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[ "Since", "1997", ",", "Desert", "Research", "and", "Technology", "Studies", "(", "D", "-", "RATS", ")", "has", "conducted", "hardware", "and", "operations", "tests", "in", "the", "Arizona", "desert", "that", "advance", "human", "and", "robotic", "planetary", "exploration", "capabilities", ".", "D", "-", "RATS", "2010", "(", "8/31", "-", "9/13", ")", "simulated", "geologic", "traverses", "through", "a", "terrain", "of", "cinder", "cones", ",", "lava", "flows", ",", "and", "underlying", "sedimentary", "units", "using", "a", "pair", "of", "crewed", "rovers", "and", "extravehicular", "activities", "(", "EVAs", ")", "for", "geologic", "fieldwork", ".", "There", "were", "two", "sets", "of", "crews", ",", "each", "consisting", "of", "an", "engineer", "/", "commander", "and", "an", "experienced", "field", "geologist", "drawn", "from", "the", "academic", "community", ".", "A", "major", "objective", "of", "D", "-", "RATS", "was", "to", "examine", "the", "functions", "of", "a", "science", "support", "team", ",", "the", "roles", "of", "geologist", "crewmembers", ",", "and", "protocols", ",", "tools", ",", "and", "technologies", "needed", "for", "effective", "data", "collection", "and", "sample", "documentation", ".", "Solutions", "to", "these", "problems", "must", "consider", "how", "terrestrial", "field", "geology", "must", "be", "adapted", "to", "geologic", "fieldwork", "during", "EVAs" ]
600
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[ "NASA", "space", "exploration", "should", "largely", "address", "a", "problem", "class", "in", "reliability", "and", "risk", "management", "stemming", "primarily", "from", "human", "error", ",", "system", "risk", "and", "multi", "-", "objective", "trade", "-", "off", "analysis", ",", "by", "conducting", "research", "into", "system", "complexity", ",", "risk", "characterization", "and", "modeling", ",", "and", "system", "reasoning", ".", "In", "general", ",", "in", "every", "mission", "we", "can", "distinguish", "risk", "in", "three", "possible", "ways", ":", "a", ")", "known", "-", "known", ",", "b", ")", "known", "-", "unknown", ",", "and", "c", ")", "unknown", "-", "unknown", ".", "It", "is", "probably", "almost", "certain", "that", "space", "exploration", "will", "partially", "experience", "similar", "known", "or", "unknown", "risks", "embedded", "in", "the", "Apollo", "missions", ",", "Shuttle", "or", "Station", "unless", "something", "alters", "how", "NASA", "will", "perceive", "and", "manage", "safety", "and", "reliability" ]
601
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602
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[ "This", "paper", "will", "describe", "the", "Entry", ",", "Descent", "and", "Landing", "simulation", "tradeoffs", "and", "techniques", "that", "were", "used", "to", "provide", "the", "Monte", "Carlo", "data", "required", "to", "approve", "entry", "during", "a", "critical", "period", "just", "before", "entry", "of", "the", "Genesis", "Sample", "Return", "Capsule", ".", "The", "same", "techniques", "will", "be", "used", "again", "when", "Stardust", "returns", "on", "January", "15", ",", "2006", ".", "Only", "one", "hour", "was", "available", "for", "the", "simulation", "which", "propagated", "2000", "dispersed", "entry", "states", "to", "the", "ground", ".", "Creative", "simulation", "tradeoffs", "combined", "with", "parallel", "processing", "were", "needed", "to", "provide", "the", "landing", "footprint", "statistics", "that", "were", "an", "essential", "part", "of", "the", "Go", "/", "NoGo", "decision", "that", "authorized", "release", "of", "the", "Sample", "Return", "Capsule", "a", "few", "hours", "before", "entry", "." ]
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605
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606
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612
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613
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633
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634
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635
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639
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640
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642
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644
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647
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648
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[ "The", "importance", "of", "Fe", "biogeochemistry", "has", "stimulated", "interest", "in", "Fe", "isotope", "fractionation", ".", "Recent", "studies", "using", "thermal", "ionization", "mass", "spectrometry", "(", "TIMS", ")", "and", "a", "\"", "double", "spike", "\"", "demonstrate", "the", "existence", "of", "biogenic", "Fe", "isotope", "effects", ".", "Here", ",", "we", "assess", "the", "utility", "of", "multiple", "-", "collector", "inductively", "-", "coupled", "plasma", "mass", "spectrometry(MC", "-", "ICP", "-", "MS", ")", "with", "a", "desolvating", "sample", "introduction", "system", "for", "Fe", "isotope", "studies", ",", "and", "present", "data", "on", "Fe", "biominerals", "produced", "by", "a", "thermophilic", "bacterium", ".", "Additional", "information", "is", "contained", "in", "the", "original", "extended", "abstract", "." ]
649
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650
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651
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652
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653
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672
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674
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675
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676
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677
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678
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679
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680
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682
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683
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684
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685
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686
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687
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688
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689
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690
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691
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692
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