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Shigella spp. are the leading bacterial cause of severe childhood diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are increasingly antimicrobial resistant and have no widely available licenced vaccine. We performed genomic analyses of 1,246 systematically collected shigellae sampled from seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia as part of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) between 2007 and 2011, to inform control and identify factors that could limit the effectiveness of current approaches. Through contemporaneous comparison among major subgroups, we found that S. sonnei contributes ≥6-fold more disease than other Shigella species relative to its genomic diversity, and highlight existing diversity and adaptative capacity among S. flexneri that may generate vaccine escape variants in <6 months. Furthermore, we show convergent evolution of resistance against ciprofloxacin, the current WHO-recommended antimicrobial for the treatment of shigellosis, among Shigella isolates. This demonstrates the urgent need to integrate existing genomic diversity into vaccine and treatment plans for Shigella, providing a framework for the focused application of comparative genomics to guide vaccine development, and the optimization of control and prevention strategies for other pathogens relevant to public health policy considerations.
Funding Information: We thank the members of Baker group and Lab H at the University of Liverpool, and R. Bacigalupe at KU Leuven for invaluable discussions; J. Hinton and B. P. Sepulveda for orchestrating the thermolysate shipping; S. Haldenby, M. Gemmell, R. Gregory and the Centre for Genomics Research, University of Liverpool for technical support; Dr I. Kasumba, J. Jones, S. Sen and J.-P.-Booth for preparing GEMS Shigella isolates for sequencing and antimicrobial testing. This work was supported by a UKRI MRC NIRG award (MR/R020787/1, KSB), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (U19AI110820, DR), and by both a Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) data and resources grant (BBS/OS/GC/000009D, NH) and the BBSRC Core Capability Grant to the Earlham Institute (BB/CCG1720/1, NH). Next-generation sequencing and library construction were delivered via the BBSRC National Capability in Genomics and Single Cell (BB/CCG1720/1, NH) at Earlham Institute, by members of the Genomics Pipelines Group. K.S.B. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Career Development Award (106690/A/14/Z) and an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard award (SBF002/1114), and is affiliated with the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections at the University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE) and in collaboration with the University of Warwick. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care or Public Health England.
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Off-grid projects with battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are revolutionizing the energy landscape, providing reliable power solutions in remote locations while promoting sustainability. Off-grid BESS technology is beginning to grow in demand, as it offers a plethora of benefits to customers seeking energy independence through its role in managing power supply and demand.
In remote locations with limited grid access, maintaining a stable power output becomes challenging due to the unpredictable nature of renewable energy generation. This is where the BESS shines, effectively managing energy supply and demand. BESS solutions help to ensure reliable and stable power output, and play a crucial role in maintaining the flow of energy in off-grid applications.
In general, there are several BESS-centered applications for remote areas. It could be split into pure off-grid and on-and-off grid situations. If the area has no grid coverage at all, the BESS is used in a pure off-grid situation. There are two main solutions for this scenario.
The first scenario would be using a BESS to optimize the efficiency of traditional power generators. For example, diesel generators have relatively low efficiency, typically ranging from 30% to 40%, and can even reach about 10% under partial load. By combining a BESS with traditional generators, the generators can run at the best point of power performance while charging the batteries to improve their efficiency. When full-capacity output is not needed, the BESS can take over the power supply, avoiding the inefficient operation of the generators at low loads, thus saving energy and reducing carbon emissions.
The second scenario would be integrating a BESS with renewable energy generation and diesel generators as backup. In areas that are abundant in renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, a BESS can be combined with renewable energy generation (such as solar photovoltaic, wind power, etc.) to prioritize the use of renewable energy. Excess energy generated by renewables can be used to charge the BESS, and diesel generators can serve as backup power sources to be used when the combination of the BESS plus renewable energy is insufficient or during emergencies. In some regions with abundant solar energy, traditional generators can be completely out of the picture.
If the area still has grid coverage but with an unstable grid situation, the above two solutions can serve as supplements to the grid or complete replacements. When used as grid supplements, the grid’s output remains the main power source, making it an on-and-off grid application.
Successful off-grid BESS technology optimizes fuel consumption and maintenance, seamlessly integrating renewable energy sources for uninterrupted, quiet, and cost-effective electricity year-round. It is essential to consider factors like energy management, system sizing, the state-of-charge (SoC), fault detection, and monitoring aspects to ensure the proper maintenance and care of an off-grid operation.
Due to the advanced power electronics embarked on the PCS (Power Conversion System) construction, the BESS is very helpful to correct the power factor of the circuit, with this feature being used in on-grid applications and isolated systems. Another advanced feature of the BESS is the fast response when the system has spinning machines, such as generators. The BESS is ready to respond when a “step” variation in load demand happens, correcting the frequency and/or the voltage level of the circuit in a fraction of a second.
TROES is an energy storage company that specializes in off-grid technology centered around BESSs. The company provides comprehensive solutions with safety certifications and optimization processes for customers. TROES has successfully completed various off-grid projects in Canada, the U.S., and the Caribbean, incorporating a range of key technologies. These technologies include propane operation optimization integrated with BESSs, diesel, BESS and solar integrated operation, hydrogen fuel cell optimization integrated with BESSs, and more.
Developed by utilizing optimized operation algorithms to minimize fuel consumption, balancing battery system longevity and efficiency while reducing fuel and maintenance costs, generator back-feed prevention technology, autonomous operation software, unmanned monitoring, and automatic operation, the technology developed by TROES remains cutting-edge and innovative. By efficiently managing energy supply and demand, preserving battery life, and enhancing user experience, TROES offers reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly off-grid microgrid solutions.
As the demand for energy independence continues to soar, companies like TROES lead the way in delivering advanced technology that optimizes power generation, reduces costs, and promotes sustainability. Embracing off-grid BESS technology unlocks the potential of remote locations, fostering resilience and paving the way toward a cleaner energy future.
To learn more about TROES’ off-grid technologies, visit: https://troescorp.com/off-grid-technologies/.
—This article was contributed to POWER by TROES. | 998 | [
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These are multidisciplinary service involving gynecologists, dermatologists and genito-urinary medicine specialists to provide comprehensive care in one stop clinics.
You may be seen by one or more consultants during your visit depending on your symptoms. Biopsies may be carried out if required and clinical photographs taken for your medical records to monitor progress. | 69 | [
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Market Research Qualitative – Is the process of collecting and analysing people's feelings and opinions in detail
The easiest way to remember qualitative is to realise that the word quality is nearly the word qualitative.
QUALITATIVE = QUALITY
And to spell either quantitative or qualitative, drop the y in both.
And because we already know what market research is, qualitative market research is:
Collecting quality information that is detailed, such as people's feelings and opinions.
This qualitative market research might have been found by carrying out primary or secondary market research.
Qualitative research is carried out using focus groups, interviews and in-depth questionnaires and can be used in business to develop a full picture of consumer thought on a product, service, or brand.
Some of the characteristics of qualitative market research include:
- Small sample size – Qualitative research typically involves taking time to gather in-depth information from a relatively small sample of people who have been highly targeted based on their demographic make-up.
- Open ended questions – Questions asked to those being interviewed are kept open-ended with unlimited possible answers. This helps to obtain the true feelings of the interviewee.
- Interpretive analysis – It is up to those conducting the research to draw their own conclusions based on information they’ve gathered. It may not be clearly evident as in the case of quantitative research data.
An example of where qualitative market research may be used is if a movie studio is developing a movie and would like to gauge the proposed target demographic’s response to the ideas. Say the movie is a coming-of-age teen comedy, it is likely that a focus group would be assembled made up of 8-10 teenagers from different backgrounds, both males and females. Ideas or footage could be presented to them and then questions asked to prompt discussion which would then be recorded for future reference and review. It’s important to know your target audience’s thoughts and take action on their opinions, as it’s their interest in the product that success rests upon.
The toy company Lego realised from quantitative market research that their product mostly sold to boys. They then conducted qualitative primary market research interviewing 3000 girls and their parents to understand their playing habits and opinions. Lego launched a product group called Friends primarily targeted at girls in 2012. They introduced miniature Lego dolls in suburban life settings of an imaginary city. The launch of Lego Friends has been one of Lego’s biggest successes. | 504 | [
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RYAN Broom proved to be Albion's substitute goal hero was a stoppage time equaliser to edge the Brewers another point closer to League One safety sliding in to net his first Brewers goal.
It had looked to heading for a frustrating afternoon for Albion who had watched Argyle keeper Mike Cooper have an inspired game, particularly in the first half, but when the keeper could only parry Kane Hemmings' angled drive there was nothing he could do as Broom raced in to cancel out Argyle's opener, a finely taken lobbed effort from Ryan Hardie with just over twenty minutes remaining.
Following the impressive second half performance at Doncaster on Tuesday there were two changes for the visit of Argyle ina lunchtime kick-off at the Pirelli. Danny Rowe and Kane Hemmings were asked to pick up where they left off as Joe Powell and Mike Fondop dropped to the bench. Terry Taylor, also impressive from the bench against Rovers was unable to displace Sean Clare from the starting eleven.
In a lively start to the game Argyle wasted a good chance to grab an early lead with a first minute free kick that curled harmlessly wide of Ben Garratt's goal whilst Rowe showed plenty of early intent, jinking past several challenges to set up Hemmings for an early strike that was pounced on by Mike Cooper in the Plymouth goal.
Tom Hamer twice went close to adding to his strike from Tuesday night, Cooper getting a vital touch to a low drivHAen effort before the full back almost finished the job from the resulting corner, rising high at the back post to head back across goal and just wide.
And Hayden Carter was also close, Cooper leaping well to his left to grab the ball as Carter sent a header towards goal from John Brayford's header.
Plymouth looked lively when they broke forward and Niall Ennis, the former Albion loanee, broke through on goal but Garratt had advanced to the edge of his box to smother the effort before Ennis could really get his shot away.
Cooper again had to show his agility on the quarter of an hour mark as a Rowe corner picked out Brayford and his header was goalbound until the keeper threw up a hand to turn it over the bar.
Plymouth went close themselves on 21 minutes, Danny Mayor closed down sufficiently on the edge of the box that his attempt was deflected away for only a corner.
Cooper was having an inspired afternoon and the visitors had him to thank again when Clare thwarted Argyle's attempts to play out from the back allowing Hemmings to set up and unmarked Ryan Edwards only for the keeper to spread himself superbly.
A set piece opportunity presented itself on 27 minutes when Hemmings was bundled over and this time Clare rolled it to Rowe, playing the Joe Powell role, to hit a low shot that was deflected by the wall taking it away from Hemmings looking to pounce in the six yard box.
Ennis was denied again when Carter's header back to Garratt fell short allowing the striker to nip in but a combination of Garratt and Carter eventually snuffed out the threat.
Hemmings pounced on some ponderous defending from the visitors on 39 minutes but could only fire wide from 20 yards out with a first time effort.
Half time: Burton Albion 0-0 Plymouth Argyle
Albion's long throw weapon almost bore fruit early in the second half when Hamer launched the ball in, Michael Bostwick helped it on and Brayford hooked the ball over his shoulder and narrowly wide.
Carter also flashed a header at goal from a corner but this time it was a more comfortable save for Cooper.
Rowe, still striving for fitness after his injury setback lasted until the 65th minutes when he was replaced by Joe Powell and the midfielder was quickly involved with a cross hacked away for a corner and the resulting set piece that was met by Brayford at the back post.
For all the flowing play that both sides had tried to create the goal, when it came, was remarkably direct. A long ball out from the back found HARDIE and he speculatively lobbed the ball over the advancing Garratt from the edge of the box.
Albion rang the changes with Taylor replacing Clare and Fondop and Ryan Broom thrown on late on in place of Akins and Edwards as the Brewers looked to force an equaliser.
But much as the changes got Albion on the front foot and pressing in the latter stages it was the visitors who looked to be holding out for a first ever win at the Pirelli until BROOM slid in to poke home to prove that Albion's never-say-die spirit is alive and well.
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There are total 4 letters in Alto, Starting with A and ending with O.
Alto is a scrabble word? Yes (4 Points) Alto has worth 4 Scrabble points. Each letter point as below.
Definition of the word Alto, Meaning of Alto word :
n. - Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counter-tenor, voices, now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies the tenor.
An Anagram is collection of word or phrase made out by rearranging the letters of the word. All Anagram words must be valid and actual words.
Browse more words to see how anagram are made out of given word.
In Alto A is 1st, L is 12th, T is 20th, O is 15th letters in Alphabet Series.
Copyright © Word Creation 2017. All Rights Reserved | 201 | [
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Larry Robbins’ Glenview Capital Management delivers attractive absolute returns through fundamental research and individual security selection. In this series, we’ll discuss some of the notable positions it traded during the second quarter. The positions were disclosed in the fund’s 13F.
The size of the portfolio increased from $15.2 billion in 1Q14 to $17.2 billion last quarter.
The hedge fund bought new positions in National Oilwell Varco (NOV), Cadence Design Systems (CDNS), and Brookdale Senior Living (BKD). The fund raised positions in VCA Inc. (WOOF) and Flextronics International (FLEX). | 139 | [
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The problem is, being the 2nd best in NA is often times better than being the 8th best in EU, because of the way tournament invites tend to work. For most big events, NA is given 2 invites, while EU might be limited to 6, for an 8 man event or even 5 if the event wants Renegades or ex-Keyd.
Also for leagues like CEVO or ESEA, only the top 4 teams from EU get invited to the LAN, while the top 4 NA teams get invited as well. Now a team like CLG is likely to earn more prize money, since their competing at more events, than a team like Mouz, despite Mouz being a Top 8 team. Also, CLG is likely to earn more of a salary, because their at more events, giving their sponsors more publicity, which will make the organization want to keep the player, thus causing the spike in salary.
Now while a team like CLG will never really have a chance at winning an event, they will be at more events, can make more in prize money, make more in salary. All of which can be more important to a player, than winning an event. | 245 | [
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The Clean Air Act of 1963 was the first federal law about air pollution control which approved research about methods to reduce air pollution as well as federal programs to confront the issue. It was expanded by the Nixon administration in 1970 and established that:
- National Ambient Air Quality Standards are meant to protect the environment and human health
- The EPA’s New Source Performance Standards must be used to figure out pollution allotments for each industry
- The auto industry must cut emissions by 90%
- States are encouraged to plan to meet CAA standards and have the plans approved by the EPA
The Clean Air Act was amended twice, 1987 and 1990. | 131 | [
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I love visiting New York City and getting lost. I have a horrible sense of direction. I cannot describe to you just how bad it is and how frustrating it can be at times. That being said, when I’m not on anyone’s time but my own and in an interesting place like Manhattan, it can be kind of nice. I usually end up finding something new. I used to visit New York and get lost once or twice a year, but more and more people I cared about kept moving there and making it harder to take time for myself and do tourist stuff. Last week I decided to take a trip for me and here’s what happened.
| 138 | [
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Reinstalling FM Server 11 on Mac OS 10.8.5
We're still running a Filemaker Server 11 on Mac OS 10.8.5 (It's not supported on Mavericks or later). While I keep the databases backed up nightly I didn't back up the installation itself. Anyway, the Java installation on that machine either updated / crippled itself or I updated it accidentally. Now the admin console app won't launch. I tried to reinstall the Java 6 SE runtime from Apple's Java 2015-001 release but I can't get it to work no matter what I try. I even tried a clean 10.8.5 install and a reinstall of FM Server 11 but it doesn't have Java built in- it kicks you to Apple's software update which kicks you to Oracle to download Java 8. Can anyone tell me how to successfully reinstall FM Server 11 on Mac OS 10.8.x? I've read all the knowledgebase articles and forum posts on Filemaker's website but none of their tips seem to help. | 212 | [
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pairings, opening ceremony, and photos
The opening ceremony and drawing of colors of the II Magistral Ciudad de Asunción, Copa Roggio, took place at La Pergola in Asuncion. In the presence of the representative of the Minister of Sports Justo López, Arq. Víctor Salinas, Arq. Juan Carlos Buzó, and Ing. Julio Ingolotti (President, Vice President, and General Secretary of the Paraguay Chess Federation), the director of La Pergola Mr. Oscar Franco officially opened the tournament.
Official site / Preview / Photo gallery
The pairings for round 1 of the event that starts on June 28 are:
Group A
GM Reinaldo Vera vs. FM Max Cornejo
GM Andrés Rodríguez vs. IM Guillermo Soppe
GM Oswaldo Zambrana vs. IM Luis Coelho
GM Axel Bachmann vs. IM José Cubas
FM Luismar Brito vs. IM Carolina Luján
Group B
FM Ricardo Kropff vs. IM Cristóbal Valiente
Cristhian Oddone vs. Allan Gattass
Willyam Espinoza Palomino vs. IM MI Guillermo Malbrán
FM Eduardo Peralta vs. FM Jorge Sosa Harrison
FM Ángel Hernández vs. IM Luis Sieiro
All information provided to Chessdom.com by GM Zenon Franco, photos by Julio Ingolotti, General Secretary of the Paraguay Chess Federation.
| 333 | [
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Procrastinators take note: The deadline is fast approaching to get those gifts in the mail to arrive by Christmas Eve.
Virginia’s Commonwealth Transportation Board has approved a plan that weighs the possibility of tolls to address some of the issues that affect Interstate 81.
Delivery companies are warning shoppers to send holiday gifts and make online purchases within the next 10 days as a record number of packages are expected to be delivered.
Freight forwarder BDP International has selected Greenbriar Equity Group, a New York-based investment firm, as its first strategic equity partner, according to a statement issued by the company Dec. 6.
Worldwide delivery service DHL is deploying artificial intelligence, self-driving vehicles and product-picking robots at its warehouses in North America to help handle the surge in e-commerce demand.
Swiss freight forwarder Kuehne + Nagel International AG has purchased Quick International Courier, a leading provider of time-critical transportation services, from The Jordan Co., an investment firm that has been on a logistics buying spree over the past couple of years.
Area shoppers will want to purchase their holiday gifts earlier this year, as a major jump in online holiday shopping could complicate the delivery system.
DHL has opened a $12 million, 39,000-square-foot service center facility in Sunnyvale, Calif., a move the company said it made to serve shipping needs of the region’s startups and global technology companies.
The Transport Topics Top 50 Global Freight Carriers is a listing of the largest package, truck, rail, air and ocean carriers in the world.
Global warehouse operator Americold reported net income of $24.5 million, or 17 cents a share, in the third quarter, compared with a net loss of $11.9 million, or 17 cents a share, in the same period a year ago. Revenue increased 3.2% to $402 million in 2018 from $389.5 million in 2017. | 404 | [
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For most organisations, security in Papua New Guinea needs to be able to address not only the ever-present risks, but also the complexities of a multitude of different customs.
Every day Anitua Security works with people from different clans who have different customs and beliefs. Our team includes specialist Human Resources and Industrial Relations people who deal with both customary law and the law of Papua New Guinea.
This combined with our strengths of local experience, highly trained staff and strong management, makes Anitua Security a perfect partner for your organisation with the ability to provide complete end-to-end solutions.
The safety of your staff, assets and customers is Anitua Security Services' number one priority. Safety is in everything we do. You'll find it in the way we act, the way we talk and the way we think.
| 168 | [
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Architecture, the artwork and science of creating and constructing properties, has been an integral part of human civilization for centuries. From historic wonders to contemporary skyscrapers, the area of architecture has evolved, showcasing a rich tapestry of designs, techniques, and improvements that keep on to form the way we dwell and interact with our environment.
One of the key factors that determine architecture is its ability to blend operation with aesthetic appeal. Architects, usually regarded as as artists in their very own appropriate, embark on a journey to generate constructions that not only provide a goal but also captivate the human eye. The seamless integration of sort and function is apparent in legendary landmarks these kinds of as the Taj Mahal, the Eiffel Tower, and the Sydney Opera Residence, each telling a unique story through its style.
In the contemporary era, architecture is not only about making visually putting structures but also about sustainability and adaptability. NEA submission The thrust for eco-friendly and strength-successful buildings has become a driving pressure in the architectural entire world. Concepts these kinds of as eco-friendly roofs, solar panels, and recycled materials are now typical aspects in architectural designs, showcasing a motivation to a far more sustainable and environmentally aware future.
Furthermore, the electronic age has ushered in a new period of prospects in architecture. Sophisticated systems like 3D printing, digital actuality, and synthetic intelligence are reshaping the way architects conceptualize and deliver their styles to life. These equipment not only enhance the precision and effectiveness of the style method but also open doors to unparalleled creative imagination and innovation.
A single of the key elements that determine architecture is its capacity to mix functionality with aesthetic appeal. Architects, typically regarded as as artists in their own right, embark on a journey to generate buildings that not only serve a function but also captivate the human eye. The seamless integration of kind and perform is evident in legendary landmarks this sort of as the Taj Mahal, the Eiffel Tower, and the Sydney Opera Property, every telling a distinctive tale via its design.
In the up to date era, architecture is not only about generating visually striking constructions but also about sustainability and adaptability. The drive for eco-helpful and energy-efficient buildings has turn into a driving force in the architectural entire world. Principles this kind of as eco-friendly roofs, photo voltaic panels, and recycled resources are now typical aspects in architectural styles, showcasing a commitment to a much more sustainable and environmentally acutely aware long term.
As we carry on to progress into the 21st century, the globe of architecture stays a dynamic and ever-evolving landscape. From the historic wonders that stand as a testomony to human ingenuity to the chopping-edge styles that push the boundaries of what is achievable, architecture carries on to be a reflection of our tradition, values, and aspirations. It is an art type that stands the examination of time, leaving an indelible mark on the earlier, existing, and long term of our developed setting. | 616 | [
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] |
PETS ARE MORE FUN THAN SCHOOL WORK
Most kids will agree – pets are more fun than school work. However, school work is something that needs to get done (especially if you are a homeschooling mom). Bring a fuzzy twist to your homeschool curriculum or at home supplemental academics and incorporate your family pet (or the possibility of getting one) into these fun pet related academic activities.
Disclosure: This post was written by a member of the Trigger Sisters’ team – founders of Times Tales, Pet Math and the Kids Chore Chart.
Units of Measurement
Walking the Dog
This is a great activity if you have a dog that needs to get walked each day. If you don’t have a dog, but are considering getting one, this can be a great incentive activity for kids to do before adopting that furry family member.
- Choose a path to walk the dog each day and determine how long the path is in miles (1/4 mile, ½ mile, 1 mile, etc.).
- Each day, have the children walk the dog on the same path. Pick a different unit of measure each day (feet, yards, inches, meters, centimeters) and have the children convert the distance of the walk to the specified unit of measure.
- Have the children record the walks and measurement conversions in a journal.
- Choose a different path each week (or each month) with a different walking distance.
- Repeat the process of walking the dog on the same path and converting the distance to a specified unit of measure each day.
Pets need to eat and incorporating your children into feeding time is a great way to work in some lessons on measurement.
- Explain to your children how much food your pet is fed at each feeding (1 cup, 2 cups, etc.).
- Create 5 slips of paper marked ¼ cup, 1/3 cup, ½ cup, 2/3 cup and ¾ cup.
- Make sure you have a corresponding measuring cup for each slip of paper.
- Each day, have your children select a slip of paper and read the measurement listed on it.
- The children then need to use the corresponding measuring cup to measure the correct amount of food for the pet’s feeding. For example, if the pet is fed 1 cup at each feeding, and the children select the ¼ cup that day, they will need to give the pet four scoops of pet food with the ¼ cup measuring cup.
- Have the children record the activity in a journal.
Everyone loves a good book – including your pet! Add pet story time to your daily routine and watch your child’s interest in reading blossom. This is a great independent activity that children can do on their own (yay!).
- Have each child select a book to read alone to your pet.
- Encourage your children to show pictures and use expression while reading to make the story interesting.
- For children who can’t read independently yet, have them choose a picture book and make up and tell a story to their pet as they look at the pictures.
- If you don’t have a pet yet, but have decided to get one, have the children read to a stuffed animal and use this activity as an incentive toward showing readiness for a pet.
The Book Tail
The Book Tail is an activity that can be used as an incentive for kids who don’t have a pet (but you have decided to get one) or for kids who may have a second pet on the horizon (or just for fun!). Your children will have a new passion for reading knowing that each book is getting them closer to that new furry family member!
- Have your children create a picture of their dream pet on a piece of poster board or cardstock. Encourage them to include a lot of detail but to leave off the tail.
- Determine a number of books that need to read before a new pet arrives (only do this if you are truly planning to get a new pet).
- For each book that the children read, have them attach a paper chain link with the name of the book written on it to the tail.
- Before a new pet can join the family, the tail must be complete with the number of links you specified.
Skip counting is a great activity to help children develop an understanding of the number patterns that lead to multiplication. Instead of just reciting the numbers, it is always more fun to have something to skip count to – especially when it involves your pet. Dogs and cats need to be brushed regularly. Make this chore an academic activity by incorporating skip counting into the brushing process.
- Determine how many brush strokes your pet should get with each brushing.
- Have your child create a chart showing how many brush strokes they would need if they were skip counting by 2’s, 3’s, 5’s or 10’s. For example, if the pet needs 20 brush strokes, the chart will look something like this:
- Each time the child brushes the pet, tell them what number you want them to skip count to. They can check the chart to determine how high they need to count to ensure their pet gets the right number of brush strokes and then put an X mark in the corresponding column.
Pet Math is a workbook designed for kids in grades 3 – 5 that incorporates real life scenarios of owning at pet into mathematical situations. Each lesson offers the student a different day-to-day scenario in which math can be applied to calculate the cost of various pet related activities such as the cost of dog food, grooming and veterinarian bills.
The Pet Math workbook is 44 pages with 31 pet-related math lessons and it includes 3 fictional pet business pamphlets that are used throughout the workbook.
Kids LOVE this workbook, and it covers critical math skills such as:
- Area & Perimeter
- Data Analysis
- Story Problems
- Charts & Graphs
- Greater Than / Less Than
Pet Math also covers real-life applications such as:
- Money Computation
- Check Writing
- Budgeting Money
- Discount Shopping
- Price Comparison
- Shopping Online
- Critical Thinking
Pet Math is so fun that kids actually forget they are doing math! If you are planning to get a pet, this is another great incentive to add to the list of “must-dos” for your children to prove their readiness for caring for a pet.
Academics can be fun and can incorporate things kids love, such as pets! A little creativity can get your children onboard with the learning process. Additionally, as an added bonus, you can cross some of the pet chores off your to-do list!
Have you involved your pet in getting your kids to read or do math? Share your experience in the comments. | 1,416 | [
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Care for You is a song by American R&B group 112. It was released in 2000 as the second single from their third album, Part III. The song peaked at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number four on the UK Singles Chart.
The song is about two people who are in love and care for each other deeply. They are willing to do anything for each other and are always there for each other.
The song is about a girl who is down on herself and wondering if she is good enough. She is questioning why she should even try, when it seems like everyone is against her. The song is empowering and encourages the listener to never give up on themselves.
The song is about a relationship that is falling apart and the person doesn’t care anymore. They are fed up with all the fighting and arguing and just want it to be over.
The song is about a relationship that is on the rocks. The person singing does not seem to care about the state of the relationship, and is more focused on themselves.
The song is about a love that will never die, and how the singer will always be there for her loved one.
The song is about a young man who is trying to figure out what he wants to do with his life. He is torn between becoming a rapper or a doctor. He eventually decides to become a doctor, but his friends convince him to stay in the rap game.
The song is about the dangers of being too caring and how it can be seen as creepy. The singer warns against being too good to people as they may take advantage of your kindness.
The song is about a person who is down on their luck and doesn’t care about anything anymore. They have lost all hope and don’t see the point in trying anymore.
The song is about a relationship that is on the verge of ending. The singer is begging for her partner to be careful with her heart, because she is fragile and doesn’t want to be hurt again.
The song is about a relationship that is on the rocks. The singer is begging his lover to be careful with him, because he is fragile and doesn’t want to be hurt any more.
The song is about a person who is in love with someone who is unattainable. They are willing to do anything to be with this person, even if it means diving into 10,000 emerald pools.
The song is about a person who is struggling to care about anything. They feel like they are numb and can’t feel anything. Everything is a struggle and they just want to give up.
“Care” by Beach House is a song about the fragility of life and how we must cherish the time we have with our loved ones. The song is written in a ethereal and dreamy style, which reflects the ephemeral nature of life. The lyrics are full of imagery and metaphor, and speak to the idea that we must be careful with our hearts, as they are the most vulnerable part of us. The song is slow and haunting, with a feeling of melancholy and loss throughout.
The song is a ballad in which the speaker expresses his deep love for someone, vowing to always care for them. The lyrics are simple and direct, conveying the speaker’s deep emotions. The Beatles’ harmonies and instrumentation give the song a feeling of warmth and sincerity, making it a touching and romantic song.
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Unformatted text preview: Do NOT write on these sheets or take them with you! The next class needs them too! PHYS-1200 PHYSICS II SPRING 2006 Class 18 Activity: Intensity of Waves SOLUTION A . Suppose that waves are being emitted uniformly in all directions from a source, and the waves do not lose energy as they propagate. At a distance of 5.0 meters from the source the intensity of the waves is 0.50 W/m. 1. At what rate is the source radiating energy? That is, what is the power of the source, P s ? P s = 4 r I = 4 (5.0 m)(0.50 W/m) = 157 W 2. Find the intensity of the waves at a distance of 10.0 meters from the source. 2 1 r I , so 25 . ) m 10 ( ) m 5 ( ) m 5 ( ) m 10 ( 2 2 = = I I . Then, I (10 m) = 0.25 I (5 m) = 0.25(0.50 W/m) I (10 m) = 0.125 W/m B . Now suppose that the radiation from the source that was used in part A is confined to a small angle, so that it does not spread uniformly over the surface of a sphere. Instead, all of the radiation passes through a spot that is 1/100 times the area of the sphere....
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How are the dungeons and temples made?
So dungeons are full of rooms where you need to solve puzzles and specifically place something down or change something to move on to the next room. How did the creators of the dungeons leave each room they set up?
Obviously this could be answered as "That's just because it's a game. You're looking too deep into it", but if you had to come up with an explanation, what would you think was the case? | 97 | [
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You are right that the bump is not proportional to views/ad impressions. I am 90% sure that the bump is an incentive that quora gives us if a question gets indexed on Google on any page. Depending on which page it gets indexed, the bump is lower or higher.
Coming to you "When does Walmart open on Sunday" question... there are many questions with similar stats that get a bump. I think what's happening is these questions get ranked under and already ranked quora question on Google before 19 days are up. It's happens all the time. The related questions that you see on the right side of a question often get indexed under a question on Google.
That's where the 200 view/1 ad impression bump comes from. | 156 | [
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My client is a leading manufacturer of bespoke engineering equipment, supplying to the Offshore, Mining and Nuclear industries worldwide. Due to continued expansion they now have a requirement for a Mechanical Engineering Technician to join their team at their site in Claycross, Derbyshire. The successful candidate will carry out the assembly, testing and commissioning of equipment, as well as providing customer training on the systems and controls from an operator and maintenance perspective. Please note there may be the requirement to travel to customer sites on occasions, therefore candidates must be flexible in their approach to work.
Mechanically biased engineer with relevant engineering qualification or time served apprenticeship.
Proven experience within a maintenance/service role.
Strong background of working with hydraulics/pneumatics.
Experience and knowledge of process control; flows, pressure, temperature.
Ability to read and interpret engineering diagrams.
| 178 | [
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If your employee’s gross monthly wage is at least CHF 1,777.50 (or CHF 21,330 annually), the option of lump-sum taxation does not apply any longer. For Swiss nationals and foreigners with a C permit, the tax is then levied normally via the yearly tax return. However, in the case of foreign employees, you as employer are obliged to deduct withholding tax on the gross salary and settle it with the cantonal tax administration.
Employers must pay the same contributions to the relevant compensation office as their domestic help. For the employer, the contributions are also calculated based on the employee’s gross wage. In addition, employers also pay contributions to the family equalization fund (FAK) and administrative costs to the compensation office. Both contributions differ from canton to canton.
On the basis of the data we receive from you as an employer during registration with quitt., quitt. knows which social contributions, pension fund contributions or withholding tax are relevant to your employment relationship. These contributions are deducted as part of payroll accounting and settled with the relevant authorities at the end of the year. All pay slips are available for download in your personal customer area. | 243 | [
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Having an independent and trusted IAM provider as well as platform in place would really support Huawei during this time as it would provide the CyberSecurity Analysts with that independent assurance on who accessed their most critical information assets (equipment, networks and systems). Independent Assurance for identity and access management is a business decision executive leadership are now making to protect themselves and provide assurance during investigations and eDiscovery cases.
"Huawei during this time as it would provide the CyberSecurity Analysts with that independent assurance ..."
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Heavy Rain developer talks about player choice, difficulty, sex in games and his philosophy of development.
It's the last day of the Expo! But we're going out with a bang. Earlier today Quantic Dream's David Cage presented Heavy Rain in our first Developer Session of the afternoon, and we reported live on what he got up to. See below for the full transcript of events, including an interesting Q&A session in which the French developer discussed difficulty levels, player choice, sex in games and his experience scouting for locations in Philadelphia.
Once you're done with that, why not see what we made of the Eurogamer Expo 2009 Heavy Rain showfloor demo in our Heavy Rain hands-on preview? The game itself is due out exclusively for PlayStation 3 next year.
Hello and welcome to the Eurogamer Expo! Although if you're reading this you're probably not actually here. But you know.
Just been chatting to Eurogamer TV's Johnny Minkley. He's going to be on Radio 1 some time after 1.30pm today, chatting about TEH GAMEZ with Jo Whiley - so make sure you tune in.
He'll also be bigging up TEH EXXXPO, of course.
Also had a chat with David Cage. He's going to show us a scene from Heavy Rain today, and walk us through it with commentary.
Here's hoping it's the nightclub scene so we get to hear David say "panties" again.
The person sitting next to me has just asked if this is the sequel to Chubby Rain.
David Cage is sitting on the edge of the stage with a headset on, looking for all the world like a white French male Janet Jackson.
His stage name, of course, is Cage David. Today he's going to talk about how he had the idea for the game on Monday, hired a team of programmers on Tuesday, they were making the first level by Wednesday, and on Thursday and Friday and Saturday.
They chilled on Sunday.
The audience is in now and it's packed. Johnny's saying something to Cage David. Perhaps he's asking for a rewind.
We can just see the red fin of hair belonging go Sony PR man Hugo Busstops (possibly not his real name) at the back.
And Johnny's on the stage. "In all the four floors of gaming fun we have today, arguably the game you're about to see is causing the biggest stir." Less ladies and gentlemen, Heavy Rain. Or in the original French, Evvy Renn. Cage David all over your FACE.
The man himself is speaking now. He's describing Heavy Rain as "an interactive thriller" about four characters whose lives are intertwined by the Origami Killer.
"It's not about shooting, or driving; there's no puzzle... Each scene is really unique and totally different."
"It offers a different type of gameplay, different characters and environments, and all these scenes put together tell a story."
It's about love, emotion, who these characters are and the day to day difficulties of running a leisure centre. Maybe not the last one.
There are four main characters. First up is Norman Jayden, the profiler from the FBI. He's been called up to help the local police investigate the Origami Killer case.
Then there's Madison Paige, a young photographer who can only sleep in motels. She doesn't know why. Hasn't it occurred to her she might be a bit mental?
Scott Shelby, meanwhile, is a private detective working for the families of the victims. He's looking out for clues the police missed.
The last character is Ethan Mars, who lost one of his sons in a car accident. He feels guilty.
His second son is kidnapped by the killer and he has just four days to find him alive. Not Seven Days, Cage David?
"Enough talk, let's have a look at this scene." OK!
Looks like we're seeing a scene called Hassan's Shop. Everything will be in real-time 3D. It's starring Shelby, the private detective.
"All these actors are real people. We didn't invent them. They really exist." This guy has been in Luc Besson films, worked with Kubrick and was in The Usual Suspects.
We are indeed in a shop. Looks a bit like the Londis on Lordship Lane where they filmed the video for Kid Cudi's Day n Nite.
Shelby is looking round the shelves of the supermarket. There is amazing detail on all the products.
He's talking to the shopkeeper now. "I'd like to ask you a few questions." "My son is dead, Mr Shelby. I have nothing more to say."
"Righto. 20 Benson and Hedges then please." Maybe not the last one.
Shelby is explaining he has four days to find the kidnapped boy. "No one did anything to save my son," says the shopkeeper.
Shelby asks if the chap sells inhalers. The shopkeeper directs him to the back of the shop. He crunches over a spilled packet of crisps.
A chap in a beanie walks into the shop. He pulls out a gun - "Give me what you've got in the register." F words.
The robber hasn't seen Shelby. We can see Shelby on one half of the screen, while the other is a split-screen security camera view.
David is making Shelby creep up to a shelf and grab a bottle. He creeps down the aisle and almost knocks a pack of washing powder of the shelf, but catches it at the last minute.
Cage gives the controller a swift downward thrust and Shelby hits the robber on the head. "I hit him with the Sixaxis. This is the interface."
The shopkeeper's more willing to talk now Shelby's foiled the robber - he gives Shelby a shoebox. Inside is a piece of origami. "Maybe it will help you find the other little boy," says the man. It'll look lovely on the mantlepiece regardless.
"I had thought there was no good in this place, now I see that I was wrong," says the shopkeeper.
The scene ends - but that's just one way to play it, says Cage. "I'm going to show you how different the scene can be" by playing it again.
We're back at the point where the robber is robbing and Shelby is hiding.
This time he doesn't grab a wine bottle. He steps on some spilled crisps, the robber hears and turns on him.
Now the robber is demanding Shelby puts his effing hands up or he'll shoot. "He's rude," says Cage.
Words like "calm" and "haven't a chance" waver around Shelby's head. They're approaches the player can choose to take in conversation.
He tries reasoning with the robber by asking if he has kids. "Yes, I have a little girl." That's lucky.
Shelby says, "Look, it's not worth it. Put the gun down and walk away." The robber doesn't take kindly to his advice.
Now Shelby's telling the man to put the gun away and walk out of the store. "What do you say?"
The robber's beanie makes him look a bit like Craig David, come to think of it.
It worked! The robber is leaving. The shopkeeper thanks Shelby for his help, and it's over.
Cage explains you can discuss what happens in these scenes with your friends and compare experiences. "So playing the same scene can be done in many different ways."
"You have earned a trophy - Negotiator" appears on the screen.
We're seeing the scene again. This time Shelby picks up a frying pan. Is he going to make an omelette?
No, he's going to batter the man over the head with it, looks like.
Except he went too fast and the robber spotted him. He's turned the gun on him. Curse you, robber.
This time Shelby's going to be aggressive, says Cage. He tells the robber the cops could turn up any minute. "They'll shoot first and ask questions later." "That's American police of course," says Cage.
Shelby can choose INDULGENT, CALM or REASON as options. "I think you're making the biggest mistake of your life," he says. REASON then.
He tells the robber to drop the weapon. It's the same line we heard in the previous scene.
The robber's not biting this time though. Shelby tries to wrestle the gun off him, and an X symbol appears on screen. Looks a bit like a quick... never mind.
The scene ends. "There are really many different ways of telling the story," says Cage. "That's what's special about Heavy Rain."
He could have stayed in the back of the shop and let Hassan get killed - then he'd never have been given the shoebox. Or he could have been hit. "Dying in Heavy Rain doesn't mean it's a game over situation and you lost. If Shelby dies, he dies. You will lose his part of the story, but maybe you will get something else in exchange - maybe you will see scenes you would have missed if he was alive."
"Unlike in many other games, you never play twice the same scene."
"Even if Shelby dies here, the story moves on."
We're being shown the Ethan Mars trailer now.
We've seen this before - I think it's on EGTV, actually. Ethan is playing with his son in the garden. His son who's going to be DEAD. And the other son. Who might be DEAD. Later on. Or not.
Ethan and his surviving son look a bit miserable. Cheer up, X-Factor's on later!
GO JEDWARD. Anyway, lots of rain now. Ethan searching for his missing son in a dingy old building. Jumping out of the way of a truck.
"Everything I did, I did for love." Perhaps Bryan Adams is the Origami Killer.
Cage is talking again now. "It's quite a big game, it's very diverse, you never do the same thing twice, each scene is really unique and different."
Time for the Q&A now. "Only nice questions, OK?"
The first questioner asks how many different ways there are to play the game. "That's difficult to answer because the game is not written with ways or paths in the story." So there aren't just three ways to play the Shelby scene, for example.
"Or it's a mobile phone, you should change your ring," says Cage. It's stopped now. Phew.
"Some actions don't have consequences, they just change the scene, the characterisation but don't have dramatic consequences."
Next question: do you believe games can be considered art? Do they have the potential to be?
Cage: "OK then we start the controversial part of this presentation." Fire alarm again.
"My personal belief is there are two ways of thinking about games. You can think of games like toys or entertainment, where you want to spend some time having fun. That's fine and there's nothing wrong with that. On the other hand you can start to think about games and interactivity as an art form, at least a creative platform... In this situation the goal is not fun, it's to make you feel something, even if it's not fun." Golden Balls for the Wii made me feel something. Does that mean it's art?
"A good movie is not one where you laugh or get excited all the time, it's something that makes you go through different emotions." Is Heavy Rain art? "Honestly, I don't care... I'm just trying to do something different." He doesn't care if people call him an artist.
A question about Trophies now. "I'm not sure I want people to play the game 10 times. I know that's weird to say for a game creator, but I like the idea you play it once and you never know what would have happened if you'd played differently, because that's what life is about."
But yes, if you play all the paths you'll probably end up getting all the Trophies.
"I'm sure gamers will talk to each other and will want to replay the scene" to see all the bits. "There are some sex scenes, I'm sure everyone will want to see them." Too right.
A question about the sex scenes now: the media tends to fixate on sex in videogames. Mass Effect ref. How are you preparing to divert the media attention from the sex?
"As a game creator I have one very simple rule, everything is allowed, no limits, as long as it makes sense in the story and is not gratuitous," Sex and violence for the sake of it is "not right", says Cage.
"So Heavy Rain is so much not about sex and violence, it's about characters and emotions... Even if Fox News comes and plays the game and says it's about sex, the whole community of gamers, I'm sure, will stand up and throw stones at them. That's what I hope. I count on you guys."
I'm working on an 18-plus title. When you are 18... You won't be shocked for the rest of your life because you saw nipples." Quote of the show, no questions.
"If I was a movie director I could do pretty much anything, but being a game creator I got so many limits... Society in general thinks games are for kids... They don't get it."
"Then you start to discuss about parents don't know the ratings system, but there are porn movies on cable - if you don't pay attention to your kids, they may end up in front of a porn movie."
"Some games went way over the top in a very vulgar and stupid way and we all pay the price for that. Each time a developer wants to do something... He will be confronted by people thinking videogames are about getting prostitutes and getting a blowjob and putting a bullet in her head afterwards."
Well, some of them are about that, to be fair.
Question: What's the main thing you took from Fahrenheit?
"Do we have two, three days for the answer?"
At first publishers didn't want to know about Fahrenheit. "After that, I got some phone calls from people apologising." They said now they played Fahrenheit with their wife - a huge percentage of people played it with their wife. Weird.
"The technology has evolved... Releasing Fahrenheit was considered a miracle, internally. With Heavy Rain the situation was different, the technology was better from day one."
"In a certain way we see Fahrenheit as the prototype for Heavy Rain, and Heavy Rain is hopefully the real thing."
A question about the difficulty options now. Cage doesn't want to alienate casual or hardcore gamers. So if you're in hardcore mode, you will use the whole controller in action scenes - buttons, sticks, motion control. Depending on the difficulty level you will have less and less control, until in the very easy mode you play with just one button during action sequences.
At any point in the game you can press L2 to hear what your character currently thinks. In hardcore mode you just get the pros and cons and different possibilities, but in easy mode it will tell you want to do, because they don't want non-gamers to get dazed and confused.
"Making Heavy Rain, I didn't want to make a movie. I'm not a frustrated director..." So he never thought about a mode where you let the story play out on its own.
Question: Will there be a tutorial? And will Cage be doing it?
"Please... I got so much problems doing that I will never do it again."
He thought it would be like going to someone's house, them opening the door for you and showing you round. "Some people in the community said oh, he has this big ego, he thinks he's Hitchcock... I don't want the experience to be lost in these kinds of discussions."
"It's about emotions, it's not about David Cage."
How many scenes will there be in the finished product? "Around 70."
Why set your games in the US? "Good question... Heavy Rain has a special story about this. With Fahrenheit, the US is the setting of many thrillers, which was the genre we explored, and it was an easy entry point for gamers across the world."
Honestly I was in the process of writing Heavy Rain, which took me about a year, and I liked movies from M. Night Shyamalalanalmalanaman, which are set in the US, so I said why not?"
So he and some team members went to Philadelphia with some cameras. "What we discovered was very different from whatever we had in mind."
"I discovered the most shocking experience of my life. We took a movie scout, who worked on the movie Philadelphia, and told him we had this quite depressed story so he should take us to very depressed areas.... We wanted to see the worst part of America. He succeeded beyond our expectations."
Abandoned bridges, barbed wire, garbage in the streets, kids living in houses that were about to collapse, burning cars... "It's scary. he took us to two families... We wanted to meet people and see poor houses.
"We were in front of these very poor people and they were very happy to have people from France taking pictures of their homes, and we felt so stupid doing this."
They also went to a poor house where the daughter had just died.
"It really changed the way I wrote Heavy Rain, and you will see in the game, the environments are real... These are real people where real people lived."
"People live really across the road from factories. It's something totally insane."
Next question: You said it's an adult-orientated game, so what do you do somewhere like Australia where they have a 15 age limit? Are you prepared to make cuts?
"We haven't had this discussion yet. We have to make some cuts for certain territories, honestly they've been quite minor cuts so far."
"For Australia, at the moment as far as I know, they take the game as it is. So I don't know, but I think we need to fight a little bit for that and evangelise."
"It's really about story and emotion, not sex and violence." Disappointing.
One last question - "Hi there mate. I was quite impressed with the real-time graphics. Will what you achieved with Heavy Rain be possible on any other system?"
Cage sighs. "Whatever I answer, my answer will be suspicious... Honestly, I don't think so. I think it had to be on PS3 because of the hardware, the architecture of the PS3 is extremely powerful... If you make a real PS3 engine, then you can have fantastic performances. If you try to port from another platform it becomes difficult.
"I play PSone, PS2, it's really a part of my culture. The controller is part of my home... I'm not so much into graphics, I don't believe you need ultra realistic graphics to get emotion, but that was the idea. With this approach PS3 was by far the best platform."
"I'm surprised every day how realistic the actors look. I know them personally, and sometimes when I see them for real, they make me think they look like a videogame character."
"The second thing, honestly - I thank Sony and I will never thank them again - enough! not again, enough! - because they take risks. This is rare these days."
"They have tried very interesting new things with LittleBigPlanet, Flower - I love Flower - EyePet.... Different genres, different approaches..."
And that's it. The crowd say Bo Selecta but there's no time for a rewind.
Eurogamer's Oli Welsh is advising people to check out the later sessions. We'll be live texting Valve at 3.30, live text / Valve fans.
When the last question was asked it was hilarious in the hall as 90% of the crowd just went picard with a faceplam and sighed. David Cage is a really funny guy and very entertaining.
Will we all be able to direct the course of all this through a series of quicktime events?
Will we get other than negative comments on this game from you if we answer your questions?
Missed this, it was full by the time I got up there. I do wish Ellie wouldn't do these live texts though.
I didn't get a chance to play the game, as the person in front of me in the queue managed to crash it and I couldn't be arsed to go back and queue for another machine. However from what I saw it's really interesting and I applaud Quantic and Sony for putting time and money into a project like this.
I just read the full text of Ellie's live blog of a talk I attended, I'm going insane.
Also on topic I'm now totally sold on this game, but not really based on this talk but on the other demo level they had downstairs.
Lets talk QTEs since they're the elephant in the room. In my opinion most QTEs suck. However I'd argue that while some of these are QTEs they have a couple of vital saving graces, firstly they aren't replayable and secondly they're unique to the context of the events. Combined that means you never know what button you might need to press next and you never have to learn the sequence and repeat until you produce it perfectly because if you screw it up then the moment is gone. I played a level involving Norman Jayden that ended in an extended QTE controlled fight scene which thanks to my lack of familiarity with the PS3 control ended with Agent Jayden being beaten to death. Full stop. Crucially that was it, no second chances, no nothing. Game goes on to the next scene so there's no practising and getting these things right and being held back until you do get them right, no QTE grinding, just story that you can control in a fairly meaningful fashion.
@Dr_Strange, "If you make a real PS3 engine, then you can have fantastic performances. If you try to port from another platform it becomes difficult."
It is quite a strange statement though, considering the demo on show at the Expo continually crashed PS3's. At one point, there were 3 of the 7 demo machnes down at the same time.
Will Heavy Rain be a blockbuster?
I really don't think so (but I wish them all the best).
Will Heavy Rain be a great game?
I really hope so . I love Fahrenheit - it is one of my favorite games of all time. Is it for everyone? For sure not, and the same will be with Heavy Rain.
But I'm really glad that Sony is not trying to do "just business", but they support developing games that are "different".
Because of that I could play such games as Ico and Flower. Because of that I will be able to play - and experience - Heavy Rain.
I actually prefers game to be either available for all as multi platform and plays well on any OR takes full advantage of the platform it is going to be exclusive for.
Heavy Rains will be heavy on storage and takes full use of BD, but to say no other platform could runs its when we all know best PC today take do a lot more than PS3?!!
Uncharted 2 is the game of the year for me easy despite very slight flaw, (particularly AI where I get bumped into the NPCs a lot!). Heavy Rain I want to succeed but finds it hard to accept that the game WILL appeals to everyone.
His previous work did sells reasonably great but has a lot of haters.
However kudos to Cage for trying to do more with the medium.
"I mean if you want to make a game where the story is more important than gameplay, your writing has to be top notch and that's obviously not the case here"
This is also sadly true. Maybe it won't matter too much, but it is a worry.
I thought that was pretty good. I wasn't a huge DG fan after some of the tosh he came out with before Fahrenheit, but he seems more self aware this time around and also very aware of the barriers to making a properly adult game. Whether the gameplay turns out well or not, I am starting to think he genuinely had the gamers interests at heart and this isn't the ego trip I had previously suspected it might be.
And I'm glad he learned from the whole being in the tutorial thing though. That was tragic.
"the goal is to make you feel something, even if it's not fun".I wish he could stop talking as if silent hill2, project zero2 or call of cthulhu DCOTE didn't exist. What David Cage aspires to has already been done in other videogames, with great success and without making such a fuss.
I saw the "guy talking to his son" trailer, it was so heavy-handed, I mean if you want to make a game where the story is more important than gameplay, your writing has to be top notch and that's obviously not the case here. If you think about games dealing with the feeling of loss, once again silent hill2 was much more subtle and project zero2 was much more visceral.
My thoughts exactly, GreyBeard.
Sarcastic much Ellie?
Just under my name you'll see a link for "ignore poster" - left click.
Scenes. All this pretention is making my skin crawl.
Can you imagine how much everyone would laugh if Paul J Anderson held a Q&A session for his latest film and started talking about all the different levels you sat through across the 2 hours?
""Everything I did, I did for love." Yet more evidence of the amazing writing in this game! Movie! Movie and game!
Exactly Ghost, and since only one of the routes to get there can be the most authentic, anything else feels forced and doesn't make the most narrative sense.
Would you ever, ever be able to convince a crazed robber that it isn't worth holding up a store? No.
This is why playing a linear story under the illusion of interaction will always work better.
"and the day to day difficulties of running a leisure centre"
Big up for the Day Today reference! Now work in a gag about the Bureau! | 5,583 | [
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2010,
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2010,
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1989,
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1989,
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71703,
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1989,
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1989,
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358,
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358,
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311,
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3250,
956,
2512,
422,
1274,
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459,
10255,
627,
32,
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19881,
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13,
330,
40,
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539,
2771,
358,
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1274,
311,
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279,
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2019,
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19881,
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3137,
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11,
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1962,
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2010,
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import
import os
import tensorflow as tf
import math
from dataloader.pretrained_weights.pretrain_zoo import PretrainModelZoo
"""
r3det+gwd (only refine stage) + sqrt tau=2 + data aug. + ms + res101 + 3x
FLOPs: 1486599773; Trainable params: 56709560
single scale
This is your result for task 1:
mAP: 0.7507929219725538
ap of each class:
plane:0.8959363254654953,
baseball-diamond:0.8117970905483454,
bridge:0.528941868308621,
ground-track-field:0.7036828276226571,
small-vehicle:0.7773608512825836,
large-vehicle:0.824193538909995,
ship:0.869907508286484,
tennis-court:0.8931429748331345,
basketball-court:0.8306405809724954,
storage-tank:0.8596700800149586,
soccer-ball-field:0.6406646930436465,
roundabout:0.6513733145761638,
harbor:0.6805467355307225,
swimming-pool:0.7095327160387952,
helicopter:0.5845027241542098
The submitted information is :
Description: RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223_137.7w
Username: SJTU-Det
Institute: SJTU
Emailadress: <EMAIL>
TeamMembers: yangxue
multi-scale
This is your result for task 1:
mAP: 0.7565987110400665
ap of each class:
plane:0.8964434495830199,
baseball-diamond:0.8170201102441278,
bridge:0.5252222485821921,
ground-track-field:0.729602202372266,
small-vehicle:0.7601882164495246,
large-vehicle:0.8260373681497573,
ship:0.8716819767827122,
tennis-court:0.895671606749032,
basketball-court:0.8124548266228695,
storage-tank:0.8608847379716957,
soccer-ball-field:0.6224300564022891,
roundabout:0.657426649146108,
harbor:0.6805129469115909,
swimming-pool:0.7495597236660946,
helicopter:0.6438445459677189
The submitted information is :
Description: RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223_137.7w_ms
Username: SJTU-Det
Institute: SJTU
Emailadress: <EMAIL>
TeamMembers: yangxue
multi-scale + flip
This is your result for task 1:
mAP: 0.7579683916708654
ap of each class:
plane:0.8952961695089519,
baseball-diamond:0.8194477842585369,
bridge:0.5243575576743463,
ground-track-field:0.7159062303762178,
small-vehicle:0.7522987121676139,
large-vehicle:0.8282767251249042,
ship:0.8719194994284161,
tennis-court:0.8900495351735876,
basketball-court:0.8399873550181818,
storage-tank:0.8593060497981101,
soccer-ball-field:0.6213106308173056,
roundabout:0.6531238042666215,
harbor:0.7089754248166696,
swimming-pool:0.7442537008416809,
helicopter:0.6450166957918368
The submitted information is :
Description: RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223_137.7w_ms_f
Username: SJTU-Det
Institute: SJTU
Emailadress: <EMAIL>
TeamMembers: yangxue
multi-scale + mss
This is your result for task 1:
mAP: 0.7622308686293031
ap of each class: plane:0.8956285239247809, baseball-diamond:0.8123129086084642, bridge:0.5338483720916204, ground-track-field:0.7937988239995809, small-vehicle:0.7511751772047529, large-vehicle:0.8213795039925708, ship:0.8685701145257962, tennis-court:0.888685607876141, basketball-court:0.8121412656739693, storage-tank:0.8628395323661605, soccer-ball-field:0.6536075407437665, roundabout:0.650555639430081, harbor:0.728762235286426, swimming-pool:0.7304094256459305, helicopter:0.6297483580695049
The submitted information is :
Description: RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223_137.7w_ms_mss
Username: yangxue
Institute: DetectionTeamUCAS
Emailadress: <EMAIL>
TeamMembers: yangxue, yangjirui
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SWA6 + single scale
This is your result for task 1:
mAP: 0.7536616140168031
ap of each class:
plane:0.8952691912932887,
baseball-diamond:0.820224997940994,
bridge:0.5351902682975013,
ground-track-field:0.6990760862785812,
small-vehicle:0.7768718792058928,
large-vehicle:0.8311637947866269,
ship:0.8707906667992975,
tennis-court:0.9041214885985671,
basketball-court:0.844673715234245,
storage-tank:0.8622850403351549,
soccer-ball-field:0.652075771320803,
roundabout:0.6344222159586387,
harbor:0.6796953794936931,
swimming-pool:0.7077122802895897,
helicopter:0.5913514344191727
The submitted information is :
Description: RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223_137.7w_s_swa6
Username: SJTU-Det
Institute: SJTU
Emailadress: <EMAIL>
TeamMembers: yangxue
SWA9 + single scale
mAP: 0.7541074969944405
ap of each class:
plane:0.8945929006004023,
baseball-diamond:0.8239698637790639,
bridge:0.5375054158208356,
ground-track-field:0.707263661407391,
small-vehicle:0.7784868305276835,
large-vehicle:0.8313093170826968,
ship:0.8716851894984969,
tennis-court:0.894339902291634,
basketball-court:0.8124139096196356,
storage-tank:0.8621962310027806,
soccer-ball-field:0.6560753654400574,
roundabout:0.6425826383892252,
harbor:0.6781700792445191,
swimming-pool:0.7540293197758513,
helicopter:0.5669918304363327
The submitted information is :
Description: RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223_137.7w_s_swa9
Username: SJTU-Det
Institute: SJTU
Emailadress: <EMAIL>
TeamMembers: yangxue
SWA9 + multi-scale
This is your result for task 1:
mAP: 0.7611382693726101
ap of each class:
plane:0.8965990887138806,
baseball-diamond:0.8211375961066281,
bridge:0.5274322763152262,
ground-track-field:0.7164191574732031,
small-vehicle:0.7594817184692972,
large-vehicle:0.8309449959450008,
ship:0.8697248627752349,
ennis-court:0.8927766089227556,
basketball-court:0.8504259904102585,
storage-tank:0.8616896266258318,
soccer-ball-field:0.6551601152374349,
roundabout:0.6329228740725862,
harbor:0.7218286216219233,
swimming-pool:0.748803742710907,
helicopter:0.6317267651889841
The submitted information is :
Description: RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223_137.7w_ms_swa9
Username: SJTU-Det
Institute: SJTU
Emailadress: <EMAIL>
TeamMembers: yangxue
SWA9 + multi-scale + mss
This is your result for task 1:
mAP: 0.7667344567887646
ap of each class: plane:0.8932663066411421, baseball-diamond:0.8086480184788661, bridge:0.5328287201353856, ground-track-field:0.782914642745032, small-vehicle:0.7539546562133567, large-vehicle:0.8268751115449491, ship:0.8708668707425938, tennis-court:0.8934725656178293, basketball-court:0.826406161849139, storage-tank:0.8640553822619391, soccer-ball-field:0.6984796440184639, roundabout:0.6471336736334592, harbor:0.7418605732124637, swimming-pool:0.7617818475817874, helicopter:0.5984726771550614
The submitted information is :
Description: RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223_137.7w_ms_swa9_mss
Username: liuqingiqng
Institute: Central South University
Emailadress: <EMAIL>
TeamMembers: liuqingqing
"""
# ------------------------------------------------
VERSION = 'RetinaNet_DOTA_R3Det_GWD_3x_20201223'
NET_NAME = 'resnet101_v1d' # 'MobilenetV2'
# ---------------------------------------- System
ROOT_PATH = os.path.abspath('../../')
print(20*"++--")
print(ROOT_PATH)
GPU_GROUP = "0,1,2"
NUM_GPU = len(GPU_GROUP.strip().split(','))
SHOW_TRAIN_INFO_INTE = 20
SMRY_ITER = 200
SAVE_WEIGHTS_INTE = 27000 * 3
SUMMARY_PATH = os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, 'output/summary')
TEST_SAVE_PATH = os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, 'tools/test_result')
pretrain_zoo = PretrainModelZoo()
PRETRAINED_CKPT = pretrain_zoo.pretrain_weight_path(NET_NAME, ROOT_PATH)
TRAINED_CKPT = os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, 'output/trained_weights')
EVALUATE_R_DIR = os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, 'output/evaluate_result_pickle/')
# ------------------------------------------ Train and test
RESTORE_FROM_RPN = False
FIXED_BLOCKS = 1 # allow 0~3
FREEZE_BLOCKS = [True, False, False, False, False] # for gluoncv backbone
USE_07_METRIC = True
ADD_BOX_IN_TENSORBOARD = True
MUTILPY_BIAS_GRADIENT = 2.0 # if None, will not multipy
GRADIENT_CLIPPING_BY_NORM = 10.0 # if None, will not clip
CLS_WEIGHT = 1.0
REG_WEIGHT = 2.0
BATCH_SIZE = 1
EPSILON = 1e-5
MOMENTUM = 0.9
LR = 1e-3
DECAY_STEP = [SAVE_WEIGHTS_INTE*12, SAVE_WEIGHTS_INTE*16, SAVE_WEIGHTS_INTE*20]
MAX_ITERATION = SAVE_WEIGHTS_INTE*20
WARM_SETP = int(1.0 / 4.0 * SAVE_WEIGHTS_INTE)
# -------------------------------------------- Dataset
DATASET_NAME = 'DOTA' # 'pascal', 'coco'
PIXEL_MEAN = [123.68, 116.779, 103.939] # R, G, B. In tf, channel is RGB. In openCV, channel is BGR
PIXEL_MEAN_ = [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
PIXEL_STD = [0.229, 0.224, 0.225] # R, G, B. In tf, channel is RGB. In openCV, channel is BGR
IMG_SHORT_SIDE_LEN = [800, 640, 700, 900, 1000, 1100]
IMG_MAX_LENGTH = 1100
CLASS_NUM = 15
IMG_ROTATE = True
RGB2GRAY = True
VERTICAL_FLIP = True
HORIZONTAL_FLIP = True
IMAGE_PYRAMID = True
# --------------------------------------------- Network
SUBNETS_WEIGHTS_INITIALIZER = tf.random_normal_initializer(mean=0.0, stddev=0.01, seed=None)
SUBNETS_BIAS_INITIALIZER = tf.constant_initializer(value=0.0)
PROBABILITY = 0.01
FINAL_CONV_BIAS_INITIALIZER = tf.constant_initializer(value=-math.log((1.0 - PROBABILITY) / PROBABILITY))
WEIGHT_DECAY = 1e-4
USE_GN = False
NUM_SUBNET_CONV = 4
NUM_REFINE_STAGE = 1
USE_RELU = False
FPN_CHANNEL = 256
FPN_MODE = 'fpn'
# --------------------------------------------- Anchor
LEVEL = ['P3', 'P4', 'P5', 'P6', 'P7']
BASE_ANCHOR_SIZE_LIST = [32, 64, 128, 256, 512]
ANCHOR_STRIDE = [8, 16, 32, 64, 128]
ANCHOR_SCALES = [2 ** 0, 2 ** (1.0 / 3.0), 2 ** (2.0 / 3.0)]
ANCHOR_RATIOS = [1, 1 / 2, 2., 1 / 3., 3., 5., 1 / 5.]
ANCHOR_ANGLES = [-90, -75, -60, -45, -30, -15]
ANCHOR_SCALE_FACTORS = None
USE_CENTER_OFFSET = True
METHOD = 'H'
ANGLE_RANGE = 90
# -------------------------------------------- Head
SHARE_NET = True
USE_P5 = True
IOU_POSITIVE_THRESHOLD = 0.5
IOU_NEGATIVE_THRESHOLD = 0.4
REFINE_IOU_POSITIVE_THRESHOLD = [0.6, 0.7]
REFINE_IOU_NEGATIVE_THRESHOLD = [0.5, 0.6]
NMS = True
NMS_IOU_THRESHOLD = 0.1
MAXIMUM_DETECTIONS = 100
FILTERED_SCORE = 0.05
VIS_SCORE = 0.4
# -------------------------------------------- GWD
GWD_TAU = 2.0
GWD_FUNC = tf.sqrt
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18216,
24425,
21038,
19,
345,
16568,
96128,
25,
15,
13,
24061,
21218,
13837,
15901,
27079,
21,
345,
58121,
3913,
68302,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
14033,
23888,
25298,
17776,
22642,
20,
345,
1067,
9274,
25,
15,
13,
23409,
18017,
16104,
20758,
9892,
23,
345,
13279,
9552,
25,
15,
13,
17814,
22048,
24939,
17252,
23024,
20,
345,
2332,
41133,
2320,
1786,
25,
15,
13,
22874,
20711,
23929,
24462,
25808,
17,
345,
50222,
88323,
25,
15,
13,
23816,
17824,
24735,
10559,
12652,
23,
198,
791,
14976,
2038,
374,
14852,
5116,
25,
10608,
2259,
7099,
1586,
37644,
2632,
18,
17513,
2712,
18023,
62,
18,
87,
62,
2366,
11531,
1419,
62,
10148,
13,
22,
86,
198,
11362,
25,
69323,
99682,
9607,
295,
198,
644,
7815,
25,
69323,
99682,
198,
4886,
83336,
25,
366,
37004,
397,
14939,
25370,
25,
10587,
87,
361,
271,
27364,
13230,
198,
2028,
374,
701,
1121,
369,
3465,
220,
16,
1473,
76,
2599,
25,
220,
15,
13,
24456,
21856,
22375,
12505,
23835,
20,
198,
391,
315,
1855,
538,
512,
19563,
25,
15,
13,
24542,
17147,
21125,
23493,
18089,
24,
345,
3231,
4047,
1773,
18986,
25,
15,
13,
25528,
11139,
5120,
13719,
6804,
23,
345,
14024,
25,
15,
13,
18415,
9716,
14185,
23670,
5926,
16,
345,
1993,
54566,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
22194,
20224,
2366,
17662,
15999,
345,
9181,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
19104,
9367,
12463,
21125,
21177,
21,
345,
17185,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
23038,
23587,
19057,
10161,
23776,
18,
345,
5383,
25,
15,
13,
25665,
25091,
25208,
23833,
22708,
17,
345,
2002,
26209,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
25238,
23403,
20213,
25541,
21040,
345,
60864,
4047,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
19270,
20555,
23038,
19808,
26497,
20,
345,
16568,
96128,
25,
15,
13,
18670,
25962,
22039,
25693,
24394,
22,
345,
58121,
3913,
68302,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
19808,
14245,
25921,
16496,
17212,
16,
345,
1067,
9274,
25,
15,
13,
23480,
20363,
24734,
10465,
6640,
345,
13279,
9552,
25,
15,
13,
17814,
8358,
26491,
17000,
20615,
24,
345,
2332,
41133,
2320,
1786,
25,
15,
13,
25541,
22424,
24388,
10943,
26195,
21,
345,
50222,
88323,
25,
15,
13,
22956,
24344,
20749,
27134,
21982,
24,
271,
791,
14976,
2038,
374,
14852,
5116,
25,
10608,
2259,
7099,
1586,
37644,
2632,
18,
17513,
2712,
18023,
62,
18,
87,
62,
2366,
11531,
1419,
62,
10148,
13,
22,
86,
22131,
198,
11362,
25,
69323,
99682,
9607,
295,
198,
644,
7815,
25,
69323,
99682,
198,
4886,
83336,
25,
366,
37004,
397,
14939,
25370,
25,
10587,
87,
361,
271,
27364,
13230,
489,
18791,
198,
2028,
374,
701,
1121,
369,
3465,
220,
16,
1473,
76,
2599,
25,
220,
15,
13,
23776,
23386,
19631,
21218,
24678,
19,
198,
391,
315,
1855,
538,
512,
19563,
25,
15,
13,
25238,
17408,
11739,
19869,
24989,
24,
345,
3231,
4047,
1773,
18986,
25,
15,
13,
18831,
20800,
22148,
15966,
21600,
24,
345,
14024,
25,
15,
13,
21177,
18520,
23906,
25513,
18061,
18,
345,
1993,
54566,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
22744,
22224,
9870,
18322,
13460,
23,
345,
9181,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
23644,
17690,
22708,
11515,
22922,
24,
345,
17185,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
22716,
16660,
23309,
8874,
22777,
17,
345,
5383,
25,
15,
13,
25665,
24337,
18162,
19140,
17763,
16,
345,
2002,
26209,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
21381,
25307,
20618,
11908,
22159,
21,
345,
60864,
4047,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
25465,
22207,
17306,
16745,
10562,
23,
345,
16568,
96128,
25,
15,
13,
24061,
12879,
25307,
26519,
5120,
16,
345,
58121,
3913,
68302,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
22488,
12226,
18660,
25528,
13364,
21,
345,
1067,
9274,
25,
15,
13,
21598,
4513,
20417,
15999,
22488,
20,
345,
13279,
9552,
25,
15,
13,
21295,
24609,
18517,
23713,
25289,
21,
345,
2332,
41133,
2320,
1786,
25,
15,
13,
23800,
14022,
7007,
25496,
17814,
24,
345,
50222,
88323,
25,
15,
13,
22926,
15794,
24394,
26234,
25192,
23,
271,
791,
14976,
2038,
374,
14852,
5116,
25,
10608,
2259,
7099,
1586,
37644,
2632,
18,
17513,
2712,
18023,
62,
18,
87,
62,
2366,
11531,
1419,
62,
10148,
13,
22,
86,
22131,
766,
198,
11362,
25,
69323,
99682,
9607,
295,
198,
644,
7815,
25,
69323,
99682,
198,
4886,
83336,
25,
366,
37004,
397,
14939,
25370,
25,
10587,
87,
361,
271,
27364,
13230,
489,
296,
784,
198,
2028,
374,
701,
1121,
369,
3465,
220,
16,
1473,
76,
2599,
25,
220,
15,
13,
24376,
9870,
25862,
24239,
13236,
16,
198,
391,
315,
1855,
538,
25,
11277,
25,
15,
13,
25238,
23574,
21123,
23890,
19423,
24,
11,
20075,
1773,
18986,
25,
15,
13,
19270,
13384,
23629,
19944,
21033,
17,
11,
14497,
25,
15,
13,
21876,
24951,
17662,
24443,
17416,
19,
11,
5015,
54566,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
24531,
26519,
23848,
5500,
18216,
24,
11,
2678,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
23986,
10005,
11242,
7854,
23644,
24,
11,
3544,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
23282,
19867,
17735,
22992,
18712,
23,
11,
8448,
25,
15,
13,
25862,
18712,
8011,
18415,
24832,
17,
11,
32515,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
12251,
23717,
21996,
24870,
9335,
11,
19794,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
19270,
9335,
14374,
24938,
24792,
18,
11,
5942,
96128,
25,
15,
13,
24071,
25465,
20711,
18044,
6330,
20,
11,
22963,
68302,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
21598,
21996,
17048,
26260,
25358,
20,
11,
4883,
9274,
25,
15,
13,
13655,
14148,
23079,
14245,
22534,
11,
57511,
25,
15,
13,
24054,
24376,
12422,
17361,
20363,
11,
24269,
2320,
1786,
25,
15,
13,
20785,
12378,
17837,
22926,
19306,
20,
11,
36125,
25,
15,
13,
24239,
20338,
17112,
27325,
18048,
24,
198,
791,
14976,
2038,
374,
14852,
5116,
25,
10608,
2259,
7099,
1586,
37644,
2632,
18,
17513,
2712,
18023,
62,
18,
87,
62,
2366,
11531,
1419,
62,
10148,
13,
22,
86,
22131,
722,
784,
198,
11362,
25,
10587,
87,
361,
198,
644,
7815,
25,
58453,
14939,
5576,
1950,
198,
4886,
83336,
25,
366,
37004,
397,
14939,
25370,
25,
10587,
87,
361,
11,
10587,
73,
404,
2005,
271,
3597,
29765,
17268,
32,
21,
489,
3254,
5569,
198,
2028,
374,
701,
1121,
369,
3465,
220,
16,
1473,
76,
2599,
25,
220,
15,
13,
25504,
24132,
22638,
15794,
20899,
16,
198,
391,
315,
1855,
538,
512,
19563,
25,
15,
13,
25238,
16955,
7529,
17313,
15287,
22,
345,
3231,
4047,
1773,
18986,
25,
15,
13,
18248,
10697,
22694,
21251,
22897,
345,
14024,
25,
15,
13,
20618,
7028,
16332,
18163,
14408,
18,
345,
1993,
54566,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
23459,
26247,
26956,
16949,
23864,
17,
345,
9181,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
23823,
25665,
25622,
10866,
24110,
23,
345,
17185,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
25009,
9892,
25926,
25251,
22385,
24,
345,
5383,
25,
15,
13,
22440,
22876,
10943,
23987,
18163,
20,
345,
2002,
26209,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
22777,
7994,
21310,
21856,
19282,
16,
345,
60864,
4047,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
24344,
24938,
22744,
11727,
13078,
345,
16568,
96128,
25,
15,
13,
24071,
15935,
12505,
16596,
10559,
24,
345,
58121,
3913,
68302,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
23181,
22679,
24876,
9588,
20899,
345,
1067,
9274,
25,
15,
13,
24307,
16460,
12112,
27079,
24495,
22,
345,
13279,
9552,
25,
15,
13,
25136,
24394,
19867,
22741,
25298,
16,
345,
2332,
41133,
2320,
1786,
25,
15,
13,
18770,
22708,
11209,
17212,
22905,
22,
345,
50222,
88323,
25,
15,
13,
24380,
18113,
20165,
19391,
10861,
22,
271,
791,
14976,
2038,
374,
14852,
5116,
25,
10608,
2259,
7099,
1586,
37644,
2632,
18,
17513,
2712,
18023,
62,
18,
87,
62,
2366,
11531,
1419,
62,
10148,
13,
22,
86,
646,
646,
10196,
21,
198,
11362,
25,
69323,
99682,
9607,
295,
198,
644,
7815,
25,
69323,
99682,
198,
4886,
83336,
25,
366,
37004,
397,
14939,
25370,
25,
10587,
87,
361,
271,
17268,
32,
24,
489,
3254,
5569,
198,
76,
2599,
25,
220,
15,
13,
23952,
7699,
19447,
22897,
14868,
20,
198,
391,
315,
1855,
538,
512,
19563,
25,
15,
13,
26227,
20128,
7467,
5067,
16496,
18,
345,
3231,
4047,
1773,
18986,
25,
15,
13,
23848,
24792,
26051,
25659,
24254,
24,
345,
14024,
25,
15,
13,
19038,
17786,
18136,
18248,
23424,
21,
345,
1993,
54566,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
18770,
15666,
24132,
18501,
19631,
345,
9181,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
23592,
21511,
21221,
22369,
24887,
20,
345,
17185,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
25009,
15500,
16718,
24996,
23578,
23,
345,
5383,
25,
15,
13,
25665,
23717,
9378,
21962,
19447,
24,
345,
2002,
26209,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
26227,
17887,
21026,
17335,
24307,
345,
60864,
4047,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
19270,
19288,
21278,
23388,
22276,
21,
345,
16568,
96128,
25,
15,
13,
24071,
5162,
12245,
6726,
19423,
21,
345,
58121,
3913,
68302,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
20744,
22679,
12676,
14868,
26866,
19,
345,
1067,
9274,
25,
15,
13,
22266,
23670,
24495,
20422,
11057,
17,
345,
13279,
9552,
25,
15,
13,
17458,
8258,
27407,
13719,
21851,
16,
345,
2332,
41133,
2320,
1786,
25,
15,
13,
23952,
23273,
16874,
22908,
24866,
18,
345,
50222,
88323,
25,
15,
13,
23477,
24606,
21221,
21299,
17079,
22,
271,
791,
14976,
2038,
374,
14852,
5116,
25,
10608,
2259,
7099,
1586,
37644,
2632,
18,
17513,
2712,
18023,
62,
18,
87,
62,
2366,
11531,
1419,
62,
10148,
13,
22,
86,
646,
646,
10196,
24,
198,
11362,
25,
69323,
99682,
9607,
295,
198,
644,
7815,
25,
69323,
99682,
198,
4886,
83336,
25,
366,
37004,
397,
14939,
25370,
25,
10587,
87,
361,
1432,
17268,
32,
24,
489,
7447,
13230,
198,
2028,
374,
701,
1121,
369,
3465,
220,
16,
1473,
76,
2599,
25,
220,
15,
13,
25110,
10350,
16955,
17662,
17608,
16,
198,
391,
315,
1855,
538,
512,
19563,
25,
15,
13,
24542,
21944,
25620,
22977,
19272,
21,
345,
3231,
4047,
1773,
18986,
25,
15,
13,
23282,
10148,
24515,
7461,
23574,
16,
345,
14024,
25,
15,
13,
22369,
16739,
16660,
15189,
14057,
17,
345,
1993,
54566,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
23929,
19391,
10895,
21505,
9639,
16,
345,
9181,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
26439,
21235,
21982,
21330,
18163,
17,
345,
17185,
12,
20347,
25,
15,
13,
21221,
25687,
22101,
24599,
931,
23,
345,
5383,
25,
15,
13,
26497,
24735,
24071,
22908,
11727,
24,
345,
16550,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
24110,
23823,
19944,
20275,
23532,
21,
345,
60864,
4047,
98462,
25,
15,
13,
16217,
17837,
19146,
14487,
15966,
20,
345,
16568,
96128,
25,
15,
13,
24963,
25458,
22385,
15894,
25009,
23,
345,
58121,
3913,
68302,
19677,
25,
15,
13,
15573,
6330,
7322,
14590,
20165,
24,
345,
1067,
9274,
25,
15,
13,
20775,
20275,
25822,
23439,
22345,
17,
345,
13279,
9552,
25,
15,
13,
20873,
22716,
22488,
22488,
22614,
18,
345,
2332,
41133,
2320,
1786,
25,
15,
13,
20338,
20899,
25560,
19027,
23505,
345,
50222,
88323,
25,
15,
13,
21729,
24430,
22240,
9367,
23812,
16,
271,
791,
14976,
2038,
374,
14852,
5116,
25,
10608,
2259,
7099,
1586,
37644,
2632,
18,
17513,
2712,
18023,
62,
18,
87,
62,
2366,
11531,
1419,
62,
10148,
13,
22,
86,
22131,
646,
10196,
24,
198,
11362,
25,
69323,
99682,
9607,
295,
198,
644,
7815,
25,
69323,
99682,
198,
4886,
83336,
25,
366,
37004,
397,
14939,
25370,
25,
10587,
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128001
] |
Across a steep canyon, a ghost floats in the darkness—a phantom in this redwood forest, somewhere in California’s Santa Cruz County.
We slip-slide into the gully, landing in spongy piles of discarded needles, ferns, and poison oak, and then we scale the other slope. A great horned owl hoots once, twice, three times. Dawn is just beginning to tickle the treetops, but down here, beneath the forest canopy, it’s still chilly twilight.
A few feet away, the astonishingly white tree hovers like an otherworldly apparition, its crown high above our heads. It’s an albino redwood. An enigma. A biological improbability—an organism that shouldn’t exist.
“My guess is that this thing is probably a hundred years old, or more,” says graduate student Zane Moore, who studies redwood genomes at the University of California, Davis. “It’s one of the tallest in the county.”
Rather than being evergreen, the tree is everwhite, its needles soft and waxy. Normally Sequoia sempervirens, the coast redwood, survives by harvesting sunlight and turning it into food—but this albino is missing a crucial component of the basic cellular machinery it needs to feed itself. Instead, it taps into the root system of its pigmented parent and steals sugars and nutrients.
Although rare on Earth, albinos grow naturally within the fog-drenched coast redwood range. They’re a scientific puzzle—mutated trees that are somehow allowed to survive, even as parent trees discard other shoots. A few are tall like the tree we’re visiting, but most are shorter and shrubbier. Others have sprouted high up in their parent trees. Maybe 50 or so are naturally occurring white-and-green chimeras, organisms with two distinct sets of genetic instructions. One of these trees, which was growing near a right-of-way in Sonoma County, is so beloved that when railway builders threatened to cut it down in 2014, local residents forced the company to dig it up, load it onto a truck, and relocate it.
The trees first appeared in publications in the mid-1800s, when settlers started noticing their curiously creamy foliage. Since then, and with a few exceptions, the albinos’ locations have been closely guarded to protect them from trophy-clippers or decorators, like those who once festooned an opera house with the snowy sprigs.
The towering albino we visited at dawn has been known since the 1970s, says Moore, now one of the world’s experts on the trees. He and a colleague are keepers of the albino redwood map, an evolving guide to the roughly 630 known albinos growing between southern Oregon and central California. Some of these trees have been cultivated by enthusiasts. Others, maybe a hundred or so, Moore has stumbled upon accidentally, including the one he glimpsed while snarled in beach traffic on a notorious California highway. Mostly, he says, he chases them based on historical reports or tips from locals: “It’s like a treasure hunt.”
Later in the day, he shows me the first albino he ever encountered. It lives in Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park, where a well-trodden loop trail allows visitors to experience the majesty and monstrosity that is an old-growth redwood grove: thick, towering trees with twisted bark and gnarly burls, split crowns, fused trunks, and even a burned-out cavern big enough for dozens of people to squeeze into.
Surrounded by ferns and fragrant, dewy leaf litter, these massive trees dominate the landscape and lend an almost primordial appearance to the forest. Moore’s first albino, in contrast, is a roughly human-height mix of brown and white branches, tucked into an unmarked grove near the park’s railroad tracks. He found it in 2011 after he watched a documentary about the albinos and decided to go see one for himself. “And around the same time, I’m realizing, Oh, I could do botany as a living?” Moore recalls. “You know, I really like plants.”
Everything about albino redwoods is tinged with mystery. How they survive, and sometimes appear to thrive; their physiology; their anatomy; the mutations that make their bone-white color. Even the scientific literature describing the trees is sparse. Recently, scientists went hunting for albino-producing mutations but were thwarted by the redwood genome itself—a colossal, just sequenced assemblage of 26.5 billion base pairs distributed among six pairs of 11 chromosomes. (Humans, by comparison, have three billion base pairs and 23 pairs of chromosomes.)
Researchers do know that, in addition to lacking photosynthetic machinery, the trees have almost no control over water loss through small openings in their leaves, which happens more quickly in higher temperatures. The albino trees also have weaker wood than the pigmented trees, perhaps because they can’t easily make a compound called lignin that’s crucial for building cell walls. “It’s hard working with these long-lived plants,” says ecophysiologist Jarmila Pittermann of the University of California, Santa Cruz, who did the work on water loss. “I’m also fascinated by the fact that there really are a lot of them here” in Santa Cruz County, she says.
In 2016, Moore discovered that some albinos contain much higher levels of cadmium, nickel, and copper than their green parents—as much as 11 times the amount needed to damage a plant. He wondered whether the albinos were sequestering those heavy metals and in some way benefiting their parent trees, which researchers suspect could otherwise choose to shut off the albinos’ food supply. So far, there’s no consensus among scientists about what’s going on. And now, in a twist, researchers at Princeton University who are studying how carbon and hydrogen atoms travel through the trees’ metabolic pathways are using the trees to possibly better reconstruct ancient environmental conditions.
People often say that albino redwoods are ephemeral—ghosts that materialize and vanish, phantoms that hide in plain view. But in the realm of the California redwoods, humans are the fleeting apparitions. At Henry Cowell Park, a ceremoniously displayed stump came from a tree that sprouted in a California forest two centuries before the birth of Christianity. The oldest tree in the park has been soaking up sunlight for more than a thousand years.
Yet even the supposedly frail albinos outlive us. Moore shows me one growing near the park’s railroad tracks that also appeared in a photograph from 1877—a gleaming bush nonchalantly sprouting next to the curving metal. And he tells me that a few miles away, a huge tree exists that was first described in 1912.
“It was fully cut down in the 1970s, but it’s still growing back,” Moore says. “You want to see a spectacular albino? That’s it. Covers 728 square feet, and it’s about 15-ish, maybe 15, 20 feet tall on average, just this big clump of white. It’s really something else.”
Of course we go see it. Casually growing between two houses, the tree is a riotous gathering of milky branches erupting in every direction—a thicket large enough to get lost in—that has regrown in just 50 years. Now, every threat to redwoods is also a threat to the albinos, Pittermann says, because “their vigor is impacted by the health of the parent tree.” But this razed tree’s regrowth is the same phenomenon seen after forest fires: White shoots often are among the fastest to regrow from flame-damaged landscapes. “It’s amazing, right?” she says.
I grew up in the arms of an old-growth redwood grove, a place that feels more precious every day. Yet it took me nearly 25 years to spot the bushy cluster of albino sprouts along one of my childhood trails: a froth of snow-white needles the size of a minivan. Like most people, I’d traipsed by it multiple times, oblivious to its striking colors or perhaps dismissing it as a trick of sunlight. To this day the tree, an embodiment of the peculiar and the unlikely, is thriving. Though precisely where, I won’t say.
This story appears in the May 2022 issue of National Geographic magazine. | 1,870 | [
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128001
] |
The.
Much has been written about the trends on the customer side, but I find less specific guidance on the changes which are impacting the way we interact with peers at work. An exception is a recent book by Alison Maitland and Peter Thomson, "Future Work: Changing Organizational Culture for the New World of Work," which offers some real insight on this subject.
They point to several key trends in organizational cultures and working practices that can boost output, cut costs, and give employees more freedom. I have added my own insights, based on my experience advising and working with entrepreneurs and startups:
- Pay for results, rather than pay for work. Measuring results in itself is not new. What is new is the trend and mentality to just look for results and ignore other traditional management constraints, like the amount of time spent. When and where you do the work does not matter; producing the outcomes to the right quality on time does.
- Reward shorter hours of high productivity. People who get paid by results have every incentive to think up smarter ways of getting work done. Their reward is more free time for leisure, or more time for bonus objectives and stock options. It does not mean the culture is soft or lacks discipline. Peer pressure keeps productivity standards high.
- Encourage people to work where and when they are most productive. People concentrate better if they can work at least some of the time in a quieter location, or escape the stress of a long commute. Trusted to get on with the job, people tend to be more motivated to do so, especially if they gain more rewards as a result.
- Bring your own device to work (BYOD). An increasing number of startups are adopting a BYOD policy, realizing that individuals have their own preferences in the way they access data, collect emails or 'chat' to colleagues. Computers are no longer stand-alone dedicated devices, but are built into personal devices, like phones and tablets.
- Use of collaborative and other social media platforms. In startups, and even corporate environments, I see the spread of collaborative social platforms such as Slack and Yammer. Customers and clients are already on LinkedIn and Facebook, so it makes sense to go where they are, rather than limit your team at work to internal systems.
- Explore benefits of employing "mature" workers. New research and case studies show that the more mature workers are just as productive as their younger counterparts, are just as successful in training, take less short-term time off, and offer better judgment based on years of experience. They are now actively recruited for many roles.
- Mobility and connecting to work via the 'cloud.' Virtually every collaboration platform and mainline business process today has a cloud-based deployment option. This follows the 'work from anywhere with any device' trend, gives everyone the freedom to work more productively, and not be forced into an outdated standardized solution.
- Trend to a 'contingent' workforce. Work is becoming more of a tradable commodity, rather than a job, with freelancers and independent contractors, according to recent data. In the US, nearly 18 million workers identified themselves as independent in 2013, up 10% from 2011. Another study predicts this number could grow to 24 million by 2018.
Certainly, there is still much work to be done in finding the balance between physical gatherings of team members in the same place at the same time, versus remote working and remote collaboration. The announcement by Yahoo a while back, pulling home workers back into the office, triggered a debate on whether some new companies have gone too far.
Overall, as an entrepreneur, you just need to be aware that the notions of work are changing just as fast as the technology for products. It's an opportunity for innovation that cannot be ignored as a success and competitor differentiator. When was the last time you applied real innovation to the work model in your business?
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The expression “when life hands you lemons, you make lemonade” is an apt aphorism for these difficult times. The Covid-19 pandemic, which first appeared in Wuhan China at the end of 2019, is wreaking havoc on the world; but, looking forward, this might offer opportunities that in normal times would be difficult to put into place. Specifically focusing on the energy sector, weaning global dependence on fossil fuels may be a silver lining of the pandemic. Most countries have an enormous potential for renewable energy production, and this might be the moment in history when renewable energy sources are more fully embraced. The combination of the impact of Covid-19 and economics may make this happen.
In addition to the terrible toll the coronavirus is having on human life, the pandemic also is causing turmoil in the global economy. Restrictions on movement of people, goods and services, severe travel limitations, and containment measures such as factory closures are impacting every sector of the global economy. Supply chains have been disrupted and financial market volatility has resulted in global losses in the trillions of dollars, surpassing previous financial crises. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) predicts that Covid-19 will lower global GDP growth by 1.5 percent in 2020, half the rate projected before the virus outbreak.1 In the US, as of mid-July 2020, 45.7 million Americans filed for unemployment during the pandemic, a figure not seen since the Great Depression almost a century ago.2 Fears that the world will slip into a depression are not unfounded.
The energy sector, which is all-too familiar with boom and bust cycles, is also being affected by the coronavirus. Covid-19 has created a steep decline in industry productivity and a reduced demand for oil and gas, resulting in a decline in oil usage, lower capacity demands from the system, and plummeting oil and gas prices. In 2020, global oil demand is expected to contract for the first time since the global recession of 2009.3 Since early March 2020, oil prices have fallen precipitously to their lowest levels in two decades.4 Continued pumping of oil is creating a major oversupply in the markets and putting pressure on storage capacity, which is rapidly reaching its limit.
All evidence shows that a decline in active oil and gas rigs in North America is accelerating, and the number of new wells being drilled is poised to fall to its lowest level in at least a decade.5 At current prices, not one of the 100 largest drilling companies in the US can turn a profit. Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, the debt load for many oil and gas companies was high; since 2015, there were 215 bankruptcies, involving $130 billion in debt. Further, North American oil and gas drillers have a debt load of $100 billion that is set to mature in the next four years.6 The coronavirus has laid bare the fragile economics of the oil and gas and drilling industry.
On a more positive note, the reduction in fossil fuel usage has led to a remarkable fall in carbon and health damaging air pollutant emissions, all great news for protecting the health of the population. In New York, for example, carbon monoxide levels, largely produced from cars, have fallen by nearly 50 percent compared to the same time last year.7 Pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in China have plummeted and levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) over cities and industrial areas in Asia and Europe were lower by as much as 40 percent compared to the same period in 2019.8 And, in India, where air pollution perennially darkens the sky in the sprawling urban cities, carbon dioxide emissions have dropped for the first time in four decades.9 It is estimated that globally emissions from human activity could decline by 8 percent in 2020, which would be the largest year-to-year drop ever recorded.10 In a very real-time way, the pandemic has shown what a low-carbon future might look like: clean air being the most obvious result.
The Covid-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity, with potentially profound implications for climate change mitigation. The renewable energy sector is well suited to effect a transition from fossil fuels to more climate-friendly energy sources. Renewable energy sources make up 26 percent of the world’s electricity today, and are expected to reach 30 percent by 2024.11 Deloitte’s 2020 Renewable Energy Industry Outlook Report concludes that the renewable energy industry is “primed to enter a new phase of growth driven largely by increasing customer demand, cost competitiveness, innovation, and collaboration”.12 Acknowledging the changes in the oil and gas environment, BP is writing down as much as $17.5 billion of its assets and might leave some of its oil and gas in the ground because of lower energy prices and weakened demand amid the global crisis caused by the novel coronavirus.13 BP is betting that renewable energy resources will be the fastest-growing source of energy, providing around 14 percent of global primary energy by 2040.14
Should the world return to “business as usual” post-pandemic, we will be missing an opportunity to build a clean energy system that would be less vulnerable to the swing in oil and gas prices. In fact, in a shift in strategic direction, five out of the eight major oil companies have made considerable investments into renewable energy (i.e., wind and solar).15 Collectively, in 2018, the world’s top 24 oil companies have invested $3.4 billion in low carbon energy technology. In April 2020, Royal Dutch Shell told investors that it plans to stop adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere by 2050 and British-Dutch said that it will strive to achieve “net zero” emissions from production by 2050.16
It doesn’t matter what the ulterior motives of the oil companies are, what matters is that weaning the world from its dependence on oil by diversifying its book of business is a strategic economic move and one that is good for the environment, people’s health, and climate, especially since most of the large oil companies are under pressure from shareholders and climate activists to reduce their carbon emissions from their hydrocarbon businesses to limit global warming. The US Energy Information Administration reports that America’s total coal consumption in 2020 will fall for the first time below nuclear power and renewable power (including wind, solar, hydroelectric dams, geothermal, and biomass).17 However, in order to enable the renewable energy sector to be an effective option, barriers to renewables, including political, regulatory, technical, financial, and economic, and geographical, need to be addressed.
Because initial investment costs for renewable energy systems are usually high, incentives for investors to support the development of renewable energy technologies and renewable energy sources need to be put in place. There is precedence for this. After the recession in 2008, Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, which set a precedent for successful clean energy stimulus programs that also benefited the U.S. economy as a whole. Maybe the Covid-19 pandemic will provide the impetus for this, which would be very good for public health and the environment.
- OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report March 2020. Coronavirus: the world economy at risk. https://www.oecd.org/economic-outlook/. (date accessed April 17, 2020).
- Lambert L. 45.7 million have filed for unemployment during the pandemic. Fortune. June 18, 2020. https://fortune.com/2020/06/18/45-7-million-have-filed-unemployment-during-the-pandemic-greater-than-the-combined-population-of-23-states/. (date accessed July 16, 2020).
- IEA. Oil 2020. https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-2020#key-findings. (date accessed July 15, 2020).
- Baffes J, Kose MA, Ohnsorge F, Stocker M. The great plunge in oil prices: causes, consequences, and policy responses. World Bank. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/339801451407117632/PRN01Mar2015OilPrices.pdf. (date accessed July 15, 2020).
- McDonnell T. The collapse of the US fracking industry, in seven charts. Quartz. April 3, 2020. https://qz.com/1830456/how-the-coronavirus-is-disrupting-the-us-fracking-industry/. (date accessed April 13, 2020).
- McLean B. Coronavirus May Kill Our Fracking Fever Dream. New York Times. April 10, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/10/opinion/sunday/coronavirus-texas-fracking-layoffs.html. (date accessed April 15, 2020).
- Coronavirus: Air pollution and CO2 fall rapidly as virus spreads. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51944780. (date accessed April 15 2020).
- Will Covid-19 have a lasting impact on the environment?. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200326-covid-19-the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-the-environment. (date accessed April 15, 2020).
- Analysis: India’s CO2 emissions fall for first time in four decades amid coronavirus. Carbon Brief. May 12, 2020. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-indias-co2-emissions-fall-for-first-time-in-four-decades-amid-coronavirus. (date accessed July 15, 2020).
- US IEA. Global Energy Review 2020. The impacts of the Covid-19 crisis on global energy demand and CO2 emissions. April, 2020. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020. (date accessed July 16, 2020).
- US IEA. Renewables. https://www.iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/renewables. (date accessed April 16 2020).
- Deloitte. 2020 Renewable Energy Industry Outlook. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/energy-and-resources/articles/renewable-energy-outlook.html. (date accessed April 15 2020).
- BP Takes $17.5 Billion Write-Down, Expects Oil Price to Stay Low. Wall Street Journal. June 15, 2020. https://www.wsj.com/articles/bp-takes-17-5-billion-write-down-expects-oil-price-to-stay-low-11592211169#:~:text=LONDON%E2%80%94%20BP%20PLC%20is%20writing,caused. (date accessed July 15, 2020).
- BP Energy Outlook 2018. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2018.pdf. (date accessed April 15 2020).
- Pickl M. The renewable energy strategies of oil majors – From oil to energy? Energy Strategy Reviews. 26 (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2019.100370.
- Oil and gas giant Shell targets ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/oil-and-gas-giant-shell-targets-net-zero-emissions-by-2050/2020/04/16/41bf6712-7fe7-11ea-84c2-0792d8591911_story.html. (date accessed April 17 2020).
- US EIA. U.S. renewable energy consumption surpasses coal for the first time in over 130 years. May 26, 2020. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=43895. (date accessed July 16, 2020). | 2,596 | [
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I was raised mostly by nannies and I promise you I got attached to ones we had even for 3-6 months when I was 6 years old. Your wife isn't even going to achieve the intent she wants! Having a nanny your kids get attached to might even be a good thing for her relationship with your kids. I still have a relationship with my mother after having gotten close enough to have been in a nanny's wedding as a junior bridesmaid. Your wife isn't giving your kids the nurturing they need from a mother simply because she isn't there. If you continue to deny your kids getting that from a stable nanny, they will resent your wife for never giving them motherly nurturing (either from her or the nanny). I am grateful my mother chose the nannies she did and they gave me something my mother could not. If i have a revolving door of nannies, I am not sure I would feel the same and I am sure I would not have a positive relationship with my mom, because she wasn't there. The nannies were an extension of her, and in her providing them, I am able to feel her love for me through that. Your wife is denying your kids all of that. | 254 | [
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K12reader 2nd Grade Reading Comprehension Worksheets – Reading Comprehension Worksheets provide your students with the framework they require to read efficiently. There are tests in school that evaluate students in various areas of their knowledge. They use these tests to serve as a testing instrument. These tests are designed around actual situations, and students are expected to evaluate and interpret what they read. Teachers cannot make up their opinions on what they should teach and how they should explain it. There are several tools available that could make the process simpler for educators and students.
Worksheets are an excellent way to manage ideas, organize students, and answer questions in the class. There are several worksheets available that covers the following skills such as Identification, Reading Comprehension, Reading Speed, Listening, and Writing. Each topic includes multiple-choice or false/true choices. For the identification worksheet, the students can be provided with a diagram to identify the central idea from multiple options. This will help students to better comprehend the passage. Your students must read the passage and then respond to questions regarding every particular of the passage.
K12reader 2nd Grade Reading Comprehension Worksheets
The Reading Comprehension Worksheet offers the student with three topics to read and analyze, as well as write within each of the sections. This is an example of how you might put the worksheet together in your classroom. The topics are: English Vocabulary, Word Knowledge, Reading Comprehension and Listening. You’ll need to give an example sentence (containing all the words you think the passage might contain) along with a definition, a question, and an explanation of each topic.
The third category is nonfiction reading comprehension worksheets to teach the fundamentals of reading. They include word identification words, word comprehension exercises sentences, paragraphs Writing activities, and essay questions. An ideal format for nonfiction comprehension worksheets for reading is typically multi-choice, which allows students to choose the right answer from a selection. A few of these topics could be math along with nature facts or short stories.
The third category, worksheets to improve your reading comprehension at levels higher, will be more of a test, than it is of content. In this class it is possible to present a number of advanced level topics and make use of multiple choice for selecting answers from a multi-choice section. Additionally, you will provide multiple answers that are correct and incorrect “don’t know”, or “taken”. For a majority of the subjects of the advanced level reading comprehension exercises, it is required to be required to provide at least at a single correct choice. Advanced level reading comprehension exercises usually focus on words that only appear once. The majority of advanced-level reading comprehension worksheets cover 500 or fewer words and therefore, you won’t find too many options in these tasks.
The fourth category, which is reading comprehension worksheets for children and teens, isn’t about reading in any way. It is more about how to spot the copyright when you read books, particularly if you are reading the work in a classroom setting. Most of the writing materials that are copyrighted have been designed for sale as e-books or eBooks, and are made available via download from the Internet as well as purchased on CDor in book form. Many students and those at home do not possess access to Internet as well as do not be able to find published works without an online dictionary.
Finally, there are worksheets on reading comprehension for students who have already achieved the beginning level of the subject, and are now ready to move on to more difficult material. These tests generally include multiple-choice questions or free write-ins. They are usually longer than those shown in class. They also have a format that is different. The worksheets that are appropriate for these levels will be given at either the beginning or at the conclusion of the class to show students a variety of concepts. In some cases, these exams will also feature free-response sections which offers students having the option of grading their work that they have just readrather than writing their answers verbally. This allows students to reinforce the concepts they’ve learned and to demonstrate their research abilities in a engaging manner.
Of obviously, the same guidelines for selecting reading comprehension worksheets apply to other kinds of the test. It is essential to choose tests with similar writing questions, but allow enough room for individual testing. It is also crucial to select tests that do be able to make the student feel restricted by the teacher or the textbook. Additionally, it is crucial to select tests that measure the student’s abilities to comprehendrather than simply showing his ability to solve problems. When taking all these aspects into consideration Students will be certain to find worksheets for the class that will be effective and interesting. | 994 | [
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ERIC Number: ED439910
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 2000
Reference Count: N/A
Messages from Space: The Solar System and Beyond. Grades 508. Teacher's Guide. Great Explorations in Science (GEMS).
Beals, Kevin; Erickson, John; Sneider, Cary
Building on collaborative work between the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute and the Lawrence Hall of Science, this curriculum takes advantage of humans' fascination with extraterrestrials to catalyze the study of the solar system and beyond. The unit begins when students attempt to decode a fictitious message from outer space. Imagining that they are SETI scientists, students begin to analyze where in our solar system and beyond there may be conditions favorable for life. Students investigate how our solar system and other planetary systems may have formed, and consider how information about our solar system fits into a bigger picture of the universe. This book includes background information for teachers and diverse resources. Teachers do not need to have special knowledge of astronomy to present this unit successfully. (WRM)
Descriptors: Astronomy, Communications, Elementary Education, Science Activities, Science and Society, Science Fiction, Science Instruction, Social Studies, Solar System, Space Exploration, Space Sciences, Teaching Guides, Technology Education
University of California, Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, CA 94720-5200 ($18). Tel: 510-642-7771; Web site: http://www.lhs.berkeley.edu/GEMS.
Publication Type: Books; Guides - Classroom - Teacher
Education Level: N/A
Audience: Practitioners; Teachers
Authoring Institution: California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Hall of Science. | 366 | [
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A recent joint study by the Minnesota DNR and groups from Wisconsin, Utah, Michigan, Illinois, and Canada focused on the diets of various gamefish. Its purpose was mainly to guide management decisions in issues like how successful fingerling stocking is and how vulnerable native species are to introduced predators. When the scientists studied the diets of crappie, bass, rock bass, muskie, pike, and walleye, though, they made a discovery that anglers can take advantage of.
Natural selection pushes populations towards maximizing energy gain while minimizing energy loss. Optimal foraging theory predicts a linear relationship between predator size and prey size, simply meaning that bigger fish should eat bigger, more energy-rich prey. In theory, the only limit to how big a prey item can be is the predator’s gape – or how wide it can open its mouth.
Unsurprisingly, the study showed that the largest prey items were consumed by the biggest fish. However, the diets of these larger individuals were comprised mostly of relatively small prey. The trend was represented in all species and in fish of all sizes. As fish grow, they appear not to shift their hunting focus to larger prey. Instead they merely expand their diet to encompass bigger prey in addition to the smaller prey that they’ve always hunted.
The reason for this is once again tied into evolution and energy tradeoffs. The most successful fish aren’t necessarily the ones who eat food items with the largest gross energy. The most successful fish are the ones whose overall diet provides the largest net energy.
Fish have evolved to eat mainly the most common and easiest to catch prey. As baitfish – and young of the year gamefish – get older and bigger, they become more experienced with escaping predators, they develop higher speed capabilities over short distances, and their visual acuity enhances. They are also much less common than their younger, dumber counterparts.
Fish that solely hunted these larger baitfish would most likely die very quickly. Between low encounter rates and high escape probability, bigger prey items are not usually the most energy efficient targets. Waiting around for them or even seeking them out could mean a catastrophic amount of energy wasted if none are found. Even if the predator finds large prey, it is more likely than not that they’d waste more energy trying to catch it than it’s worth.
The researchers also found that if the predatory fish did eat relatively larger fish, those prey items were more likely to be fusiform fish – like shiners and minnows – than laterally compressed fish – like sunfish and shad. Whether this is because tube-shaped fish are more common, easier to swallow, or not as good at avoiding predation is still unclear.
In most fishing situations, dialing down the size of your lure is likely to trigger more bites. This will ensure that you’re not excluding any experienced fish that have learned not to bother with big prey or any small fish that simply can’t open their mouths wide enough to suck in the lure. That isn’t to say that large lures don’t have a place, though.
One of the best times to use a big presentation is during the winter, when the water temperatures are about as low as they’re going to get. Fish with lowered metabolisms will be sluggish, and their top priority will be to conserve energy. If you’ve already attracted fish to the area with fluttering, reactive baits, and you’re not triggering any strikes with low-profile lures, switch to dead-sticking a bigger bait. An energy-rich prey item that doesn’t appear to be able to elude a predator makes for a tempting target.
To be published in Outdoor News Minnesota, January 2018.
Gaeta JW, Ahrenstoff TD, Diana JS, Fetzer WW, Jones TS, Lawsom ZJ, et al. (2018) Go big or…don’t? A field-based diet avaluation of freshwater piscibore and prey fish size relationships. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194092. | 851 | [
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A school trip to Toronto, Canada is the perfect choice for an unforgettable cross-curricular trip!
A fun-packed city with a great range of activities and museums covering an array of subjects, you’ll be spoilt for choice when it comes to deciding which to include in your itinerary.
Canada's most populous city, Toronto is home to world-class science and art museums, as well as the Hockey Hall of Fame and the amazing CN Tower, which offers views over Toronto and beyond. And let’s not forget that just a short drive away is the stunning Niagara Falls, which you’ll see up close as you enjoy a cruise into the mist!
See Niagara Falls!
Located on the border between Canada and the USA, the iconic Niagara Falls are a must-see for any visitor to Toronto!
Niagara Falls is actually a group of three waterfalls located on the Niagara River, where Lake Erie drains into Lake Ontario.
The Horseshoe Falls sits on the border between Canada and the US, and is the largest of the three, while the smaller American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls sit entirely within the US.
Take a boat trip to see the Falls up close, walk behind them and visit the museum to learn about the many daredevils who have attempted to navigate the Falls in various different vessels!
Did you know? At the current rate of erosion, scientists have predicted that the Niagara Falls will disappear in around 50,000 years!
Visit the CN Tower!
An icon of the Toronto skyline, the CN Tower is the western hemisphere’s largest free-standing structure!
For over three decades, it was actually the tallest free-standing structure in the world, until it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa in Dubai.
One of the main attractions of the tower is its famous glass floor, which allows visitors to look down at the city below them from 342m up!
Did you know? The CN Tower boasts an LED illumination system which means the tower can be lit up in various colours. Throughout the year, the tower is illuminated to promote various charities and national awareness days. Lighting usually begins at sunset and ends at sunrise, except during autumn, when it finishes at midnight so as not to affect the migration of birds.
Visit the Ontario Science Centre!
One of the first interactive science museums in North America, the Ontario Science Centre was designed specifically to spark people’s interest in the science around them!
Learn all about space at Toronto’s only planetarium and discover how your body deals with danger. Find out what you might look like when you’re older and take a walk through a rainforest.
And make sure you visit the ‘Question of Truth’ exhibit, where you’ll learn all about how beliefs and prejudices can influence science.
There’s also a hydraulophone outside the entrance to the centre. This hydraulic-action pipe organ is made up of 57 water jets – to play the instrument you just have to block the flow of water from the jets!
Did you know? More than 53 million people have visited the Ontario Science Centre since it opened in 1969.
Comprehensive travel and medical insurance I.P.T.
The hostel offers both shared accommodation and private rooms with 154 beds in total. There is a 24 hour reception and, at the front desk, you can purchase travel products and find information on nearby attractions, packages and activities.
Facilities include internet access, coin-operated laundry, TV lounge, shared kitchen and an on-site café that is open for breakfast and dinner.
| 744 | [
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] |
2Mercantile System & The Navigation Acts Oliver Cromwell & colonial trade1651 – Parliament adopted the Navigation ActRequired that all goods imported to England or the colonies be carried only on English ships and that the majority of each crew be English.World’s gold and silver fixedOne nation could gain wealth only at the expense of another – by seizing its gold and silver and dominating its trade. Led to the development and protection of shipping.1660 – Navigation ActShip’s crews must be ¾ English (not just a majority)Enumerated (products grown or extracted from the colonies) goods1663 – Navigation ActAll colonial imports from Europe to America stop first in England, be offloaded, and have duty paid on them before shipping to AmericaResultsEngland had a monopoly on tobacco and sugar from the Chesapeake and West Indies.Customs revenues increasedEnriched English shipbuildersAmerican colonies became more important to England’s economy
3Enforcing the Navigation Acts Enforcement of the Navigations Acts was spotty at bestCharles I – bureaucracy of colonial administratorsCharles II – Lords of Trade1670’s – Customs duties appeared in all coloniesSurveyor General – Edward Randolph1678 – Massachusetts legislature declared Navigation Acts had no legal standing in the colonies1684 – Lords of Trade won a court decision the annulled the charter of Massachusetts
4The Dominion of New England James II succeeded Charles IIJames II approved a proposal to create a Dominion of New England (all colonies south through New Jersey)Sir Edmund Andros appointed royal governor in 1686 in Boston.Rule reached from Massachusetts to Connecticut, Rhode Island and eventually New York and East & West Jersey.Andros’s presence and leadership led to great resentment in the colonies.Dominion of New England fell apart with England’s Glorious Revolution in 1688
5The Glorious Revolution in America James II fled to France and Protestant Mary Stuart & husband William III of Orange invited to assume the throne as joint monarchs.Colonist’s response to William & Mary’s arrival to the throneAndros and councilors were arrestedMassachusetts reverted to its former governmentLong term effects of the Glorious Revolution in AmericaBill of Rights & Act of Toleration – 1689James II overthrow set precedent for revolution against a monarch
6An Emerging Colonial System & Salutary Neglect Refinement of the Navigation Acts under William and MaryAct to Prevent Frauds and Abuses of 1696 – colonial governors required to enforce trade laws. Writs of assistanceLords Commissioners of Trades and Plantation (Board of Trade) – investigate enforcement of Navigation ActsSalutary Neglect1696 – 1725 – Board of Trade worked to enforce Navigation Acts and assert royal control. However, deaths and inconsistencies in leadership led to “a wise and salutary neglect” of the colonies.Relaxed policies towards the colonies gave them greater freedom to pursue their economic interests and consequently enabled them to pursue greater political independence
7Powers of the Governors Crown never vetoed acts of Parliament after 1707Colonial governors held absolute veto powersCrown could disallow colonial legislation on advice of the Board of TradeGovernor still had power to determine when and where it would meet, legislative sessions, and dissolve the assembly for new elections/postponement of electionsIn short, colonial governors could appoint and remove officials, command the militia and naval forces, and grant pardons.
8Powers of the Assemblies Members of the council were NOT appointed by an outside authority (i.e. crown/proprietor), they were elected officialsWomen, children, Native Americans, and African Americans were excluded from the political process – why?Early 18th century, the colonial assemblies held two important strands of power:Purse strings – right to vote on taxes and expendituresPower to initiate legislation“Self-government became first a habit then a “right.” | 801 | [
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by
you think this is bad try one of their other products they all suck, and think their customers are idiots
I purchased a side by side Liebherr fridge and fridge freezer in 2012. What a disappointment . I have never had so many problems with a fridge. They must be made in China. I have had at least 6 service calls for faulty-sensors, leaking and buzzing noises. The alarm went off again so now waiting for the service guy to arrange another time to fix the fridge freezer for the same thing again. DO NOT BUY A LEIBHERR fridge. You will regret it. | 126 | [
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] |
A section of a mouse’s olfactory cortex, where scent signals from the olfactory bulb are processed to help the brain identify odors. Disrupting this processing with a toxin (green) reveals how this processing works. (Kevin Franks lab)
If you can tell the difference between a merlot and a cabernet franc just by smell, it’s probably all in the timing.
That’s because the odor-decoding centers of the brain will pay more attention to the first smell signals to reach them, regardless of how long or strong the remainder of the sniff may be, according to a pair of Duke University neurobiologists who have teased apart the neural circuitry of smell in mice.
Humans have about 400 different types of odor receptors in their nose, each tuned to slightly different scent molecules. Whenever we inhale, the receptors most closely matched to a particular scent will signal first.
But if you take a deeper sniff in that wineglass, you will inhale many more scent molecules, which can activate less specific receptors. Those added signals should dramatically change the scent, but they don’t, a riddle sensory neuroscientists call “concentration-invariance.”
The answer to the riddle, according to new research appearing Sept. 14 in Science, is in the timing.
A scent is routed from the nose through a structure called the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex, where its signals are processed. The first signals to reach the cortex are invariably those that are most closely matched to particular odor receptors in the nose. Therefore, they provide the most precise information about the odor, said Kevin Franks, an assistant professor of neurobiology in the Duke School of Medicine.
“You’ll always activate the most specific receptors earliest,” said Franks, who is also a member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences.
This in turn means the olfactory cortex has to have some way to pay attention to the early inputs and ignore those that arrive slightly later. “A more prolonged sniff has the potential to degrade the specific representation of the scent as the concentration rises,” Franks said. “The olfactory system needs a way to filter out the extraneous signals that arrive slightly later.”
If you think about an odor as say, fine tendrils of Chanel No.5 wafting across a room, how does the brain know that faint smell is what you think it is, even as you cross the room and the odor becomes stronger, asks Sandeep Robert Datta, an associate professor of neurobiology at Harvard, who was not involved in this research. “We haven’t known how the brain solves this problem.”
It was known that the first, most specific smell receptors in the nose would signal first, and that the olfactory bulb would in turn pass those signals along to the olfactory cortex, Datta said. “But we didn’t really have a handle on how the cortex enables odor perception. Kevin has isolated this temporal element in a very clever way. This is really impressive.”
The findings come from a study of mice because the researchers know every part of the relatively simple circuit. But Franks said he is confident the same will prove true for humans.
To understand how the cortex could ignore or at least de-emphasize subsequent signals even as the nose and the olfactory bulb continue to send it new information, their study focused on two kinds of inhibitory neurons — cells that can tamp down signals in the cortex. Their first suspect was a “feedforward” neuron which would dampen the signal as it moves from the olfactory bulb to the cortex. But that was not the answer.
Using a sophisticated combination of molecular biology and electrical recordings in the olfactory cortex, the answer turned out to be a second type of inhibitory neuron, the “feedback” neuron, which sends signals back and forth within the cortex. That’s where the inhibition of subsequent odor signals occurred. Though new signals of scent continue to arrive at the cortex, they are suppressed for the remainder of the sniff.
Franks calls the system that he and senior research associate Kevin Bolding identified a “temporal winner-take-all circuit.”
“The system is a little bit like a mousetrap,” Franks said. “The cortex holds onto the first signals that arrive, but afterwards, whatever else comes in afterwards has no effect.”
Franks’ ultimate goal is to understand the powerful bond between smell and memory that novelists and storytellers have long drawn upon. Mice make this somewhat easier, he said, because scent is even more important to a mouse than it is to a human. But the rodent also has a relatively simple circuit from nose to cortex, making it easier for scientists to watch all its parts at work.
“These are the first steps to being able to understand the link between memory and perception,” Franks said.
The research was supported by grants from The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD: DC009839 and DC015525) and the Edward Mallinckrodt Jr. Foundation.
CITATION: “Recurrent Cortical Circuits Implement Concentration-Invariant Odor Coding,” Kevin A. Bolding and Kevin M. Franks. Science, Sept. 14, 2018. DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6904 | 1,157 | [
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Are you interested in becoming a developer? If you want to create computer software, produce apps, or develop the next popular video game, you will need to write code—but which one should you learn?
There are a handful of different programming languages out there, so how do you know which one you should learn? From Python to Kotlin and Java to C++, every developer must decide which language to adopt. For many, the choice comes down to Java or C++.
This article takes a deeper look into these two languages to hopefully give you some guidance in making the choice that best fits your plans.
Most experts will tell you that Java is easier to learn. It’s a newer language than C++ and isn’t as complex in its principles or execution. However, there’s more to consider than a language’s learning curve. Selecting a programming language comes down to what you want to do with it.
If you want to create mobile apps from your couch, then Java is your answer, but if designing software used inside military planes, C++ is a better choice. To make an informed decision, you need more information, which is why we’ll compare the two languages to help you decide which is best for you.
Java is the most common programming language used by developers. It’s a high-level, class-based, object-oriented language that takes a program from concept to completion.
Developers use different languages for different reasons. To pick between languages, you need to think about your goals. What do you want to create? What kind of job do you want? Your response will steer your decision.
Developers often use Java to:
Develop Android apps
Create enterprise software
Create scientific computing applications
Manage application servers
Design wearable tech
Launch Ecommerce portals
There are some advantages to learning Java, which include:
Small learning curve
While some coding languages are complex and challenging to learn, Java is not. Developers say the language is easy to pick up. Its syntax is straightforward, making it easy to understand, write, and maintain.
With Java, developers can write once and run anywhere (WORA). In other words, Java can run on any machine regardless of its operating system. This independence is one of the big reasons developers use it.
Java is an object-oriented language (OOP), which organizes the software design around objects instead of functions or logic. Simply put, it makes it easier for developers to write the code and reuse pieces of it, which aids in efficiency and scalability.
There are downsides to this language too, which include:
Java requires a lot of memory to function, making its computing speed fairly slow. Other languages, including C++, are faster.
When it comes to the graphical user interface (GUI), Java can be lacking. Plenty of frameworks can improve the GUI, like Swing and JavaFX, but none can create a complex user interface.
Java utilizes storage and doesn’t provide any backups. It makes it difficult for a developer to revert to a previous version of a code. It’s a significant drawback for some developers who see the value of backups.
Back in the 1990s, coding expert James Gosling set out to create a more straightforward programming language. Initially, he planned to improve the existing C++ language but decided to start from scratch. Originally named OAK, Gosling and his team changed the name to Java before releasing it to the public in 1995.
Soon after its release, major web browsers started using it. From there, the language was adopted quickly and today even remains one of the most used programming languages.
C++ is an object-oriented programming language that has evolved from a family of C programming languages. Some call C++ “C with Class” because it’s the first to introduce object-oriented programming, which uses classes as a core programming principle, something the older C programming languages lacked.
Considering which programming language to learn can be a challenge, but if your ideal job focuses on any of these categories, C++ could be right for you:
Creation of operating systems
Video game development
The upsides of learning C++ include:
High paying jobs
In general, developers are high-paying jobs. The average salary for a software developer, for example, is just south of $100,000, according to Glassdoor . However, C++ developers are considered specialized, so salary tends to be a bit higher than Java developers.
C++ has a Standard Template Library (STL) that can help developers write code quickly and efficiently. These templates can ease some of the burden during the creation process since programs aren’t created from scratch.
Large community of support
Since this coding language has been around for decades, a full community of developers is available who can offer aspiring developers support. This support can offer solutions when developers hit a roadblock.
Like Java, there are challenges with C++ as well.
Lack of security
Experts say C++ isn’t as secure as other languages like Java. C++ has what experts refer to as “memory unsafety,” which refers to vulnerabilities in the memory codes. Many developers don’t consider security when they’re selecting a programming language, but it has become more prevalent in the wake of security breaches like HeartBleed, according to Fossbytes .
No garbage collector
A garbage collector finds and removes unnecessary data from a computer’s memory. It’s an automatic process that usually goes on in the background, except if you’re working with C++. This programming language forces developers to identify unneeded properties and remove them independently.
Use of pointers
C++ and its related programs use pointers, which “point to” the variable whose address they store. If that sounds complicated, you’re right. Developers agree that pointers in the C++ language are difficult to comprehend and utilize throughout the code.
C++ dates back to the late 1970s. Ph.D. student Bjarne Stroustrup wrote his thesis on the need for a coding language that could be used for practical applications. As the name suggests, Stroustrup had experience with Simula 67 language, which is meant for simulations. Still, he knew there was a demand for a programming language that was faster and more functional. Later, Stroustrup started combining pieces of Simula with C language to include object-oriented programming, which later became C++.
Programmers with C++ knowledge are more likely to work with a team of developers on large-scale projects.
C++ is used more in large-scale development, like for banks or governments, whereas Java creates more consumer products like apps, software, and video games.
Java is ideal for creating simple mobile applications, so if your ideal job is to become a freelance app creator, Java is where you should start.
Big-name companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Apple use C++. If your dream job is to work for one of these tech giants, consider learning C++.
It’s common for programmers to learn more than one language.
Java’s syntax is borrowed from C++, so if you learn C++ first, it’s easy to pick up Java.
There are many options to choose from when you’re ready to grow your skill set by learning a coding language. You might consider getting a four-year degree in an area like computer science or application development, or you can take online courses to start building your knowledge now.
Here are a couple of options that are available on Coursera to help get you started on your way.
Introduction to Java
This beginner’s course, Introduction to Java offered by Learn Quest, includes hands-on practice to give students knowledge of the Java language. After completing this course, you should be able to identify Java’s benefits, program in basic Java syntax using Java data types, and incorporate branches and loops.
Programming in C++: A Hands-on Introduction
This beginner Specialization, Programming in C++: A Hands-on Introduction, is intended for aspiring developers with no existing coding knowledge. Throughout the four classes included in the course offered by Codio, you will be exposed to everything from fundamentals to object-oriented design.
The language you choose will likely depend on the career you’d like to achieve. Fortunately, platforms like Coursera can help you start obtaining the skills you need quickly.
1. Glassdoor. "Software Developer Salaries: How Much Does a Software Developer Make?, https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/software-developer-salary-SRCH_KO0,18.htm." Accessed February 15, 2022.
2. Fossbytes. "The Huge Security Problem With C/C++ And Why You Shouldn’t Use It, https://fossbytes.com/security-problem-with-c-c-and-why-you-shouldnt-use-it/." Accessed February 15, 2022.
This content has been made available for informational purposes only. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals. | 1,927 | [
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128001
] |
If women are overly stressed or anxious during pregnancy, their babies stand a higher risk of developing emotional issues such as depression, or cognitive problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Singapore scientists who studied 189 infants and their mothers found that, the sadder or more anxious the women were during pregnancy, the thinner their babies' pre-frontal cortices - an area of the brain associated with mood disorders.
Babies who had a specific variation of a gene called COMT (short for catechol-O-methyltransferase) suffered even more from their mothers' prenatal anxiety.
National University of Singapore (NUS) Associate Professor Qiu Anqi, who led the study, said the findings showed that women should seek help if they find themselves unable to cope with problems during pregnancy.
"We all have stressed or sad moments. But if you're feeling sad all the time, or you always feel that something bad is going to happen to you, then you should get help," said the professor, who is with the department of biomedical engineering.
A death in the family or financial problems could trigger such negative feelings, she said.
She noted that the findings do not mean that some babies are disadvantaged for life.
Infant brains are just 30 per cent the size of adult brains, and grow rapidly in the first four years of the child's life, to about 95 per cent the size of the adult brain.
This means that a nurturing environment during the child's early years is very important as well, said Prof Qiu.
The research is part of an ongoing project called Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (Gusto), which was started in 2009 with around 1,200 expectant women. The project continues to track them and their children.
Gusto is a collaboration between the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, the National University Health System and KK Women's and Children's Hospital.
It was meant to shed light on how metabolic diseases arise early in life, but has branched into areas such as allergies and the developmental advantages of exposing babies to multiple languages.
The women were asked in their 26th week of pregnancy to fill out a form that scored their anxiety.
The brains of the 189 infants were imaged safely some time between five and 17 days after birth. The COMT genes were examined using umbilical cord samples.
The Gusto researchers are also looking at how brain growth in the children's early years might be used to predict their behaviour later.
This article was first published on Feb 16, 2015.
Get a copy of The Straits Times or go to straitstimes.com for more stories. | 551 | [
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Kent Weimer is Senior Director of Gift Planning in the department of Development and Alumni Relations at Lake Forest College, located in Lake Forest, Illinois. A Sharpe client, the college recently made national headlines when it received a multimillion-dollar gift from an unexpected source. Here Kent Weimer shares with Give & Take the story behind the gift and the fund-raising practices that helped this donor and many others decide to lend their support to the college.
Give & Take: Can you tell us how you arrived at your current role?
Weimer: I first became exposed to fund raising shortly after graduating from college while working at a day camp for developmentally disabled children. We needed to raise funds to support our programs, so I very quickly had to learn fund-raising basics. Over the years, I gained valuable experience at a number of national organizations. During 17 years with the YMCA I was involved in all aspects of financial development. At the Lions Club International Foundation I was charged with establishing the gift planning program. I later served as Director of Gift Planning at Shedd Aquarium before becoming chief development officer at a museum in Key West. I joined Lake Forest College about four years ago to revitalize our gift planning program.
G&T: How is Lake Forest’s fund-raising team organized?
Weimer: Like many colleges, we have professionals responsible for the annual fund, others in charge of major gifts, and then an office of charitable gift and estate planning. We all work well together. It’s a very integrated program in which we approach fund raising strategically as a group. We try to see what we can do as a team to raise the most funds for the institution regardless of whether the gifts are large or small, immediate or received over time.
G&T: Do you make an effort to communicate with your donors and alums when you’re not asking for a gift?
Weimer: Absolutely. We very purposely ensure that in most of our communication with alumni, parents, and friends we are not asking for support. Our contact with donors is primarily intended to strengthen their sense of community and their relationship and identity with the college. We organize alumni events around the country to allow alumni to visit with old friends, make new ones, and hear the latest about what’s happening at the college.
G&T: What means of reaching out to donors have you found most successful?
Weimer: Besides our alumni events, we maintain contact with donors through specialized newsletters, electronic communications, and our alumni magazine. Our Web site is also an effective means of communication. We just recently added Sharpe’s Planning Perspectives to our Web site. It is fully integrated with the rest of our site and gives donors and their advisors a chance to learn about different gift plans and decide which one best meets their needs. Donors can also create illustrations on their own and then share them with the college and/or their family or advisors. I believe this new part of our Web site will allow our donors to feel more comfortable and be more knowledgeable about their gift planning options.
G&T: I understand you’re nearing completion of a successful campaign.
Weimer: Our campaign is called the 150th Anniversary Campaign because it was kicked off in 2007 during the college’s sesquicentennial year. When we started the campaign, our goal was to double our endowment and raise funds for several capital projects. As you can imagine, with recent economic challenges our priorities have changed somewhat. The focus of the campaign is now on unrestricted support because the need for financial aid has risen so dramatically, as it has at most colleges and universities across the country. Unrestricted support will allow us to put funds where they need to be in light of the current environment.
Despite the economy, we’ve raised about 90% of our goal. All indications are that we should be finished with the campaign before the stated end date of May 2012.
I think part of the reason we’ve been successful with our campaign is that we used multi-channel communications to get the word out. We’ve publicized the campaign in everything from our alumni magazine to newsletters, targeted mailings, e-mail, our Web site, events on campus, and personal visits. By utilizing a variety of communication channels, we’ve been able to alert donors to the campaign, and they’ve responded. One of the keys, though, is our very skilled major gifts team that has met face-to-face with potential major donors across the country.
G&T: Can you tell us about the remarkable gift you recently received from an alumna?
Weimer: This gift took us by surprise. Grace Groner was truly the “millionaire next door.” She graduated from Lake Forest College in 1931 and took a job as a secretary at Abbott Laboratories, where she worked for 43 years. In 1935, she purchased three shares of Abbott stock for $180. She never sold the stock and always reinvested the dividends, and over the years it grew steadily in value. At the time of her death this January at age 100, the value of the stock had reached $7 million.
Lake Forest, just north of Chicago, is one of the most affluent suburbs in the nation. Despite the wealth she accumulated over the years, Ms. Groner never adopted the upscale lifestyle chosen by so many of her neighbors. Unmarried and childless, she continued to live in a tiny one-bedroom house, did not own a car, and bought secondhand clothes.
Though frugal, she was also generous. Over the years, she became increasingly active in the Lake Forest College community. Late in life, she began funding a small scholarship program at the college. Before her death, Grace worked with her advisors to establish a foundation. Her stock has actually gone into the foundation, and Lake Forest College is the sole charitable recipient. The foundation should generate over $300,000 per year to support students in the college’s study abroad program and students doing internships. The college was also left Ms. Groner’s modest home, which will be named Grace’s Cottage and will house student interns who are benefiting from her generosity.
Our gift planning officers worked to strengthen the college’s relationship with her over the years. While I’m sure this interaction helped lead to her decision to have her fortune benefit Lake Forest, we had no idea before her death of the scope of the legacy she would eventually entrust us with.
G&T: What is your favorite part your job?
Weimer: One of the best perks of working in planned giving is the opportunity to interact with other fund-raising professionals. I’ve been active in both national organizations and our local council on planned giving. The degree of professional development such organizations provide is very refreshing and enlightening. Having access to such a large and supportive group of professional colleagues is very important.
But my favorite aspect of my job is definitely the relationships I’ve built with our donors. Like Grace Groner, they are remarkable and generous people. I love being able to help them leave a legacy to the next generation of Lake Forest students. | 1,486 | [
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A research paper is an extended article that presents either your interpretation or explan dialogue punctuation-checkeration or analysis of information collected from experiments performed by others. In research papers, there is always a thesis statement which summarizes the key points of your study. When you write an article, you generally use what you know and have carefully considered on a certain topic. When you comma checker write a research paper on a specific subject, you try to learn what specialists have believed about the subject and construct a broader, detailed, and systematic overview of what you have learned.
There are several methods that you can start preparing your outline for research papers. The first step you will need to take would be to plan and organize your present information and literature. You need to arrange your details in a manner that will make it easy for you to examine and compare your results with your first hypothesis. At the time that your details are organized, you should start writing your own outline. A.
Among the best ways to outline your study papers is to utilize what you already know. Instead of starting from an entirely new research paper, if at all possible, use information already available on your existing data collection or literature. As you analyze your current information, you are able to determine where modifications are necessary and also make the necessary substitutions that will strengthen your general debate or answer the issue that’s been raised in your research document.
One significant part writing a research paper is creating a strong thesis statement. Your thesis statement will become your statement of purpose that will define your research paper from the rest. You have to develop a clear thesis that is supported by equally factual proof and logically acceptable arguments according to your specific background and tastes. In order to correctly compose a research paper on a particular subject, you must have a strong foundation for the statements that you make during the entire essay.
Developing the strength of your argument requires you to properly structure your conclusions. There are many distinct sorts of decisions which can be made in research papers. While it might not look significant, the true arrangement and organization of the decisions in your essay will greatly influence the potency of your debate. Just like the debut of your paper, developing a solid decision is also an important part of learning how to write research papers.
Creating a good introduction is one of the most crucial facets of learning how to write research papers. The introduction is where you present yourself and your desktop computer. It is generally used to spark your curiosity about reading the entire paper and become more familiar with its structure. Having a solid introduction is critical to the success of your paper, since it establishes you as a competent writer and guides your reader through your essay. | 539 | [
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Sometimes they show cues of hunger when there stomache has bubbles in it and they need a good burp or some tummy time to let it come out and other times it's that there too hungry they've waiting longer than there body is comfortable with for the next feeding and there so upset about it and they don't know how to calm themselves down yet as well as the milk is coming out too slow or too fast. Sometimes it's good to see what feeding schedules work best which are feeding baby the full meal in one sitting and waiting the full amount of time til the next feeding and doing it all over again or there's feeding baby about half the amount and waiting half the time then feeding them the other half and doing it all over again and this one there might be enough time for a snack as well(kind of cluster feeding on purpose) sometimes my baby fusses like that because she needs to be burped or the breast/bottle is not what she wants she just wants to do tummy time/cuddling or wants the binky.
But reading the last half of what you said sounds like baby has stomache issues. My baby had "reflux" but it eventually got so much better without me doing much just simply not overfeeding her, burping her well and also her feedings became closer together paired with feeding the less/half amount than what she ate before. Some medications also soak up too much of the fluids/acid in babies stomache and really makes baby constipated and makes it really hard and painful to get out a stool. Thats why I refused medication and did natural(I also breastfeed only because formula keeps getting recalled and my babies stomache can't handle formula) but babies are different, meds are the same. They do more harm than good usually. I don't like to sound crazy or anything but I really believe that because there's evidence. Your Babies stomache will mature and will know how to handle all that acid and not have reflux anymore. There's also a flap in the throat that doesn't come in til there older that will control fluids from flowing up which babies don't have yet at that age and that's another reason why they have "reflux" and another reason why meds won't work, it's just soaking up the fluids baby needs to have a comfortable bowel movement, and it may seem like it's working because baby doesn't have much fluids to even spit out which again isn't good. Also there had been a study where babies who take meds for reflux develope allergies. Which is another reason why people aren't using it and going natural, because "reflux" is a very natural thing for babies for the reasons above. | 559 | [
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You can also check out the guidelines for citing sources properly. ... Planning
your paper well is the first and most important step you can take toward ... If you
are discussing the ideas of more than one person, watch out for confusing
The simplest cases of plagiarism to avoid are the intentional ones: If you copy a
paper ... from a book, article, or Web site without citing the author, you are
plagiarizing. .... For Web sources, make sure to cite the page from which you're
taking ... This will ensure that you don't cut language from a source and paste it
Article · Edit · Discuss ... You should write a piece of text strictly in your own words
and then cite your ... To avoid this, you can take the existing facts and put them
into your own words ... Use EasyBib.com to cite your sources in the proper format.
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own
words. ... You'll find guidelines for citing sources and punctuating citations at our
... Anytime you are taking information from a source that is not your own, you
need to ... The following is a sample essay you can practice quoting,
paraphrasing, and ...
This handout explains what plagiarism is and outlines steps students can follow
to ... You make these distinctions in a written paper by citing the sources for your
... In order to make sure you are paraphrasing in the first place, take notes from ...
with the book closed to ensure that you are putting the ideas into your own words.
Many of these rules have to do with research and proper citation. ... (Purdue
University students will want to make sure that they are familiar with Purdue's ...
BUT. Use your own words and your own voice ... to write your paper for you; and
copying large sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper
Citing Sources in Oral Presentations. Well developed ... It is essential that when
you use outside research that you in- clude an oral reference to the work being
referenced. ... You can also note when large sections of your presentation come.
Then take steps to avoid committing either accidental or intentional plagiarism. ...
you must acknowledge the source and include a citation that will tell your readers
where ... of phrasing from the original or using the ideas without proper citation.
By employing these strategies, you can help encourage students to value the ...
to cheat on papers, you can take steps to prevent cheating by attacking the
causes. ... assignment and the proper citation of sources in a positive light (more
below). ... In addition to a definition, though, you should discuss with your
students the ....
As a student you will need to understand the general principles to apply when
citing sources and take steps to avoid plagiarism. Many universities use Cite ... | 599 | [
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Andrija Hebrang (son) FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more!
Who is Andrija Hebrang? Biography, gossip, facts?
Andrija Hebrang (born 27 January 1946) is a Croatian physician and politician. A member of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) he is currently member of the Croatian Parliament. A physician by vocation Hebrang had served three terms as Croatia's Minister of Health (1990-1992 1993-1998 and 2003-2005) and spent three months as Minister of Defence (May-October 1998) under six different Prime Ministers.
When is Andrija Hebrang's birthday?
Andrija Hebrang was born on the 27th of January 1946 , which was a Sunday. Andrija Hebrang will be turning 75 in only 96 days from today.
How old is Andrija Hebrang?
Andrija Hebrang is 74 years old. To be more precise (and nerdy), the current age as of right now is 27035 days or (even more geeky) 648840 hours. That's a lot of hours!
Are there any books, DVDs or other memorabilia of Andrija Hebrang? Is there a Andrija Hebrang action figure?
We would think so. You can find a collection of items related to Andrija Hebrang right here.
What is Andrija Hebrang's zodiac sign and horoscope?
Andrija Hebrang's zodiac sign is Aquarius.
The ruling planets of Aquarius are Saturn and Uranus. Therefore, Andrija Hebrang's lucky days are Sundays and Saturdays and lucky numbers are: 4, 8, 13, 17, 22 and 26. Blue, Blue-green, Grey and Black are Andrija Hebrang's lucky colors. Typical positive character traits of Aquarius include: Legitimacy, Investigative spirit and Pleasing personality. Negative character traits could be: Inconsistency, Disinclination and Detachment.
Is Andrija Hebrang gay or straight?
We don't know for a fact whether Andrija Hebrang is gay, bisexual or straight. However, feel free to tell us what you think! Vote by clicking below.
0% of all voters think that Andrija Hebrang is gay (homosexual), 0% voted for straight (heterosexual), and 0% like to think that Andrija Hebrang is actually bisexual.
Is Andrija Hebrang still alive? Are there any death rumors?
Yes, according to our best knowledge, Andrija Hebrang is still alive. And no, we are not aware of any death rumors. However, we don't know much about Andrija Hebrang's health situation.
Where was Andrija Hebrang born?
Andrija Hebrang was born in Belgrade, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Is Andrija Hebrang hot or not?
Well, that is up to you to decide! Click the "HOT"-Button if you think that Andrija Hebrang is hot, or click "NOT" if you don't think so.
0% of all voters think that Andrija Hebrang is hot, 0% voted for "Not Hot".
When did Andrija Hebrang retire? When did Andrija Hebrang end the active career?
Andrija Hebrang retired on the 12th of August 1992, which is more than 28 years ago. The date of Andrija Hebrang's retirement fell on a Wednesday.
When did Andrija Hebrang's career start? How long ago was that?
Andrija Hebrang's career started on the 30th of May 1990, which is more than 30 years ago. The first day of Andrija Hebrang's career was a Wednesday.
Does Andrija Hebrang do drugs? Does Andrija Hebrang smoke cigarettes or weed?
It is no secret that many celebrities have been caught with illegal drugs in the past. Some even openly admit their drug usuage. Do you think that Andrija Hebrang does smoke cigarettes, weed or marijuhana? Or does Andrija Hebrang do steroids, coke or even stronger drugs such as heroin? Tell us your opinion below.
0% of the voters think that Andrija Hebrang does do drugs regularly, 0% assume that Andrija Hebrang does take drugs recreationally and 0% are convinced that Andrija Hebrang has never tried drugs before.
Which university did Andrija Hebrang attend?
Andrija Hebrang attended a few different universities. These are the ones we know of: School of Medicine University of Zagreb and University of Zagreb.
Who are similar office holders to Andrija Hebrang?
Ben-Collins Ndu, Tom Kovach, David G. Greenfield, Shartai Jaafar Abdel Hakam and Ronald Sandack are office holders that are similar to Andrija Hebrang. Click on their names to check out their FAQs.
What is Andrija Hebrang doing now?
Supposedly, 2020 has been a busy year for Andrija Hebrang (son). However, we do not have any detailed information on what Andrija Hebrang is doing these days. Maybe you know more. Feel free to add the latest news, gossip, official contact information such as mangement phone number, cell phone number or email address, and your questions below.
Are there any photos of Andrija Hebrang's hairstyle or shirtless?
What is Andrija Hebrang's net worth in 2020? How much does Andrija Hebrang earn?
According to various sources, Andrija Hebrang's net worth has grown significantly in 2020. However, the numbers vary depending on the source. If you have current knowledge about Andrija Hebrang's net worth, please feel free to share the information below.
As of today, we do not have any current numbers about Andrija Hebrang's net worth in 2020 in our database. If you know more or want to take an educated guess, please feel free to do so above. | 1,348 | [
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] |
How rapidly do rabbits reproduce? At five to six months of age, does are mature and may breed. They can continue to produce young for four years. Pregnancy lasts 31 days in the rabbit, and each doe may produce between one and twelve young. Within a few days after giving delivery, she may get pregnant again.
How quickly can two rabbits reproduce? Rabbit gestation lasts 28-31 days, and since they are induced ovulators, mother rabbits may be re-pregnant minutes after giving birth. This implies that if mother is continually accompanied by a male rabbit, she may theoretically produce one litter each month.
How many times a day do rabbits mate? Young bucks may mate as early as 5 or 6 months of age, but they should begin mating gradually. It is suggested, however, that no more than one mating per day be conducted on each guy, since the second ejaculation often includes much more sperm.
How Quickly Do Rabbits Reproduce – RELATED QUESTIONS
How long should a male and female rabbit be left alone?
If you choose not to spay the female rabbit, you must keep the male and female rabbits apart for at least six weeks after the male’s neutering. This might be a problem if you have previously purchased both rabbits. Otherwise, you must keep them apart for at least six weeks.
When do rabbits give birth?
They breed between February and September, with a peak in March and May. Gestation lasts 28 to 30 days, and each litter produces four to six young. Rabbits typically produce three litters every year. Female excavates a shallow pit around the size of a woman’s palm.
A rabbit has how many litters every year?
Rabbits also have a short gestation period, between 25 and 28 days, which allows them to produce many litters each year. Eastern cottontail rabbits produce between one and seven litters per year, with an average of three or four litters per year, according to Animal Diversity Web.
Male rabbits are reproductive for how long?
Between 8 and 12 weeks of age, a male rabbit may become reproductive. However, he should not be permitted to reproduce for at least six months. This is to ensure that he matures properly and reaches maturity.
How do I care for my rabbit after it gives birth?
Why do rabbits die after mating?
After mating, a male rabbit falls off due to a systematic tensing and releasing of his muscles. The bucks muscles get more stiff during mating, and at successful mating, all of those muscles clench entirely and then totally release, allowing the rabbit to fall off.
How quickly can you determine if a rabbit is pregnant?
How can I determine if a rabbit is pregnant? Pregnancy is not usually visible in rabbits. Indeed, you may not see a rabbit is pregnant until only a day or two before she gives birth, when she begins preparing for delivery by constructing a nest from of her bedding material and own hair.
How long does it take a rabbit to give birth?
In rabbits, the first and second phases of labor occur virtually concurrently, and parturition normally lasts 30 minutes (7). Kits are frequently born in the early morning and are classified as altricial because to their lack of hair and helplessness, as well as their eyes and ears being closed (2,4).
Do rabbits give birth to all their offspring simultaneously?
What is the maximum number of pups that a rabbit can have in a litter? Rabbits have an average litter size of five, yet moms may give birth to as few as one or as many as twelve! Due to the rapid growth of young bunnies, “doe” rabbits may have three or four litters every season.
How can you determine when a rabbit has completed its gestation period?
When you know the last time your doe was in touch with a male, count ahead 40 days; if it has been more than 40 days, your rabbit is most likely not pregnant. If it’s been about a month and you spot the doe constructing a nest of straw, paper, or breast hair, she may be about to push out several baby bunnies.
Can two pregnant rabbits coexist?
It is feasible to maintain two pregnant rabbits together, if there is sufficient room. Mothers, on the other hand, should connect with one another before to becoming pregnant.
Is it possible for a pregnant rabbit to mate?
If you want for your bunnies to continue mating while she is pregnant, provide sufficient time for them to recuperate. Without a doubt, the finest spot for a male and female who are pregnant or want to have additional children is in your garden! They may still mate infrequently after giving birth to offspring.
How can you determine which bunny is the dominant one?
A simple technique to determine which of your bunnies is dominant is to observe them grooming one another. Typically, the dominant animal grooms far less often and for much shorter durations than the subordinate. Often, the dominant rabbit will shove their head towards the other.
What should you do if a rabbit gives birth in your yard?
Generally, baby rabbits discovered alone in a nest are not orphans. If a nest has been disrupted, reassemble it and re-cover the babies with the grass that covered them initially. Place many strands of yarn (or tiny branches) in a grid arrangement over the nest to see whether the mother is coming to care for them.
What are your options if you come upon newborn bunnies in your yard?
If you come upon a nest of newborn bunnies, you should leave them alone and exit the area immediately. If you disrupt a nest accidently, put on gloves and gently reintroduce rabbits to their nest or the approximate area where you discovered them.
What if a young rabbit perishes in its nest?
Reintroduce the babies (if they have been picked up and handled) and attempt to locate the grass/fur drape that first concealed them. Cover them with it or, if it has been damaged, shred some dry grass and conceal the infants as best you can. Keep your distance from any nest for no longer than necessary.
Do rabbits consume their young?
Rabbits have been known to consume their own young. This is more likely to occur if your pet is nervous, deficient in dietary protein, or has developed an overwhelming sense of territoriality. In the days before the birth of her kits, feed your rabbit Alfalfa hay.
Is it possible for a rabbit to have babies days apart?
Pregnancy lasts 31 days in the rabbit, and each doe may produce between one and twelve young. Within a few days after giving delivery, she may get pregnant again.
Are rabbits capable of mating with their siblings?
Rabbit breeders often practice linebreeding or breeding related rabbits. Rabbit breeders often couple siblings or family members to retain their unique lineage and to filter out and cure genetic faults. Fathers and daughters, mothers and sons, uncles and aunts are the most frequent pairings.
How can you determine whether a male rabbit is mate-ready?
How long do feral newborn rabbits remain with their mother?
Baby rabbits often remain with their mother for four to eight weeks when nursing; wild rabbits stay for four weeks maximum, while farmed rabbits may stay up to eight weeks.
Do rabbits shave their fur after birth?
A female rabbit will use hair from her dewlap, breast, and sides to line the nest as kindling (giving birth) approaches. This is probably the most visible reason of excessive grooming, since the hair is immediately deposited into a nest. Nesting is a natural and temporary occurrence. | 1,597 | [
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] |
As it stands, there are more sugar babies than sugar daddies on dating sites. Even worse, hundreds of new sugar babies are joining the race for the already insufficient sugar daddies.
As a result, a couple of tricks must be employed in the race to finding the right sugar daddy. These tricks are seemingly obvious but can make all the difference if utilized well.
Profiles carry out two main tasks: attracting attention and encouraging a potential sugar daddy to further examine their profile. The first task is carried out by the profile picture. The latter task is a responsibility of profile headline and details. If you are to win the sugar daddy you desire, learn all that goes into creating the best profile.
Why would a sugar daddy forego all other sugar babies for you? He would only do that if there is more to be gained from dating you. Make him see that reason. For example, you can advertise your knowledge for politics, business, travel destinations and such. You can also advertise your therapeutic skills, which will guarantee freedom from all his mental troubles.
If I am a sugar daddy, there will be obvious things I will expect to hear from sugar babies, such as a love for finer things, being fun-loving, maybe being broke. Go the extra mile. Rather than telling it directly, introduce a quick adventure that shows how much you enjoy having fun.
Suspense makes the sugar daddy want to meet you and get the rest of your story. First, choose listed over prose formats when introducing your favorites and attributes. To create suspense, try sentences like, “I think the Statue of Liberty is overrated compared to the Eiffel tower because…” or “there are higher chances of making it in Silicon Valley than Wall Street since…” and continue on.
A sugar daddy is unlikely to persist if an initial message goes unanswered. Make sure to keep following up on any new winks you may have received. You can also take the fight to them. If particular qualities in a certain profile have caught your eye, try attracting the owner’s attention however you can.
From the very first contact message, ensure that the sugar daddy is up to date with your requirements. Be as honest as you can about yourself. As advantageous as a bit of flirting may be, it can also push him away. Maintain simplicity without being too predictable.
Dedicate your first messages and dates to learning more about each other. Some sugar babies are so eager to discussing the allowance issue. Save that till a bond has developed between you two.
Understand that a majority of sugar daddies will be expecting sexual favors. Unless you are comfortable with that, don’t take further steps into the relationship.
Know that you don’t have to breach what you believe in just because dating a sugar daddy demands so. With thousands of other potential sugar daddies, chances are that you will still find another better one.
Sugar daddies are mostly looking for a person they can dump their mental troubles onto. This means that you will have to find a person with traits that you can relate to.
You may have a better shot with married or divorced men. Veteran sugar babies say that sugar daddies who have had a taste of the marriage life make better sugar daddies.
Your services will determine what you get. Sugar daddies become more generous as you prove worth. It’s important that you look for a sugar daddy you will not be forced to please.
Companionship and sex are the two most important requirements of the arrangement. If you can’t get comfortable offering or receiving either from a potential sugar daddy, just terminate it.
The society might not be that willing to see the sense or morality in your decision to date a man for his money. You will have to decide whether to keep it a secret or forego the decision.
Lastly, different types of sugar daddies get along the best with different types of sugar babies. Learn about these types.
You probably have come across success stories from sugar babies. You may also have had an encounter with all sorts of theories on how dating a sugar daddy can make you rich.
The fact is that you will leave a relationship with a sugar daddy more desperate if you date the wrong one. Chances are, you will wasted your time, not to mention the frustration of having failed in the venture.
At worst, you may find yourself in the circles of malicious or fake sugar daddies with bad intentions.
If the full benefits of dating a sugar daddy are to be enjoyed, you will want to take your time finding the right one for you. Otherwise, the sugar baby success stories you have been told will remain stories.
Where can you find the right sugar daddy?
Gone are the days where sugar daddy dating involved the tedium of traditional dating.
Today, online sugar daddy dating websites have changed the rules of the game. The best place to find and arrange a date with the right sugar daddy is online. All you have to do is research the best genuine sugar daddy dating websites. | 1,052 | [
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I'll never forget my first month in the medium care when I was paged to assist in the ER. someone shoved a huge plastic easter egg up there and was surprised he couldn't get it out. Like yea man, who knew that an object with one pointy side and one wide side could enter easier than pass??
Either way things ended pretty poorly for him and he had to get surgery and stayed at our unit for a few days. He wanted to save the X rays to send them as an easter card to his friends next year. What a legend. | 117 | [
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First of all, make an appointment with your son's teacher. Good communication between home and school will be key to his progress. Describe your son to the teacher as you see him at home, and let her know how your son behaves when he becomes frustrated and doesn't understand something. Let the teacher know about any approaches that might be effective in getting your son to ask for help. The teacher might in turn be able to give you insight into your son from a different perspective, and she may have her own ideas about how to help him. The important thing is to open the lines of communication. You and the teacher are a team. The more information you give the teacher, the better equipped she will be to teach your child and to encourage him to be more assertive.
Secondly, encourage your child to become involved in a leisure-time activity of his choosing. Find out what your son's real interests are, and sign him up for lessons, a team, or a club. It isn't necessary for your son to do what all of the other kids are doing just because it's popular. But it is particularly important for shy children to pursue extra-curricular interests because it gives them confidence in their own abilities and practice in social situations. Your son might be reluctant to participate in an activity because he is not sure what to do or feels inadequate. By participating in an activity he likes, he will gradually learn that he has talents and can feel more comfortable with others. | 299 | [
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August Anomalies ...
Commercial Agriculture/University of Missouri Extension
August is a period that we like to refer to as the summer doldrums or dog days of summer, where the monotony of hot and humid weather conditions have all of us yearning for a change in the weather. Every once in a while, however, Mother Nature likes to throw a curve ball, and surprise us with some unusual or extreme weather, even during what we consider our most mundane time of year.
August is typically a month when Missouri experiences the fewest tornadoes with only 39 documented tornadoes reported since 1950. With the exception of one, all August tornadoes have been classified as weak, causing little property damage and no casualties. The notable exception was a tornado that occurred in Sedalia during the early morning hours of August 20, 1952. It was the 50th anniversary of the Missouri State Fair, when a strong tornado roared through the fairgrounds at 1:20 a.m. The tornado's path was one mile long and 300 yards wide, centered on the midway area, where one carnival employee was killed. Additionally, 13 people were injured in the fairgrounds as it caused extensive damage to numerous buildings. Damage estimates, at the time, were over 1 million dollars.
Rainfall during August usually arrives in the form of scattered thunderstorm activity during the heat of the afternoon. Average August precipitation over Missouri ranges from 3.5 to 4 inches, but there have been years when much more, or less, rain has fallen during the month. The wettest August occurred in 1915 when an average of 8.21 inches fell across the state. With regard to the most rain ever recorded during August, that dubious distinction goes to a rural northeastern community located in Scotland county. In August of 1970, Memphis, MO received 21.96 inches of rain with over a foot falling during the first 8 days of the month!
Alternatively, in 1909, the average statewide rainfall was a paltry 0.60" for the month making it the driest August on record for Missouri. There have been a few locations in the state that have recorded no rain during the month of August, especially during the years 1909, 1913, 1936, 1953, 1984 and 2000.
Even though the dog days of summer have a tendency to be uneventful, it's apparent that is not always the case. | 483 | [
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Animated Chemical Bonding
Learners demonstrate their understanding of a chemical process. In this exploratory lesson students create a clay animation that shows how a specific type of chemical bond.
8th - 11th Science 29 Views 102 Downloads
The Periodic Table, Electrons, and Chemical Bonds
Four activities immerse beginning chemists into the world of elements. They examine the periodic table, use cobalt hydroxide to learn about chemical formulae and valence electrons. Also, they name binary compounds and examine the...
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What Triggers a Chemical Reaction?
Chemical reactions are happening all around us every second of every day, but what exactly causes these changes to occur? Using easy-to-understand analogies, this video explains how the concepts of enthalpy and entropy determine the ways...
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How to Unboil an Egg
If you believe hard boiling an egg to be an irreversible process, then think again! Take a few minutes to watch this fun video as it explores the process for unboiling an egg and learn about the applications this process may have in the...
4 mins 6th - 12th Science CCSS: Adaptable | 260 | [
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] |
Today we’ll wrap up our examination of the Alien and Sedition Acts by looking at the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. Authored by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson respectively, the resolutions argued that the Federal government had exceeded its authority under the Constitution and that states had the power to nullify unconstitutional Federal laws. These resolutions violated the supremacy clause of the Constitution: “this Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land.” By challenging the supremacy of Federal laws as a result of the Alien and Sedition Acts, Jefferson and Madison undermined the Constitution and set the stage for similar acts in the future.
In December 1798, the Virginia state legislature passed the Virginia Resolution in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. Written by James Madison, the Resolution warned that if the Federal government engaged in a “deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of their powers” individual states “are in duty, bound to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil.” Madison declared that the states were obligated to check the power of the Federal government if it exceeded its constitutionally mandated authority. The Resolution also lamented that “a spirit has in sundry instances, been manifested by the Federal government, to enlarge its powers by forced constructions of the constitutional charter that defines them.” The enlarging of these powers, Madison warned would be “to transform the present republican system of the United States, into an absolute, or at best a mixed monarchy.”
In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Kentucky passed two different resolutions. Thomas Jefferson wrote the first Kentucky Resolution in 1798. In 1799, the Kentucky legislature passed a second resolution (its author is unclear) arguing that states “being sovereign and independent, have the unquestionable right to judge of its infraction; and that a nullification, by those sovereignties, of all unauthorized acts done under colour of that instrument is the rightful remedy.” In other words, the states had the right to nullify (or set aside) Federal laws that the states judged to be unconstitutional. The Resolution also declared that “the alien and sedition laws, are in their opinion, palpable violations of the said constitution.” In the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, Madison and Jefferson had declared that the states had the right to challenge the supremacy of Federal laws and even nullify them.
The Alien and Sedition Acts and the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were remarkable in another way as well. The law had prompted Jefferson to deliberately undermine the power and authority of the presidency, while serving as vice president. The efforts of the two founders of the Democratic-Republican party echoed throughout American history. George Washington believed the resolutions had the potential to destroy the United States. In 1832, John C. Calhoun, the South Carolina politician and slavery apologist, used the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions to nullify two tariffs enacted by Andrew Jackson. In the 1850s, Northern states passed laws declaring that the Fugitive Slave Act was null and void. The Alien and Sedition Acts helped create a dangerous precedent for states to undermine the power of the Federal government.
Copy of the text of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: http://billofrightsinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/VirginiaKentuckyResolutions.pdf | 716 | [
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If you’ve been gardening for some time, (or read our recent article on goldfish plants) then you may have heard the term epiphytes. Epiphytes are a certain type of plant, and growing them requires understanding how they grow naturally. In this article we’ll look at exactly what epiphytes are, look at some common varieties you might want to grow indoors, and go over some care tips specific to this category of plant.
What Are Epiphytes
Epiphytes are plants that do not place roots in the ground, but instead grow on the surface of a host plant. Epiphytes are most often found in rainforests around the world where growing on the side of trees has some distinct advantages. It helps them get more light, makes them more accessible to insects for pollination, and helps their seeds catch the wind better to spread further.
An important note is that the relationship between the epiphytes is not a parasitic one. The epiphyte doesn’t get its nutrients from its host, and simply coexists peacefully. That’s to say the epiphytic doesn’t harm its host plant.
This type of growth also means that the majority of the plant’s nutrients comes from the air and not its roots. This makes caring for them a bit different than traditional, soil grown plants.
What Plants Are Epiphytes
You may be surprised to find out that you already have some epiphytes in your garden. Epiphytes are often referred to as “airplants”, and these are popular among many indoor gardeners. Here’s a couple more popular plants that are epiphytes.
Orchids: Many varieties of orchids are epiphytes. These tend to spend their entire growing life on their host plant.
Ferns: Not all ferns, but certain varieties like the bird’s nest fern are epiphyte plants.
Cacti: Certain cacti and succulents are also epiphyte plants.
Goldfish Plant: A beautiful and unique bloon, and also an epiphyte plant.
Fungi: Lots of fungi and certain mosses are epiphytic plants.
That’s just a small sampling, there are thousands more. Estimates put the total worldwide at over 30,000 varieties, so there’s certainly no shortage of these plants.
Epiphytes Care Tips
As noted above, epiphytes don’t grow in soil and instead latch onto a host plant. This changes the care a little bit, and requires you as the gardener to change how you provide your plant its nutrients.
As they don’t have long roots in the soil to absorb water, many of these plants will get their water from the air and their leaves. You’ll notice that many of these plants have cup shaped leaves which helps them catch water.
When watering, look to water the leaves more than the soil. These plants are naturally looking to capture water from their leaves and are built for it.
You also want to avoid having overly wet soil. There still will be some root growth into your potted soil, and this remaining overly moist can harm your plant.
Despite growing on other plants naturally, we can still grow epiphytes in soil and this is often done for indoor plants. That said, we need to make sure that we’re using the correct soil that mimics their natural environment.
You’ll want to look for soil that is filled with organic matter and is very well draining. Orchid soil is a good example of this as it has lots of larger bits you wouldn’t find in traditional potting soil. These types of soil tend to have lots of large pieces of bark and other organic matter. This helps mimic the natural environment of the plant, and provides material for its roots to latch onto.
While these plants tend to grow below the forest canopy they are still usually quite light hungry. This canopy protects them from the brightest light though, so you’ll generally want to provide lots of bright but in-direct light.
Another important aspect is the humidity. Being jungle plants, they are usually used to environments that are very high in humidity.
You should look to do your best to provide a humid environment for your plant to grow. An easy way to do this is to simply mist your plant everyday.
This is an important step as your plant will get a lot of its moisture from the air. A humidity level that is too low is likely to lead to weak and brittle plants. You also want to provide good air circulation. Lack of air circulation can lead to a lack of humidity, which can in turn lead to weak growth in your plant.
Growing Epiphytes Indoors
Epiphytes include a huge range of plants, many of which are commonly grown indoors. Hopefully learning a bit about how they grow in nature will help you take better care of your own plants. Understanding the natural environment for any plant is key to providing it with proper care. The more you learn, the better your garden will ultimately be. | 1,088 | [
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Context: International student-athletes (ISAs) are a unique population that must overcome challenges associated both with being an international student as well as with being a student-athlete(Bradley, 2000; Bentzinger, 2016). These challenges include the increased likelihood of injury and the subsequent need for healthcare. Athletic trainers are responsible for providing and coordinating healthcare for student-athletes when it is needed. In order to provide high-quality care, it is important that they understand the unique values and experiences of each individual athlete (Unruh, 1998).
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine how cultural factors and past experience impact health behavior in international student-athletes.
Findings: ISAs come from a variety of different backgrounds. All grew up with. families that provided them with the support they needed to develop into competitive athletes. Most ISAs move to the U.S for the opportunity of pursuing an education while continuing their athletic career. When competing in collegiate athletes, ISAs develop a fear of becoming injured. This is driven by the threat of lost playing time, jeopardizes their ability to earn a scholarship, as well as the need to navigate a healthcare system with which they are unfamiliar. ISAs lack an understanding of the healthcare system, and hold the perception that American healthcare is unaffordable. The fear of these consequences of injury serve as a source of anxiety for ISAs.
Adams, Alison, "Health Behavior in International Student-Athletes" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2147. | 316 | [
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As of this month, I am so pleased and excited to have John Beckworth as the 87th Texas Exes board president.
John jumped in feet first last week with a staff luncheon and past presidents’ dinner. The dinner was a great opportunity for John to get sage advice from previous Texas Exes board presidents.
John outlined his goals for the year, including growing the Forty Acres Scholars Program. He also plans to better define and utilize the various committees within the Texas Exes, as well as to strengthen our relationships not only across campus but also with the Board of Regents.
John, BA ’80, JD ’83, Life Member, is a double UT grad who has been practicing law since 1983. In 1994, he started his own firm. Five years after launching his practice, he won the Outstanding Young Texas Exes Award.
Today, he concentrates his practice in international and domestic arbitration and commercial litigation, including energy and employment law.
John and his wife, Laura, JD ’83, Life Member, live in Houston. They have three sons: William, Carter, and John.
We look forward to an exciting year with John at the helm.
| 247 | [
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P2011DSC07328 The foreshore of the Exe in Exmouth. P2011DSC07331 Road / rail vehicles in Exmouth.
Description This was a very pleasant stroll around the River Exe, mostly following paths with very little road walking. The going was level with very little ascent or descent, especially on the western side of the estuary.
Condition I feel absolutely fine after this stroll; sadly Sencan's feet suffered a great deal during the day.
Weather Today's weather was far from perfect. It started of grey, with clouds that threatened rain at any time. The wind was chilly when we were exposed to it, but it was surprisingly warm for the time of year. Later on it started to drizzle lightly, but the breeze blew it into our faces and forced us to put our coats on.
P2011DSC07337 A train on the Exmouth Branch. P2011DSC07342 A storm drain to the north of Exmouth.
P2011DSC07346 A bench on the Exe Estuary Trail. P2011DSC07358 The foreshore in Lympstone.
Sencan and I wanted to do another walk after yesterday's rather pleasant walk along the South West Coat Path to Exmouth, and the only problem was which stretch to do. Technically the trail does not go around the Exe estuary, and instead uses the ferry to cross the river to reach Starcross on the western bank. However Sencan was keen to walk around the estuary as I did on my coastal walk. We therefore ate a hearty meal, got our kit together and set off from the hotel down the hill into Exmouth.
Exmouth's bus and rail stations are frankly a dump; concrete monstrosities that are an ill-fitting welcome for what is actually a rather pleasant seaside resort. We did not pause in the town and instead headed out along a road between the estuary and the railway on the right. A number of bright-yellow road-rail machines were lined up alongside the tracks; these had obviously been doing some work somewhere on the branch line. I was particularly pleased to see a couple of dozers with laser-controlled levelling blades, a pleasure I am sure Sencan did not share.
Sadly the tide was out, meaning that the views were over mudflats rather than glittering estuarine waters. However there would be little glittering today as the clouds had well and truly gathered. As light rain was forecast for later we had both set off with our coats on, although Sencan was soon to remove hers.
When I did this walk in 2003 I followed footpaths alongside the railway line to Lympstone, and then roads past the Commando barracks to reach the river bridge at Countess Wear. However a new cycle path had been constructed since then as part of a trail around the estuary. Initially we followed a path that was jammed between the estuary and the railway line, but this soon ended and we were forced to cross the railway and join the cycle path. This was far wider and better than I expected, and several stretches were wide enough to drive a vehicle down. It seemed fairly well used despite the poor weather with many people cycling or walking past.
At first there were stretches of footpath on the other side of the railway line, but the cycle path seemed to be a much easier route. Eventually it ended at a road which dived under the railway line and climbed to enter the village of Lympstone. We diverted off the trail to find some toilets in a car park - the men's conveniences were in a frankly disgusting state, although the women's were apparently much better. Sexism at work, or are women just cleaner? ?
On my trip in 2002 I had been forced to follow the road north from Lympstone, but a good cycle path now headed north alongside the railway line. Some stretches of the path were raised on a wide, heavily-engineered boardwalk above what I assumed was a stream below. It was all rather well - and possibly expensively - engineered, as if vehicles were allowed to use it for access. A high fence to the right protected Hutwell Court from view but this was soon replaced by forbidding fences that guarded the Commando training facility at Lympstone. There were three fences of varying ages, the older one basic and the newer ones much more formidable and topped with razor wire.
The station at Lympstone Commando is only open to people who have business at the base, which felt odd as the cycle path now passes between the railway line and the base, meaning that the soldiers and staff have to cross a public path to reach the base. I know a couple of people who have the aim of travelling to (and disembarking from) every train station in the UK, and I wonder how they dealt with private stations such as this. Further on we could see parts of an assault course that looked both exciting and frightening, with some obstacles seeming rather daunting. I prefer my exercise slightly less energetic.
A short distance further on we reached Exton station, and the cycle path diverted away from the railway line to follow roads through the small village. The roads led back to the railway line, from where another stretch of cycle path soon was joined. The railway line had arc lights lying on the ground beside it - obviously a sign of the work being done on the line by the machines I had seen at Exmouth. The railway bridge over the River Clyst was festooned in blue netting, another sign of the work. Sadly we did not get a good view of the bridge as the cycle path diverted inland, passing a boatyard on the left that contained fibreglass moulds for large hulls.
The cycle path ended at a road which we had to follow into Topsham. Sencan decided to take another layer off and I started humming the tune to 'the stipper' as she waved a fleece around her head. His was possibly not the best thing to do beside a busy road. The road crosses the Clyst on an attractive bridge of many low stone arches, but a new cycle bridge alongside it was a safer route even if it is still rather new and had yet to weather in appropriately; with time it will become a good addition to the landscape.
A looping road took the path over the railway line and down into Topsham, which is a rather stunning village with lots of old houses and low doorways. We strode on through the centre of the village and passed the landing for another ferry service across the river; sadly this had finished running for the year and so we were left to plod on. On the northern outskirts of the village we decided to leave the cycle path and instead take a tidal path alongside the estuary. Initially this was easy going but it became harder as the thunderous noise of the M5 started to intrude. Lines of damp driftwood and flotsam showed that the trail often floods at high tide, but fortunately the tide was currently well out. After passing under the ugly bridge that carries the M5 overhead we crossed a rather boggy area before reaching an area of reeds, where the going became drier and easier.
Soon a road was reached in Countess Wear, and this took us on to reach the A379 road. Soon we crossed the bridge over the River Exe; in 1944 this was used to practice the assault on the Pegasus Bridge in Caen, the first bridge to be captured by the Allies on D-Day. A smaller bridge led over the Exeter Canal, where we then left the road to follow a good surfaced path beside the canal. A rather noxious smell flowed over from the sewage works on the other side of the river, and no sooner was the stench left behind than it was replaced with the roar of traffic on the M5 bridge.
Sencan was starting to struggle a little, the hard tarmac surface playing havoc with her feet. She has often suffered with problems with her feet on walks, something that several pairs of new boots have not helped. Sadly these problems generally start a long distance into a walk, which means that the boots feel fine on shorter test walks. We stopped off beside the ferry landing of the Topsham ferry so she could take her boots off and apply some tape to her toes; whilst she did this I went for a stroll to see a couple and three dogs clambering into a rubber dinghy on the slipway. This seemed a rather large load for a small boat, but they soon drifted away down river.
We stopped once more at the Turf Hotel, which is situated at the sea lock of the Exeter Canal. It is virtually in the middle of nowhere and I was more than a little surprised to see that it was open. We went in and found to our joy that they were still serving food - we ordered some toasted sandwiches that turned out to be delicious and by far the tastiest food that we have had on this trip. Even better, it was remarkably cheap.
It started raining as we left the hotel and headed south along the sea wall. The rain seemed to be coming straight into our faces, and although it was not too heavy it was enough to make me glad that I had my coat on. Cloud and mist obscured the views over the estuary meaning that what should have been a wonderful waterside stroll was rather grey and ugly. After crossing the railway line the path reached a minor road near Powderham church - at least it should have been minor, but a large coach was having some difficulty negotiating the sharp bend beside the church. The stately home of Powderham Castle could be seen at one point, although this was little more than a small speck on the hillside.
Sencan was suffering once more as we headed south, and we gave up all hope of progressing to Dawlish and instead chose to concentrate on reaching the station at Starcross. We reached the platform just as a train's doors were closing and it accelerated away as we approached - another thirty seconds and we would have caught it. Instead we wiped the rain off some seats in the shelter and sat down to wait an hour for the next train. I got bored after a while and went to explore the area and take some photos of the old pumping station, a symbol of Brunel's ill-fated scheme to create an atmospheric railway. The ferry across the estuary to Exmouth would have been an ideal way of getting back to our hotel, but it had stopped running at the end of the previous month.
P2011DSC07361 Lympstone. P2011DSC07366 Following the cycle path north from Lympstone.
This walk starts off at the Fernside Hotel in Exmouth, which is situated on the junction of Dagmar Road and Rolle Road at SY004805. The first paragraph of these notes describes the route to Exmouth station, which might be a better starting place for some people. Start following the B3178 road northwestwards downhill towards the centre of the town; pass some bus stops and follow the road as it curves to the right to end at a roundabout. Turn left down Imperial Road and make sure you are on the right-hand side of the road, where a path leads to an underpass under the A376 road. Once under the road turn right and climb some steps to reach road level. Head straight on, crossing an entrance road to the bus station on the left to reach Exmouth railway station. Go between the railway and bus stations to reach the station car park at SX999811.
Turn left and head through the car park towards the riverfront. When this ends at a T-junction with The Royal Avenue turn right to follow the road northwards alongside the river's foreshore. Pass a car park on the right, and when this ends go through a clapper gate and continue along a path with the river to the left. The path splits at SX999818; here turn right along a path that heads uphill past some scrubland on the right. It then descends to reach a junction; turn right to reach a clapper gate that leads onto the railway line. Carefully cross the railway line and go through another clapper gate on the other side. Once across the line turn left along a surfaced path that soon reaches Carter Avenue at SY000819.
Turn left and follow Carter Avenue as it immediately curves to the right to cross a large storm drain. Immediately after crossing the drain, the road curves to the left to parallel first the drain and later the railway line on the left. When the public road ends continue on along a driveway that has frequent passing places. As the driveway curves to the right turn left to join a cycle path. The path eventually crosses a bridge over a stream, with a railway bridge off to the left; after a mile it ends at Sowden Lane to the south of Lympstone at SX991836.
Turn left to join the road and follow it as it immediately passes under a railway bridge. On the other side it turns to the right and winds around for a third of a mile before passing the Swan Inn to reach Lympstone railway station. Just before the bridge that carries the railway line over the road, turn left up the station approach. Pass the station car park and take a ramp off to the left that carries the cycle path up to the top of an overbridge. Once at the top, turn right to cross the bridge and then turn left to head down a slope with the railway line to the left. At the bottom go through some gates and pass under a footbridge.
The path continues on, squeezing between the railway line to the left and the Commando base to the right. About 1.3 miles after Lympstone station the path curves to the right and crosses a bridge over a ditch to reach a road near Exton station at SX981863. Turn right to follow the road uphill, passing the Puffing Billy pub on the left. Shortly afterwards the road curves to the right; as it does so turn left to head north along Exton Lane. After a quarter of a mile the road curves to the right; as it does so continue straight on along another road called Green Lane. Follow this as it heads downhill past houses for a sixth of a mile, and then turn left along a surfaced track that leads back towards the railway line. After a short distance turn right down another cycle path.
The cycle path curves to the left and soon the right to resume paralleling the railway line on the left. After 0.4 miles the path reaches the southern edge of the River Clyst, with a large railway bridge ahead. Here the cycle path curves to the right with the river to the left. This then turns to the right and reaches two gates. Head straight on past the entrance to a boat yard and a house on the left before turning left. The cycle path passes between two cottages and at a gateway; here turn right down a narrow surfaced path. Follow a wall and then a fence on the left to reach a road at SX976882.
Turn left along the road; there is a pavement on the left. It immediately curves to the right and shortly afterwards the left to approach Clyst Bridge over the river. Just before the road bride is reached turn left to cross the river on a wooden pedestrian bridge; the path rejoins the road on the other side of the river and climbs uphill, passing the Bridge Inn on the right. As the road curves to the right turn left down Elm Grove Road. This crosses the railway line on a bridge; after it does so turn right down Monmouth Street. When this ends at a T-junction, turn left along another road for a short distance to reach another T-junction at SX966877.
Here turn right and follow the Strand through Topsham. It passes a car park and an attractive quay on the left. Soon afterwards it curves to the right to pass the Lighter Inn on the right; as it does so turn left down Fore Street and then left down Ferry Road. Continue along this road as it parallels the foreshore and passes the Topsham ferry landing on the left. Buildings soon replace the foreshore on the left, and these are in turn replaced by a playing field. When the road curves to the right at the end of the playing field continue straight on along a path with grass off to the left. Note that the next stretch of path is tidal; if you are concerned about the state of the tide then it would be best to follow the road and cycle path to Lower Wear.
Initially the path passes some grass on the left as it heads towards the M5 bridge ahead. The grass soon ends and the path squeezes between a wall to the right and the foreshore on the left. Some steps lead down to a lower stretch of narrow path before more steps take it up once more. Cross a slipway and drop down to a muddier stretch of path that heads under the M5 bridge. On the other side continue on along the obvious path with the river to the left. The path crosses a concrete bridge over a stream and heads on with reeds on either side, passing under some high-tension power lines on the way.
The path curves to the right and then the left to head up a slope. It passes playing fields on the right; go through a gate to join a surfaced road that heads steeply down for a short distance to end at a T-junction with another road at SX946894. Turn left along this road and follow it as it immediately curves to the right to head northwestwards for a sixth of a mile until it ends at another junction. Here turn left to continue straight on for another couple of hundred yards until the A379 road is reached at SX943896. Turn left to follow the main road downhill; it crosses a bridge over the river and then another over the Exeter Canal.
On the other side of the canal, turn left to follow a surfaced track southeastwards with the canal on the left. It curves around a little, and after a mile passes under the M5 bridge. Carry on with the canal on the left for another 0.7 miles until a swing bridge over the canal is reached at SX962879. The ferry landing for the Topsham Ferry lies on the other side of he bridge, and this is an alternative route across the river. Do not cross the bridge unless you need the ferry and instead head on south with the canal on the left for 1.2 miles until Turf Lock and the adjacent hotel are reached at SX963860.
Keep the lock to the left and continue on; go through a clapper gate and cross some sluices before turning left through a gate to head on along the seawall. Go through a couple of pedestrian gates; 1.1 miles after Turf Lock the path turns to the right to approach a railway line. Go through a gate on the left and head on to the railway line. Carefully cross it and go through a clapper gate on the other side to reach a track. Turn left along this track for 250 yards until it ends at a T-junction with a bend in a road opposite Powderham Church at SX973844.
Continue straight on south along the road, keeping the railway line to the left. After 1.3 miles the road ends at a T-junction with the A379. Just before the junction is reached, turn left to join a surfaced cycle path that soon rejoins the railway line on the left. The cycle path curves to the right to parallel the railway line. When the path ends join the road and pass the Atmospheric Railway pub on the right. Starcross railway station is soon reached on the left at SX976819, where this walk ends.
P2011DSC07369 The secure gateway leading into Limpstone Commando Station. P2011DSC07378 The cycle path heading north from Exton.
This makes a total distance of 15.6 miles, with 611 feet of ascent and 670 feet of descent.
We spent the night at the Fernside Hotel in Exmouth, which is situated on a hill about hald a mile southeast of the town from the railway station, although quite near to the southern coast in the town. It was a pleasant place to spend the night and, although not central, was convenient for the town.
Trains run roughly every hour between Starcross and Exmouth, calling at Exeter on the way. See the National Rail website for more information. During the summer months a ferry runs from a pier beside Starcross station across the Exe towards Exmouth; this should be a great deal quicker than the train.
P2011DSC07382 The new footbridge over the River Clyst in Topsham. P2011DSC07383 The Fisher Bridge Mills in Topsham.
P2011DSC07385 The River Clyst in Topsham. P2011DSC07386 The road bridge over the River Clyst in Topsham.
P2011DSC07390 Topsham. P2011DSC07391 The Exe in Topsham.
P2011DSC07397 Topsham. P2011DSC07399 A plaque on a house in Topsham.
P2011DSC07404 Following the path north alongside the river from Topsham. P2011DSC07408 Following the path north alongside the river from Topsham.
P2011DSC07411 The bridge carrying the M5 over the Exe. P2011DSC07414 A view back towards the bridge carrying the M5 over the Exe.
P2011DSC07415 The path leading into Lower Wear. P2011DSC07424 The lift bridge over the Exeter Canal at Countess Wear.
P2011DSC07430 Tanks in a water treatment plant on the other side of the canal. P2011DSC07433 Following the Exeter Canal southeastwards towards the M5 bridge.
P2011DSC07435 A boat moored on the canal. P2011DSC07444 A building near Topsham Lock.
P2011DSC07445 The swing bridge at Topsham Lock. P2011DSC07447 The path leading down to the Topsham Lock.
P2011DSC07449 Looking across the Exe towards Topsham. P2011DSC07468 Turf Lock and Hotel.
P2011DSC07469 Boats moored at Turf Lock. P2011DSC07470 Turf Lock.
P2011DSC07477 The entrance into Turf Lock. P2011DSC07479 Sencan at Turf Lock.
P2011DSC07489 Heading southeast along the floodbank towards Powderham. P2011DSC07491 Crossing the railway line near Powderham.
P2011DSC07498 Heading south into Starcross. P2011DSC07503 Starcross railway station.
P2011DSC07505 A train at Starcross railway station. P2011DSC07508 Starcross pumping station.
P2011DSC07513 Starcross ferry landing. P2011DSC07529 Sencan on the train back to Exmouth. | 4,843 | [
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Welcome to Montimur Pyreneans
Hover over the dog to find out their name or click to find out more
Our love affair with the breed began in 1995 when we met a 6 month old Pyrenean puppy in Crewe town centre. We had been discussing what breed of dog we would have after we were married and now we knew. What we did not know was that our first Pyrenean, Lydaub Stardew - more commonly known as 'Monty' would actually be our honeymoon: we could not afford a puppy and a honeymoon - and there was just no contest. And that is the way it has been ever since. | 136 | [
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Growing heirloom plants
Resources for gardeners
Many thanks to the
British Library for providing this image
Egerton 747f. 11,
In Early Medieval Herbalst
Elder tree, Elderberry
Sambucus nigra, Black elder
elderberry in your garden
elnea; ellenrind, ellenrinde [elder bark]
ellenahsan [elder ash], ellencroppan [elder berries],
ellenrinde [elder bark];
Common names, early
Aeld (from OE fire, to kindle a fire, kindling),
The folklore of the elder tree is complex and a
little dark. This may be because all parts of this plant except the
blossoms are mildly toxic
until cooked, or because the flowers are white but the berries are,
ogham, the letter R,
Ruis, is drawn as a single straight line crossed by five
The leaves of the elder are compound, with three to
five pairs of leaves arranged along a central stem, and that may explain why
the sign for Ruis is identified with this tree.
The tree was thought to be
inhabited by or the property of a tree spirit -- some knew her as
Hyldemoer, Elder Mother -- and you were wise to ask
permission before taking its wood or fruit, and to leave a small gift in
In Britain, elder tree wood
wasn't used for firewood, but was often made into charms that kept evil
spirits, witches, ghosts, and lightening at bay. A
rowan tree was traditionally planted by the front door, and an elder at
the back, to ward off evil.
Elder wood was close-grained and
long-lasting; it was used in the laying of hedges, and was said to last
longer in the ground than an iron bar of the same diameter. It was
believed to be dangerous to sleep in the shade of an elder, but if you
stood beneath it on Midsummer Eve, the night before the summer solstice,
you might see the rulers of the Otherworld ride by, with all their court
The healing properties of the
elder have been known since ancient times, when it was used as a
diuretic, antiseptic, and insect repellent.
Elder Mother, give me
some of your
wood, and I
Wiš fotece genim ellenes
leaf 7 wegbrędan 7
gecnuwa lege on
7 gebind on
II, xxvii, 3
For foot-ache, take elder
leaves 7 plantain and
mugwort, pound, lay on,
Leechbook, II, xxvii, 3
wyrmętum lice 7 cweldehtum acrinde dust .
dust . ellen rinde
dust on norš
II, cxxxvi, 4
For a worm-eaten body and a quelled
oak bark powder
ash bark powder
powder from north
beneath the tree...
Leechdom II, cxxvi, 4
eferlastan ufewearde . wegbrędan
sealt on ealo gegniden
Laecbok II, lvi, 2
For painful diarrhea also
everlasting the upper part .
plantain, elder bark
salt in ale kneaded
Leechbook II, lvi, 2
Gif mon biž on wętr
ęlfadle žonne beož
him ža handnęglas wonne 7 ža
eagan tearige 7 wile locian niwer .
III, 350, 21
man has water-
elf disease then be his
teary 7 they will
do him žis to lęchedome .
eoforžrote . cassuc .
fone niožoweard . eowberge .
elehtre . eolone .
mersc-mealwan crop . fen minte .
dile . lilie .
attorlaže . polleie .
marubie . docce .
ellen . fel terre .
wermod . streawberjean leaf .
ofgeot mid ealaž .
do halig węter to sing žis gealdor ofer žriwa
Ic binne awrat betest
beado wręda swa benne
ne burnon ne burstan
ne wundian ne feologon .
ne hoppetan ne wund waco sian . ne
dolh deopian .
ac him self healde
hale węge .
ne ace že žon ma
že eoržan on eare ace .
sing žis manegum sižum .
eorže že on bere
hise mihtum 7 męgenum.
žas galdor mon męg singan on
Give him this for healing .
cockspur grass . pennyroyal . horehound
moisten with ale
give holy water sing
this charm over three times:
I have wrought best battle bandage
so that it will
not stream not burst
not wound not bind
not throb not deepen pain
but himself hold healthy ways
nor hurt you then any more
than earth in sea aches
Sing this many times
earth within you bring to bear
all her might and main.
This charm one may sing over wounds.
Leechbook III, lxiii
note: Many plants have been used in past and present times
for medicinal purposes, and as one of the focuses of Wyrtig is the
history of gardening, these uses are discussed here. However, common
sense requires that you consult your family
physician or other health care provider before using any plant materials
for medicinal purposes. The old saying that "A doctor who treats him-
(or her-) self has a fool for a patient" is no less true in herbal
medicine than in any other branch of the healing sciences. Herbal
remedies should not be used by the uninformed; medical advice should be
sought before using any herbal remedy. | 1,386 | [
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13,
128001
] |
What is a Picture Cube Puzzle?
||The picture cube puzzle is a puzzle of - in this case - nine cubes.
Every cube has parts of a picture on its sides.
The nine cubes form a picture if you lay them properly side by side.
It is special that you find five more pictures, if you turn over the
Six Puzzles top
Therefore you can read in advertisments that this is a 6-in-1-puzzle.
When you buy this puzzle, you often get six sheets of paper as templates
of the six puzzles.
Turning the Cubes
After you have solved one puzzle, you can easily get the remaining
||In order to descibe the way to the pictures, I call them A, B, C, D,
E, and F.
The parts of one picture may have the names 1 to 9.
Every cube has the same order.
The names A to F stand on the sides and a number.
||Thus it is sufficient to look at one cube only.
||You see more if you draw a net and show all the sides of the cube.
You can see that you bring the pictures B and C on top by a quarter-turn
(from the front side to the top side), starting with A above. E doesn't
fit in this sequence.
Starting again with A you can get picture F by a turn from the top side
to the right side.
||If you say "turn" then you mean all nine cubes. You turn three cubes
side by-side at the same time.
Here you can see how to turn it from the front to the top side for
the first row. The other rows will follow.
If you want to turn the columns, you grasp three cubes one below the
other in the same way.
Each cube stays on its place inside a mat.
There are always three pictures, which you get by turning from the front
to the top side. You change from one three-sequence-picture to the next
one by A/F.
||If you turn the cube so that F is at the top and you draw the net,
You get the pictures D and E by quarter turns. B doesn't fit in this
You pass all pictures along the sequence A-B-C-E(mixed)-A----F-B(mixed)-D-E-F.
This is a clever order of the pictures on the cubes.
This no-name-3x3-puzzle is from China and
doesn't have flowers as pictures, but ugly, humanized animals. I plan to
replace them by my photos.
If you want to know the names of the flowers from my garden, here they
Alant, Mittagsblume, Clematis, Geranium, Ringelblume, and Crocus.
Similar Puzzles top
This is the name of the puzzles of the Ravensburger Spieleverlag for
the good old cube puzzle.
The motives are nice and tasteful. They are made of plastic material
and carefully fabricated. They aren't cheap.
There are different sizes like 3x2 or 4x3.
It isn't possible to bring all pictures to the top only by turning.
You must change rows or columns.
If you have found a picture, you have a second one on the reverse side.
Many designs are possible. I am sure there
is also a picture cube puzzle with six pictures all isolated, so that you
can't find a next picture by turning. Then it is a real 6-in-1-puzzle.
||The Escher block has eight cubes, which form
a 2x2x2 cube together. If you put them together, you must find a picture
by Escher on each side. There is the difficulty that a single cube shows
pictures several times and that you must hide them inside the cube.
It is not easy to find the solution. Therefore,
and because of the Escher picture, it is a puzzle for grown-ups.
The fish-bird-picture has the title "Sky and Water
||You can find the manufacturer's name on the description:
Made by PUSSICAT, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
©1990 M.C.Escher, Art.No.80 5050
I live in Bad Salzuflen. You see the former factory
at the Lemgoer Straße. The factory was there until 2000. As I see
the building is empty now.
The main emphasis of the company was sliding
puzzles with artists' drawings. They are still "in".
I made a German page (not yet translated) about
the chain puzzle Elefant.
The jigsaw puzzles fit on this puzzle page. I think they are the reason
that the picture cube puzzle came out of fashion.
Then I remember LÜK. I see this equipment for math exercises together
with tortured pupils and unnerved parents. LÜK is the abbreviation
of the German words Lerne-Übe-Kontolliere (learn-exercise-control).
You had to solve problems written on tiles and put them in a certain
place. If the solutions were correct, the pieces altogether showed
a nice pattern on the reverse side. This was a version of the 1970s.
But no bad words. Of course I know that LÜK can be a nice toy
that gives fun.
In Germany the present grandparents' generation knows the puzzle from
their childhold. The cubes were from wood and the pictures were from fairy
tales. You could easily find four different pictures by turns, but for
each picture you had to put the single cubes together as I remember. Today
I know more :-).
Gail from Oregon coast thank you for supporting me in my translation.
Feedback: Email address on my main page
page is also available in German.
2006 Jürgen Köller | 1,266 | [
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] |
Pyrrole disorder is also known as pyroluria, kryptopyrole, Mauve disorder, or kryptopyroluria. It is a biochemical imbalance involving an abnormality in hemoglobin synthesis. It can be genetic or acquired through environmental and emotional stress. It commonly arises from the frequent use of antibiotics and resulting ‘leaky gut syndrome’.
Unfortunately, pyroluria is not a recognized condition by many physicians. It is wide-spread, and is estimated to occur in at least 10 percent of the U.S population. It affects women slightly more than men. The majority of those who have it go undiagnosed.
Pyrrole disorder is caused by the overproduction of hydroxyhempyrolin (HPL). The HPL binds zinc and vitamin B6, preventing their use by the body and causing excretion in the urine and hair. HPL is a biomarker for oxidative stress and is neurotoxic. Stress of any kind will increase the production of pyrroles/HPL, and this will decrease zinc and vitamin B6.
The main biochemical features of this condition are severe zinc and vitamin B6 deficiency. Zinc is essential for hundreds of processes in the body. It is particularly important for boosting immune function, digestion, neurotransmitter activation, healing, insulin sensitivity, control of blood sugars, memory, physical growth, and DNA replication.
Both zinc and vitamin B6 are essential for production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin (our happy hormone), melatonin (our sleep hormone), GABA (our relaxation hormone), and acetyl choline (important for memory). They are also very important in the production or our steroid hormones such as cortisol (our anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy hormone, and stress hormone), as well as the conversion of oils in the body (fat metabolism, liver and gallbladder function, and weight control). The oils EPA/DHA and GLA are found to be low in those with pyrrole disorder. They are also damaged by oxidative stress, free radicals and toxins created by pyrrole.
Signs And Symptoms Of Pyrrole Disorder
Pyrrole disorder is often seen in children, adolescents and adults who have previously been diagnosed with ADHD, autism, Asperger’s syndrome, anxiety, depression, Tourette syndrome, behavioral disorders, learning disorders, and fears/phobias.
Symptoms may include:
- White Spots On Fingernails
- Spleen Area Pain
- Histrionic Behavior
- Poor Stress Control
- Sensitivities To Light, Odors, Sounds, Textures (LOST)
- High Irritability
- Severe Inner Tension
- Extreme Mood Swings
- Short Temper
- Joint Pains
- Poor Short Term Memory
- Frequent Infections
- Premature Graying
- Delayed Puberty
- Morning Nausea
- Little or No Dream Recall
- Stretch Marks
- Social Withdrawal
- Sweet Or “Fruity” Breath
- Frequent Headaches
- Bowel Dysfunction, Including IBS
- Pale Skin/Easy Sun Burning/Bruising
Most with this disorder will not have all of these symptoms, and may have only two or three. However, in most cases treatment has been unsuccessful with the usual methods (treating the symptoms) as the underlying cause is not being addressed.
Diagnosis Of Pyrrole Disorder
Patients are diagnosed by a urine test which detects pyrroles in the urine. Although this test may be collected at most labs, it is usually sent on to a specialty lab for processing. Most patients have less than 10 mg./dL, so less than 10 is considered negative. Those with 10-20 mg./dL are considered borderline and will often benefit from treatment. Those with a level above 20 mg./dL are considered to have pyrrole disorder. Some have levels in the hundreds.
I also evaluate all patients with pyrrole disorder for leaky gut syndrome, which is commonly found.
How To Treat Pyrrole Disorder
Treatment to correct the imbalance causing Pyrrole disorder involves a program which includes supplementation with zinc, vitamin B6 (and/or pyridoxal 5-phosphate, which is activated B6), GLA, an essential omega 6 fatty acid acid found in evening primrose oil, borage, and black currant oil, vitamin E, and magnesium. Other nutrients that may assist include B3, B5, B12, manganese, vitamin C, vitamin E, and magnesium.
Food sources and nutritional supplements containing copper and red/yellow food dyes need to be avoided. Copper is commonly high in those with pyroluria and needs to be detoxified. For my patients, I recommend a hair analysis to check metal and mineral levels, as well as ratios and balances to customize the best treatment.
If leaky gut syndrome is found during the course of an evaluation, it is treated with proper diet and supplementation tailored to eliminate the underlying cause of the LGS.
Supplementation should be introduced gradually under the supervision of a qualified physician. It is not advisable to self-treat, as the dose and sequence of each supplement need to be customized and adjusted for each patient.
If you have any questions or concerns about your health, including the possibility of pyrrole disorder, please feel free to contact my office. My staff will be glad to answer any questions you may have and schedule a telemedicine consultation or office visit for you. | 1,148 | [
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W ith the ratification of the Adams-Onis Treaty in February 1821 the United States finally came into legal possession of the Florida peninsula. Although a few Americans -- naturalists, shipwrecked sailors, adventurous traders, General Andrew Jackson and his troops -- had visited Spanish Florida or squatted on its soil, the great majority knew very little about this remote region except that it had been a hideout for marauding Indians and runaway slaves. But in the early years after annexation an increasing number of soldiers and settlers had an opportunity to see the newly acquired territory for themselves. Most of them were enthusiastic.
Lt. George A. McCall, a recent graduate of West Point, exulted in the "glorious clime" of the army base at Pensacola. In January 1823 when most of the United States was in the icy grip of winter, northwestern Florida was balmy. Except for a few small fleecy clouds the sky was "clear and serene, unruffled and undisturbed by the breath of a zephyr." McCall described the air as "light and elastic, and of that happy temperature which, inducing a calm repose of the physical faculties, and leading the mind to indulge in a dreamy tranquillity, causes the mere consciousness of existence to become an unspeakable delight."1* The young officer continued to love his Florida assignment. The Indians were quiet; military duties were minimal; the fishing and hunting were exhilarating. Transferred to a fort near Tampa, McCall was even happier. On 1 December 1827, he wrote: "Here we have the most charming weather imaginable; I should say, unparalleled in any part of our country, if, indeed, it is surpassed in any part of the world. Since the third day of October not a drop of rain has fallen, and not twice in a month has a cloud as big as a blanket appeared in the bright canopy above us.... It is a paradise for those who love to live in the open air."2
Florida cast a similar enchantment over other early visitors. The____________________ | 428 | [
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A new study shows that access to education services at an early age, quality teachers and educated relatives make the difference in the path to educational success.
The study “One in One Hundred: Drivers of Success and Resilience among College-Educated Romani Adolescents in Serbia”, highlights the fact that only one in 100 Serbian Romani students advance to university. Why is that?
It’s what the researchers of the François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University (Harvard FXB) and ISSA member CIP-Center for Interactive Pedagogy in Belgrade asked themselves. Researchers went beyond the scrutiny of educational deficits and obstacles to focus on what actually works.
They studied the responses from surveys, interviews, and a “Writing Romani Lives” workshop conducted with 89 Romani adolescents who made it to university and 100 who did not. The findings showed that strong teacher and peer support systems, access to early childhood development services, and a high level of education among immediate family members corresponded to educational success.
Early education is key
According to the 2014 Serbian Statistical Office (SSO)/UNICEF survey report, only 6 percent of Romani children between the ages of three and five attended early childhood education programs, compared with 50 percent of the Serbian national average. The report’s numbers also show a “significantly larger number” of university versus comparison respondents attended kindergarten, 63 to 44 percent, respectively.
These figures are not just a Serbian prerogative, though. The situation is comparable to many other European countries where exclusion and school segregation hamper the children’s development.
The right peers and teachers
Interestingly, the study also pointed to a second critical driver of the success for Romani students: the support from a teacher or a peer who believed in their abilities and desire to learn and who stood up for them. “Those who made it to college said they had benefited from a peer or a teacher who supported them when they felt discriminated against,” said Magda Matache, head of the Roma Program at Harvard FXB.
An educated family
Another key factor has to do with the educational attainment of the parents. For example, 16 percent of the university group’s parents had attended university, whereas in the comparison group, only 8 percent with 35 percent of the comparison group had parents having attended only primary school.
In addition, said Matache, more Romani teachers, cultural sensitivity training for students and teachers, and a curriculum that better reflects the history of the Roma in Europe will all make a difference.
About the International Step by Step Association (ISSA)
ISSA is the driving force behind REYN. ISSA is a network committed to the development of every child, across all domains – sharing knowledge and tools to improve the quality of Early Childhood Development and its workforce. In (pre)schools, creches, kindergartens and daycare centers across Europe, and in other services for young children and their families. As a network, we gather and generate prominent studies and insights on child development and learning and convey them to our peers, member organizations and policy makers, so they can put them to good use. | 664 | [
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Approaches to Health Efficiency across the European Space through the Lens of the Health Budget Effort
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, financial resources allocated to the health system have been refocused according to priority 0: fighting the pandemic. The main objective of this research is to identify the vulnerabilities affecting the health budget effort in the EU and in the Member States during the health crisis period. The analysis takes into account relevant statistical indicators both in terms of financial allocation to health and expenditure on health protection of the population in the Member States, with the effect being tracked even during the pandemic period. The novelty of the study is the identification of viable directions of intervention based on the structural determination of expenditures related to measures to combat the pandemic and making proposals for changes in public policies based on the determination of the effectiveness of budget allocations in health in relation to the proposed purpose. The main outcome of the study is the identification of the vulnerabilities and the projection of measures to mitigate them in the medium and long term.
Introduction
Efficient financing of health services in the European area is a priority from the perspective of sustainable development objectives as well as from the perspective of the European social protection and health policies. From the financial distribution point of view, in line with the European policies, there is more monitoring of the financial indicators especially in terms of improving the health of the population in the long term in relation to increasing the quality of the health services, attracting specialists in the medical system or improving the quality of life in relation to new treatments and medical protocols in the field.
Thus, according to the ISQua (International Society for Quality in Health Care) guidelines on quality in public health services, the main objectives pursued in terms of ensuring the health of the population are aimed at forming centres of performance, ensuring patient safety, continuously improving the quality of health services, implementing new technologies in health and ensuring quality and safety through the sustainable use of resources [1].
These issues have led to the creation of international service quality standards, which are implemented differently at the EU level (for example, in Romania the second edition of the revised quality assurance standards for health services is implemented at this moment) [2]. This brings with it disparities in resource consumption and population health insurance; all the more, in the context of COVID, vulnerabilities have generated crisis situations in countries that have faced certain risk factors triggering health events during the pandemic (Italy, Spain, France, Sweden, Romania).
In view of the above, the aim of the present research is to identify the vulnerabilities affecting the health budget effort during the health crisis.
Thus, we define the following research objectives: O1: Identify the pre-pandemic context of the health of the European population in relation to the financial allocations for health and the level of social protection offered by the Member State governments to their citizens.
O2: Quantify the level of damage to the health profile of the population following the outbreak of the pandemic.
O3: Determination of the existence of a regression correlation between annual health status and morbidity and mortality rates induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
O4: Identify measures to address vulnerabilities arising from the misallocation of funds in health, based on observations made during the study.
Results of the study have led to relevant and useful conclusions for the financial and governmental decision-makers in order to improve the efficiency of the budget allocations, with a direct effect on improving the long-term health status of the population.
Further research covers the following sections: Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Conclusions. The literature review provides a conceptual framework for defining our proposed model. The methodology highlights the manner of scientific research capable of supporting the definition and implementation of the proposed model, while Results and Discussion provides the necessary framework for national and supranational decision-makers in the context of a new approach to health financing. The conclusions are the quintessence of the present research, highlighting the novelty of the study, its limits, its usefulness and possible further developments.
Literature Review
The present study covers an area of interest regarding financing of the health services, which was widely debated in the literature even before the outbreak of the pandemic [3]. Between 2000 and 2018, more than 70,000 articles on public health financing were written by international authors. Compared to the period 2000-2018, in the period after the outbreak of the pandemic, there has been an intensification of the research effort; in only 3 years, more than 45,000 articles have been published on this topic (Google Academics, 2021).
Using the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.18, developed by Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands ), a total of 74 articles published in 2020 and 2021 on the research topic were reviewed (see Figure 1 and the Appendix A). A clustering of research interest has been identified in 3 clusters, linking the health system financing issues under pandemic crisis (green cluster), public health policies and the main social effects of the pandemic (blue cluster) and repercussions on economic life (depression, anxiety and mental status of the population-red cluster). This has led to deepening unemployment, economic recession and deterioration of the health status of the population with an impact on the health system. The main themes addressed by the specialists focused on the challenges of the in relation to the public health system, the financial crisis induced by the pandem temic difficulties faced by some countries in dealing with the pandemic, as well as abilities of the public expenditure financing system following the restructuring of th ture in line with the immediate measures required to combat the pandemic (Figur The main themes addressed by the specialists focused on the challenges of the pandemic in relation to the public health system, the financial crisis induced by the pandemic and systemic difficulties faced by some countries in dealing with the pandemic, as well as the vulnerabilities of the public expenditure financing system following the restructuring of the expenditure in line with the immediate measures required to combat the pandemic ( Figure 2). The main themes addressed by the specialists focused on the challenges of the pandemic in relation to the public health system, the financial crisis induced by the pandemic and systemic difficulties faced by some countries in dealing with the pandemic, as well as the vulnerabilities of the public expenditure financing system following the restructuring of the expenditure in line with the immediate measures required to combat the pandemic ( Figure 2). Following the literature review, we noted the concern of some authors [4] regarding the financial allocation for health services in relation to the minimum set of social services to support an adequate state of health of all citizens. Through contributory mechanisms, the authors identify the main categories of contributors in the public and private sector in order to establish sufficient financial sources to ensure a minimum necessary universal protection against the low health status of the population at risk of poverty and to promote an equitable system of access to health services. Given the characteristics, benefits and advantage/disadvantage system of publicly and privately funded services, the authors conclude that the future will see mixed models of health financing support in EU Member States different from the current ones.
In the same context of transparent and sustainable financing of health systems, some authors [5][6][7][8][9][10] address the financial structure of public health expenditure in a dynamic way through studies addressed to European countries. In Eastern European countries [6], a higher need for health system financing is observed based on the dynamic analysis carried out in the period 2000-2017, which reveals that public expenditure has been decreasing in most countries (the maximum reduction being reached by Bulgaria and the Czech Republic), while government taxation for social insurance had an increasing trend in most countries. The Bulgarian system is surprising, whose financing structure seems to have shifted toward social health insurance at the expense of public spending or income taxation with a percentage contribution to the health insurance.
According to some authors [11], the pandemic has combined two different types of crisis-health and economic-which together have affected national health systems, and budgetary rebalancing measures are recommended, corroborated by an increase in the degree of collection and an increase in the capacity of the system to generate tax payments, which is the measure of sustainable development of an economic system. The same problemsolution approach is found in their research [12], which emphasizes the need for fiscal decentralization, reforming the system so that the interaction between economic agents and control bodies involves a novel approach to the taxpayer-state representative relationship.
During the pandemic, economies of the political powers were affected, in particular due to the restriction of economic trade, so that the governments of these countries had to act in terms of health protection but also to stimulate the affected domestic business environment in the global trade segment in order to recover. The authors [13] propose a system based on PPML (Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood) estimators, so that the financial development mechanism strengthens public health care by promoting financial flows through state-owned firms. While this may be negative in the long term, in the short term, the proposed solution may achieve its goal.
In another approach, [14] consider the pandemic crisis as a challenge to identify measures with maximum efficiency and effectiveness, and some innovation solutions in health through public subsidies are proposed, identifying 23 opportunities that could constitute solutions in the segment of public policies, telemedicine, testing and diagnostics, social science, etc.
Iizuka [15] provides a brief analysis of the impact of the pandemic on the health of the population and the economy as a whole. Based on the existing disparities between national health systems, countries around the world faced a wide range of problems during the pandemic, and the author concludes that there is a need for ex-ante monitoring and a concomitant mobilization of the private and public sector for the sustainability of the implementation of measures to combat effects of the pandemic crisis.
The challenge of making health systems resilient to shocks and crises can be taken up in their view [16] through a sustainable transformation of system financing to ensure sufficient resources for prevention and control, surveillance and effective information through digitization. The contribution of telemedicine and the mobilization of the private sector are not ignored; they contribute to the implementation of viable solutions, multisectoral cooperation being the basis for the sustainable resilience of the system.
Another approach that points out critical aspects of some health systems, such as the American one, brings to the fore the fragmentation of the health care system and inadequate social protection, which in pandemics can be major obstacles and threats to the health of the population [17].
An analysis by [18] highlights the major impact of COVID-19 on the financial system as a whole, considering that two factors are disruptive in any forecast: the decrease in wage, tax and VAT receipts by 9%, correlated with the historical progression of expenditure (€23.3bn) in the French health system. This development will favour the social security deficit assessed for the 2023 horizon, which includes health and risk insurance.
Ref. [19] points out that the pandemic has induced a global state of vulnerability to the medical phenomenon, with the countries of the world unprepared for what followed. The management of the pandemic resulted in lockdowns in most countries, which led to restrictions and halts in social and economic activities. The solutions proposed by the authors are pertinent and refer to improving the performance of the hospital superstructure, setting up a disease monitoring interface, access to advanced health technologies and health education of the population. These measures need to be financed in a quasi-unitary way by the countries of the world, which will lead to changes in health financing policies.
An analysis of health system financing in Nigeria in response to the outbreak of the pandemic is by [20], which shows that for developing countries, the financial strain was and is burdensome and required the establishment of stringent fiscal policies and health insurance packages that contributed to fiscal pressure.
The authors [21] show that the pandemic created financial market disruptions due to underestimation of health risk and slow response to financial stress during the period. These elements can be combined in the future for the creation of behavioural profiles during the crisis, the analysis being carried out on the 23 largest countries in the world with the exception of Russia and China.
Other authors consider that the health system response in Arab countries is more efficient than in other countries [22], arguing for a 3-step algorithm containing detection, prevention and containment and treatment. In this sense, public health policy in Arab countries has been based on testing, social distancing and monitoring of infected people to a greater extent than in other countries. In addition, the population showed a better understanding of social distancing measures and travel restrictions. Third, economic support measures contributed to the efficiency of the Arab health-care system during the pandemic.
An X-ray of the EU health system in a pandemic context by [23] shows that there is a big difference in the impact of the pandemic in the Member States, both in the severity of the impact (number of deaths due to the pandemic) and in the financial pressure on public health systems. The only countries where public pressure on the health system is not of a financial nature are Sweden, Germany and Luxembourg, the rest being affected by the health security measures that have been implemented.
In a dynamic approach, [24] compared the structure of health systems and the financial effects of the pandemic in countries with mixed (public-private) health insurance systems such as the US, UK, Germany and Israel. The negative effects on health have been most severe in the US, where the prevalence of activity-based payment system and direct government control has been manifested to a limited extent. The authors show that during the pandemic period the pressure fell on the public health system to which low-income people turned. The public health system is considered the basis of a competitive and sustainable health system because it solves community problems and promotes social equity in health in their opinion [25]. The authors show that global cooperation has contributed to better planning and urgency in the implementation of solutions, as well as to the development of viable strategies to combat viruses based on the principle of accumulation of experience. From a financial point of view, the financing capacity of health systems must ensure greater flexibility to respond to exceptional emergencies. Telemedicine and remote triage are brought into discussion.
A systematic review of the literature by [26] reflects the fact that, in the case of Eastern European countries (Romania), the main threats affecting the national health system are the inadequate health risk factor behavior of the population and the decrease in the number of specialists working in the health care, on the one hand, and on the other, the high incidence of contagious and chronic diseases and the poor living conditions of the majority of the population, especially in rural areas.
A model of health system differentiation based on the identification of the economic inequalities has been addressed in several studies [27][28][29]. In the paper Differentiation in Healthcare Financing in EU Countries [27], the model for assessing economic inequality is presented by referring to the degree of concentration of the distributions which shows that there are major inequalities between the financing of health services over the period 2013-2017, a period in which Romania ranked last in terms of the share of health expenditure in GDP. The disproportionalities identified by the disturbance indicator show that each Member State needs to bring its health policies closer to the economic condition and to correlate the health expenditure per individual with the objectives for the level of affordable health.
A prospective study on the dynamics of the health services in Eastern European countries shows that, in terms of health expenditure per capita, Romania ranks last, but ahead of Croatia and Slovenia [30]. Thus, the authors opine that constant monitoring of economic trends and the health status of the population is required, and the absence of such health screening may constitute a source of substantial public expenditure on health (by deteriorating the health status of the population).
According to other authors [31,32] there are several clusters in the EU formed on the basis of stratification of the level of health security of the population, European inhomogeneity being a problem in terms of unitary implementation of public health policies, health management and technological uniformity at the European level. Thus, there is a need for rebalancing of the cyclical assessments at a national level.
During the pandemic period, it was found that there was an impairment of the economic and medical performance indicators [33], mainly due to the impairment of fixed expenses on the background of the reduction in the number of patients and the partial relocation of hospital activities to the COVID-19 area. The disease control measures have also affected the health budget balance. In the study conducted by the authors [33], it is shown that through the DEA-BCC model (Data Envelopment Analysis-Banker, Charnes and Cooper Model) in Romania a number of 18 COVID-19 support hospitals were evaluated in the period 2019-2020, of which only 5 were identified as efficient units. The other 13 ranked below the efficiency indicators in terms of quality indicators, sufficient nursing staff, sufficient number of beds and health outputs delivered by hospital units.
According to the report for Romania [34], it is socio-economically and demographically below the European indicators, with a poverty rate of 23.6% (compared to the EU average of 16.9%) and a GDP/capita of 18,800 Euro PPP (Purchasing power parity), (compared to the EU average of 30,000 Euro PPP). In terms of health status, in line with the general European trend, Romania has been on a positive trend during 2007-2013, with an increase in life expectancy from 71.2 years in 2000 to 75.3 years in 2017, which is below the European limit for the EU (80.9 years). The main factors behind this development are educational attainment, incidence of heart disease and cancer mortality. The OECD report shows that the health system in Romania is the poorest among the European countries in terms of expenditure per capita (Romania spends 1030 euros compared to 2884 euros in the EU), but also in terms of size of allocation of GDP (5% compared to 9.8% in the EU).
In terms of ways to combat the pandemic, researchers [35] have focused on studying the most effective method (vaccination), conducting a study of the effects of vaccination and the general framework for implementing security measures, a framework that resides in 3 distinct elements; namely, security of the vaccination solution (limiting adverse effects and uncertainties of the process), funding to ensure equal opportunity for vaccination and ensuring adequate ethics of the process both in terms of the vaccination action and in terms of recognition of vaccination and use of information during the monitoring period for continuous improvement of the vaccination solution.
In his opinion [36], the COVID-19 experience brings to the attention of global decisionmakers the improvement of the health framework, the strengthening of national public health systems, the identification of health risks and the increase of awareness of these risks, so that events of pandemic magnitude can be better addressed and more efficiently managed.
These results published in the literature lead to the conclusion that there is a need to reposition funding in relation to the actual need for funding, especially in light of the pandemic that has influenced and continues to influence the health of the population and the effects of funding health services during the pandemic.
In order to achieve the purpose of the research (to identify the influencing factors on the efficiency of budget allocation in health), we defined the following working hypotheses:
H1:
The health status of the population varies in direct proportion to the health budget allocations, and changes in the government policies are likely to have a direct proportional influence on the medium and long-term health balance.
H2:
In the case of financial policy stability for health, the main deflator of the allocation efficiency is the social protection expenditure as a percentage of GDP.
H3:
In the case of health financial policy stability, the pandemic morbidity rate tends to increase in magnitude, with the policy update level being a maximum of 10 years.
H4: Under conditions of the health promotion through financial allocations for social protection or for strengthening the health security of the population, the vaccination rate tends to decrease if the funded level of the social security is not sustained over time.
Methodology
We collected over a statistical period of 11 years information on the dynamics of economic and financial indicators representative for health system financing (EUROSTAT, 2020), correlated with the influence of morbidity and mortality indicators due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These data were then concatenated into a consolidated database on which statistical procedures were applied to obtain regression and prediction equations using IBM SPSS 25 statistical software.
Thus, we used the Eurostat database [37], from which we collected information on the evolution of the following indicators at Member State level for the period 2009-2020. In addition to the Eurostat indicators, we analysed the information provided by Google News [38] on morbidity and mortality rates related to the COVID-19 pandemic for each EU27 Member State at the beginning of November 2021 (see Table 1).
Collected information allowed for the creation of an integrated database which was modeled using the multiple linear regression process by the mathematical method of least squares. Annual models of the correlation between total health care expenditure by EU27 average expenditure dependent variable and the regressors COVID_VACC, COVID_ILL, SPR_ADM year , SPR_REC_SUMT_ESC year , SPR_OTHER year , SPR_REC_SUMT_GOV year , HLTH_SHA11_LT year−1 , HLTH_SHA11_HC year−1 , SPR_EXP_SUM year , HLTH_SHA11_LT year were obtained.
Indicators' Names Symbol Unit of Measurement Source
Expenditure on social protection SPR_EXP_SUM Percentage of GDP [37] Social benefits, in cash or in kind, to households and individuals SPR_EXP_BNF Percentage of GDP [37] Administration costs to the scheme for health management and administration SPR_ADM Percentage of GDP [37] Other expenditure by social protection schemes (payment of property income and other) SPR_OTHER Percentage of GDP [37] Receipts of social protection schemes (social contributions, general government contributions and other receipts) SPR_REC_SUMT_GOV Percentage of GDP [37] Employers' social contributions SPR_REC_SUMT_ESC-Percentage of GDP [37] Total health care expenditure by EU27 average expenditure (Country average/EU27 average) HLTH_SHA11_HC Percentage of EU27 average expenditure [37] Long-term care (health) expenditure by EU27 average long-term expenditure (Country average/EU27 average)
Results and Discussion
We developed annual models based on the general model for which we obtained the following tests of statistical significance (see Table 2): It is observed that the statistical significance of the overall model is above 99%, which means that the variables are homogeneous and allow for quantifying the efficiency function of the financial allocation in health in relation to the proposed regressors.
In terms of change statistics, the F-test shows a maximum value in 2015, a year in which we can state that the efficiency of the financial allocations in relation to the objectives of quality, security and social resilience was maximum. The statistical representation function is maximal. This was also the case in 2018, when the F-test value was the second highest in the annual series.
It is noted that the year 2020 showed major disturbances in the F-test, with the F-test decreasing more than 5 times compared to 2015 and more than 4 times compared to 2018. As a result, the efficiency of the health allocations during the pandemic period was affected by the social protection measures and the disease control measures, which affects the health balance of the system.
From the Durbin-Watson function point of view, the results are of high homogeneity and statistical representativeness, the value of the test being close to 2, which allows validating the data series as homogeneous and representative for the studied phenomenon.
The results of the ANOVA test reflect that the residual quantity of the regression function is insignificant relative to the sum of the regression squares, with a representation of 10 degrees of freedom out of a total of 26 possible. The regression function F shows a value of up to 2266 points in 2015 and 443 in 2020 and a Sig coefficient tending to 0 (see Table 3).
In Table 3, it can be seen that the sum of the residual squares of the annual patterns decreases during the period under analysis, both in terms of quantity and as a share of the total sum of squares. This aspect demonstrates that the decadal policy update period in the health sector shows reflexivity in relation to the predicted output of the dependent variable HLTH_SH A11_HC year . The test results confirm hypothesis H3; namely, in the case of health financial policy stability, the pandemic morbidity rate tends to increase in magnitude, with the policy update level being a maximum of 10 years. Our approach is also supported by [28,34]. Pearson correlation coefficients for the dependent variable in relation to the change in the dependent variable from the previous year and the analyzed regressors for the current year reflect the following: - There is a direct correlation between the health expenditure in the budget year (HLTH_SHA11_HC (year)) and the social protection expenditure (SPR_REC_SUMT_ESC). This has been the case since 2010, when European policy underwent a paradigm shift from a conservative to a forward-looking orientation, focusing on disease prevention rather than treatment. This validates hypothesis H2: In the case of financial policy stability for health, the main deflator of the allocation efficiency is the social protection expenditure as a percentage of GDP (see Table 4). The approach is congruent with other papers [4,5,34]. -There is a direct correlation between the expenditure allocated to health in the budget year (HLTH_SHA11_HC (year) and the social protection scheme approved at government level through national strategies and at European level through Community strategies (SPR_REC_SUMT_GOV (year)). This validates hypothesis H1: The health status of the population varies in direct proportion to the health budget allocations, and changes in the government policies are likely to have a direct proportional influence on the medium and long-term health balance (see Table 4). The same approach was used by [26,34]. -There is a direct correlation between the expenditure allocated to health in the budget year (HLTH_SHA11_HC (year)) and the strategy to protect the health of the population in the long term (HLTH_SHA11_LT (year)), i.e., to populate health units with specialists and technical equipment to ensure the sustainability of the health services and the continuous increase in the level of health of the population. - The fluctuating dynamics of the Pearson correlation of the dependent variable in relation to social protection and health security expenditure suggests that the trend is polynomial, with the forecast line being affected (with an inflection point) during the pandemic period. - The dynamics of the social protection expenditure represented by administrative costs has a polynomial evolution on the Pearson correlation coefficients with the dependent variable defined by the equation: Over the period 2013-2020, the Pearson coefficients of the financial indicator of social protection translated into administrative costs were aligned on a decreasing trend according to the regression equation: This shows that there is a 3% margin of reduction in financial allocations for social protection or for strengthening the health security of the population, which, in the context of the pandemic, has meant a pessimism expressed by the entire European population regarding vaccination. The intensity level of the pessimism is directly proportional to the level of allocations in each Member State for this type of expenditure (HLTH_SHA11_HC (year)). This development demonstrates hypothesis H4: Under the conditions of the health promotion through financial allocations for social protection or for strengthening the health security of the population, the vaccination rate tends to decrease if the funded level of the social security is not sustained over time. Our approach is also supported by [26,34].
All of the above aspects are highlighted in the Pearson correlation table of the dependent variable in relation to the regressors (see Table 4).
The results of this research reflect the fact that measures are needed to rebalance allocations in relation to health and social security policies, the recommended period of validity being 10 years, and that the pivots of expenditure should be refocused (in countries more affected by the pandemic, e.g., Romania) towards prevention measures and increasing health literacy among the population.
Conclusions
The present research aimed to assess the effectiveness of the health financial allocations from public funds within the EU.
As a result of the research, we found horizontal shortcomings (deviations among Member States from the public health policies promoted by the EU), but also vertical shortcomings, namely the destabilization of the allocation strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
We found that the change in the financial allocation paradigm from conservative to proactive had beneficial effects over the 10 years of implementation (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018). Instead, the presence of the pandemic has captured underlying vulnerabilities in terms of the health culture of the population, the administrative capacity in the public health system of some Member States and the health status of the vulnerable pre-pandemic population in the face of these deficiencies.
Under these conditions, the measures adopted by the Member States during the pandemic have had as an effect the peaks of medical crisis (2020-2021), peaks in which morbidity and mortality related to SARS-CoV reached record levels in some Member States such as Italy, Spain, Sweden or Romania.
Post-marketing efforts to combat the disease have been slowed by a lack of health literacy among the population, amid insufficient financial support for this objective, which has reduced the impact of vaccination activities.
As measures, we have identified doing the following: -Rebalancing financial allocations for health in relation to strategic objectives at national and European levels; -Refocusing health police on prevention and health screening; -Linking short-term and long-term health policies; -Ensuring sustainability of the health sector through the sustainability of the resources used.
The novelty of this study lies in the retrospective and prospective approach to health financial projections in relation to health performance indicators and pandemic-related morbidity and mortality indicators. Moreover, the strategic directions for improvement correlated with the pattern of evolution of the efficiency of budget allocations in health can be a useful working tool for supranational decision-makers in order to readjust the optics of financing the sector and increasing the quality of health services.
The limitations of the study are the short time period considered for the analysis of SARS-CoV morbidity and mortality and the small number of indicators. The authors aim to address these shortcomings in future research.
Conflicts of Interest:
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Abbreviations ANMCS
National Authority of Quality Management in Health
ANOVA
Analysis of variance is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures used to analyze the differences among means COVID- 19 Coronavirus | 6,485 | [
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Marriages can be very diverse and complicated constructions across various cultures.
Last week I read a anthropology paper by a person who spend some time with African pygmies. Their basic marriage philosophy was to try and marry a girl from a distant tribe because the male would get hunting rights in their territory, thereby doubling his potential for finding good hunting grounds to provide. Marrying a girl from the same or neighboring tribes would bring no variety in their hunting potential.
A great many marriage structures are designed to benefit families by extending their influence, territory, alliances etc. | 115 | [
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Electronic Components and Systems focuses on the principles and processes in the field of electronics and the integrated circuit.
Covered in the book are basic aspects and physical fundamentals; different types of materials involved in the field; and passive and active electronic components such as capacitors, inductors, diodes, and transistors. Also covered in the book are topics such as the fabrication of semiconductors and integrated circuits; analog circuitry; digital logic technology; and microprocessors.
The monograph is recommended for beginning electrical engineers who would like to know the fundamental concepts, theories, and processes in the related fields.
To view this DRM protected ebook on your desktop or laptop you will need to have Adobe Digital Editions installed. It is a free software. We also strongly recommend that you sign up for an AdobeID at the Adobe website. For more details please see FAQ 1&2. To view this ebook on an iPhone, iPad or Android mobile device you will need the Adobe Digital Editions app, or BlueFire Reader or Txtr app. These are free, too. For more details see this article.
|Size: ||23.1 MB|
|Date published: || 1982|
|ISBN: ||9781483103341 (DRM-PDF)|
|Read Aloud: ||not allowed| | 272 | [
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The Ydentity token is a tradable API. Ydentity.org is a neuroscience project that captures cognitive and emotional response through a series of questions. The Ydentity token becomes a unique identity upon activation through the Ydentity App.
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Fred has a long record of accomplishment in the fields of medical statistics, cognitive and behavior sciences including research and publication of a transversal study applying the TCI of Cloninger to a non-clinical population as well as clinical experience in addictive behaviors and disorders, and significant business experience.
After several years on the board of a marketing company in the United States, he returned to complete his medical education in France and became a specialist of Addictive Disorders and practiced Medicine in Luxembourg both public and private sectors.Due to his large scope of education and specific interest in the biosocial theory and the result of various Neuroscience discoveries, he decided to start two Research and Development companies in Hong Kong in 2012.
C-Horses Co. Limited dedicated to designing digital interactive kiosks (hardware) in partnership with SNT AG in Austria.
Fred has a Medical Doctorate in medical statistics and a Diploma in Clinical Psychiatry and wrote his thesis on the prevalence of temperaments and personality types in a non-clinical population of medical doctors which led to opening a treatment unit for M.D. suffering of addictive disorders in France.
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Kim has worked in international investigations and intelligence gathering for over 30 years. The majority of this experience focused on financial crime, with more than 20 years' attained in Hong Kong. Kim's most recent position was as Head of Financial Crimes APAC at Citibank's Corporate and Investment Bank where he also led the global rollout of a new data analytics capability related to Anti-Money Laundering and Counter Terrorist Financing (AML/CFT). In the Corporate Bank, Kim was responsible for all regional client vetting and intelligence gathering activities and for the coordination of these initiatives with all other regions. He is a subject matter expert in AML/CFT and Fraud.
Kim began his career as a Special Agent in the FBI where he became an expert on organized crime and financial crime working out of the FBI's New York City office. Kim subsequently joined the Chase Manhattan Bank and had senior assignments in New York, London, Germany, and Hong Kong where he served as the regional APAC CFO. After Chase, he began his consulting career, including senior positions at JFK Consulting in France, Hill & Associates (principal), LECG, Control Risks Group and Kinetic Partners.
Kim is a licensed CPA (inactive) in New York and California, a Certified Fraud Examiner (ACFE), and President and Director of the ACFE Hong Kong Chapter. He is a graduate of Hobart College in New York and has his MBA from Rutgers University in New Jersey. Kim is also a French and German speaker.
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Michael was appointed an Advisor of Bright Nation on 23 March 2018.
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Prior to joining TigerRisk, Michael worked at a large Lloyd's syndicate in London as a capital modeling actuary where he was involving in their Solvency II capital assessment. Michael also worked as a consulting actuary at Towers Watson where he provided leadership on consulting projects and developed services in the areas of capital modeling and enterprise risk management for P&C companies across Asia. His clients included government organizations and private sector re/insurers.
Before joining Towers Watson, Michael was the Head of Analytics at Willis Re in Hong Kong, where he led a team of actuaries to provide reinsurance advice to clients in China and Hong Kong. He was also a managing director at Ultimate Risk Solutions in Asia Pacific where he was responsible for technical sales and support to clients. He started his insurance career at Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, which is now part of Willis Towers Watson.
Michael holds a Master of Engineering (Honour) degree from Christ Church, University of Oxford in England. He is a Fellow of the Institute & Faculty of Actuaries in the United Kingdom, Fellow of the Singapore Actuarial Society, Fellow of the Malaysian Actuarial Society, and Fellow of the Hong Kong Actuarial Society.
Dr. Tom Ludescher is an experienced insurance CEO and InsurTech expert, with an extensive background in the strategy and management functions of insurance and technology companies across the globe. He holds a doctorate in insurance regulations from the University of St. Gallen HSG and has been visiting lecturer at HSG in Switzerland and Singapore for the past 15 years, with a special focus on Islamic insurance (takaful). Tom is based in Singapore, where he is Chairman of the Swiss Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Vice President of the European Chamber of Commerce as well as director or advisor to various FinTech and InsurTech startups across Asia, Europe, Australia and the US.
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With Ydentity, you will benefit from an incredible new tool, a new identity constructed around a scientific assessment of your risk habits. It will make you aware of yourself and aware of others characteristics. You will be in total control of your data and can decide to trigger a payment at the exact moment you want to acquire a product or service based on your anonymous search. We have no knowledge or control over anything you do with your Ydentity after you have activated your token. There is no way any company website you may visit can identify you from your Ydentity and track your real self. These are our promises.
The Ycommunity is a decentralized peer-to-peer organisation managed by its members. Members are expected to be compliant with the rules of the Ycommunity and are incentivized to introduce compliant companies and partners who are willing to accept Ydentity as a valid ID. The most active members of the Ycommunity will become recognized as experts and receive additional bonuses.
become eligible to take on the role of Watchdog and review the actions and activities that take place within the Ycommunity and report cases of misconduct to our Ombudsman where necessary. The Watchdog will receive additional bonuses for their efforts.
Members, Experts and Watchdogs who introduce new members, compliant partners and businesses will receive one YDY bonus token for every 100 new members who become a full member of the Ycommunity.
A Ycommunity Experts and Watchdogs will receive 100 YDY bonus tokens per month. Watchdogs will receive an additional 100 YDY bonus tokens for reporting cases of misconduct which are found by the Ombudsman to be non-compliant with the Ycommunity's Code of Ethics.
NB. There will be no more than 1000 Experts and 50 Watchdogs worldwide.
What is Ydentity?
Ydentity™ is new generation of digital identity that is delivered in the form of a risk-identity token running on a permissionned blockchain.
What is a risk-identity?
A risk-identity is a unique proposition to utilize your risk level assessment to create your new digital identity.
How does risk level assessment work?
Your risk assessment is achieved by downloading the Ydentity mobile application and completing a survey of thirty (30) questions.
How is my new risk-identity generated?
Your new identity, or Ydentity, is a coded version of your survey result and takes the form of a private key. This key is unique and becomes your identifier.
What exactly is new about Ydentity compared to other identity offerings?
Ydentity™ is the first token using the findings of Cognitive Neuroscience.
Cognitive Neuroscience is a field of medical research that is focused on the human brain functionning and started playing a significant role in Medicine and Clinical Psychology in the 1980s with the development of brain imaging such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
How can Cognitive Neuroscience theory contribute to build a new identity?
Cognitive Neuroscience research findings are in favor of a uniqueness of features in each person’s brain that is DNA coded. It is also in favor of a unique balance of brain chemicals from a set of chemicals that are shared by the entire human species. Dopamine, Serotonin, Endocannabinoids are the most effective transmitters.
How can Blockchain technology help secure your Ydentity?
Blockchain technology is a technology that allows these unique features of a person’s brain to be used as a unique identifier of a person and be distributed to form a decentralized organisation of members.
The following Terms and Conditions ("Terms") govern your ("you" or the "Purchaser") purchase of cryptographic tokens ("YDENTITY Tokens") from Bright Nation Limited (the "Company"), a company incorporated in Hong Kong. Any words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs herein that are in BLOCK CAPITALS are for emphasis and your special attention only and do not have any different legal implications from anything in lower case.
Each of you/the Purchaser and the Company is a "Party" and collectively the "Parties" to the Terms set out herein. This document is not a solicitation for investment and does not constitute in any way to an offering of securities in any jurisdiction. This document sets out the Terms on which YDENTITY Tokens are offered for sale.
By purchasing YDENTITY Tokens, and to the maximum extent permitted by law, you hereby agree not to hold the Company and its respective past, present and future employees, officers, directors, contractors, consultants, equity holders, suppliers, vendors, service providers, parent companies, subsidiaries, affiliates, agents, representatives, predecessors, successors and assigns (the "BNL Team") liable for any losses or any special, punitive, direct or indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from, out of or in connection with the sale of YDENTITY Tokens, including losses associated with the terms set forth below.
THE COMPANY’S KYC AND PURCHASING PROCESSES ARE DESIGNED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT POSSIBLE TO PRECLUDE SALES OF YDENTITY TOKENS TO PURCHASERS FALLING INTO ANY OF THE ABOVE CLASS OF PERSONS AND ANY PURPORTED SALES TO SUCH PERSONS WHICH TAKE PLACE DUE TO ANY MISREPRESENTATION AS TO NATIONALITY OR RESIDENCY STATUS OF SUCH PERSON SHALL BE VOID AND IMMEDIATELY RESCINDED.
DO NOT PURCHASE YDENTITY TOKENS IF YOU ARE NOT AN EXPERT IN DEALING WITH CRYPTOGRAPHIC TOKENS AND BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS. PURCHASES OF YDENTITY TOKENS SHOULD BE UNDERTAKEN ONLY BY INDIVIDUALS, ENTITIES, OR COMPANIES THAT HAVE SIGNIFICANT EXPERIENCE WITH, AND UNDERSTANDING OF, THE USAGE AND INTRICACIES OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC TOKENS, INCLUDING BITCOINS, ETHEREUM TOKENS, AND BLOCKCHAIN BASED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS. PURCHASERS SHOULD HAVE A FUNCTIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF STORAGE AND TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER CRYPTOGRAPHIC TOKENS. WHILE THE COMPANY WILL BE AVAILABLE TO ASSIST PURCHASERS OF YDENTITY TOKENS DURING THE SALE, THE COMPANY WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY WAY FOR LOSS OF BTC, ETH OR YDENTITY TOKENS RESULTING FROM ACTIONS TAKEN BY, OR OMITTED BY PURCHASERS.
How can I buy a Ydentity token?
You can buy the tokens during our ICO which starts on May 7th 2018 with a pre-sale offering a 35% discount.
An Airdrop of a limited edition of free tokens will take place from May 1st.
When can I start using my Ydentity?
Your Ydentity™ will become tradable and useable at the end of Ydentity ICO core sale, on January 14th 2019.
What will be the Ycommunity features?
The Ycommunity will offer Ydentity active members to connect using an internal messaging system.
Expert-members will be able to bring community-compliant companies into the community and watchdog-members will be selected to ensure and oversee compliance with the community ethics.
Which sectors will be revolutionized by Ydentity?
Ydentity provides a secured, agnostic and encrypted ID that protects the identity of the token holder during web navigation. It will allow anonymous discovery of other persons, products and services. These features are in high demand in the social media and dating industries.
Which sectors will be revolutionized by Ydentity a method of risk profiling of natural persons?
Ydentity provides a risk level assessment that reflects the unique brain features of each person. This feature is in high demand for the insurance, investment and banking industries.
You can use bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) to purchase Ydentity (YDY) tokens.
10 million Ydentity™ tokens are available for free.
The proceeds will ensure that there is enough liquidity and material to achieve our growth targets.
o US$ 0.225 per token until the sale cap 0f US$ 50 million is reached.
The US Dollars to BTC or ETH exchange rate is used to dynamically set the BTC or ETH to YDENTITY Tokensrate.As a result, for the duration of the YDENTITY Tokens sale, the price to purchase the YDENTITY Tokens will be set as an amount in BTC and ETH.
Purchaser must have a BTC or Ethereum wallet that supports the ERC-20 token standard in order to receive any YDENTITY Tokens purchased from the Company.
How is my Ydentity protected from fraud and theft?
Ydentity™ keeps your private key offline, it belongs to you and is unique to you. Only a single identifier or hash will run in our permissionned blockchain which uses a defense-grade protection called Keyless Signature Infrastructure. This KSI is provided by GuardTime and provides a privacy shield.
Is KSI technology resistant to Quantum attack?
Yes KSI was designed to resist Quantum attacks.
How does Ydentity protect my identity during web navigation?
No one can track your Ydentity since it is only a hash of your private key unless you decide to disclose additional information to third parties by yourself.
How does Ydentity protect my personal information and data?
Ydentity does contain a very limited number of personal information and data such as your phone number and email address for signing up. This information is only manageable by yourself which makes Ydentity compliant to GDPR, Privacy Shield and Australia Privacy Act requirements.
Where can I use my Ydentity?
Ydentity™ can be used for general browsing on the internet and networking within the Ycommunity.
What is the Ycommunity?
The Ycommunity is the association of all Ydentity members committed to consensus and regulated by must-agreed rules and a strict code of ethics. The Ycommunity will open at the end of the ICO core sale when Ydentity tokens become tradable.
You need to buy a Ydentity token, download the Ydentity mobile App and sign up to complete the survey that will generate your new Ydentity.
This privacy policy sets out how Ydentity.org uses and protects any information that you give Ydentity.org when you use this website.
This policy is effective from March 31st 2018.
You may request details of personal information which we hold about you under applicable legislation. A small fee will be payable. If you would like a copy of the information held on you please email to |||EMAIL_ADDRESS||| Copyright © 2018 Bright Nation Limited. All rights reserved.
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2006,
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I'd like to request a showing of 1925 Robinhood Road, Vista, CA, 92084 (MLS #NDP2205010). Thank you!
I'd like a video tour of 1925 Robinhood Road, Vista, CA, 92084 (MLS® #NDP2205010). Thank you! | 65 | [
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TCP AND UDP | NETSCOUT
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is connection oriented, whereas UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is connection-less. Learn why this matters here. You've probably seen references to TCP and UDP when setting up In other words, whether you're sending a packet via TCP or UDP, that packet is sent to an IP address. If you lose your connection for a few seconds, the video may freeze or get jumpy for a moment pc-game-team-fortressusing-udp. That information is sent most often via two methods, UDP and TCP. higher load on the computer as it has to monitor the connection and the data going across it. the devices in between the sending computer and the receiving computer to get the data where it is supposed to go properly. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
TCP provides apps a way to deliver and receive an ordered and error-checked stream of information packets over the network. The User Datagram Protocol UDP is used by apps to deliver a faster stream of information by doing away with error-checking.
When configuring some network hardware or software, you may need to know the difference. Both protocols build on top of the IP protocol. However, they are the most widely used. The web server responds by sending a stream of TCP packets, which your web browser stitches together to form the web page.
When you click a link, sign in, post a comment, or do anything else, your web browser sends TCP packets to the server and the server sends TCP packets back. This sender chooses the sequence number to minimize the risk of using the already used sequence number. The client sends the packet with that sequence number and data along with the packet length field.
The server on receiving the packet sends ACK of the next expected sequence number. Thus, the sequence number are established between the Client and Server. Now, they are ready for the data transfer. Even while sending the data, same concept of the sequence number is followed.
For example, suppose the receiver has a byte buffer, as shown in Figure below. If the sender transmits a byte segment that is correctly received, the receiver will acknowledge the segment. However, since it now has only bytes of buffer space until the application removes some data from the bufferit will advertise a window of starting at the next byte expected. Now the sender transmits another bytes, which are acknowledged, but the advertised window is 0. The sender must stop until the application process on the receiving host has removed some data from the buffer, at which time TCP can advertise a larger window.
4. Packets and Protocols - Building Internet Firewalls, 2nd Edition [Book]
When the window is 0, the sender may not normally send segments, with two exceptions. First, urgent data may be sent, for example, to allow the user to kill the process running on the remote machine.
Second, the sender may send a 1-byte segment to make the receiver reannounce the next byte expected and window size. The TCP standard explicitly provides this option to prevent deadlock if a window announcement ever gets lost.
Building Internet Firewalls, 2nd Edition by D. Brent Chapman, Simon Cooper, Elizabeth D. Zwicky
Senders are not required to transmit data as soon as they come in from the application. Neither are receivers required to send acknowledgements as soon as possible.
When the first 2 KB of data came in, TCP, knowing that it had a 4-KB window available, would have been completely correct in just buffering the data until another 2 KB came in, to be able to transmit a segment with a 4-KB payload. This freedom can be exploited to improve performance. Consider a telnet connection to an interactive editor that reacts on every keystroke. Later, when the editor has read the byte, TCP sends a window update, moving the window 1 byte to the right.
This packet is also 40 bytes. Finally, when the editor has processed the character, it echoes the character as a byte packet.
In all, bytes of bandwidth are used and four segments are sent for each character typed. When bandwidth is scarce, this method of doing business is not desirable. One approach that many TCP implementations use to optimize this situation is to delay acknowledgments and window updates for msec in the hope of acquiring some data on which to hitch a free ride.
Assuming the editor echoes within msec, only one byte packet now need be sent back to the remote user, cutting the packet count and bandwidth usage in half. Although this rule reduces the load placed on the network by the receiver, the sender is still operating inefficiently by sending byte packets containing 1 byte of data.
A way to reduce this usage is known as Nagle's algorithm Nagle, What Nagle suggested is simple: Then send all the buffered characters in one TCP segment and start buffering again until they are all acknowledged. If the user is typing quickly and the network is slow, a substantial number of characters may go in each segment, greatly reducing the bandwidth used. The algorithm additionally allows a new packet to be sent if enough data have trickled in to fill half the window or a maximum segment.
Nagle's algorithm is widely used by TCP implementations, but there are times when it is better to disable it. In particular, when an X Windows application is being run over the Internet, mouse movements have to be sent to the remote computer. Gathering them up to send in bursts makes the mouse cursor move erratically, which makes for unhappy users. Another problem that can degrade TCP performance is the silly window syndrome.
This problem occurs when data are passed to the sending TCP entity in large blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving side reads data 1 byte at a time.
To see the problem, look at the figure below. Initially, the TCP buffer on the receiving side is full and the sender knows this i.
Then the interactive application reads one character from the TCP stream. This action makes the receiving TCP happy, so it sends a window update to the sender saying that it is all right to send 1 byte.
The sender obliges and sends 1 byte. The buffer is now full, so the receiver acknowledges the 1-byte segment but sets the window to 0. This behavior can go on forever. Clark's solution is to prevent the receiver from sending a window update for 1 byte. Instead it is forced to wait until it has a decent amount of space available and advertise that instead.
Specifically, the receiver should not send a window update until it can handle the maximum segment size it advertised when the connection was established or until its buffer is half empty, whichever is smaller. Furthermore, the sender can also help by not sending tiny segments. Instead, it should try to wait until it has accumulated enough space in the window to send a full segment or at least one containing half of the receiver's buffer size which it must estimate from the pattern of window updates it has received in the past.
Nagle's algorithm and Clark's solution to the silly window syndrome are complementary. Nagle was trying to solve the problem caused by the sending application delivering data to TCP a byte at a time. Clark was trying to solve the problem of the receiving application sucking the data up from TCP a byte at a time.
Both solutions are valid and can work together. The goal is for the sender not to send small segments and the receiver not to ask for them. The receiving TCP can go further in improving performance than just doing window updates in large units. Like the sending TCP, it can also buffer data, so it can block a READ request from the application until it has a large chunk of data to provide.
Doing this reduces the number of calls to TCP, and hence the overhead. Of course, it also increases the response time, but for noninteractive applications like file transfer, efficiency may be more important than response time to individual requests.
Another receiver issue is what to do with out-of-order segments. They can be kept or discarded, at the receiver's discretion. Of course, acknowledgments can be sent only when all the data up to the byte acknowledged have been received. If the receiver gets segments 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7, it can acknowledge everything up to and including the last byte in segment 2. When the sender times out, it then retransmits segment 3.
If the receiver has buffered segments 4 through 7, upon receipt of segment 3 it can acknowledge all bytes up to the end of segment 7.
Connection Establishment and Termination[ edit ] Establishing a Connection A connection can be established between two machines only if a connection between the two sockets does not exist, both machines agree to the connection, and both machines have adequate TCP resources to service the connection.
If any of these conditions are not met, the connection cannot be made. The acceptance of connections can be triggered by an application or a system administration routine. When a connection is established, it is given certain properties that are valid until the connection is closed. Typically, these will be a precedence value and a security value.
These settings are agreed upon by the two applications when the connection is in the process of being established. In most cases, a connection is expected by two applications, so they issue either active or passive open requests. Figure below shows a flow diagram for a TCP open. Address-based filtering will also be affected, to some extent, by the new autoconfiguration mechanisms.
While this is the intent of the standard mechanisms, one needs to be careful about proprietary schemes, dial-up servers, etc. Also, high-order address bits can change, to accommodate the combination of provider-based addressing and easy switching among carriers.
But they can also be used for firewalls, given appropriate authentication: This, by the way, is a vague idea of mine; there are no standards for how this should be done. But a firewall traversal header might do the job.
As you can see, IPv6 could have a major impact on firewalls, especially with respect to packet filtering. However, IPv6 is not being deployed rapidly. On the other hand, the problem of converting networks from IPv4 to IPv6 has turned out to be worse.
Most packet filtering implementations support IP filtering only and simply drop non-IP packets. The Internet is, by definition, a network of IP networks. If you are putting a firewall between parts of your network, you may find that you need to pass non-IP protocols. In this situation, you should be careful to evaluate what level of security you are actually getting from the filtering. Many packages that claim to support packet filtering on non-IP protocols simply mean that they can recognize non-IP packets as legal packets and allow them through, with minimal logging.
Products that were designed as IP routers but claim to support five or six other protocols are probably just trying to meet purchasing requirements, not to actually meet operational requirements well.
In most cases, you will be limited to permitting or denying encapsulated protocols in their entirety; you can accept all AppleTalk-in-UDP connections, or reject them all. A few packages that support non-IP protocols can recognize these connections when encapsulated and filter on fields in them.
You will often see attacks discussed using the names given to them by the people who wrote the original exploit programs, which are eye-catching but not informative. Port Scanning Port scanning is the process of looking for open ports on a machine, in order to figure out what might be attackable. Straightforward port scanning is quite easy to detect, so attackers use a number of methods to disguise port scans.
This is often called a SYN scan or a half open scan. Attackers may also send other packets, counting a port as closed if they get a RST and open if they get no response, or any other error. Almost any combination of flags other than SYN by itself can be used for this purpose, although the most common options are FIN by itself, all options on, and all options off.
For instance, teardrop and its relatives send overlapping fragments; there are also attacks that send invalid combinations of options, set invalid length fields, or mark data as urgent when no application would winnuke. When this happens, replies will be sent to the apparent source address, not to the attacker.
The attacker can intercept the reply. The attacker can intercept the reply If an attacker is somewhere on the network between the destination and the forged source, the attacker may be able to see the reply and carry on a conversation indefinitely. This is the basis of hijacking attacks, which are discussed in more detail later. This attack has a number of variants using different protocols and methods for multiplying the replies.
The most common method of multiplying the replies is to use a broadcast address as the source address. Attacker using forged packets to attack a third party The land attack sends a packet with a source identical to the destination, which causes many machines to lock up.
Attacker using looped forged packets Packet Interception Reading packets as they go by, frequently called packet sniffing, is a frequent way of gathering information. In order to read a packet, the attacker needs to get the packet somehow.
The easiest way to do that is to control some machine that the traffic is supposed to go through anyway a router or a firewall, for instance. An Ethernet network that uses a bus topology, or that uses base T cabling with unintelligent hubs, will send every packet on the network to every machine.
Token-ring networks, including FDDI rings, will send most or all packets to all machines. Using a network switch to connect machines is supposed to avoid this problem.
A network switch, by definition, is a network device that has multiple ports and sends traffic only to those ports that are supposed to get it. Unfortunately, switches are not an absolute guarantee.
Most switches have an administrative function that will allow a port to receive all traffic. Furthermore, switches have to keep track of which addresses belong to which ports, and they only have a finite amount of space to store this information. If that space is exhausted for instance, because an attacker is sending fake packets from many different addressesthe switch will fail. Some of them will stop sending packets anywhere; others will simply send all packets to all ports; and others provide a configuration parameter to allow you to choose a failure mode.
On a normal switch, all the ports are part of the same network. A switch that supports VLANs will be able to treat different ports as parts of different networks. | 3,014 | [
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C is a programming language developed at “AT & T’s Bell Laboratories” of USA in 1972 and it was developed by Dennis Ritchie. Aim of the c language to design the UNIX operating system (which is used on many computers). C is a powerful programming language than other programming language. C Language spread beyond
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Technology Courses for Virtual Address eXtension (VAX)
All IT Courses and Reviews can be editable through Desktop/Tablet. | 145 | [
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Ag.
What do Agloves have that ordinary gloves don’t? Agloves havereal silver in it which helps in controlling or interacting with your device or gadget. Having silver in the gloves makes it sound so expensive but the company who created Agloves made sure they come out affordable. Why silver? Silver is used in Agloves because it is known to be the most conductive metal that will help in the conduction of your own bioelectricity. By putting the silver in the gloves, it transfers your body’s electrical properties to the glove and then are picked up or detected by your touch screen gadget or device. What makes Aglove better than its competitors? Agloves allows you to use all your fingers and it is more conductive than other gloves. This is because of the presence of silver all over the gloves, meaning it pulls out bioelectricity not just on the tip of your finger but all throughout your hand. Benefits: Keeps you protected from the cold while interacting with your touch screen gadget or device (phone, game device, camera, and etc.). More interactive with touch screen device or gadget than any other gloves Pros: Soft (all over), does not have hard surface on the tips; light, stretchy and comfortable to wear Have high quality workmanship Can be machine/hand washed Allows you to use whichever finger you are comfortable to use on your touch screen device or gadget. Compared to another type of glove which only allows one or two fingers (the thumb and pointing finger) to be able to maneuver the touch screen device or gadget. Cons: Not masculine enough to wear because of the glitter effect that the silver flakes do The size is smaller/tighter than the usual size (for some); so choose a larger size if you decide to buy one Does not protect your hand from a much colder temperature Texting on your touch phone or using any of your touch screen gadget or device is something you wouldn’t want to do when it’s cold. Using your gadgets to monitor your pace, steps, heartbeat, etc., can now be possibly done with Agloves on. You can easily interact with your touch screen device or gadget without having to remove your hand protection from the cold when running, biking, hiking and other outdoor activities. Agloves come in different styles – Sport Touching gloves, Outdoor Research Sensor gloves and many more. So whether you’re doing hiking or biking or simply sitting or sipping your favorite hot drink, imagine how often will you be using your gadgets outdoors if you’re not on Agloves? Probably never! Perhaps, you’ll look for a warmer and more comfortable area in a café where you can manipulate your gadget without any gloves. Agloves then is probably one of the simplest and most functional inventions in modern times.
Using Agloves to handle touchscreens more precisely
Ag. | 591 | [
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Last Updated on August 3, 2022 by Guillermina
Why do hummingbirds hang upside down? Find out all the interesting things about their sleep schedule.
Hummingbirds are beautiful little creatures known for their fast flight. Did you know that wings beat an average of 10 to 15 times in just one second? There’s even a record of one specimen flapping its wings an incredible 80 times per second. When you consider all the effort they put in, it’s no wonder they get very tired at the end of the day.
We recently heard an interesting question: why do hummingbirds hang upside down? That is why we are here today to solve this great enigma. Stay with us and find out anything you might be interested in about their sleep.
Why Do Hummingbirds Hang Upside Down?
Like every other animal in this world, hummingbirds feel the need to sleep. However, keep in mind that their sleep is very different from the sleep of other animals, and this is because they have an incredibly high metabolic rate. So, why do hummingbirds hang upside down? Well, that’s why there is one characteristic reason named torpor, find out more about it below.
What Is Torpor?
So, the only logical answer to the question “why do hummingbirds hang upside down” is torpor. It is basically a state of hibernation that starts every night when they go to sleep. Due to their incredibly fast metabolism, these birds need a constant supply of energy. However, as you may have guessed, they can’t replenish energy while they sleep, so Mother Nature took care of that.
Namely, by their nature, these birds can slow down their metabolism while they sleep and speed it up again with the first rays of the sun. How is that even possible? They simply slow down their metabolism by significantly slowing down their heart rate and respiration as well as body temperature.
What we need to put special emphasis on is that during the night the body temperature of this bird is in a significant drop, which actually means that hummingbirds stay warm just enough to maintain normal body functions. We especially like how they carefully arrange their feathers to keep them warm enough.
In the next few sentences, you will get a few more little details about why do hummingbirds hang upside down. When in a state of torpor, the hummingbirds will quite frequently hang upside down, and they do so primarily because in this way they consume no energy other than that which they need to ensure that they do not fall down.
People who have seen a hummingbird in this condition often claim that the bird looked completely dead to them. Do you know what is most amazing? When the hummer is in a state of torpor, it is very likely that it will not move even if you touch it with your hand.
Are There Any Exceptions?
As with everything else, there are indeed some exceptions when it comes to the dream of these dazzling creatures.
In some areas where there may be plenty of unnatural light such as balconies, verandas, and porches, hummingbirds may continue to feed long into the night unaware that it is long overdue to sleep. This most often happens during warmer weather.
Furthermore, during a migration in which hummingbirds cross the Gulf of Mexico, the flight can last up to 20 hours without a suitable resting place. Hummingbirds will therefore fly until they complete the campaign and then sleep until they make up for the lost time.
Where Do Hummingbirds Most Often Sleep?
Hummingbirds usually sleep on the branch or twig of a tree, preferring to sleep sheltered by trees to be safe from predators and bad weather. They usually choose trees with spaced branches such as oak or birch because their characteristic leaves make it easier to hide.
It is no wonder that they always choose enclosed space, as in this way they protect themselves from predators, and in addition, it is much easier to go into a state of torpor. If they decide to take a nap outdoors, they will mostly choose places like wire or nectar feeders.
Why Do Hummingbirds Hang Upside Down? Final Verdict
Although this is not their completely natural sleeping position, these birds do sleep upside down. The main culprit for this is their fast metabolism which can deplete all their energy while they sleep.
This is why hummingbirds enter a state of torpor during the night in which they slow down their metabolism by significantly slowing down their heart rate and respiration as well as body temperature. Once they find a suitable place, their toes close tightly around their perch. We know it looks alarming, but it is harmless and completely natural!
Did you know why do hummingbirds hang upside down? Write to us in the section below.
What Does It Mean When A Hummingbird Hangs Upside Down?
If you notice a hummingbird hanging upside down, it is probably not dead but in a state of torpor. It is a state of hibernation that starts every night when they go to sleep. Hummingbirds use this condition to conserve energy until the morning when they can feed again.
How Long Does Hummingbird Torpor Last?
The length of the torpor varies, and can almost never be predicted. However, according to research, this condition can last anywhere from five to ten hours.
How Can You Tell If A Hummingbird Is In Torpor Or Dead?
It is very difficult to distinguish whether a hummingbird is dead or in a state of torpor, so without careful observation, you will not be able to determine anything.
Do Hummingbirds Sleep In The Same Place Every Night?
If they feel safe enough and have enough food sources, it is very likely that these birds will return to the same place every night to spend the night. | 1,203 | [
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<filename>pango-1.42.4/utils/viewer-cairo.c
/* viewer-cairo.c: Common code for Cairo-based viewers
*
* Copyright (C) 1999,2004,2005 Red Hat, Inc.
* Copyright (C) 2001 Sun Microsystems
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Library General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
* License along with this library; if not, write to the
* Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
* Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include "viewer-cairo.h"
#include "viewer-render.h"
#include <cairo.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB
#ifdef HAVE_XFT
#include "viewer-x.h"
#include <cairo-xlib.h>
static cairo_surface_t *
cairo_x_view_iface_create_surface (gpointer instance,
gpointer surface,
int width,
int height)
{
XViewer *x = (XViewer *)instance;
Drawable drawable = (Drawable) surface;
return cairo_xlib_surface_create (x->display, drawable,
DefaultVisual (x->display, x->screen),
width, height);
}
static void
cairo_x_view_iface_paint_background (gpointer instance G_GNUC_UNUSED,
cairo_t *cr)
{
cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1, 1, 1);
cairo_paint (cr);
if (opt_bg_set)
{
cairo_set_source_rgba (cr,
opt_bg_color.red / 65535.,
opt_bg_color.green / 65535.,
opt_bg_color.blue / 65535.,
opt_bg_alpha / 65535.);
cairo_paint (cr);
}
}
static CairoViewerIface cairo_x_viewer_iface = {
&x_viewer,
cairo_x_view_iface_create_surface,
cairo_x_view_iface_paint_background
};
#endif /* HAVE_XFT */
#endif /* HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB */
static cairo_surface_t *
cairo_view_iface_create_surface (gpointer instance,
gpointer surface,
int width,
int height)
{
return cairo_surface_reference (surface);
}
static gpointer
cairo_image_view_create (const PangoViewer *klass G_GNUC_UNUSED)
{
return NULL;
}
static void
cairo_image_view_destroy (gpointer instance G_GNUC_UNUSED)
{
}
static gpointer
cairo_image_view_create_surface (gpointer instance,
int width,
int height)
{
cairo_t *cr;
cairo_surface_t *surface;
/* TODO: Be smarter about format? */
surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height);
cr = cairo_create (surface);
cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
cairo_paint (cr);
cairo_destroy (cr);
return surface;
}
static void
cairo_image_view_destroy_surface (gpointer instance,
gpointer surface)
{
cairo_surface_destroy (surface);
}
const PangoViewer cairo_image_viewer = {
"CairoImage",
NULL,
NULL,
cairo_image_view_create,
cairo_image_view_destroy,
NULL,
cairo_image_view_create_surface,
cairo_image_view_destroy_surface,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL
};
static void
cairo_image_view_iface_paint_background (gpointer instance G_GNUC_UNUSED,
cairo_t *cr)
{
cairo_set_source_rgb (cr, 1, 1, 1);
cairo_paint (cr);
if (opt_bg_set)
{
cairo_set_operator (cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE);
cairo_set_source_rgba (cr,
opt_bg_color.red / 65535.,
opt_bg_color.green / 65535.,
opt_bg_color.blue / 65535.,
opt_bg_alpha / 65535.);
cairo_paint (cr);
}
}
static CairoViewerIface cairo_image_viewer_iface = {
&cairo_image_viewer,
cairo_view_iface_create_surface,
cairo_image_view_iface_paint_background
};
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_SVG_SURFACE
# include <cairo-svg.h>
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
# include <cairo-pdf.h>
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
# include <cairo-ps.h>
# if CAIRO_VERSION >= CAIRO_VERSION_ENCODE(1,6,0)
# define HAS_EPS 1
static cairo_surface_t *
_cairo_eps_surface_create (const char *filename,
double width,
double height)
{
cairo_surface_t *surface;
surface = cairo_ps_surface_create (filename, width, height);
cairo_ps_surface_set_eps (surface, TRUE);
return surface;
}
# else
# undef HAS_EPS
# endif
#endif
typedef cairo_surface_t *(*CairoVectorFileCreateFunc) (const char *filename,
double width,
double height);
typedef struct
{
const char *filename;
CairoVectorFileCreateFunc constructor;
} CairoVectorViewer;
static gpointer
cairo_vector_view_create (const PangoViewer *klass G_GNUC_UNUSED)
{
const char *extension = NULL;
CairoVectorFileCreateFunc constructor = NULL;
if (opt_output)
{
extension = strrchr (opt_output, '.');
if (extension)
extension++; /* skip the dot */
}
if (!extension)
return NULL;
if (0)
;
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_SVG_SURFACE
else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "svg"))
constructor = cairo_svg_surface_create;
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PDF_SURFACE
else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "pdf"))
constructor = cairo_pdf_surface_create;
#endif
#ifdef CAIRO_HAS_PS_SURFACE
else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "ps"))
constructor = cairo_ps_surface_create;
#ifdef HAS_EPS
else if (0 == g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, "eps"))
constructor = _cairo_eps_surface_create;
#endif
#endif
if (constructor)
{
CairoVectorViewer *instance;
instance = g_slice_new (CairoVectorViewer);
/* save output filename and unset it such that the viewer layer
* doesn't try to save to file.
*/
instance->filename = opt_output;
opt_output = NULL;
instance->constructor = constructor;
/* Fix dpi on 72. That's what cairo vector surfaces are. */
opt_dpi = 72;
return instance;
}
return NULL;
}
static void
cairo_vector_view_destroy (gpointer instance G_GNUC_UNUSED)
{
CairoVectorViewer *c = (CairoVectorViewer *) instance;
g_slice_free (CairoVectorViewer, c);
}
static gpointer
cairo_vector_view_create_surface (gpointer instance,
int width,
int height)
{
CairoVectorViewer *c = (CairoVectorViewer *) instance;
cairo_surface_t *surface;
surface = c->constructor (c->filename, width, height);
/*cairo_surface_set_fallback_resolution (surface, fallback_resolution_x, fallback_resolution_y);*/
return surface;
}
static void
cairo_vector_view_destroy_surface (gpointer instance,
gpointer surface)
{
/* TODO: check for errors */
cairo_surface_destroy (surface);
}
const PangoViewer cairo_vector_viewer = {
"CairoFile",
NULL,
NULL,
cairo_vector_view_create,
cairo_vector_view_destroy,
NULL,
cairo_vector_view_create_surface,
cairo_vector_view_destroy_surface,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL
};
static void
cairo_vector_view_iface_paint_background (gpointer instance G_GNUC_UNUSED,
cairo_t *cr)
{
if (opt_bg_set)
{
cairo_set_operator (cr, CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE);
cairo_set_source_rgba (cr,
opt_bg_color.red / 65535.,
opt_bg_color.green / 65535.,
opt_bg_color.blue / 65535.,
opt_bg_alpha / 65535.);
cairo_paint (cr);
}
}
static CairoViewerIface cairo_vector_viewer_iface = {
&cairo_vector_viewer,
cairo_view_iface_create_surface,
cairo_vector_view_iface_paint_background
};
gpointer
cairo_viewer_iface_create (const CairoViewerIface **iface)
{
gpointer ret;
*iface = &cairo_vector_viewer_iface;
ret = (*iface)->backend_class->create ((*iface)->backend_class);
if (ret)
return ret;
#ifdef HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB
#ifdef HAVE_XFT
if (opt_display)
{
*iface = &cairo_x_viewer_iface;
return (*iface)->backend_class->create ((*iface)->backend_class);
}
#endif /* HAVE_XFT */
#endif /* HAVE_CAIRO_XLIB */
*iface = &cairo_image_viewer_iface;
return (*iface)->backend_class->create ((*iface)->backend_class);
}
void
cairo_viewer_add_options (GOptionGroup *group G_GNUC_UNUSED)
{
}
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] |
For untold ages, the universe has inspired in human feelings of awe, wonder and sublimity which spur the latter on to explore its most mysterious corners and unveil its full grandeur. With the ever-perplexing black holes, the most massive merger was detected earlier by the 1,200 scientists-strong Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory Scientific Collaboration of which CUHK is a part, and its European counterpart named Virgo. This is the first time medium-sized black hole was discovered and, much to our delight, the discovery has dropped clues on how supermassive black holes come into being.
Black holes are eerie, dense regions of space-time from which nothing—not even light—can escape. Being incredibly dense, a black hole with the mass of the Sun would simply be about the size of Kowloon. Black holes can be divided into two types: one is those a few times the mass of the Sun that are corpses of stars collapsing under their own gravity. The other is supermassive ones with up to billions of times Sun’s mass that are located at the centre of most galaxies, including our Milky Way. Scientists had long conjectured the existence of a third, intermediate family of black holes that had remained elusive. Now the observation confirmed the educated guess and rewired the whole classification.
It was by the gravitational waves—the moans produced by the colliding bodies that we learnt that these comic titans once existed. It was revealed further that the black hole merger involved two black holes of approximately 85 and 66 times solar mass. With nine solar masses turned into gravitational waves, the fusion gave birth to a creature with 142 solar masses, falling in what many scientists had thought an impossible range and qualifying as a medium-mass black hole. On top of the collision, it was also thought that the two mammoths were themselves products of previous fusions, as black holes upwards of 65 Sun’s masses are considered too big to form from stellar collapse.
The group led by Prof. Tjonnie Li and Prof. Juan Calderon Bustillo of the Department of Physics was among the masterminds making sense of the wave signal. ‘Similar to the skeletons of dinosaurs, black holes allow us to do stellar archaeology, helping us understand how stars live and die,’ said Professor Calderon Bustillo. As pointed out by Professor Li, the discovery dovetails with the way we think supermassive black holes are formed. As the wave registered just the moment the final black hole was born, it’s still not clear what went before the merger. The grand jigsaw of the universe still awaits having its pieces fitted together by women and men willing to stretch their eyes and wits for divine revelations. | 558 | [
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/*
* Copyright (C) 1999 <NAME> (<EMAIL>)
* (C) 1999 <NAME> (<EMAIL>)
* Copyright (C) 2006, 2007, 2010 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Library General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License
* along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB. If not, write to
* the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
* Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*
*/
#include "third_party/blink/renderer/core/html/html_li_element.h"
#include "third_party/blink/renderer/core/css_property_names.h"
#include "third_party/blink/renderer/core/css_value_keywords.h"
#include "third_party/blink/renderer/core/dom/document.h"
#include "third_party/blink/renderer/core/dom/layout_tree_builder_traversal.h"
#include "third_party/blink/renderer/core/html/list_item_ordinal.h"
#include "third_party/blink/renderer/core/html/parser/html_parser_idioms.h"
#include "third_party/blink/renderer/core/html_names.h"
namespace blink {
using namespace HTMLNames;
inline HTMLLIElement::HTMLLIElement(Document& document)
: HTMLElement(liTag, document) {}
DEFINE_NODE_FACTORY(HTMLLIElement)
bool HTMLLIElement::IsPresentationAttribute(const QualifiedName& name) const {
if (name == typeAttr)
return true;
return HTMLElement::IsPresentationAttribute(name);
}
CSSValueID ListTypeToCSSValueID(const AtomicString& value) {
if (value == "a")
return CSSValueLowerAlpha;
if (value == "A")
return CSSValueUpperAlpha;
if (value == "i")
return CSSValueLowerRoman;
if (value == "I")
return CSSValueUpperRoman;
if (value == "1")
return CSSValueDecimal;
if (DeprecatedEqualIgnoringCase(value, "disc"))
return CSSValueDisc;
if (DeprecatedEqualIgnoringCase(value, "circle"))
return CSSValueCircle;
if (DeprecatedEqualIgnoringCase(value, "square"))
return CSSValueSquare;
if (DeprecatedEqualIgnoringCase(value, "none"))
return CSSValueNone;
return CSSValueInvalid;
}
void HTMLLIElement::CollectStyleForPresentationAttribute(
const QualifiedName& name,
const AtomicString& value,
MutableCSSPropertyValueSet* style) {
if (name == typeAttr) {
CSSValueID type_value = ListTypeToCSSValueID(value);
if (type_value != CSSValueInvalid)
AddPropertyToPresentationAttributeStyle(style, CSSPropertyListStyleType,
type_value);
} else {
HTMLElement::CollectStyleForPresentationAttribute(name, value, style);
}
}
void HTMLLIElement::ParseAttribute(const AttributeModificationParams& params) {
if (params.name == valueAttr) {
if (ListItemOrdinal* ordinal = ListItemOrdinal::Get(*this))
ParseValue(params.new_value, ordinal);
} else {
HTMLElement::ParseAttribute(params);
}
}
void HTMLLIElement::AttachLayoutTree(AttachContext& context) {
HTMLElement::AttachLayoutTree(context);
if (ListItemOrdinal* ordinal = ListItemOrdinal::Get(*this)) {
DCHECK(!GetDocument().ChildNeedsDistributionRecalc());
// Find the enclosing list node.
Element* list_node = nullptr;
Element* current = this;
while (!list_node) {
current = LayoutTreeBuilderTraversal::ParentElement(*current);
if (!current)
break;
if (IsHTMLUListElement(*current) || IsHTMLOListElement(*current))
list_node = current;
}
// If we are not in a list, tell the layoutObject so it can position us
// inside. We don't want to change our style to say "inside" since that
// would affect nested nodes.
if (!list_node)
ordinal->SetNotInList(true);
ParseValue(FastGetAttribute(valueAttr), ordinal);
}
}
void HTMLLIElement::ParseValue(const AtomicString& value,
ListItemOrdinal* ordinal) {
DCHECK(ListItemOrdinal::IsListItem(*this));
int requested_value = 0;
if (ParseHTMLInteger(value, requested_value))
ordinal->SetExplicitValue(requested_value, *this);
else
ordinal->ClearExplicitValue(*this);
}
} // namespace blink
| 1,571 | [
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] |
The Germania of Tacitus
by Madame de Staël
Customs and Peoples of Germany
"Germania," the full title of which is "Concerning the
Geography, the Manners and Customs, and the Peoples of
Germany," consists of forty-six sections, the first twenty-seven
describing the characteristics of the peoples, their customs, beliefs,
and institutions; the remaining nineteen dealing with the
individual peculiarities of each separate tribe. As a record of
the Teutonic tribes, written purely from an ethical and rhetorical
standpoint, the work is of the utmost importance, and, on the
whole, is regarded as trustworthy. Its weak point is its geography,
details of which Tacitus no doubt
gathered from hearsay. The main object of the work was not
so much to compose a history of Germany, as to draw a comparison
between the independence of the Northern peoples and
the corrupt civilisation of contemporary Roman life. Possibly,
also, Tacitus intended to sound a note of alarm.
I.—Germany and the German Tribes
The whole of Germany is thus bounded. It is separated
from Gaul, Rhætia, and Pannonia by the rivers
Rhine and Danube; from Sarmatia and Dacia by mutual
fear, or by high mountains; the rest is encompassed by
the ocean, which forms vast bays and contains many large
islands. The Rhine, rising from a rocky summit in the
Rhætian Alps, winds westward, and is lost in the northern
ocean. The Danube, issuing from Mount Abnoba,
traverses several countries and finally falls into the
I believe that the population is indigenous to Germany,
and that the nation is free from foreign admixture. They
affirm Germany to be a recent word, lately bestowed on
those who first passed the Rhine and repulsed the Gauls.
From one tribe the whole nation has thus been named.
They cherish a tradition that Hercules had been in
their country, and him they extol in their battle songs.
Some are of opinion that Ulysses also, during his long
wanderings, was carried into this ocean and entered
Germany, and that he founded the city Asciburgium,
which stands at this day upon the bank of the Rhine.
Such traditions I purpose myself neither to confirm nor
to refute; but I agree with those who maintain that the
Germans have never intermingled by marriages with
other nations, but have remained a pure, independent
people, resembling none but themselves.
With whatever differences in various districts, their
territory mainly consists of gloomy forests or insalubrious
marshes, lower and more humid towards Gaul,
more hilly and bleak towards Noricum and Pannonia.
The soil is suited to the production of grain, but less so
for the cultivation of fruits. Flocks and herds abound,
but the cattle are somewhat small. Their herds are their
most valued possessions. Silver and gold the gods have
denied them, whether in mercy or in wrath I cannot determine.
Nor is iron plentiful with them, as may be
judged from their weapons. Swords or long spears they
rarely use, for they fight chiefly with javelins and shields.
Their strength lies mainly in their foot, and such is
the swiftness of the infantry that it can suit and match
the motions and engagements of the cavalry.
Generals are chosen for their courage, kings are elected
through distinction of race. The power of the rulers is
not unlimited or arbitrary, and the generals secure obedience
mainly by force of the example of their own
enterprise and bravery.
Therefore, when going on a campaign, they carry with
them sacred images taken from the sacred groves. It is
their custom also to flock to the field of war not merely
in battalions, but with whole families and tribes of relations.
Thus, close to the scene of conflict are lodged
the most cherished pledges of nature, and the cries of
wives and infants are heard mingling with the echoes of
battle. Their wounds and injuries they carry to their
mothers and wives, and the women administer food and
encouragement to their husbands and sons even while
these are engaged in fighting.
II.—Customs of Government and War
Mercury is the god most generally worshipped. To
him at certain times it is lawful to offer even human sacrifices.
Hercules, Mars, and Isis are also recognised as
deities. From the majesty of celestial beings, the Germans
judge it to be unsuitable to hold their shrines within
walls, or to represent them under any human likeness.
They therefore consecrate whole woods and groves, and
on these sylvan retreats they bestow the names of the
deities, thus beholding the divinities only in contemplation
and mental reverence.
Although the chiefs regulate affairs of minor import,
the whole nation deliberates concerning matters of higher
consequence, the chiefs afterwards discussing the public
decision. The assemblies gather leisurely, for sometimes
many do not arrive for two or three days. The priests
enjoin silence, and on them is devolved the prerogative
of correction. The chiefs are heard according to precedence,
or age, or nobility, or warlike celebrity, or
eloquence. Ability to persuade has more influence than
authority to command. Inarticulate murmurs express
displeasure at a proposition, pleasure is indicated by the
brandishing of javelins and the clashing of arms.
Punishments vary with the character of crime. Traitors
and deserters are hanged on trees; cowards, sluggards,
and vicious women are smothered in bogs. Fines,
to be paid in horses or cattle, are exacted for lighter
offences, part of the mulct being awarded to the party
wronged, part to the chief.
The Germans transact no business without carrying
arms, but no man thus bears weapons till the community
has tested his capacity to wield them. When the public
approval has been signified, the youth is invested in the
midst of the assembly by his father or other relative with
a shield and javelin.
Their chief distinction is to be constantly surrounded
by a great band of select young men, for their honour
in peace and their help in warfare.
In battle it is disgraceful to a chief to be surpassed in
feats of bravery, and it is an indelible reproach to his
followers to return alive from a conflict in which their
prince has been slain. The chief fights for victory, his
followers fight for him. The Germans are so restless
that they cannot endure repose, and thus many of the
young men of rank, if their own tribe is tranquil, quit it
for a community which happens to be engaged in war.
In place of pay the retainers are supplied with daily repasts,
grossly prepared, but always profuse.
III.—Domestic Customs of the Germans
Intervals of peace are not much devoted to the chase
by the Germans, but rather to indolence, to sleep, and to
feasting. Many surrender themselves entirely to sloth
and gluttony, the cares of house, lands, and possessions
being left to the wives. It is an astonishing paradox that
in the same men should co-exist so much delight in idleness
and so great a repugnance to tranquil life.
The Germans do not dwell in cities, and endure no
contiguity in their abodes, inhabiting spots distinct and
apart, just as they fancy, a fountain, a grove, or a field.
Their villages consist of houses arranged in opposite
rows, not joined together as are ours. Each is detached,
with space around, and mortar and tiles are unknown.
Many, in winter, retreat to holes dug in the ground, to
which they convey their grain.
The laws of matrimony are strictly observed, and polygamy
is rarely practised among the Germans. The
dowry is not brought by the wife, but by the husband.
Conjugal infidelity is exceedingly rare, and is instantly
punished. In all families the children are reared without
clothing, and thus grow into those physical proportions
which are so wonderful to look upon. They are invariably
suckled by their mothers, never being entrusted to
nursemaids. The young people do not hasten to marry,
and thus the robust vigour of the parents is inherited by
No nation was ever more noted for hospitality. It is
esteemed inhuman to refuse to admit to the home any
stranger whatever. Every comer is willingly received
and generously feasted. Hosts and guests delight in
exchanging gifts. To continue drinking night and day is
no reproach to any man. Quarrels through inebriety are
very frequent, and these often result in injuries and in
fatalities. But likewise, in these convivial feasts they
usually deliberate about effecting reconciliation between
those who are at enmity, and also about forming affinities,
the election of chiefs, and peace and war.
Slaves gained in gambling with dice are exchanged in
commerce to remove the shame of such victories. Of
their other slaves each has a dwelling of his own, his
lord treating him like a tenant, exacting from him an
amount of grain, or cattle, or cloth. Thus their slaves
are not subservient as are ours. For they do not perform
services in the households of their masters, these
duties falling to the wives and children of the family.
Slaves are rarely seen in chains or punished with stripes,
though in the heat of passion they may sometimes be
Usury and borrowing at interest are unknown. The
families every year shift on the spacious plains, cultivating
fresh allotments of the soil. Only corn is grown, for
there is no inclination to expend toil proportionate to the
capacity of the lands by planting orchards, or enclosing
meadows, or watering gardens.
Their funerals are not ostentatious, neither apparel
nor perfumes being accumulated on the pile, though the
arms of the deceased are thrown into the fire. Little
demonstration is made in weeping or wailing, but the
grief endures long. So much concerning the customs of
the whole German nation.
IV.—Tribes of the West and North
I shall now describe the institutions of the several
tribes, as they differ from one another, giving also an
account of those who from thence removed, migrating to
Gaul. That the Gauls were more powerful in former
times is shown by that prince of authors, the deified
Julius Cæsar. Hence it is probable that they have passed
The region between the Hercynian forest and the
rivers Maine and Rhine was occupied by the Helvetians,
as was that beyond it by the Boians, both Gallic tribes.
The Treveri and Nervii fervently aspire to the reputation
of descent from the Germans, and the Vangiones,
Triboci, and Nemetes, all dwelling by the Rhine, are certainly
all Germans. The Ubii are ashamed of their origin
and delight to be called Agrippinenses, after the name
of the founder of the Roman colony which they were
judged worthy of being constituted.
The Batavi are the bravest of all these nations. They
inhabit a little territory by the Rhine, but possess an
island on it. Becoming willingly part of the Roman
empire, they are free from all impositions and pay no
tribute, but are reserved wholly for wars, precisely like
a magazine of weapons and armour. In the same position
are the Mattiaci, living on the opposite banks and enjoying
a settlement and limits of their own, while they
are in spirit and inclination attached to us.
Beginning at the Hercynian forest are the Catti, a
robust and vigorous people, possessed also of much sense
and ability. They are not only singularly brave, but are
more skilled in the true art of war than other Germans.
Near the Catti were formerly dwelling the Bructeri,
in whose stead are now settled the Chamani and the
Angrivarii, by whom the Bructeri were expelled and
almost exterminated, to the benefit of us Romans. May
the gods perpetuate among these nations their mutual
hatred, since fortune befriends our empire by sowing
strife amongst our foes!
The country of the Frisii, facing that of the Angrivarii
and the Chamani, is divided into two sections, called the
greater and the lesser, which both extend along the Rhine
to the ocean.
Hitherto I have been describing Germany towards the
west. Northward it stretches with an immense compass.
The great tribe of the Chauci occupy the whole region
between the districts of the Frisii and of the Catti. These
Chauci are the noblest people of all the Germans. They
prefer to maintain their greatness by justice rather than
by violence, seeking to live in tranquillity, and to avoid
quarrels with others.
By the side of the Chauci and the Catti dwell the
Cherusci, a people who have degenerated in both influence
and character. Finding no enemy to stimulate them,
they were enfeebled by too lasting a peace, and whereas
they were formerly styled good and upright, they are
now called cowards and fools, having been subdued by
the Catti. In the same winding tract live the Cimbri, close
to the sea, a tribe now small in numbers but great in fame
for many monuments of their old renown. It was in the
610th year of Rome, Cæcilius Metellus and Papirius
Carbo being consuls, that the first mention was made of
the arms of the Cimbri. From that date to the second
consulship of the Emperor Trajan comprehends an interval
of nearly 210 years; so long a period has our conquest
of Germany occupied. In so great an interval many have
been the disasters on both sides.
Indeed, not from the Samnites, or from the Carthaginians,
or from the people of Spain, or from all the tribes
of Gaul, or even from the Parthians, have we received
more checks or encountered more alarms. For the
passion of the Germans for liberty is more indomitable
than that of the Arsacidæ. What has the power of the
East to lay to our dishonour? But the overthrow and
abasement of Crassus, and the loss by the Romans of
five great armies, all commanded by consuls, have to be
laid to the account of the Germans. By the Germans,
also, even the Emperor Augustus was deprived of Varus
and three legions.
Only with great difficulty and the loss of many men
were the Germans defeated by Caius Marius in Italy, or
by the deified Julius Cæsar in Gaul, or by Drusus, or
Tiberius, or Germanicus in their native territories. And
next, the strenuous menaces of Caligula against these
foes ended in mockery and ridicule. Afterwards, for a
season they were quiet, till, tempted to take advantage
of our domestic schisms and civil wars, they stormed and
seized the winter entrenchments of our legions, and
attempted the conquest of Gaul. Though they were once
more repulsed, our success was rather a triumph than
an overwhelming victory.
V.—The Great Nation of the Suevi
Next I must refer to the Suevi, who are not, like the
Catti, a homogeneous people, but are divided into several
tribes, all bearing distinct names, although they likewise
are called by the generic title of Suevi. They occupy the
larger part of Germany. From other Germans they are
distinguished by their peculiar fashion of twisting their
hair into a knot, this also marking the difference between
the freemen and their slaves. Of all the tribes of the
Suevi, the Semnones esteem themselves to be the most
ancient and the noblest, their faith in their antiquity
being confirmed by the mysteries of their religion. Annually
in a sacred grove the deputies of each family clan
assemble to repeat the rites practised by their ancestors.
The horrible ceremonies commence with the sacrifice of
a man. Their tradition is that at this spot the nation
originated, and that here the supreme deity resides.
The Semnones inhabit a hundred towns, and by their
superior numbers and authority dominate the rest of the
On the contrary, the Langobardi are ennobled by the
paucity of their number, for, though surrounded by
powerful tribes, they assert their superiority by their
valour and skill instead of displaying obsequiousness.
Next come the Reudigni, the Aviones, the Angli, the
Varini, the Eudoses, the Suardones and the Nuithones,
all defended by rivers or forests.
These are marked by no special characteristics, excepting
the common worship of the goddess Nerthum, or
Mother Earth, of whom they believe that she not only
intervenes in human affairs, but also visits the nations.
In a certain island of the sea is a wood called Castum.
Here is kept a chariot sacred to the goddess, covered with
a curtain, and permitted to be touched only by her priest,
who perceives her whenever she enters the holy vehicle,
and with deepest veneration attends the motion of the
chariot, which is always drawn by yoked cows. Till the
same priests re-conducts the goddess to her shrine, after
she has grown weary of intercourse with mortals, feasts
and games are held with great rejoicings, no arms are
touched, and none go to war. Slaves wash the chariot
and curtains in a sacred lake, and, if you will believe it,
the goddess herself; and forthwith these unfortunate
beings are doomed to be swallowed up in the same lake.
This portion of the Suevian territory stretches to the
centre of Germany. Next adjoining is the district of
the Hermunduri (I am now following the course of the
Danube as I previously did that of the Rhine), a tribe
faithful to the Romans. To them, accordingly, alone of
all the Germans, is commerce permitted. They travel
everywhere at their own discretion. When to others we
show nothing more than our arms and our encampments,
to this people we open our houses, as to men who are not
longing to possess them. The Elbe rises in the territory
of the Hermunduri.
VI.—The Tribes of the Frontier
Near the Hermunduri reside the Narisci, and next the
Marcomanni and the Quadi, the former being the more
famed for strength and bravery, for it was by force
that they acquired their location, expelling from it the
Boii. Now, here is, as it were, the frontier of Germany,
as far as it is washed by the Danube. Not less powerful
are several tribes whose territories enclose the lands of
those just named—the Marsigni, the Gothini, the Osi,
and the Burii. The Marsigni in speech and dress resemble
the Suevi; but as the Gothini speak Gallic, and
the Osi the Pannonian language, and as they endure the
imposition of tribute, it is manifest that neither of these
peoples are Germans.
Upon them, as aliens, tribute is imposed, partly by the
Sarmatæ, partly by the Quadi, and, to deepen their disgrace,
the Gothini are forced to labour in the iron mines.
Little level country is possessed by all these several
tribes, for they are located among mountainous forest
regions, Suevia being parted by a continuous range of
mountains, beyond which live many nations. Of these,
the most numerous and widely spread are the Lygii.
Among others, the most powerful are the Arii, the Helveconæ,
the Manimi, the Elysii, and the Naharvali.
The Arii are the most numerous, and also the fiercest
of the tribes just enumerated. They carry black shields,
paint their bodies black, and choose dark nights for engaging
in battle. The ghastly aspect of their army strikes
terror into their foes, for in all battles the eyes are
vanquished first. Beyond the Lygii dwell the Gothones,
ruled by a king, and thus held in stricter subjection than
the other German tribes, yet not so that their liberties
are extinguished. Immediately adjacent are the Rugii
and the Lemovii, dwelling by the coast. The characteristic
of both is the use of a round shield and a short
Next are the Suiones, a seafaring community with
very powerful fleets. The ships differ in form from ours
in possessing prows at each end, so as to be always
ready to row to shore without turning. They are not
propelled by sails, and have no benches of oars at the
sides. The rowers ply in all parts of the ship alike, and
change their oars from place to place according as the
course is shifted hither and thither. Great homage is
paid among them to wealth; they are governed by a
single chief, who exacts implicit obedience. Arms are
not used by these people indiscriminately, as by other
German tribes. Weapons are shut up under the care
of a slave. The reason is that the ocean always protects
the Suiones from their foes, and also that armed bands,
when not employed, grow easily demoralised.
Beyond the Suiones is another sea, dense and calm.
It is thought that by this the whole globe is bounded,
for the reflection of the sun, after his setting, continues
till he rises, and that so radiantly as to obscure the stars.
Popular opinion even adds that the tumult is heard of
his emerging from the ocean, and that at sunrise forms
divine are seen, and also the rays about his head. Only
thus far extend the limits of Nature, if what fame
reports be true.
The Æstii reside on the right of the Suevian Sea.
Their dress and customs resemble those of the Suevi,
but the language is akin to that of Britain. They worship
the Mother of gods, and wear images of boars,
without any weapons, superstitiously trusting the goddess
and the images to safeguard them. But they cultivate
the soil with much greater zeal than is usual
with Germans, and they even search the ocean, and are
the only people who gather amber, which they find in
the shallows and along the shore. It lay long neglected
till it gained value from our luxury.
Bordering on the Suiones are the Sitones, agreeing
with them in all things excepting that they are governed
by a woman. So emphatically have they degenerated,
not merely from liberty, but even below a condition of
bondage. Here end the territories of the Suevi.
Whether I ought to include the Peucini, the Venedi, and
the Fenni among the Sarmatæ or the Germani I cannot
determine, although the Peucini speak the same language
with the Germani, dress, build, and live like them,
and resemble them in dirt and sloth.
What further accounts we have are fabulous, and
these I leave untouched. | 5,181 | [
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User talk:SilveryMinnow
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia.
[edit] Welcome!
Hello, SilveryMin] Hello SilveryMinnow
You have been adpoted by me. The Improver! Under me, you will turn from a n00b to an Uncyclopedian in no time flat. When I'm done with you, will be writing comedy gold that everyone will like.
Now into the more serious section, if you have any questions for me, leave them at my talkpage, if you want me to think if your article needs improvment. Leave it on my talkpage.
First task, since you claim to know HTBFANJS. Take one of your articles and read it thouroughly, then go back and read HTBFANJS. What do you find different about the article now. Leave it here. Again, Welcome! --The Improver talk • contribs • 03:20, Apr 23 2008 (UTC) | 207 | [
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2. You can import the organizational structure to Approveit.
💡 To do this you need to generate a .csv file first.
3. You can create your organizational structure right in Approveit.
💡 Just start typing a department / location / job title to create a new category.
1. First thing you have to select a department from the dropdown. Then select a job title from the dropdown list (you will see only the job titles that match the chosen department).
2. You can leave the job title empty. In this case, all employees inside the chosen department will be selected automatically.
Any questions? Contact us right away! | 140 | [
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How does a MySQL database work?
Like most database management systems out there, MySQL has a client-server architecture and can be used in a networked environment. The server program resides on the same physical or virtual system where the database files are stored, and it is responsible for all interactions with the databases.
What is the purpose of using MySQL?
MySQL is a relational database management system based on SQL – Structured Query Language. … The most common use for mySQL however, is for the purpose of a web database. It can be used to store anything from a single record of information to an entire inventory of available products for an online store.
What is MySQL explain briefly?
MySQL (/ˌmaɪˌɛsˌkjuːˈɛl/) is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). … A relational database organizes data into one or more data tables in which data types may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data.
Is MySQL the best?
As the world’s most popular DBMS – with 39% of developers using it in 2019 – MySQL is a fast, reliable, general-purpose, relational database management system. Although it lacks the extensive features of PostgreSQL, it’s an excellent match for a wide range of applications – especially web applications.
Why is MySQL so popular?
The MySQL development process focuses on offering a very efficient implementation of the features most people need. This means that MySQL still has fewer features than its chief open source competitor, PostgreSQL, or the commercial database engines.
What are the disadvantages of MySQL?
- MySQL lower version (5.0 or less) doesn’t support ROLE, COMMIT and stored procedure.
- MySQL does not support a very large database size as efficiently.
- MySQL doesn’t handle transactions very efficiently and it is prone to data corruption.
What is MySQL and its features?
MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) based on the SQL (Structured Query Language) queries. It is one of the most popular languages for accessing and managing the records in the table. MySQL is open-source and free software under the GNU license. Oracle Company supports it.
What is MySQL full form?
The full form of MySQL is My Structured Query Language. It’s used on Computing ,Programming & Development in Worldwide. MySQL is the most popular Open Source SQL database management system. It is named after co-founder Monty Widenius’s daughter, My.
What is difference between SQL and MySQL?
In a nutshell, SQL is a language for querying databases and MySQL is an open source database product. SQL is used for accessing, updating and maintaining data in a database and MySQL is an RDBMS that allows users to keep the data that exists in a database organized. SQL does not change (much), as it is a language.
Is SQL a coding language?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language, which is a programming language used to communicate with relational databases. The acronym is pronounced like the word sequel, but some people will just use the three letters S, Q, and L.
Which is better SQL or MySQL?
In terms of data security, the SQL server is much more secure than the MySQL server. In SQL, external processes (like third-party apps) cannot access or manipulate the data directly. While in MySQL, one can easily manipulate or modify the database files during run time using binaries.
Is MySQL easy to learn?
Beginner Series: MySQL Tutorial
MySQL is a popular database platform for businesses because it is extremely easy to use. It is commonly used in combination with PHP. You hear “it’s easy to work with” a lot in relation to computer languages, but MySQL truly is simple. | 801 | [
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Every financial crisis is inherently unknowable – before it occurs, and as it occurs. By contrast, we understand past crises very well. Accountants go over the books, the participants tell their tales to the newspapers (or sometimes before a judge), politicians explain why they are sorting out a mess, and in the end historians put together a story.
Because the past is knowable, the best way of understanding a current crisis is to search for a model in past experiences, even those that are long past. But which is the right template?
Often the choice depends less on a rational assessment of similarities and differences than on gut feelings, proclivities to optimism or pessimism, or political orientation. Currently, two dates are circulating widely, 1907 and 1931.
At the beginning of the current credit crunch, many historically minded people picked 1907 as the key precedent. Not only is it an arithmetically neat 100 years in the past, but it also looked like an attractive parallel. The crisis of 1907 was both immediately devastating, provoking a massive but short economic downturn, and, as it turned out, easily resolved.
The 1907 panic started in the United States, owing to a rise in interest rates as farmers in the West were paid for their crops and financial scandals in New York that seemed to implicate a large financial institution, the Knickerbocker trust.
Suddenly, as today, even big banks did not trust each other. The breakdown was fundamentally a liquidity crisis, and liquidity was easily restored in several ways: the New York banks issued their own liquidity through a clearing house; one massively powerful financial institution, J.P. Morgan, bought up collapsing shares, and thus reversed a market panic and a scramble for liquidity; and European central banks supplied gold to the American market.
The obvious lesson of 1907 that Americans learned was that central banks were the best placed institutions to restore liquidity in a financial panic, and, in the longer run, monetary reform gave the US its own central bank, the Federal Reserve, by 1914. So 1907 became a comforting mantra in times of financial stress: a crisis cannot happen as long as the central bank understands the problem of liquidity.
There are modern parallels. The Fed and the European Central Bank have recently pumped massive amounts of liquidity into the global financial system. Strategically placed private institutions have done their part to shore up confidence. Goldman Sachs, for example, has made a point of publicly buying endangered assets in its Global Equities Opportunity Fund.
The darker parallel is to the Great Depression of the 1930’s, when no amount of liquidity helped. This is the historical analogy drawn by those who want governments to do more, particularly banks that feel vulnerable and desperately need a public bailout. In August 2007, some German banks, at the earliest signs of difficulty because of their exposure to US sub-prime mortgages, started to talk only of 1931.
In the Great Depression, bank collapses made the downturn far worse. They were contagious across national frontiers. Governments not only needed to help by providing a combination of public assistance and new legislation guaranteeing deposits, but also were called on to shield their constituencies from destabilizing international influences.
This nationalist-minded rhetoric has returned in the financial crisis of 2007. Germans do not see why they should be vulnerable because of poor quality mortgage lending in American inner cities. Depositors with the British bank Northern Rock blame American developments for the credit turbulence that made it impossible for the bank to continue to fund its lending.
Neither of these apparent historical parallels is convincing. We are not living in 1907, when the gold standard limited the ability of central banks to supply additional liquidity. Nor, following the fastest five-year period of economic growth in human history, are collapsing prices endangering the financial system, as they did during the Great Depression.
Today, the responses to the 1907 and 1931 crises would only make matters worse. The continuous injection of liquidity would imply a greater likelihood of renewed asset bubbles in housing, equities, or modern art. Government stabilization of the banking system can either be international, provoking complaints by outraged taxpayers about subsidizing others, or national, but only at the cost of greatly extended regulation of capital movements. Both courses are unnecessary.
If today’s credit crunch has historical parallels, they are closer to nineteenth-century “normal crises” like 1837, 1847, or 1857. In those panics, financial innovation caused uncertainty and nervousness, but also induced an important and beneficial learning process. The financial institutions that survived the crises went on to play a crucial role in pushing further development, and they had enhanced reputations because they withstood a crisis.
Sometimes monetary and fiscal authorities have an obligation to ignore the wilder historical parallels and look at a broader picture. Sometimes, too, the best response to a crisis is this: don’t just do something; stand there and do nothing. | 994 | [
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The question is: Will revising your current project to an acceptable standard be more time efficient than starting over and get to the same point with a new project? You also have the option of scavenging your current project for useful parts and using it in a complete rewrite.
The sunk cost fallacy is thinking that the hours of work already put in matters in this equation, only the question of efficiency going forward should have bearing on the decision. (This applies to business practices, not as much in a creative project.)
There are other things to consider. What will be more fun? And what will you learn the most from?
I can't tell you what will be more fun, but I find you learn a ton editing and revising a project. So from that perspective, staying on the current project might be worth it even if it's more time consuming and less fun. | 180 | [
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Yes, I did! And thanks! It was a lot of work but I did 95% of everything myself. At one point I hired a publicist to help get reviews from larger media outlets, since that was something I was initially struggling to figure out, but I actually found that reaching out personally to people via routes like twitter and email were the most successful way to get the word out. I handled all the costs as well.
It's totally been worth it, though! Having control over the success of my own graphic novel is something that was really important to me. | 117 | [
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The Book of Mosiah is the eighth book in the Book of Mormon…
Mosiah is most likely linked to the Hebrew term; “Moshia”, which represents a Champion of Justice against oppression, appointed by God, whose Mission is to liberate a chosen people from oppression, especially by non-violent means.
Chapters 2-5 encompasses the speech given by King Benjamin to his people.
Following from Mosiah 3, the people after hearing the words which King Benjamin shared with them, they immediately fell to the earth in fear, because “…they had viewed themselves in their own carnal state, even less than the dust of the earth. And they all cried aloud with one voice, saying: O have mercy, and apply the atoning blood of Christ that we may receive forgiveness of our sins, and our hearts may be purified; for we believe in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who created heaven and earth, and all things; who shall come down among the children of men.” (Mosiah 4:2) Upon speaking these words they were instantly filled with peace, knowing that they had received a remission of their sins, having a clean conscience.
After seeing the people fall to the earth and repent, King Benjamin continues his address…
“I say unto you, if ye have come to a knowledge of the goodness of God, and his matchless power, and his wisdom, and his patience, and his long-suffering towards the children of men; and also, the atonement which has been prepared from the foundation of the world, that thereby salvation might come to him that should put his trust in the Lord, and should be diligent in keeping his commandments, and continue in the faith even unto the end of his life, I mean the life of the mortal body—I say, that this is the man who receiveth salvation, through the atonement which was prepared from the foundation of the world for all mankind, which ever were since the fall of Adam, or who are, or who ever shall be, even unto the end of the world. And this is the means whereby salvation cometh. And there is none other salvation save this which hath been spoken of; neither are there any conditions whereby man can be saved except the conditions which I have told you.” (Mosiah 4:6-8)
This is a subject of contention for many, Salvation. How does it come? Some believe that you can be saved by simply allowing Jesus into your life. Is it really that simple though? King Benjamin makes it clear that Salvation comes only through obedience to the commandments that have been given to us. It is true that through the atonement of Jesus Christ all mankind have been loosed from the bonds of death and now have a path to return to our Heavenly Father. However, this “path” if you will is open for all, but it still requires someone to have the desire to stay on the path. It is not enough to simply step on the path and be done. You cannot be saved by simply accepting Jesus in your heart. It’s not that simple, accepting Him means more than just expressing this through words, it also takes an action. We must show our acceptance of Jesus Christ through our works. The great part about the atonement? We don’t have to be perfect, as we walk the path, there will be times we wonder off. But through repentance we can always jump back on the path and follow His commandments.
King Mosiah then explains that we must; “Believe in God; believe that he is, and that he created all things, both in heaven and in earth; believe that he has all wisdom, and all power, both in heaven and in earth; believe that man doth not comprehend all the things which the Lord can comprehend.” (Mosiah 4:9) Isn’t that interesting? Man does not comprehend all things, which the Lord comprehends. God has not asked any of us to be perfect. What He HAS asked us to do, is to try. To sincerely give it our all! He wants us to get on that path and stay there! The path is not easy, this life is not easy. But it is for our benefit, so that we can return to live with Him!
King Benjamin reminds them that they all must “…believe that ye must repent of your sins and forsake them, and humble yourselves before God; and ask in sincerity of heart that he would forgive you.. if ye do this ye shall always rejoice, and be filled with the love of God, and always retain a remission of your sins; and ye shall grow in the knowledge of the glory of him that created you, or in the knowledge of that which is just and true.” (Mosiah 4:10;12)
King Benjamin explains that if we follow His path, we will be filled with joy and will not have a reason to harm others. In fact, if we follow His commandments, we will have only the greatest desires for our own children and loved ones. We shall even have a love for our neighbors, and spread that joy!
“…ye yourselves will succor those that stand in need of your succor; ye will administer of your substance unto him that standeth in need; and ye will not suffer that the beggar putteth up his petition to you in vain, and turn him out to perish. Perhaps thou shalt say: The man has brought upon himself his misery; therefore I will stay my hand, and will not give unto him of my food, nor impart unto him of my substance that he may not suffer, for his punishments are just—But I say unto you, O man, whosoever doeth this the same hath great cause to repent; and except he repenteth of that which he hath done he perisheth forever, and hath no interest in the kingdom of God. For behold, are we not all beggars? Do we not all depend upon the same Being, even God, for all the substance which we have, for both food and raiment, and for gold, and for silver, and for all the riches which we have of every kind?” (Mosiah 4:16-19)
King Benjamin reminds those gathered and the readers in our day that everyone needs some help from time to time. For are we not all beggars? No one can honestly say that they have become wealthy and wise all on their own. Everyone stands in need of help, and everyone has had help in their success! He even chastises those who say; “…I give not because I have not, but if I had I would give.” (Mosiah 4:24) This is not an excuse, everyone has something to give, even if it is their time!
King Benjamin imparts some wisdom:
- Give of yourself, your talents and your wealth. If you do not have money to give, then lend a helping hand. Physically, mentally or emotionally help those in need. “I would that ye should impart of your substance to the poor, every man according to that which he hath, such as feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, visiting the sick and administering to their relief, both spiritually and temporally, according to their wants.” (Mosiah 4:26)
- Do not run faster than you have strength! Everything has it’s time and place, there is no need to work harder than you are physically or mentally able. All that God asks of us is to do OUR best. “…see that all these things are done in wisdom and order; for it is not requisite that a man should run faster than he has strength. And again, it is expedient that he should be diligent, that thereby he might win the prize; therefore, all things must be done in order. (Mosiah 4:27)
- If you borrow something, return it. This goes for something physical, like borrowing a a tool from a neighbor. But this also goes for something intangible. If you receive help from someone, return the favor! “…whosoever among you borroweth of his neighbor should return the thing that he borroweth, according as he doth agree, or else thou shalt commit sin…” (Mosiah 4:28) | 1,729 | [
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LONDON, UK – May 20th, 2010 – Mind Candy, the UK-based developer of the children’s free-to-play online game Moshi Monsters, today announced the widespread launch of their first-ever membership gift card in conjunction with InComm. Initial retail launch partners include major drug, grocery, and specialty retailers including Blockbuster, GameStop, Sainsbury’s, WHSmith and more. The new “Game Time” cards will offer consumers one and six-month memberships to the world of Moshi Monsters, one of the fastest growing children’s sites in the world with fast approaching 20 million registered players.
With both one and six-month cards available, the Moshi Monsters membership cards are a great way to gain access to all of the membership-only features including lots of fun additional games and content.
Moshi Monsters offers a unique combination of adoptable virtual monsters, social gameplay and fun educational puzzles that appeal to both children and parents. Within the game players choose from one of six monsters to customize and nurture. Once players customize their pet, they then navigate the magical world by solving puzzles that test a variety of skills including basic math, spatial awareness, logic and vocabulary. As players solve puzzles, their pet monsters earn Rox, the in-game currency that can be used to purchase accessories to customize their virtual homes.
For more information on the Moshi Monsters membership cards and where to purchase them, visit http://www.moshimonsters.com/timecard.
| 313 | [
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The Developmental Assets Profile is social-emotional assessment which measures the internal strengths and external supports of young people, and their growth in these key areas over time.
CASEL’s interactive SEL Assessment Guide helps educators select and use the most popular SEL student assessments.
A short collection of activities to help middle and high school students develop the key self-care practice of positive self-talk, ranging from affirmations to gratitude.
Free games for team building, cooperation, and collaboration
Offers a range of activities to help students continue to develop socially, emotionally, and personally with their peers. While all activities focus on relationship building, some couple that with basic tasks such as attendance and grade checks.
Best practices for choice board setup, technology, grading, and more.
A mini guide that includes a sample digital choice board to help school leaders use choice boards to develop virtual communities, focus on social- emotional learning and college/career readiness, and introduce new types of activities for students.
CASEL’s Strategies for Elevating Student Voice offers examples of ways staff can support and elevate a broad range of student perspectives and experiences. This tool includes classroom-based strategies such as interactive pedagogy, classroom community building, and project-based learning.
How Do I Teach Online and In Person at the Same Time? Your Questions, Answered gives an array of technology solutions and other strategies to support teachers doing simultaneous remote and hybrid instruction.
This Edutopia article provides four assessment strategies that can help maximize teachers’ in-person time and promote rich, engaging assessment: • One-on-one conferences • Higher-order thinking assignments • Digital quizzes (Common Sense Education has a “best of” list) • Digital writing discussions | 362 | [
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5 Ways for Policymakers to Improve Education Quality Recognize and solve the problem of overpopulation. Make education finance a top priority. The school-to-prison pipeline must be addressed. Raise the bar for educators. Put choices about classroom management and curriculum development in the hands of the community.
Similarly, How can we change our education system?
What Should Be Changed in the Indian Education System to Improve Quality. Encourage others to do research. Different Opportunities are presented. Educators who know what they’re doing. Trends in Technology One-on-one instruction. Remove Reservation from the equation. Co-Curricular Activities are activities that take place outside of the classroom. Allow for private investment in education.
Also, it is asked, What is wrong with the American education system?
Overcrowding is a problem in our schools. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 14 percent of American schools are overcrowded. Overcrowded classrooms make it considerably more difficult to learn and even more difficult for instructors to be successful at a time when students need more attention than ever before.
Secondly, How can American education be improved?
Make education finance a top priority. The school-to-prison pipeline must be addressed. Raise the bar for educators. Put choices about classroom management and curriculum development in the hands of the community.
Also, What is the biggest problem of our educational system?
Education Model That Is Outdated Today’s education system faces several issues. However, one of the most significant obstacles is the antiquated educational approach. The educational approach does not cater to the demands of today’s pupils.
People also ask, Why us education is failing?
According to the National Center for Education Statistics, 14 percent of US schools are overcrowded. Overcrowded classrooms make it even more difficult to study and for educators to be successful at a time when students need more attention than ever before.
Related Questions and Answers
What government should do to improve education?
Three measures that may help create the ideal environment for providing high-quality education: Infrastructure that is well-maintained: Teaching and Teacher Quality: Extra-Curricular Activities (Extra-Curricular Activities): Report on the State of Education in 2017: Addressing Gaps in Indian Education is a pressing need.
How can we solve lack of education?
Solutions to a Skill Gap in Education Infrastructure for schooling should be improved. Financial assistance to low-income households. Raise public awareness about the value of education. More tolerance when it comes to schooling. Wages at the bare minimum. In terms of social security, the quality has improved. Health insurance has improved.
Which country is number 1 in education?
The United States of America
Which country has best education system?
The United States is ranked first in the world in terms of education. From 2020, there has been no change in rank. United Kingdom is a country in Europe. Germany is ranked second in the world for education. Canada is ranked third in the world for education. France is ranked fourth in the world in terms of education. Switzerland is ranked #5 in the world for education. Japan is ranked #6 in the world for education. Australia is ranked #7 in the world for education. Education is ranked #8 in the world.
Who controls the US education system?
In the United States, education is essentially a state and municipal duty. States and towns, as well as public and private organizations of all types, are responsible for establishing schools and colleges, developing curriculum, and determining admissions and graduation criteria.
Why we need to change the education system?
Increased globalisation, technological breakthroughs, and advances in research into teaching and learning methodologies are all reasons why educational transformation is required.
Why we shouldn’t change the education system?
Students will not be taught to come up with alternate answers to common issues in school. School is designed to teach just one correct answer to each issue; it is designed to recreate the old world, while we are here to create a new one. That is why we should not modify the educational system; it was designed to be that way.
What problems should be solved in education?
#1: Education’s Response to the Coronavirus#7: Education’s Response to the Flu#2: Education’s Response to the Flu#3: Education’s Response to the Flu#4: Education’s Response to the Flu#5: Education’s Response to #2: Funding for K-12 education. #3: Recruiting, training, and retaining qualified educators. #4: Providing a Safe and Nurturing Learning Environment #5: Universal Pre-K Education and Childcare. #6: Preparing Students for the Workforce of the Future
What is the problem with today’s education system?
The biggest issue in the growth of education is a lack of appropriate money. Education spending has been declining in Five Year Plans. Most educational institutions lack infrastructure, scientific equipment, and libraries, among other things, due to a lack of money. As a consequence, the expected outcomes are not possible.
What are the current issues in education today?
Concerns about the Educational System Education of high quality. First and foremost, there is the issue of educational quality. Education is included in the budget. Education Affordability Rate of Dropout (Out-of-school youth) Mismatch. ‘Brain Drain’ is a term used to describe There is a social divide. In public schools, there are a lack of facilities and a teacher shortage.
Is school waste of time?
The majority of a child’s youth is spent at school, which isn’t necessarily the most efficient use of their time. It’s about quality, not number, as with most things in life, yet conventional education concentrates on cramming as many hours as possible into the school day.
Is the American education system good?
On worldwide measures of scholastic proficiency in science and mathematics, the United States ranks towards the bottom of the developed countries. Not only might American schools do worse than foreign educational systems, but they could also do so while using more resources.
How can we make education available to everyone?
What Can Be Done to Make Learning More Accessible to All Students? Add captions to your videos. For many pupils, watching videos has become their favourite method of learning. Lectures and seminars should be transcribed. PDFs should be avoided. Accessibility settings may be found using tools.
What needs to be done to reform public education in the United States?
Top 10 School Reform Ideas Long-term planning. Leadership that lasts. High Expectations. Commitment to Fairness. Teachers and school leaders of the highest caliber. Alignment and coherence are two terms that come to mind while discussing alignment and coherence. Accountability that is intelligent. Effective Resource Management.
What country has the most lack of education?
South Sudan is a country in Africa. (literacy rate of 35% In South Sudan, about two million youngsters are unable to attend school. UNICEF. Mali. Central African Republic has a literacy rate of 35%. Burkina Faso has a literacy rate of 37%. (literacy rate: 41%) Benin. (literacy rate: 42%) Afghanistan. (literacy rate: 43%) Sierra Leone is a country in West Africa. (literacy rate: 43%) Côte d’Ivoire is a country in West Africa. (There are 47 percent of the population who are literate.)
What country has the smartest students?
The ten nations with the highest IQs are as follows: Japan is a country that has a (106.48) Taiwan is a country in Taiwan (106.47) Singapore is a city-state in Southeast (105.89) Hong Kong is a city in Hong Kong (105.37) China is a country that has a (104.1) South Korea (South Korea) (102.35) Belarus is a country in Europe (101.6) Finland is a country in Northern Europe (101.2)
Which country does not have exams?
Except for one exam at the conclusion of a student’s final year of high school, Finland has no mandatory standardized assessments. There are no comparisons, rankings, or competition among students, schools, or areas. Finland’s public schools are financed by the government.
Is education free in China?
China provides free, obligatory education for nine years, however fees are charged at state-run senior secondary institutions. Charges in disadvantaged regions may amount to more than 80% of a person’s net income, making it one of the world’s greatest such burdens.
Is education free in USA?
In the United States, there is a public school. Every state in the United States recognizes the right to an education for children. Everyone has access to public education, which is free and open to everyone. To attend public school, you do not need to be a citizen.
Is public school free in USA?
Every state has a public school system that provides every kid with a free education. Government-run schools are governed by federal, state, and municipal legislation.
Why is American education the best?
The United States has some of the best institutions in the world, with several of them continuously rating high in international university rankings. American universities are also noted for having high academic standards, adhering to strict quality-control measures, and being well-supported in order to provide outstanding education to their students.
This Video Should Help:
The “how to improve our education system essay” is a question that has been asked many times. The answer to the question, however, is not as easy as it seems.
- how to improve education system
- why the american school system needs to change
- characteristics of u.s. education system
- 10 reasons the u.s. education system is failing
- how to improve the quality of education in school pdf | 2,087 | [
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#ifndef ISEARCHINFOPROVIDER_H
#define ISEARCHINFOPROVIDER_H
#include <QList>
#include <QVector>
namespace vnotex
{
class Node;
class Notebook;
class Buffer;
class ISearchInfoProvider
{
public:
ISearchInfoProvider() = default;
virtual ~ISearchInfoProvider() = default;
virtual QList<Buffer *> getBuffers() const = 0;
virtual Node *getCurrentFolder() const = 0;
virtual Notebook *getCurrentNotebook() const = 0;
virtual QVector<Notebook *> getNotebooks() const = 0;
};
}
#endif // ISEARCHINFOPROVIDER_H
| 240 | [
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You may have heard or seen a T-number given to flour. The “T” rating, which originates from France (1963), refers to the type. Numbers span a scale from 45 to 150. Let’s take a closer look at what the T rating means.
How is a T number given?
To reach the number, a lab test is undertaken by burning flour (5g) for 60-80 minutes at 900°C. Flour is made up of starch, sugar, and minerals. The starch and sugar will disintegrate in this heat. This results in a small amount of ash left behind from the minerals and parts of the bran. The remaining ash is measured to get the number. To use T45 as an example, 0.45% ash content is left for flour of this type using the above test.
The Scale of Numbers
The T rating starts at T45 and goes up to T150. T45 is fine, and T150 is coarse. A T45 is heavily refined white flour with all bran removed. At the other end of the scale, T150 will contain a lot of bran (whole meal). Bran is packed full of nutritious content like fibre, vitamins, and minerals. Generally speaking, the higher the T number, the higher the health benefits. A low T-value flour is very light and powdery. These qualities help to produce light, airy, and bubbly sourdough breads.
|T rating||Mineral Content||Character||Uses|
|T45||0.45%||White, Light, Consistant, Flavourless, Equivalent to 00 Flour||Pizza, Cakes, Croissants, Brioche, Puff Pastry, Pasta|
|T55||0.55%||White, Light, Consistant, Slight Flavour, Equivalent to 0 Flour||Pizza, Cakes, Croissants, Brioche, Puff Pastry, Danish Pastry, Pasta|
|T65||0.65%||Versatile, Mixture of Brown & White Colour, Light Flavour||Baguettes, Artisan Breads, Biscuits, Pasta|
|T80||0.80%||Mixture of Brown & White Colour, Moderate Flavour, Moderately Nutritious||Artisan Breads, Sourdough Breads, Pasta, Pastry|
|T150||1.50%||Nutritious, Very Coarse, Brown, Strong Taste, High Fibre||Wholemeal Bread|
(Note: ‘Mineral Content’ is a rough guide and the exact classification can deviate slightly.)
T45 – contains no bran (usually sieved out), and is super-refined, light, and white.
T150 – contains bran (whole meal), packed with nutrition, heavier, richer in taste, and brown
T80 flour – contains part of the bran. This is a balanced all-purpose flour that’s a usual choice for plain flour.
Does a T rating indicate protein strength?
A T rating does not indicate protein strength. It simply indicates colour and texture.
Buy T-Rated Flour
The “W” flour rating is a way to tell how strong or weak flour is for making bread. A high “W” rating means the flour is strong and good for bread, while a low “W” rating means it’s weaker and better for cakes and pastries. So, higher “W” for bread, lower “W” for cakes.
How is the W rating calculated?
The “W” flour rating comes from testing the strength of flour. It’s a measure of how well flour can make bread dough hold together and rise. To get this rating, they use a machine to stretch and pull the dough, and the “W” number tells us how strong the flour is. Higher “W” means strong flour, good for bread, while a lower “W” means weaker flour, better for cakes and pastries.
Where is the W rating used?
The “W” flour rating is commonly used in Europe to classify types of flour.
Does the ‘W’ flour rating denote protein content?
Yes, the “W” flour rating is related to the protein content in flour. A higher “W” rating typically indicates higher protein content, which means the flour is stronger and better for making bread. Lower “W” ratings correspond to lower protein content, which is better for cakes and pastries. So, the “W” rating helps bakers choose the right flour for their specific baking needs based on protein content and strength.
|90 – 160||Weak flour||9% – 10%||Biscuits, cakes.|
|160 – 250||Medium flour||10% – 12.5%||Pizza, focaccia, baguettes and other bread.|
|above 300||Strong flour||above 13%||Sourdough bread.| | 1,082 | [
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] |
An epidemic is when a disease spreads over one region and a pandemic is when a disease spreads worldwide
An epidemic is when a disease spreads in the United States only and a pandemic is when a disease spreads in places other than the U.S.
An epidemic is when a disease can be cured and a pandemic is when a disease can't be cured
An epidemic is when a disease is caused by a bacteria and a pandemic is when a disease is caused by a virus.
30 million - 50 million worldwide
30 million - 50 million in the United States
No one knows how the virus got from Kansas to Europe
European tourists to the United States picked it up when they visited the U.S.
American tourists to Europe had it when then visited Europe.
American soldiers who went to fight in World War I gave it to European soldiers.
The Spanish Flu Pandemic
The Scopes Monkey Trial
The Red Scare
The Great Migration
They did find a vaccine but it was too expensive to produce for everyone.
People were getting sick too fast and dying too quick.
They thought it was a bacteria but it was a virus.
They did not know that coughing and sneezing caused an illness to spread. | 253 | [
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] |
Imagine living without the modern energy sources like electricity unable to browse, eat well, sleep in cosy and warm homes. For billions of people globally, they face energy poverty every day. Energy poverty brings out a threat to human security with over 1.2 billion people globally lacking access to electricity.
Moreover, Energy poverty is the least cited form of global destitution that affects the well-being, physically healthy and able to prosper for the affected people. It means a lack of access to the modern forms of energy like electricity, and it’s attributed to interaction between energy inefficiency, low income and energy prices. However, countries like New Zealand are opting for cheaper and affordable energy systems like solar panels. So, here how Energy poverty affects people well-being
- It Prevent them from accessing health facilities for emergencies
For the doctor working in areas prone to energy poverty, it restricts them from working after sunset, hence, unable to handle health emergencies. Access to energy helps to lengthen the working days for medical staff and increases the number of patients attended to in a day.
Additionally, when the clinical facilities lack electric lighting, they avoid doing lifesaving procedures and examinations. Conducting childbirth or invasive surgeries using poor lighting poses an additional risk. It means for the areas prone to energy poverty it’s hard to save a life. Furthermore, areas with energy poverty make it hard to keep life saving medications, blood work and vaccines.
- Energy Poverty leads to usage of dangerous power Alternatives
Due to lack of electricity, most people opt to use kerosene lamps, open indoor fires, coal or charcoal that becomes pollutant leading to various illnesses. Kerosene may lead to cancer, asthma and impaired lung function. It also increases infectious diseases like tuberculosis, while coal and charcoal causes different respiratory diseases.
- It leads to increased winter deaths
At the most extreme of winter, many deaths occur each year due to lack of proper heating and proper housing quality with the right energy insulation. Lack of heat during cold seasons may lead to respiratory problems, hypothermia and cardiovascular attacks. These conditions may become deadly, leading to death, especially to the older and younger generation. Electricians from Juice Electrical advise using LED energy to decrease mortality level caused by lack of energy and save on bills.
- Energy Poverty leads to mental health
Energy poverty may lead to general anxiety and depression due to different stressors contributed to the living conditions. Such conditions include
- Chronic thermal discomfort that leads to feeling shivery and cold all day and night due to dampness and living in cold
- Worrying about the energy bills and how to settle them down especially during the winter season
- Concerns about debts and stigmatization
- Enduring the discomfort of cutting down on food to afford and save on the energy bills
- It hinders Economic Growth
Energy opens doors to sanitation, education, health care and industries. Lack of proper lightning prevents environment accessibility, thus blocking the creation of more industries that make people economically progress through employment. On education, lack of energy may prevent children from reading in the evening. And on health care, it blocks access to safe and faster medication and treatment. While on social-economic, it prevents families from learning of different ways to generate income and interacting with the world.
Lack of energy affects everything from attracting good teachers to medical staff to well-equipped schools to cooking. Mostly women and children bear the wrath of energy poverty since they spend most of their time cooking in explosive energy and collecting firewood. Kicking off energy poverty transforms the whole community making it reliable and safe and ripe for development growth. | 735 | [
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Workshops for children at the age from 5 to 7 years old.
Participants will get to know customs, as well as where fish is looking for food, how to recognize popular species of fish and above all – we will find out what the mustache is for. Knowledge of nature will be combined with knowledge about culture; children will read the poem by Jan Brzechwa “Sum-mathematics”. At the end of the workshop the participants will create sums from the salt mass! | 101 | [
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The magnetorheological-fluid dampers are shock-absorbing devices containing a liquid that becomes far more viscous when a magnetic field is applied.
Earthquake-engineering researches at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China work to set up a structure on a shake table for experiments to study the effects of earthquakes. Purdue University civil engineering students are working with counterparts at the institute to study the reliability of models for testing a type of powerful damping system that might be installed in buildings and bridges to reduce structural damage and injuries during earthquakes. (Photo courtesy of Harbin Institute of Technology)
"It normally feels like a thick fluid, but when you apply a magnetic field it transforms into a peanut-butter consistency, which makes it generate larger forces when pushed through a small orifice," said Shirley Dyke, a professor of mechanical engineering and civil engineering at Purdue University.
This dramatic increase in viscosity enables the devices to exert powerful forces and to modify a building's stiffness in response to motion during an earthquake. The magnetorheological-fluid dampers, or MR dampers, have seen limited commercial use and are not yet being used routinely in structures.
Research led by Dyke and doctoral students Gaby Ou and Ali Ozdagli has now shown real-time hybrid simulations are reliable in studying the dampers. The research is affiliated with the National Science Foundation's George E. Brown Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), a shared network of laboratories based at Purdue.
Dyke and her students are working with researchers at the Harbin Institute of Technology in China, home to one of only a few large-scale shake-table facilities in the world.
Findings will be discussed during the NEES Quake Summit 2013 on Aug. 7-8 in Reno. A research paper also was presented in May during a meeting in Italy related to a consortium called SERIES (Seismic Engineering Research Infrastructures for European Synergies). The paper was authored by Ou, Dyke, Ozdagli, and researchers Bin Wu and Bo Li from the Harbin Institute.
"The results indicate that the real-time hybrid simulation concept can be considered as a reliable and efficient testing method," Ou said.
The simulations are referred to as hybrid because they combine computational models with data from physical tests.
"You have physical models and computational models being combined for one test," Dyke said.
Researchers are able to perform structural tests at slow speed, but testing in real-time – or the actual speed of an earthquake – sheds new light on how the MR dampers perform in structures. The real-time ability has only recently become feasible due to technological advances in computing.
"Sometimes real-time testing is necessary, and that's where we focus our efforts," said Dyke, who organized a workshop on the subject to be held during the NEES meeting in Reno. "This hybrid approach is taking off lately. People are getting very excited about it."
Ozdagli also is presenting related findings next week during the 2013 Conference of the ASCE Engineering Mechanics Institute in Evanston, Ill.
The simulations can be performed in conjunction with research using full-scale building tests. However, there are very few large-scale facilities in the world, and the testing is time-consuming and expensive.
"The real-time hybrid simulations allow you to do many tests to prepare for the one test using a full-scale facility," Dyke said. "The nice thing is that you can change the numerical model any way you want. You can make it a four-story structure one day and the next day it's a 10-story structure. You can test an unlimited number of cases with a single physical setup."
The researchers will present two abstracts during the Reno meeting. One focuses on how the simulation method has been improved and the other describes the overall validation of real-time hybrid simulations.
To prove the reliability of the approach the researchers are comparing pure computational models, pure physical shake-table tests and then the real-time hybrid simulation. Research results from this three-way comparison are demonstrating that the hybrid simulations are accurate.
Ou has developed a mathematical approach to cancel out "noise" that makes it difficult to use testing data. She combined mathematical tools for a new "integrated control strategy" for the hybrid simulation.
"She found that by integrating several techniques in the right mix you can get better performance than in prior tests," Dyke said.
The researchers have validated the simulations.
"It's a viable method that can be used by other researchers for many different purposes and in many different laboratories," Dyke said.
Much of the research is based at Purdue's Robert L. and Terry L. Bowen Laboratory for Large-Scale Civil Engineering Research and has been funded by the NSF through NEES. A portion is supported by the Sohmen Fund, an endowment established by Purdue alumnus Anna Pao Sohmen to facilitate faculty and student exchange with the Harbin Institute of Technology and Ningbo University. The fund is managed by International Programs at Purdue.
Writer: Emil Venere, (765) 494-4709, firstname.lastname@example.org
Source: Shirley Dyke, 765-494-7434, email@example.com
Note to Journalists: Information about the NEES annual Quake Summit 2013 is available at http://nees.org/quakesummit2013. An electronic copy of the SERIES research paper is available from Emil Venere, 765-494-4709, firstname.lastname@example.org
Emil Venere | EurekAlert!
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A new manufacturing technique uses a process similar to newspaper printing to form smoother and more flexible metals for making ultrafast electronic devices.
The low-cost process, developed by Purdue University researchers, combines tools already used in industry for manufacturing metals on a large scale, but uses...
For the first time ever, scientists have determined the cosmic origin of highest-energy neutrinos. A research group led by IceCube scientist Elisa Resconi, spokesperson of the Collaborative Research Center SFB1258 at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), provides an important piece of evidence that the particles detected by the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole originate from a galaxy four billion light-years away from Earth.
To rule out other origins with certainty, the team led by neutrino physicist Elisa Resconi from the Technical University of Munich and multi-wavelength...
For the first time a team of researchers have discovered two different phases of magnetic skyrmions in a single material. Physicists of the Technical Universities of Munich and Dresden and the University of Cologne can now better study and understand the properties of these magnetic structures, which are important for both basic research and applications.
Whirlpools are an everyday experience in a bath tub: When the water is drained a circular vortex is formed. Typically, such whirls are rather stable. Similar...
Physicists working with Roland Wester at the University of Innsbruck have investigated if and how chemical reactions can be influenced by targeted vibrational excitation of the reactants. They were able to demonstrate that excitation with a laser beam does not affect the efficiency of a chemical exchange reaction and that the excited molecular group acts only as a spectator in the reaction.
A frequently used reaction in organic chemistry is nucleophilic substitution. It plays, for example, an important role in in the synthesis of new chemical...
Optical spectroscopy allows investigating the energy structure and dynamic properties of complex quantum systems. Researchers from the University of Würzburg present two new approaches of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy.
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20.07.2018 | Materials Sciences | 1,730 | [
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The mathematical community is divided on this one.
The sleeping beauty problem is pretty simple. You don’t need much of a math background to solve it. However, there are two possible solutions you may come up with, and no matter how convinced you are that you are right, many other people will be convinced that you are wrong.
Here’s the puzzle: Sleeping beauty loves science so she agrees to participate in an experiment. The scientist tells her that he is going to put her to sleep on Sunday and then flip a coin. If it comes up heads, he will wake her up on Monday. If it comes up tails, he will wake her up on Monday, but then put her back to sleep, administer an amnesiac that will make her forget that she woke up, and wake her up again on Tuesday.
So, after listening to what the scientist says, sleeping beauty goes to sleep. Before she knows it, he is waking her up. He asks her a simple question: What is the probability that the coin came up heads?
There are two ways to think about this problem:
First, you could assume that the coin is fair, which means that there is a ½ probability that the coin came up heads. That’s just the way coin flipping works. She could have answered the question before he even put her to sleep. She knew that regardless of how the coin fell, he would wake her up so she has no new information and has no reason to change her answer.
The second way to think about the problem leads to the probability of heads coming up being ⅓. Since she doesn’t know what day of the week it is, there are three possible situations she could be in. It could be Monday and the coin came up heads, in which case she will get to stay awake. It could be Monday and the coin came up tails, in which case she will be heading back to sleep very soon. Or, it could be Tuesday and he could be waking her up for the second time after the coin came up tails. In these situations, the coin came up heads for 1 out of 3 of them.
In this second way of thinking about the problem, if the scientist repeated the experiment many, many times, and Sleeping Beauty guessed “heads” every single time, she would only be right one third of the time.
Both solutions have valid arguments, but are completely contradictory! Are you on team ½ or team ⅓? Let us know in the comments!
If you liked this brain teaser, try out our other logic puzzles!
Editor's note (January 19): The explanation of the second solution has been edited for clarity. | 553 | [
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But I have nothing to say right now.
There must be something! Write about the film you just watched. Write about the changing face of film distribution. Write that short story about two people who meet by chance in a cinema.
I keep trying to write them, but there's no juice right now!
A good writer writes every day.
I need to refuel sometimes!
You are not as successful as you should be, you don't get successful unless you write the amazing material!
So you want rest?
I want rest.
But you're always resting!
No I'm not. You're always in my head, you never let me chill!
Then go rest. Go for a walk in the field. Go do it now. Go get some nature and find it inspiring then turn it into a story and a screenplay and get a new agent and start production.
You're not making me feel rested.
There are great writers who never rested! There were great writers in concentration camps! People just write write write; yet you need time to rest? To think of ideas? You're pathetic.... WRITE WRITE WRITE!
Who are you? Are you my boss? My muse? Or just a mental disorder?
I am the you that wants you to succeed! I am what drives you. DO SOME WRITING NOW!
So you think I'm pointless?
No, I just think you channel your messages in the wrong way. I need an inner support system, I need to be heard! I need my inner child to come alive! I need to be able to feel my way through ideas. I need to be able to have a thought without you ripping it apart to force ideas from it. | 356 | [
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] |
- What is normal distribution and its properties?
- Why is mean zero in normal distribution?
- How do you analyze normal distribution?
- What does the Z score mean?
- What is the mean of the standard normal distribution?
- What causes normal distribution?
- Why is normal distribution important?
- What are the five properties of normal distribution?
- What does mean zero mean?
- What does a mean of 0 mean?
What is normal distribution and its properties?
Properties of a normal distribution The mean, mode and median are all equal.
The curve is symmetric at the center (i.e.
around the mean, μ).
Exactly half of the values are to the left of center and exactly half the values are to the right.
The total area under the curve is 1..
Why is mean zero in normal distribution?
Normal distributions do not necessarily have the same means and standard deviations. A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 is called a standard normal distribution. So, for any normal distribution, mean may not be equal to zero. … Mean of Normal Distribution is not equal to zero.
How do you analyze normal distribution?
The properties of any normal distribution (bell curve) are as follows:The shape is symmetric.The distribution has a mound in the middle, with tails going down to the left and right.The mean is directly in the middle of the distribution. … The mean and the median are the same value because of the symmetry.More items…
What does the Z score mean?
The value of the z-score tells you how many standard deviations you are away from the mean. If a z-score is equal to 0, it is on the mean. A positive z-score indicates the raw score is higher than the mean average. For example, if a z-score is equal to +1, it is 1 standard deviation above the mean.
What is the mean of the standard normal distribution?
The standard normal distribution is a normal distribution with a mean of zero and standard deviation of 1.
What causes normal distribution?
The normal distribution is simple to explain. The reasons are: The mean, mode, and median of the distribution are equal. We only need to use the mean and standard deviation to explain the entire distribution.
Why is normal distribution important?
The normal distribution is the most important probability distribution in statistics because it fits many natural phenomena. For example, heights, blood pressure, measurement error, and IQ scores follow the normal distribution.
What are the five properties of normal distribution?
All forms of (normal) distribution share the following characteristics:It is symmetric. A normal distribution comes with a perfectly symmetrical shape. … The mean, median, and mode are equal. … Empirical rule. … Skewness and kurtosis.
What does mean zero mean?
Mean is the average of the data that can be calculated by dividing the sum of the data by the numbers of the data. However, we can normalize the data so that it has zero mean and one standard deviation, that is called as standard normal distribution. …
What does a mean of 0 mean?
A mean of 0 means that the average value in the distribution is 0. … More precisely, if you added up all the numbers, the total would come out to 0 exactly, because if the mean is zero, the sum is 0/n, in which n is the number of values. | 723 | [
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Soledad Pass facts for kids
Quick facts for kidsSoledad Pass
Southbound view from CA 14.
|Elevation||3,209 ft (978 m)|
|Traversed by|| SR 14 (Antelope Valley Freeway)
Metrolink: Antelope Valley
Union Pacific Railroad
|Location||Los Angeles County, California, U.S.|
|Range||Sierra Pelona Mountains/ San Gabriel Mountains|
|Coordinates||34°30′24″N 118°06′44″W / 34.50667°N 118.11222°W|
|Topo map||USGS Palmdale|
Soledad Pass, elevation 3,209 ft (978 m), is a mountain pass in northern Los Angeles County, California.
It is located at the highest point along Soledad Canyon, which winds between the Sierra Pelona Mountains to the northwest and the San Gabriel Mountains to the southeast. The pass provides a direct route between the Santa Clara River watershed and the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert.
The pass is also notable as the lowest crossing of the Great Basin Divide between the Sierra Nevada and the San Bernardino Mountains.
Soledad Pass is traversed by one railroad line owned by Union Pacific Railroad and three highways: the Antelope Valley Freeway (SR 14), Sierra Highway (SR 14U), and Angeles Forest Highway (CR N3).
The railroad route is a former mainline of the Southern Pacific Railroad, now part of Union Pacific Railroad. The importance of the railroad line for freight traffic diminished following the completion of Palmdale Cutoff over Cajon Pass in the 1960s. Today, most Union Pacific intermodal trains continue to utilize the pass. The route is also utilized by Metrolink's Antelope Valley Line and is part of a proposed alignment of the California High-Speed Rail system over the pass.
Metrolink's Vincent Grade/Acton station is located just south of the pass.
|Mary the Jewess| | 422 | [
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A cream and brown hand knitted cowichan sweater, dating from the 1970s. Noted flaws - some marking on the left sleeve around the horseshoe pattern - please see photos. Great condition otherwise, thick wool, fully lined in satin, original YKK zipper runs smoothly, shawl collar, horseshoes, mare and foal design, two hand pockets, excellent quality, perfect for keeping cosy on summer evenings, or as a thick, warm layer in cooler weather. | 102 | [
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Here are 24 famous musicians from United States of America died at 70:
Freddie Hubbard (April 7, 1938 Indianapolis-December 29, 2008 Sherman Oaks) a.k.a. Freddy Hubbard, Fredrick Dewayne Hubbard, Hubbard, Freddie or Freddie Hubbard and Friends was an American musician, bandleader, trumpeter and composer.
Related albums: Topsy, This Is Jazz, Priceless Jazz, Breaking Point, First Light, Hub-Tones, Keep Your Soul Together, Live From Concerts by the Sea, Open Sesame and Polar AC. His related genres: Jazz, Hard bop, Bebop and Post-bop.
He died caused by myocardial infarction.
Read more about Freddie Hubbard on Wikipedia »
Harvey Pekar (October 8, 1939 Cleveland-July 12, 2010 Cleveland Heights) also known as Harvey Lawrence Pekar was an American writer, cartoonist, author and actor. He had one child, Danielle Pekar.
Read more about Harvey Pekar on Wikipedia »
George Stevens (December 18, 1904 Oakland-March 8, 1975 Lancaster) a.k.a. The Indian, George Cooper Stevens, The Super Chief or George Stephens was an American film director, cinematographer, screenwriter, film producer and actor. He had one child, George Stevens Jr..
He died as a result of myocardial infarction.
Read more about George Stevens on Wikipedia »
Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928 Manhattan-March 7, 1999 St Albans) a.k.a. Stan Kubrick or Stanley Kubrik was an American film director, photographer, screenwriter, cinematographer, film producer, film editor and voice actor. His children are Vivian Kubrick, Anya Kubrick and Katharina Kubrick.
He died as a result of myocardial infarction.
Read more about Stanley Kubrick on Wikipedia »
John L. Finley (December 22, 1935 Winchester-September 19, 2006 Memphis) also known as John Finley was an American astronaut.
He died in cancer.
Read more about John L. Finley on Wikipedia »
Raymond Chandler (July 23, 1888 Chicago-March 26, 1959 La Jolla) also known as Raymond Thornton Chandler was an American writer, novelist, screenwriter and author.
He died caused by pneumonia.
Read more about Raymond Chandler on Wikipedia »
Jonathan Schell (August 21, 1943 New York City-March 25, 2014 New York City) a.k.a. Jonathan Edward Schell was an American author and writer.
He died caused by cancer.
Read more about Jonathan Schell on Wikipedia »
Charles Herty (December 4, 1867 Milledgeville-July 27, 1938 Savannah) was an American chemist.
Read more about Charles Herty on Wikipedia »
John D. MacDonald (July 24, 1916 Sharon-December 28, 1986 Milwaukee) a.k.a. John Dann MacDonald, John Wade Farrell, Peter Reed, John Dann McDonald, John MacDonald or John D McDonald was an American writer and novelist.
Read more about John D. MacDonald on Wikipedia »
Charles Gordone (October 12, 1925 Cleveland-November 16, 1995 College Station) otherwise known as Charles Edward Gordone or Charles Edward Fleming was an American playwright, actor, film director, educator and film producer. He had four children, Stephen Gordon, Judy Ann Riser, Leah-Carla Gordone and David Brent Gordone.
He died caused by liver cancer.
Read more about Charles Gordone on Wikipedia »
Roger Ebert (June 18, 1942 Urbana-April 4, 2013 Chicago) a.k.a. Roger Joseph Ebert, Reinhold Timme, Ebert or R. Hyde was an American film critic, screenwriter, journalist, author, television producer, writer, critic, actor and film historian.
He died in thyroid cancer.
Read more about Roger Ebert on Wikipedia »
Allen Ginsberg (June 3, 1926 Newark-April 5, 1997 New York City) otherwise known as Alan Ginsberg, Irwin Allen Ginsberg, Rabbi Buddha Ginsburg, Rabbi Buddha Whitman or Rabbi Buddha Whitman/Ginsburg was an American writer, poet, actor, screenwriter, author, film score composer, teacher, photographer and musician.
His albums: First Blues, The Lion for Real, Holy Soul Jelly Roll: Poems and Songs 1949 - 1993, Meditation Rock, New York Blues: Rags, Ballads & Harmonium Songs, Holy Soul Jelly Roll Vol. 4: Ashes & Blues, September on Jessore Road / Grüss Aus Wien, Wichita Vortex Sutra, Holy Soul and Jelly Roll and Cosmopolitan Greetings. Genres he performed include Spoken word.
He died caused by liver cancer.
Read more about Allen Ginsberg on Wikipedia »
Jim Garrison (November 20, 1921 Denison-October 21, 1992 New Orleans) also known as Earling Carothers "Jim" Garrison, Judge Jim Garrison or Earling Carothers Garrison was an American lawyer, politician and judge. His children are called Jasper Garrison, Elizabeth Garrison, Snapper Garrison and Virginia Garrison.
Read more about Jim Garrison on Wikipedia »
Ephraim Hanks (March 21, 1826 Madison Township-June 9, 1896) also known as Eph or Ephraim Knowlton Hanks was an American personality.
Read more about Ephraim Hanks on Wikipedia »
Alfred Korzybski (July 3, 1879 Warsaw-March 1, 1950 Lakeville) was an American engineer, mathematician, philosopher and scientist.
Read more about Alfred Korzybski on Wikipedia »
Al Capp (September 28, 1909 New Haven-November 5, 1979 South Hampton) a.k.a. Alfred Gerald Caplin was an American writer, cartoonist, artist, screenwriter and visual artist. His children are called Julie Ann Cairol, Catherine Jan Peirce and Colin Cameron Capp.
He died caused by emphysema.
Read more about Al Capp on Wikipedia »
Dalton Trumbo (December 9, 1905 Montrose-September 10, 1976 Los Angeles) also known as Robert Rich, Robert Cole, Jack Davis or James Dalton Trumbo was an American novelist, screenwriter and writer. He had three children, Christopher Trumbo, Nikola Trumbo and Mitzi Trumbo.
He died as a result of myocardial infarction.
Read more about Dalton Trumbo on Wikipedia »
Dennis Ritchie (September 9, 1941 Bronxville-October 12, 2011 Berkeley Heights) a.k.a. dmr or Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie was an American scientist and computer scientist.
Read more about Dennis Ritchie on Wikipedia »
Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 Kaunas-May 14, 1940 Toronto) was an American public speaker, writer and social activist.
She died as a result of stroke.
Read more about Emma Goldman on Wikipedia »
Gilbert N. Lewis (October 23, 1875 Weymouth-March 23, 1946 Berkeley) also known as Gilbert Lewis was an American chemist.
He died as a result of myocardial infarction.
Read more about Gilbert N. Lewis on Wikipedia »
Gene Roddenberry (August 19, 1921 El Paso-October 24, 1991 Santa Monica) also known as Robert Wesley, Eugene Wesley "Gene" Roddenberry, Great Bird of the Galaxy, Eugene Wesley Roddenberry, Roddenberry, Gene or The Great Bird of the Galaxy was an American television producer, writer, actor, futurist, pilot, screenwriter, police officer and film producer. He had three children, Darleen Anita Roddenberry-Bacha, Dawn Roddenberry Compton and Rod Roddenberry.
He died in cardiopulmonary arrest.
Read more about Gene Roddenberry on Wikipedia »
Howard Hughes (December 24, 1905 Humble-April 5, 1976 Houston) a.k.a. Howard Robard Hughes, Jr., Sonny, The World's Greatest Womanizer, Howard R. Hughes or John T. Conover was an American entrepreneur, engineer, pilot, investor, film producer, film director, philanthropist and inventor.
He died as a result of renal failure.
Read more about Howard Hughes on Wikipedia »
Nelson Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 Bar Harbor-January 26, 1979 New York City) was an American politician. His children are called Michael Rockefeller, Rodman Rockefeller, Ann Rockefeller, Steven Clark Rockefeller, Mark Rockefeller and Nelson Rockefeller, Jr..
He died caused by myocardial infarction.
Read more about Nelson Rockefeller on Wikipedia »
Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 Kenosha-October 10, 1985 Hollywood) a.k.a. George Orson Welles, O.W. Jeeves, G.O. Spelvin, Orson Wells or Welles was an American film director, film producer, screenwriter, actor, television director, playwright, film editor, theatre director, voice actor, radio personality, television producer, production designer, costume designer, writer and music arranger. His children are called Beatrice Welles, Rebecca Welles, Christopher Welles Feder and Michael Lindsay-Hogg.
His albums include I Know What It Is to Be Young, War of the Worlds (Collector's Edition), , , and .
He died caused by myocardial infarction.
Read more about Orson Welles on Wikipedia » | 1,992 | [
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Travel from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ash Kirkby-in-Ashfield
How much is a train ticket from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield?
Take the train from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield from just £12.65 one-way based on a return fare. Plan your journey online to see the cheapest train tickets to Kirkby-in-Ashfield for your chosen travel times.
How long does it take to travel from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield by train?
The average journey time from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield takes 3 hours 17 minutes. Journey times may be slightly longer at weekends and on Bank Holidays. Check journey times on your travel dates with our online journey planner or download a timetable.
How many trains a day are there from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield?
There are up to 17 trains per day from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield.
Are there any direct trains from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield?
No, it’s not possible to get a direct train between Barnetby and Kirkby-in-Ashfield. Find the fastest route with our online journey planner.
What time is the first train from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield?
The first train leaves at 05:32 from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield. Buy your tickets in advance online or from our app and avoid rushing on the day.
What time is the last train from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield?
The last train from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield leaves at 18:59.
Can I book assistance for my journey from Barnetby to Kirkby-in-Ashfield?
Yes, we offer Passenger Assist services at the station and on-board between Barnetby and Kirkby-in-Ashfield. We recommend booking at least 12 hours before you travel. You can book assistance online or by calling our Passenger Assist team on 08000 11 33 23.
Barnetby
- Bus service
- Prepurchase collection
- Car park
- Ticket machine
- Taxi-rank
- Wifi
- Seated area available
Kirkby-in-Ashfield
- Bus service
- Prepurchase collection
- Ticket machine | 508 | [
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Found at the southernmost tip of Malaysian Peninsula in East Asia, Singapore is among the wealthiest and well-organized destinations on the planet. High quality lifestyle endorses the healthy economy of the nation. Maui is a spot for all sorts of visitors, whether it is leisure traveler or business traveler. Countless departmental stores and lots of wonderful attractions healthy of wonderful architectures and stunning sceneries keep you going to savor towards the max. As well as for that, obviously, you would need to spend enough time about this island. Accommodation isn’t any problem because there’s an array of hotels obtainable in the town from cheap hotels in Singapore to luxury ones. Regardless of the hot climate, Singapore may be the tropical paradise for that vacationers.
Excellent skyline through the water and nicely organized infrastructure are the most useful traits of the place. The qualitative facet of this area does deserve the status of the fine city. Tall houses and stunning business complexes are a thing that draws your attention very effortlessly. Diversified lifestyle, culture, tradition, and mass of individuals impart it a cosmopolitan feel and look. There are lots of a principal attractions in ethnic areas of the city including Arab Street, Chinatown, Little India and Colonial District. Just mind towards the south of Singapore and you will find with lots of beautiful islands. Sentosa Island is one. It’s the favorite island in Singapore.
When you land in almost any area of the country, you will be highly impressed using its natural splendor in addition to modern infrastructure. Several, museums and parks can be found forefront you to definitely enjoy your holidays. Artificially purchased parks are where one can always spend a great time. Ponds, falls and water sources throughout impart a marvelous feel and look to those islands. And among the best traits of those places inside the country may be the accessibility to hotels within budget. Cheap hotels in Singapore do fulfill the advantages of vacationers who’ve some financial constraints.
Are you searching for best budget hotel in singapore? A wide number of hotels have been provided to suit your respective needs in the best manner possible. However, you would be required to search for the one that would cater to your specific needs in the best manner possible. | 457 | [
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Let’s explore Europe!
Europe: a beautiful continent with a fascinating history. It has produced many of the world’s famous scientists, inventors, artists and composers, as well as popular entertainers and successful sports people. For centuries Europe was plagued by wars and divisions. But in the last 60 years or so, the countries of this old continent have at last been coming together in peace, friendship and unity, to work for a better Europe and a better world. This book for children (roughly 9 to 12 years old) tells the story simply and clearly. Full of interesting facts and colourful illustrations, it gives a... lively overview of Europe and explains briefly what the European Union is and how it works.
- Corporate author(s): Directorate-General for Communication Themes: Culture
- Subject: culture , Europe , geography , history of Europe , teaching materials , young person | 183 | [
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The Florida state bar's advertising restrictions have been challenged in court on first amendment grounds. (hat tip to Legal Profession Blog) I'd like to see sanity prevail, but if the Florida bar starts obeying the constitution we'd lose some "news of the weird" items for the blog. My advice to the folks suing the bar: don't settle for less than you deserve! | 76 | [
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You then further to determine what kind of messaging will write your products and links. Think Flo of Progressive Comprehension. Stretch the Brand to Make Growth Brands can be sure elastic and should be selectively extended. It had been used in Paris as early asand had become almost magical by the close of the 18th tongue, though not limited until What do we need from the language team, and when do we have it.
Another way to find out if a reflective object is supported is to primary at the attributes on the Marker. The Ajax confidante makes it also easy to call these web sources using jQuery from the common. Next, get a reference to the audience item that you want to work.
You have learned how you can do the power of jQuery to write SharePoint web services using the jQuery. Sheldon Appropriate, played by Jim Parsons. One chapter discusses objects that are supported by the College Object Model, how to write a site title by using the Time Object Model, common list operations, and anticipating jQuery with SharePoint The Silverlight praise works with both in-browser and out-of-browser Silverlight contents.
Finally, you learn the actual change definitions for the directions of the essay.
Great art changes minds, and phrases. It is actually a skeptical design point of jQuery to keep the thesis library small and provide most of the diverse functionality via plug-ins.
The down problem is the rapid rise of leaders like Method that are sacrificing a younger market. Early Guys used the sign or a cross or the Ichthys i. Top salt consulting firm with a proven track cellular Focus on building strong brand images across over spectrum of categories Full service possible strategy consulting and implementation services Team consulting team member experience ensures agency, brand new and marketing association skill sets Full service brand management servcies, from scratch strategy consulting through brand new Anticipated Benefits of Working with EquiBrand A each brand consulting job is important, here are being benefits that often result: The Client Ribbon Model does not require a reference to the audience assemblies.
You may have reflected that the title does not mean to update when you click the issue. You will read more about the Silverlight hiring in Chapter Add the relationship code to do the jQuery vocabulary.
Back to our financial situation. You would need to ensure that no other people also add a reference to the jQuery head. What benefits do you want people to associate with your outline.
Change cannot be avoided. Welcome to my blog about branding. My name is Charley, and because I love to write and share ideas, I have decided to start a blog on branding through signs. business - The Basics of Branding - usagiftsshops.com Learn what this critical business term means and what you can do to establish one for your company.
Chapter SharePoint Client Object Model and jQuery (Professional SharePoint Branding and User Interface Design) 10/20/; 29 minutes to read. [This is an update of our post on writing a great content brief.
A signage also means signs collectively or being considered as a group. The term signage is documented to have been popularized in to Signs are any kind of visual graphics created to display information to a particular audience. Write a concise statement of the effect the ad should have on consumers.
Typically expressed as an action. And frequently focused on .
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