMS \n OFFICERS, PLEASE CONTACT VIA E-MAIL, THROUGH THE APPROPRIATE \n SUPERVISORY CHANNELS, OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCY LIAISON, USING \n THE ATTRIBUTE \"HQ OAB.\" IMPORTING PUBLIC AND INTERESTED PARTIES \n SHOULD CONTACT JACK K. DULBERGER OR SHEILA FORBES AT \n 202-482-5505 AND 202-482-4697, AD/CVD ENFORCEMENT GROUP II, \n OFFICE 4, IMPORT ADMINISTRATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE \n ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. \n \n 4. THERE ARE NO RESTRICTIONS ON THE RELEASE OF THIS \n INFORMATION. \n \n PAUL SCHWARTZ \n \n NOTE: THIS MESSAGE WAS INADVERTENTLY REMOVED FROM ADIL SO HAS \n BEEN REPOSTED TO ADIL ON NOVEMBER 14, 2009. DIRECTOR, TRADE \n ENFORCEMENT CONTROL IS NOW SHOWN AS DIRECTOR, SPECIAL \n ENFORCEMENT. THE BALANCE OF THE TEXT AND INFORMATION REMAINS \n UNCHANGED AND MATCHES THE MESSAGE THAT STILL APPEARS ON THE \n ADD/CVD SEARCH APPLICATION ON CBP.GOV. \n \nMessage Date: 06/14/2000 Message Number: 0166203 Page 3 of 4 Company Details\n \n*Party Indicator Value:\nI = Importer, M = Manufacturer, E = Exporter, S = Sold To Party\nMessage Date: 06/14/2000 Message Number: 0166203 Page 4 of 4"
} |
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"pdf_file": "TNPZFHBSZAOTQBRUYZ4HMVLBZQIDOKJU.pdf",
"text": "United States Patent and Trademark Office\nUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE \nUnited States Patent and Trademark Office\nAddress: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS \nP.O.Box 1450\nAlexandria, Virginia 22313-1450 \nwww.uspto.gov\nAPPLICATION NO. FILING DATE FIRST NAMED INVENTOR ATTORNEY DOCKET NO. CONFIRMATION NO.\n13/435,967 03/30/2012 Shunichi KASAHARA 1946-0386 2809\n60803 7590 11/23/2016\nParatus Law Group, PLLC \n1765 Greensboro Station Place \nSuite 320\nTysons Corner, VA 22102EXAMINER\nWANG, YI\nART UNIT PAPER NUMBER\n2611\nMAIL DATE DELIVERY MODE\n11/23/2016 PAPER\nPlease find below and/or attached an Office communication concerning this application or proceeding.\nThe time period for reply, if any, is set in the attached communication.\nPTOL-90A (Rev. 04/07)\n UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE\nBEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD\nEx parte SHUNICHIKASAHARA\nAppeal 2016-002164 \nApplication 13/435,967 \nTechnology Center 2600\nBefore ST. JOHN COURTENAY III, THU A. DANG, and \nLARRY J. HUME, Administrative Patent Judges.\nCOURTENAY, Administrative Patent Judge.\nDECISION ON APPEAL \nSTATEMENT OF THE CASE\nThis is a decision on appeal under 35 U.S.C. § 134(a) from the \nExaminer ’s Final Rejection of claims 1—20. We have jurisdiction under 35 \nU.S.C. § 6(b).\nWe Affirm.\nThe Invention\nThe claimed invention relates to “a display control device comprising \na determining unit configured to determine an orientation of a real object in \na real space image. ” Abstract.\n Appeal 2016-002164 \nApplication 13/435,967\nRepresentative Claim\n1. A display control device comprising:\na determining unit configured to determine an orientation \nangle of a real object in a real space image in relation to an \noptical axis of the real space image;\na control unit configured to:\nselect between a first virtual object orientation and a \nsecond virtual object orientation of a virtual object based on \nthe real object orientation angle, wherein the first virtual object \norientation is on substantially the same plane as a surface of the \nreal object in the real space image and the second virtual object \norientation is in a different plane than the surface of the real \nobject in the real space image; and\noutput an image on a display device of the virtual object \nwith the selected orientation at least partially superimposed on \nthe real object.\n(Contested “select ” clause limitation emphasized)\nRejections\nA. Claims 1—10 and 12—20 are rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as \nbeing obvious over the combined teachings and suggestions of Zimmerman \net al. (“Zimmerman ”) (US 2012/0113141 Al, published May 10, 2012) and \nJetha et al. (“Jetha”) (US 6,661,426 Bl, issued Dec. 9, 2003).\nB. Claim 11 is rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a) as being obvious \nover the combined teachings and suggestions of Zimmerman, Jetha, and \nWhytock et al. (“Whytock ”) (US 2010/0177931 Al, published July 15, \n2010 ).\n2\n Appeal 2016-002164 \nApplication 13/435,967\nClaim Grouping\nBased on Appellant ’s arguments (Supp. App. Br. 11—19), we decide \nthe appeal of rejection A of claims 1—10 and 12—20 based on representative \nindependent claim 1. We address rejection B of remaining dependent \nclaim 11, argued separately, infra. See 37 C.F.R. § 41.37(c)(l)(iv).\nANALYSIS\nWe have considered all of Appellant ’s arguments and any evidence \npresented. We disagree with Appellant ’s contentions regarding the \nExaminer ’s obviousness rejections of the claims. We adopt as our own:\n(1) the findings and legal conclusions set forth by the Examiner in the action \nfrom which this appeal is taken, and (2) the findings, legal conclusions, and \nexplanations set forth in the Answer in response to Appellant ’s arguments. \nWe highlight and address specific findings and arguments for emphasis in \nour analysis below.\nRejection A of Independent Claim 1 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a)\nIssue: Under § 103, did the Examiner err by finding the cited \ncombination of references would have taught or suggested the contested \n“select ” clause limitation, within the meaning of representative claim 1, \nunder a broad but reasonable interpretation? 1\n1 We give the contested claim limitations the broadest reasonable \ninterpretation consistent with the Specification. See In re Morris, 111 F.3d \n1048, 1054 (Fed. Circ. 1997). See e.g., Spec. 1110 (“Although preferred \nembodiments of the present disclosure are described above with reference to \nthe appended drawings, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. It \nshould be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, \ncombinations, subcombinations and alterations may occur depending on\n3\n Appeal 2016-002164 \nApplication 13/435,967\nRegarding the contested “select ” clause limitation of independent \nclaim 1, Appellant contends:\nJetha does not have any disclosure, teaching, or suggestion \nrelating to selecting orientations of a virtual object based on the \norientation of a real object. In fact, Jetha does not relate to the \ncombination of real objects and virtual objects in a display \nscenario.\n(Supp. App. Br. 12).\nAppellant further contends:\nThe Appellant respectfully and strenuously traverses the \nunsubstantiated and erroneous assertion that “the combination of \nZimmerman and Jetha teaches selecting ‘between a first virtual \nobject orientation and a second virtual object orientation of a \nvirtual object based on the real object orientation angle ’.” This \nerroneous assertion is inconsistent with the admissions on page \n7 of the Final Office Action and not supported by the actual prior \nart disclosure.\n(Supp. App. Br. 17).\nWe agree with the Examiner ’s conclusion that the Appellant is \narguing the references separately. * 2 (Ans. 14—15).\nThe Examiner finds Jetha teaches selecting between first and second \norientations of ancillary data, based on the orientation of the prismatic body \n(Ans. 13, citing Jetha, col. 5 lines 30—60). The Examiner finds Zimmerman\ndesign requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of \nthe appended claims or the equivalents thereof. ”) (Emphasis added).\n2 One cannot show nonobviousness by attacking references \nwhere the rejections are based on combinations of references. In re Merck\n& Co., Inc., 800 F.2d 1091, 1097 (Fed. Cir. 1986).\n4\n Appeal 2016-002164 \nApplication 13/435,967\nteaches a camera capturing real objects and generating an image comprising \none or more virtual objects combined with a real object, and further teaches \nchanging the angle of a virtual object based on the virtual or real object \norientation on which the virtual object is superimposed. (Ans. 13—14, citing \nZimmerman Fig. 1, || 14, 22, 24, 68).\nWe find a preponderance of the evidence supports the Examiner ’s \nfindings. Zimmerman ’s augmented image (118-2), as shown in Fig. 5C, of a \nhand (real object 106-2, Fig. 1), is depicted holding a cell phone in multiple \ndifferent positions (virtual images), where the angle of orientation of the cell \nphone images depends on both the image of the hand and the virtual image \nof various positions of the cell phone. We find these multiple different \nangled positions of the cell phone in the image of a hand teach or suggest the \ncontested limitation: “select between a first virtual object orientation and a \nsecond virtual object orientation of a virtual object based on the real object \norientation angle, ” as recited in claim 1. (Zimmerman | 68, Fig. 5C). As \nfound by the Examiner, Zimmerman ’s Augmented Reality System 100 (Fig. \n1), and Figure 5C, which depicts the orientation angles of the various \npositions of the cell phone based on the user’s hand orientation, teach or at \nleast suggest the disputed limitation. (Ans. 13—14, Zimmerman | 68, Figs. \n1,5C).\nMoreover, given that Zimmerman (id.) evidences that determining \norientation angles of images of objects relative to each other was well \nknown in the art, we find selecting between a first and second virtual object \norientation of a virtual object based on the orientation angle of a real object \nwould have merely produced a predictable result. On this record, Appellant \nhas not shown that such virtual object orientation selection would have been\n5\n Appeal 2016-002164 \nApplication 13/435,967\nmore than a combination of prior art elements according to known methods \nto yield predictable results. See KSR Int'l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, \n416 (2007).\nNor has Appellant provided evidence that combining such known \nelements or steps would have been “uniquely challenging or difficult for one \nof ordinary skill in the art,” Leapfrog Enters., Inc. v. Fisher-Price, Inc., 485 \nF.3d 1157, 1162 (Fed. Cir. 2007), or would have yielded unexpected results.\nAppellant argues a limitation in the Reply Brief that was not raised in \nthe Appeal Brief, i.e., “determine an orientation angle of a real object \n(Reply Br. 4). We note arguments raised in a Reply Brief that were not \nraised in the Appeal Brief or are not responsive to arguments raised in the \nExaminer ’s Answer will not be considered except for good cause, which \nAppellant has not shown. See 37 C.F.R. § 41.41(b)(2).\nAppellant further contends, “[I]t is apparent from the teachings of \nZimmerman that the first virtual object and the second virtual object are not \nreal objects .” (Reply Br. 4). We are not persuaded by Appellant ’s \nargument, because Zimmerman ’s Figure 1 and paragraph 68 both describe \nreal and virtual objects. Further, we agree with the Examiner ’s reading of a \n“real object ” as recited in claim 1, on Zimmerman ’s hand as a real object \n(Figures 1 and 5C) (Ans. 13—15; Final Act. 5—7, citing Zimmerman Fig. 1 \nand 1 68).\nAppellant raises an untimely hindsight argument in the Reply Brief. \n(Reply Br. 6), where Appellant merely alleges the Examiner has relied on \n“impermissible hindsight ” without presenting any substantive argument or \nreasoning. Mere conclusory statements that are unsupported by factual\n6\n Appeal 2016-002164 \nApplication 13/435,967\nevidence are entitled to little probative value. In re Geisler, 116 F.3d 1465, \n1470 (Fed. Cir. 1997); In re De Blauwe, 736 F.2d 699, 705 (Fed. Cir. 1984).\nBecause Appellant has not persuaded us that the Examiner erred, we \nsustain § 103 rejection A of representative independent claim 1, and the \nassociated grouped claims, which fall therewith. (See Grouping of Claims, \nsupra.)\nRejection B of dependent Claim 11 under 35 U.S.C. § 103(a)\nAppellant advances no separate, substantive arguments regarding \ndependent claim 11, but urges this rejected claim is not obvious for the same \nreasons previously advanced regarding claim 1, and that “Whytock fails to \nremedy the deficiencies of Zimmerman and Jetha . . . .” (Supp. App.\nBr. 19). Because we find no deficiencies regarding rejection A of \nindependent claim 1, on this record, we are not persuaded the Examiner \nerred regarding rejection B of dependent claim 11. Arguments not made are \nwaived. See 37 C.F.R. § 41.37(c)(l)(iv). Therefore, we sustain rejection B \nof claim 11.\nConclusion\nFor at least the aforementioned reasons, on this record, we are not \npersuaded the Examiner erred. We find a preponderance of the evidence \nsupports the Examiner ’s underlying factual findings and ultimate legal \nconclusion of obviousness for all contested claims on appeal.\n7\n Appeal 2016-002164 \nApplication 13/435,967\nDECISION\nWe affirm the Examiner ’s decision rejecting claims 1—20 \nunder § 103(a).\nNo time period for taking any subsequent action in connection with \nthis appeal may be extended under 37 C.F.R. § 1.136(a)(1). See 37 C.F.R. \n§ 41.50(f).\nAFFIRMED\n8\n"
} |
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"pdf_file": "X5LYOK62EFBFVPNGADYEJUVEZJTZDHMC.pdf",
"text": "October 20, 2000 - Joint Meeting of the\nNonprescription Drugs & Gastrointestinal Advisory Committees\nFood and Drug Administration\nCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research\nHoliday Inn, 2 Montgomery Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD\nPrilosec 1 ää(omeprazole magnesium, Astra Zeneca & Procter & Gamble, NDA 21-229)\nCurrently, there are two classes of drugs, antacids and acid reducers (histamine-2 receptor antagonists),\navailable in the OTC market to treat heartburn. Both antacids and acid reducers are indicated for the treatment\nof acute occasional heartburn symptoms. The acid reducers have an additional claim for the prevention of meal\ninduced heartburn symptoms if ingested at specified times prior to a meal. At today’s meeting, the sponsor is\nseeking the approval of omeprazole in the OTC setting for these indications and for the additional indication of\n24-hour prevention of heartburn. Omeprazole, a proton-pump inhibitor, is currently indicated Rx for the\ntreatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer, symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), erosive\nesophagitis, and pathological hypersecretory conditions. In support of the proposed OTC marketing, the\nsponsor conducted studies to evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole 10 mg and 20 mg for the treatment of acute\nsymptomatic heartburn (studies 092, 095, 017, 018, 019), for the prevention of meal induced heartburn (studies\n005 and 006) and for the 24 hour prevention of heartburn (studies 171 and 183). They also conducted five\nactual use studies (studies 003, 067, 014, 022 and 091) to evaluate consumer usage patterns and dosing\ncompliance.\nA. In studies 092 and 095, the primary endpoint for efficacy was the occurrence of sustained complete relief of\nthe first treated episode of heartburn. Based on the primary measure of efficacy, is there a clinically\nsignificant improvement of acute symptomatic heartburn in either the 10 or 20-mg omeprazole groups\ncompared to placebo? Please explain your answer.\nB. In studies 005 and 006, the primary endpoint for efficacy was the percentage of subjects heartburn-free over\nthe entire four-hour period after a provocative meal.\n1. Based on the primary measure of efficacy, is there a clinically significant improvement of heartburn\nsymptoms in either the 10 or 20 mg omeprazole groups compared to placebo? Please explain your\nanswer.\n2. Are the analyses of the pre-specified secondary endpoints supportive of the primary study outcome?\nDo they add information regarding clinically significant treatment effect?\nC. In studies 171 and 183, the primary endpoint for efficacy was the complete prevention of heartburn between\nthe first two doses of therapy.\n1. Based on the primary measure of efficacy, is there a clinically significant improvement of heartburn\nsymptoms in either the 10 or 20 mg omeprazole groups compared to placebo? Please explain your\nanswer.\n2. Are the analyses of the pre-specified secondary endpoints supportive of the primary study outcome?\nDo they add information regarding clinically significant treatment effect?\nD. Based on the types and frequency of adverse events reported in the clinical trials and in the post-marketing\nadverse events database, are the safety concerns for the OTC marketing of omeprazole able to be\naddressed solely by labeling (identifying risks) to consumers for (a) short term or (b) chronic intermittent\nuse? In answering this question, please consider the reports of anaphylaxis/ angioedema/ urticaria, liver\ntoxicity, white blood cell disorders and severe skin reactions.\nE. Do other safety concerns affect acceptability of the OTC marketing of omeprazole? In answering this\nquestion, please consider the questions raised by the FDA reviewer regarding: 1) the masking of serious\ndisease; 2) the potential for genotoxicity, tumorigenicity , and fetal and developmental toxicity; 3) rebound\nhyperacidity reported in the literature with discontinuation of therapy; and 4) hypergastrinemia that may be\nassociated with the chronic or chronic intermittent use of omeprazole. F. Are there drug-drug interactions that affect acceptability of OTC marketing of omeprazole?\nG. In the actual use studies, approximately 65% of the subset of subjects using the product only for the\nprevention of heartburn exceeded the 10 consecutive day limit for dosing recommended on the label.\n(Note: 19% to 22% of consumers using omeprazole for both acute symptoms and prevention similarly\nexceeded the 10 consecutive day limit for dosing recommended on the label). Do these results suggest that\nomeprazole will likely be used by consumers on a chronic basis for conditions other than episodic heartburn\n(e.g. GERD)? Is the treatment of GERD an acceptable OTC indication?\nH. Based on the results of the actual use and label comprehension studies, has the sponsor presented\nadequate data to substantiate that consumers will be able to use omeprazole appropriately in the OTC\nsetting for: 1) acute symptomatic treatment; 2) prevention for up to 10 days.\nIn responding, consider these factors:\na) The ability of consumers to appropriately self-select.\nb) The ability of consumers to use the correct dosage and for the period of time specified in the label.\nc) The ability of consumers to identify when they should see a physician before using the product and\nonce they have begun using the product.\nd) The ability of consumers to identify serious adverse events.\ne) The ability of consumers to avoid interacting drugs.\nf) Use in women of childbearing age or in the pediatric population.\nI. Has the sponsor provided sufficient evidence to support the approval of omeprazole 10 mg and/or 20 mg for\nuse in the OTC setting for:\n1. Acute symptomatic heartburn? Please explain.\n2. Prevention of episodic or chronic heartburn? Please explain.\na) If yes to either, are there any additional studies or risk management programs needed post-\napproval?\nb) If no, what additional studies or risk management programs are necessary to support approval for\nOTC marketing?\nJ. If the Committee recommends approval of omeprazole for use in the OTC setting, please discuss any\nrecommendations regarding information to be conveyed in labeling (e.g., to help consumers select between\nomeprazole and other currently available OTC products, and to help consumers use omeprazole safely and\neffectively)."
} |
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"pdf_file": "Q2ZW5DLO3XURCC6GCJMZY6LZZQUDI4ON.pdf",
"text": "MINUTES OF THE PLANN ING BOA RD MEETING OF NOVEMBER 2 , 2009 \nSUBJECT TO APPROVAL AT THE NEXT REGULAR MEETING \n \nI. CALL TO ORDER: \n Meeting was called to order at 7:0 0 p.m., Jeff Partington, Chairman, presiding. \n \nMembers Present: Jeff Partington, Marc Tremblay, Leo Felice, Mike Lupis, Jim Libby, \nChristopher Desjardins and Jeff Presbrey . \n \nMembers Absent: Bruce Ferreira. \n \nOthers Present: Kevin Heike, Town Council Member, Joseph Raymond, Building \nOfficial , Thomas Kravitz, Planning & Economic Development Director, and Christine \nLanglois, Deputy Planner. \n \nII. ATTENDANCE REVIEW: \nThe Chairman acknowle dged that Mr. Ferreira was on vacation. \n \nIII. ACCEPTANCE OF MINUTES: \nThe minutes of the Planning Board meeting of September 14 , 2009 were read. A \nmotion to approve the minut es as presented was made by Mr. Presbrey , second ed by Mr. \nDesjardins and carried unanimously by the Boar d. \n \nIV. CORRESPONDENCE: \n Letter of Resignation from Planning Board member R ick Lemek. Mr. Partington \noffered the Board’s regrets on Mr. Lemek’s resignation and wished him well. \n Copy of a Correspondence sent to Harrisville Village from the Town Planner \n Letter from Attorney Eric Brainsky regarding the status of the O’Keefe Land \nDevelopment permitting process \n \nV. NEW BUSINESS: \nMinor Subdivision : \nGerald L. Lapierre & Nasonville Fire District, Douglas Pike & Victory Highway, \nNasonville; Map 1 14, Lot 27 & 32 : Corrective Plan Review/Advisory to Zoning Board: \nMs. Erin Gallogly, Project Manager, from Marc Nyberg Associates, was in attendance to \nrepresent the request as we ll as Mr. Gerald Lapierre , property owner/applicant and \nAssistant Chief Edward Raposo, of the Nasonville Fire Department. Ms. Gallogly began \nthe discussion by stating that in 2007 an administrative plan for Mr. Lapierre and \nNasonville Fire District was su bmitted to the Planning Department for review. This plan \nillustrated the swapping of property between both parties – joining approximately 13,166 \nfeet of Mr. Lapierre’s land to the rear portion of the Nasonville Fire Department’s lot and \ngranting approxim ately 11,337 feet of land to Mr. Lapierre’s lot from the Nasonville Fire \nDepartment lot along Victory Highway . This would grant frontage to Mr. Lapierre along \nVictory Highway and would give the Nasonville Fire Department rear area to construct a \nmuch need ed addition to the station. The plan was reviewed by the Planning Department , \nfound to be in conformance with zoning, endorsed and subsequently recorded by the \napplicant . She explained, however, that a survey e rror had been discovered by her firm \nwho pro ceeded to prepare a revised plan and resubmit to Planning. This plan , however, \nwould require zoning relief (a dimensional variance) from the frontage requirements, Page 2. \nPlanning Board Minutes \nNovember 2, 2009 \n \nbecause the property is located in an aquifer overlay district, as the frontage for the \nNasonville Fire Department had been reduced with the land swap. She noted that the \nrevised plan would require an advisory opinion from the Planning Board to the Zoning \nBoard on the granting of this relief. Mr. Kravitz asked if the Fire Department had \ndevelo ped a schedule for construction of the proposed addition. Assistant Chief Raposo \nstated that presently the Fire Department is conducting a feasibility study to see whether a \nnew addition is needed. He noted that the Fire Department’s generator and propan e tank \nis currently encroaching on Mr. Lapierre’s property. The land swap would allow the Fire \nDepartment to eliminate this encroachment. \n \nA motion to approve the administrative plan and to forward a favorable advisory to the \nZoning Board in support of th e dimensional relief from frontage was made by Mr. Libby \nas it is a policy of the Comprehensive Plan, specifically Chapter III – Community \nServices & Facilities – Fire Districts, III.1.c [to]“Maintain and support the high quality \nfire protection and emerge ncy rescue services provided by the volunteer fire companies \nof the Town’s Fire Districts. The motion received a second from Mr. Tremblay and \ncarried unanimously by the Board. \n \nMichael & Diane Young, Mowry Street, Harrisville; Map 178, Lot 9: Preliminar y \nPlan Review: Mr. Michael Young was in attendance to represent the request. He told \nthe Board that he would like to subdivide his property to create a 40,000 sq/ft house lot \nfor his son who wishes to return to Burrillville to live. The plan shows the creation of a \nlot that conforms to the R -40 zoning district both in area and frontage. He noted that he \nhas received approval from RIDEM for an onsite septic system and that RIDEM \nWetlands has verified the wetland edges adjacent to the proposed new house lot. \n \nAs there were no questions from the Board, a motion to approve the minor preliminary \nsubdivision plan for Michael & Diane Young was made by Mr. Felice in accordance with \nRIGL Sections 45 -23-60: the subdivision is consistent with the Comprehensive Plan \nChapter V – Housing, Policy V.1.a and Implementation Action V.1.a.1; the application is \nin conformance with the Town’s Zoning Ordinance regarding lot dimension and use; \nthere will be no negative environmen tal impacts as evidenced by the RIDEM Soil Pro file \nEvaluation Form dated September 29, 2009; the subdivision will not result in the \ncreation of unbuildable lots; and the subdivision will create two lots that will have \nadequate and permanent physical access to Mowry Street. The motion received a secon d \nfrom Mr. Lupis and carried unanimously by the Board. \n \nIrene Nolda, Central Street, Burrillville; Map 178, Lot 9: Preapplication Plan \nReview: Mr. Norbert Therien, of National Land Surveyors -Developers, Inc., was in \nattendance to represent the request. Before he began the discussion, Mr. Therien pointed \nout a slight change he had made to the location of the aquifer zones that differed from the \nplans the Board had originally received, although the change does not affect the overall \nrequest that was stated in his narrative as the A -100 zone still applies. He also handed \nout to the Board a copy of the aquifer overlay zoning districts overlaying the parcel being \ndiscussed. He began the discussion by explaining that the property is located on Central \nStreet, and runs from Central to Clear River Drive, being approximately 300 feet wide by \n1000 feet long and containing approximately 7 acres. He explained that the first 312.5 \nfeet from Central Street lies within the R -20 zoning district; the rest of the propert y is Page 3. \nPlanning Board Minutes \nNovember 2, 2009 \n \nwithin the General Industrial (GI) zoning district as well as the previously mentioned \naquifer overlay zones (A -80; A -100; A -120). The proposal allows for the creation of a \nnew lot line along the existing zone line between the R -20 and GI districts – creating a \nnew lot, containing 4.731 acres, within the GI district and fronting, with a little over 300 \nfeet, on Clear River Drive and the remaining existing lot containing 2.365 acres and \n321.95 feet of frontage on Central Street. The areas on both lots would conform to the \naquifer overlay zones; however, the frontages would require dimensional relief from \nzoning. He note d that an on -site septic system approval was received today for an \nindustrial use, which he proceeded to hand in to the Chair. He not ed the presence of \nwetlands on the site, stating that Scott Rabideau, of Natural Resource Services had \npreviously verified wetlands in the area for the Industrial Foundation, which shows the \nwetlands on the most northerly portion of the property. There is also an existing 75 -foot \nelectrical transmission line pole easement on the property which would have to be \ncrossed for access. Any potential owner would need to gain approval to cross it. The \nproperty would also support a n on -site well. He stated that the applicant was seeking \napproval of the plan, with a favorable recommendation to the Zoning Board on the \ngranting of the necessary variance. He then asked if there were any questions from the \nBoard. \n \nMr. Presbrey questioned whether Clear River Drive w as an improved Town roadway. \nMr. Therien stated that it was a Town approved road but the roadway would require some \nwork within the area of this proposed lot. \n \nMr. Tremblay asked why a zoning variance was required as there is an existing house on \nthe fr ont portion of the lot. Mr. Therien stated that whenever an existing lot is modified, \neven though the existing lot does not contain sufficient frontage, any modification to the \nlot would require relief from the Zoning Board. He added that the hardship wa s not \ncreated by the applicant – it is simply a characteristic of the property. Mr. Tremblay then \nasked if this new lot configuration would tie into any existing industrial development \nplan. Mr. Kravitz explained that there is not any existing development plan; however, \nthere is a chance here to develop more industrial land as the Burrillville Industrial \nFoundation has recently purchased adjacent lots . \n \nAs this submission is only a pre -application , Mr. Kravitz advised Mr. Therien that the \nBoard was unable to render a decision or offer an advisory opinion until the Preliminary \nplan was submitted. He suggested a potential waiver on the roadway improvements, but \nperhaps the Board could require improvements be conducted prior to a building permit \nbeing issued, or bond it. \n \nMajor Subdivision/Land Development: \nSmit h Estates, Hill Road, Pascoag; Map 124, Lot 81: Request for Bond Reduction: \nThe Board reviewed a request from the developer of Smith Estates for a reduction in the \namount of the bond currently being he ld by the Town as surety for completion of the \nroadway. The Board also reviewed a memo from the DPW Director, Richard Bernardo, \noffering a positive recommendation for the bond reduction. A motion to reduce the bond \namount for Smith Estates to $68,000 was made by Jeff Presbrey. The motion received a \nsecond from Mr. Desjardins and carried unanimously by the Board. \n Page 4. \nPlanning Board Minutes \nNovember 2, 2009 \n \nPascoag Village Development, South Main Street, Reservoir Road & George Eddy \nDrive, Pascoag; Map 210, Lot 23: Comprehensive Permit – Conceptua l Plan Review: \nAttorney William Landry, Scott Moorehead, of SFM Engineering John O’Hearne, of \nO’Hearne Associates, and Terri Barbosa, of Neighborworks were in attendance for the \npresentation . Before Attorney Landry began his presentation, Mr. Kravitz told the Board \nthat he had displayed on the easel, for their benefit, previous conceptual proposals for \ndevelopment of this property. The first proposal, for 127 lots, was from March 1997. \nThe second proposal was from the same year but with more of a cluster ing effect. A \nmore recent proposal was from June 2002, which was in accordance with the special \nzoning of that parcel (R40*1), at that time. This concept involved several parcels. He \nthen turned the floor back to Attorney Landry. \n \nAttorney Landry told t he Board that the applicant was before the Board this evening on a \nPreapplication context, so that they would provide them with just the basics. He noted \nthat Rhode Island Housing is still the current owner of the property, which contains \napproximately 20 7 acres, and is located between South Main Street and Reservoir Road. \nHe explained that Neighborworks is the developer and that the proposal is for the creation \nof two distinct neighborhoods – each attempting to meet the affordable housing needs of \nthe To wn in accordance with the Town’s Comprehensive Plan. One neighborhood would \nbe created off of Reservoir Road, utilizing George Eddy Drive as access, and known as \nthe Fernwood neighborhood, containing 75 single -family homes on approximately 100 \nacres. An existing farmhouse would remain and be retained by its current owner. This \ndevelopment would be a mix of two -bedroom and three -bedroom units, together with \nassociated green space and a recreational parcel. The development proposed for off of \nSouth Main S treet would be referred to as Greenridge and would contain 45 rental units, \non approximately 64 acres, with associated open space and is scheduled to be built first. \nThere would be 3 one -bedroom units, 12 two -bedroom units and 30 three -bedroom units, \nas duplexes and triplexes, with a community center for residents as a compact -type \napproach for this site. He added that following smart growth principals, approximately \n88% of the property will be preserved as open space. \n \nFrom an affordable housing appr oach, Attorney Landry stated that there are two \nsignificant things about this project: the project is 100% affordable, targeting households \nat 80%, or less, of area median income; this particular site has been specifically included \nin the Town’s Comprehen sive Plan; which brings the Town very close to the State \nrequirement that 10% of the housing stock has to be affordable. He added that public \nwater and public sewer are available to the site and approvals have already been received. \n \nAttorney Landry the n told the Board that when the project is submitted for Master Plan \nreview, the applicant would be looking to proceed with the rental component first at \nRIDEM as a distinct project. Because the 207 acres is one large parcel, the applicant \ncould not begin one side without RIDEM’s review of the entire parcel. The applicant \nwishes to proceed with each component independently so an administrative plan would \nbe submitted . He said that they would be asking the Board to review and approve the \nMaster Plan for the entire parcel, and then a llow them to proceed with to Preliminary as \ntwo separate phases (two separate projects) , so that they can proceed with the rental \ncomponent first. \n Page 5. \nPlanning Board Minutes \nNovember 2, 2009 \n \nHe then turned the presentation over to Scott Moorehead , of SFM Engineering, to outline \nthe key site design features. \nMr. Moorehead told the Board that the Pascoag Utility District has located two of their \nwells, one active and one inactive, on the property and proceeded to point out their \nlocations. He noted that the utility district was one of the overriding reasons why sewer \navailability approval was immediately sought for the single -family development as a \nmeans of protection for their wellheads. Preliminary sewer availability has been received \nfor both projects of the development as well as water service availability. He added that \ndetailed engineering still has to be completed. \n \nMr. Moorehead stated that there are a significant number of wetlands throughout the \ncenter of the site, which they have tried to stay away from. He no ted the multi -family \ndevelopment does not affect the wetland buffer; the single -family development stays \ncompletely away from any wetland areas except where George Eddy Drive runs from \nReservoir Road. He explained that drainage would be han dled in multip le watersheds so \nthere will be no increase in runoff; it will discharge into the various wetlands in the same \nmanner as it currently does today. No abutting properties will be impacted. \n \nContinuing, Mr. Moorehead told the Board that a traffic study had been conducted in \n2007 with projections to 2012, and showed no significant impact to current level of \ntraffic on Reservoir Road or South Main Street. Mr. Desjardins questioned the time of \nday when the traffic study was conducted. Mr. Moorehead said it wa s conducted in both \nthe morning and afternoon for Reservoir Road, South Main Street/Lapham Farm Road \nintersection, Reservoir Road/South Main Street intersection, Reservoir Road/Route 44 \nintersection, and Route 100/Route 44 intersection (off site). Mr. Pr esbrey questioned the \nnumber of trips the study projected for Reservoir Road from the 75 single -family houses. \nMr. Moorehead said that the study, of the George Eddy & Reservoir Road intersection, \nshow ed that 2/3’s of the traffic moved toward Route 44, not South Main Street. He noted \nthe levels of service did not go down because the volume of traffic on Reservoir Road \nwas quite light for a two -lane roadway. All of the current levels of service would remain \nthe same. Mr. Presbrey questioned whether they had investigated a continuous roadway \nthrough the site. Mr. Moorehead pointed out significant wetland areas that prohibited a \ncontinuous roadway and seriously increase the cost of development, impacting the \naffordability aspect. Mr. Presbrey expressed co ncerns with the 75 vehicles exiting onto \nReservoir Road and questioned whether the applicant would consider eliminating some \nof the units off of Reservoir Road and adding them to the development area on South \nMain Street. Attorney Landry said they could r evisit the traffic report to address Mr. \nPresbrey’s concerns. Mr. Presbrey questioned the site distance at Reservoir Road. Mr. \nMoorehead said the site distance was 400 feet in either direction. Mr. Presbrey suggested \nreconfiguring the lots, to the west of the emergency access road, by allowing for larger \nfront yards, as he is very concerned with the length of the dead -end road. \n \nMr. Presbrey then stated that he was very pleased to see the amount of open space being \npreserved. He added that because thi s project is a 100% affordable housing project, the \namount of taxes generated would not be enough to meet the increase d costs for services. \nHe suggested the developer consider allowing Burrillville town residents access to utilize \nthe open space areas. A ttorney Landry said he would discuss it with the applicants. \n Page 6. \nPlanning Board Minutes \nNovember 2, 2009 \n \nMr. Desjardins asked how the taxes are assessed on affordable units. Attorney Landry \nsaid that the taxes are based on the sale price. The deed restrictions stay with the \nproperty so the houses can only be sold to individuals who are at 80% , or less, of the \nmedian income area. Mr. Moorehead added that Ms. Barbosa had told him that the \ncurrent sale price of a single -family house is at $240,000 or $245,000 but that figure \nfluctuates with the econ omy and interest rates. Mr. Kravitz added that he recently spoke \nwith Annette Bourne, of RI Housing, who had given him the current rates. He said that \nthe figure provided is an average price for a three -bedroom home. Mr. Desjardins stated \nthat he agreed with their concept; however, did not feel comfortable with 100% of the \nproject being affordable. He noted that at 20%, the impact is less than having the whole \nproject being affordable. \n \nMr. Libby stated that he somewhat agreed with Mr. Desjardins in that the Board currently \nrequires many developers, who are doing conventional, market rate subdivisions to \ninclude affordable housing so they are not “rich” neighborhoods. By doing the opposite, \nproviding a 100% affordable neighborhood, without any market rate at all, seems to have \nthe similar effect of somewhat segregating people in some respects. He also noted that \nthe Town is currently short on the 10% requirement, but when compared to neighboring \ntowns, the Town is doing very well at getting close r. According to the Housing Works \n2008 Fact Book, the Town only needs another 69 units in order to meet the 10% \nthreshold. He questioned if the Town was oblig ated to exceed the required 10%, and \nquestioned whether the Town wa s legally obligated to allow 100% affordable. He noted \nthat the surrounding neighborhoods would question whether the full affordable is \nnecessary. \n \nAttorney Landry pointed out that Neighborworks is a non -profit organization and their \ngoal is to always provide 100% affordable housing. W ith the Stillwater Mill project, they \nwere unable to provide 100% because of the cost of the project. He added that with 80% \nof median, they generally refer to it as “worker” housing – working families that \ncontribute to the Town. Mr. Libby also asked wh y the developer is asking the Town for a \n“financial investment” in the form of a density bonus , as was stated in the narrative. The \ndensity bonus would not be necessary if there were a few market rate units. He pointed \nout that the Comprehensive Permit p rocess mandates disclosure of the funding for this \nproject. Attorney Landry noted that private, for -profit developers would require the \ndensity bonus in order to make the project feasible. Mr. Kravitz interjected that he \nunderstood the Board’s frustratio n because, on paper right now, with this project, the \nTown would sit at 11.3%. Perhaps some of the proposed units could be sold at market \nrate, then remove a few units from the Reservoir Road development in order to satisfy the \nconcerns of the Board. Attorney Landry said that he believed some of the funding for \nthis project was granted based upon the merits of the project. He would have to meet \nwith the developers to understand how changing some of the units to market rate would \naffect the project. \n \nMr. Libby questioned whether the mature tree growth along South Main Street in the \nGreenridge development could be selectively trimmed or preserved. Mr. Moorehead said \nthat Diane Soule has been retained as the landscape architect for the project, and he was \nsure she would welcome the suggestion. He noted that the streetscape is something that \nwould definitely want to be preserved. Page 7. \nPlanning Board Minutes \nNovember 2, 2009 \n \n \nMr. Libby then made note that according to Section NFPA 1141 of the fire code , in \nregards to Planned Building Groups in rural a nd suburban areas , there is a mandate that \nbuildings are to be set 30 feet apart, and the property line setback is 30 feet . He pointed \nout that the proposal plan showed the buildings 15 feet apart and 50 feet back from the \nproperty line, noting that the a pplicant is also asking for several dimensional variances. \nIn light of this situation, he suggested that the Board seek the opinion of the local fire \nchief as to whether the fire code applies to this proposal. He suggested that the applicant \ntake a serio us look at their building elevations. \n \nMr. Libby also noted that the Comprehensive Permit process requires submission of a \ndevelopment schedule with starting and completions dates , not to exceed a five -year \nperiod . The narrative provided to the Board proposes a project commencement date of \n2010 and a completion date based upon market conditions . He voiced concerns with that \nstatement as current projects underway in Town have not been completed because of the \ncurrent market conditions and suggested they co nsider phasing for a more realistic \ntimeframe. \n \nMr. Libby noted that he has reviewed the building elevations and found the look to be \nvery attractive; however, there is a conflict on the type of building materials being \nproposed. The elevations are label ed cement board, hardy -plank type siding, which is a \ngood material for this type of development as it is non -combustible. The narrative states \nthat the proposed building materials are vinyl, hardy plank or some other material. He \nsuggested they stipulate the hardy plank type material, which is common for most \naffordable housing developments. \n \nMr. Libby then pointed out on Page 5 of 8, of the narrative, the statement is made that \n“These include a proposed municipal subsidy from the Town of Burrillville in the form of \ndensity bonuses pursuant to the Town’s State approved Affordable Housing Plan, . . .” He \nquestioned when does the Town grant a density bonus as a municipal subsidy? Mr. \nKravitz said the density bonus subsidy is within VPD district, and that th e statement had \nbeen removed from the first section of the narrative but it still was noted on page 5. \nAttorney Landry stated that any waiver is considered a municipal subsidy. \n \nMr. Partington suggested they consider a phasing plan for the 75 single -famil y houses off \nof Reservoir Road. Attorney Landry said that was the applicant’s intent. Mr. Partington \nrequested that the phasing proposal be placed on the plan. In regards to the development \noff of South Main Street, Mr. Partington suggested they conside r saving as many unique \nfeatures of the land that are available in that area. Mr. Moorehead said that both \ndevelopments have the intent of being pedestrian friendly, compact development. Mr. \nPartington questioned placing “housing” within the green space in the Greenridge \ndevelopment. Mr. Moorehead stated that the building within the green space is a \ncommunity center for the residents. \n \nMr. Tremblay questioned when the traffic study was completed, was there any mention \nof a need for reconfiguration at t he intersection of Lapham Farm Road and South Main \nStreet or the installation of a traffic light. Mr. Moorehead said that there was not enough \ntraffic to warrant a light. He did state that they were considering some type of channeling Page 8. \nPlanning Board Minutes \nNovember 2, 2009 \n \nto direct traffic on Lapham Farm Road as there appears to be a sea of asphalt at its \nintersection with South Main Street. This can all be worked out with RIDOT at the \nPreliminary plan stage. \n \nMr. Tremblay then suggested that because there is a concentration of families in the \nGreenridge development, the applicant consider some type of recreational use, other than \na park with a gazebo, for the upland area to the rear of the development. Mr. Presbrey \nasked Mr. Tremblay if he had any opinion regarding the open space. Mr. Tre mblay, \nbeing a forester, expressed an interest in seeing some natural resource management or \nsome sort of natural resource stewardship plan , whether habitat or whatever, for the \noutlying areas of the open space, such as trail access. \n \nMr. Kravitz told the Board that the Preapplication conference could have been addressed \nby himself and Mr. Raymond; but he chose to let the Board review this stage. The \ntimeframe for review is generally the same as a regular land development – Master Plan, \nPreliminary and Fin al. \n \nTerri Barboza, of Neighborworks, asked the Board if they would prefer to mix the single -\nfamily and rental units vs. each development separate unto itself. Mr. Kravitz said that he \nbelieved that was not the case - that the Board was looking to see if some market rate \nunits could be mixed in. Ms. Barboza pointed out that in regards to the homeownership, \nthey would be targeting 120% of median family income and below, not just 80%. She \nadded that the current home prices are $212,000 for a two -bedroom an d $245,000 for a \nthree -bedroom. \n \nMr. Desjardins asked for the definition of affordable housing in Burrillville. Mr. Kravitz \nstated that the philosophy of the State statute calls for providing worker/work -force type \nhousing. Attorney Landry said it is l ow- and moderate -income housing. Low income is \ngenerally 60% of median income; moderate -income is 80 -120% of median income. He \nnoted there is a need in all cases. When dealing with homeownership, it is very difficult \nto create homes to serve the real low income. There is virtually not enough subsidy funds \nto help everyone. Most of these projects have to target 100% affordable. Mr. Kravitz \nasked how many of the units are Neighborworks trying to target at 120%. Ms. Barboza \nsaid she didn’t have the figur e with her this evening. The Board suggested that when the \npublic hearings are scheduled, she should provide photos and displays of the type of \nhousing units they provide and maintain so that the public can be assured these \ndevelopments will be maintained . \n \nOTHER BUSINESS : \n Report from Administrative Officer: \nMr. Kravitz noted that during the month s of September and October , Certificate s of \nCompletion were issued for the following: David J. McGuiness, Grove Street, Pascoag \n(Administrative – 3 lots merged into 2 lots); Irene Nolda, Central Street, Harrisville \n(Conceptual Minor Subdivision – 2 lots) 2nd submission; Boistown Estates, Knibb \nRoad, Pascoag (Final Minor RRC Subdivision – 5 lots); Michael & Diane Young, \nMowry Street, Harrisville (Preliminary Minor – 2 lots) 2nd submission; Gerald \nLapierre & Nasonville Fire District, Douglas Pike & Victory Highway, Nasonville \n(Minor Corrective Plan – 2 lots); and Pascoag Village Development, South Main Page 9. \nPlanning Board Minutes \nNovember 2, 2009 \n \nStreet, Reservoir Road & George Eddy Drive, Pascoag (Conceptual Major – \nComprehensive Permit – 120 units). The following plans were rejected as incomplete: \nIrene Nolda, Central Street, Harrisville (Conceptual Minor Subdivision – 2 lots) 1st \nsubmission; and Michael & Diane Young, Mowry Street, Harrisville (Preliminary \nMinor – 2 lots) 1st submission. The following plan was endorsed : David J. McGuiness, \nGrove Street, Pascoag (Administrative – 3 lots merged into 2 lots); and Boistown \nEstates, Knibb Road, Pascoag (Final Minor RRC Subdivision – 5 lots) . \n \nPlanning Board Di scussions: \nUpdate on the Senior Center from the Senior Task Force Liaison for Discussion, \nConsideration & Action : Noting that Mr. Ferreira was unavailable to provide an \nupdate, Mrs. Langlois informed the Board that the Town Council had disbanded the \nSenior Task Force Committee, at their last meeting, with thanks for all of their efforts. \n \nAs there was nothing further for discuss ion, a motion to adjourn was made at 8:40 p.m. \nby Mr. Desjardins , seconded by Mr. Felice and carried unanimously by the Board. \n \n \n "
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] | {
"pdf_file": "N5GFTLPS4OEGG4YIMC7RDPYUGTPLZIIC.pdf",
"text": "0074G\nSTATE OF WASHINGTON\nDEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY\n3100 Port of Benton Blvd e Richland, WA 99354 * (509) 372-7950\nDecember 4, 2007\nMs. Shirley J. Olinger, Manager\nOffice of River Protection\nUnited States Department of Energy\nP.O. Box 450, MSIN: H6-60\nRichland, Washington 99352\nRe: Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (HFFACO) Change Control Form\nM-45-07-0l for Milestones M-45-13 and M-45-15 00\nDear Ms. Olinger:\nThe Department of Ecology approves the referenced HFFACO Change Control Form from the\nUnited States Department of Energy-Richland Operations Office. The signed HFFACO Change\nControl Form is enclosed.\nIf you have any questions, contact me at 509-372-7924.\nSincerely\nRon Skinnarland\nActing Tri-Party Agreement Administrator\nNuclear Waste Program\njc\nEnclosureDEC 0 6 2007\nEDMC\ncc w/enc:\nNicholas Ceto, EPA\nMoses Jaraysi, CH2M HILL\nJeffry Voogd, CH2M HILL\nRichard Engelmann, EFSH\nRob Piippo, FHI\nStuart Harris, CTUIR\nGabriel Bohnee, NPTRussell Jim, YN\nLenora Buck-Seelatsee, Wanapum\nSusan Leckband, HAB\nKen Niles, ODOE\nAdministrative Record: Milestone\nCH2M HILL Correspondence\nEnvironmental PortalM-457I- ~/3\n/In- 46-/\n8 Is73\n1P\n"
} |
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"pdf_file": "GDSKWZKLKQOSH72CKDIFPUJMVX4KDIW7.pdf",
"text": "DEBATE ON THE RULE TO CONSIDER THE FY2010 BUDGET RESOLUTION\n \nApril 28, 2009\n \n \n \nMr. SCOTT of Virginia: Madam Speaker, the gentleman from Massachusetts mentioned the\nfact that, over the last few years, we'd gotten ourselves into the ditch. This shows the ditch that\nwe're actually in.\n \nIn 1993, we passed a budget that dug ourselves out of a ditch and created surpluses, as far as I\ncould see. In fact, in 2001, when we came into session, we had a surplus sufficient to put us on\ntrack to paying off the entire national debt held by the public by last year. Instead, we had a\ncomplete collapse of the budget beginning in 2001, and there is no telling where this line is\ngoing to end up. It took 8 years to get into this ditch.\n \nDuring the good years when we had fiscal responsibility, not only were we on the way to paying\noff the national debt, but we created record numbers of jobs. We had a median income increase\nof about $7,000 per family, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average more than tripled. Now we\nhave a situation where we have had the worst job performance since the Great Depression,\nwhere the median income is actually down when adjusted for inflation and where the Dow\nJones Industrial Average is worse than it was when it started. It took us 8 years to get into this\nditch.\n \nWe have an urgent situation. This budget will cut the deficit in half in 4 years. Now, that is not\nthe end of it. That's not enough. Cutting the deficit in half is not enough, but for one year's work,\nthat is certainly a good step toward getting us out of a ditch that took 8 years to get us into.\n \nNow we have a situation where the new budget will restore PAYGO, that is, that any new\nprogram will have to be paid for. The reason we could get it in this kind of ditch was we passed\ntax cuts that we hadn't paid for, and we had spending that wasn't paid for. But under this\nbudget, any new initiative will have to be paid for, and that's going to be hard. We're talking\nabout energy initiatives. We're talking about health care initiatives and education initiatives that\nwill be very expensive, but none of them can go into effect unless they're paid for with other\n 1 / 2 DEBATE ON THE RULE TO CONSIDER THE FY2010 BUDGET RESOLUTION\nspending cuts or with tax increases. Everything will be paid for. This is in stark contrast to what\nhappened in 2001 when we didn't pay for anything. We went right into a ditch, and we didn't\ncreate any jobs.\n \nIt is urgent that we pass this budget to get back on the track that we were on in 1993 when the\nbudget created jobs, when the median income was up, when the economy was good, and when\nwe were on the way to paying off the national debt, instead of the ditch we're in today where we\nhave had, in the last 8 years, the worst job performance since the Great Depression and huge\ndeficits as far as the eye can see. We're taking a major step in the right direction.\n \nSo, Madam Speaker, I would hope that we would adopt the budget so we could get on to the\njob of restoring the economy and of balancing this budget.\n 2 / 2"
} |
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"pdf_file": "2F73J4NP2YHKVISKHDIDJ7RGPDKTQZ7D.pdf",
"text": "21 Department of Justice § 0.29h \n(3) DOJ-OPR refers to the OIG allega-\ntions involving misconduct by Depart-ment attorneys or investigators that do not relate to the exercise of an at-torney’s authority to investigate, liti-gate, or provide legal advice. \n(4) The OIG and the FBI notify each \nother of the existence of criminal in-vestigations that fall within their joint jurisdiction to investigate crimes in-volving the operations of the Depart-ment, except where such notification could compromise the integrity of an investigation; \n(5) All Department components re-\nport to the OIG all non-frivolous alle-gations of criminal wrongdoing and se-rious administrative misconduct in-volving any of their employees except allegations involving Department at-torneys and investigators that relate to an attorney’s authority to litigate, investigate, or provide legal advice. \n(6) At the request of the Inspector \nGeneral, the Deputy Attorney General may assign to the OIG a matter within the investigative jurisdiction of DOJ- OPR. In such instances, the OIG shall either: \n(i) Notify DOJ-OPR of its request to \nthe Deputy Attorney General or \n(ii) Request that the Deputy Attor-\nney General determine that such noti-fication would undermine the integrity of the investigation nor jeopardize the interests of the complainant. \n(7) While an issue of investigative ju-\nrisdiction or assignment is pending be-fore the Deputy Attorney General, nei-ther the OIG DOJ-OPR shall undertake any investigative activity without au-thorization from the Deputy Attorney General. \n(b) OIG investigations that result in \nfindings of potential criminal mis-conduct or civil liability are referred to the appropriate prosecutorial or litigative office. \n(c) The OIG advises DOJ-OPR of the \nexistence and results of any investiga-tion that reflects upon the ethics, com-petence, or integrity of a Department attorney for appropriate action by DOJ-OPR. \n(d) OIG investigations that result in \nfindings of administrative misconduct are reported to management for appro-\npriate disposition. \n[Order No. 2167–98, 63 FR 36847, July 8, 1998; 63 \nFR 40788, July 30, 1998, as amended by Order No. 2492–2001, 66 FR 37903, July 20, 2001] \n§ 0.29f Confidentiality. \nThe Inspector General shall not, dur-\ning the pendency of an investigation, disclose the identity of an employee who submits a complaint to the OIG without the employee’s consent, unless the Inspector General determines that such disclosure is unavoidable in the course of the investigation. \n§ 0.29g Reprisals. \nAny employee who has authority to \ntake, direct others to take, rec-ommend, or approve any personnel ac-tion shall not, with respect to such au-thority, take or threaten to take any action against any employee as a re-prisal for the employee making a com-plaint or disclosing information to the \nOIG unless the complaint was made or the information was disclosed with knowledge that it was false or with willful disregard for its truth or fal-sity. \n§ 0.29h Specific authorities of the In-\nspector General. \nThe Inspector General is authorized \nto: \n(a) Conduct investigations and issue \nreports relating to criminal wrong-doing and administrative misconduct of Department employees and adminis-tration of the programs and operations of the Department as are, in the judg-ment of the Inspector General, nec-essary or desirable; \n(b) Receive and investigate com-\nplaints or information from an em-ployee of the Department concerning the possible existence of an activity constituting a violation of law, rules, or regulations, or mismanagement, gross waste of funds, an abuse of au-thority, or a substantial and specific danger to the public health and safety; \n(c) Have direct and prompt access to \nthe Attorney General when necessary for any purpose pertaining to the per-formance of the functions and respon-sibilities of the OIG; \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 10:11 Aug 04, 2008 Jkt 214106 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\214106.XXX 214106rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR 22 28 CFR Ch. I (7–1–08 Edition) § 0.29i \n(d) Have access to all records, re-\nports, audits, reviews, documents, pa-pers, recommendations, or other mate-rial available to the Department and its components that relate to programs and operations with respect to which the OIG has responsibilities unless the Attorney General notifies the Inspec-tor General, in writing, that such ac-cess shall not be available because it is necessary to prevent the disclosure of \n(1) Sensitive information concerning \nongoing civil or criminal investiga-tions or proceedings; \n(2) Undercover operations; (3) The identity of confidential \nsources, including protected witnesses; \n(4) Intelligence or counterintel-\nligence matters; or \n(5) Other matters the disclosure of \nwhich would constitute a serious threat to national security or signifi-cantly impair the national interests of the United States; \n(e) Request such information or as-\nsistance as may be necessary for car-rying out the duties and responsibil-ities of the OIG from any office, board, division, or component of the Depart-ment, and any Federal, State, or local governmental agency or unit thereof; \n(f) Issue subpoenas to individuals, \nand entities, other than Federal gov-ernment agencies, for the production of information, records, data, and other documentary evidence necessary to carry out the functions of the OIG; \n(g) Obtain information from Federal \ngovernment agencies by means other than subpoena and advise the head of such agency whenever information is unreasonably refused or not provided; \n(h) Select, appoint, and employ such \nofficers and employees as may be nec-essary for carrying out the functions, powers, and duties of the OIG; \n(i) Employ on a temporary basis such \nexperts and consultants as may be nec-essary to carry out the duties of the OIG; \n(j) Enter into contracts and other ar-\nrangements for audits, studies, anal-yses, and other services with public agencies and with private persons, and to make such payments as may be nec-essary to carry out the duties of the OIG; \n(k) Take from any person an oath, af-\nfirmation, or affidavit whenever nec-essary in the performance of the func-\ntions of the OIG. \n[Order No. 2167–98, 63 FR 36847, July 8, 1998, \nas amended by Order No. 2492–2001, 66 FR 37903, July 20, 2001] \n§ 0.29i Audit, inspection, and review \nauthority. \nThe OIG is authorized to perform au-\ndits, inspections, and reviews of the programs and operations of the Depart-ment of Justice and of entities con-tracting with or obtaining benefits from the Department. \n§ 0.29j Law enforcement authority. \nSubject to guidelines promulgated by \nthe Attorney General, Special Agents of the Office of the Inspector General are authorized to: \n(a) Detect and assist in the prosecu-\ntion of crimes in violation of the laws of the United States and to conduct such other investigations regarding matters that are within the jurisdic-tion of the Inspector General; \n(b) Serve legal writs, summons, com-\nplaints, and subpoenas issued by the Inspector General or by a Federal grand jury; \n(c) Receive, transport, and provide \nsafekeeping of arrestees and other per-sons in the custody of the Attorney General or detained aliens; \n(d) Arrest without warrant any per-\nson for an offense against the United States committed in the presence of the Special Agent or whom the Special Agent has reasonable grounds to be-lieve has committed or is committing a felony cognizable under the laws of the United States; \n(e) Seek and execute search and ar-\nrest warrants; \n(f) Carry firearms while on-duty; and (g) Carry firearms while off-duty as \nauthorized by the Inspector General. \n[Order No. 2835–2006, 71 FR 54413, Sept. 15, \n2006] \nSubpart F—Community Relations \nService \n§ 0.30 General functions. \nThe following-described matters are \nassigned to, and shall be conducted, handled, or supervised by, the Director of the Community Relations Service: \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 10:11 Aug 04, 2008 Jkt 214106 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\214106.XXX 214106rfrederick on PROD1PC67 with CFR"
} |
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"pdf_file": "A6DZXB7GJCZULMSWOVPHR6WR6FRXNRAN.pdf",
"text": "Sounding Box Activity \nOCS Hydrography Kids’ Kit \nRevised January 29, 2007 \n \nBest for Ages 8 -12 \n \nIntroduction\nNow that you know a little about some of th e methods used to chart ocean depths, \nit’s time to put one of these sampling techniques to the test. This activity is modeled after \nthe lead line sampling method, the method scie ntists used before the introduction of \nsonar. You will play the part of a hydrographer and survey an imaginary ocean. You will \nchart the water depths so that ships can safely navigate through your “ocean”. You will \nneed to be careful with the survey and not miss any parts on your seafloor. Accurate \nmaps are needed to find shallow points of a busy port or objects sticking up from the sea \nbottom! \n \nHow Do I Make a Sounding Box? \n Your sounding box can be made out of a small box like a shoe box. You can use rocks, gravel, dirt, and sand with different sh aped objects to represent different landforms \non the bottom or various surprises found duri ng surveying. Pieces of building sets, toy \nplanes, and small boats are all good ways to re present airplanes and ships that sometimes \nsink and come to rest on the ocean floor. Aluminum foil to cover the box is the best way to represent the water surface. \n If you’re interested in making your s ounding box an irresistible snack, you can \nuse graham crackers, candy, and Jell-O to make an edible version of your sounding box. \nDesign the seafloor of your box and place all of the items in the box. Cover your \nbox with aluminum foil so you can’t see below the surface of the “water.” You can either make your own sounding box, or you can work in pairs or in a group to make separate boxes and then trade with each other to explore your own personal oceans! \n 1 \nExample of Handmade Sounding B ox without the aluminum foil \n \nMaterials for Taking Depth Measurements \nSounding box covered with aluminum foil \nLong, skinny stick: bamboo skewer, long pencil, knitting needle or a dowel \n2 copies of “Depth Chart” grid (last page of this document) \n1 copy of a “Color Coded Depth Scale” \nPencil \nCrayons, Pencils or Markers \nWhat to Do \n1. Have your “Color Coded Depth S cale” ready: color each grid \nthat is next to a number in a different color of your choice. \nExample: #1 – Red, #2 – Orange, etc. \n2. Get a copy of the “Depth Chart” and a small sharp object. Poke a \nsmall hole in each square of the “Depth Chart” so that you can \neasily push through your bamboo skewer through each square of the grid. Tape the “Depth Chart” on top of the aluminum foil that \ncovers the box. \n3. Position the stick carefully into th e first spot you want to sample. \n(grid 1,1 ) \n 2 4. Measure “depths” by gently pushing th e long and skinny stick through the Depth \nChart and cover of the sounding box until it hits something on the bottom. \n5. Pinch your fingers around the stick wh ere it is even with the cover. \n \n6. Measure the distance from the end of th e stick to your fingers using the Color \nCoded scale. What is the color that corresponds to that distance? \n \n7. On your second copy of the “Depth Chart” co lor the first grid (1,1) with the color \nthat corresponds to the distance that you measured. \n \n8. Repeat steps 4-7 at each point marked on the grid on the box. \nRecord each measurement in the proper place on the depth chart. \nWhen you have finished, each square on the Depth chart should be colored. (see the example here and below) \n \n9. Draw lines that connect grid boxes that have the same colors to \nshow what objects or landforms are on the bottom of your seafloor. (see example here and below) \n \n10. Carefully take the aluminum foil off and compare your plotting sheet to the \nbottom of the box. Did you find all of the objects or landforms on the bottom of \nyour seafloor? Why or why not? \n \n \n \n Step8 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Step9 \n \n \n 3 \n \n \n \n15 \n14 \n13 \n12 \n11 \n10 \n9 \n8 \n7 \n6 \n5 \n4 \n3 \n2 \n1 \n Color Coded Depth Scale \nPrint and Color in Your Favorite \nColors \n 4 \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Depth Chart \nPrint and make 2 copies of this chart: \nPaste one copy on top of the box \nUse second copy to color in your \nmeasurement results \n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n12\n11\n10\n9 \n8 \n7 \n6 \n5 \n4 \n3 \n2 \n1\n 5 \n \nQuestions to Think About \n \n1. What type of old hydrographic surveyi ng method is most like the sounding box \nactivity? \n2. Do you think we still have charts that use information from lead line surveying? \n3. What could happen if the depth informati on we have from old surveys is out of \ndate? \n4. Look at the different depths you marked on your plotting chart. What was the \nmost shallow depth you found? \n5. If you were on a small imaginary boat do you think your chart would have safely \nhelped you across your ocean? Why or why not? \n6. How would you change your measurement me thod to find smaller objects, or to \nfind more detail in the large obj ects on the bottom of your ocean? \n \n 6"
} |
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"pdf_file": "AYZVGVPYWC6TNBDO76IU7PON3RZ22WQP.pdf",
"text": "Licensing and Certification Current Valid Licenses (Imperial County) - Business\nBusiness Name Type Number Main/Branch Business Address City County Issued or Renewed Expires\nADVANCE SERVICE, INC. 12/31/10 CALEXICO IMPERIAL 01/01/09 255 5TH ST 35075 MGB MAIN\nAGRICOM 12/31/10 CALEXICO IMPERIAL 01/01/09 413 ROOD RD STE 1B ROOM D 34665 PBM MAIN\nARROWHEAD APPLICATORS INC. 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 09/16/09 560 N 8TH ST STE B 37744 PCM MAIN\nBROMA APPLICATORS, LLC 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 332 W J ST 31351 PCM MAIN\nCH APPLICATORS, LLC 12/31/10 HOLTVILLE IMPERIAL 01/01/09 722 FIG AVE 36930 PCM MAIN\nCHAPARRAL APPLICATORS, INC. 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 5005 CASEY RD 33123 PCM MAIN\nCOUSIN'S HAY HARVESTING 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 09/08/09 1196 GONDER RD 37733 PCM MAIN\nCROP PRODUCTION SERVICES, INC 12/31/10 IMPERIAL IMPERIAL 02/17/09 305 LARSEN RD 37416 PDB BRANCH\nCROP PRODUCTION SERVICES, INC. 12/31/10 IMPERIAL IMPERIAL 02/17/09 305 LARSEN RD 37379 PCB BRANCH\nCUSTOM AG, LLC 12/31/10 EL CENTRO IMPERIAL 01/01/09 620 SANDLEWOOD DR 30312 PCM MAIN\nD S DUSTERS 12/31/10 HOLTVILLE IMPERIAL 01/01/09 1684 ANDERHOLT RD 32108 PCM MAIN\nD S DUSTERS 12/31/10 HOLTVILLE IMPERIAL 01/01/09 1684 ANDERHOLT 34027 PDM MAIN\nEYNON MANAGEMENT, INC. 12/22/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 1450 E BRAWLEY RD 37261 PCB BRANCH\nFARM AVIATION 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 1053 N EASTERN AVE 32112 PCM MAIN\nFO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 12/31/10 HOLTVILLE IMPERIAL 01/01/09 1504 E KAMM RD 37118 PDM MAIN\nFRONTIER AGRICULTURAL SERVICE, INC. 12/31/10 CALEXICO IMPERIAL 01/01/09 304 WEED RD 31440 PCM MAIN\nGOLDEN VALLEY APPLICATORS, INC. 12/31/10 EL CENTRO IMPERIAL 04/23/09 1352 W MC CABE RD 32909 PCM MAIN\nGREEN TOUCH FERTILIZER COMPANY 12/31/10 EL CENTRO IMPERIAL 01/01/09 2015 SILSBEE RD 34195 PDM MAIN\nHELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 101 W CAREY RD 34065 PDB BRANCH\nHELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 101 W CAREY RD 0174000002 PCB BRANCH\nINTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 3669 DOGWOOD 33140 PCB BRANCH\nINTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 3669 DOGWOOD 34325 PDB BRANCH\nLIVINGSTON, W R FARMING, INC. 12/31/10 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/09 215 W 'G' ST 31895 PCM MAIN\nTuesday, April 20, 2010 Page 1 of 2 Business Name Type Number Main/Branch Business Address City County Issued or Renewed Expires\nMSA TERMITE SYSTEMS 12/31/11 WINTERHAVEN IMPERIAL 01/01/10 2139 PST #1 32842 PCM MAIN\nPESTMASTER SERVICES-DESERT VALLEY 12/31/11 IMPERIAL IMPERIAL 01/01/10 300 N IMPERIAL AVE 33241 PCM MAIN\nROCKWOOD CHEMICAL COMPANY 12/31/11 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/10 47W RUTHERFORD WAY 33592 PDM MAIN\nROSS FLYING SERVICE 12/31/11 IMPERIAL IMPERIAL 01/01/10 1095 AIRPORT RD 30444 PCM MAIN\nSOUTHWEST AG SERVICE, INC. 12/31/11 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/10 1120 PANNO RD 34201 PDM MAIN\nSUN LANDSCAPE INC. 12/31/11 IMPERIAL IMPERIAL 01/01/10 2771 US HWY 111 37471 MGB MAIN\nSUN VALLEY APPLICATORS, LLC 12/31/11 CALEXICO IMPERIAL 01/01/10 801 W 2ND ST 33258 PCM MAIN\nSUN-VALLEY APPLICATORS, LLC 12/31/11 EL CENTRO IMPERIAL 01/01/10 620 SANDALWOOD DR 34606 PDM MAIN\nTERMINATE WEED CONTROL 12/31/11 EL CENTRO IMPERIAL 01/01/10 118 E ROSS AVE SUITE C 32087 PCM MAIN\nTHE DUNE COMPANY OF IMPERIAL VALLEY 12/31/11 IMPERIAL IMPERIAL 01/01/10 521 E 2ND ST 34164 PDM MAIN\nVAL- AIR AVIATION INC 12/31/11 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/11/10 822 E SHANK RD 32912 PCM MAIN\nVISCO FLYING COMPANY, INC. 12/31/11 IMPERIAL IMPERIAL 01/01/10 1103 AIRPORT RD 30654 PCM MAIN\nWALCO INT, INC. 12/31/11 EL CENTRO IMPERIAL 01/01/10 2106 HIGHWAY 86 36784 PDB BRANCH\nWALTER SLOVAK 12/31/11 EL CENTRO IMPERIAL 01/01/10 1095 WEST ROSS RD 37591 PCM MAIN\nWILBUR-ELLIS CO. 12/31/11 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/10 4710 HWY 111 33680 PDB BRANCH\nWILBUR-ELLIS CO. 12/31/11 BRAWLEY IMPERIAL 01/01/10 4710 HWY 111 30796 PCB BRANCH\nTuesday, April 20, 2010 Page 2 of 2"
} |
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"text": "Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 37Appendix B\nCommodity Projections Under the 2002 Farm Act\nand the 1996 Farm Act for Selected Field Crops\nContents\nCrop Appendix tables\nCorn.................................................................................................................B-1 to B-3Sorghum ..........................................................................................................B-4 to B-6Barley ..............................................................................................................B-7 to B-9Oats .............................................................................................................B-10 to B-12Wheat ..........................................................................................................B-13 to B-15Rice .............................................................................................................B-16 to B-18Upland cotton..............................................................................................B-19 to B-21Soybeans .....................................................................................................B-22 to B-24 38✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-1. U.S. corn, 1996 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 78.0 77.9 79.2 79.6 80.1 80.2 80.3 80.7 80.2 80.2\nHarvested acres 71.1 71.0 72.2 72.6 73.1 73.2 73.2 73.7 73.2 73.2\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 137.9 139.7 141.4 143.0 144.7 146.4 148.1 149.8 151.5 153.2\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 1,621 1,509 1,339 1,234 1,116 1,101 1,088 1,061 1,120 1,120\nProduction 9,806 9,910 10,208 10,376 10,580 10,716 10,844 11,038 11,092 11,215\nImports 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10\nSupply 11,442 11,429 11,557 11,620 11,706 11,827 11,942 12,109 12,222 12,345\nFeed & residual 5,702 5,701 5,774 5,848 5,873 5,896 5,921 5,945 5,973 5,999\nFood, seed, & industrial 2,158 2,278 2,355 2,391 2,425 2,460 2,501 2,535 2,570 2,605\nDomestic 7,860 7,979 8,129 8,239 8,298 8,356 8,422 8,480 8,543 8,604\nExports 2,073 2,111 2,194 2,265 2,307 2,383 2,459 2,509 2,559 2,608\nTotal use 9,933 10,090 10,323 10,504 10,605 10,739 10,881 10,989 11,102 11,212\nEnding stocks 1,509 1,339 1,234 1,116 1,101 1,088 1,061 1,120 1,120 1,133\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 2.01 2.14 2.16 2.27 2.28 2.33 2.38 2.33 2.33 2.33\nLoan rate 1.62 1.62 1.63 1.72 1.79 1.86 1.89 1.89 1.89 1.89 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 39Appendix table B-2. U.S. corn, 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 79.0 79.0 79.0 79.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.5 80.0 80.0\nHarvested acres 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.5 73.0 73.0\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 137.9 139.6 141.3 143.0 144.7 146.4 148.1 149.8 151.5 153.2\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 1,621 1,561 1,416 1,246 1,086 1,086 1,071 1,040 1,100 1,100\nProduction 9,935 10,050 10,175 10,295 10,565 10,685 10,810 11,010 11,060 11,185\nImports 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10\nSupply 11,571 11,621 11,601 11,551 11,661 11,781 11,891 12,060 12,170 12,295\nFeed & residual 5,750 5,775 5,800 5,825 5,850 5,875 5,900 5,925 5,950 5,975\nFood, seed, & industrial 2,160 2,280 2,355 2,390 2,425 2,460 2,501 2,535 2,570 2,605\nDomestic 7,910 8,055 8,155 8,215 8,275 8,335 8,401 8,460 8,520 8,580\nExports 2,100 2,150 2,200 2,250 2,300 2,375 2,450 2,500 2,550 2,600\nTotal use 10,010 10,205 10,355 10,465 10,575 10,710 10,851 10,960 11,070 11,180\nEnding stocks 1,561 1,416 1,246 1,086 1,086 1,071 1,040 1,100 1,100 1,115\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 1.95 2.05 2.15 2.30 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.35 2.35 2.35\nLoan rate 1.98 1.98 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 40✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-3. U.S. corn, change from 1996 Farm Act scenario to 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 1.0 1.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2\nHarvested acres 0.9 1.0 -0.2 -0.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 0 52 77 12 -30 -15 -17 -21 -20 -20\nProduction 129 140 -33 -81 -15 -31 -34 -28 -32 -30\nI m p o r t s 0000000000\nSupply 129 192 44 -69 -45 -46 -51 -49 -52 -50\nFeed & residual 48 74 26 -23 -23 -21 -21 -20 -23 -24\nFood, seed, & industrial 2 2 0 -1 0 00000\nDomestic 50 76 26 -24 -23 -21 -21 -20 -23 -24\nExports 27 39 6 -15 -7 -8 -9 -9 -9 -8\nTotal use 77 115 32 -39 -30 -29 -30 -29 -32 -32\nEnding stocks 52 77 12 -30 -15 -17 -21 -20 -20 -18\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price -0.06 -0.09 -0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02\nLoan rate 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.23 0.16 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 41Appendix table B-4. U.S. sorghum, 1996 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 8.8 9.0 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9\nHarvested acres 7.5 7.8 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.7\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 69.0 69.6 70.2 70.8 71.4 72.0 72.6 73.2 73.8 74.4\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 46 43 56 75 91 94 88 83 78 78\nProduction 517 543 577 587 606 610 622 627 642 647\nI m p o r t s 0000000000\nSupply 563 586 633 662 697 704 710 710 720 725\nFeed & residual 219 226 246 254 272 276 277 272 267 263\nFood, seed, & industrial 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95\nDomestic 269 281 306 319 342 351 357 357 357 358\nExports 251 249 252 252 261 265 270 275 285 290\nTotal use 520 530 558 571 603 616 627 632 642 648\nEnding stocks 43 56 75 91 94 88 83 78 78 77\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 1.86 2.01 2.04 2.14 2.12 2.18 2.23 2.18 2.18 2.18\nLoan rate 1.50 1.51 1.55 1.65 1.69 1.74 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.77 42✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-5. U.S. sorghum, 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 9.0 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.8\nHarvested acres 7.7 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 69.0 69.6 70.2 70.8 71.4 72.0 72.6 73.2 73.8 74.4\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 46 54 79 84 89 89 84 79 74 74\nProduction 533 580 590 595 600 605 615 620 635 640\nI m p o r t s 0000000000\nSupply 579 634 669 679 689 694 699 699 709 714\nFeed & residual 225 250 270 270 270 270 270 265 260 255\nFood, seed, & industrial 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95\nDomestic 275 305 330 335 340 345 350 350 350 350\nExports 250 250 255 255 260 265 270 275 285 290\nTotal use 525 555 585 590 600 610 620 625 635 640\nEnding stocks 54 79 84 89 89 84 79 74 74 74\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.15 2.15 2.20 2.25 2.20 2.20 2.20\nLoan rate 1.98 1.98 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 43Appendix table B-6. U.S. sorghum, change from 1996 Farm Act scenario to 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1\nHarvested acres 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nB e g i n n i n g s t o c k s 0 1 1 2 3 9- 2- 5- 4- 4- 4- 4\nProduction 16 37 13 8 -6 -5 -7 -7 -7 -7\nI m p o r t s 0000000000\nSupply 16 48 36 17 -8 -10 -11 -11 -11 -11\nFeed & residual 6 24 24 16 -2 -6 -7 -7 -7 -8\nFood, seed, & industrial 0000000000\nD o m e s t i c 6 2 4 2 4 1 6- 2- 6- 7- 7- 7- 8\nE x p o r t s - 1133 - 100000\nT o t a l u s e 5 2 5 2 7 1 9- 3- 6- 7- 7- 7- 8\nE n d i n g s t o c k s 1 1 2 3 9- 2- 5- 4- 4- 4- 4- 3\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price -0.06 -0.11 -0.04 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02\nLoan rate 0.48 0.47 0.40 0.30 0.26 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 44✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-7. U.S. barley, 1996 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2\nHarvested acres 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 62.1 62.7 63.3 63.9 64.5 65.1 65.7 66.3 66.9 67.5\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 84 83 94 105 116 119 122 121 120 122\nProduction 275 282 286 292 290 296 298 304 306 307\nImports 30 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35\nSupply 389 400 415 432 441 450 455 460 461 464\nFeed & residual 109 105 109 115 121 127 133 139 138 143\nFood, seed, & industrial 172 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171 171\nDomestic 281 276 280 286 292 298 304 310 309 314\nExports 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30\nTotal use 306 306 310 316 322 328 334 340 339 344\nEnding stocks 83 94 105 116 119 122 121 120 122 120\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 2.19 2.36 2.34 2.35 2.35 2.40 2.44 2.38 2.40 2.40\nLoan rate 1.41 1.42 1.46 1.52 1.56 1.60 1.61 1.61 1.60 1.61 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 45Appendix table B-8. U.S. barley, 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2\nHarvested acres 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 62.1 62.7 63.3 63.9 64.5 65.1 65.7 66.3 66.9 67.5\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 84 85 98 106 114 117 120 118 116 119\nProduction 278 290 290 295 295 300 300 305 310 310\nImports 30 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35\nSupply 392 410 423 436 444 452 455 458 461 464\nFeed & residual 110 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 140 145\nFood, seed, & industrial 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172\nDomestic 282 282 287 292 297 302 307 312 312 317\nExports 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30\nTotal use 307 312 317 322 327 332 337 342 342 347\nEnding stocks 85 98 106 114 117 120 118 116 119 117\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 2.15 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.40 2.40 2.40\nLoan rate 1.88 1.88 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 46✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-9. U.S. barley, change from 1996 Farm Act scenario to 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0\nHarvested acres 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nB e g i n n i n g s t o c k s 0241 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 3\nP r o d u c t i o n 3843542143\nI m p o r t s 0000000000\nS u p p l y 3 1 084320 - 200\nF e e d & r e s i d u a l 1565432122\nFood, seed, & industrial 0111111111\nD o m e s t i c 1676543233\nE x p o r t s 0000000000\nT o t a l u s e 1676543233\nE n d i n g s t o c k s 2 4 1- 2- 2- 2- 3- 4- 3- 3\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price -0.04 -0.11 -0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00\nLoan rate 0.47 0.46 0.39 0.33 0.29 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.24 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 47Appendix table B-10. U.S. oats, 1996 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 5.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2\nHarvested acres 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 61.2 61.6 62.0 62.4 62.8 63.2 63.6 64.0 64.4 64.8\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 55 61 55 52 56 59 61 60 65 62\nProduction 157 123 124 121 122 122 121 128 126 126\nImports 100 110 110 115 115 120 120 125 125 130\nSupply 312 294 289 288 293 301 302 313 316 318\nFeed & residual 177 164 161 155 156 161 162 167 172 172\nFood, seed, & industrial 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81\nDomestic 249 237 235 230 232 238 240 246 252 253\nE x p o r t s 2222222222\nTotal use 251 239 237 232 234 240 242 248 254 255\nEnding stocks 61 55 52 56 59 61 60 65 62 63\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 1.10 1.24 1.29 1.38 1.36 1.36 1.41 1.35 1.36 1.36\nLoan rate 1.05 1.01 1.03 1.08 1.12 1.09 1.12 1.13 1.12 1.11 48✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-11. U.S. oats, 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3\nHarvested acres 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 61.2 61.6 62.0 62.4 62.8 63.2 63.6 64.0 64.4 64.8\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 55 61 61 60 63 65 66 66 70 68\nProduction 155 130 130 125 125 125 125 130 130 130\nImports 100 110 110 115 115 120 120 125 125 130\nSupply 310 301 301 300 303 310 311 321 325 328\nFeed & residual 175 165 165 160 160 165 165 170 175 175\nFood, seed, & industrial 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81\nDomestic 247 238 239 235 236 242 243 249 255 256\nE x p o r t s 2222222222\nTotal use 249 240 241 237 238 244 245 251 257 258\nEnding stocks 61 61 60 63 65 66 66 70 68 70\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 1.10 1.20 1.25 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.40 1.35 1.35 1.35\nLoan rate 1.35 1.35 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 49Appendix table B-12. U.S. oats, change from 1996 Farm Act scenario to 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1\nHarvested acres -0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nB e g i n n i n g s t o c k s 0068765656\nP r o d u c t i o n - 2764334244\nI m p o r t s 0000000000\nS u p p l y - 27 1 2 1 2 1 09989 1 0\nF e e d & r e s i d u a l - 2145443333\nFood, seed, & industrial 0000000000\nD o m e s t i c - 2145443333\nE x p o r t s 0000000000\nT o t a l u s e - 2145443333\nE n d i n g s t o c k s 0687656567\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 0.00 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01\nLoan rate 0.30 0.34 0.30 0.25 0.21 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.22 50✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-13. U.S. wheat, 1996 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 58.8 59.0 59.5 59.6 60.8 61.3 61.7 62.2 62.2 62.7\nHarvested acres 46.9 50.1 50.6 50.7 51.7 52.1 53.1 53.5 53.5 53.9\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 40.1 41.6 42.0 42.4 42.8 43.2 43.6 44.0 44.4 44.8\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 738 614 652 646 601 577 553 560 571 571\nProduction 1,879 2,083 2,121 2,150 2,213 2,251 2,318 2,357 2,378 2,418\nImports 105 105 110 115 115 115 115 115 120 120\nSupply 2,722 2,802 2,883 2,911 2,929 2,943 2,986 3,032 3,069 3,109\nFood 955 965 975 985 995 1,005 1,015 1,025 1,035 1,045\nSeed 81 81 81 83 84 84 85 85 86 86\nFeed & residual 199 195 222 223 207 208 207 207 208 208\nDomestic 1,235 1,241 1,278 1,291 1,286 1,297 1,307 1,317 1,329 1,339\nExports 873 909 959 1,019 1,066 1,093 1,119 1,144 1,169 1,194\nTotal use 2,108 2,150 2,237 2,310 2,352 2,390 2,426 2,461 2,498 2,533\nEnding stocks 614 652 646 601 577 553 560 571 571 576\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 2.81 2.85 2.90 3.07 3.20 3.34 3.39 3.39 3.39 3.44\nLoan rate 2.28 2.28 2.33 2.39 2.42 2.50 2.58 2.58 2.58 2.58 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 51Appendix table B-14. U.S. wheat, 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 59.0 60.0 60.0 59.5 59.5 60.5 61.0 61.5 61.5 62.0\nHarvested acres 47.1 51.0 51.0 50.6 50.6 51.4 52.5 52.9 52.9 53.3\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 40.1 41.6 42.0 42.4 42.8 43.2 43.6 44.0 44.4 44.8\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 738 617 670 664 608 560 532 538 549 549\nProduction 1,886 2,120 2,140 2,145 2,165 2,220 2,290 2,330 2,350 2,390\nImports 105 105 110 115 115 115 115 115 120 120\nSupply 2,729 2,842 2,920 2,924 2,888 2,895 2,937 2,983 3,019 3,059\nFood 955 965 975 985 995 1,005 1,015 1,025 1,035 1,045\nSeed 82 82 81 81 83 83 84 84 85 85\nFeed & residual 200 200 225 225 200 200 200 200 200 200\nDomestic 1,237 1,247 1,281 1,291 1,278 1,288 1,299 1,309 1,320 1,330\nExports 875 925 975 1,025 1,050 1,075 1,100 1,125 1,150 1,175\nTotal use 2,112 2,172 2,256 2,316 2,328 2,363 2,399 2,434 2,470 2,505\nEnding stocks 617 670 664 608 560 532 538 549 549 554\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price 2.80 2.80 2.85 3.05 3.25 3.40 3.45 3.45 3.45 3.50\nLoan rate 2.80 2.80 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 52✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-15. U.S. wheat, change from 1996 Farm Act scenario to 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (m illion acres):\nPlanted acres 0.2 1.0 0.5 -0.1 -1.3 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7\nHarvested acres 0.2 0.9 0.5 -0.1 -1.1 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6\nYields (bushels per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0\nSupply and use (million bushels):\nBeginning stocks 0 3 18 18 7 -17 -21 -22 -22 -22\nProduction 7 37 19 -5 -48 -31 -28 -27 -28 -28\nI m p o r t s 0000000000\nSupply 7 40 37 13 -41 -48 -49 -49 -50 -50\nF o o d 0000000000\nS e e d 1 1 0- 2- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1\nF e e d & r e s i d u a l 1532 - 7 - 8 - 7 - 7 - 8 - 8\nD o m e s t i c 2630 - 8 - 9 - 8 - 8 - 9 - 9\nExports 2 16 16 6 -16 -18 -19 -19 -19 -19\nTotal use 4 22 19 6 -24 -27 -27 -27 -28 -28\nEnding stocks 3 18 18 7 -17 -21 -22 -22 -22 -22\nPrices (dollars per bushel):\nFarm price -0.01 -0.05 -0.05 -0.02 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06\nLoan rate 0.52 0.52 0.42 0.36 0.33 0.25 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 53Appendix table B-16. U.S. rice, 1996 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (thousand acres):\nPlanted 3,325 3,329 3,329 3,329 3,329 3,317 3,308 3,302 3,298 3,297\nHarvested 3,304 3,302 3,302 3,302 3,302 3,290 3,282 3,276 3,272 3,271\nYields (lbs per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 6,299 6,345 6,392 6,440 6,489 6,538 6,588 6,638 6,689 6,739\nSupply and use (million cwt.):\nBeginning stocks 41.4 44.4 46.7 47.2 46.5 44.7 42.5 40.9 40.2 39.4\nProduction 208.0 209.5 211.1 212.6 214.3 215.1 216.2 217.5 218.9 220.4\nImports 13.3 13.6 13.9 14.3 14.6 15.0 15.4 15.8 16.2 16.6\nTotal supply 262.7 267.5 271.7 274.1 275.5 274.8 274.1 274.2 275.3 276.4\nDomestic use & residual 126.1 128.7 131.4 134.0 136.6 139.2 142.0 144.7 147.6 150.6\nExports 92.1 92.1 93.1 93.6 94.2 93.1 91.2 89.2 88.3 88.3\nTotal use 218.2 220.9 224.5 227.6 230.8 232.3 233.2 233.9 235.9 238.9\nEnding stocks (million cwt.) 44.4 46.7 47.2 46.5 44.7 42.5 40.9 40.2 39.4 37.5\nPrices (dollars per cwt.):\nAverage market price 4.19 4.31 4.45 4.61 4.80 5.02 5.21 5.39 5.59 5.84\nLoan rate 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 54✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-17. U.S. rice, 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (thousand acres):\nPlanted 3,323 3,325 3,325 3,325 3,325 3,315 3,305 3,300 3,295 3,295\nHarvested 3,302 3,298 3,298 3,298 3,298 3,288 3,279 3,274 3,269 3,269\nYields (lbs per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 6,299 6,345 6,392 6,440 6,489 6,538 6,588 6,638 6,689 6,739\nSupply and use (million cwt.):\nBeginning stocks 41.4 44.6 46.9 47.4 46.7 44.9 42.7 41.1 40.3 39.5\nProduction 208.0 209.3 210.8 212.4 214.0 215.0 216.0 217.3 218.7 220.3\nImports 13.3 13.6 13.9 14.3 14.6 15.0 15.4 15.8 16.2 16.6\nTotal supply 262.7 267.5 271.6 274.0 275.4 274.9 274.1 274.1 275.2 276.3\nDomestic use & residual 126.1 128.6 131.2 133.8 136.5 139.2 142.0 144.8 147.7 150.7\nExports 92.0 92.0 93.0 93.5 94.0 93.0 91.0 89.0 88.0 88.0\nTotal use 218.1 220.6 224.2 227.3 230.5 232.2 233.0 233.8 235.7 238.7\nEnding stocks (million cwt.) 44.6 46.9 47.4 46.7 44.9 42.7 41.1 40.3 39.5 37.6\nPrices (dollars per cwt.):\nAverage market price 4.20 4.32 4.46 4.62 4.81 5.02 5.22 5.40 5.60 5.85\nLoan rate 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 55Appendix table B-18. U.S. rice, change from 1996 Farm Act scenario to 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (thousand acres):\nP l a n t e d - 2- 4- 4- 4- 4- 2- 3- 2- 3- 2\nH a r v e s t e d - 2- 4- 4- 4- 4- 2- 3- 2- 3- 2\nYields (lbs per acre):\nY i e l d / h a r v e s t e d a c r e 0000000000\nSupply and use (million cwt.):\nBeginning stocks 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1\nProduction 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1\nImports 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\nTotal supply 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.0 -0.0 -0.1 -0.0\nDomestic use & residual -0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1\nExports -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3\nTotal use -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2\nEnding stocks (million cwt.) 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1\nPrices (dollars per cwt.):\nAverage market price 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01\nLoan rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 56✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-19. U.S. Upland cotton, 1996 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (million acres):\nPlanted acres 14.6 14.9 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.2 14.1 14.0 13.9 13.9\nHarvested acres 13.1 13.6 13.3 13.2 13.1 12.9 12.8 12.7 12.6 12.6\nYields (pounds per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 629.0 630.9 632.9 635.0 637.1 639.2 641.2 643.199 645.2 647.2\nSupply and use (thousand bales):\nBeginning stocks 7,359 6,294 5,756 5,371 5,252 5,210 5,062 4,967 4,823 4,828\nProduction 17,226 17,816 17,603 17,522 17,327 17,146 17,039 16,936 16,932 16,927I m p o r t s 1 0555555555\nSupply 24,595 24,115 23,364 22,898 22,584 22,361 22,106 21,908 21,760 21,760\nDomestic use 7,695 8,025 8,013 7,898 7,773 7,702 7,635 7,572 7,512 7,454\nExports 10,571 10,367 9,975 9,743 9,596 9,592 9,499 9,508 9,415 9,320\nTotal use 18,266 18,392 17,988 17,641 17,369 17,294 17,134 17,080 16,927 16,774\nEnding stocks 6,294 5,756 5,371 5,252 5,210 5,062 4,967 4,823 4,828 4,981\nPrices (dollars per pound): 1/\nLoan rate 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50\n1/ USDA is prohibited from publishing cotton price projections. Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 57Appendix table B-20. U.S. Upland cotton, 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (million acres):\nPlanted acres 14.5 14.8 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.3 14.2 14.1 14.0 14.0\nHarvested acres 13.1 13.5 13.4 13.3 13.2 13.0 12.9 12.8 12.7 12.7\nYields (pounds per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 629.0 631.0 633.0 635.0 637.0 639.0 641.0 643.0 645.0 647.0\nSupply and use (thousand bales):\nBeginning stocks 7,359 6,262 5,700 5,400 5,300 5,300 5,150 5,050 4,900 4,900\nProduction 17,148 17,700 17,700 17,600 17,500 17,300 17,200 17,100 17,100 17,100I m p o r t s 1 0555555555\nSupply 24,517 23,967 23,405 23,005 22,805 22,605 22,355 22,155 22,005 22,005\nDomestic use 7,685 8,000 8,000 7,900 7,800 7,750 7,700 7,650 7,600 7,550\nExports 10,535 10,300 10,000 9,800 9,700 9,700 9,600 9,600 9,500 9,400\nTotal use 18,220 18,300 18,000 17,700 17,500 17,450 17,300 17,250 17,100 16,950\nEnding stocks 6,262 5,700 5,400 5,300 5,300 5,150 5,050 4,900 4,900 5,050\nPrices (dollars per pound): 1/\nLoan rate 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52\n1/ USDA is prohibited from publishing cotton price projections. 58✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-21. U.S. Upland cotton, change from 1996 Farm Act scenario to 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (million acres):\nPlanted acres -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1\nHarvested acres 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1\nYields (pounds per acre):\nYield/harvested acre 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2\nSupply and use (thousand bales):\nBeginning stocks 0 -32 -56 29 48 90 88 83 77 72\nProduction -78 -116 97 78 173 154 161 164 168 173I m p o r t s 0000000000\nSupply -78 -148 41 107 221 244 249 247 245 245\nD o m e s t i c u s e - 1 0 - 2 5 - 1 3 22 74 86 57 88 89 6\nExports -36 -67 25 57 104 108 101 92 85 80\nTotal use -46 -92 12 59 131 156 166 170 173 176\nEnding stocks -32 -56 29 48 90 88 83 77 72 69\nPrices (dollars per pound): 1/\nLoan rate 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02\n1/ USDA is prohibited from publishing cotton price projections. Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 59Appendix table B-22. U.S. soybeans, 1996 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (million acres)\nPlanted 73.8 73.9 73.2 72.9 72.7 73.3 73.5 73.6 74.0 74.3\nHarvested 72.4 72.7 72.1 71.8 71.6 72.2 72.4 72.5 72.9 73.2\nYield/harvested acre (bushels) 39.7 40.1 40.5 41.0 41.4 41.8 42.2 42.6 43.0 43.4\nSupply and use (million bushels)\nBeginning stocks 259 261 260 249 242 209 208 214 213 219\nProduction 2,878 2,914 2,919 2,946 2,963 3,018 3,053 3,088 3,134 3,178\nImports 4 8 8 9 11 8 10 13 10 12\nTotal supply 3,141 3,183 3,187 3,204 3,216 3,235 3,271 3,315 3,357 3,409\nCrush 1,718 1,746 1,761 1,790 1,828 1,859 1,888 1,924 1,954 1,990\nSeed and residual 175 173 173 174 176 178 180 183 185 187\nExports 987 1,004 1,004 998 1,003 990 989 995 999 1,009\nTotal use 2,880 2,923 2,938 2,962 3,008 3,027 3,057 3,102 3,138 3,186\nEnding stocks 261 260 249 242 209 208 214 213 219 223\nPrices (dollars per bushel)\nFarm price 4.32 4.49 4.81 5.02 5 .32 5.40 5.46 5.50 5.46 5.45\nLoan rate 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.92\nProduct market prices\nSoybean oil price ($/lb) 0.160 0.184 0.210 0.227 0.240 0.241 0.244 0.246 0.249 0.249\nSoybean meal price ($/ton) 157.50 151.60 150.50 152.50 158.10 159.70 160.80 161.60 158.80 158.70 60✥The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 Economic Research Service/USDAAppendix table B-23. U.S. soybeans, 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (million acres)\nPlanted 73.0 73.0 73.3 73.0 72.5 73.0 73.3 73.3 73.8 74.0\nHarvested 71.7 71.8 72.2 71.9 71.4 71.9 72.2 72.2 72.7 72.9\nYield/harvested acre (bushels) 39.7 40.2 40.6 41.0 41.4 41.8 42.2 42.6 43.0 43.4\nSupply and use (million bushels)\nBeginning stocks 260 255 250 250 245 210 205 210 205 210\nProduction 2,850 2,885 2,930 2,950 2,955 3,005 3,045 3,075 3,125 3,165\nImports 4 8 8 9 11 8 10 13 10 12\nTotal supply 3,114 3,148 3,188 3,209 3,211 3,223 3,260 3,298 3,340 3,387\nCrush 1,710 1,735 1,760 1,790 1,825 1,855 1,885 1,920 1,950 1,985\nSeed and residual 174 173 173 174 176 178 180 183 185 187\nExports 975 990 1,005 1,000 1,000 985 985 990 995 1,005\nTotal use 2,859 2,898 2,938 2,964 3,002 3,018 3,050 3,093 3,130 3,177\nEnding stocks 255 250 250 245 210 205 210 205 210 210\nPrices (dollars per bushel)\nFarm price 4.45 4.65 4.80 5.00 5 .35 5.45 5.50 5.55 5.50 5.50\nLoan rate 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00\nProduct market prices\nSoybean oil price ($/lb) 0.165 0.190 0.210 0.225 0.240 0.243 0.245 0.248 0.250 0.250\nSoybean meal price ($/ton) 160.00 155.00 151.00 152.50 159.00 161.00 162.00 163.00 160.00 160.00 Economic Research Service/USDA The 2002 Farm Act: Provisions and Implications for Commodity Markets/ AIB-778 ✥ 61Appendix table B-24. U.S. soybeans, change from 1996 Farm Act scenario to 2002 Farm Act scenario\nItem 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12\nAcreage (million acres)\nPlanted -0.8 -0.9 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3\nHarvested -0.7 -0.9 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.3\nYield/harvested acre (bushels) 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0\nSupply and use (million bushels)\nBeginning stocks 1 -6 -10 1 3 1 -3 -4 -8 -9\nProduction -28 -29 11 4 -8 -13 -8 -13 -9 -13\nI m p o r t s 0000000000\nTotal supply -27 -35 1 5 -5 -12 -11 -17 -17 -22\nC r u s h - 8 - 1 1- 1 0- 3- 4- 3- 4- 4- 5\nSeed and residual -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\nE x p o r t s - 1 2 - 1 4 1 2- 3- 5- 4- 5- 4- 4\nTotal use -21 -25 0 2 -6 -9 -7 -9 -8 -9\nEnding stocks -6 -10 1 3 1 -3 -4 -8 -9 -13\nPrices (dollars per bushel)\nFarm price 0.13 0.16 -0.01 -0.02 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05\nLoan rate 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08\nProduct market prices\nSoybean oil price ($/lb) 0.005 0.006 0.000 -0.002 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001\nSoybean meal price ($/ton) 2.50 3.40 0.50 0.00 0.90 1.30 1.20 1.40 1.20 1.30"
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"pdf_file": "65VH6VWWJJCZNGG3XTA7XAPZRAIOGYEV.pdf",
"text": " \nPage No. 1 2 3 \nRev No. 2 1 2 \nReformatted 8/94. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION \nFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION \nE22NE \nRevision - 2 \nALFA ROMEO \nAR318-02 \n \nMarch 26, 2007 \n \nTYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. E22NE \n \nEngines of models described here in conforming with this data sh eet (which is part of Type Certificate No. E22NE) and other \napproved data on file with the Federal Avia tion Administration, meet the minimum standards for use in certificated aircraft in \naccordance with pertinent aircraft data sheets and applicable por tions of the Civil Air Regulations provided they are installed , \noperated and maintained as prescribed by the approved manufacturer's manuals and ot her approved instructions. \n Type Certificate Holder\n: Alfa Romeo Avio S.p.A. \n Pomigliano d'Arco (Napoli) Italia Model\n: AR318-02 \n Type\n: The AR318-02 is a single-shaft turboprop engine comprising a single stage centrifugal \ncompressor, a reverse flow annular combustion chamber, and a two stage axial turbine. \nAn integral main reduction and accessory gearbox is driven by a forward extension of the \ncompressor shaft and has provisions for a star ter-generator unit, fuel pump and control \nsystem, propeller governor, oil pump and aircraft accessories. One aircraft bleed air port \nis provided. \n Ratings\n: (see Note 1) SHP (KW) \n Maximum Continuous, sea level static 563 (420) Takeoff (5 minutes), sea level static 607 (453) \nLimitations\n: (see Note 2) Gas Generating operating speed RPM \n Takeoff (5 minutes ) rating (maximum) 38,095 (100%) \n Maximum continuous rating (maximum) 37,523 (98.5%) Flight idle (minimum) 36,190 (95%) \n \nTemperature Limitations\n: (see Note 3) Max. permissible interstage turbine temp. ITT \n Takeoff (5 minutes) rating 1313°F (712°C) Maximum continuous rating 1284°F (696°C) Maximum transient starts 1382°F (750°C) \nFuel Temperature\n: Measured at engine pump inlet \n Minimum at start - 31°F (- 35°C) Maximum 104°F (40°C) \nOil Temperature\n: Measured at supply oil pump inlet \n Minimum at start - 4°F (- 20°C) Maximum 131°F (55°C) \nOutput Shaft Torque Limitations\n: \n Takeoff (5 minutes) 1589 (lb.-ft.) Maximum continuous 1496 (lb.-ft.) \nFuel and Oil Pressure Limitations\n: \n Fuel (measured at engine FCU pump inlet) \n Minimum 7 psig Maximum 50 psig \n \n The engine will operate satisfactorily with fuel pressure at the fuel control inlet 5 psi above the vapor pressure of the fue l inlet temperature. \n Oil (measured at oil filter outlet) E22NE \n2 \n Minimum 60 psig \n Maximum 70 psig \nAmbient Temperature Limitation\n: Permissible ambient temperature range for engine start: \n Sea Level - 4°F to 104°F (- 20°C to 40°C) 10,000 ft. - 4°F to 86°F (- 20°C to 30°C) \n NOTE: Additional data on engine start are specified in Alfa Romeo Avio AR318-02 Operating a nd Installation Instructions Manu al. \n \nFuel Control System : (a) Fuel control unit (FCU), Lucas Ltd. type PGC 302 \n (b) Speed and temperature amplif ier (ECU), Lucas Ltd. type STA-550 \nAccessory Provisions : \n \nDrive \nType \nRotation \n*Speed \nMaximum Torque Maximum Overhang \n Moment \n (N.m) (lb.-in.) (N.m) (lb.-in.) Starter/Generator Lear Si egler CW 0.256 9.10 80.52 13.78 122 \n Fuel Pump Lucas \nPGC 302 CW 0.162 1.96 17.36 6.21 55 \n Propeller Governor Woodward \n82010-080 CW 0.102 1.63 14.44 1.29 11.45 \n Oil Pump CW 0.262 1.64 14.52 1.80 15.9 \n *Speed = ratio to engine \n Torque Measurement System\n: (a) Torque signal conditioning unit (S CU), Simmonds Precision, type 473265-001. \n (b) Torque and speed sensor, Simmonds Precision, type 473216. Propeller Governor\n: Woodward, type 8210-080 \n Interstage Temperature Sensor\n: Smiths Industries, type 3101-RTH-1 \n Low Oil Pressure Switch\n: Smiths Industries, type 4502/KPS/6/35 \n Ignition System\n: Three torch ignitors, Lucas, type 08107 \n Two ignitor plugs, Auburn, type YB63-1 Ignition box, Simmons Precision, type 49930 Starter Generator\n: Lear Siegler, type 23046-028 \n Fuel\n: (See NOTE 4) Type: JP-1 (Aviation Kerosene), JP-4 \n Oil\n: (See NOTE 5) Type (synthetic, confor ming to MIL-L-23699C): Shell ASTO 500 \n Principal Dimensions\n: Length 41.3 in. (1049 mm) \n Width 21.57 in. (548 mm) Center of Gravity Locations\n: Complete engine with accessories except spinner and propeller. \n Forward of engine gearbox/front mount pad: 7.32 in. (186 mm) On the left side of propeller shaft cen ter line, rear view: 0.27 in. (6.8 mm) \n \nWeight\n: Basic engine weight: 356 lbs. (161.5 kg.) \n Dry (includes FCU, oil pump, le vers, oil/fuel pipes; excludes \npropeller, spinner, propeller governor, starter generator, \nunfeathering pump): 388 lbs. (176 kg.) \n Propeller, spinner, propeller governor, starter generator, \nunfeathering pump: 150 lbs. (68 kg.) \n \n Certification Basis\n: Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR's) 21.29 and 33 through Amendment 9, inclusive. \nPursuant to FAR 21.29 (a) (1) (ii) the type cer tificate was issued in validation of Registro \nAeronautico Italiano (RAI) certification to RAI requirements, Part 233 (Amendment 9). \n Date of type certification application: April 21, 1982. E22NE \n3 \nThe aviation authority for Italy, Ente Nazioonale per l’Aviazione Civile (ENAC) (formerly Registro Aeronautico Italiano) , \noriginally type certificated this engine . The FAA validated this product under U.S. Ty pe Certificate Number E22NE. Effective \nSeptember 28, 2003, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EAS A) began oversight of this product on behalf of Italy. \n Import Requirements\n: To be considered eligible for installation on U.S. re gistered aircraft, each new engine to be exported to \nthe United States with ENAC or EASA airworthiness approval shall have a Joint Aviation Authorities \n(JAA) or EASA Form 1, Authorized Release Certificate. The JAA or EASA Form 1 should state that \nthe engine conforms to the type design a pproved under the U.S. Type Certificate E22NE is in a \ncondition for safe operation and has undergone a final operational check. \n \n \nNOTE 1. Engine ratings are based on calibrated te st stand performance under the following conditions: \n - Nominal output shaft speed of 2,006 rpm. - Static sea level standard conditions of 59°F (15°C) and 29.92 in. Hg (1 atm). \n - Air intake: air intake box and mounting shroud, P/ N 180.30.72.100 E02, intake fl are, P/N L22091 (DLF 10311). \n - Exhaust configuration, P/N LF 133203. - No external air bleed or accessory drive power for aircraft accessories. - Additional performance parameters are contained in Alfa Romeo Avio AR318-02 Operating and Installation \n Instructions Manual. NOTE 2. 100% output shaft speed equals 2, 006 rpm, corresponding to 38,095 turbine rpm. \n NOTE 3. The interstage inlet gas temperatur e (ITT) is measured by eight (8) thermoc ouples mounted in a radial plane at the \nsecond stage turbine nozzle. \n NOTE 4. Approved fuels and additives are listed in Alfa Ro meo Avio AR318-02 Operating and Installation Instructions \nManual. \n NOTE 5. Any derogation from oil type specified herein must be declared in approved Alfa Romeo Service Instructions. \n NOTE 6. The installation of engine must be su ch that ingestion of birds is prevented. \n NOTE 7. Life limited parts and accountability methods ar e identified in Alfa Romeo Avio AR318-02 Continued \nAirworthiness Instructions, RAI approved. Th e time of first overhaul is equal to 750 hours. \n NOTE 8. AR318-02 manual approved under RA I requirements as equivalent to FAR 33.4 and 33.5 (Amendment 9) \nrequirements are as follows: \n- Installation Instructions AR318- 02 Installation Instruction Manual \n- Operation Instructions AR318- 02 Operating Instructions Manual \n- Maintenance AR318-02 Maintenance Manual - Overhaul AR318-02 Overhaul Manual - Performance AR318-02 Technical specification document \n NOTE 9. Overhaul of engine must comp ly with the AR318-02 Overhaul Manual. \n NOTE 10. The air inlet pressure distortion limits are defined in AR318-02 Operati ng and Installation Manual. \n NOTE 11. Each of the docum ents listed below must state that it is approved by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) \nor, for approvals made before September 28, 2003 by Ente Nazionale per l’Aviazione Civile (ENAC) or \nRegistro Aeronautico Italiano (RAI). Any such documents including those approved under a delegated \nauthority, are accepted by the FAA and are considered FAA approved. • Service bulletins, \n • Structural repair manuals, \n • Vendor manuals, \n • Aircraft flight manuals, and \n • Overhaul and maintenance manuals. \n \nThese approvals pertain to the type design only. \n...END... "
} |
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"pdf_file": "YTZFSDRLFKSKIT5B6YTESDKRXLM2ZBWZ.pdf",
"text": "581Environmental Protection Agency § 421.283\nsource subject to this subpart shall\nachieve the following effluent limita-tions representing the degree of efflu-ent reduction attainable by the appli-cation of the best practicable tech-nology currently available:\n(a) Tantalum alloy leach and rinse.\nBPT L\nIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum for\nany 1 dayMaximum for\nmonthly aver-\nage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of tantalum pow-der produced\nCopper ................................... 438.100 230.600\nLead ....................................... 96.850 46.120\nNickel ..................................... 442.800 292.900\nZinc ........................................ 336.700 140.700\nTantalum ................................ 103.800 ......................\nTotal suspended solids ......... 9,455.000 4,497.000\npH .......................................... (1)(1)\n1Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.\n(b) Capacitor leach and rinse.\nBPT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of tantalumpowder produced fromleaching\nCopper ....................................... 38.380 20.200\nLead ........................................... 8.484 4.040\nNickel ......................................... 38.780 25.650\nZinc ............................................ 29.490 12.320\nTantalum .................................... 9.090 ....................\nTotal suspended solids ............. 828.200 393.900\npH .............................................. (1)(1)\n1Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.\n(c) Tantalum sludge leach and rinse.\nBPT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of equivalentpure tantalum powderproduced\nCopper ....................................... 390.100 205.300\nLead ........................................... 86.230 41.060\nNickel ......................................... 394.200 260.700\nZinc ............................................ 299.700 125.200\nTantalum .................................... 92.390 ....................\nTotal suspended solids ............. 8,417.000 4,003.000BPT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY ÐContinued\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\npH .............................................. (1)(1)\n1Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.\n(d) Tantalum powder acid wash and\nrinse.\nBPT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of tantalumpowder produced\nCopper ....................................... 0.665 0.350\nLead ........................................... 0.147 0.070\nNickel ......................................... 0.672 0.445\nZinc ............................................ 0.511 0.214\nTantalum .................................... 0.158 ....................\nTotal suspended solids ............. 14.350 6.825\npH .............................................. (1)(1)\n1Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.\n(e) Leaching wet air pollution con-\ntrol.\nBPT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of equivalentpure tantalum powderproduced\nCopper ....................................... 9.272 4.880\nLead ........................................... 2.050 0.976\nNickel ......................................... 9.370 6.198\nZinc ............................................ 7.125 2.977\nTantalum .................................... 2.196 ....................\nTotal suspended solids ............. 200.100 95.160\npH .............................................. (1)(1)\n1Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.\n§ 421.283 Effluent limitations guide-\nlines representing the degree of ef-fluent reduction attainable by theapplication of the best availabletechnology economically achiev-able.\nExcept as provided in 40 CFR 125.30\nthrough 125.32, any existing pointsource subject to this subpart shall\nVerDate 11<MAY>2000 03:52 Aug 01, 2000 Jkt 190156 PO 00000 Frm 00581 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\190156T.XXX 190156T PsN: 190156T 58240 CFR Ch. I (7±1±00 Edition) § 421.284\nachieve the following effluent limita-\ntions representing the degree of efflu-ent reduction attainable by the appli-cation of the best available technologyeconomically achievable:\n(a) Tantalum alloy leach and rinse.\nBAT L\nIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of tantalumpowder produced\nCopper ....................................... 295.200 140.700\nLead ........................................... 64.570 29.980\nNickel ......................................... 126.800 85.320\nZinc ............................................ 235.200 96.850\nTantalum .................................... 103.800 ....................\n(b) Capacitor leach and rinse.\nBAT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of tantalumpowder produced fromleaching\nCopper ....................................... 25.860 12.320\nLead ........................................... 5.656 2.626\nNickel ......................................... 11.110 7.474\nZinc ............................................ 20.600 8.484\nTantalum .................................... 9.090 ....................\n(c) Tantalum sludge leach and rinse.\nBAT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of equivalentpure tantalum powderproduced\nCopper ....................................... 262.800 125.200\nLead ........................................... 57.480 26.690\nNickel ......................................... 112.900 75.960\nZinc ............................................ 209.400 86.230\nTantalum .................................... 92.390 ....................\n(d) Tantalum powder acid wash and\nrinse.BAT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of tantalumpowder produced\nCopper ....................................... 0.448 0.214\nLead ........................................... 0.098 0.046\nNickel ......................................... 0.193 0.130\nZinc ............................................ 0.357 0.147\nTantalum .................................... 0.158 ....................\n(e) Leaching wet air pollution con-\ntrol.\nBAT LIMITATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY\nTANTALUMSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of equivalentpure tantalum powderproduced\nCopper ....................................... 6.246 2.977\nLead ........................................... 1.366 0.634\nNickel ......................................... 2.684 1.806\nZinc ............................................ 4.978 2.050\nTantalum .................................... 2.196 ....................\n§ 421.284 Standards of performance for\nnew sources.\nAny new source subject to this sub-\npart shall achieve the following newsource performance standards:\n(a) Tantalum alloy leach and rinse.\nNSPS \nFOR THESECONDARY TANTALUM\nSUBCATEGORY\nPollutant or pollutant propertyMaximum\nfor any 1\ndayMaximum\nfor monthly\naverage\nmg/kg (pounds per million\npounds) of tantalumpowder produced\nCopper ....................................... 295.200 140.700\nLead ........................................... 64.570 29.980\nNickel ......................................... 126.800 85.320\nZinc ............................................ 235.200 96.850\nTantalum .................................... 103.800 ....................\nTotal suspended solids ............. 3,459.000 2,767.000\npH .............................................. (1)(1)\n1Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.\n(b) Capacitor leach and rinse.\nVerDate 11<MAY>2000 03:52 Aug 01, 2000 Jkt 190156 PO 00000 Frm 00582 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\190156T.XXX 190156T PsN: 190156T"
} |
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] | {
"pdf_file": "W7KYNROWRCJS5Q4BRHWS65K5BQ7JHZKG.pdf",
"text": "STATE OF WISCONSIN \n***************t* \n* \nKARL W. MARQUARDT, * \n* \nAppellant, * \n* \nv. * \n* \nSuperintendent, DEPARTMENT OF * \nPUBLIe INSTRUCTION, * \n+ \nRespondent. * \n* \nCase No. go-0349-PC * \n* \n************t**** \\,A ’ \nPERSONNEL COMMISSION \nRULING ON \nMOTION \nTO DISMISS \nThis matter is before the Commission following a prehearing \nconference, November 5. 1990, in which respondent raised the issue of the \nCommission’s authority to hear the captioned appeal. Subsequently, on \nNovember 19, 1990, respondent filed a motion to dismiss the captioned appeal \nbecause it was untimely. \nFor purposes of this motion the following facts are taken as uncontested. \nOn March 15, 1990, respondent announced a servicewide promotional \nopportunity for its chief legal counsel position in the Department of \nEmployment Relation’s Job Opportunities Bulletin. \nAppellant applied for the position, went through the examination \nprocess and was among those certified as eligible for appointment. Five \ncandidates were interviewed during the final screening which was completed \non or about May 30, 1990. \nOn July 3, 1990, appellant received notice that he was not selected for \nthe position. Subsequently, about July 8, appellant learned the position may \nhave been filled by a transfer candidate not on the certification list. \nAppellant requested respondent to provide a copy of the certification \nlist and identification of the appointee. He received it on July 18, 1990. \nRespondent’s cover letter indicated July 15, 1990. was the effective dates of the \nappointee’s appointment. \nOn August 14. 1990, appellant Bled an appeal with the Commission, \nalleging respondent violated 8230.44(1)(d). Stats. Marquardt v. DPI \nCase No. 90-0349-PC \nPage 2 \nRespondent contends the Commission lacks jurisdiction over this matter \nbecause appellant failed to file his appeal within thirty days after he was \nnotified of his nonselection. Respondent cites Cozzens-Ellis \n&mat.. 155 Wis 2d 271, 455 N.W. 2d 246 (Ct. App. 1990). which held the effective \ndate of promotion and not the date the person who was promoted began the \nnew job was the decision date, was on point. \n,In response, appellant argues that Cozzens-ElIi& is distinguishable from \nthis matter on the basis of facts and on the basis of the subject of the appeal. \nAppellant alleges he is appealing the hiring process and not his non- \nselection. \nThe facts in kens-Ellis and this matter are virtually identical. They \ndiffer only in the breadth of the job promotional opportunity where in this \nmatter the promotional opportunity was servicewide, while in Cozzens-Ellis it \nwas intra-departmental. This distinction has little bearing on the matter. \nConcerning appellant’s second argument, he alleges he seeks a review \nOf: “the hiring process, i.e., changing methods for obtaining a pool of \napplicants without adequate notice to afford an equal opportunity for all \ninterested candidates to be considered under the transfer opportunity, . .” \nIn Cozzens-Ellis the court said: \nUnder Sec. 230.44(1)(d). an employe appeals from a ‘personnel \naction’ alleged to be illegal or an abuse of discretion. If a person \nis denied a promotion, the action appealed from is the denial, not \na later event stemming from it. \nIn the instant case before the Commission, appellant, as in wns-Ellis. \nappealed under $23044(1)(d). Consequently. the action he appealed was his \ndenial or nonselection. However, if, as appellant alleges, $230.44(1)(d) \nincludes ‘a general appeal of the hiring process, then the focus of appellant’s \nappeal is respondent’s “action” allowing the inclusion of transfer employes in \nthe pool of eligible candidates and not a later event stemming from it. In \neither instance, undisputed facts show that appellant filed his appeal more \nthan thirty days after the effective date of respondent’s personnel action \nallowing the inclusion of transferees or his notice of nonselection. \nFor the above stated reasons, respondent’s motion for dismissal prevails. Marquardt v. DPI \nCase No. 90-0349-PC \nPage 3 \nThis appeal is dismissed as untimely filed. \nDated: /I (1991 STATE PERSONNEL COMMISSION \nDRM/gdt/Z \nGERALD F. HODDINOm, Commissioner \nKarl W. Marquardt \n3905 Sumac Circle \nMiddleton, WI 53562 Herbert J. Grover \nSuperintendent, DPI \n125 South Webster Street \nP.O. Box 7841 \nMadison, WI 53707 "
} |
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"pdf_file": "BFS4QFMW3DINEZVMEQEDDKQYOURCQ62M.pdf",
"text": "10 N10 N10 N10 N15 N15 N15 N15 N20 N20 N20 N20 N\n90 W90 W\n90 W90 W\n85 W85 W\n85 W85 W\n80 W80 W\n80 W80 W\n2022242628303234\nSST (celsius)\nData courtesy of:\nUSDOC/NOAA/NESDIS \nCoastWatch\n \nSatellite:\n METOP-1\nSensor:\n AVHRR\nDate:\n 2017/05/12 JD 132\nTime:\n 15:46:54 UTC\n 09:46:54 -0600\nScene time:\n DAY\nProjection type:\n MAPPED\nMap projection:\n 1.47 km/pixel\n MERCATOR\nLatitude bounds:\n 7 N -> 24 N\nLongitude bounds:\n 95 W -> 75 W"
} |
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"pdf_file": "I2DMPRJ5EOG5AE7BCMHS5IB2KPWKG322.pdf",
"text": "11Office of the Secretary, Interior §2.15\nU.S. Department of the Interior, Wash-\nington, DC 20240. \n(b) Form of requests. (1) Requests \nunder this subpart shall be in writing \nand must specifically invoke the Act. \n(2) A request must reasonably de-\nscribe the records requested. A request reasonably describes the records re-quested if it will enable an employee of the Department familiar with the sub-ject area of the request to locate the record with a reasonable amount of ef-fort. If such information is available, the request should identify the subject matter of the record, the date when it was made, the place where it was made, the person or office that made it, the present custodian of the record, and any other information that will assist in locating the requested record. If the request involves a matter known by the requester to be in litigation, the re-quest should also state the case name and court hearing the case. \n(3)(i) A request shall — \n(A) Specify the fee category \n(commercial use, news media, edu-cational institution, noncommercial scientific institution, or other) in which the requester claims the request to fall and the basis of this claim (see §2.20(b) through (e) for definitions) and \n(B) State the maximum amount of \nfees that the requester is willing to pay or include a request for a fee waiver. \n(ii) Requesters are advised that, \nunder §2.20 (f) and (g), the time for re-\nsponding to requests may be delayed — \n(A) If a requester has not sufficiently \nidentified the fee category applicable to the request, \n(B) If a requester has not stated a \nwillingness to pay fees as high as an-ticipated by the Department or \n(C) If a fee waiver request is denied \nand the requester has not included an alternative statement of willingness to pay fees as high as anticipated by the Department. \n(4) A request seeking a fee waiver \nshall, to the extent possible, address why the requester believes that the cri-teria for fee waivers set out in §2.21 are \nmet. \n(5) To ensure expeditious handling, \nrequests should be prominently marked, both the envelope and on the face of the request, with the legend ‘‘FREEDOM OF INFORMATION RE-\nQUEST. ’’\n(c) Creation of records. A request may \nseek only records that are in existence at the time the request is received. A request may not seek records that \ncome into existence after the date on which it is received and may not re-quire that new records be created in re-sponse to the request by, for example, combining or compiling selected items from manual files, preparing a new computer program, or calculating pro-portions, percentages, frequency dis-tributions, trends or comparisons. In those instances where the Department determines that creating a new record will be less burdensome than disclosing large volumes of unassembled mate-rial, the Department may, in its discre-tion, agree to creation of a new record as an alternative to disclosing existing records. \n[52 FR 45586, Nov. 30, 1987, as amended at 67 \nFR 4368, Jan. 30, 2002]\n§2.15 Preliminary processing of re-\nquests. \n(a) Scope of requests. (1) Unless a re-\nquest clearly specifies otherwise, re-quests to field installations of a bureau may be presumed to seek only records at that installation and requests to a bureau head or bureau FOIA officer may be presumed to seek only records of that bureau. \n(2) If a request to a field installation \nof a bureau specifies that it seeks records located at other installations of the same bureau, the installation shall refer the request to the other in-stallation(s) or the bureau FOIA officer for appropriate processing. The time limit provided in §2.17(a) does not start \nuntil the request is received at the in-stallation having the records or by the bureau FOIA officer. \n(3) If a request to a bureau specifies \nthat it seeks records of another bureau, the bureau may return the request (or the relevant portion thereof) to the re-quester with instructions as to how the request may be resubmitted to the other bureau. \n(b) Intradepartmental consultation and \nreferral. (1) If a bureau (other than the \nOffice of Inspector General) receives a request for records in its possession\nVerDate 0ct<31>2002 04:19 Nov 23, 2002 Jkt 197172 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\197172T.XXX 197172T 1243 CFR Subtitle A (10 –1–02 Edition) §2.15\nthat originated with or are of substan-\ntial concern to another bureau, it shall consult with that bureau before decid-ing whether to release or withhold the records. \n(2) As an alternative to consultation, \na bureau may refer the request (or the relevant protion thereof) to the bureau that originated or is substantially con-cerned with the records. Such referrals shall be made expeditiously and the re-quester shall be notified in writing that a referral has been made. A refer-ral under this paragraph does not re-start the time limit provided in §2.17. \n(c) Records of other departments and \nagencies. (1) If a requested record in the \npossession of the Department of the In-terior originated with another Federal department or agency, the request shall be referred to that agency un-\nless— \n(i) The record is of primary interest \nto the Department, \n(ii) The Department is in a better po-\nsition than the originating agency to assess whether the record is exempt from disclosure, or \n(iii) The originating agency is not \nsubject to the Act. \nThe Department has primary interest \nin a record if it was developed or pre-pared pursuant to Department regula-tions, directives or request. \n(2) In accordance with Execuctive \nOrder 12356, a request for documents that were classified by another agency shall be referred to that agency. \n(d) Consultation with submitters of com-\nmercial and financial information. (1) If a \nrequest seeks a record containing trade secrets or commercial or financial in-formation submitted by a person out-side of the Federal government, the bu-reau processing the request shall pro-vide the submitter with notice of the request whenever — \n(i) The submitter has made a good \nfaith designation of the information as commercially or financially sensitive, or \n(ii) The bureau has reason to believe \nthat disclosure of the information may result in commercial or financial in-jury to the submitter. \nWhere notification of a voluminous \nnumber of submitters is required, such notification may be accomplished by posting or publishing the notice in a place reasonably calculated to accom-\nplish notification. \n(2) The notice to the submitter shall \nafford the submitter a reasonable pe-riod within which to provide a detailed statement of any objection to disclo-sure. The submitter ’s statement shall \nexplain the basis on which the informa-tion is claimed to be exempt under the FOIA, including a specification of any claim of competitive or other business harm that would result from disclo-\nsure. The statement shall also include a certification that the information is confidential, has not been disclosed to the public by the submitter, and is not routinely available to the public from other sources. \n(3) If a submitter ’s statement cannot \nbe obtained within the time limit for processing the request under §2.17, the \nrequester shall be notified of the delay as provided in §2.17(f). \n(4) Notification to a submitter is not \nrequired if: \n(i) The bureau determines, prior to \ngiving notice, that the request for the record should be denied; \n(ii) The information has previously \nbeen lawfully published or officially made available to the public; \n(iii) Disclosure is required by a stat-\nute (other than the FOIA) or regula-tion (other than this subpart); \n(iv) Disclosure is clearly prohibited \nby a statute, as described in §2.13(c)(3); \n(v) The information was not des-\nignated by the submitter as confiden-tial when it was submitted, or a rea-sonable time thereafter, if the sub-mitter was specifically afforded an op-portunity to make such a designation; however, a submitter will be notified of a request for information that was not designated as confidential at the time of submission, or a reasonable time thereafter, if there is substantial rea-son to believe that disclosure of the in-formation would result in competitive harm. \n(vi) The designation of confiden-\ntiality made by the submitter is obvi-ously frivolous; or \n(vii) The information was submitted \nto the Department more than 10 years prior to the date of the request, unless the bureau has reason to believe that it continues to be confidential.\nVerDate 0ct<31>2002 04:19 Nov 23, 2002 Jkt 197172 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\197172T.XXX 197172T 13Office of the Secretary, Interior §2.17\n(5) If a requester brings suit to com-\npel disclosure of information, the sub-mitter of the information will be promptly notified.\n§2.16 Action on initial requests. \n(a) Authority. (1) Requests to field in-\nstallations shall be decided by the head of the installation or by such higher authority as the head of the bureau may designate in writing. \n(2) Requests to the headquarters of a \nbureau shall be decided only by the head of the bureau or an official whom the head of the bureau has in writing designated. \n(3) Requests to the Office of the Sec-\nretary may be decided by the Director of Administrative Services, an Assist-ant Secretary or Assistant Secretary ’s \ndesignee, and any official whom the Secretary has in writing designated. \n(4) A decision to withhold a requested \nrecord, to release a record that is ex-empt from disclosure, or to deny a fee waiver shall be made only after con-sultation with the office of the appro-priate associate, regional, or field so-licitor. \n(b) Form of grant. (1) When a re-\nquested record has been determined to be available, the official processing the request shall notify the requester as to when and where the record is available for inspection or, as the case may be, when and how copies will be provided. If fees are due, the official shall state the amount of fees due and the proce-dures for payment, as described in §2.20. \n(2) If a requested record (or portion \nthereof) is being made available over the objections of a submitter made in accordance with §2.15(d), both the re-\nquester and the submitter shall be no-tified of the decision. The notice to the submitter (a copy of which shall be made available to the requester) shall be forwarded a reasonable number of days prior to the date on which disclo-sure is to be made and shall include: \n(i) A statement of the reasons why \nthe submitter ’s objections were not \nsustained; \n(ii) A specification of the portions of \nthe record to be disclosed, if the sub-mitter ’s objections were sustained in \npart; and \n(iii) A specified disclosure date. (3) If a claim of confidentiality has \nbeen found frivolous in accordance with §2.15(d)(4)(vi) and a determination \nis made to release the information without consultation with the sub-mitter, the submitter of the informa-tion shall be notified of the decision and the reasons therefor a reasonable number of days prior to the date on which disclosure is to be made. \n(c) Form of denial. (1) A decision with-\nholding a requested record shall be in writing and shall include: \n(i) A reference to the specific exemp-\ntion or exemptions authorizing the withholding; \n(ii) If neither a statute or an Execu-\ntive order requires withholding, the sound ground for withholding; \n(iii) A listing of the names and titles \nor positions of each person responsible for the denial; and \n(iv) A statement that the denial may \nbe appealed to the Assistant Sec-retary —Policy, Budget and Adminis-\ntration and a description of the proce-dures in §2.18 for appeal. \n(2) A decision denying a request for \nfailure to reasonably describe re-quested records or for other procedural deficiency or because requested records cannot be located shall be in writing and shall include: \n(i) A description of the basis of the \ndecision; \n(ii) A list of the names and titles or \npositions of each person responsible; and \n(iii) A statement that the matter \nmay be appealed to the Assistant Sec-retary —Policy, Budget and Adminis-\ntration and a description of the proce-dures in §2.18 for appeal.\n§2.17 Time limits for processing initial \nrequests. \n(a) Basic limit. Requests for records \nshall be processed promptly. A deter-mination whether to grant or deny a request shall be made within no more than 10 working days after receipt of a request. This determination shall be communicated immediately to the re-quester. \n(b) Running of basic time limit. (1) The \n10 working day time limit begins to run when a request meeting the re-quirements of §2.14(b) is received at a\nVerDate 0ct<31>2002 04:19 Nov 23, 2002 Jkt 197172 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\\SGML\\197172T.XXX 197172T"
} |