tokens
sequencelengths 7
500
| labels
sequencelengths 9
502
| mentions
listlengths 0
60
| input_ids
sequencelengths 9
502
| attention_mask
sequencelengths 9
502
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"##s",
".",
"for",
"example",
",",
"a",
"researcher",
"investigating",
"a",
"certain",
"form",
"of",
"cancer",
"may",
"have",
"narrowed",
"down",
"their",
"search",
"to",
"a",
"particular",
"gene",
".",
"by",
"visiting",
"the",
"human",
"genome",
"database",
"on",
"the",
"world",
"wide",
"web",
",",
"this",
"researcher",
"can",
"examine",
"what",
"other",
"scientists",
"have",
"written",
"about",
"this",
"gene",
",",
"including",
"(",
"potentially",
")",
"the",
"three",
"-",
"dimensional",
"structure",
"of",
"its",
"product",
",",
"its",
"functions",
",",
"its",
"evolutionary",
"relationships",
"to",
"other",
"human",
"genes",
",",
"or",
"to",
"genes",
"in",
"mice",
",",
"yeast",
",",
"or",
"fruit",
"flies",
",",
"possible",
"detrimental",
"mutations",
",",
"interactions",
"with",
"other",
"genes",
",",
"body",
"tissues",
"in",
"which",
"this",
"gene",
"is",
"activated",
",",
"and",
"diseases",
"associated",
"with",
"this",
"gene",
"or",
"other",
"data",
"##type",
"##s",
".",
"further",
",",
"a",
"deeper",
"understanding",
"of",
"the",
"disease",
"processes",
"at",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"molecular",
"biology",
"may",
"determine",
"new",
"therapeutic",
"procedures",
".",
"given",
"the",
"established",
"importance",
"of",
"dna",
"in",
"molecular",
"biology",
"and",
"its",
"central",
"role",
"in",
"determining",
"the",
"fundamental",
"operation",
"of",
"cellular",
"processes",
",",
"it",
"is",
"likely",
"that",
"expanded",
"knowledge",
"in",
"this",
"area",
"will",
"facilitate",
"medical",
"advances",
"in",
"numerous",
"areas",
"of",
"clinical",
"interest",
"that",
"may",
"not",
"have",
"been",
"possible",
"without",
"them",
".",
"the",
"analysis",
"of",
"similarities",
"between",
"dna",
"sequences",
"from",
"different",
"organisms",
"is",
"also",
"opening",
"new",
"avenues",
"in",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"evolution",
".",
"in",
"many",
"cases",
",",
"evolutionary",
"questions",
"can",
"now",
"be",
"framed",
"in",
"terms",
"of",
"molecular",
"biology",
";",
"indeed",
",",
"many",
"major",
"evolutionary",
"milestone",
"##s",
"(",
"the",
"emergence",
"of",
"the",
"rib",
"##oso",
"##me",
"and",
"organ",
"##elles",
",",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"embryo",
"##s",
"with",
"body",
"plans",
",",
"the",
"ve",
"##rte",
"##brate",
"immune",
"system",
")",
"can",
"be",
"related",
"to",
"the",
"molecular",
"level",
".",
"many",
"questions",
"about",
"the",
"similarities",
"and",
"differences",
"between",
"humans",
"and",
"their",
"closest",
"relatives",
"(",
"the",
"primate",
"##s",
",",
"and",
"indeed",
"the",
"other",
"mammals",
")",
"are",
"expected",
"to",
"be",
"illuminated",
"by",
"the",
"data",
"in",
"this",
"project",
".",
"the",
"project",
"inspired",
"and",
"paved",
"the",
"way",
"for",
"gen",
"##omic",
"work",
"in",
"other",
"fields",
",",
"such",
"as",
"agriculture",
".",
"for",
"example",
",",
"by",
"studying",
"the",
"genetic",
"composition",
"of",
"tri",
"##tium",
"ae",
"##sti",
"##vu",
"##m",
",",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"most",
"commonly",
"used",
"bread",
"wheat",
",",
"great",
"insight",
"has",
"been",
"gained",
"into",
"the",
"ways",
"that",
"domestic",
"##ation",
"has",
"impacted",
"the",
"evolution",
"of",
"the",
"plant",
".",
"it",
"is",
"being",
"investigated",
"which",
"lo",
"##ci",
"are",
"most",
"susceptible",
"to",
"manipulation",
",",
"and",
"how",
"this",
"plays",
"out",
"in",
"evolutionary",
"terms",
".",
"genetic",
"sequencing",
"has",
"allowed",
"these",
"questions",
"to",
"be",
"addressed",
"for",
"the",
"first",
"time",
",",
"as",
"specific",
"lo",
"##ci",
"can",
"be",
"compared",
"in",
"wild",
"and",
"domestic",
"##ated",
"strains",
"of",
"the",
"plant",
".",
"this",
"will",
"allow",
"for",
"advances",
"in",
"the",
"genetic",
"modification",
"in",
"the",
"future",
"which",
"could",
"yield",
"health",
"##ier",
"and",
"disease",
"-",
"resistant",
"wheat",
"crops",
",",
"among",
"other",
"things",
".",
"at",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"genome",
"project",
",",
"several",
"ethical",
",",
"legal",
",",
"and",
"social",
"concerns",
"were",
"raised",
"in",
"regard",
"to",
"how",
"increased",
"knowledge",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"genome",
"could",
"be",
"used",
"to",
"disc",
"##rim",
"##inate",
"against",
"people",
".",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"main",
"concerns",
"of",
"most",
"individuals",
"was",
"the",
"fear",
"that",
"both",
"employers"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 12,
"end_token_idx": 13,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cancer",
"tokens": [
"cancer"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 32,
"end_token_idx": 35,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_Wide_Web",
"tokens": [
"world",
"wide",
"web"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 155,
"end_token_idx": 157,
"identifier": "/wiki/Biological_process",
"tokens": [
"cellular",
"processes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 205,
"end_token_idx": 206,
"identifier": "/wiki/Evolution",
"tokens": [
"evolution"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 220,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Molecular_biology",
"tokens": [
"molecular",
"biology"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 235,
"end_token_idx": 238,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ribosome",
"tokens": [
"rib",
"##oso",
"##me"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 239,
"end_token_idx": 241,
"identifier": "/wiki/Organelle",
"tokens": [
"organ",
"##elles"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 245,
"end_token_idx": 247,
"identifier": "/wiki/Embryo",
"tokens": [
"embryo",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 252,
"end_token_idx": 255,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vertebrate",
"tokens": [
"ve",
"##rte",
"##brate"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 255,
"end_token_idx": 257,
"identifier": "/wiki/Immune_system",
"tokens": [
"immune",
"system"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 281,
"end_token_idx": 283,
"identifier": "/wiki/Primate",
"tokens": [
"primate",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 288,
"end_token_idx": 289,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mammal",
"tokens": [
"mammals"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 330,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/Common_wheat",
"tokens": [
"tri",
"##tium",
"ae",
"##sti",
"##vu",
"##m"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 476,
"end_token_idx": 485,
"identifier": "/wiki/Genetic_discrimination",
"tokens": [
"could",
"be",
"used",
"to",
"disc",
"##rim",
"##inate",
"against",
"people"
]
}
] | [
101,
2015,
1012,
2005,
2742,
1010,
1037,
10753,
11538,
1037,
3056,
2433,
1997,
4456,
2089,
2031,
8061,
2091,
2037,
3945,
2000,
1037,
3327,
4962,
1012,
2011,
5873,
1996,
2529,
13458,
7809,
2006,
1996,
2088,
2898,
4773,
1010,
2023,
10753,
2064,
11628,
2054,
2060,
6529,
2031,
2517,
2055,
2023,
4962,
1010,
2164,
1006,
9280,
1007,
1996,
2093,
1011,
8789,
3252,
1997,
2049,
4031,
1010,
2049,
4972,
1010,
2049,
12761,
6550,
2000,
2060,
2529,
9165,
1010,
2030,
2000,
9165,
1999,
12328,
1010,
21957,
1010,
2030,
5909,
10029,
1010,
2825,
29172,
14494,
1010,
10266,
2007,
2060,
9165,
1010,
2303,
14095,
1999,
2029,
2023,
4962,
2003,
8878,
1010,
1998,
7870,
3378,
2007,
2023,
4962,
2030,
2060,
2951,
13874,
2015,
1012,
2582,
1010,
1037,
6748,
4824,
1997,
1996,
4295,
6194,
2012,
1996,
2504,
1997,
8382,
7366,
2089,
5646,
2047,
17261,
8853,
1012,
2445,
1996,
2511,
5197,
1997,
6064,
1999,
8382,
7366,
1998,
2049,
2430,
2535,
1999,
12515,
1996,
8050,
3169,
1997,
12562,
6194,
1010,
2009,
2003,
3497,
2008,
4423,
3716,
1999,
2023,
2181,
2097,
10956,
2966,
9849,
1999,
3365,
2752,
1997,
6612,
3037,
2008,
2089,
2025,
2031,
2042,
2825,
2302,
2068,
1012,
1996,
4106,
1997,
12319,
2090,
6064,
10071,
2013,
2367,
11767,
2003,
2036,
3098,
2047,
20859,
1999,
1996,
2817,
1997,
6622,
1012,
1999,
2116,
3572,
1010,
12761,
3980,
2064,
2085,
2022,
10366,
1999,
3408,
1997,
8382,
7366,
1025,
5262,
1010,
2116,
2350,
12761,
19199,
2015,
1006,
1996,
14053,
1997,
1996,
19395,
19137,
4168,
1998,
5812,
22869,
1010,
1996,
2458,
1997,
28086,
2015,
2007,
2303,
3488,
1010,
1996,
2310,
19731,
22008,
11311,
2291,
1007,
2064,
2022,
3141,
2000,
1996,
8382,
2504,
1012,
2116,
3980,
2055,
1996,
12319,
1998,
5966,
2090,
4286,
1998,
2037,
7541,
9064,
1006,
1996,
25662,
2015,
1010,
1998,
5262,
1996,
2060,
11993,
1007,
2024,
3517,
2000,
2022,
14640,
2011,
1996,
2951,
1999,
2023,
2622,
1012,
1996,
2622,
4427,
1998,
12308,
1996,
2126,
2005,
8991,
22026,
2147,
1999,
2060,
4249,
1010,
2107,
2004,
5237,
1012,
2005,
2742,
1010,
2011,
5702,
1996,
7403,
5512,
1997,
13012,
16398,
29347,
16643,
19722,
2213,
1010,
1996,
2088,
1005,
1055,
2087,
4141,
2109,
7852,
10500,
1010,
2307,
12369,
2038,
2042,
4227,
2046,
1996,
3971,
2008,
4968,
3370,
2038,
19209,
1996,
6622,
1997,
1996,
3269,
1012,
2009,
2003,
2108,
10847,
2029,
8840,
6895,
2024,
2087,
18002,
2000,
16924,
1010,
1998,
2129,
2023,
3248,
2041,
1999,
12761,
3408,
1012,
7403,
24558,
2038,
3039,
2122,
3980,
2000,
2022,
8280,
2005,
1996,
2034,
2051,
1010,
2004,
3563,
8840,
6895,
2064,
2022,
4102,
1999,
3748,
1998,
4968,
4383,
18859,
1997,
1996,
3269,
1012,
2023,
2097,
3499,
2005,
9849,
1999,
1996,
7403,
14080,
1999,
1996,
2925,
2029,
2071,
10750,
2740,
3771,
1998,
4295,
1011,
13070,
10500,
8765,
1010,
2426,
2060,
2477,
1012,
2012,
1996,
14447,
1997,
1996,
2529,
13458,
2622,
1010,
2195,
12962,
1010,
3423,
1010,
1998,
2591,
5936,
2020,
2992,
1999,
7634,
2000,
2129,
3445,
3716,
1997,
1996,
2529,
13458,
2071,
2022,
2109,
2000,
5860,
20026,
14776,
2114,
2111,
1012,
2028,
1997,
1996,
2364,
5936,
1997,
2087,
3633,
2001,
1996,
3571,
2008,
2119,
12433,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"and",
"health",
"insurance",
"companies",
"would",
"refuse",
"to",
"hire",
"individuals",
"or",
"refuse",
"to",
"provide",
"insurance",
"to",
"people",
"because",
"of",
"a",
"health",
"concern",
"indicated",
"by",
"someone",
"'",
"s",
"genes",
".",
"in",
"1996",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"passed",
"the",
"health",
"insurance",
"port",
"##ability",
"and",
"accountability",
"act",
"(",
"hip",
"##aa",
")",
",",
"which",
"protects",
"against",
"the",
"unauthorized",
"and",
"non",
"-",
"con",
"##sen",
"##su",
"##al",
"release",
"of",
"individually",
"identifiable",
"health",
"information",
"to",
"any",
"entity",
"not",
"actively",
"engaged",
"in",
"the",
"provision",
"of",
"healthcare",
"services",
"to",
"a",
"patient",
".",
"along",
"with",
"identifying",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"approximately",
"20",
",",
"000",
"–",
"25",
",",
"000",
"genes",
"in",
"the",
"human",
"genome",
"(",
"estimated",
"at",
"between",
"80",
",",
"000",
"and",
"140",
",",
"000",
"at",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"the",
"project",
")",
",",
"the",
"human",
"genome",
"project",
"also",
"sought",
"to",
"address",
"the",
"ethical",
",",
"legal",
",",
"and",
"social",
"issues",
"that",
"were",
"created",
"by",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"project",
".",
"for",
"that",
",",
"the",
"ethical",
",",
"legal",
",",
"and",
"social",
"implications",
"(",
"el",
"##si",
")",
"program",
"was",
"founded",
"in",
"1990",
".",
"five",
"percent",
"of",
"the",
"annual",
"budget",
"was",
"allocated",
"to",
"address",
"the",
"el",
"##si",
"arising",
"from",
"the",
"project",
".",
"this",
"budget",
"started",
"at",
"approximately",
"$",
"1",
".",
"57",
"million",
"in",
"the",
"year",
"1990",
",",
"but",
"increased",
"to",
"approximately",
"$",
"18",
"million",
"in",
"the",
"year",
"2014",
".",
"whilst",
"the",
"project",
"may",
"offer",
"significant",
"benefits",
"to",
"medicine",
"and",
"scientific",
"research",
",",
"some",
"authors",
"have",
"emphasized",
"the",
"need",
"to",
"address",
"the",
"potential",
"social",
"consequences",
"of",
"mapping",
"the",
"human",
"genome",
".",
"historian",
"of",
"science",
"hans",
"-",
"jo",
"##rg",
"r",
"##hein",
"##berger",
"wrote",
"that",
"\"",
"the",
"prospect",
"of",
"'",
"molecular",
"##izing",
"'",
"diseases",
"and",
"their",
"possible",
"cure",
"will",
"have",
"a",
"profound",
"impact",
"on",
"what",
"patients",
"expect",
"from",
"medical",
"help",
",",
"and",
"on",
"a",
"new",
"generation",
"of",
"doctors",
"'",
"perception",
"of",
"illness",
".",
"\""
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 36,
"end_token_idx": 43,
"identifier": "/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act",
"tokens": [
"health",
"insurance",
"port",
"##ability",
"and",
"accountability",
"act"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 246,
"end_token_idx": 253,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hans-J%C3%B6rg_Rheinberger",
"tokens": [
"hans",
"-",
"jo",
"##rg",
"r",
"##hein",
"##berger"
]
}
] | [
101,
1998,
2740,
5427,
3316,
2052,
10214,
2000,
10887,
3633,
2030,
10214,
2000,
3073,
5427,
2000,
2111,
2138,
1997,
1037,
2740,
5142,
5393,
2011,
2619,
1005,
1055,
9165,
1012,
1999,
2727,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2979,
1996,
2740,
5427,
3417,
8010,
1998,
17842,
2552,
1006,
5099,
11057,
1007,
1010,
2029,
18227,
2114,
1996,
24641,
1998,
2512,
1011,
9530,
5054,
6342,
2389,
2713,
1997,
14258,
27800,
2740,
2592,
2000,
2151,
9178,
2025,
8851,
5117,
1999,
1996,
9347,
1997,
9871,
2578,
2000,
1037,
5776,
1012,
2247,
2007,
12151,
2035,
1997,
1996,
3155,
2322,
1010,
2199,
1516,
2423,
1010,
2199,
9165,
1999,
1996,
2529,
13458,
1006,
4358,
2012,
2090,
3770,
1010,
2199,
1998,
8574,
1010,
2199,
2012,
1996,
2707,
1997,
1996,
2622,
1007,
1010,
1996,
2529,
13458,
2622,
2036,
4912,
2000,
4769,
1996,
12962,
1010,
3423,
1010,
1998,
2591,
3314,
2008,
2020,
2580,
2011,
1996,
14447,
1997,
1996,
2622,
1012,
2005,
2008,
1010,
1996,
12962,
1010,
3423,
1010,
1998,
2591,
13494,
1006,
3449,
5332,
1007,
2565,
2001,
2631,
1999,
2901,
1012,
2274,
3867,
1997,
1996,
3296,
5166,
2001,
11095,
2000,
4769,
1996,
3449,
5332,
17707,
2013,
1996,
2622,
1012,
2023,
5166,
2318,
2012,
3155,
1002,
1015,
1012,
5401,
2454,
1999,
1996,
2095,
2901,
1010,
2021,
3445,
2000,
3155,
1002,
2324,
2454,
1999,
1996,
2095,
2297,
1012,
5819,
1996,
2622,
2089,
3749,
3278,
6666,
2000,
4200,
1998,
4045,
2470,
1010,
2070,
6048,
2031,
13155,
1996,
2342,
2000,
4769,
1996,
4022,
2591,
8465,
1997,
12375,
1996,
2529,
13458,
1012,
5272,
1997,
2671,
7003,
1011,
8183,
10623,
1054,
26496,
14859,
2626,
2008,
1000,
1996,
9824,
1997,
1005,
8382,
6026,
1005,
7870,
1998,
2037,
2825,
9526,
2097,
2031,
1037,
13769,
4254,
2006,
2054,
5022,
5987,
2013,
2966,
2393,
1010,
1998,
2006,
1037,
2047,
4245,
1997,
7435,
1005,
10617,
1997,
7355,
1012,
1000,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"jazz",
"is",
"a",
"music",
"genre",
"that",
"originated",
"in",
"the",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"communities",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
",",
"louisiana",
",",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"19th",
"and",
"early",
"20th",
"centuries",
",",
"with",
"its",
"roots",
"in",
"blues",
",",
"rag",
"##time",
",",
"european",
"harmony",
"and",
"african",
"rhythmic",
"rituals",
".",
"since",
"the",
"1920s",
"jazz",
"age",
",",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"recognized",
"as",
"a",
"major",
"form",
"of",
"musical",
"expression",
"in",
"traditional",
"and",
"popular",
"music",
".",
"jazz",
"is",
"characterized",
"by",
"swing",
"and",
"blue",
"notes",
",",
"complex",
"chords",
",",
"call",
"and",
"response",
"vocals",
",",
"poly",
"##rh",
"##yt",
"##hm",
"##s",
"and",
"improvisation",
".",
"as",
"jazz",
"spread",
"around",
"the",
"world",
",",
"it",
"drew",
"on",
"national",
",",
"regional",
",",
"and",
"local",
"musical",
"cultures",
",",
"which",
"gave",
"rise",
"to",
"different",
"styles",
".",
"new",
"orleans",
"jazz",
"began",
"in",
"the",
"early",
"1910s",
",",
"combining",
"earlier",
"brass",
"band",
"marches",
",",
"french",
"quad",
"##rill",
"##es",
",",
"big",
"##uin",
"##e",
",",
"rag",
"##time",
"and",
"blues",
"with",
"collective",
"poly",
"##phonic",
"improvisation",
".",
"however",
",",
"jazz",
"did",
"not",
"begin",
"as",
"a",
"single",
"musical",
"tradition",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
"or",
"elsewhere",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1930s",
",",
"arranged",
"dance",
"-",
"oriented",
"swing",
"big",
"bands",
",",
"kansas",
"city",
"jazz",
"(",
"a",
"hard",
"-",
"swinging",
",",
"blues",
"##y",
",",
"improvisation",
"##al",
"style",
")",
",",
"and",
"gypsy",
"jazz",
"(",
"a",
"style",
"that",
"emphasized",
"muse",
"##tte",
"waltz",
"##es",
")",
"were",
"the",
"prominent",
"styles",
".",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"emerged",
"in",
"the",
"1940s",
",",
"shifting",
"jazz",
"from",
"dance",
"##able",
"popular",
"music",
"toward",
"a",
"more",
"challenging",
"\"",
"musician",
"'",
"s",
"music",
"\"",
"which",
"was",
"played",
"at",
"faster",
"tempo",
"##s",
"and",
"used",
"more",
"chord",
"-",
"based",
"improvisation",
".",
"cool",
"jazz",
"developed",
"near",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"1940s",
",",
"introducing",
"calm",
"##er",
",",
"smooth",
"##er",
"sounds",
"and",
"long",
",",
"linear",
"melodic",
"lines",
".",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1950s",
"saw",
"the",
"emergence",
"of",
"hard",
"bop",
",",
"which",
"introduced",
"influences",
"from",
"rhythm",
"and",
"blues",
",",
"gospel",
",",
"and",
"blues",
"to",
"small",
"groups",
"and",
"particularly",
"to",
"saxophone",
"and",
"piano",
".",
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz",
"developed",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1950s",
",",
"using",
"the",
"mode",
",",
"or",
"musical",
"scale",
",",
"as",
"the",
"basis",
"of",
"musical",
"structure",
"and",
"improvisation",
",",
"as",
"did",
"free",
"jazz",
",",
"which",
"explored",
"playing",
"without",
"regular",
"meter",
",",
"beat",
"and",
"formal",
"structures",
".",
"jazz",
"-",
"rock",
"fusion",
"appeared",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1960s",
"and",
"early",
"1970s",
",",
"combining",
"jazz",
"improvisation",
"with",
"rock",
"music",
"'",
"s",
"rhythms",
",",
"electric",
"instruments",
",",
"and",
"highly",
"amplified",
"stage",
"sound",
".",
"in",
"the",
"early",
"1980s",
",",
"a",
"commercial",
"form",
"of",
"jazz",
"fusion",
"called",
"smooth",
"jazz",
"became",
"successful",
",",
"garner",
"##ing",
"significant",
"radio",
"airplay",
".",
"other",
"styles",
"and",
"genres",
"ab",
"##ound",
"in",
"the",
"21st",
"century",
",",
"such",
"as",
"latin",
"and",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz",
".",
"the",
"origin",
"of",
"the",
"word",
"jazz",
"has",
"resulted",
"in",
"considerable",
"research",
",",
"and",
"its",
"history",
"is",
"well",
"documented",
".",
"it",
"is",
"believed",
"to",
"be",
"related",
"to",
"ja",
"##sm",
",",
"a",
"slang",
"term",
"dating",
"back",
"to",
"1860",
"meaning",
"'",
"pep",
",",
"energy",
"'",
".",
"the",
"earliest",
"written",
"record",
"of",
"the",
"word",
"is",
"in",
"a",
"1912",
"article",
"in",
"the",
"los",
"angeles",
"times",
"in",
"which",
"a",
"minor",
"league",
"baseball",
"pitcher",
"described",
"a"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 3,
"end_token_idx": 5,
"identifier": "/wiki/Music_genre",
"tokens": [
"music",
"genre"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 9,
"end_token_idx": 12,
"identifier": "/wiki/African_Americans",
"tokens": [
"african",
"-",
"american"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 16,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Orleans",
"tokens": [
"new",
"orleans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 17,
"end_token_idx": 18,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louisiana",
"tokens": [
"louisiana"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 32,
"end_token_idx": 33,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blues",
"tokens": [
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 34,
"end_token_idx": 36,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ragtime",
"tokens": [
"rag",
"##time"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 38,
"end_token_idx": 39,
"identifier": "/wiki/Harmony",
"tokens": [
"harmony"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 49,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_Age",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"age"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 62,
"end_token_idx": 63,
"identifier": "/wiki/Traditional_music",
"tokens": [
"traditional"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 64,
"end_token_idx": 66,
"identifier": "/wiki/Popular_music",
"tokens": [
"popular",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 71,
"end_token_idx": 72,
"identifier": "/wiki/Swung_note",
"tokens": [
"swing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 73,
"end_token_idx": 75,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blue_note",
"tokens": [
"blue",
"notes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 77,
"end_token_idx": 78,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chord_(music)",
"tokens": [
"chords"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 79,
"end_token_idx": 83,
"identifier": "/wiki/Call_and_response_(music)",
"tokens": [
"call",
"and",
"response",
"vocals"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 84,
"end_token_idx": 89,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polyrhythm",
"tokens": [
"poly",
"##rh",
"##yt",
"##hm",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 90,
"end_token_idx": 91,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_improvisation",
"tokens": [
"improvisation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 118,
"end_token_idx": 121,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dixieland",
"tokens": [
"new",
"orleans",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 129,
"end_token_idx": 131,
"identifier": "/wiki/Brass_band",
"tokens": [
"brass",
"band"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 134,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Quadrille",
"tokens": [
"quad",
"##rill",
"##es"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 138,
"end_token_idx": 141,
"identifier": "/wiki/Biguine",
"tokens": [
"big",
"##uin",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 148,
"end_token_idx": 150,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polyphony",
"tokens": [
"poly",
"##phonic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 150,
"end_token_idx": 151,
"identifier": "/wiki/Musical_improvisation",
"tokens": [
"improvisation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 177,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/Swing_(music)",
"tokens": [
"swing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 178,
"end_token_idx": 180,
"identifier": "/wiki/Big_band",
"tokens": [
"big",
"bands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 181,
"end_token_idx": 184,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kansas_City_jazz",
"tokens": [
"kansas",
"city",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 199,
"end_token_idx": 201,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gypsy_jazz",
"tokens": [
"gypsy",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 206,
"end_token_idx": 208,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bal-musette",
"tokens": [
"muse",
"##tte"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 216,
"end_token_idx": 219,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bebop",
"tokens": [
"be",
"##bo",
"##p"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 256,
"end_token_idx": 258,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cool_jazz",
"tokens": [
"cool",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 288,
"end_token_idx": 290,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hard_bop",
"tokens": [
"hard",
"bop"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 295,
"end_token_idx": 298,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues",
"tokens": [
"rhythm",
"and",
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 299,
"end_token_idx": 300,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gospel_music",
"tokens": [
"gospel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 313,
"end_token_idx": 316,
"identifier": "/wiki/Modal_jazz",
"tokens": [
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 324,
"end_token_idx": 325,
"identifier": "/wiki/Musical_mode",
"tokens": [
"mode"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 341,
"end_token_idx": 343,
"identifier": "/wiki/Free_jazz",
"tokens": [
"free",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 360,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_fusion",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"-",
"rock",
"fusion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 373,
"end_token_idx": 375,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rock_music",
"tokens": [
"rock",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 400,
"end_token_idx": 402,
"identifier": "/wiki/Smooth_jazz",
"tokens": [
"smooth",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 424,
"end_token_idx": 425,
"identifier": "/wiki/Latin_jazz",
"tokens": [
"latin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 426,
"end_token_idx": 430,
"identifier": "/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz",
"tokens": [
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 436,
"end_token_idx": 437,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_(word)",
"tokens": [
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 488,
"end_token_idx": 491,
"identifier": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times",
"tokens": [
"los",
"angeles",
"times"
]
}
] | [
101,
4166,
2003,
1037,
2189,
6907,
2008,
7940,
1999,
1996,
3060,
1011,
2137,
4279,
1997,
2047,
5979,
1010,
5773,
1010,
1999,
1996,
2397,
3708,
1998,
2220,
3983,
4693,
1010,
2007,
2049,
6147,
1999,
5132,
1010,
17768,
7292,
1010,
2647,
9396,
1998,
3060,
14797,
13549,
1012,
2144,
1996,
6641,
4166,
2287,
1010,
2009,
2038,
2042,
3858,
2004,
1037,
2350,
2433,
1997,
3315,
3670,
1999,
3151,
1998,
2759,
2189,
1012,
4166,
2003,
7356,
2011,
7370,
1998,
2630,
3964,
1010,
3375,
18495,
1010,
2655,
1998,
3433,
2955,
1010,
26572,
25032,
22123,
14227,
2015,
1998,
24584,
1012,
2004,
4166,
3659,
2105,
1996,
2088,
1010,
2009,
3881,
2006,
2120,
1010,
3164,
1010,
1998,
2334,
3315,
8578,
1010,
2029,
2435,
4125,
2000,
2367,
6782,
1012,
2047,
5979,
4166,
2211,
1999,
1996,
2220,
28088,
1010,
11566,
3041,
8782,
2316,
20691,
1010,
2413,
17718,
24714,
2229,
1010,
2502,
20023,
2063,
1010,
17768,
7292,
1998,
5132,
2007,
7268,
26572,
27385,
24584,
1012,
2174,
1010,
4166,
2106,
2025,
4088,
2004,
1037,
2309,
3315,
4535,
1999,
2047,
5979,
2030,
6974,
1012,
1999,
1996,
5687,
1010,
5412,
3153,
1011,
8048,
7370,
2502,
4996,
1010,
5111,
2103,
4166,
1006,
1037,
2524,
1011,
11820,
1010,
5132,
2100,
1010,
24584,
2389,
2806,
1007,
1010,
1998,
16006,
4166,
1006,
1037,
2806,
2008,
13155,
18437,
4674,
17569,
2229,
1007,
2020,
1996,
4069,
6782,
1012,
2022,
5092,
2361,
6003,
1999,
1996,
7675,
1010,
9564,
4166,
2013,
3153,
3085,
2759,
2189,
2646,
1037,
2062,
10368,
1000,
5455,
1005,
1055,
2189,
1000,
2029,
2001,
2209,
2012,
5514,
13657,
2015,
1998,
2109,
2062,
13924,
1011,
2241,
24584,
1012,
4658,
4166,
2764,
2379,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
7675,
1010,
10449,
5475,
2121,
1010,
5744,
2121,
4165,
1998,
2146,
1010,
7399,
17187,
3210,
1012,
1996,
3054,
1011,
4856,
2387,
1996,
14053,
1997,
2524,
29432,
1010,
2029,
3107,
8092,
2013,
6348,
1998,
5132,
1010,
8036,
1010,
1998,
5132,
2000,
2235,
2967,
1998,
3391,
2000,
8283,
1998,
3682,
1012,
16913,
2389,
4166,
2764,
1999,
1996,
2397,
4856,
1010,
2478,
1996,
5549,
1010,
2030,
3315,
4094,
1010,
2004,
1996,
3978,
1997,
3315,
3252,
1998,
24584,
1010,
2004,
2106,
2489,
4166,
1010,
2029,
10641,
2652,
2302,
3180,
8316,
1010,
3786,
1998,
5337,
5090,
1012,
4166,
1011,
2600,
10077,
2596,
1999,
1996,
2397,
4120,
1998,
2220,
3955,
1010,
11566,
4166,
24584,
2007,
2600,
2189,
1005,
1055,
17900,
1010,
3751,
5693,
1010,
1998,
3811,
26986,
2754,
2614,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2220,
3865,
1010,
1037,
3293,
2433,
1997,
4166,
10077,
2170,
5744,
4166,
2150,
3144,
1010,
18661,
2075,
3278,
2557,
15341,
1012,
2060,
6782,
1998,
11541,
11113,
28819,
1999,
1996,
7398,
2301,
1010,
2107,
2004,
3763,
1998,
17694,
1011,
9642,
4166,
1012,
1996,
4761,
1997,
1996,
2773,
4166,
2038,
4504,
1999,
6196,
2470,
1010,
1998,
2049,
2381,
2003,
2092,
8832,
1012,
2009,
2003,
3373,
2000,
2022,
3141,
2000,
14855,
6491,
1010,
1037,
21435,
2744,
5306,
2067,
2000,
7313,
3574,
1005,
27233,
1010,
2943,
1005,
1012,
1996,
5700,
2517,
2501,
1997,
1996,
2773,
2003,
1999,
1037,
4878,
3720,
1999,
1996,
3050,
3349,
2335,
1999,
2029,
1037,
3576,
2223,
3598,
8070,
2649,
1037,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"pitch",
"which",
"he",
"called",
"a",
"'",
"jazz",
"ball",
"'",
"\"",
"because",
"it",
"wo",
"##bble",
"##s",
"and",
"you",
"simply",
"can",
"'",
"t",
"do",
"anything",
"with",
"it",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"the",
"word",
"in",
"a",
"musical",
"context",
"was",
"documented",
"as",
"early",
"as",
"1915",
"in",
"the",
"chicago",
"daily",
"tribune",
".",
"its",
"first",
"documented",
"use",
"in",
"a",
"musical",
"context",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
"was",
"in",
"a",
"november",
"14",
",",
"1916",
",",
"times",
"-",
"pic",
"##ay",
"##une",
"article",
"about",
"\"",
"ja",
"##s",
"bands",
"\"",
".",
"in",
"an",
"interview",
"with",
"national",
"public",
"radio",
",",
"musician",
"eu",
"##bie",
"blake",
"offered",
"his",
"rec",
"##oll",
"##ection",
"##s",
"of",
"the",
"slang",
"con",
"##not",
"##ations",
"of",
"the",
"term",
",",
"saying",
":",
"\"",
"when",
"broadway",
"picked",
"it",
"up",
",",
"they",
"called",
"it",
"'",
"j",
"-",
"a",
"-",
"z",
"-",
"z",
"'",
".",
"it",
"wasn",
"'",
"t",
"called",
"that",
".",
"it",
"was",
"spelled",
"'",
"j",
"-",
"a",
"-",
"s",
"-",
"s",
"'",
".",
"that",
"was",
"dirty",
",",
"and",
"if",
"you",
"knew",
"what",
"it",
"was",
",",
"you",
"wouldn",
"'",
"t",
"say",
"it",
"in",
"front",
"of",
"ladies",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"american",
"dialect",
"society",
"named",
"it",
"the",
"word",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"jazz",
"is",
"difficult",
"to",
"define",
"because",
"it",
"encompasses",
"a",
"wide",
"range",
"of",
"music",
"spanning",
"a",
"period",
"of",
"over",
"100",
"years",
",",
"from",
"rag",
"##time",
"to",
"rock",
"-",
"infused",
"fusion",
".",
"attempts",
"have",
"been",
"made",
"to",
"define",
"jazz",
"from",
"the",
"perspective",
"of",
"other",
"musical",
"traditions",
",",
"such",
"as",
"european",
"music",
"history",
"or",
"african",
"music",
".",
"but",
"critic",
"joachim",
"-",
"ernst",
"be",
"##ren",
"##dt",
"argues",
"that",
"its",
"terms",
"of",
"reference",
"and",
"its",
"definition",
"should",
"be",
"broader",
",",
"defining",
"jazz",
"as",
"a",
"\"",
"form",
"of",
"art",
"music",
"which",
"originated",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"through",
"the",
"confrontation",
"of",
"the",
"negro",
"with",
"european",
"music",
"\"",
"and",
"arguing",
"that",
"it",
"differs",
"from",
"european",
"music",
"in",
"that",
"jazz",
"has",
"a",
"\"",
"special",
"relationship",
"to",
"time",
"defined",
"as",
"'",
"swing",
"'",
"\"",
".",
"jazz",
"involves",
"\"",
"a",
"sp",
"##ont",
"##ane",
"##ity",
"and",
"vital",
"##ity",
"of",
"musical",
"production",
"in",
"which",
"improvisation",
"plays",
"a",
"role",
"\"",
"and",
"contains",
"a",
"\"",
"son",
"##ori",
"##ty",
"and",
"manner",
"of",
"ph",
"##ras",
"##ing",
"which",
"mirror",
"the",
"individual",
"##ity",
"of",
"the",
"performing",
"jazz",
"musician",
"\"",
".",
"a",
"broader",
"definition",
"that",
"encompasses",
"different",
"eras",
"of",
"jazz",
"has",
"been",
"proposed",
"by",
"travis",
"jackson",
":",
"\"",
"it",
"is",
"music",
"that",
"includes",
"qualities",
"such",
"as",
"swing",
",",
"imp",
"##rov",
"##ising",
",",
"group",
"interaction",
",",
"developing",
"an",
"'",
"individual",
"voice",
"'",
",",
"and",
"being",
"open",
"to",
"different",
"musical",
"possibilities",
"\"",
".",
"k",
"##rin",
"gi",
"##bba",
"##rd",
"argued",
"that",
"\"",
"jazz",
"is",
"a",
"construct",
"\"",
"which",
"designate",
"##s",
"\"",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"music",
"##s",
"with",
"enough",
"in",
"common",
"to",
"be",
"understood",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"coherent",
"tradition",
"\"",
".",
"duke",
"ellington",
",",
"one",
"of",
"jazz",
"'",
"s",
"most",
"famous",
"figures",
",",
"said",
",",
"\"",
"it",
"'",
"s",
"all",
"music",
".",
"\"",
"although",
"jazz",
"is",
"considered",
"difficult",
"to",
"define",
",",
"in",
"part",
"because",
"it",
"contains",
"many",
"sub",
"##gen",
"##res",
",",
"improvisation",
"is",
"one",
"of",
"its",
"defining",
"elements",
".",
"the",
"central",
"##ity",
"of",
"improvisation",
"is",
"attributed"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 44,
"end_token_idx": 47,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chicago_Daily_Tribune",
"tokens": [
"chicago",
"daily",
"tribune"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 67,
"end_token_idx": 72,
"identifier": "/wiki/Times-Picayune",
"tokens": [
"times",
"-",
"pic",
"##ay",
"##une"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 84,
"end_token_idx": 87,
"identifier": "/wiki/National_Public_Radio",
"tokens": [
"national",
"public",
"radio"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 89,
"end_token_idx": 92,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eubie_Blake",
"tokens": [
"eu",
"##bie",
"blake"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 175,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/American_Dialect_Society",
"tokens": [
"american",
"dialect",
"society"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 181,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Word_of_the_year",
"tokens": [
"word",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 211,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ragtime",
"tokens": [
"rag",
"##time"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 212,
"end_token_idx": 213,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rock_music",
"tokens": [
"rock"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 216,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_fusion",
"tokens": [
"fusion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 243,
"end_token_idx": 249,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joachim-Ernst_Berendt",
"tokens": [
"joachim",
"-",
"ernst",
"be",
"##ren",
"##dt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 271,
"identifier": "/wiki/Art_music",
"tokens": [
"art",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 445,
"end_token_idx": 447,
"identifier": "/wiki/Duke_Ellington",
"tokens": [
"duke",
"ellington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 485,
"end_token_idx": 486,
"identifier": "/wiki/Musical_improvisation",
"tokens": [
"improvisation"
]
}
] | [
101,
6510,
2029,
2002,
2170,
1037,
1005,
4166,
3608,
1005,
1000,
2138,
2009,
24185,
11362,
2015,
1998,
2017,
3432,
2064,
1005,
1056,
2079,
2505,
2007,
2009,
1000,
1012,
1996,
2224,
1997,
1996,
2773,
1999,
1037,
3315,
6123,
2001,
8832,
2004,
2220,
2004,
4936,
1999,
1996,
3190,
3679,
10969,
1012,
2049,
2034,
8832,
2224,
1999,
1037,
3315,
6123,
1999,
2047,
5979,
2001,
1999,
1037,
2281,
2403,
1010,
4947,
1010,
2335,
1011,
27263,
4710,
9816,
3720,
2055,
1000,
14855,
2015,
4996,
1000,
1012,
1999,
2019,
4357,
2007,
2120,
2270,
2557,
1010,
5455,
7327,
11283,
6511,
3253,
2010,
28667,
14511,
18491,
2015,
1997,
1996,
21435,
9530,
17048,
10708,
1997,
1996,
2744,
1010,
3038,
1024,
1000,
2043,
5934,
3856,
2009,
2039,
1010,
2027,
2170,
2009,
1005,
1046,
1011,
1037,
1011,
1062,
1011,
1062,
1005,
1012,
2009,
2347,
1005,
1056,
2170,
2008,
1012,
2009,
2001,
11479,
1005,
1046,
1011,
1037,
1011,
1055,
1011,
1055,
1005,
1012,
2008,
2001,
6530,
1010,
1998,
2065,
2017,
2354,
2054,
2009,
2001,
1010,
2017,
2876,
1005,
1056,
2360,
2009,
1999,
2392,
1997,
6456,
1012,
1000,
1996,
2137,
9329,
2554,
2315,
2009,
1996,
2773,
1997,
1996,
3983,
2301,
1012,
4166,
2003,
3697,
2000,
9375,
2138,
2009,
13974,
1037,
2898,
2846,
1997,
2189,
13912,
1037,
2558,
1997,
2058,
2531,
2086,
1010,
2013,
17768,
7292,
2000,
2600,
1011,
29592,
10077,
1012,
4740,
2031,
2042,
2081,
2000,
9375,
4166,
2013,
1996,
7339,
1997,
2060,
3315,
7443,
1010,
2107,
2004,
2647,
2189,
2381,
2030,
3060,
2189,
1012,
2021,
6232,
17286,
1011,
10728,
2022,
7389,
11927,
9251,
2008,
2049,
3408,
1997,
4431,
1998,
2049,
6210,
2323,
2022,
12368,
1010,
12854,
4166,
2004,
1037,
1000,
2433,
1997,
2396,
2189,
2029,
7940,
1999,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2083,
1996,
13111,
1997,
1996,
12593,
2007,
2647,
2189,
1000,
1998,
9177,
2008,
2009,
12980,
2013,
2647,
2189,
1999,
2008,
4166,
2038,
1037,
1000,
2569,
3276,
2000,
2051,
4225,
2004,
1005,
7370,
1005,
1000,
1012,
4166,
7336,
1000,
1037,
11867,
12162,
7231,
3012,
1998,
8995,
3012,
1997,
3315,
2537,
1999,
2029,
24584,
3248,
1037,
2535,
1000,
1998,
3397,
1037,
1000,
2365,
10050,
3723,
1998,
5450,
1997,
6887,
8180,
2075,
2029,
5259,
1996,
3265,
3012,
1997,
1996,
4488,
4166,
5455,
1000,
1012,
1037,
12368,
6210,
2008,
13974,
2367,
28500,
1997,
4166,
2038,
2042,
3818,
2011,
10001,
4027,
1024,
1000,
2009,
2003,
2189,
2008,
2950,
11647,
2107,
2004,
7370,
1010,
17727,
12298,
9355,
1010,
2177,
8290,
1010,
4975,
2019,
1005,
3265,
2376,
1005,
1010,
1998,
2108,
2330,
2000,
2367,
3315,
12020,
1000,
1012,
1047,
6657,
21025,
22414,
4103,
5275,
2008,
1000,
4166,
2003,
1037,
9570,
1000,
2029,
24414,
2015,
1000,
1037,
2193,
1997,
2189,
2015,
2007,
2438,
1999,
2691,
2000,
2022,
5319,
2004,
2112,
1997,
1037,
18920,
4535,
1000,
1012,
3804,
21630,
1010,
2028,
1997,
4166,
1005,
1055,
2087,
3297,
4481,
1010,
2056,
1010,
1000,
2009,
1005,
1055,
2035,
2189,
1012,
1000,
2348,
4166,
2003,
2641,
3697,
2000,
9375,
1010,
1999,
2112,
2138,
2009,
3397,
2116,
4942,
6914,
6072,
1010,
24584,
2003,
2028,
1997,
2049,
12854,
3787,
1012,
1996,
2430,
3012,
1997,
24584,
2003,
7108,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"to",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"earlier",
"forms",
"of",
"music",
"such",
"as",
"blues",
",",
"a",
"form",
"of",
"folk",
"music",
"which",
"arose",
"in",
"part",
"from",
"the",
"work",
"songs",
"and",
"field",
"ho",
"##ller",
"##s",
"of",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"slaves",
"on",
"plantations",
".",
"these",
"work",
"songs",
"were",
"commonly",
"structured",
"around",
"a",
"repetitive",
"call",
"-",
"and",
"-",
"response",
"pattern",
",",
"but",
"early",
"blues",
"was",
"also",
"improvisation",
"##al",
".",
"classical",
"music",
"performance",
"is",
"evaluated",
"more",
"by",
"its",
"fidelity",
"to",
"the",
"musical",
"score",
",",
"with",
"less",
"attention",
"given",
"to",
"interpretation",
",",
"or",
"##name",
"##ntation",
",",
"and",
"accompaniment",
".",
"the",
"classical",
"performer",
"'",
"s",
"goal",
"is",
"to",
"play",
"the",
"composition",
"as",
"it",
"was",
"written",
".",
"in",
"contrast",
",",
"jazz",
"is",
"often",
"characterized",
"by",
"the",
"product",
"of",
"interaction",
"and",
"collaboration",
",",
"placing",
"less",
"value",
"on",
"the",
"contribution",
"of",
"the",
"composer",
",",
"if",
"there",
"is",
"one",
",",
"and",
"more",
"on",
"the",
"performer",
".",
"the",
"jazz",
"performer",
"interpret",
"##s",
"a",
"tune",
"in",
"individual",
"ways",
",",
"never",
"playing",
"the",
"same",
"composition",
"twice",
".",
"depending",
"on",
"the",
"performer",
"'",
"s",
"mood",
",",
"experience",
",",
"and",
"interaction",
"with",
"band",
"members",
"or",
"audience",
"members",
",",
"the",
"performer",
"may",
"change",
"melodies",
",",
"harmonies",
",",
"and",
"time",
"signatures",
".",
"in",
"early",
"dixie",
"##land",
",",
"a",
".",
"k",
".",
"a",
".",
"new",
"orleans",
"jazz",
",",
"performers",
"took",
"turns",
"playing",
"melodies",
"and",
"imp",
"##rov",
"##ising",
"counter",
"##mel",
"##odies",
".",
"in",
"the",
"swing",
"era",
"of",
"the",
"1920s",
"–",
"'",
"40",
"##s",
",",
"big",
"bands",
"relied",
"more",
"on",
"arrangements",
"which",
"were",
"written",
"or",
"learned",
"by",
"ear",
"and",
"memo",
"##rized",
".",
"soloists",
"improvised",
"within",
"these",
"arrangements",
".",
"in",
"the",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"era",
"of",
"the",
"1940s",
",",
"big",
"bands",
"gave",
"way",
"to",
"small",
"groups",
"and",
"minimal",
"arrangements",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"melody",
"was",
"stated",
"briefly",
"at",
"the",
"beginning",
"and",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"piece",
"was",
"improvised",
".",
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz",
"abandoned",
"chord",
"progression",
"##s",
"to",
"allow",
"musicians",
"to",
"imp",
"##rov",
"##ise",
"even",
"more",
".",
"in",
"many",
"forms",
"of",
"jazz",
",",
"a",
"soloist",
"is",
"supported",
"by",
"a",
"rhythm",
"section",
"of",
"one",
"or",
"more",
"chord",
"##al",
"instruments",
"(",
"piano",
",",
"guitar",
")",
",",
"double",
"bass",
",",
"and",
"drums",
".",
"the",
"rhythm",
"section",
"plays",
"chords",
"and",
"rhythms",
"that",
"outline",
"the",
"composition",
"structure",
"and",
"complement",
"the",
"soloist",
".",
"in",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"and",
"free",
"jazz",
",",
"the",
"separation",
"of",
"soloist",
"and",
"band",
"is",
"reduced",
",",
"and",
"there",
"is",
"license",
",",
"or",
"even",
"a",
"requirement",
",",
"for",
"the",
"abandoning",
"of",
"chords",
",",
"scales",
",",
"and",
"meters",
".",
"since",
"the",
"emergence",
"of",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
",",
"forms",
"of",
"jazz",
"that",
"are",
"commercially",
"oriented",
"or",
"influenced",
"by",
"popular",
"music",
"have",
"been",
"criticized",
".",
"according",
"to",
"bruce",
"johnson",
",",
"there",
"has",
"always",
"been",
"a",
"\"",
"tension",
"between",
"jazz",
"as",
"a",
"commercial",
"music",
"and",
"an",
"art",
"form",
"\"",
".",
"regarding",
"the",
"dixie",
"##land",
"jazz",
"revival",
"of",
"the",
"1940s",
",",
"black",
"musicians",
"rejected",
"it",
"as",
"being",
"shallow",
"nostalgia",
"entertainment",
"for",
"white",
"audiences",
".",
"on",
"the",
"other",
"hand",
",",
"traditional",
"jazz",
"enthusiasts",
"have",
"dismissed",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
",",
"free",
"jazz",
",",
"and",
"jazz",
"fusion",
"as",
"forms",
"of",
"de",
"##base",
"##ment",
"and",
"betrayal",
".",
"an",
"alternative",
"view"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 10,
"end_token_idx": 11,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blues",
"tokens": [
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 23,
"end_token_idx": 25,
"identifier": "/wiki/Work_song",
"tokens": [
"work",
"songs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 26,
"end_token_idx": 30,
"identifier": "/wiki/Field_holler",
"tokens": [
"field",
"ho",
"##ller",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 52,
"identifier": "/wiki/Call_and_response_(music)",
"tokens": [
"call",
"-",
"and",
"-",
"response"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 62,
"end_token_idx": 64,
"identifier": "/wiki/Classical_music",
"tokens": [
"classical",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 73,
"end_token_idx": 75,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sheet_music",
"tokens": [
"musical",
"score"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 195,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dixieland",
"tokens": [
"dixie",
"##land"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 218,
"identifier": "/wiki/Countermelodies",
"tokens": [
"counter",
"##mel",
"##odies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 221,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Swing_music",
"tokens": [
"swing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 231,
"end_token_idx": 233,
"identifier": "/wiki/Big_bands",
"tokens": [
"big",
"bands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 236,
"end_token_idx": 237,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arrangements",
"tokens": [
"arrangements"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 256,
"end_token_idx": 259,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bebop",
"tokens": [
"be",
"##bo",
"##p"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 292,
"end_token_idx": 295,
"identifier": "/wiki/Modal_jazz",
"tokens": [
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 296,
"end_token_idx": 299,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chord_progressions",
"tokens": [
"chord",
"progression",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 321,
"end_token_idx": 323,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rhythm_section",
"tokens": [
"rhythm",
"section"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 360,
"end_token_idx": 363,
"identifier": "/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz",
"tokens": [
"avant",
"-",
"garde"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 364,
"end_token_idx": 366,
"identifier": "/wiki/Free_jazz",
"tokens": [
"free",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 447,
"end_token_idx": 450,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dixieland_jazz",
"tokens": [
"dixie",
"##land",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 486,
"end_token_idx": 488,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_fusion",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"fusion"
]
}
] | [
101,
2000,
1996,
3747,
1997,
3041,
3596,
1997,
2189,
2107,
2004,
5132,
1010,
1037,
2433,
1997,
5154,
2189,
2029,
10375,
1999,
2112,
2013,
1996,
2147,
2774,
1998,
2492,
7570,
10820,
2015,
1997,
3060,
1011,
2137,
7179,
2006,
14979,
1012,
2122,
2147,
2774,
2020,
4141,
14336,
2105,
1037,
23563,
2655,
1011,
1998,
1011,
3433,
5418,
1010,
2021,
2220,
5132,
2001,
2036,
24584,
2389,
1012,
4556,
2189,
2836,
2003,
16330,
2062,
2011,
2049,
22625,
2000,
1996,
3315,
3556,
1010,
2007,
2625,
3086,
2445,
2000,
7613,
1010,
2030,
18442,
23436,
1010,
1998,
22205,
1012,
1996,
4556,
9256,
1005,
1055,
3125,
2003,
2000,
2377,
1996,
5512,
2004,
2009,
2001,
2517,
1012,
1999,
5688,
1010,
4166,
2003,
2411,
7356,
2011,
1996,
4031,
1997,
8290,
1998,
5792,
1010,
6885,
2625,
3643,
2006,
1996,
6691,
1997,
1996,
4543,
1010,
2065,
2045,
2003,
2028,
1010,
1998,
2062,
2006,
1996,
9256,
1012,
1996,
4166,
9256,
17841,
2015,
1037,
8694,
1999,
3265,
3971,
1010,
2196,
2652,
1996,
2168,
5512,
3807,
1012,
5834,
2006,
1996,
9256,
1005,
1055,
6888,
1010,
3325,
1010,
1998,
8290,
2007,
2316,
2372,
2030,
4378,
2372,
1010,
1996,
9256,
2089,
2689,
16106,
1010,
28594,
1010,
1998,
2051,
16442,
1012,
1999,
2220,
18910,
3122,
1010,
1037,
1012,
1047,
1012,
1037,
1012,
2047,
5979,
4166,
1010,
9567,
2165,
4332,
2652,
16106,
1998,
17727,
12298,
9355,
4675,
10199,
27391,
1012,
1999,
1996,
7370,
3690,
1997,
1996,
6641,
1516,
1005,
2871,
2015,
1010,
2502,
4996,
13538,
2062,
2006,
7565,
2029,
2020,
2517,
2030,
4342,
2011,
4540,
1998,
24443,
18425,
1012,
27516,
19641,
2306,
2122,
7565,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2022,
5092,
2361,
3690,
1997,
1996,
7675,
1010,
2502,
4996,
2435,
2126,
2000,
2235,
2967,
1998,
10124,
7565,
1999,
2029,
1996,
8531,
2001,
3090,
4780,
2012,
1996,
2927,
1998,
2087,
1997,
1996,
3538,
2001,
19641,
1012,
16913,
2389,
4166,
4704,
13924,
14967,
2015,
2000,
3499,
5389,
2000,
17727,
12298,
5562,
2130,
2062,
1012,
1999,
2116,
3596,
1997,
4166,
1010,
1037,
16504,
2003,
3569,
2011,
1037,
6348,
2930,
1997,
2028,
2030,
2062,
13924,
2389,
5693,
1006,
3682,
1010,
2858,
1007,
1010,
3313,
3321,
1010,
1998,
3846,
1012,
1996,
6348,
2930,
3248,
18495,
1998,
17900,
2008,
12685,
1996,
5512,
3252,
1998,
13711,
1996,
16504,
1012,
1999,
14815,
1011,
14535,
1998,
2489,
4166,
1010,
1996,
8745,
1997,
16504,
1998,
2316,
2003,
4359,
1010,
1998,
2045,
2003,
6105,
1010,
2030,
2130,
1037,
9095,
1010,
2005,
1996,
19816,
1997,
18495,
1010,
9539,
1010,
1998,
5563,
1012,
2144,
1996,
14053,
1997,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1010,
3596,
1997,
4166,
2008,
2024,
11088,
8048,
2030,
5105,
2011,
2759,
2189,
2031,
2042,
6367,
1012,
2429,
2000,
5503,
3779,
1010,
2045,
2038,
2467,
2042,
1037,
1000,
6980,
2090,
4166,
2004,
1037,
3293,
2189,
1998,
2019,
2396,
2433,
1000,
1012,
4953,
1996,
18910,
3122,
4166,
6308,
1997,
1996,
7675,
1010,
2304,
5389,
5837,
2009,
2004,
2108,
8467,
26968,
4024,
2005,
2317,
9501,
1012,
2006,
1996,
2060,
2192,
1010,
3151,
4166,
20305,
2031,
7219,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1010,
2489,
4166,
1010,
1998,
4166,
10077,
2004,
3596,
1997,
2139,
15058,
3672,
1998,
14583,
1012,
2019,
4522,
3193,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"is",
"that",
"jazz",
"can",
"absorb",
"and",
"transform",
"diverse",
"musical",
"styles",
".",
"by",
"avoiding",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"norms",
",",
"jazz",
"allows",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"styles",
"to",
"emerge",
".",
"for",
"some",
"african",
"americans",
",",
"jazz",
"has",
"drawn",
"attention",
"to",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"contributions",
"to",
"culture",
"and",
"history",
".",
"for",
"others",
",",
"jazz",
"is",
"a",
"reminder",
"of",
"\"",
"an",
"oppressive",
"and",
"racist",
"society",
"and",
"restrictions",
"on",
"their",
"artistic",
"visions",
"\"",
".",
"amir",
"##i",
"barak",
"##a",
"argues",
"that",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"\"",
"white",
"jazz",
"\"",
"genre",
"that",
"expresses",
"white",
"##ness",
".",
"white",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"appeared",
"in",
"the",
"midwest",
"and",
"in",
"other",
"areas",
"throughout",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"papa",
"jack",
"lai",
"##ne",
",",
"who",
"ran",
"the",
"reliance",
"band",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
"in",
"the",
"1910s",
",",
"was",
"called",
"\"",
"the",
"father",
"of",
"white",
"jazz",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"original",
"dixie",
"##land",
"jazz",
"band",
",",
"whose",
"members",
"were",
"white",
",",
"were",
"the",
"first",
"jazz",
"group",
"to",
"record",
",",
"and",
"bi",
"##x",
"bei",
"##der",
"##beck",
"##e",
"was",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"prominent",
"jazz",
"soloists",
"of",
"the",
"1920s",
".",
"the",
"chicago",
"style",
"was",
"developed",
"by",
"white",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"eddie",
"condo",
"##n",
",",
"bud",
"freeman",
",",
"jimmy",
"mc",
"##par",
"##tland",
",",
"and",
"dave",
"tough",
".",
"others",
"from",
"chicago",
"such",
"as",
"benny",
"goodman",
"and",
"gene",
"k",
"##rup",
"##a",
"became",
"leading",
"members",
"of",
"swing",
"during",
"the",
"1930s",
".",
"many",
"bands",
"included",
"both",
"black",
"and",
"white",
"musicians",
".",
"these",
"musicians",
"helped",
"change",
"attitudes",
"toward",
"race",
"in",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"female",
"jazz",
"performers",
"and",
"composers",
"have",
"contributed",
"to",
"jazz",
"throughout",
"its",
"history",
".",
"although",
"betty",
"carter",
",",
"ella",
"fitzgerald",
",",
"adelaide",
"hall",
",",
"billie",
"holiday",
",",
"peggy",
"lee",
",",
"abbey",
"lincoln",
",",
"anita",
"o",
"'",
"day",
",",
"dinah",
"washington",
",",
"and",
"ethel",
"waters",
"were",
"recognized",
"for",
"their",
"vocal",
"talent",
",",
"less",
"familiar",
"were",
"band",
"##leader",
"##s",
",",
"composers",
",",
"and",
"instrumentalist",
"##s",
"such",
"as",
"pianist",
"lil",
"hardin",
"armstrong",
",",
"trumpeter",
"val",
"##aid",
"##a",
"snow",
",",
"and",
"songwriters",
"irene",
"hi",
"##gg",
"##in",
"##bot",
"##ham",
"and",
"dorothy",
"fields",
".",
"women",
"began",
"playing",
"instruments",
"in",
"jazz",
"in",
"the",
"early",
"1920s",
",",
"drawing",
"particular",
"recognition",
"on",
"piano",
".",
"when",
"male",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"were",
"drafted",
"during",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
",",
"many",
"all",
"-",
"female",
"bands",
"replaced",
"them",
".",
"the",
"international",
"sweetheart",
"##s",
"of",
"rhythm",
",",
"which",
"was",
"founded",
"in",
"1937",
",",
"was",
"a",
"popular",
"band",
"that",
"became",
"the",
"first",
"all",
"-",
"female",
"integrated",
"band",
"in",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"and",
"the",
"first",
"to",
"travel",
"with",
"the",
"us",
"##o",
",",
"touring",
"europe",
"in",
"1945",
".",
"women",
"were",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"big",
"bands",
"of",
"woody",
"herman",
"and",
"gerald",
"wilson",
".",
"beginning",
"in",
"the",
"1950s",
",",
"many",
"women",
"jazz",
"instrumentalist",
"##s",
"were",
"prominent",
",",
"some",
"sustaining",
"long",
"careers",
".",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"distinctive",
"imp",
"##rov",
"##iser",
"##s",
",",
"composers",
",",
"and",
"band",
"##leader",
"##s",
"in",
"jazz",
"have",
"been",
"women",
".",
"tr",
"##om",
"##bon",
"##ist",
"mel",
"##ba",
"list",
"##on",
"is",
"acknowledged",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"female",
"horn",
"player",
"to",
"work",
"in",
"major",
"bands",
"and",
"to",
"make",
"a",
"real",
"impact",
"on",
"jazz",
",",
"not",
"only",
"as",
"a",
"musician",
"but",
"also"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 68,
"end_token_idx": 72,
"identifier": "/wiki/Amiri_Baraka",
"tokens": [
"amir",
"##i",
"barak",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 84,
"end_token_idx": 86,
"identifier": "/wiki/Whiteness_studies",
"tokens": [
"white",
"##ness"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 104,
"end_token_idx": 108,
"identifier": "/wiki/Papa_Jack_Laine",
"tokens": [
"papa",
"jack",
"lai",
"##ne"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 132,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Original_Dixieland_Jazz_Band",
"tokens": [
"original",
"dixie",
"##land",
"jazz",
"band"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 152,
"end_token_idx": 158,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bix_Beiderbecke",
"tokens": [
"bi",
"##x",
"bei",
"##der",
"##beck",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 183,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eddie_Condon",
"tokens": [
"eddie",
"condo",
"##n"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 184,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bud_Freeman",
"tokens": [
"bud",
"freeman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 187,
"end_token_idx": 191,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jimmy_McPartland",
"tokens": [
"jimmy",
"mc",
"##par",
"##tland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 195,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dave_Tough",
"tokens": [
"dave",
"tough"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 201,
"end_token_idx": 203,
"identifier": "/wiki/Benny_Goodman",
"tokens": [
"benny",
"goodman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 204,
"end_token_idx": 208,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gene_Krupa",
"tokens": [
"gene",
"k",
"##rup",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 253,
"end_token_idx": 255,
"identifier": "/wiki/Betty_Carter",
"tokens": [
"betty",
"carter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 256,
"end_token_idx": 258,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald",
"tokens": [
"ella",
"fitzgerald"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 261,
"identifier": "/wiki/Adelaide_Hall",
"tokens": [
"adelaide",
"hall"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 264,
"identifier": "/wiki/Billie_Holiday",
"tokens": [
"billie",
"holiday"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 265,
"end_token_idx": 267,
"identifier": "/wiki/Peggy_Lee",
"tokens": [
"peggy",
"lee"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 268,
"end_token_idx": 270,
"identifier": "/wiki/Abbey_Lincoln",
"tokens": [
"abbey",
"lincoln"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 271,
"end_token_idx": 275,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anita_O%27Day",
"tokens": [
"anita",
"o",
"'",
"day"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 276,
"end_token_idx": 278,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dinah_Washington",
"tokens": [
"dinah",
"washington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 280,
"end_token_idx": 282,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ethel_Waters",
"tokens": [
"ethel",
"waters"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 304,
"end_token_idx": 307,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lil_Hardin_Armstrong",
"tokens": [
"lil",
"hardin",
"armstrong"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 309,
"end_token_idx": 313,
"identifier": "/wiki/Valaida_Snow",
"tokens": [
"val",
"##aid",
"##a",
"snow"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 316,
"end_token_idx": 322,
"identifier": "/wiki/Irene_Higginbotham",
"tokens": [
"irene",
"hi",
"##gg",
"##in",
"##bot",
"##ham"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 323,
"end_token_idx": 325,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dorothy_Fields",
"tokens": [
"dorothy",
"fields"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 355,
"end_token_idx": 359,
"identifier": "/wiki/All-female_bands",
"tokens": [
"all",
"-",
"female",
"bands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 362,
"end_token_idx": 368,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_International_Sweethearts_of_Rhythm",
"tokens": [
"the",
"international",
"sweetheart",
"##s",
"of",
"rhythm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 401,
"end_token_idx": 403,
"identifier": "/wiki/USO",
"tokens": [
"us",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 417,
"end_token_idx": 419,
"identifier": "/wiki/Woody_Herman",
"tokens": [
"woody",
"herman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 420,
"end_token_idx": 422,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gerald_Wilson",
"tokens": [
"gerald",
"wilson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 467,
"end_token_idx": 471,
"identifier": "/wiki/Melba_Liston",
"tokens": [
"mel",
"##ba",
"list",
"##on"
]
}
] | [
101,
2003,
2008,
4166,
2064,
16888,
1998,
10938,
7578,
3315,
6782,
1012,
2011,
9992,
1996,
4325,
1997,
17606,
1010,
4166,
4473,
14815,
1011,
14535,
6782,
2000,
12636,
1012,
2005,
2070,
3060,
4841,
1010,
4166,
2038,
4567,
3086,
2000,
3060,
1011,
2137,
5857,
2000,
3226,
1998,
2381,
1012,
2005,
2500,
1010,
4166,
2003,
1037,
14764,
1997,
1000,
2019,
28558,
1998,
16939,
2554,
1998,
9259,
2006,
2037,
6018,
12018,
1000,
1012,
18904,
2072,
27739,
2050,
9251,
2008,
2045,
2003,
1037,
1000,
2317,
4166,
1000,
6907,
2008,
16783,
2317,
2791,
1012,
2317,
4166,
5389,
2596,
1999,
1996,
13608,
1998,
1999,
2060,
2752,
2802,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
13008,
2990,
21110,
2638,
1010,
2040,
2743,
1996,
17975,
2316,
1999,
2047,
5979,
1999,
1996,
28088,
1010,
2001,
2170,
1000,
1996,
2269,
1997,
2317,
4166,
1000,
1012,
1996,
2434,
18910,
3122,
4166,
2316,
1010,
3005,
2372,
2020,
2317,
1010,
2020,
1996,
2034,
4166,
2177,
2000,
2501,
1010,
1998,
12170,
2595,
21388,
4063,
12750,
2063,
2001,
2028,
1997,
1996,
2087,
4069,
4166,
27516,
1997,
1996,
6641,
1012,
1996,
3190,
2806,
2001,
2764,
2011,
2317,
5389,
2107,
2004,
5752,
25805,
2078,
1010,
13007,
11462,
1010,
5261,
11338,
19362,
19270,
1010,
1998,
4913,
7823,
1012,
2500,
2013,
3190,
2107,
2004,
11945,
14514,
1998,
4962,
1047,
21531,
2050,
2150,
2877,
2372,
1997,
7370,
2076,
1996,
5687,
1012,
2116,
4996,
2443,
2119,
2304,
1998,
2317,
5389,
1012,
2122,
5389,
3271,
2689,
13818,
2646,
2679,
1999,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
2931,
4166,
9567,
1998,
9929,
2031,
5201,
2000,
4166,
2802,
2049,
2381,
1012,
2348,
9306,
5708,
1010,
11713,
11864,
1010,
7364,
2534,
1010,
18210,
6209,
1010,
14911,
3389,
1010,
6103,
5367,
1010,
12918,
1051,
1005,
2154,
1010,
26562,
2899,
1010,
1998,
19180,
5380,
2020,
3858,
2005,
2037,
5554,
5848,
1010,
2625,
5220,
2020,
2316,
19000,
2015,
1010,
9929,
1010,
1998,
29253,
2015,
2107,
2004,
9066,
13451,
27522,
9143,
1010,
28220,
11748,
14326,
2050,
4586,
1010,
1998,
20602,
12855,
7632,
13871,
2378,
18384,
3511,
1998,
9984,
4249,
1012,
2308,
2211,
2652,
5693,
1999,
4166,
1999,
1996,
2220,
6641,
1010,
5059,
3327,
5038,
2006,
3682,
1012,
2043,
3287,
4166,
5389,
2020,
7462,
2076,
2088,
2162,
2462,
1010,
2116,
2035,
1011,
2931,
4996,
2999,
2068,
1012,
1996,
2248,
12074,
2015,
1997,
6348,
1010,
2029,
2001,
2631,
1999,
4347,
1010,
2001,
1037,
2759,
2316,
2008,
2150,
1996,
2034,
2035,
1011,
2931,
6377,
2316,
1999,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
1998,
1996,
2034,
2000,
3604,
2007,
1996,
2149,
2080,
1010,
6828,
2885,
1999,
3386,
1012,
2308,
2020,
2372,
1997,
1996,
2502,
4996,
1997,
13703,
11458,
1998,
9659,
4267,
1012,
2927,
1999,
1996,
4856,
1010,
2116,
2308,
4166,
29253,
2015,
2020,
4069,
1010,
2070,
22663,
2146,
10922,
1012,
2070,
1997,
1996,
2087,
8200,
17727,
12298,
17288,
2015,
1010,
9929,
1010,
1998,
2316,
19000,
2015,
1999,
4166,
2031,
2042,
2308,
1012,
19817,
5358,
11735,
2923,
11463,
3676,
2862,
2239,
2003,
8969,
2004,
1996,
2034,
2931,
7109,
2447,
2000,
2147,
1999,
2350,
4996,
1998,
2000,
2191,
1037,
2613,
4254,
2006,
4166,
1010,
2025,
2069,
2004,
1037,
5455,
2021,
2036,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"as",
"a",
"respected",
"composer",
"and",
"arranger",
",",
"particularly",
"through",
"her",
"collaborations",
"with",
"randy",
"weston",
"from",
"the",
"late",
"1950s",
"into",
"the",
"1990s",
".",
"jewish",
"americans",
"played",
"a",
"significant",
"role",
"in",
"jazz",
".",
"as",
"jazz",
"spread",
",",
"it",
"developed",
"to",
"encompass",
"many",
"different",
"cultures",
",",
"and",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"jewish",
"composers",
"in",
"tin",
"pan",
"alley",
"helped",
"shape",
"the",
"many",
"different",
"sounds",
"that",
"jazz",
"came",
"to",
"incorporate",
".",
"jewish",
"americans",
"were",
"able",
"to",
"thrive",
"in",
"jazz",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"probation",
"##ary",
"white",
"##ness",
"that",
"they",
"were",
"allotted",
"at",
"the",
"time",
".",
"george",
"born",
"##stein",
"wrote",
"that",
"african",
"americans",
"were",
"sympathetic",
"to",
"the",
"plight",
"of",
"the",
"jewish",
"american",
"and",
"vice",
"versa",
".",
"as",
"di",
"##sen",
"##fra",
"##nch",
"##ised",
"minorities",
"themselves",
",",
"jewish",
"composers",
"of",
"popular",
"music",
"saw",
"themselves",
"as",
"natural",
"allies",
"with",
"african",
"americans",
".",
"the",
"jazz",
"singer",
"with",
"al",
"jo",
"##lson",
"is",
"one",
"example",
"of",
"how",
"jewish",
"americans",
"were",
"able",
"to",
"bring",
"jazz",
",",
"music",
"that",
"african",
"americans",
"developed",
",",
"into",
"popular",
"culture",
".",
"benny",
"goodman",
"was",
"a",
"vital",
"jewish",
"american",
"to",
"the",
"progression",
"of",
"jazz",
".",
"goodman",
"was",
"the",
"leader",
"of",
"a",
"racial",
"##ly",
"integrated",
"band",
"named",
"king",
"of",
"swing",
".",
"his",
"jazz",
"concert",
"in",
"the",
"carnegie",
"hall",
"in",
"1938",
"was",
"the",
"first",
"ever",
"to",
"be",
"played",
"there",
".",
"the",
"concert",
"was",
"described",
"by",
"bruce",
"ed",
"##er",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"single",
"most",
"important",
"jazz",
"or",
"popular",
"music",
"concert",
"in",
"history",
"\"",
".",
"she",
"##p",
"fields",
"also",
"helped",
"to",
"popular",
"##ize",
"\"",
"sweet",
"\"",
"jazz",
"music",
"through",
"his",
"appearances",
"and",
"big",
"band",
"remote",
"broadcasts",
"from",
"such",
"landmark",
"venues",
"as",
"chicago",
"'",
"s",
"palmer",
"house",
",",
"broadway",
"'",
"s",
"paramount",
"theater",
"and",
"the",
"star",
"##light",
"roof",
"at",
"the",
"famed",
"waldo",
"##rf",
"-",
"astoria",
"hotel",
".",
"he",
"entertained",
"audiences",
"with",
"a",
"light",
"elegant",
"musical",
"style",
"which",
"remained",
"popular",
"with",
"audiences",
"for",
"nearly",
"three",
"decades",
"from",
"the",
"1930s",
"until",
"the",
"late",
"1950s",
".",
"jazz",
"originated",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"-",
"19th",
"to",
"early",
"-",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"it",
"developed",
"out",
"of",
"many",
"forms",
"of",
"music",
",",
"including",
"blues",
",",
"spiritual",
"##s",
",",
"hymns",
",",
"marches",
",",
"vaudeville",
"song",
",",
"rag",
"##time",
",",
"and",
"dance",
"music",
".",
"it",
"also",
"incorporated",
"interpretations",
"of",
"american",
"and",
"european",
"classical",
"music",
",",
"en",
"##twined",
"with",
"african",
"and",
"slave",
"folk",
"songs",
"and",
"the",
"influences",
"of",
"west",
"african",
"culture",
".",
"its",
"composition",
"and",
"style",
"have",
"changed",
"many",
"times",
"throughout",
"the",
"years",
"with",
"each",
"performer",
"'",
"s",
"personal",
"interpretation",
"and",
"improvisation",
",",
"which",
"is",
"also",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"greatest",
"appeals",
"of",
"the",
"genre",
".",
"by",
"the",
"18th",
"century",
",",
"slaves",
"in",
"the",
"new",
"orleans",
"area",
"gathered",
"socially",
"at",
"a",
"special",
"market",
",",
"in",
"an",
"area",
"which",
"later",
"became",
"known",
"as",
"congo",
"square",
",",
"famous",
"for",
"its",
"african",
"dances",
".",
"by",
"1866",
",",
"the",
"atlantic",
"slave",
"trade",
"had",
"brought",
"nearly",
"400",
",",
"000",
"africans",
"to",
"north",
"america",
".",
"the",
"slaves",
"came",
"largely",
"from",
"west",
"africa",
"and",
"the",
"greater",
"congo",
"river",
"basin",
"and",
"brought",
"strong",
"musical",
"traditions",
"with",
"them",
".",
"the",
"african",
"traditions",
"primarily",
"use",
"a",
"single",
"-",
"line",
"melody",
"and",
"call",
"-",
"and",
"-",
"response",
"pattern"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 12,
"end_token_idx": 14,
"identifier": "/wiki/Randy_Weston",
"tokens": [
"randy",
"weston"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 50,
"end_token_idx": 53,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley",
"tokens": [
"tin",
"pan",
"alley"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 131,
"end_token_idx": 134,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer",
"tokens": [
"the",
"jazz",
"singer"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 135,
"end_token_idx": 138,
"identifier": "/wiki/Al_Jolson",
"tokens": [
"al",
"jo",
"##lson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 161,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/Benny_Goodman",
"tokens": [
"benny",
"goodman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 194,
"end_token_idx": 196,
"identifier": "/wiki/Carnegie_Hall",
"tokens": [
"carnegie",
"hall"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 230,
"end_token_idx": 233,
"identifier": "/wiki/Shep_Fields",
"tokens": [
"she",
"##p",
"fields"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 247,
"end_token_idx": 250,
"identifier": "/wiki/Big_band_remote",
"tokens": [
"big",
"band",
"remote"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 261,
"identifier": "/wiki/Palmer_House_Hilton",
"tokens": [
"palmer",
"house"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 265,
"end_token_idx": 267,
"identifier": "/wiki/Paramount_Theater_(New_York_City)",
"tokens": [
"paramount",
"theater"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 275,
"end_token_idx": 280,
"identifier": "/wiki/Waldorf-Astoria_Hotel",
"tokens": [
"waldo",
"##rf",
"-",
"astoria",
"hotel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 330,
"end_token_idx": 331,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blues",
"tokens": [
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 332,
"end_token_idx": 334,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spirituals",
"tokens": [
"spiritual",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 335,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hymns",
"tokens": [
"hymns"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 337,
"end_token_idx": 338,
"identifier": "/wiki/March_(music)",
"tokens": [
"marches"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 339,
"end_token_idx": 340,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vaudeville",
"tokens": [
"vaudeville"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 342,
"end_token_idx": 344,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ragtime",
"tokens": [
"rag",
"##time"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 346,
"end_token_idx": 348,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dance_music",
"tokens": [
"dance",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 448,
"end_token_idx": 451,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade",
"tokens": [
"atlantic",
"slave",
"trade"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 467,
"end_token_idx": 469,
"identifier": "/wiki/West_Africa",
"tokens": [
"west",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 472,
"end_token_idx": 474,
"identifier": "/wiki/Congo_River",
"tokens": [
"congo",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 494,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/Call_and_response_(music)",
"tokens": [
"call",
"-",
"and",
"-",
"response"
]
}
] | [
101,
2004,
1037,
9768,
4543,
1998,
13981,
1010,
3391,
2083,
2014,
17437,
2007,
9744,
12755,
2013,
1996,
2397,
4856,
2046,
1996,
4134,
1012,
3644,
4841,
2209,
1037,
3278,
2535,
1999,
4166,
1012,
2004,
4166,
3659,
1010,
2009,
2764,
2000,
25281,
2116,
2367,
8578,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2147,
1997,
3644,
9929,
1999,
9543,
6090,
8975,
3271,
4338,
1996,
2116,
2367,
4165,
2008,
4166,
2234,
2000,
13265,
1012,
3644,
4841,
2020,
2583,
2000,
25220,
1999,
4166,
2138,
1997,
1996,
19703,
5649,
2317,
2791,
2008,
2027,
2020,
23932,
2012,
1996,
2051,
1012,
2577,
2141,
8602,
2626,
2008,
3060,
4841,
2020,
13026,
2000,
1996,
24525,
1997,
1996,
3644,
2137,
1998,
3580,
18601,
1012,
2004,
4487,
5054,
27843,
12680,
5084,
14302,
3209,
1010,
3644,
9929,
1997,
2759,
2189,
2387,
3209,
2004,
3019,
6956,
2007,
3060,
4841,
1012,
1996,
4166,
3220,
2007,
2632,
8183,
14881,
2003,
2028,
2742,
1997,
2129,
3644,
4841,
2020,
2583,
2000,
3288,
4166,
1010,
2189,
2008,
3060,
4841,
2764,
1010,
2046,
2759,
3226,
1012,
11945,
14514,
2001,
1037,
8995,
3644,
2137,
2000,
1996,
14967,
1997,
4166,
1012,
14514,
2001,
1996,
3003,
1997,
1037,
5762,
2135,
6377,
2316,
2315,
2332,
1997,
7370,
1012,
2010,
4166,
4164,
1999,
1996,
11298,
2534,
1999,
4260,
2001,
1996,
2034,
2412,
2000,
2022,
2209,
2045,
1012,
1996,
4164,
2001,
2649,
2011,
5503,
3968,
2121,
2004,
1000,
1996,
2309,
2087,
2590,
4166,
2030,
2759,
2189,
4164,
1999,
2381,
1000,
1012,
2016,
2361,
4249,
2036,
3271,
2000,
2759,
4697,
1000,
4086,
1000,
4166,
2189,
2083,
2010,
3922,
1998,
2502,
2316,
6556,
8960,
2013,
2107,
8637,
9356,
2004,
3190,
1005,
1055,
8809,
2160,
1010,
5934,
1005,
1055,
11734,
4258,
1998,
1996,
2732,
7138,
4412,
2012,
1996,
15607,
28806,
12881,
1011,
29285,
3309,
1012,
2002,
21474,
9501,
2007,
1037,
2422,
11552,
3315,
2806,
2029,
2815,
2759,
2007,
9501,
2005,
3053,
2093,
5109,
2013,
1996,
5687,
2127,
1996,
2397,
4856,
1012,
4166,
7940,
1999,
1996,
2397,
1011,
3708,
2000,
2220,
1011,
3983,
2301,
1012,
2009,
2764,
2041,
1997,
2116,
3596,
1997,
2189,
1010,
2164,
5132,
1010,
6259,
2015,
1010,
17777,
1010,
20691,
1010,
19698,
2299,
1010,
17768,
7292,
1010,
1998,
3153,
2189,
1012,
2009,
2036,
5100,
15931,
1997,
2137,
1998,
2647,
4556,
2189,
1010,
4372,
21077,
2007,
3060,
1998,
6658,
5154,
2774,
1998,
1996,
8092,
1997,
2225,
3060,
3226,
1012,
2049,
5512,
1998,
2806,
2031,
2904,
2116,
2335,
2802,
1996,
2086,
2007,
2169,
9256,
1005,
1055,
3167,
7613,
1998,
24584,
1010,
2029,
2003,
2036,
2028,
1997,
1996,
4602,
9023,
1997,
1996,
6907,
1012,
2011,
1996,
4985,
2301,
1010,
7179,
1999,
1996,
2047,
5979,
2181,
5935,
14286,
2012,
1037,
2569,
3006,
1010,
1999,
2019,
2181,
2029,
2101,
2150,
2124,
2004,
9030,
2675,
1010,
3297,
2005,
2049,
3060,
11278,
1012,
2011,
7647,
1010,
1996,
4448,
6658,
3119,
2018,
2716,
3053,
4278,
1010,
2199,
18076,
2000,
2167,
2637,
1012,
1996,
7179,
2234,
4321,
2013,
2225,
3088,
1998,
1996,
3618,
9030,
2314,
6403,
1998,
2716,
2844,
3315,
7443,
2007,
2068,
1012,
1996,
3060,
7443,
3952,
2224,
1037,
2309,
1011,
2240,
8531,
1998,
2655,
1011,
1998,
1011,
3433,
5418,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
",",
"and",
"the",
"rhythms",
"have",
"a",
"counter",
"-",
"metric",
"structure",
"and",
"reflect",
"african",
"speech",
"patterns",
".",
"an",
"1885",
"account",
"says",
"that",
"they",
"were",
"making",
"strange",
"music",
"(",
"creole",
")",
"on",
"an",
"equally",
"strange",
"variety",
"of",
"'",
"instruments",
"'",
"—",
"wash",
"##boards",
",",
"wash",
"##tub",
"##s",
",",
"jug",
"##s",
",",
"boxes",
"beaten",
"with",
"sticks",
"or",
"bones",
"and",
"a",
"drum",
"made",
"by",
"stretching",
"skin",
"over",
"a",
"flour",
"-",
"barrel",
".",
"lavish",
"festivals",
"with",
"african",
"-",
"based",
"dances",
"to",
"drums",
"were",
"organized",
"on",
"sundays",
"at",
"place",
"congo",
",",
"or",
"congo",
"square",
",",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
"until",
"1843",
".",
"there",
"are",
"historical",
"accounts",
"of",
"other",
"music",
"and",
"dance",
"gatherings",
"elsewhere",
"in",
"the",
"southern",
"united",
"states",
".",
"robert",
"palmer",
"said",
"of",
"per",
"##cus",
"##sive",
"slave",
"music",
":",
"usually",
"such",
"music",
"was",
"associated",
"with",
"annual",
"festivals",
",",
"when",
"the",
"year",
"'",
"s",
"crop",
"was",
"harvested",
"and",
"several",
"days",
"were",
"set",
"aside",
"for",
"celebration",
".",
"as",
"late",
"as",
"1861",
",",
"a",
"traveler",
"in",
"north",
"carolina",
"saw",
"dancers",
"dressed",
"in",
"costumes",
"that",
"included",
"horned",
"head",
"##dre",
"##sse",
"##s",
"and",
"cow",
"tails",
"and",
"heard",
"music",
"provided",
"by",
"a",
"sheep",
"##skin",
"-",
"covered",
"\"",
"gum",
"##bo",
"box",
"\"",
",",
"apparently",
"a",
"frame",
"drum",
";",
"triangles",
"and",
"jaw",
"##bone",
"##s",
"furnished",
"the",
"auxiliary",
"percussion",
".",
"there",
"are",
"quite",
"a",
"few",
"[",
"accounts",
"]",
"from",
"the",
"southeastern",
"states",
"and",
"louisiana",
"dating",
"from",
"the",
"period",
"1820",
"–",
"1850",
".",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"earliest",
"[",
"mississippi",
"]",
"delta",
"settlers",
"came",
"from",
"the",
"vicinity",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
",",
"where",
"drumming",
"was",
"never",
"actively",
"discouraged",
"for",
"very",
"long",
"and",
"homemade",
"drums",
"were",
"used",
"to",
"accompany",
"public",
"dancing",
"until",
"the",
"outbreak",
"of",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
".",
"another",
"influence",
"came",
"from",
"the",
"harmonic",
"style",
"of",
"hymns",
"of",
"the",
"church",
",",
"which",
"black",
"slaves",
"had",
"learned",
"and",
"incorporated",
"into",
"their",
"own",
"music",
"as",
"spiritual",
"##s",
".",
"the",
"origins",
"of",
"the",
"blues",
"are",
"undo",
"##cum",
"##ented",
",",
"though",
"they",
"can",
"be",
"seen",
"as",
"the",
"secular",
"counterpart",
"of",
"the",
"spiritual",
"##s",
".",
"however",
",",
"as",
"gerhard",
"ku",
"##bi",
"##k",
"points",
"out",
",",
"whereas",
"the",
"spiritual",
"##s",
"are",
"homo",
"##phonic",
",",
"rural",
"blues",
"and",
"early",
"jazz",
"\"",
"was",
"largely",
"based",
"on",
"concepts",
"of",
"het",
"##ero",
"##phon",
"##y",
"\"",
".",
"during",
"the",
"early",
"19th",
"century",
"an",
"increasing",
"number",
"of",
"black",
"musicians",
"learned",
"to",
"play",
"european",
"instruments",
",",
"particularly",
"the",
"violin",
",",
"which",
"they",
"used",
"to",
"parody",
"european",
"dance",
"music",
"in",
"their",
"own",
"cake",
"##walk",
"dances",
".",
"in",
"turn",
",",
"european",
"american",
"min",
"##strel",
"show",
"performers",
"in",
"black",
"##face",
"popularized",
"the",
"music",
"internationally",
",",
"combining",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##tion",
"with",
"european",
"harmonic",
"accompaniment",
".",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1800s",
"the",
"white",
"new",
"orleans",
"composer",
"louis",
"more",
"##au",
"got",
"##ts",
"##chal",
"##k",
"adapted",
"slave",
"rhythms",
"and",
"melodies",
"from",
"cuba",
"and",
"other",
"caribbean",
"islands",
"into",
"piano",
"salon",
"music",
".",
"new",
"orleans",
"was",
"the",
"main",
"nexus",
"between",
"the",
"afro",
"-",
"caribbean",
"and",
"african",
"american",
"cultures",
".",
"the",
"black",
"codes",
"outlawed",
"drumming",
"by",
"slaves",
",",
"which",
"meant",
"that",
"african",
"drumming",
"traditions",
"were",
"not",
"preserved",
"in",
"north",
"america",
",",
"unlike",
"in",
"cuba",
",",
"haiti",
",",
"and",
"elsewhere",
"in",
"the",
"caribbean"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 6,
"end_token_idx": 9,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cross-beat",
"tokens": [
"counter",
"-",
"metric"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 86,
"end_token_idx": 88,
"identifier": "/wiki/Congo_Square",
"tokens": [
"congo",
"square"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 112,
"end_token_idx": 114,
"identifier": "/wiki/Robert_Palmer_(American_writer)",
"tokens": [
"robert",
"palmer"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 277,
"end_token_idx": 278,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hymn",
"tokens": [
"hymns"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 294,
"end_token_idx": 296,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spirituals",
"tokens": [
"spiritual",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 298,
"end_token_idx": 302,
"identifier": "/wiki/Origins_of_the_blues",
"tokens": [
"origins",
"of",
"the",
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 324,
"end_token_idx": 328,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gerhard_Kubik",
"tokens": [
"gerhard",
"ku",
"##bi",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 336,
"end_token_idx": 338,
"identifier": "/wiki/Homophony",
"tokens": [
"homo",
"##phonic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 351,
"end_token_idx": 355,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heterophony",
"tokens": [
"het",
"##ero",
"##phon",
"##y"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 389,
"end_token_idx": 391,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cakewalk",
"tokens": [
"cake",
"##walk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 398,
"end_token_idx": 401,
"identifier": "/wiki/Minstrel_show",
"tokens": [
"min",
"##strel",
"show"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 403,
"end_token_idx": 405,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blackface",
"tokens": [
"black",
"##face"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 414,
"identifier": "/wiki/Syncopation",
"tokens": [
"sync",
"##opa",
"##tion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 429,
"end_token_idx": 436,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louis_Moreau_Gottschalk",
"tokens": [
"louis",
"more",
"##au",
"got",
"##ts",
"##chal",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 469,
"end_token_idx": 471,
"identifier": "/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)",
"tokens": [
"black",
"codes"
]
}
] | [
101,
1010,
1998,
1996,
17900,
2031,
1037,
4675,
1011,
12046,
3252,
1998,
8339,
3060,
4613,
7060,
1012,
2019,
6571,
4070,
2758,
2008,
2027,
2020,
2437,
4326,
2189,
1006,
21414,
1007,
2006,
2019,
8053,
4326,
3528,
1997,
1005,
5693,
1005,
1517,
9378,
15271,
1010,
9378,
28251,
2015,
1010,
26536,
2015,
1010,
8378,
7854,
2007,
12668,
2030,
5944,
1998,
1037,
6943,
2081,
2011,
10917,
3096,
2058,
1037,
13724,
1011,
8460,
1012,
22689,
7519,
2007,
3060,
1011,
2241,
11278,
2000,
3846,
2020,
4114,
2006,
14803,
2012,
2173,
9030,
1010,
2030,
9030,
2675,
1010,
1999,
2047,
5979,
2127,
10075,
1012,
2045,
2024,
3439,
6115,
1997,
2060,
2189,
1998,
3153,
21403,
6974,
1999,
1996,
2670,
2142,
2163,
1012,
2728,
8809,
2056,
1997,
2566,
7874,
12742,
6658,
2189,
1024,
2788,
2107,
2189,
2001,
3378,
2007,
3296,
7519,
1010,
2043,
1996,
2095,
1005,
1055,
10416,
2001,
22629,
1998,
2195,
2420,
2020,
2275,
4998,
2005,
7401,
1012,
2004,
2397,
2004,
6863,
1010,
1037,
20174,
1999,
2167,
3792,
2387,
10487,
5102,
1999,
12703,
2008,
2443,
26808,
2132,
16200,
11393,
2015,
1998,
11190,
17448,
1998,
2657,
2189,
3024,
2011,
1037,
8351,
29334,
1011,
3139,
1000,
16031,
5092,
3482,
1000,
1010,
4593,
1037,
4853,
6943,
1025,
27189,
1998,
5730,
14417,
2015,
19851,
1996,
9830,
6333,
1012,
2045,
2024,
3243,
1037,
2261,
1031,
6115,
1033,
2013,
1996,
8252,
2163,
1998,
5773,
5306,
2013,
1996,
2558,
11102,
1516,
7973,
1012,
2070,
1997,
1996,
5700,
1031,
5900,
1033,
7160,
7322,
2234,
2013,
1996,
9884,
1997,
2047,
5979,
1010,
2073,
22980,
2001,
2196,
8851,
22585,
2005,
2200,
2146,
1998,
25628,
3846,
2020,
2109,
2000,
12673,
2270,
5613,
2127,
1996,
8293,
1997,
1996,
2942,
2162,
1012,
2178,
3747,
2234,
2013,
1996,
19452,
2806,
1997,
17777,
1997,
1996,
2277,
1010,
2029,
2304,
7179,
2018,
4342,
1998,
5100,
2046,
2037,
2219,
2189,
2004,
6259,
2015,
1012,
1996,
7321,
1997,
1996,
5132,
2024,
25672,
24894,
14088,
1010,
2295,
2027,
2064,
2022,
2464,
2004,
1996,
10644,
13637,
1997,
1996,
6259,
2015,
1012,
2174,
1010,
2004,
21037,
13970,
5638,
2243,
2685,
2041,
1010,
6168,
1996,
6259,
2015,
2024,
24004,
27385,
1010,
3541,
5132,
1998,
2220,
4166,
1000,
2001,
4321,
2241,
2006,
8474,
1997,
21770,
10624,
20846,
2100,
1000,
1012,
2076,
1996,
2220,
3708,
2301,
2019,
4852,
2193,
1997,
2304,
5389,
4342,
2000,
2377,
2647,
5693,
1010,
3391,
1996,
6710,
1010,
2029,
2027,
2109,
2000,
12354,
2647,
3153,
2189,
1999,
2037,
2219,
9850,
17122,
11278,
1012,
1999,
2735,
1010,
2647,
2137,
8117,
26877,
2265,
9567,
1999,
2304,
12172,
20339,
1996,
2189,
7587,
1010,
11566,
26351,
29477,
3508,
2007,
2647,
19452,
22205,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
19878,
1996,
2317,
2047,
5979,
4543,
3434,
2062,
4887,
2288,
3215,
18598,
2243,
5967,
6658,
17900,
1998,
16106,
2013,
7394,
1998,
2060,
7139,
3470,
2046,
3682,
11090,
2189,
1012,
2047,
5979,
2001,
1996,
2364,
26041,
2090,
1996,
17694,
1011,
7139,
1998,
3060,
2137,
8578,
1012,
1996,
2304,
9537,
29131,
22980,
2011,
7179,
1010,
2029,
3214,
2008,
3060,
22980,
7443,
2020,
2025,
6560,
1999,
2167,
2637,
1010,
4406,
1999,
7394,
1010,
12867,
1010,
1998,
6974,
1999,
1996,
7139,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
".",
"african",
"-",
"based",
"rhythmic",
"patterns",
"were",
"retained",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"in",
"large",
"part",
"through",
"\"",
"body",
"rhythms",
"\"",
"such",
"as",
"st",
"##omp",
"##ing",
",",
"clapping",
",",
"and",
"patting",
"ju",
"##ba",
"dancing",
".",
"in",
"the",
"opinion",
"of",
"jazz",
"historian",
"ernest",
"borne",
"##man",
",",
"what",
"preceded",
"new",
"orleans",
"jazz",
"before",
"1890",
"was",
"\"",
"afro",
"-",
"latin",
"music",
"\"",
",",
"similar",
"to",
"what",
"was",
"played",
"in",
"the",
"caribbean",
"at",
"the",
"time",
".",
"a",
"three",
"-",
"stroke",
"pattern",
"known",
"in",
"cuban",
"music",
"as",
"<",
"i",
">",
"tres",
"##illo",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
"is",
"a",
"fundamental",
"rhythmic",
"figure",
"heard",
"in",
"many",
"different",
"slave",
"music",
"##s",
"of",
"the",
"caribbean",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"afro",
"-",
"caribbean",
"folk",
"dances",
"performed",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
"congo",
"square",
"and",
"got",
"##ts",
"##chal",
"##k",
"'",
"s",
"compositions",
"(",
"for",
"example",
"\"",
"so",
"##uven",
"##irs",
"from",
"havana",
"\"",
"(",
"1859",
")",
")",
".",
"tres",
"##illo",
"(",
"shown",
"below",
")",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"basic",
"and",
"most",
"prevalent",
"du",
"##ple",
"-",
"pulse",
"rhythmic",
"cell",
"in",
"sub",
"-",
"saharan",
"african",
"music",
"traditions",
"and",
"the",
"music",
"of",
"the",
"african",
"diaspora",
".",
"tres",
"##illo",
"is",
"heard",
"prominently",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
"second",
"line",
"music",
"and",
"in",
"other",
"forms",
"of",
"popular",
"music",
"from",
"that",
"city",
"from",
"the",
"turn",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
"to",
"present",
".",
"\"",
"by",
"and",
"large",
"the",
"simpler",
"african",
"rhythmic",
"patterns",
"survived",
"in",
"jazz",
".",
".",
".",
"because",
"they",
"could",
"be",
"adapted",
"more",
"readily",
"to",
"european",
"rhythmic",
"conception",
"##s",
",",
"\"",
"jazz",
"historian",
"gunther",
"sc",
"##hul",
"##ler",
"observed",
".",
"\"",
"some",
"survived",
",",
"others",
"were",
"discarded",
"as",
"the",
"european",
"##ization",
"progressed",
".",
"\"",
"in",
"the",
"post",
"-",
"civil",
"war",
"period",
"(",
"after",
"1865",
")",
",",
"african",
"americans",
"were",
"able",
"to",
"obtain",
"surplus",
"military",
"bass",
"drums",
",",
"s",
"##nare",
"drums",
"and",
"fife",
"##s",
",",
"and",
"an",
"original",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"drum",
"and",
"fife",
"music",
"emerged",
",",
"featuring",
"tres",
"##illo",
"and",
"related",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##ted",
"rhythmic",
"figures",
".",
"this",
"was",
"a",
"drumming",
"tradition",
"that",
"was",
"distinct",
"from",
"its",
"caribbean",
"counterparts",
",",
"expressing",
"a",
"uniquely",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"sen",
"##sibility",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"s",
"##nare",
"and",
"bass",
"drummer",
"##s",
"played",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##ted",
"cross",
"-",
"rhythms",
",",
"\"",
"observed",
"the",
"writer",
"robert",
"palmer",
",",
"spec",
"##ulating",
"that",
"\"",
"this",
"tradition",
"must",
"have",
"dated",
"back",
"to",
"the",
"latter",
"half",
"of",
"the",
"nineteenth",
"century",
",",
"and",
"it",
"could",
"have",
"not",
"have",
"developed",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"place",
"if",
"there",
"hadn",
"'",
"t",
"been",
"a",
"reservoir",
"of",
"poly",
"##rh",
"##yt",
"##hmi",
"##c",
"so",
"##phi",
"##stic",
"##ation",
"in",
"the",
"culture",
"it",
"nur",
"##ture",
"##d",
".",
"\"",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"music",
"began",
"incorporating",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"rhythmic",
"motifs",
"in",
"the",
"19th",
"century",
"when",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"(",
"cuban",
"contra",
"##dan",
"##za",
")",
"gained",
"international",
"popularity",
".",
"musicians",
"from",
"havana",
"and",
"new",
"orleans",
"would",
"take",
"the",
"twice",
"-",
"daily",
"ferry",
"between",
"both",
"cities",
"to",
"perform",
",",
"and",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"quickly",
"took",
"root",
"in",
"the",
"musically",
"fertile",
"crescent",
"city",
".",
"john",
"storm",
"roberts",
"states",
"that",
"the",
"musical",
"genre",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"\"",
"reached",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"twenty",
"years",
"before"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 29,
"end_token_idx": 33,
"identifier": "/wiki/Juba_dance",
"tokens": [
"patting",
"ju",
"##ba",
"dancing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 40,
"end_token_idx": 43,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ernest_Borneman",
"tokens": [
"ernest",
"borne",
"##man"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 81,
"end_token_idx": 90,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)",
"tokens": [
"<",
"i",
">",
"tres",
"##illo",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 110,
"end_token_idx": 113,
"identifier": "/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_music",
"tokens": [
"afro",
"-",
"caribbean"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 119,
"end_token_idx": 121,
"identifier": "/wiki/Congo_Square",
"tokens": [
"congo",
"square"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 162,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cell_(music)",
"tokens": [
"cell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 164,
"end_token_idx": 170,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sub-Saharan_African_music_traditions",
"tokens": [
"sub",
"-",
"saharan",
"african",
"music",
"traditions"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 175,
"end_token_idx": 177,
"identifier": "/wiki/African_Diaspora",
"tokens": [
"african",
"diaspora"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 178,
"end_token_idx": 180,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)",
"tokens": [
"tres",
"##illo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 186,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_line_(parades)",
"tokens": [
"second",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 240,
"end_token_idx": 244,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gunther_Schuller",
"tokens": [
"gunther",
"sc",
"##hul",
"##ler"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 347,
"end_token_idx": 350,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cross_beat",
"tokens": [
"cross",
"-",
"rhythms"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 415,
"end_token_idx": 419,
"identifier": "/wiki/African-American_music",
"tokens": [
"african",
"-",
"american",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 421,
"end_token_idx": 424,
"identifier": "/wiki/Afro-Cuban",
"tokens": [
"afro",
"-",
"cuban"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 432,
"end_token_idx": 435,
"identifier": "/wiki/Habanera_(music)",
"tokens": [
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 437,
"end_token_idx": 440,
"identifier": "/wiki/Contradanza",
"tokens": [
"contra",
"##dan",
"##za"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 447,
"end_token_idx": 448,
"identifier": "/wiki/Havana",
"tokens": [
"havana"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 479,
"end_token_idx": 482,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Storm_Roberts",
"tokens": [
"john",
"storm",
"roberts"
]
}
] | [
101,
1012,
3060,
1011,
2241,
14797,
7060,
2020,
6025,
1999,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1999,
2312,
2112,
2083,
1000,
2303,
17900,
1000,
2107,
2004,
2358,
25377,
2075,
1010,
27104,
1010,
1998,
26085,
18414,
3676,
5613,
1012,
1999,
1996,
5448,
1997,
4166,
5272,
8471,
15356,
2386,
1010,
2054,
11677,
2047,
5979,
4166,
2077,
6193,
2001,
1000,
17694,
1011,
3763,
2189,
1000,
1010,
2714,
2000,
2054,
2001,
2209,
1999,
1996,
7139,
2012,
1996,
2051,
1012,
1037,
2093,
1011,
6909,
5418,
2124,
1999,
9642,
2189,
2004,
1026,
1045,
1028,
24403,
10486,
1026,
1013,
1045,
1028,
2003,
1037,
8050,
14797,
3275,
2657,
1999,
2116,
2367,
6658,
2189,
2015,
1997,
1996,
7139,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
1996,
17694,
1011,
7139,
5154,
11278,
2864,
1999,
2047,
5979,
9030,
2675,
1998,
2288,
3215,
18598,
2243,
1005,
1055,
9265,
1006,
2005,
2742,
1000,
2061,
27346,
18894,
2013,
15278,
1000,
1006,
8165,
1007,
1007,
1012,
24403,
10486,
1006,
3491,
2917,
1007,
2003,
1996,
2087,
3937,
1998,
2087,
15157,
4241,
10814,
1011,
8187,
14797,
3526,
1999,
4942,
1011,
24505,
3060,
2189,
7443,
1998,
1996,
2189,
1997,
1996,
3060,
18239,
1012,
24403,
10486,
2003,
2657,
14500,
1999,
2047,
5979,
2117,
2240,
2189,
1998,
1999,
2060,
3596,
1997,
2759,
2189,
2013,
2008,
2103,
2013,
1996,
2735,
1997,
1996,
3983,
2301,
2000,
2556,
1012,
1000,
2011,
1998,
2312,
1996,
16325,
3060,
14797,
7060,
5175,
1999,
4166,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2138,
2027,
2071,
2022,
5967,
2062,
12192,
2000,
2647,
14797,
13120,
2015,
1010,
1000,
4166,
5272,
19384,
8040,
21886,
3917,
5159,
1012,
1000,
2070,
5175,
1010,
2500,
2020,
15105,
2004,
1996,
2647,
3989,
12506,
1012,
1000,
1999,
1996,
2695,
1011,
2942,
2162,
2558,
1006,
2044,
6725,
1007,
1010,
3060,
4841,
2020,
2583,
2000,
6855,
15726,
2510,
3321,
3846,
1010,
1055,
26148,
3846,
1998,
20537,
2015,
1010,
1998,
2019,
2434,
3060,
1011,
2137,
6943,
1998,
20537,
2189,
6003,
1010,
3794,
24403,
10486,
1998,
3141,
26351,
29477,
3064,
14797,
4481,
1012,
2023,
2001,
1037,
22980,
4535,
2008,
2001,
5664,
2013,
2049,
7139,
14562,
1010,
14026,
1037,
20640,
3060,
1011,
2137,
12411,
28255,
1012,
1000,
1996,
1055,
26148,
1998,
3321,
7101,
2015,
2209,
26351,
29477,
3064,
2892,
1011,
17900,
1010,
1000,
5159,
1996,
3213,
2728,
8809,
1010,
28699,
10924,
2008,
1000,
2023,
4535,
2442,
2031,
6052,
2067,
2000,
1996,
3732,
2431,
1997,
1996,
9137,
2301,
1010,
1998,
2009,
2071,
2031,
2025,
2031,
2764,
1999,
1996,
2034,
2173,
2065,
2045,
2910,
1005,
1056,
2042,
1037,
8071,
1997,
26572,
25032,
22123,
26837,
2278,
2061,
21850,
10074,
3370,
1999,
1996,
3226,
2009,
27617,
11244,
2094,
1012,
1000,
3060,
1011,
2137,
2189,
2211,
13543,
17694,
1011,
9642,
14797,
17366,
1999,
1996,
3708,
2301,
2043,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
1006,
9642,
24528,
7847,
4143,
1007,
4227,
2248,
6217,
1012,
5389,
2013,
15278,
1998,
2047,
5979,
2052,
2202,
1996,
3807,
1011,
3679,
7115,
2090,
2119,
3655,
2000,
4685,
1010,
1998,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
2855,
2165,
7117,
1999,
1996,
21385,
14946,
13152,
2103,
1012,
2198,
4040,
7031,
2163,
2008,
1996,
3315,
6907,
5292,
27543,
2527,
1000,
2584,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
3174,
2086,
2077,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"first",
"rag",
"was",
"published",
".",
"\"",
"for",
"the",
"more",
"than",
"quarter",
"-",
"century",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"cake",
"##walk",
",",
"rag",
"##time",
",",
"and",
"proto",
"-",
"jazz",
"were",
"forming",
"and",
"developing",
",",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"was",
"a",
"consistent",
"part",
"of",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"popular",
"music",
".",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ras",
"were",
"widely",
"available",
"as",
"sheet",
"music",
"and",
"were",
"the",
"first",
"written",
"music",
"which",
"was",
"rhythmic",
"##ally",
"based",
"on",
"an",
"african",
"motif",
"(",
"1803",
")",
".",
"from",
"the",
"perspective",
"of",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"music",
",",
"the",
"\"",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"rhythm",
"\"",
"(",
"also",
"known",
"as",
"\"",
"congo",
"\"",
")",
",",
"\"",
"tango",
"-",
"congo",
"\"",
",",
"or",
"tango",
".",
"can",
"be",
"thought",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"combination",
"of",
"tres",
"##illo",
"and",
"the",
"back",
"##beat",
".",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"was",
"the",
"first",
"of",
"many",
"cuban",
"music",
"genres",
"which",
"enjoyed",
"periods",
"of",
"popularity",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"and",
"reinforced",
"and",
"inspired",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"tres",
"##illo",
"-",
"based",
"rhythms",
"in",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"music",
".",
"new",
"orleans",
"native",
"louis",
"more",
"##au",
"got",
"##ts",
"##chal",
"##k",
"'",
"s",
"piano",
"piece",
"\"",
"o",
"##jos",
"cr",
"##iol",
"##los",
"(",
"dans",
"##e",
"cuba",
"##ine",
")",
"\"",
"(",
"1860",
")",
"was",
"influenced",
"by",
"the",
"composer",
"'",
"s",
"studies",
"in",
"cuba",
":",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"rhythm",
"is",
"clearly",
"heard",
"in",
"the",
"left",
"hand",
".",
":",
"125",
"in",
"got",
"##ts",
"##chal",
"##k",
"'",
"s",
"symphonic",
"work",
"\"",
"a",
"night",
"in",
"the",
"tr",
"##op",
"##ics",
"\"",
"(",
"1859",
")",
",",
"the",
"tres",
"##illo",
"variant",
"ci",
"##n",
"##quil",
"##lo",
"appears",
"extensively",
".",
"the",
"figure",
"was",
"later",
"used",
"by",
"scott",
"jo",
"##plin",
"and",
"other",
"rag",
"##time",
"composers",
".",
"comparing",
"the",
"music",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
"with",
"the",
"music",
"of",
"cuba",
",",
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"mars",
"##alis",
"observes",
"that",
"tres",
"##illo",
"is",
"the",
"new",
"orleans",
"\"",
"cl",
"##ave",
"\"",
",",
"a",
"spanish",
"word",
"meaning",
"\"",
"code",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"key",
"\"",
",",
"as",
"in",
"the",
"key",
"to",
"a",
"puzzle",
",",
"or",
"mystery",
".",
"although",
"the",
"pattern",
"is",
"only",
"half",
"a",
"cl",
"##ave",
",",
"mars",
"##alis",
"makes",
"the",
"point",
"that",
"the",
"single",
"-",
"cell",
"##ed",
"figure",
"is",
"the",
"guide",
"-",
"pattern",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
"music",
".",
"jelly",
"roll",
"morton",
"called",
"the",
"rhythmic",
"figure",
"the",
"spanish",
"ting",
"##e",
"and",
"considered",
"it",
"an",
"essential",
"ingredient",
"of",
"jazz",
".",
"the",
"abolition",
"of",
"slavery",
"in",
"1865",
"led",
"to",
"new",
"opportunities",
"for",
"the",
"education",
"of",
"freed",
"african",
"americans",
".",
"although",
"strict",
"segregation",
"limited",
"employment",
"opportunities",
"for",
"most",
"blacks",
",",
"many",
"were",
"able",
"to",
"find",
"work",
"in",
"entertainment",
".",
"black",
"musicians",
"were",
"able",
"to",
"provide",
"entertainment",
"in",
"dances",
",",
"min",
"##strel",
"shows",
",",
"and",
"in",
"vaudeville",
",",
"during",
"which",
"time",
"many",
"marching",
"bands",
"were",
"formed",
".",
"black",
"pianist",
"##s",
"played",
"in",
"bars",
",",
"clubs",
",",
"and",
"brothel",
"##s",
",",
"as",
"rag",
"##time",
"developed",
".",
"rag",
"##time",
"appeared",
"as",
"sheet",
"music",
",",
"popularized",
"by",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"entertainer",
"ernest",
"hogan",
",",
"whose",
"hit",
"songs",
"appeared",
"in",
"1895",
".",
"two",
"years",
"later",
",",
"ve",
"##ss",
"os",
"##sman",
"recorded",
"a",
"medley",
"of",
"these",
"songs",
"as",
"a",
"banjo",
"solo",
"known"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 17,
"end_token_idx": 19,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cakewalk",
"tokens": [
"cake",
"##walk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 20,
"end_token_idx": 22,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ragtime",
"tokens": [
"rag",
"##time"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 107,
"end_token_idx": 108,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tango_(music)",
"tokens": [
"tango"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 117,
"end_token_idx": 119,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)",
"tokens": [
"tres",
"##illo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 121,
"end_token_idx": 123,
"identifier": "/wiki/Beat_(music)",
"tokens": [
"back",
"##beat"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 166,
"end_token_idx": 173,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louis_Moreau_Gottschalk",
"tokens": [
"louis",
"more",
"##au",
"got",
"##ts",
"##chal",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 245,
"end_token_idx": 249,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cinquillo",
"tokens": [
"ci",
"##n",
"##quil",
"##lo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 279,
"end_token_idx": 284,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis",
"tokens": [
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"mars",
"##alis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 286,
"end_token_idx": 288,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)",
"tokens": [
"tres",
"##illo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 327,
"end_token_idx": 329,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)",
"tokens": [
"cl",
"##ave"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 344,
"end_token_idx": 347,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bell_pattern",
"tokens": [
"guide",
"-",
"pattern"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 352,
"end_token_idx": 355,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton",
"tokens": [
"jelly",
"roll",
"morton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 360,
"end_token_idx": 363,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spanish_tinge",
"tokens": [
"spanish",
"ting",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 375,
"end_token_idx": 376,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slavery",
"tokens": [
"slavery"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 419,
"end_token_idx": 422,
"identifier": "/wiki/Minstrel_show",
"tokens": [
"min",
"##strel",
"shows"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 425,
"end_token_idx": 426,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vaudeville",
"tokens": [
"vaudeville"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 450,
"end_token_idx": 452,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ragtime",
"tokens": [
"rag",
"##time"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 471,
"end_token_idx": 473,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ernest_Hogan",
"tokens": [
"ernest",
"hogan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 485,
"end_token_idx": 489,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vess_Ossman",
"tokens": [
"ve",
"##ss",
"os",
"##sman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 497,
"end_token_idx": 498,
"identifier": "/wiki/Banjo",
"tokens": [
"banjo"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
2034,
17768,
2001,
2405,
1012,
1000,
2005,
1996,
2062,
2084,
4284,
1011,
2301,
1999,
2029,
1996,
9850,
17122,
1010,
17768,
7292,
1010,
1998,
15053,
1011,
4166,
2020,
5716,
1998,
4975,
1010,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
2001,
1037,
8335,
2112,
1997,
3060,
1011,
2137,
2759,
2189,
1012,
5292,
27543,
8180,
2020,
4235,
2800,
2004,
7123,
2189,
1998,
2020,
1996,
2034,
2517,
2189,
2029,
2001,
14797,
3973,
2241,
2006,
2019,
3060,
16226,
1006,
12651,
1007,
1012,
2013,
1996,
7339,
1997,
3060,
1011,
2137,
2189,
1010,
1996,
1000,
5292,
27543,
2527,
6348,
1000,
1006,
2036,
2124,
2004,
1000,
9030,
1000,
1007,
1010,
1000,
17609,
1011,
9030,
1000,
1010,
2030,
17609,
1012,
2064,
2022,
2245,
1997,
2004,
1037,
5257,
1997,
24403,
10486,
1998,
1996,
2067,
19442,
1012,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
2001,
1996,
2034,
1997,
2116,
9642,
2189,
11541,
2029,
5632,
6993,
1997,
6217,
1999,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1998,
11013,
1998,
4427,
1996,
2224,
1997,
24403,
10486,
1011,
2241,
17900,
1999,
3060,
1011,
2137,
2189,
1012,
2047,
5979,
3128,
3434,
2062,
4887,
2288,
3215,
18598,
2243,
1005,
1055,
3682,
3538,
1000,
1051,
19929,
13675,
20282,
10483,
1006,
18033,
2063,
7394,
3170,
1007,
1000,
1006,
7313,
1007,
2001,
5105,
2011,
1996,
4543,
1005,
1055,
2913,
1999,
7394,
1024,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
6348,
2003,
4415,
2657,
1999,
1996,
2187,
2192,
1012,
1024,
8732,
1999,
2288,
3215,
18598,
2243,
1005,
1055,
18957,
2147,
1000,
1037,
2305,
1999,
1996,
19817,
7361,
6558,
1000,
1006,
8165,
1007,
1010,
1996,
24403,
10486,
8349,
25022,
2078,
26147,
4135,
3544,
8077,
1012,
1996,
3275,
2001,
2101,
2109,
2011,
3660,
8183,
28296,
1998,
2060,
17768,
7292,
9929,
1012,
13599,
1996,
2189,
1997,
2047,
5979,
2007,
1996,
2189,
1997,
7394,
1010,
1059,
6038,
2669,
7733,
13911,
24451,
2008,
24403,
10486,
2003,
1996,
2047,
5979,
1000,
18856,
10696,
1000,
1010,
1037,
3009,
2773,
3574,
1000,
3642,
1000,
2030,
1000,
3145,
1000,
1010,
2004,
1999,
1996,
3145,
2000,
1037,
11989,
1010,
2030,
6547,
1012,
2348,
1996,
5418,
2003,
2069,
2431,
1037,
18856,
10696,
1010,
7733,
13911,
3084,
1996,
2391,
2008,
1996,
2309,
1011,
3526,
2098,
3275,
2003,
1996,
5009,
1011,
5418,
1997,
2047,
5979,
2189,
1012,
20919,
4897,
11164,
2170,
1996,
14797,
3275,
1996,
3009,
28642,
2063,
1998,
2641,
2009,
2019,
6827,
21774,
1997,
4166,
1012,
1996,
15766,
1997,
8864,
1999,
6725,
2419,
2000,
2047,
6695,
2005,
1996,
2495,
1997,
10650,
3060,
4841,
1012,
2348,
9384,
18771,
3132,
6107,
6695,
2005,
2087,
10823,
1010,
2116,
2020,
2583,
2000,
2424,
2147,
1999,
4024,
1012,
2304,
5389,
2020,
2583,
2000,
3073,
4024,
1999,
11278,
1010,
8117,
26877,
3065,
1010,
1998,
1999,
19698,
1010,
2076,
2029,
2051,
2116,
10998,
4996,
2020,
2719,
1012,
2304,
9066,
2015,
2209,
1999,
6963,
1010,
4184,
1010,
1998,
27308,
2015,
1010,
2004,
17768,
7292,
2764,
1012,
17768,
7292,
2596,
2004,
7123,
2189,
1010,
20339,
2011,
3060,
1011,
2137,
5389,
2107,
2004,
1996,
21751,
8471,
14851,
1010,
3005,
2718,
2774,
2596,
1999,
6301,
1012,
2048,
2086,
2101,
1010,
2310,
4757,
9808,
11512,
2680,
1037,
13863,
1997,
2122,
2774,
2004,
1037,
16698,
3948,
2124,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"as",
"\"",
"rag",
"time",
"medley",
"\"",
".",
"also",
"in",
"1897",
",",
"the",
"white",
"composer",
"william",
"k",
"##rell",
"published",
"his",
"\"",
"mississippi",
"rag",
"\"",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"written",
"piano",
"instrumental",
"rag",
"##time",
"piece",
",",
"and",
"tom",
"tu",
"##rp",
"##in",
"published",
"his",
"\"",
"harlem",
"rag",
"\"",
",",
"the",
"first",
"rag",
"published",
"by",
"an",
"african",
"-",
"american",
".",
"classical",
"##ly",
"trained",
"pianist",
"scott",
"jo",
"##plin",
"produced",
"his",
"\"",
"original",
"rags",
"\"",
"in",
"1898",
"and",
",",
"in",
"1899",
",",
"had",
"an",
"international",
"hit",
"with",
"\"",
"maple",
"leaf",
"rag",
"\"",
",",
"a",
"multi",
"-",
"strain",
"rag",
"##time",
"march",
"with",
"four",
"parts",
"that",
"feature",
"recurring",
"themes",
"and",
"a",
"bass",
"line",
"with",
"cop",
"##ious",
"seventh",
"chords",
".",
"its",
"structure",
"was",
"the",
"basis",
"for",
"many",
"other",
"rags",
",",
"and",
"the",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##tions",
"in",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"the",
"transition",
"between",
"the",
"first",
"and",
"second",
"strain",
",",
"were",
"novel",
"at",
"the",
"time",
".",
"the",
"last",
"four",
"measures",
"of",
"scott",
"jo",
"##plin",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"maple",
"leaf",
"rag",
"\"",
"(",
"1899",
")",
"are",
"shown",
"below",
".",
"african",
"-",
"based",
"rhythmic",
"patterns",
"such",
"as",
"tres",
"##illo",
"and",
"its",
"variants",
",",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"rhythm",
"and",
"ci",
"##n",
"##quil",
"##lo",
",",
"are",
"heard",
"in",
"the",
"rag",
"##time",
"compositions",
"of",
"jo",
"##plin",
"and",
"tu",
"##rp",
"##in",
".",
"jo",
"##plin",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"sol",
"##ace",
"\"",
"(",
"1909",
")",
"is",
"generally",
"considered",
"to",
"be",
"in",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"genre",
":",
"both",
"of",
"the",
"pianist",
"'",
"s",
"hands",
"play",
"in",
"a",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##ted",
"fashion",
",",
"completely",
"abandoning",
"any",
"sense",
"of",
"a",
"march",
"rhythm",
".",
"ned",
"sub",
"##lette",
"post",
"##ulates",
"that",
"the",
"tres",
"##illo",
"/",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"rhythm",
"\"",
"found",
"its",
"way",
"into",
"rag",
"##time",
"and",
"the",
"cake",
"##walk",
",",
"\"",
"whilst",
"roberts",
"suggests",
"that",
"\"",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"influence",
"may",
"have",
"been",
"part",
"of",
"what",
"freed",
"black",
"music",
"from",
"rag",
"##time",
"'",
"s",
"european",
"bass",
"\"",
".",
"in",
"the",
"northeastern",
"united",
"states",
",",
"a",
"\"",
"hot",
"\"",
"style",
"of",
"playing",
"rag",
"##time",
"had",
"developed",
",",
"notably",
"james",
"reese",
"europe",
"'",
"s",
"symphonic",
"cl",
"##ef",
"club",
"orchestra",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"city",
",",
"which",
"played",
"a",
"benefit",
"concert",
"at",
"carnegie",
"hall",
"in",
"1912",
".",
"the",
"baltimore",
"rag",
"style",
"of",
"eu",
"##bie",
"blake",
"influenced",
"james",
"p",
".",
"johnson",
"'",
"s",
"development",
"of",
"stride",
"piano",
"playing",
",",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
"plays",
"the",
"melody",
",",
"while",
"the",
"left",
"hand",
"provides",
"the",
"rhythm",
"and",
"bass",
"##line",
".",
"in",
"ohio",
"and",
"elsewhere",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"west",
"the",
"major",
"influence",
"was",
"rag",
"##time",
",",
"until",
"about",
"1919",
".",
"around",
"1912",
",",
"when",
"the",
"four",
"-",
"string",
"banjo",
"and",
"saxophone",
"came",
"in",
",",
"musicians",
"began",
"to",
"imp",
"##rov",
"##ise",
"the",
"melody",
"line",
",",
"but",
"the",
"harmony",
"and",
"rhythm",
"remained",
"unchanged",
".",
"a",
"contemporary",
"account",
"states",
"that",
"blues",
"could",
"only",
"be",
"heard",
"in",
"jazz",
"in",
"the",
"gut",
"-",
"bucket",
"cabaret",
"##s",
",",
"which",
"were",
"generally",
"looked",
"down",
"upon",
"by",
"the",
"black",
"middle",
"-",
"class",
".",
"blues",
"is",
"the",
"name",
"given",
"to",
"both",
"a",
"musical",
"form",
"and",
"a",
"music",
"genre",
",",
"which",
"originated",
"in",
"african"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 17,
"identifier": "/wiki/William_Krell",
"tokens": [
"william",
"k",
"##rell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 20,
"end_token_idx": 22,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mississippi_Rag",
"tokens": [
"mississippi",
"rag"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 34,
"end_token_idx": 38,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tom_Turpin",
"tokens": [
"tom",
"tu",
"##rp",
"##in"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 59,
"end_token_idx": 62,
"identifier": "/wiki/Scott_Joplin",
"tokens": [
"scott",
"jo",
"##plin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 65,
"end_token_idx": 67,
"identifier": "/wiki/Original_Rags",
"tokens": [
"original",
"rags"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 81,
"end_token_idx": 84,
"identifier": "/wiki/Maple_Leaf_Rag",
"tokens": [
"maple",
"leaf",
"rag"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 89,
"end_token_idx": 90,
"identifier": "/wiki/Strain_(music)",
"tokens": [
"strain"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 92,
"end_token_idx": 93,
"identifier": "/wiki/March_(music)",
"tokens": [
"march"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 107,
"end_token_idx": 109,
"identifier": "/wiki/Seventh_chord",
"tokens": [
"seventh",
"chords"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 122,
"end_token_idx": 125,
"identifier": "/wiki/Syncopation",
"tokens": [
"sync",
"##opa",
"##tions"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 176,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)",
"tokens": [
"tres",
"##illo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 188,
"end_token_idx": 192,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cinquillo",
"tokens": [
"ci",
"##n",
"##quil",
"##lo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 213,
"end_token_idx": 215,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solace_(Joplin)",
"tokens": [
"sol",
"##ace"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 252,
"end_token_idx": 253,
"identifier": "/wiki/March_(music)",
"tokens": [
"march"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 255,
"end_token_idx": 258,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ned_Sublette",
"tokens": [
"ned",
"sub",
"##lette"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 329,
"end_token_idx": 332,
"identifier": "/wiki/James_Reese_Europe",
"tokens": [
"james",
"reese",
"europe"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 335,
"end_token_idx": 338,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clef_Club",
"tokens": [
"cl",
"##ef",
"club"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 350,
"end_token_idx": 352,
"identifier": "/wiki/Carnegie_Hall",
"tokens": [
"carnegie",
"hall"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 360,
"end_token_idx": 363,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eubie_Blake",
"tokens": [
"eu",
"##bie",
"blake"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 364,
"end_token_idx": 368,
"identifier": "/wiki/James_P._Johnson",
"tokens": [
"james",
"p",
".",
"johnson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 372,
"end_token_idx": 374,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stride_piano",
"tokens": [
"stride",
"piano"
]
}
] | [
101,
2004,
1000,
17768,
2051,
13863,
1000,
1012,
2036,
1999,
6347,
1010,
1996,
2317,
4543,
2520,
1047,
16230,
2405,
2010,
1000,
5900,
17768,
1000,
2004,
1996,
2034,
2517,
3682,
6150,
17768,
7292,
3538,
1010,
1998,
3419,
10722,
14536,
2378,
2405,
2010,
1000,
14864,
17768,
1000,
1010,
1996,
2034,
17768,
2405,
2011,
2019,
3060,
1011,
2137,
1012,
4556,
2135,
4738,
9066,
3660,
8183,
28296,
2550,
2010,
1000,
2434,
26346,
1000,
1999,
6068,
1998,
1010,
1999,
6166,
1010,
2018,
2019,
2248,
2718,
2007,
1000,
11035,
7053,
17768,
1000,
1010,
1037,
4800,
1011,
10178,
17768,
7292,
2233,
2007,
2176,
3033,
2008,
3444,
10694,
6991,
1998,
1037,
3321,
2240,
2007,
8872,
6313,
5066,
18495,
1012,
2049,
3252,
2001,
1996,
3978,
2005,
2116,
2060,
26346,
1010,
1998,
1996,
26351,
29477,
9285,
1999,
1996,
2157,
2192,
1010,
2926,
1999,
1996,
6653,
2090,
1996,
2034,
1998,
2117,
10178,
1010,
2020,
3117,
2012,
1996,
2051,
1012,
1996,
2197,
2176,
5761,
1997,
3660,
8183,
28296,
1005,
1055,
1000,
11035,
7053,
17768,
1000,
1006,
6166,
1007,
2024,
3491,
2917,
1012,
3060,
1011,
2241,
14797,
7060,
2107,
2004,
24403,
10486,
1998,
2049,
10176,
1010,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
6348,
1998,
25022,
2078,
26147,
4135,
1010,
2024,
2657,
1999,
1996,
17768,
7292,
9265,
1997,
8183,
28296,
1998,
10722,
14536,
2378,
1012,
8183,
28296,
1005,
1055,
1000,
14017,
10732,
1000,
1006,
5556,
1007,
2003,
3227,
2641,
2000,
2022,
1999,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
6907,
1024,
2119,
1997,
1996,
9066,
1005,
1055,
2398,
2377,
1999,
1037,
26351,
29477,
3064,
4827,
1010,
3294,
19816,
2151,
3168,
1997,
1037,
2233,
6348,
1012,
12311,
4942,
27901,
2695,
18969,
2008,
1996,
24403,
10486,
1013,
5292,
27543,
2527,
6348,
1000,
2179,
2049,
2126,
2046,
17768,
7292,
1998,
1996,
9850,
17122,
1010,
1000,
5819,
7031,
6083,
2008,
1000,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
3747,
2089,
2031,
2042,
2112,
1997,
2054,
10650,
2304,
2189,
2013,
17768,
7292,
1005,
1055,
2647,
3321,
1000,
1012,
1999,
1996,
8763,
2142,
2163,
1010,
1037,
1000,
2980,
1000,
2806,
1997,
2652,
17768,
7292,
2018,
2764,
1010,
5546,
2508,
15883,
2885,
1005,
1055,
18957,
18856,
12879,
2252,
4032,
1999,
2047,
2259,
2103,
1010,
2029,
2209,
1037,
5770,
4164,
2012,
11298,
2534,
1999,
4878,
1012,
1996,
6222,
17768,
2806,
1997,
7327,
11283,
6511,
5105,
2508,
1052,
1012,
3779,
1005,
1055,
2458,
1997,
18045,
3682,
2652,
1010,
1999,
2029,
1996,
2157,
2192,
3248,
1996,
8531,
1010,
2096,
1996,
2187,
2192,
3640,
1996,
6348,
1998,
3321,
4179,
1012,
1999,
4058,
1998,
6974,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
2225,
1996,
2350,
3747,
2001,
17768,
7292,
1010,
2127,
2055,
4529,
1012,
2105,
4878,
1010,
2043,
1996,
2176,
1011,
5164,
16698,
1998,
8283,
2234,
1999,
1010,
5389,
2211,
2000,
17727,
12298,
5562,
1996,
8531,
2240,
1010,
2021,
1996,
9396,
1998,
6348,
2815,
15704,
1012,
1037,
3824,
4070,
2163,
2008,
5132,
2071,
2069,
2022,
2657,
1999,
4166,
1999,
1996,
9535,
1011,
13610,
19685,
2015,
1010,
2029,
2020,
3227,
2246,
2091,
2588,
2011,
1996,
2304,
2690,
1011,
2465,
1012,
5132,
2003,
1996,
2171,
2445,
2000,
2119,
1037,
3315,
2433,
1998,
1037,
2189,
6907,
1010,
2029,
7940,
1999,
3060,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"-",
"american",
"communities",
"of",
"primarily",
"the",
"deep",
"south",
"of",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"19th",
"century",
"from",
"their",
"spiritual",
"##s",
",",
"work",
"songs",
",",
"field",
"ho",
"##ller",
"##s",
",",
"shouts",
"and",
"chants",
"and",
"rhyme",
"##d",
"simple",
"narrative",
"ballads",
".",
"the",
"african",
"use",
"of",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scales",
"contributed",
"to",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"blue",
"notes",
"in",
"blues",
"and",
"jazz",
".",
"as",
"ku",
"##bi",
"##k",
"explains",
":",
"many",
"of",
"the",
"rural",
"blues",
"of",
"the",
"deep",
"south",
"are",
"stylistic",
"##ally",
"an",
"extension",
"and",
"merger",
"of",
"basically",
"two",
"broad",
"accompanied",
"song",
"-",
"style",
"traditions",
"in",
"the",
"west",
"central",
"sudan",
"##ic",
"belt",
":",
"w",
".",
"c",
".",
"handy",
"became",
"interested",
"in",
"folk",
"blues",
"of",
"the",
"deep",
"south",
"while",
"traveling",
"through",
"the",
"mississippi",
"delta",
".",
"in",
"this",
"folk",
"blues",
"form",
",",
"the",
"singer",
"would",
"imp",
"##rov",
"##ise",
"freely",
"within",
"a",
"limited",
"melodic",
"range",
",",
"sounding",
"like",
"a",
"field",
"ho",
"##ller",
",",
"and",
"the",
"guitar",
"accompaniment",
"was",
"slapped",
"rather",
"than",
"st",
"##rum",
"##med",
",",
"like",
"a",
"small",
"drum",
"which",
"responded",
"in",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##ted",
"accents",
",",
"functioning",
"as",
"another",
"\"",
"voice",
"\"",
".",
"handy",
"and",
"his",
"band",
"members",
"were",
"formally",
"trained",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"musicians",
"who",
"had",
"not",
"grown",
"up",
"with",
"the",
"blues",
",",
"yet",
"he",
"was",
"able",
"to",
"adapt",
"the",
"blues",
"to",
"a",
"larger",
"band",
"instrument",
"format",
"and",
"arrange",
"them",
"in",
"a",
"popular",
"music",
"form",
".",
"handy",
"wrote",
"about",
"his",
"adopting",
"of",
"the",
"blues",
":",
"the",
"primitive",
"southern",
"negro",
",",
"as",
"he",
"sang",
",",
"was",
"sure",
"to",
"bear",
"down",
"on",
"the",
"third",
"and",
"seventh",
"tone",
"of",
"the",
"scale",
",",
"sl",
"##ur",
"##ring",
"between",
"major",
"and",
"minor",
".",
"whether",
"in",
"the",
"cotton",
"field",
"of",
"the",
"delta",
"or",
"on",
"the",
"lev",
"##ee",
"up",
"st",
".",
"louis",
"way",
",",
"it",
"was",
"always",
"the",
"same",
".",
"till",
"then",
",",
"however",
",",
"i",
"had",
"never",
"heard",
"this",
"sl",
"##ur",
"used",
"by",
"a",
"more",
"sophisticated",
"negro",
",",
"or",
"by",
"any",
"white",
"man",
".",
"i",
"tried",
"to",
"convey",
"this",
"effect",
".",
".",
".",
"by",
"introducing",
"flat",
"thirds",
"and",
"seventh",
"##s",
"(",
"now",
"called",
"blue",
"notes",
")",
"into",
"my",
"song",
",",
"although",
"its",
"prevailing",
"key",
"was",
"major",
".",
".",
".",
",",
"and",
"i",
"carried",
"this",
"device",
"into",
"my",
"melody",
"as",
"well",
".",
"the",
"publication",
"of",
"his",
"\"",
"memphis",
"blues",
"\"",
"sheet",
"music",
"in",
"1912",
"introduced",
"the",
"12",
"-",
"bar",
"blues",
"to",
"the",
"world",
"(",
"although",
"gunther",
"sc",
"##hul",
"##ler",
"argues",
"that",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"really",
"a",
"blues",
",",
"but",
"\"",
"more",
"like",
"a",
"cake",
"##walk",
"\"",
")",
".",
"this",
"composition",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"his",
"later",
"\"",
"st",
".",
"louis",
"blues",
"\"",
"and",
"others",
",",
"included",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"rhythm",
",",
"and",
"would",
"become",
"jazz",
"standards",
".",
"handy",
"'",
"s",
"music",
"career",
"began",
"in",
"the",
"pre",
"-",
"jazz",
"era",
"and",
"contributed",
"to",
"the",
"cod",
"##ification",
"of",
"jazz",
"through",
"the",
"publication",
"of",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"jazz",
"sheet",
"music",
".",
"the",
"music",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
",",
"louisiana",
"had",
"a",
"profound",
"effect",
"on",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"early",
"jazz",
".",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
",",
"slaves",
"could",
"practice",
"elements",
"of",
"their",
"culture",
"such",
"as"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 6,
"end_token_idx": 8,
"identifier": "/wiki/Deep_South",
"tokens": [
"deep",
"south"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 21,
"end_token_idx": 23,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spiritual_(music)",
"tokens": [
"spiritual",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 24,
"end_token_idx": 26,
"identifier": "/wiki/Work_song",
"tokens": [
"work",
"songs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 27,
"end_token_idx": 31,
"identifier": "/wiki/Field_holler",
"tokens": [
"field",
"ho",
"##ller",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 32,
"end_token_idx": 33,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ring_shout",
"tokens": [
"shouts"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 34,
"end_token_idx": 35,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chant",
"tokens": [
"chants"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 40,
"end_token_idx": 41,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ballad_(music)",
"tokens": [
"ballads"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 55,
"end_token_idx": 57,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blue_note",
"tokens": [
"blue",
"notes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 101,
"end_token_idx": 106,
"identifier": "/wiki/W._C._Handy",
"tokens": [
"w",
".",
"c",
".",
"handy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 366,
"end_token_idx": 368,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Memphis_Blues",
"tokens": [
"memphis",
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 384,
"end_token_idx": 388,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gunther_Schuller",
"tokens": [
"gunther",
"sc",
"##hul",
"##ler"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 416,
"end_token_idx": 420,
"identifier": "/wiki/St._Louis_Blues_(song)",
"tokens": [
"st",
".",
"louis",
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 434,
"end_token_idx": 436,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_standard",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"standards"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 472,
"end_token_idx": 474,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Orleans",
"tokens": [
"new",
"orleans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 475,
"end_token_idx": 476,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louisiana",
"tokens": [
"louisiana"
]
}
] | [
101,
1011,
2137,
4279,
1997,
3952,
1996,
2784,
2148,
1997,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2012,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
3708,
2301,
2013,
2037,
6259,
2015,
1010,
2147,
2774,
1010,
2492,
7570,
10820,
2015,
1010,
15701,
1998,
29534,
1998,
20622,
2094,
3722,
7984,
18456,
1012,
1996,
3060,
2224,
1997,
7279,
29336,
12356,
9539,
5201,
2000,
1996,
2458,
1997,
2630,
3964,
1999,
5132,
1998,
4166,
1012,
2004,
13970,
5638,
2243,
7607,
1024,
2116,
1997,
1996,
3541,
5132,
1997,
1996,
2784,
2148,
2024,
24828,
3973,
2019,
5331,
1998,
7660,
1997,
10468,
2048,
5041,
5642,
2299,
1011,
2806,
7443,
1999,
1996,
2225,
2430,
10411,
2594,
5583,
1024,
1059,
1012,
1039,
1012,
18801,
2150,
4699,
1999,
5154,
5132,
1997,
1996,
2784,
2148,
2096,
7118,
2083,
1996,
5900,
7160,
1012,
1999,
2023,
5154,
5132,
2433,
1010,
1996,
3220,
2052,
17727,
12298,
5562,
10350,
2306,
1037,
3132,
17187,
2846,
1010,
9391,
2066,
1037,
2492,
7570,
10820,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2858,
22205,
2001,
11159,
2738,
2084,
2358,
6824,
7583,
1010,
2066,
1037,
2235,
6943,
2029,
5838,
1999,
26351,
29477,
3064,
24947,
1010,
12285,
2004,
2178,
1000,
2376,
1000,
1012,
18801,
1998,
2010,
2316,
2372,
2020,
6246,
4738,
3060,
1011,
2137,
5389,
2040,
2018,
2025,
4961,
2039,
2007,
1996,
5132,
1010,
2664,
2002,
2001,
2583,
2000,
15581,
1996,
5132,
2000,
1037,
3469,
2316,
6602,
4289,
1998,
13621,
2068,
1999,
1037,
2759,
2189,
2433,
1012,
18801,
2626,
2055,
2010,
16151,
1997,
1996,
5132,
1024,
1996,
10968,
2670,
12593,
1010,
2004,
2002,
6369,
1010,
2001,
2469,
2000,
4562,
2091,
2006,
1996,
2353,
1998,
5066,
4309,
1997,
1996,
4094,
1010,
22889,
3126,
4892,
2090,
2350,
1998,
3576,
1012,
3251,
1999,
1996,
6557,
2492,
1997,
1996,
7160,
2030,
2006,
1996,
23310,
4402,
2039,
2358,
1012,
3434,
2126,
1010,
2009,
2001,
2467,
1996,
2168,
1012,
6229,
2059,
1010,
2174,
1010,
1045,
2018,
2196,
2657,
2023,
22889,
3126,
2109,
2011,
1037,
2062,
12138,
12593,
1010,
2030,
2011,
2151,
2317,
2158,
1012,
1045,
2699,
2000,
16636,
2023,
3466,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2011,
10449,
4257,
12263,
1998,
5066,
2015,
1006,
2085,
2170,
2630,
3964,
1007,
2046,
2026,
2299,
1010,
2348,
2049,
19283,
3145,
2001,
2350,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1010,
1998,
1045,
3344,
2023,
5080,
2046,
2026,
8531,
2004,
2092,
1012,
1996,
4772,
1997,
2010,
1000,
9774,
5132,
1000,
7123,
2189,
1999,
4878,
3107,
1996,
2260,
1011,
3347,
5132,
2000,
1996,
2088,
1006,
2348,
19384,
8040,
21886,
3917,
9251,
2008,
2009,
2003,
2025,
2428,
1037,
5132,
1010,
2021,
1000,
2062,
2066,
1037,
9850,
17122,
1000,
1007,
1012,
2023,
5512,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
2010,
2101,
1000,
2358,
1012,
3434,
5132,
1000,
1998,
2500,
1010,
2443,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
6348,
1010,
1998,
2052,
2468,
4166,
4781,
1012,
18801,
1005,
1055,
2189,
2476,
2211,
1999,
1996,
3653,
1011,
4166,
3690,
1998,
5201,
2000,
1996,
19429,
9031,
1997,
4166,
2083,
1996,
4772,
1997,
2070,
1997,
1996,
2034,
4166,
7123,
2189,
1012,
1996,
2189,
1997,
2047,
5979,
1010,
5773,
2018,
1037,
13769,
3466,
2006,
1996,
4325,
1997,
2220,
4166,
1012,
1999,
2047,
5979,
1010,
7179,
2071,
3218,
3787,
1997,
2037,
3226,
2107,
2004,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"voodoo",
"and",
"playing",
"drums",
".",
"many",
"early",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"played",
"in",
"the",
"bars",
"and",
"brothel",
"##s",
"of",
"the",
"red",
"-",
"light",
"district",
"around",
"basin",
"street",
"called",
"story",
"##ville",
".",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"dance",
"bands",
",",
"there",
"were",
"marching",
"bands",
"which",
"played",
"at",
"lavish",
"funeral",
"##s",
"(",
"later",
"called",
"jazz",
"funeral",
"##s",
")",
".",
"the",
"instruments",
"used",
"by",
"marching",
"bands",
"and",
"dance",
"bands",
"became",
"the",
"instruments",
"of",
"jazz",
":",
"brass",
",",
"drums",
",",
"and",
"reed",
"##s",
"tuned",
"in",
"the",
"european",
"12",
"-",
"tone",
"scale",
".",
"small",
"bands",
"contained",
"a",
"combination",
"of",
"self",
"-",
"taught",
"and",
"formally",
"educated",
"musicians",
",",
"many",
"from",
"the",
"funeral",
"procession",
"tradition",
".",
"these",
"bands",
"traveled",
"in",
"black",
"communities",
"in",
"the",
"deep",
"south",
".",
"beginning",
"in",
"1914",
",",
"louisiana",
"creole",
"and",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"musicians",
"played",
"in",
"vaudeville",
"shows",
"which",
"carried",
"jazz",
"to",
"cities",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"and",
"western",
"parts",
"of",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"jazz",
"became",
"international",
"in",
"1914",
",",
"when",
"the",
"creole",
"band",
"with",
"corn",
"##etti",
"##st",
"freddie",
"ke",
"##ppa",
"##rd",
"performed",
"the",
"first",
"ever",
"jazz",
"concert",
"outside",
"the",
"united",
"states",
",",
"at",
"the",
"pan",
"##tage",
"##s",
"playhouse",
"theatre",
"in",
"winnipeg",
",",
"canada",
".",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
",",
"a",
"white",
"band",
"##leader",
"named",
"papa",
"jack",
"lai",
"##ne",
"integrated",
"blacks",
"and",
"whites",
"in",
"his",
"marching",
"band",
".",
"he",
"was",
"known",
"as",
"\"",
"the",
"father",
"of",
"white",
"jazz",
"\"",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"many",
"top",
"players",
"he",
"employed",
",",
"such",
"as",
"george",
"br",
"##uni",
"##es",
",",
"shark",
"##ey",
"bon",
"##ano",
",",
"and",
"future",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"original",
"dixie",
"##land",
"ja",
"##ss",
"band",
".",
"during",
"the",
"early",
"1900s",
",",
"jazz",
"was",
"mostly",
"performed",
"in",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"and",
"mu",
"##lat",
"##to",
"communities",
"due",
"to",
"segregation",
"laws",
".",
"story",
"##ville",
"brought",
"jazz",
"to",
"a",
"wider",
"audience",
"through",
"tourists",
"who",
"visited",
"the",
"port",
"city",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
".",
"many",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"from",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"communities",
"were",
"hired",
"to",
"perform",
"in",
"bars",
"and",
"brothel",
"##s",
".",
"these",
"included",
"buddy",
"bold",
"##en",
"and",
"jelly",
"roll",
"morton",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"those",
"from",
"other",
"communities",
",",
"such",
"as",
"lorenzo",
"ti",
"##o",
"and",
"al",
"##cide",
"nunez",
".",
"louis",
"armstrong",
"started",
"his",
"career",
"in",
"story",
"##ville",
"and",
"found",
"success",
"in",
"chicago",
".",
"story",
"##ville",
"was",
"shut",
"down",
"by",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"government",
"in",
"1917",
".",
"corn",
"##eti",
"##st",
"buddy",
"bold",
"##en",
"played",
"in",
"new",
"orleans",
"from",
"1895",
"to",
"1906",
".",
"no",
"recordings",
"by",
"him",
"exist",
".",
"his",
"band",
"is",
"credited",
"with",
"creating",
"the",
"big",
"four",
":",
"the",
"first",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##ted",
"bass",
"drum",
"pattern",
"to",
"devi",
"##ate",
"from",
"the",
"standard",
"on",
"-",
"the",
"-",
"beat",
"march",
".",
"as",
"the",
"example",
"below",
"shows",
",",
"the",
"second",
"half",
"of",
"the",
"big",
"four",
"pattern",
"is",
"the",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
"rhythm",
".",
"afro",
"-",
"creole",
"pianist",
"jelly",
"roll",
"morton",
"began",
"his",
"career",
"in",
"story",
"##ville",
".",
"beginning",
"in",
"1904",
",",
"he",
"toured",
"with",
"vaudeville",
"shows",
"to",
"southern",
"cities",
",",
"chicago",
",",
"and",
"new",
"york",
"city",
".",
"in",
"1905",
",",
"he",
"composed",
"\"",
"jelly",
"roll",
"blues",
"\"",
",",
"which",
"became",
"the",
"first",
"jazz",
"arrangement",
"in",
"print",
"when",
"it",
"was"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 26,
"end_token_idx": 28,
"identifier": "/wiki/Storyville,_New_Orleans",
"tokens": [
"story",
"##ville"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 48,
"end_token_idx": 51,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_funeral",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"funeral",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 120,
"end_token_idx": 122,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people",
"tokens": [
"louisiana",
"creole"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 129,
"end_token_idx": 130,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vaudeville",
"tokens": [
"vaudeville"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 162,
"end_token_idx": 166,
"identifier": "/wiki/Freddie_Keppard",
"tokens": [
"freddie",
"ke",
"##ppa",
"##rd"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 184,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pantages_Playhouse_Theatre",
"tokens": [
"pan",
"##tage",
"##s",
"playhouse",
"theatre"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 185,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Winnipeg",
"tokens": [
"winnipeg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 187,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Canada",
"tokens": [
"canada"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 198,
"end_token_idx": 202,
"identifier": "/wiki/Papa_Jack_Laine",
"tokens": [
"papa",
"jack",
"lai",
"##ne"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 233,
"end_token_idx": 237,
"identifier": "/wiki/George_Brunies",
"tokens": [
"george",
"br",
"##uni",
"##es"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 238,
"end_token_idx": 242,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sharkey_Bonano",
"tokens": [
"shark",
"##ey",
"bon",
"##ano"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 248,
"end_token_idx": 254,
"identifier": "/wiki/Original_Dixieland_Jass_Band",
"tokens": [
"original",
"dixie",
"##land",
"ja",
"##ss",
"band"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 272,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mulatto",
"tokens": [
"mu",
"##lat",
"##to"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 317,
"end_token_idx": 320,
"identifier": "/wiki/Buddy_Bolden",
"tokens": [
"buddy",
"bold",
"##en"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 321,
"end_token_idx": 324,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton",
"tokens": [
"jelly",
"roll",
"morton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 334,
"end_token_idx": 337,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lorenzo_Tio",
"tokens": [
"lorenzo",
"ti",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 338,
"end_token_idx": 341,
"identifier": "/wiki/Alcide_Nunez",
"tokens": [
"al",
"##cide",
"nunez"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 342,
"end_token_idx": 344,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louis_Armstrong",
"tokens": [
"louis",
"armstrong"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 484,
"end_token_idx": 487,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Blues",
"tokens": [
"jelly",
"roll",
"blues"
]
}
] | [
101,
21768,
1998,
2652,
3846,
1012,
2116,
2220,
4166,
5389,
2209,
1999,
1996,
6963,
1998,
27308,
2015,
1997,
1996,
2417,
1011,
2422,
2212,
2105,
6403,
2395,
2170,
2466,
3077,
1012,
1999,
2804,
2000,
3153,
4996,
1010,
2045,
2020,
10998,
4996,
2029,
2209,
2012,
22689,
6715,
2015,
1006,
2101,
2170,
4166,
6715,
2015,
1007,
1012,
1996,
5693,
2109,
2011,
10998,
4996,
1998,
3153,
4996,
2150,
1996,
5693,
1997,
4166,
1024,
8782,
1010,
3846,
1010,
1998,
7305,
2015,
15757,
1999,
1996,
2647,
2260,
1011,
4309,
4094,
1012,
2235,
4996,
4838,
1037,
5257,
1997,
2969,
1011,
4036,
1998,
6246,
5161,
5389,
1010,
2116,
2013,
1996,
6715,
14385,
4535,
1012,
2122,
4996,
6158,
1999,
2304,
4279,
1999,
1996,
2784,
2148,
1012,
2927,
1999,
4554,
1010,
5773,
21414,
1998,
3060,
1011,
2137,
5389,
2209,
1999,
19698,
3065,
2029,
3344,
4166,
2000,
3655,
1999,
1996,
2642,
1998,
2530,
3033,
1997,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
4166,
2150,
2248,
1999,
4554,
1010,
2043,
1996,
21414,
2316,
2007,
9781,
18319,
3367,
15528,
17710,
13944,
4103,
2864,
1996,
2034,
2412,
4166,
4164,
2648,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1010,
2012,
1996,
6090,
26702,
2015,
17408,
3004,
1999,
11093,
1010,
2710,
1012,
1999,
2047,
5979,
1010,
1037,
2317,
2316,
19000,
2315,
13008,
2990,
21110,
2638,
6377,
10823,
1998,
12461,
1999,
2010,
10998,
2316,
1012,
2002,
2001,
2124,
2004,
1000,
1996,
2269,
1997,
2317,
4166,
1000,
2138,
1997,
1996,
2116,
2327,
2867,
2002,
4846,
1010,
2107,
2004,
2577,
7987,
19496,
2229,
1010,
11420,
3240,
14753,
6761,
1010,
1998,
2925,
2372,
1997,
1996,
2434,
18910,
3122,
14855,
4757,
2316,
1012,
2076,
1996,
2220,
16430,
1010,
4166,
2001,
3262,
2864,
1999,
3060,
1011,
2137,
1998,
14163,
20051,
3406,
4279,
2349,
2000,
18771,
4277,
1012,
2466,
3077,
2716,
4166,
2000,
1037,
7289,
4378,
2083,
9045,
2040,
4716,
1996,
3417,
2103,
1997,
2047,
5979,
1012,
2116,
4166,
5389,
2013,
3060,
1011,
2137,
4279,
2020,
5086,
2000,
4685,
1999,
6963,
1998,
27308,
2015,
1012,
2122,
2443,
8937,
7782,
2368,
1998,
20919,
4897,
11164,
1999,
2804,
2000,
2216,
2013,
2060,
4279,
1010,
2107,
2004,
12484,
14841,
2080,
1998,
2632,
27082,
28454,
1012,
3434,
9143,
2318,
2010,
2476,
1999,
2466,
3077,
1998,
2179,
3112,
1999,
3190,
1012,
2466,
3077,
2001,
3844,
2091,
2011,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
2231,
1999,
4585,
1012,
9781,
20624,
3367,
8937,
7782,
2368,
2209,
1999,
2047,
5979,
2013,
6301,
2000,
5518,
1012,
2053,
5633,
2011,
2032,
4839,
1012,
2010,
2316,
2003,
5827,
2007,
4526,
1996,
2502,
2176,
1024,
1996,
2034,
26351,
29477,
3064,
3321,
6943,
5418,
2000,
14386,
3686,
2013,
1996,
3115,
2006,
1011,
1996,
1011,
3786,
2233,
1012,
2004,
1996,
2742,
2917,
3065,
1010,
1996,
2117,
2431,
1997,
1996,
2502,
2176,
5418,
2003,
1996,
5292,
27543,
2527,
6348,
1012,
17694,
1011,
21414,
9066,
20919,
4897,
11164,
2211,
2010,
2476,
1999,
2466,
3077,
1012,
2927,
1999,
5692,
1010,
2002,
7255,
2007,
19698,
3065,
2000,
2670,
3655,
1010,
3190,
1010,
1998,
2047,
2259,
2103,
1012,
1999,
5497,
1010,
2002,
3605,
1000,
20919,
4897,
5132,
1000,
1010,
2029,
2150,
1996,
2034,
4166,
6512,
1999,
6140,
2043,
2009,
2001,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"published",
"in",
"1915",
".",
"it",
"introduced",
"more",
"musicians",
"to",
"the",
"new",
"orleans",
"style",
".",
"morton",
"considered",
"the",
"tres",
"##illo",
"/",
"ha",
"##bane",
"##ra",
",",
"which",
"he",
"called",
"the",
"spanish",
"ting",
"##e",
",",
"an",
"essential",
"ingredient",
"of",
"jazz",
".",
"\"",
"now",
"in",
"one",
"of",
"my",
"earliest",
"tunes",
",",
"\"",
"new",
"orleans",
"blues",
",",
"\"",
"you",
"can",
"notice",
"the",
"spanish",
"ting",
"##e",
".",
"in",
"fact",
",",
"if",
"you",
"can",
"'",
"t",
"manage",
"to",
"put",
"ting",
"##es",
"of",
"spanish",
"in",
"your",
"tunes",
",",
"you",
"will",
"never",
"be",
"able",
"to",
"get",
"the",
"right",
"season",
"##ing",
",",
"i",
"call",
"it",
",",
"for",
"jazz",
".",
"\"",
"an",
"excerpt",
"of",
"\"",
"new",
"orleans",
"blues",
"\"",
"is",
"shown",
"below",
".",
"in",
"the",
"excerpt",
",",
"the",
"left",
"hand",
"plays",
"the",
"tres",
"##illo",
"rhythm",
",",
"while",
"the",
"right",
"hand",
"plays",
"variations",
"on",
"ci",
"##n",
"##quil",
"##lo",
".",
"morton",
"was",
"a",
"crucial",
"inn",
"##ova",
"##tor",
"in",
"the",
"evolution",
"from",
"the",
"early",
"jazz",
"form",
"known",
"as",
"rag",
"##time",
"to",
"jazz",
"piano",
",",
"and",
"could",
"perform",
"pieces",
"in",
"either",
"style",
";",
"in",
"1938",
",",
"morton",
"made",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"recordings",
"for",
"the",
"library",
"of",
"congress",
"in",
"which",
"he",
"demonstrated",
"the",
"difference",
"between",
"the",
"two",
"styles",
".",
"morton",
"'",
"s",
"solos",
",",
"however",
",",
"were",
"still",
"close",
"to",
"rag",
"##time",
",",
"and",
"were",
"not",
"merely",
"improvisation",
"##s",
"over",
"chord",
"changes",
"as",
"in",
"later",
"jazz",
",",
"but",
"his",
"use",
"of",
"the",
"blues",
"was",
"of",
"equal",
"importance",
".",
"morton",
"loosened",
"rag",
"##time",
"'",
"s",
"rigid",
"rhythmic",
"feeling",
",",
"decreasing",
"its",
"em",
"##bell",
"##ishment",
"##s",
"and",
"employing",
"a",
"swing",
"feeling",
".",
"swing",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"important",
"and",
"enduring",
"african",
"-",
"based",
"rhythmic",
"technique",
"used",
"in",
"jazz",
".",
"an",
"of",
"##t",
"quoted",
"definition",
"of",
"swing",
"by",
"louis",
"armstrong",
"is",
":",
"\"",
"if",
"you",
"don",
"'",
"t",
"feel",
"it",
",",
"you",
"'",
"ll",
"never",
"know",
"it",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"new",
"harvard",
"dictionary",
"of",
"music",
"states",
"that",
"swing",
"is",
":",
"\"",
"an",
"int",
"##ang",
"##ible",
"rhythmic",
"momentum",
"in",
"jazz",
".",
".",
".",
"swing",
"def",
"##ies",
"analysis",
";",
"claims",
"to",
"its",
"presence",
"may",
"inspire",
"arguments",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"dictionary",
"does",
"nonetheless",
"provide",
"the",
"useful",
"description",
"of",
"triple",
"subdivisions",
"of",
"the",
"beat",
"contrasted",
"with",
"du",
"##ple",
"subdivisions",
":",
"swing",
"super",
"##im",
"##pose",
"##s",
"six",
"subdivisions",
"of",
"the",
"beat",
"over",
"a",
"basic",
"pulse",
"structure",
"or",
"four",
"subdivisions",
".",
"this",
"aspect",
"of",
"swing",
"is",
"far",
"more",
"prevalent",
"in",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"music",
"than",
"in",
"afro",
"-",
"caribbean",
"music",
".",
"one",
"aspect",
"of",
"swing",
",",
"which",
"is",
"heard",
"in",
"more",
"rhythmic",
"##ally",
"complex",
"diaspora",
"music",
"##s",
",",
"places",
"strokes",
"in",
"-",
"between",
"the",
"triple",
"and",
"du",
"##ple",
"-",
"pulse",
"\"",
"grid",
"##s",
"\"",
".",
"new",
"orleans",
"brass",
"bands",
"are",
"a",
"lasting",
"influence",
",",
"contributing",
"horn",
"players",
"to",
"the",
"world",
"of",
"professional",
"jazz",
"with",
"the",
"distinct",
"sound",
"of",
"the",
"city",
"whilst",
"helping",
"black",
"children",
"escape",
"poverty",
".",
"the",
"leader",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
"'",
"camel",
"##ia",
"brass",
"band",
",",
"d",
"'",
"ja",
"##lma",
"gan",
"##ier",
",",
"taught",
"louis",
"armstrong",
"to",
"play",
"trumpet",
";",
"armstrong",
"would",
"then",
"popular",
"##ize",
"the",
"new",
"orleans",
"style",
"of",
"trumpet",
"playing",
",",
"and"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 28,
"end_token_idx": 31,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spanish_tinge",
"tokens": [
"spanish",
"ting",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 157,
"end_token_idx": 159,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_piano",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"piano"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 251,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/Swing_(jazz_performance_style)",
"tokens": [
"swing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 467,
"end_token_idx": 471,
"identifier": "/wiki/Camelia_Brass_Band",
"tokens": [
"camel",
"##ia",
"brass",
"band"
]
}
] | [
101,
2405,
1999,
4936,
1012,
2009,
3107,
2062,
5389,
2000,
1996,
2047,
5979,
2806,
1012,
11164,
2641,
1996,
24403,
10486,
1013,
5292,
27543,
2527,
1010,
2029,
2002,
2170,
1996,
3009,
28642,
2063,
1010,
2019,
6827,
21774,
1997,
4166,
1012,
1000,
2085,
1999,
2028,
1997,
2026,
5700,
13281,
1010,
1000,
2047,
5979,
5132,
1010,
1000,
2017,
2064,
5060,
1996,
3009,
28642,
2063,
1012,
1999,
2755,
1010,
2065,
2017,
2064,
1005,
1056,
6133,
2000,
2404,
28642,
2229,
1997,
3009,
1999,
2115,
13281,
1010,
2017,
2097,
2196,
2022,
2583,
2000,
2131,
1996,
2157,
2161,
2075,
1010,
1045,
2655,
2009,
1010,
2005,
4166,
1012,
1000,
2019,
28142,
1997,
1000,
2047,
5979,
5132,
1000,
2003,
3491,
2917,
1012,
1999,
1996,
28142,
1010,
1996,
2187,
2192,
3248,
1996,
24403,
10486,
6348,
1010,
2096,
1996,
2157,
2192,
3248,
8358,
2006,
25022,
2078,
26147,
4135,
1012,
11164,
2001,
1037,
10232,
7601,
7103,
4263,
1999,
1996,
6622,
2013,
1996,
2220,
4166,
2433,
2124,
2004,
17768,
7292,
2000,
4166,
3682,
1010,
1998,
2071,
4685,
4109,
1999,
2593,
2806,
1025,
1999,
4260,
1010,
11164,
2081,
1037,
2186,
1997,
5633,
2005,
1996,
3075,
1997,
3519,
1999,
2029,
2002,
7645,
1996,
4489,
2090,
1996,
2048,
6782,
1012,
11164,
1005,
1055,
24339,
1010,
2174,
1010,
2020,
2145,
2485,
2000,
17768,
7292,
1010,
1998,
2020,
2025,
6414,
24584,
2015,
2058,
13924,
3431,
2004,
1999,
2101,
4166,
1010,
2021,
2010,
2224,
1997,
1996,
5132,
2001,
1997,
5020,
5197,
1012,
11164,
22456,
17768,
7292,
1005,
1055,
11841,
14797,
3110,
1010,
16922,
2049,
7861,
17327,
21808,
2015,
1998,
15440,
1037,
7370,
3110,
1012,
7370,
2003,
1996,
2087,
2590,
1998,
16762,
3060,
1011,
2241,
14797,
6028,
2109,
1999,
4166,
1012,
2019,
1997,
2102,
9339,
6210,
1997,
7370,
2011,
3434,
9143,
2003,
1024,
1000,
2065,
2017,
2123,
1005,
1056,
2514,
2009,
1010,
2017,
1005,
2222,
2196,
2113,
2009,
1012,
1000,
1996,
2047,
5765,
9206,
1997,
2189,
2163,
2008,
7370,
2003,
1024,
1000,
2019,
20014,
5654,
7028,
14797,
11071,
1999,
4166,
1012,
1012,
1012,
7370,
13366,
3111,
4106,
1025,
4447,
2000,
2049,
3739,
2089,
18708,
9918,
1012,
1000,
1996,
9206,
2515,
9690,
3073,
1996,
6179,
6412,
1997,
6420,
22095,
1997,
1996,
3786,
22085,
2007,
4241,
10814,
22095,
1024,
7370,
3565,
5714,
20688,
2015,
2416,
22095,
1997,
1996,
3786,
2058,
1037,
3937,
8187,
3252,
2030,
2176,
22095,
1012,
2023,
7814,
1997,
7370,
2003,
2521,
2062,
15157,
1999,
3060,
1011,
2137,
2189,
2084,
1999,
17694,
1011,
7139,
2189,
1012,
2028,
7814,
1997,
7370,
1010,
2029,
2003,
2657,
1999,
2062,
14797,
3973,
3375,
18239,
2189,
2015,
1010,
3182,
13692,
1999,
1011,
2090,
1996,
6420,
1998,
4241,
10814,
1011,
8187,
1000,
8370,
2015,
1000,
1012,
2047,
5979,
8782,
4996,
2024,
1037,
9879,
3747,
1010,
8020,
7109,
2867,
2000,
1996,
2088,
1997,
2658,
4166,
2007,
1996,
5664,
2614,
1997,
1996,
2103,
5819,
5094,
2304,
2336,
4019,
5635,
1012,
1996,
3003,
1997,
2047,
5979,
1005,
19130,
2401,
8782,
2316,
1010,
1040,
1005,
14855,
19145,
25957,
3771,
1010,
4036,
3434,
9143,
2000,
2377,
9368,
1025,
9143,
2052,
2059,
2759,
4697,
1996,
2047,
5979,
2806,
1997,
9368,
2652,
1010,
1998,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"then",
"expand",
"it",
".",
"like",
"jelly",
"roll",
"morton",
",",
"armstrong",
"is",
"also",
"credited",
"with",
"the",
"abandonment",
"of",
"rag",
"##time",
"'",
"s",
"stiff",
"##ness",
"in",
"favor",
"of",
"swung",
"notes",
".",
"armstrong",
",",
"perhaps",
"more",
"than",
"any",
"other",
"musician",
",",
"cod",
"##ified",
"the",
"rhythmic",
"technique",
"of",
"swing",
"in",
"jazz",
"and",
"broad",
"##ened",
"the",
"jazz",
"solo",
"vocabulary",
".",
"the",
"original",
"dixie",
"##land",
"ja",
"##ss",
"band",
"made",
"the",
"music",
"'",
"s",
"first",
"recordings",
"early",
"in",
"1917",
",",
"and",
"their",
"\"",
"livery",
"stable",
"blues",
"\"",
"became",
"the",
"earliest",
"released",
"jazz",
"record",
".",
"that",
"year",
",",
"numerous",
"other",
"bands",
"made",
"recordings",
"featuring",
"\"",
"jazz",
"\"",
"in",
"the",
"title",
"or",
"band",
"name",
",",
"but",
"most",
"were",
"rag",
"##time",
"or",
"novelty",
"records",
"rather",
"than",
"jazz",
".",
"in",
"february",
"1918",
"during",
"world",
"war",
"i",
",",
"james",
"reese",
"europe",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"hell",
"##fighter",
"##s",
"\"",
"infantry",
"band",
"took",
"rag",
"##time",
"to",
"europe",
",",
"then",
"on",
"their",
"return",
"recorded",
"dixie",
"##land",
"standards",
"including",
"\"",
"dark",
"##town",
"st",
"##rut",
"##ters",
"'",
"ball",
"\"",
".",
"from",
"1920",
"to",
"1933",
",",
"prohibition",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"banned",
"the",
"sale",
"of",
"alcoholic",
"drinks",
",",
"resulting",
"in",
"illicit",
"speak",
"##ea",
"##sies",
"which",
"became",
"lively",
"venues",
"of",
"the",
"\"",
"jazz",
"age",
"\"",
",",
"hosting",
"popular",
"music",
",",
"dance",
"songs",
",",
"novelty",
"songs",
",",
"and",
"show",
"tunes",
".",
"jazz",
"began",
"to",
"get",
"a",
"reputation",
"as",
"im",
"##moral",
",",
"and",
"many",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"older",
"generations",
"saw",
"it",
"as",
"a",
"threat",
"to",
"the",
"old",
"cultural",
"values",
"by",
"promoting",
"the",
"decade",
"##nt",
"values",
"of",
"the",
"roaring",
"20s",
".",
"henry",
"van",
"dyke",
"of",
"princeton",
"university",
"wrote",
",",
"\"",
".",
".",
".",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"music",
"at",
"all",
".",
"it",
"'",
"s",
"merely",
"an",
"irritation",
"of",
"the",
"nerves",
"of",
"hearing",
",",
"a",
"sensual",
"teasing",
"of",
"the",
"strings",
"of",
"physical",
"passion",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"new",
"york",
"times",
"reported",
"that",
"siberian",
"villagers",
"used",
"jazz",
"to",
"scare",
"away",
"bears",
",",
"but",
"the",
"villagers",
"had",
"used",
"pots",
"and",
"pan",
"##s",
";",
"another",
"story",
"claimed",
"that",
"the",
"fatal",
"heart",
"attack",
"of",
"a",
"celebrated",
"conductor",
"was",
"caused",
"by",
"jazz",
".",
"in",
"1919",
",",
"kid",
"or",
"##y",
"'",
"s",
"original",
"creole",
"jazz",
"band",
"of",
"musicians",
"from",
"new",
"orleans",
"began",
"playing",
"in",
"san",
"francisco",
"and",
"los",
"angeles",
",",
"where",
"in",
"1922",
"they",
"became",
"the",
"first",
"black",
"jazz",
"band",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
"origin",
"to",
"make",
"recordings",
".",
"during",
"the",
"same",
"year",
",",
"bessie",
"smith",
"made",
"her",
"first",
"recordings",
".",
"chicago",
"was",
"developing",
"\"",
"hot",
"jazz",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"king",
"oliver",
"joined",
"bill",
"johnson",
".",
"bi",
"##x",
"bei",
"##der",
"##beck",
"##e",
"formed",
"the",
"wolverine",
"##s",
"in",
"1924",
".",
"despite",
"its",
"southern",
"black",
"origins",
",",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"larger",
"market",
"for",
"jazz",
"##y",
"dance",
"music",
"played",
"by",
"white",
"orchestras",
".",
"in",
"1918",
",",
"paul",
"white",
"##man",
"and",
"his",
"orchestra",
"became",
"a",
"hit",
"in",
"san",
"francisco",
".",
"he",
"signed",
"a",
"contract",
"with",
"victor",
"and",
"became",
"the",
"top",
"band",
"##leader",
"of",
"the",
"1920s",
",",
"giving",
"hot",
"jazz",
"a",
"white",
"component",
",",
"hiring",
"white",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"bi",
"##x",
"bei",
"##der",
"##beck",
"##e",
",",
"jimmy",
"dorsey",
",",
"tommy",
"dorsey",
",",
"frankie",
"tr",
"##umb",
"##auer",
","
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 62,
"identifier": "/wiki/Original_Dixieland_Jass_Band",
"tokens": [
"original",
"dixie",
"##land",
"ja",
"##ss",
"band"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 76,
"end_token_idx": 79,
"identifier": "/wiki/Livery_Stable_Blues",
"tokens": [
"livery",
"stable",
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 131,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/369th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)",
"tokens": [
"\"",
"hell",
"##fighter",
"##s",
"\"",
"infantry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 154,
"end_token_idx": 161,
"identifier": "/wiki/Darktown_Strutters%27_Ball",
"tokens": [
"dark",
"##town",
"st",
"##rut",
"##ters",
"'",
"ball"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 168,
"end_token_idx": 173,
"identifier": "/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"prohibition",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 249,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/Henry_van_Dyke",
"tokens": [
"henry",
"van",
"dyke"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 291,
"end_token_idx": 295,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_New_York_Times",
"tokens": [
"the",
"new",
"york",
"times"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 336,
"end_token_idx": 339,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kid_Ory",
"tokens": [
"kid",
"or",
"##y"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 382,
"end_token_idx": 384,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bessie_Smith",
"tokens": [
"bessie",
"smith"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 393,
"end_token_idx": 395,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hot_Jazz",
"tokens": [
"hot",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 398,
"end_token_idx": 400,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_%22King%22_Oliver",
"tokens": [
"king",
"oliver"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 401,
"end_token_idx": 403,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bill_Johnson_(double-bassist)",
"tokens": [
"bill",
"johnson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 441,
"end_token_idx": 444,
"identifier": "/wiki/Paul_Whiteman",
"tokens": [
"paul",
"white",
"##man"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 459,
"end_token_idx": 460,
"identifier": "/wiki/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company",
"tokens": [
"victor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 482,
"end_token_idx": 488,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bix_Beiderbecke",
"tokens": [
"bi",
"##x",
"bei",
"##der",
"##beck",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 489,
"end_token_idx": 491,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jimmy_Dorsey",
"tokens": [
"jimmy",
"dorsey"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 492,
"end_token_idx": 494,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey",
"tokens": [
"tommy",
"dorsey"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 495,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/Frankie_Trumbauer",
"tokens": [
"frankie",
"tr",
"##umb",
"##auer"
]
}
] | [
101,
2059,
7818,
2009,
1012,
2066,
20919,
4897,
11164,
1010,
9143,
2003,
2036,
5827,
2007,
1996,
22290,
1997,
17768,
7292,
1005,
1055,
10551,
2791,
1999,
5684,
1997,
7671,
3964,
1012,
9143,
1010,
3383,
2062,
2084,
2151,
2060,
5455,
1010,
19429,
7810,
1996,
14797,
6028,
1997,
7370,
1999,
4166,
1998,
5041,
6675,
1996,
4166,
3948,
16188,
1012,
1996,
2434,
18910,
3122,
14855,
4757,
2316,
2081,
1996,
2189,
1005,
1055,
2034,
5633,
2220,
1999,
4585,
1010,
1998,
2037,
1000,
18475,
6540,
5132,
1000,
2150,
1996,
5700,
2207,
4166,
2501,
1012,
2008,
2095,
1010,
3365,
2060,
4996,
2081,
5633,
3794,
1000,
4166,
1000,
1999,
1996,
2516,
2030,
2316,
2171,
1010,
2021,
2087,
2020,
17768,
7292,
2030,
21160,
2636,
2738,
2084,
4166,
1012,
1999,
2337,
4271,
2076,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1010,
2508,
15883,
2885,
1005,
1055,
1000,
3109,
20027,
2015,
1000,
3939,
2316,
2165,
17768,
7292,
2000,
2885,
1010,
2059,
2006,
2037,
2709,
2680,
18910,
3122,
4781,
2164,
1000,
2601,
4665,
2358,
22134,
7747,
1005,
3608,
1000,
1012,
2013,
4444,
2000,
4537,
1010,
13574,
1999,
1996,
2142,
2163,
7917,
1996,
5096,
1997,
14813,
8974,
1010,
4525,
1999,
25049,
3713,
5243,
14625,
2029,
2150,
17133,
9356,
1997,
1996,
1000,
4166,
2287,
1000,
1010,
9936,
2759,
2189,
1010,
3153,
2774,
1010,
21160,
2774,
1010,
1998,
2265,
13281,
1012,
4166,
2211,
2000,
2131,
1037,
5891,
2004,
10047,
22049,
1010,
1998,
2116,
2372,
1997,
1996,
3080,
8213,
2387,
2009,
2004,
1037,
5081,
2000,
1996,
2214,
3451,
5300,
2011,
7694,
1996,
5476,
3372,
5300,
1997,
1996,
17197,
27074,
1012,
2888,
3158,
22212,
1997,
9173,
2118,
2626,
1010,
1000,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2009,
2003,
2025,
2189,
2012,
2035,
1012,
2009,
1005,
1055,
6414,
2019,
17373,
1997,
1996,
10627,
1997,
4994,
1010,
1037,
18753,
12216,
1997,
1996,
7817,
1997,
3558,
6896,
1012,
1000,
1996,
2047,
2259,
2335,
2988,
2008,
21822,
11904,
2109,
4166,
2000,
12665,
2185,
6468,
1010,
2021,
1996,
11904,
2018,
2109,
18911,
1998,
6090,
2015,
1025,
2178,
2466,
3555,
2008,
1996,
10611,
2540,
2886,
1997,
1037,
6334,
7589,
2001,
3303,
2011,
4166,
1012,
1999,
4529,
1010,
4845,
2030,
2100,
1005,
1055,
2434,
21414,
4166,
2316,
1997,
5389,
2013,
2047,
5979,
2211,
2652,
1999,
2624,
3799,
1998,
3050,
3349,
1010,
2073,
1999,
4798,
2027,
2150,
1996,
2034,
2304,
4166,
2316,
1997,
2047,
5979,
4761,
2000,
2191,
5633,
1012,
2076,
1996,
2168,
2095,
1010,
29298,
3044,
2081,
2014,
2034,
5633,
1012,
3190,
2001,
4975,
1000,
2980,
4166,
1000,
1010,
1998,
2332,
6291,
2587,
3021,
3779,
1012,
12170,
2595,
21388,
4063,
12750,
2063,
2719,
1996,
22162,
2015,
1999,
4814,
1012,
2750,
2049,
2670,
2304,
7321,
1010,
2045,
2001,
1037,
3469,
3006,
2005,
4166,
2100,
3153,
2189,
2209,
2011,
2317,
19505,
1012,
1999,
4271,
1010,
2703,
2317,
2386,
1998,
2010,
4032,
2150,
1037,
2718,
1999,
2624,
3799,
1012,
2002,
2772,
1037,
3206,
2007,
5125,
1998,
2150,
1996,
2327,
2316,
19000,
1997,
1996,
6641,
1010,
3228,
2980,
4166,
1037,
2317,
6922,
1010,
14763,
2317,
5389,
2107,
2004,
12170,
2595,
21388,
4063,
12750,
2063,
1010,
5261,
27332,
1010,
6838,
27332,
1010,
12784,
19817,
25438,
21126,
1010,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"and",
"joe",
"ve",
"##nut",
"##i",
".",
"in",
"1924",
",",
"white",
"##man",
"commissioned",
"george",
"gershwin",
"'",
"s",
"rhapsody",
"in",
"blue",
",",
"which",
"was",
"premiered",
"by",
"his",
"orchestra",
".",
"jazz",
"began",
"to",
"be",
"recognized",
"as",
"a",
"notable",
"musical",
"form",
".",
"ol",
"##in",
"down",
"##es",
",",
"reviewing",
"the",
"concert",
"in",
"the",
"new",
"york",
"times",
",",
"wrote",
",",
"\"",
"this",
"composition",
"shows",
"extraordinary",
"talent",
",",
"as",
"it",
"shows",
"a",
"young",
"composer",
"with",
"aims",
"that",
"go",
"far",
"beyond",
"those",
"of",
"his",
"il",
"##k",
",",
"struggling",
"with",
"a",
"form",
"of",
"which",
"he",
"is",
"far",
"from",
"being",
"master",
".",
".",
".",
".",
"in",
"spite",
"of",
"all",
"this",
",",
"he",
"has",
"expressed",
"himself",
"in",
"a",
"significant",
"and",
",",
"on",
"the",
"whole",
",",
"highly",
"original",
"form",
".",
".",
".",
".",
"his",
"first",
"theme",
".",
".",
".",
"is",
"no",
"mere",
"dance",
"-",
"tune",
".",
".",
".",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"idea",
",",
"or",
"several",
"ideas",
",",
"correlated",
"and",
"combined",
"in",
"varying",
"and",
"contrasting",
"rhythms",
"that",
"immediately",
"int",
"##rigue",
"the",
"listener",
".",
"\"",
"after",
"white",
"##man",
"'",
"s",
"band",
"successfully",
"toured",
"europe",
",",
"huge",
"hot",
"jazz",
"orchestras",
"in",
"theater",
"pits",
"caught",
"on",
"with",
"other",
"whites",
",",
"including",
"fred",
"war",
"##ing",
",",
"jean",
"gold",
"##ke",
"##tte",
",",
"and",
"nathaniel",
"shi",
"##lk",
"##ret",
".",
"according",
"to",
"mario",
"dun",
"##kel",
",",
"white",
"##man",
"'",
"s",
"success",
"was",
"based",
"on",
"a",
"\"",
"rhetoric",
"of",
"domestic",
"##ation",
"\"",
"according",
"to",
"which",
"he",
"had",
"elevated",
"and",
"rendered",
"valuable",
"(",
"read",
"\"",
"white",
"\"",
")",
"a",
"previously",
"inch",
"##oat",
"##e",
"(",
"read",
"\"",
"black",
"\"",
")",
"kind",
"of",
"music",
".",
"white",
"##man",
"'",
"s",
"success",
"caused",
"black",
"artists",
"to",
"follow",
"suit",
",",
"including",
"earl",
"hines",
"(",
"who",
"opened",
"in",
"the",
"grand",
"terrace",
"cafe",
"in",
"chicago",
"in",
"1928",
")",
",",
"washington",
",",
"d",
".",
"c",
".",
"-",
"native",
"duke",
"ellington",
"(",
"who",
"opened",
"at",
"the",
"cotton",
"club",
"in",
"harlem",
"in",
"1927",
")",
",",
"lionel",
"hampton",
",",
"fletcher",
"henderson",
",",
"claude",
"hopkins",
",",
"and",
"don",
"red",
"##man",
",",
"with",
"henderson",
"and",
"red",
"##man",
"developing",
"the",
"\"",
"talking",
"to",
"one",
"another",
"\"",
"formula",
"for",
"\"",
"hot",
"\"",
"swing",
"music",
".",
"in",
"1924",
",",
"louis",
"armstrong",
"joined",
"the",
"fletcher",
"henderson",
"dance",
"band",
"for",
"a",
"year",
",",
"as",
"featured",
"soloist",
".",
"by",
"1924",
",",
"one",
"of",
"armstrong",
"'",
"s",
"favorite",
"\"",
"sweet",
"jazz",
"\"",
"big",
"bands",
"was",
"also",
"formed",
"in",
"canada",
"by",
"guy",
"lombard",
"##o",
".",
"his",
"royal",
"canadians",
"orchestra",
"specialized",
"in",
"performances",
"of",
"\"",
"the",
"sweet",
"##est",
"music",
"this",
"side",
"of",
"heaven",
"\"",
"which",
"trans",
"##cend",
"##ed",
"racial",
"boundaries",
".",
"the",
"original",
"new",
"orleans",
"style",
"was",
"poly",
"##phonic",
",",
"with",
"theme",
"variation",
"and",
"simultaneous",
"collective",
"improvisation",
".",
"armstrong",
"was",
"a",
"master",
"of",
"his",
"hometown",
"style",
",",
"but",
"by",
"the",
"time",
"he",
"joined",
"henderson",
"'",
"s",
"band",
",",
"he",
"was",
"already",
"a",
"trail",
"##bla",
"##zer",
"in",
"a",
"new",
"phase",
"of",
"jazz",
",",
"with",
"its",
"emphasis",
"on",
"arrangements",
"and",
"soloists",
".",
"armstrong",
"'",
"s",
"solos",
"went",
"well",
"beyond",
"the",
"theme",
"-",
"improvisation",
"concept",
"and",
"ex",
"##tem",
"##por",
"##ized",
"on",
"chords",
",",
"rather",
"than",
"melodies",
".",
"according",
"to",
"sc",
"##hul",
"##ler",
",",
"by",
"comparison",
",",
"the"
] | [
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 1,
"end_token_idx": 5,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_Venuti",
"tokens": [
"joe",
"ve",
"##nut",
"##i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 12,
"end_token_idx": 14,
"identifier": "/wiki/George_Gershwin",
"tokens": [
"george",
"gershwin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 16,
"end_token_idx": 19,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue",
"tokens": [
"rhapsody",
"in",
"blue"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 38,
"end_token_idx": 42,
"identifier": "/wiki/Olin_Downes",
"tokens": [
"ol",
"##in",
"down",
"##es"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 185,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fred_Waring",
"tokens": [
"fred",
"war",
"##ing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 189,
"end_token_idx": 193,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jean_Goldkette",
"tokens": [
"jean",
"gold",
"##ke",
"##tte"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 195,
"end_token_idx": 199,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nathaniel_Shilkret",
"tokens": [
"nathaniel",
"shi",
"##lk",
"##ret"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 264,
"end_token_idx": 266,
"identifier": "/wiki/Earl_Hines",
"tokens": [
"earl",
"hines"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 288,
"end_token_idx": 290,
"identifier": "/wiki/Duke_Ellington",
"tokens": [
"duke",
"ellington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 295,
"end_token_idx": 297,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cotton_Club",
"tokens": [
"cotton",
"club"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 305,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lionel_Hampton",
"tokens": [
"lionel",
"hampton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 306,
"end_token_idx": 308,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson",
"tokens": [
"fletcher",
"henderson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 309,
"end_token_idx": 311,
"identifier": "/wiki/Claude_Hopkins",
"tokens": [
"claude",
"hopkins"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 313,
"end_token_idx": 316,
"identifier": "/wiki/Don_Redman",
"tokens": [
"don",
"red",
"##man"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 362,
"end_token_idx": 363,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louis_Armstrong",
"tokens": [
"armstrong"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 370,
"end_token_idx": 372,
"identifier": "/wiki/Big_bands",
"tokens": [
"big",
"bands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 378,
"end_token_idx": 381,
"identifier": "/wiki/Guy_Lombardo",
"tokens": [
"guy",
"lombard",
"##o"
]
}
] | [
101,
1998,
3533,
2310,
24072,
2072,
1012,
1999,
4814,
1010,
2317,
2386,
4837,
2577,
25600,
1005,
1055,
29395,
1999,
2630,
1010,
2029,
2001,
5885,
2011,
2010,
4032,
1012,
4166,
2211,
2000,
2022,
3858,
2004,
1037,
3862,
3315,
2433,
1012,
19330,
2378,
2091,
2229,
1010,
15252,
1996,
4164,
1999,
1996,
2047,
2259,
2335,
1010,
2626,
1010,
1000,
2023,
5512,
3065,
9313,
5848,
1010,
2004,
2009,
3065,
1037,
2402,
4543,
2007,
8704,
2008,
2175,
2521,
3458,
2216,
1997,
2010,
6335,
2243,
1010,
8084,
2007,
1037,
2433,
1997,
2029,
2002,
2003,
2521,
2013,
2108,
3040,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1999,
8741,
1997,
2035,
2023,
1010,
2002,
2038,
5228,
2370,
1999,
1037,
3278,
1998,
1010,
2006,
1996,
2878,
1010,
3811,
2434,
2433,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2010,
2034,
4323,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2003,
2053,
8210,
3153,
1011,
8694,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2009,
2003,
2019,
2801,
1010,
2030,
2195,
4784,
1010,
23900,
1998,
4117,
1999,
9671,
1998,
22133,
17900,
2008,
3202,
20014,
27611,
1996,
19373,
1012,
1000,
2044,
2317,
2386,
1005,
1055,
2316,
5147,
7255,
2885,
1010,
4121,
2980,
4166,
19505,
1999,
4258,
14496,
3236,
2006,
2007,
2060,
12461,
1010,
2164,
5965,
2162,
2075,
1010,
3744,
2751,
3489,
4674,
1010,
1998,
13961,
11895,
13687,
13465,
1012,
2429,
2000,
7986,
24654,
11705,
1010,
2317,
2386,
1005,
1055,
3112,
2001,
2241,
2006,
1037,
1000,
17871,
1997,
4968,
3370,
1000,
2429,
2000,
2029,
2002,
2018,
8319,
1998,
10155,
7070,
1006,
3191,
1000,
2317,
1000,
1007,
1037,
3130,
4960,
16503,
2063,
1006,
3191,
1000,
2304,
1000,
1007,
2785,
1997,
2189,
1012,
2317,
2386,
1005,
1055,
3112,
3303,
2304,
3324,
2000,
3582,
4848,
1010,
2164,
4656,
25445,
1006,
2040,
2441,
1999,
1996,
2882,
11134,
7668,
1999,
3190,
1999,
4662,
1007,
1010,
2899,
1010,
1040,
1012,
1039,
1012,
1011,
3128,
3804,
21630,
1006,
2040,
2441,
2012,
1996,
6557,
2252,
1999,
14864,
1999,
4764,
1007,
1010,
14377,
11615,
1010,
10589,
9481,
1010,
8149,
10239,
1010,
1998,
2123,
2417,
2386,
1010,
2007,
9481,
1998,
2417,
2386,
4975,
1996,
1000,
3331,
2000,
2028,
2178,
1000,
5675,
2005,
1000,
2980,
1000,
7370,
2189,
1012,
1999,
4814,
1010,
3434,
9143,
2587,
1996,
10589,
9481,
3153,
2316,
2005,
1037,
2095,
1010,
2004,
2956,
16504,
1012,
2011,
4814,
1010,
2028,
1997,
9143,
1005,
1055,
5440,
1000,
4086,
4166,
1000,
2502,
4996,
2001,
2036,
2719,
1999,
2710,
2011,
3124,
23441,
2080,
1012,
2010,
2548,
16485,
4032,
7772,
1999,
4616,
1997,
1000,
1996,
4086,
4355,
2189,
2023,
2217,
1997,
6014,
1000,
2029,
9099,
23865,
2098,
5762,
7372,
1012,
1996,
2434,
2047,
5979,
2806,
2001,
26572,
27385,
1010,
2007,
4323,
8386,
1998,
17424,
7268,
24584,
1012,
9143,
2001,
1037,
3040,
1997,
2010,
9627,
2806,
1010,
2021,
2011,
1996,
2051,
2002,
2587,
9481,
1005,
1055,
2316,
1010,
2002,
2001,
2525,
1037,
4446,
28522,
6290,
1999,
1037,
2047,
4403,
1997,
4166,
1010,
2007,
2049,
7902,
2006,
7565,
1998,
27516,
1012,
9143,
1005,
1055,
24339,
2253,
2092,
3458,
1996,
4323,
1011,
24584,
4145,
1998,
4654,
18532,
17822,
3550,
2006,
18495,
1010,
2738,
2084,
16106,
1012,
2429,
2000,
8040,
21886,
3917,
1010,
2011,
7831,
1010,
1996,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"solos",
"by",
"armstrong",
"'",
"s",
"band",
"##mates",
"(",
"including",
"a",
"young",
"coleman",
"hawkins",
")",
",",
"sounded",
"\"",
"stiff",
",",
"st",
"##od",
"##gy",
"\"",
",",
"with",
"\"",
"jerk",
"##y",
"rhythms",
"and",
"a",
"grey",
"und",
"##ist",
"##ing",
"##uis",
"##hed",
"tone",
"quality",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"following",
"example",
"shows",
"a",
"short",
"excerpt",
"of",
"the",
"straight",
"melody",
"of",
"\"",
"mandy",
",",
"make",
"up",
"your",
"mind",
"\"",
"by",
"george",
"w",
".",
"meyer",
"and",
"arthur",
"johnston",
"(",
"top",
")",
",",
"compared",
"with",
"armstrong",
"'",
"s",
"solo",
"improvisation",
"##s",
"(",
"below",
")",
"(",
"recorded",
"1924",
")",
".",
"armstrong",
"'",
"s",
"solos",
"were",
"a",
"significant",
"factor",
"in",
"making",
"jazz",
"a",
"true",
"20th",
"-",
"century",
"language",
".",
"after",
"leaving",
"henderson",
"'",
"s",
"group",
",",
"armstrong",
"formed",
"his",
"hot",
"five",
"band",
",",
"where",
"he",
"popularized",
"sc",
"##at",
"singing",
".",
"the",
"1930s",
"belonged",
"to",
"popular",
"swing",
"big",
"bands",
",",
"in",
"which",
"some",
"vi",
"##rt",
"##uo",
"##so",
"soloists",
"became",
"as",
"famous",
"as",
"the",
"band",
"leaders",
".",
"key",
"figures",
"in",
"developing",
"the",
"\"",
"big",
"\"",
"jazz",
"band",
"included",
"band",
"##leader",
"##s",
"and",
"arranger",
"##s",
"count",
"bas",
"##ie",
",",
"cab",
"call",
"##owa",
"##y",
",",
"jimmy",
"and",
"tommy",
"dorsey",
",",
"duke",
"ellington",
",",
"benny",
"goodman",
",",
"fletcher",
"henderson",
",",
"earl",
"hines",
",",
"harry",
"james",
",",
"jimmie",
"lu",
"##nce",
"##ford",
",",
"glenn",
"miller",
"and",
"art",
"##ie",
"shaw",
".",
"although",
"it",
"was",
"a",
"collective",
"sound",
",",
"swing",
"also",
"offered",
"individual",
"musicians",
"a",
"chance",
"to",
"\"",
"solo",
"\"",
"and",
"imp",
"##rov",
"##ise",
"melodic",
",",
"thematic",
"solos",
"which",
"could",
"at",
"times",
"be",
"complex",
"\"",
"important",
"\"",
"music",
".",
"over",
"time",
",",
"social",
"strict",
"##ures",
"regarding",
"racial",
"segregation",
"began",
"to",
"relax",
"in",
"america",
":",
"white",
"band",
"##leader",
"##s",
"began",
"to",
"recruit",
"black",
"musicians",
"and",
"black",
"band",
"##leader",
"##s",
"white",
"ones",
".",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1930s",
",",
"benny",
"goodman",
"hired",
"pianist",
"teddy",
"wilson",
",",
"vi",
"##bra",
"##phon",
"##ist",
"lionel",
"hampton",
"and",
"guitarist",
"charlie",
"christian",
"to",
"join",
"small",
"groups",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1930s",
",",
"kansas",
"city",
"jazz",
"as",
"exemplified",
"by",
"tenor",
"saxophonist",
"lester",
"young",
"marked",
"the",
"transition",
"from",
"big",
"bands",
"to",
"the",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"influence",
"of",
"the",
"1940s",
".",
"an",
"early",
"1940s",
"style",
"known",
"as",
"\"",
"jumping",
"the",
"blues",
"\"",
"or",
"jump",
"blues",
"used",
"small",
"combo",
"##s",
",",
"up",
"##tem",
"##po",
"music",
"and",
"blues",
"chord",
"progression",
"##s",
",",
"drawing",
"on",
"boogie",
"-",
"woo",
"##gie",
"from",
"the",
"1930s",
".",
"while",
"swing",
"was",
"reaching",
"the",
"height",
"of",
"its",
"popularity",
",",
"duke",
"ellington",
"spent",
"the",
"late",
"1920s",
"and",
"1930s",
"in",
"washington",
",",
"d",
".",
"c",
"'",
"s",
"jazz",
"scene",
",",
"developing",
"an",
"innovative",
"musical",
"id",
"##iom",
"for",
"his",
"orchestra",
".",
"abandoning",
"the",
"conventions",
"of",
"swing",
",",
"he",
"experimented",
"with",
"orchestral",
"sounds",
",",
"harmony",
",",
"and",
"musical",
"form",
"with",
"complex",
"compositions",
"that",
"still",
"translated",
"well",
"for",
"popular",
"audiences",
";",
"some",
"of",
"his",
"tunes",
"became",
"hits",
",",
"and",
"his",
"own",
"popularity",
"spanned",
"from",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"to",
"europe",
".",
"ellington",
"called",
"his",
"music",
"american",
"music",
",",
"rather",
"than",
"jazz",
",",
"and",
"liked",
"to",
"describe",
"those",
"who",
"impressed",
"him",
"as",
"\"",
"beyond",
"category",
"\"",
".",
"these",
"included",
"many",
"musicians",
"from",
"his",
"orchestra",
",",
"some",
"of",
"whom",
"are"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 11,
"end_token_idx": 13,
"identifier": "/wiki/Coleman_Hawkins",
"tokens": [
"coleman",
"hawkins"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 62,
"end_token_idx": 66,
"identifier": "/wiki/George_W._Meyer",
"tokens": [
"george",
"w",
".",
"meyer"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 117,
"end_token_idx": 119,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louis_Armstrong_and_his_Hot_Five",
"tokens": [
"hot",
"five"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 124,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Scat_singing",
"tokens": [
"sc",
"##at",
"singing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 133,
"end_token_idx": 134,
"identifier": "/wiki/Swing_(music)",
"tokens": [
"swing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 170,
"end_token_idx": 173,
"identifier": "/wiki/Count_Basie",
"tokens": [
"count",
"bas",
"##ie"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 174,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cab_Calloway",
"tokens": [
"cab",
"call",
"##owa",
"##y"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 180,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jimmy_Dorsey",
"tokens": [
"jimmy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 181,
"end_token_idx": 183,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey",
"tokens": [
"tommy",
"dorsey"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 184,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Duke_Ellington",
"tokens": [
"duke",
"ellington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 187,
"end_token_idx": 189,
"identifier": "/wiki/Benny_Goodman",
"tokens": [
"benny",
"goodman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 190,
"end_token_idx": 192,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson",
"tokens": [
"fletcher",
"henderson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 195,
"identifier": "/wiki/Earl_Hines",
"tokens": [
"earl",
"hines"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 196,
"end_token_idx": 198,
"identifier": "/wiki/Harry_James",
"tokens": [
"harry",
"james"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 199,
"end_token_idx": 203,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jimmie_Lunceford",
"tokens": [
"jimmie",
"lu",
"##nce",
"##ford"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 204,
"end_token_idx": 206,
"identifier": "/wiki/Glenn_Miller",
"tokens": [
"glenn",
"miller"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 207,
"end_token_idx": 210,
"identifier": "/wiki/Artie_Shaw",
"tokens": [
"art",
"##ie",
"shaw"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 290,
"end_token_idx": 292,
"identifier": "/wiki/Teddy_Wilson",
"tokens": [
"teddy",
"wilson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 297,
"end_token_idx": 299,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lionel_Hampton",
"tokens": [
"lionel",
"hampton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 301,
"end_token_idx": 303,
"identifier": "/wiki/Charlie_Christian",
"tokens": [
"charlie",
"christian"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 320,
"end_token_idx": 322,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lester_Young",
"tokens": [
"lester",
"young"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 350,
"end_token_idx": 352,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jump_blues",
"tokens": [
"jump",
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 369,
"end_token_idx": 373,
"identifier": "/wiki/Boogie_woogie_(music)",
"tokens": [
"boogie",
"-",
"woo",
"##gie"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 387,
"end_token_idx": 389,
"identifier": "/wiki/Duke_Ellington",
"tokens": [
"duke",
"ellington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 431,
"end_token_idx": 433,
"identifier": "/wiki/Musical_form",
"tokens": [
"musical",
"form"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 449,
"end_token_idx": 450,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hit_single",
"tokens": [
"hits"
]
}
] | [
101,
24339,
2011,
9143,
1005,
1055,
2316,
15416,
1006,
2164,
1037,
2402,
11608,
13835,
1007,
1010,
5015,
1000,
10551,
1010,
2358,
7716,
6292,
1000,
1010,
2007,
1000,
12181,
2100,
17900,
1998,
1037,
4462,
6151,
2923,
2075,
27020,
9072,
4309,
3737,
1000,
1012,
1996,
2206,
2742,
3065,
1037,
2460,
28142,
1997,
1996,
3442,
8531,
1997,
1000,
18193,
1010,
2191,
2039,
2115,
2568,
1000,
2011,
2577,
1059,
1012,
11527,
1998,
4300,
10773,
1006,
2327,
1007,
1010,
4102,
2007,
9143,
1005,
1055,
3948,
24584,
2015,
1006,
2917,
1007,
1006,
2680,
4814,
1007,
1012,
9143,
1005,
1055,
24339,
2020,
1037,
3278,
5387,
1999,
2437,
4166,
1037,
2995,
3983,
1011,
2301,
2653,
1012,
2044,
2975,
9481,
1005,
1055,
2177,
1010,
9143,
2719,
2010,
2980,
2274,
2316,
1010,
2073,
2002,
20339,
8040,
4017,
4823,
1012,
1996,
5687,
6272,
2000,
2759,
7370,
2502,
4996,
1010,
1999,
2029,
2070,
6819,
5339,
19098,
6499,
27516,
2150,
2004,
3297,
2004,
1996,
2316,
4177,
1012,
3145,
4481,
1999,
4975,
1996,
1000,
2502,
1000,
4166,
2316,
2443,
2316,
19000,
2015,
1998,
13981,
2015,
4175,
19021,
2666,
1010,
9298,
2655,
21293,
2100,
1010,
5261,
1998,
6838,
27332,
1010,
3804,
21630,
1010,
11945,
14514,
1010,
10589,
9481,
1010,
4656,
25445,
1010,
4302,
2508,
1010,
24671,
11320,
5897,
3877,
1010,
9465,
4679,
1998,
2396,
2666,
8233,
1012,
2348,
2009,
2001,
1037,
7268,
2614,
1010,
7370,
2036,
3253,
3265,
5389,
1037,
3382,
2000,
1000,
3948,
1000,
1998,
17727,
12298,
5562,
17187,
1010,
23539,
24339,
2029,
2071,
2012,
2335,
2022,
3375,
1000,
2590,
1000,
2189,
1012,
2058,
2051,
1010,
2591,
9384,
14900,
4953,
5762,
18771,
2211,
2000,
9483,
1999,
2637,
1024,
2317,
2316,
19000,
2015,
2211,
2000,
13024,
2304,
5389,
1998,
2304,
2316,
19000,
2015,
2317,
3924,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
5687,
1010,
11945,
14514,
5086,
9066,
11389,
4267,
1010,
6819,
10024,
20846,
2923,
14377,
11615,
1998,
5990,
4918,
3017,
2000,
3693,
2235,
2967,
1012,
1999,
1996,
5687,
1010,
5111,
2103,
4166,
2004,
28593,
2011,
9534,
19977,
14131,
2402,
4417,
1996,
6653,
2013,
2502,
4996,
2000,
1996,
2022,
5092,
2361,
3747,
1997,
1996,
7675,
1012,
2019,
2220,
7675,
2806,
2124,
2004,
1000,
8660,
1996,
5132,
1000,
2030,
5376,
5132,
2109,
2235,
25025,
2015,
1010,
2039,
18532,
6873,
2189,
1998,
5132,
13924,
14967,
2015,
1010,
5059,
2006,
21495,
1011,
15854,
11239,
2013,
1996,
5687,
1012,
2096,
7370,
2001,
4285,
1996,
4578,
1997,
2049,
6217,
1010,
3804,
21630,
2985,
1996,
2397,
6641,
1998,
5687,
1999,
2899,
1010,
1040,
1012,
1039,
1005,
1055,
4166,
3496,
1010,
4975,
2019,
9525,
3315,
8909,
18994,
2005,
2010,
4032,
1012,
19816,
1996,
12472,
1997,
7370,
1010,
2002,
20918,
2007,
13533,
4165,
1010,
9396,
1010,
1998,
3315,
2433,
2007,
3375,
9265,
2008,
2145,
5421,
2092,
2005,
2759,
9501,
1025,
2070,
1997,
2010,
13281,
2150,
4978,
1010,
1998,
2010,
2219,
6217,
18212,
2013,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2000,
2885,
1012,
21630,
2170,
2010,
2189,
2137,
2189,
1010,
2738,
2084,
4166,
1010,
1998,
4669,
2000,
6235,
2216,
2040,
7622,
2032,
2004,
1000,
3458,
4696,
1000,
1012,
2122,
2443,
2116,
5389,
2013,
2010,
4032,
1010,
2070,
1997,
3183,
2024,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"considered",
"among",
"the",
"best",
"in",
"jazz",
"in",
"their",
"own",
"right",
",",
"but",
"it",
"was",
"ellington",
"who",
"mel",
"##ded",
"them",
"into",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"popular",
"jazz",
"orchestras",
"in",
"the",
"history",
"of",
"jazz",
".",
"he",
"often",
"composed",
"for",
"the",
"style",
"and",
"skills",
"of",
"these",
"individuals",
",",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"jeep",
"'",
"s",
"blues",
"\"",
"for",
"johnny",
"hodges",
",",
"\"",
"concerto",
"for",
"co",
"##ot",
"##ie",
"\"",
"for",
"co",
"##ot",
"##ie",
"williams",
"(",
"which",
"later",
"became",
"\"",
"do",
"nothing",
"till",
"you",
"hear",
"from",
"me",
"\"",
"with",
"bob",
"russell",
"'",
"s",
"lyrics",
")",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"the",
"mo",
"##oche",
"\"",
"for",
"tricky",
"sam",
"nan",
"##ton",
"and",
"bu",
"##bber",
"mile",
"##y",
".",
"he",
"also",
"recorded",
"compositions",
"written",
"by",
"his",
"bands",
"##men",
",",
"such",
"as",
"juan",
"ti",
"##zo",
"##l",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"caravan",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"per",
"##di",
"##do",
"\"",
",",
"which",
"brought",
"the",
"\"",
"spanish",
"ting",
"##e",
"\"",
"to",
"big",
"-",
"band",
"jazz",
".",
"several",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"orchestra",
"remained",
"with",
"him",
"for",
"several",
"decades",
".",
"the",
"band",
"reached",
"a",
"creative",
"peak",
"in",
"the",
"early",
"1940s",
",",
"when",
"ellington",
"and",
"a",
"small",
"hand",
"-",
"picked",
"group",
"of",
"his",
"composers",
"and",
"arranger",
"##s",
"wrote",
"for",
"an",
"orchestra",
"of",
"distinctive",
"voices",
"who",
"displayed",
"tremendous",
"creativity",
".",
"as",
"only",
"a",
"limited",
"number",
"of",
"american",
"jazz",
"records",
"were",
"released",
"in",
"europe",
",",
"european",
"jazz",
"traces",
"many",
"of",
"its",
"roots",
"to",
"american",
"artists",
"such",
"as",
"james",
"reese",
"europe",
",",
"paul",
"white",
"##man",
",",
"and",
"lo",
"##nni",
"##e",
"johnson",
",",
"who",
"visited",
"europe",
"during",
"and",
"after",
"world",
"war",
"i",
".",
"it",
"was",
"their",
"live",
"performances",
"which",
"inspired",
"european",
"audiences",
"'",
"interest",
"in",
"jazz",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"interest",
"in",
"all",
"things",
"american",
"(",
"and",
"therefore",
"exotic",
")",
"which",
"accompanied",
"the",
"economic",
"and",
"political",
"wo",
"##es",
"of",
"europe",
"during",
"this",
"time",
".",
"the",
"beginnings",
"of",
"a",
"distinct",
"european",
"style",
"of",
"jazz",
"began",
"to",
"emerge",
"in",
"this",
"inter",
"##war",
"period",
".",
"british",
"jazz",
"began",
"with",
"a",
"tour",
"by",
"the",
"original",
"dixie",
"##land",
"jazz",
"band",
"in",
"1919",
".",
"in",
"1926",
",",
"fred",
"eliza",
"##lde",
"and",
"his",
"cambridge",
"undergraduate",
"##s",
"began",
"broadcasting",
"on",
"the",
"bbc",
".",
"thereafter",
"jazz",
"became",
"an",
"important",
"element",
"in",
"many",
"leading",
"dance",
"orchestras",
",",
"and",
"jazz",
"instrumentalist",
"##s",
"became",
"numerous",
".",
"this",
"style",
"entered",
"full",
"swing",
"in",
"france",
"with",
"the",
"quintet",
"##te",
"du",
"hot",
"club",
"de",
"france",
",",
"which",
"began",
"in",
"1934",
".",
"much",
"of",
"this",
"french",
"jazz",
"was",
"a",
"combination",
"of",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"jazz",
"and",
"the",
"symphonic",
"styles",
"in",
"which",
"french",
"musicians",
"were",
"well",
"-",
"trained",
";",
"in",
"this",
",",
"it",
"is",
"easy",
"to",
"see",
"the",
"inspiration",
"taken",
"from",
"paul",
"white",
"##man",
"since",
"his",
"style",
"was",
"also",
"a",
"fusion",
"of",
"the",
"two",
".",
"belgian",
"guitarist",
"dj",
"##ango",
"rein",
"##hardt",
"popularized",
"gypsy",
"jazz",
",",
"a",
"mix",
"of",
"1930s",
"american",
"swing",
",",
"french",
"dance",
"hall",
"\"",
"muse",
"##tte",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"eastern",
"european",
"folk",
"with",
"a",
"lang",
"##uid",
",",
"seductive",
"feel",
";",
"the",
"main",
"instruments",
"were",
"steel",
"string",
"##ed",
"guitar",
",",
"violin",
",",
"and",
"double",
"bass",
".",
"solos",
"pass",
"from",
"one",
"player",
"to",
"another",
"as",
"guitar",
"and",
"bass",
"form",
"the"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 54,
"end_token_idx": 56,
"identifier": "/wiki/Johnny_Hodges",
"tokens": [
"johnny",
"hodges"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 65,
"end_token_idx": 69,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cootie_Williams",
"tokens": [
"co",
"##ot",
"##ie",
"williams"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 74,
"end_token_idx": 81,
"identifier": "/wiki/Do_Nothing_Till_You_Hear_from_Me",
"tokens": [
"do",
"nothing",
"till",
"you",
"hear",
"from",
"me"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 83,
"end_token_idx": 85,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bob_Russell_(songwriter)",
"tokens": [
"bob",
"russell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 97,
"end_token_idx": 101,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tricky_Sam_Nanton",
"tokens": [
"tricky",
"sam",
"nan",
"##ton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 102,
"end_token_idx": 106,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bubber_Miley",
"tokens": [
"bu",
"##bber",
"mile",
"##y"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 119,
"end_token_idx": 123,
"identifier": "/wiki/Juan_Tizol",
"tokens": [
"juan",
"ti",
"##zo",
"##l"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 126,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Caravan_(1937_song)",
"tokens": [
"caravan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 130,
"end_token_idx": 133,
"identifier": "/wiki/Perdido_(song)",
"tokens": [
"per",
"##di",
"##do"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 234,
"end_token_idx": 238,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lonnie_Johnson_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"lo",
"##nni",
"##e",
"johnson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 314,
"end_token_idx": 324,
"identifier": "/wiki/Original_Dixieland_Jass_Band#London_tour",
"tokens": [
"tour",
"by",
"the",
"original",
"dixie",
"##land",
"jazz",
"band",
"in",
"1919"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 328,
"end_token_idx": 331,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fred_Elizalde",
"tokens": [
"fred",
"eliza",
"##lde"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 370,
"end_token_idx": 377,
"identifier": "/wiki/Quintette_du_Hot_Club_de_France",
"tokens": [
"quintet",
"##te",
"du",
"hot",
"club",
"de",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 437,
"end_token_idx": 441,
"identifier": "/wiki/Django_Reinhardt",
"tokens": [
"dj",
"##ango",
"rein",
"##hardt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 442,
"end_token_idx": 444,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gypsy_jazz",
"tokens": [
"gypsy",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 456,
"end_token_idx": 458,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bal-musette",
"tokens": [
"muse",
"##tte"
]
}
] | [
101,
2641,
2426,
1996,
2190,
1999,
4166,
1999,
2037,
2219,
2157,
1010,
2021,
2009,
2001,
21630,
2040,
11463,
5732,
2068,
2046,
2028,
1997,
1996,
2087,
2759,
4166,
19505,
1999,
1996,
2381,
1997,
4166,
1012,
2002,
2411,
3605,
2005,
1996,
2806,
1998,
4813,
1997,
2122,
3633,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1000,
14007,
1005,
1055,
5132,
1000,
2005,
5206,
19772,
1010,
1000,
10405,
2005,
2522,
4140,
2666,
1000,
2005,
2522,
4140,
2666,
3766,
1006,
2029,
2101,
2150,
1000,
2079,
2498,
6229,
2017,
2963,
2013,
2033,
1000,
2007,
3960,
5735,
1005,
1055,
4581,
1007,
1010,
1998,
1000,
1996,
9587,
23555,
1000,
2005,
24026,
3520,
16660,
2669,
1998,
20934,
29325,
3542,
2100,
1012,
2002,
2036,
2680,
9265,
2517,
2011,
2010,
4996,
3549,
1010,
2107,
2004,
5348,
14841,
6844,
2140,
1005,
1055,
1000,
17184,
1000,
1998,
1000,
2566,
4305,
3527,
1000,
1010,
2029,
2716,
1996,
1000,
3009,
28642,
2063,
1000,
2000,
2502,
1011,
2316,
4166,
1012,
2195,
2372,
1997,
1996,
4032,
2815,
2007,
2032,
2005,
2195,
5109,
1012,
1996,
2316,
2584,
1037,
5541,
4672,
1999,
1996,
2220,
7675,
1010,
2043,
21630,
1998,
1037,
2235,
2192,
1011,
3856,
2177,
1997,
2010,
9929,
1998,
13981,
2015,
2626,
2005,
2019,
4032,
1997,
8200,
5755,
2040,
6913,
14388,
14842,
1012,
2004,
2069,
1037,
3132,
2193,
1997,
2137,
4166,
2636,
2020,
2207,
1999,
2885,
1010,
2647,
4166,
10279,
2116,
1997,
2049,
6147,
2000,
2137,
3324,
2107,
2004,
2508,
15883,
2885,
1010,
2703,
2317,
2386,
1010,
1998,
8840,
23500,
2063,
3779,
1010,
2040,
4716,
2885,
2076,
1998,
2044,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1012,
2009,
2001,
2037,
2444,
4616,
2029,
4427,
2647,
9501,
1005,
3037,
1999,
4166,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
1996,
3037,
1999,
2035,
2477,
2137,
1006,
1998,
3568,
12564,
1007,
2029,
5642,
1996,
3171,
1998,
2576,
24185,
2229,
1997,
2885,
2076,
2023,
2051,
1012,
1996,
16508,
1997,
1037,
5664,
2647,
2806,
1997,
4166,
2211,
2000,
12636,
1999,
2023,
6970,
9028,
2558,
1012,
2329,
4166,
2211,
2007,
1037,
2778,
2011,
1996,
2434,
18910,
3122,
4166,
2316,
1999,
4529,
1012,
1999,
4881,
1010,
5965,
13234,
17920,
1998,
2010,
4729,
8324,
2015,
2211,
5062,
2006,
1996,
4035,
1012,
6920,
4166,
2150,
2019,
2590,
5783,
1999,
2116,
2877,
3153,
19505,
1010,
1998,
4166,
29253,
2015,
2150,
3365,
1012,
2023,
2806,
3133,
2440,
7370,
1999,
2605,
2007,
1996,
18109,
2618,
4241,
2980,
2252,
2139,
2605,
1010,
2029,
2211,
1999,
4579,
1012,
2172,
1997,
2023,
2413,
4166,
2001,
1037,
5257,
1997,
3060,
1011,
2137,
4166,
1998,
1996,
18957,
6782,
1999,
2029,
2413,
5389,
2020,
2092,
1011,
4738,
1025,
1999,
2023,
1010,
2009,
2003,
3733,
2000,
2156,
1996,
7780,
2579,
2013,
2703,
2317,
2386,
2144,
2010,
2806,
2001,
2036,
1037,
10077,
1997,
1996,
2048,
1012,
6995,
5990,
6520,
23422,
27788,
13778,
20339,
16006,
4166,
1010,
1037,
4666,
1997,
5687,
2137,
7370,
1010,
2413,
3153,
2534,
1000,
18437,
4674,
1000,
1010,
1998,
2789,
2647,
5154,
2007,
1037,
11374,
21272,
1010,
23182,
2514,
1025,
1996,
2364,
5693,
2020,
3886,
5164,
2098,
2858,
1010,
6710,
1010,
1998,
3313,
3321,
1012,
24339,
3413,
2013,
2028,
2447,
2000,
2178,
2004,
2858,
1998,
3321,
2433,
1996,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"rhythm",
"section",
".",
"some",
"researchers",
"believe",
"eddie",
"lang",
"and",
"joe",
"ve",
"##nut",
"##i",
"pioneered",
"the",
"guitar",
"-",
"violin",
"partnership",
"characteristic",
"of",
"the",
"genre",
",",
"which",
"was",
"brought",
"to",
"france",
"after",
"they",
"had",
"been",
"heard",
"live",
"or",
"on",
"ok",
"##eh",
"records",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1920s",
".",
"the",
"outbreak",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"marked",
"a",
"turning",
"point",
"for",
"jazz",
".",
"the",
"swing",
"-",
"era",
"jazz",
"of",
"the",
"previous",
"decade",
"had",
"challenged",
"other",
"popular",
"music",
"as",
"being",
"representative",
"of",
"the",
"nation",
"'",
"s",
"culture",
",",
"with",
"big",
"bands",
"reaching",
"the",
"height",
"of",
"the",
"style",
"'",
"s",
"success",
"by",
"the",
"early",
"1940s",
";",
"swing",
"acts",
"and",
"big",
"bands",
"traveled",
"with",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"military",
"overseas",
"to",
"europe",
",",
"where",
"it",
"also",
"became",
"popular",
".",
"states",
"##ide",
",",
"however",
",",
"the",
"war",
"presented",
"difficulties",
"for",
"the",
"big",
"-",
"band",
"format",
":",
"conscription",
"shortened",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"musicians",
"available",
";",
"the",
"military",
"'",
"s",
"need",
"for",
"shell",
"##ac",
"(",
"commonly",
"used",
"for",
"pressing",
"gram",
"##ophone",
"records",
")",
"limited",
"record",
"production",
";",
"a",
"shortage",
"of",
"rubber",
"(",
"also",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"war",
"effort",
")",
"discouraged",
"bands",
"from",
"touring",
"via",
"road",
"travel",
";",
"and",
"a",
"demand",
"by",
"the",
"musicians",
"'",
"union",
"for",
"a",
"commercial",
"recording",
"ban",
"limited",
"music",
"distribution",
"between",
"1942",
"and",
"1944",
".",
"many",
"of",
"the",
"big",
"bands",
"who",
"were",
"deprived",
"of",
"experienced",
"musicians",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"war",
"effort",
"began",
"to",
"enlist",
"young",
"players",
"who",
"were",
"below",
"the",
"age",
"for",
"conscription",
",",
"as",
"was",
"the",
"case",
"with",
"saxophonist",
"stan",
"get",
"##z",
"'",
"s",
"entry",
"in",
"a",
"band",
"as",
"a",
"teenager",
".",
"this",
"coincided",
"with",
"a",
"nationwide",
"resurgence",
"in",
"the",
"dixie",
"##land",
"style",
"of",
"pre",
"-",
"swing",
"jazz",
";",
"performers",
"such",
"as",
"clarinet",
"##ist",
"george",
"lewis",
",",
"corn",
"##eti",
"##st",
"bill",
"davis",
"##on",
",",
"and",
"tr",
"##om",
"##bon",
"##ist",
"turk",
"murphy",
"were",
"hailed",
"by",
"conservative",
"jazz",
"critics",
"as",
"more",
"authentic",
"than",
"the",
"big",
"bands",
".",
"elsewhere",
",",
"with",
"the",
"limitations",
"on",
"recording",
",",
"small",
"groups",
"of",
"young",
"musicians",
"developed",
"a",
"more",
"up",
"##tem",
"##po",
",",
"improvisation",
"##al",
"style",
"of",
"jazz",
",",
"collaborating",
"and",
"experimenting",
"with",
"new",
"ideas",
"for",
"melodic",
"development",
",",
"rhythmic",
"language",
",",
"and",
"harmonic",
"substitution",
",",
"during",
"informal",
",",
"late",
"-",
"night",
"jam",
"sessions",
"hosted",
"in",
"small",
"clubs",
"and",
"apartments",
".",
"key",
"figures",
"in",
"this",
"development",
"were",
"largely",
"based",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"and",
"included",
"pianist",
"##s",
"the",
"##lon",
"##ious",
"monk",
"and",
"bud",
"powell",
",",
"drummer",
"##s",
"max",
"roach",
"and",
"kenny",
"clarke",
",",
"saxophonist",
"charlie",
"parker",
",",
"and",
"trumpeter",
"dizzy",
"gillespie",
".",
"this",
"musical",
"development",
"became",
"known",
"as",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
".",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"and",
"subsequent",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"jazz",
"developments",
"featured",
"a",
"wider",
"set",
"of",
"notes",
",",
"played",
"in",
"more",
"complex",
"patterns",
"and",
"at",
"faster",
"tempo",
"##s",
"than",
"previous",
"jazz",
".",
"according",
"to",
"clive",
"james",
",",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"was",
"\"",
"the",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"musical",
"development",
"which",
"tried",
"to",
"ensure",
"that",
"jazz",
"would",
"no",
"longer",
"be",
"the",
"spontaneous",
"sound",
"of",
"joy",
".",
".",
".",
"students",
"of",
"race",
"relations",
"in",
"america",
"are",
"generally",
"agreed",
"that",
"the",
"expo",
"##nent",
"##s",
"of",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"jazz"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 6,
"end_token_idx": 8,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eddie_Lang",
"tokens": [
"eddie",
"lang"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 9,
"end_token_idx": 13,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_Venuti",
"tokens": [
"joe",
"ve",
"##nut",
"##i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 37,
"end_token_idx": 40,
"identifier": "/wiki/Okeh_Records",
"tokens": [
"ok",
"##eh",
"records"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 48,
"end_token_idx": 51,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"world",
"war",
"ii"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 151,
"end_token_idx": 153,
"identifier": "/wiki/Shellac",
"tokens": [
"shell",
"##ac"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 158,
"end_token_idx": 161,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gramophone_records",
"tokens": [
"gram",
"##ophone",
"records"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 242,
"end_token_idx": 245,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stan_Getz",
"tokens": [
"stan",
"get",
"##z"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 277,
"end_token_idx": 279,
"identifier": "/wiki/George_Lewis_(clarinetist)",
"tokens": [
"george",
"lewis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 283,
"end_token_idx": 286,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bill_Davison",
"tokens": [
"bill",
"davis",
"##on"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 292,
"end_token_idx": 294,
"identifier": "/wiki/Turk_Murphy",
"tokens": [
"turk",
"murphy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 348,
"end_token_idx": 350,
"identifier": "/wiki/Harmonic_substitution",
"tokens": [
"harmonic",
"substitution"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 381,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thelonious_Monk",
"tokens": [
"the",
"##lon",
"##ious",
"monk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 386,
"end_token_idx": 388,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bud_Powell",
"tokens": [
"bud",
"powell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 391,
"end_token_idx": 393,
"identifier": "/wiki/Max_Roach",
"tokens": [
"max",
"roach"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 394,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kenny_Clarke",
"tokens": [
"kenny",
"clarke"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 398,
"end_token_idx": 400,
"identifier": "/wiki/Charlie_Parker",
"tokens": [
"charlie",
"parker"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 403,
"end_token_idx": 405,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie",
"tokens": [
"dizzy",
"gillespie"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 412,
"end_token_idx": 415,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bebop",
"tokens": [
"be",
"##bo",
"##p"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 427,
"end_token_idx": 432,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bebop_scale",
"tokens": [
"a",
"wider",
"set",
"of",
"notes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 437,
"end_token_idx": 438,
"identifier": "/wiki/Melodic_pattern",
"tokens": [
"patterns"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 449,
"end_token_idx": 451,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clive_James",
"tokens": [
"clive",
"james"
]
}
] | [
101,
6348,
2930,
1012,
2070,
6950,
2903,
5752,
11374,
1998,
3533,
2310,
24072,
2072,
16193,
1996,
2858,
1011,
6710,
5386,
8281,
1997,
1996,
6907,
1010,
2029,
2001,
2716,
2000,
2605,
2044,
2027,
2018,
2042,
2657,
2444,
2030,
2006,
7929,
11106,
2636,
1999,
1996,
2397,
6641,
1012,
1996,
8293,
1997,
2088,
2162,
2462,
4417,
1037,
3810,
2391,
2005,
4166,
1012,
1996,
7370,
1011,
3690,
4166,
1997,
1996,
3025,
5476,
2018,
8315,
2060,
2759,
2189,
2004,
2108,
4387,
1997,
1996,
3842,
1005,
1055,
3226,
1010,
2007,
2502,
4996,
4285,
1996,
4578,
1997,
1996,
2806,
1005,
1055,
3112,
2011,
1996,
2220,
7675,
1025,
7370,
4490,
1998,
2502,
4996,
6158,
2007,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
2510,
6931,
2000,
2885,
1010,
2073,
2009,
2036,
2150,
2759,
1012,
2163,
5178,
1010,
2174,
1010,
1996,
2162,
3591,
8190,
2005,
1996,
2502,
1011,
2316,
4289,
1024,
26329,
12641,
1996,
2193,
1997,
5389,
2800,
1025,
1996,
2510,
1005,
1055,
2342,
2005,
5806,
6305,
1006,
4141,
2109,
2005,
7827,
13250,
25232,
2636,
1007,
3132,
2501,
2537,
1025,
1037,
15843,
1997,
8903,
1006,
2036,
2349,
2000,
1996,
2162,
3947,
1007,
22585,
4996,
2013,
6828,
3081,
2346,
3604,
1025,
1998,
1037,
5157,
2011,
1996,
5389,
1005,
2586,
2005,
1037,
3293,
3405,
7221,
3132,
2189,
4353,
2090,
3758,
1998,
3646,
1012,
2116,
1997,
1996,
2502,
4996,
2040,
2020,
17676,
1997,
5281,
5389,
2138,
1997,
1996,
2162,
3947,
2211,
2000,
28845,
2402,
2867,
2040,
2020,
2917,
1996,
2287,
2005,
26329,
1010,
2004,
2001,
1996,
2553,
2007,
19977,
9761,
2131,
2480,
1005,
1055,
4443,
1999,
1037,
2316,
2004,
1037,
10563,
1012,
2023,
18616,
2007,
1037,
9053,
26303,
1999,
1996,
18910,
3122,
2806,
1997,
3653,
1011,
7370,
4166,
1025,
9567,
2107,
2004,
12089,
2923,
2577,
4572,
1010,
9781,
20624,
3367,
3021,
4482,
2239,
1010,
1998,
19817,
5358,
11735,
2923,
22883,
7104,
2020,
16586,
2011,
4603,
4166,
4401,
2004,
2062,
14469,
2084,
1996,
2502,
4996,
1012,
6974,
1010,
2007,
1996,
12546,
2006,
3405,
1010,
2235,
2967,
1997,
2402,
5389,
2764,
1037,
2062,
2039,
18532,
6873,
1010,
24584,
2389,
2806,
1997,
4166,
1010,
20295,
1998,
23781,
2007,
2047,
4784,
2005,
17187,
2458,
1010,
14797,
2653,
1010,
1998,
19452,
20885,
1010,
2076,
11900,
1010,
2397,
1011,
2305,
9389,
6521,
4354,
1999,
2235,
4184,
1998,
9620,
1012,
3145,
4481,
1999,
2023,
2458,
2020,
4321,
2241,
1999,
2047,
2259,
1998,
2443,
9066,
2015,
1996,
7811,
6313,
8284,
1998,
13007,
8997,
1010,
7101,
2015,
4098,
20997,
1998,
8888,
8359,
1010,
19977,
4918,
6262,
1010,
1998,
28220,
14849,
21067,
1012,
2023,
3315,
2458,
2150,
2124,
2004,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1012,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1998,
4745,
2695,
1011,
2162,
4166,
8973,
2956,
1037,
7289,
2275,
1997,
3964,
1010,
2209,
1999,
2062,
3375,
7060,
1998,
2012,
5514,
13657,
2015,
2084,
3025,
4166,
1012,
2429,
2000,
14675,
2508,
1010,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2001,
1000,
1996,
2695,
1011,
2162,
3315,
2458,
2029,
2699,
2000,
5676,
2008,
4166,
2052,
2053,
2936,
2022,
1996,
17630,
2614,
1997,
6569,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2493,
1997,
2679,
4262,
1999,
2637,
2024,
3227,
3530,
2008,
1996,
16258,
21576,
2015,
1997,
2695,
1011,
2162,
4166,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"were",
"determined",
",",
"with",
"good",
"reason",
",",
"to",
"present",
"themselves",
"as",
"challenging",
"artists",
"rather",
"than",
"tame",
"entertainer",
"##s",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
"marked",
"\"",
"a",
"revival",
"of",
"the",
"spirit",
"of",
"experimentation",
"and",
"musical",
"plural",
"##ism",
"under",
"which",
"it",
"had",
"been",
"conceived",
"\"",
",",
"along",
"with",
"\"",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"a",
"decline",
"in",
"the",
"popularity",
"of",
"jazz",
"music",
"in",
"america",
"\"",
",",
"according",
"to",
"american",
"academic",
"michael",
"h",
".",
"bu",
"##rch",
"##ett",
".",
"with",
"the",
"rise",
"of",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"and",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"swing",
"era",
"after",
"the",
"war",
",",
"jazz",
"lost",
"its",
"cache",
"##t",
"as",
"pop",
"music",
".",
"vocalists",
"of",
"the",
"famous",
"big",
"bands",
"moved",
"on",
"to",
"being",
"marketed",
"and",
"performing",
"as",
"solo",
"pop",
"singers",
";",
"these",
"included",
"frank",
"sinatra",
",",
"peggy",
"lee",
",",
"dick",
"hay",
"##mes",
",",
"and",
"doris",
"day",
".",
"older",
"musicians",
"who",
"still",
"performed",
"their",
"pre",
"-",
"war",
"jazz",
",",
"such",
"as",
"armstrong",
"and",
"ellington",
",",
"were",
"gradually",
"viewed",
"in",
"the",
"mainstream",
"as",
"pass",
"##e",
".",
"other",
"younger",
"performers",
",",
"such",
"as",
"singer",
"big",
"joe",
"turner",
"and",
"saxophonist",
"louis",
"jordan",
",",
"who",
"were",
"discouraged",
"by",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"'",
"s",
"increasing",
"complexity",
",",
"pursued",
"more",
"lucrative",
"endeavors",
"in",
"rhythm",
"and",
"blues",
",",
"jump",
"blues",
",",
"and",
"eventually",
"rock",
"and",
"roll",
".",
"some",
",",
"including",
"gillespie",
",",
"composed",
"intricate",
"yet",
"dance",
"##able",
"pieces",
"for",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"musicians",
"in",
"an",
"effort",
"to",
"make",
"them",
"more",
"accessible",
",",
"but",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"largely",
"remained",
"on",
"the",
"fringe",
"##s",
"of",
"american",
"audiences",
"'",
"pu",
"##r",
"##view",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"new",
"direction",
"of",
"postwar",
"jazz",
"drew",
"a",
"wealth",
"of",
"critical",
"acclaim",
",",
"but",
"it",
"steadily",
"declined",
"in",
"popularity",
"as",
"it",
"developed",
"a",
"reputation",
"as",
"an",
"academic",
"genre",
"that",
"was",
"largely",
"inaccessible",
"to",
"mainstream",
"audiences",
"\"",
",",
"bu",
"##rch",
"##ett",
"said",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"quest",
"to",
"make",
"jazz",
"more",
"relevant",
"to",
"popular",
"audiences",
",",
"while",
"retaining",
"its",
"artistic",
"integrity",
",",
"is",
"a",
"constant",
"and",
"prevalent",
"theme",
"in",
"the",
"history",
"of",
"postwar",
"jazz",
".",
"\"",
"during",
"its",
"swing",
"period",
",",
"jazz",
"had",
"been",
"an",
"un",
"##com",
"##pl",
"##icated",
"musical",
"scene",
";",
"according",
"to",
"paul",
"try",
"##nka",
",",
"this",
"changed",
"in",
"the",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"years",
":",
"suddenly",
"jazz",
"was",
"no",
"longer",
"straightforward",
".",
"there",
"was",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"and",
"its",
"variants",
",",
"there",
"was",
"the",
"last",
"gasp",
"of",
"swing",
",",
"there",
"were",
"strange",
"new",
"brew",
"##s",
"like",
"the",
"progressive",
"jazz",
"of",
"stan",
"kenton",
",",
"and",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"completely",
"new",
"phenomenon",
"called",
"revival",
"##ism",
"–",
"the",
"red",
"##is",
"##co",
"##very",
"of",
"jazz",
"from",
"the",
"past",
",",
"either",
"on",
"old",
"records",
"or",
"performed",
"live",
"by",
"aging",
"players",
"brought",
"out",
"of",
"retirement",
".",
"from",
"now",
"on",
"it",
"was",
"no",
"good",
"saying",
"that",
"you",
"liked",
"jazz",
",",
"you",
"had",
"to",
"specify",
"what",
"kind",
"of",
"jazz",
".",
"and",
"that",
"is",
"the",
"way",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"ever",
"since",
",",
"only",
"more",
"so",
".",
"today",
",",
"the",
"word",
"'",
"jazz",
"'",
"is",
"virtually",
"meaningless",
"without",
"further",
"definition",
".",
"in",
"the",
"early",
"1940s",
",",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"-",
"style",
"performers",
"began",
"to",
"shift",
"jazz",
"from",
"dance"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 99,
"end_token_idx": 101,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pop_music",
"tokens": [
"pop",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 122,
"end_token_idx": 124,
"identifier": "/wiki/Frank_Sinatra",
"tokens": [
"frank",
"sinatra"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 125,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Peggy_Lee",
"tokens": [
"peggy",
"lee"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 128,
"end_token_idx": 131,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dick_Haymes",
"tokens": [
"dick",
"hay",
"##mes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 133,
"end_token_idx": 135,
"identifier": "/wiki/Doris_Day",
"tokens": [
"doris",
"day"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 170,
"end_token_idx": 173,
"identifier": "/wiki/Big_Joe_Turner",
"tokens": [
"big",
"joe",
"turner"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 175,
"end_token_idx": 177,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louis_Jordan",
"tokens": [
"louis",
"jordan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 199,
"end_token_idx": 201,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jump_blues",
"tokens": [
"jump",
"blues"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 204,
"end_token_idx": 207,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rock_and_roll",
"tokens": [
"rock",
"and",
"roll"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 344,
"end_token_idx": 347,
"identifier": "/wiki/Paul_Trynka",
"tokens": [
"paul",
"try",
"##nka"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 389,
"end_token_idx": 391,
"identifier": "/wiki/Progressive_jazz",
"tokens": [
"progressive",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 392,
"end_token_idx": 394,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stan_Kenton",
"tokens": [
"stan",
"kenton"
]
}
] | [
101,
2020,
4340,
1010,
2007,
2204,
3114,
1010,
2000,
2556,
3209,
2004,
10368,
3324,
2738,
2084,
24763,
21751,
2015,
1012,
1000,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
2162,
4417,
1000,
1037,
6308,
1997,
1996,
4382,
1997,
21470,
1998,
3315,
13994,
2964,
2104,
2029,
2009,
2018,
2042,
10141,
1000,
1010,
2247,
2007,
1000,
1996,
2927,
1997,
1037,
6689,
1999,
1996,
6217,
1997,
4166,
2189,
1999,
2637,
1000,
1010,
2429,
2000,
2137,
3834,
2745,
1044,
1012,
20934,
11140,
6582,
1012,
2007,
1996,
4125,
1997,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1998,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
7370,
3690,
2044,
1996,
2162,
1010,
4166,
2439,
2049,
17053,
2102,
2004,
3769,
2189,
1012,
27478,
1997,
1996,
3297,
2502,
4996,
2333,
2006,
2000,
2108,
11625,
1998,
4488,
2004,
3948,
3769,
8453,
1025,
2122,
2443,
3581,
19643,
1010,
14911,
3389,
1010,
5980,
10974,
7834,
1010,
1998,
15467,
2154,
1012,
3080,
5389,
2040,
2145,
2864,
2037,
3653,
1011,
2162,
4166,
1010,
2107,
2004,
9143,
1998,
21630,
1010,
2020,
6360,
7021,
1999,
1996,
7731,
2004,
3413,
2063,
1012,
2060,
3920,
9567,
1010,
2107,
2004,
3220,
2502,
3533,
6769,
1998,
19977,
3434,
5207,
1010,
2040,
2020,
22585,
2011,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1005,
1055,
4852,
11619,
1010,
9505,
2062,
21115,
28809,
1999,
6348,
1998,
5132,
1010,
5376,
5132,
1010,
1998,
2776,
2600,
1998,
4897,
1012,
2070,
1010,
2164,
21067,
1010,
3605,
17796,
2664,
3153,
3085,
4109,
2005,
2022,
5092,
2361,
5389,
1999,
2019,
3947,
2000,
2191,
2068,
2062,
7801,
1010,
2021,
2022,
5092,
2361,
4321,
2815,
2006,
1996,
13548,
2015,
1997,
2137,
9501,
1005,
16405,
2099,
8584,
1012,
1000,
1996,
2047,
3257,
1997,
20013,
4166,
3881,
1037,
7177,
1997,
4187,
10761,
1010,
2021,
2009,
11328,
6430,
1999,
6217,
2004,
2009,
2764,
1037,
5891,
2004,
2019,
3834,
6907,
2008,
2001,
4321,
29104,
2000,
7731,
9501,
1000,
1010,
20934,
11140,
6582,
2056,
1012,
1000,
1996,
8795,
2000,
2191,
4166,
2062,
7882,
2000,
2759,
9501,
1010,
2096,
12823,
2049,
6018,
11109,
1010,
2003,
1037,
5377,
1998,
15157,
4323,
1999,
1996,
2381,
1997,
20013,
4166,
1012,
1000,
2076,
2049,
7370,
2558,
1010,
4166,
2018,
2042,
2019,
4895,
9006,
24759,
17872,
3315,
3496,
1025,
2429,
2000,
2703,
3046,
25804,
1010,
2023,
2904,
1999,
1996,
2695,
1011,
2162,
2086,
1024,
3402,
4166,
2001,
2053,
2936,
19647,
1012,
2045,
2001,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1998,
2049,
10176,
1010,
2045,
2001,
1996,
2197,
12008,
1997,
7370,
1010,
2045,
2020,
4326,
2047,
24702,
2015,
2066,
1996,
6555,
4166,
1997,
9761,
25446,
1010,
1998,
2045,
2001,
1037,
3294,
2047,
9575,
2170,
6308,
2964,
1516,
1996,
2417,
2483,
3597,
27900,
1997,
4166,
2013,
1996,
2627,
1010,
2593,
2006,
2214,
2636,
2030,
2864,
2444,
2011,
12520,
2867,
2716,
2041,
1997,
5075,
1012,
2013,
2085,
2006,
2009,
2001,
2053,
2204,
3038,
2008,
2017,
4669,
4166,
1010,
2017,
2018,
2000,
20648,
2054,
2785,
1997,
4166,
1012,
1998,
2008,
2003,
1996,
2126,
2009,
2038,
2042,
2412,
2144,
1010,
2069,
2062,
2061,
1012,
2651,
1010,
1996,
2773,
1005,
4166,
1005,
2003,
8990,
25120,
2302,
2582,
6210,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2220,
7675,
1010,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1011,
2806,
9567,
2211,
2000,
5670,
4166,
2013,
3153,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"##able",
"popular",
"music",
"toward",
"a",
"more",
"challenging",
"\"",
"musician",
"'",
"s",
"music",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"most",
"influential",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"musicians",
"included",
"saxophonist",
"charlie",
"parker",
",",
"pianist",
"##s",
"bud",
"powell",
"and",
"the",
"##lon",
"##ious",
"monk",
",",
"trumpeter",
"##s",
"dizzy",
"gillespie",
"and",
"clifford",
"brown",
",",
"and",
"drummer",
"max",
"roach",
".",
"di",
"##vor",
"##cing",
"itself",
"from",
"dance",
"music",
",",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"established",
"itself",
"more",
"as",
"an",
"art",
"form",
",",
"thus",
"less",
"##ening",
"its",
"potential",
"popular",
"and",
"commercial",
"appeal",
".",
"composer",
"gunther",
"sc",
"##hul",
"##ler",
"wrote",
":",
"\"",
"in",
"1943",
"i",
"heard",
"the",
"great",
"earl",
"hines",
"band",
"which",
"had",
"bird",
"in",
"it",
"and",
"all",
"those",
"other",
"great",
"musicians",
".",
"they",
"were",
"playing",
"all",
"the",
"flat",
"##ted",
"fifth",
"chords",
"and",
"all",
"the",
"modern",
"harmonies",
"and",
"substitution",
"##s",
"and",
"dizzy",
"gillespie",
"runs",
"in",
"the",
"trumpet",
"section",
"work",
".",
"two",
"years",
"later",
"i",
"read",
"that",
"that",
"was",
"'",
"bop",
"'",
"and",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"modern",
"jazz",
".",
".",
".",
"but",
"the",
"band",
"never",
"made",
"recordings",
".",
"\"",
"dizzy",
"gillespie",
"wrote",
":",
"\"",
"people",
"talk",
"about",
"the",
"hines",
"band",
"being",
"'",
"the",
"inc",
"##uba",
"##tor",
"of",
"bop",
"'",
"and",
"the",
"leading",
"expo",
"##nent",
"##s",
"of",
"that",
"music",
"ended",
"up",
"in",
"the",
"hines",
"band",
".",
"but",
"people",
"also",
"have",
"the",
"er",
"##rone",
"##ous",
"impression",
"that",
"the",
"music",
"was",
"new",
".",
"it",
"was",
"not",
".",
"the",
"music",
"evolved",
"from",
"what",
"went",
"before",
".",
"it",
"was",
"the",
"same",
"basic",
"music",
".",
"the",
"difference",
"was",
"in",
"how",
"you",
"got",
"from",
"here",
"to",
"here",
"to",
"here",
".",
".",
".",
"naturally",
"each",
"age",
"has",
"got",
"its",
"own",
"shit",
".",
"\"",
"since",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"was",
"meant",
"to",
"be",
"listened",
"to",
",",
"not",
"danced",
"to",
",",
"it",
"could",
"use",
"faster",
"tempo",
"##s",
".",
"drumming",
"shifted",
"to",
"a",
"more",
"elusive",
"and",
"explosive",
"style",
",",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"ride",
"cy",
"##mba",
"##l",
"was",
"used",
"to",
"keep",
"time",
"while",
"the",
"s",
"##nare",
"and",
"bass",
"drum",
"were",
"used",
"for",
"accents",
".",
"this",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"highly",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##ted",
"music",
"with",
"a",
"linear",
"rhythmic",
"complexity",
".",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"musicians",
"employed",
"several",
"harmonic",
"devices",
"which",
"were",
"not",
"previously",
"typical",
"in",
"jazz",
",",
"engaging",
"in",
"a",
"more",
"abstract",
"##ed",
"form",
"of",
"chord",
"-",
"based",
"improvisation",
".",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"scales",
"are",
"traditional",
"scales",
"with",
"an",
"added",
"ch",
"##romatic",
"passing",
"note",
";",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"also",
"uses",
"\"",
"passing",
"\"",
"chords",
",",
"substitute",
"chords",
",",
"and",
"altered",
"chords",
".",
"new",
"forms",
"of",
"ch",
"##romatic",
"##ism",
"and",
"di",
"##sson",
"##ance",
"were",
"introduced",
"into",
"jazz",
",",
"and",
"the",
"di",
"##sson",
"##ant",
"tri",
"##tone",
"(",
"or",
"\"",
"flat",
"##ted",
"fifth",
"\"",
")",
"interval",
"became",
"the",
"\"",
"most",
"important",
"interval",
"of",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"\"",
"chord",
"progression",
"##s",
"for",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"tunes",
"were",
"often",
"taken",
"directly",
"from",
"popular",
"swing",
"-",
"era",
"tunes",
"and",
"reused",
"with",
"a",
"new",
"and",
"more",
"complex",
"melody",
"or",
"re",
"##har",
"##mon",
"##ized",
"with",
"more",
"complex",
"chord",
"progression",
"##s",
"to",
"form",
"new",
"compositions",
",",
"a",
"practice",
"which",
"was",
"already",
"well",
"-",
"established",
"in",
"earlier",
"jazz",
",",
"but",
"came",
"to",
"be",
"central",
"to",
"the",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"style",
".",
"be"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 28,
"end_token_idx": 30,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bud_Powell",
"tokens": [
"bud",
"powell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 31,
"end_token_idx": 35,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thelonious_Monk",
"tokens": [
"the",
"##lon",
"##ious",
"monk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 41,
"end_token_idx": 43,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clifford_Brown",
"tokens": [
"clifford",
"brown"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 46,
"end_token_idx": 48,
"identifier": "/wiki/Max_Roach",
"tokens": [
"max",
"roach"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 79,
"end_token_idx": 83,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gunther_Schuller",
"tokens": [
"gunther",
"sc",
"##hul",
"##ler"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 293,
"end_token_idx": 297,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ride_cymbal",
"tokens": [
"ride",
"cy",
"##mba",
"##l"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Substitute_chord",
"tokens": [
"substitute",
"chords"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 387,
"end_token_idx": 389,
"identifier": "/wiki/Altered_chord",
"tokens": [
"altered",
"chords"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 393,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chromaticism",
"tokens": [
"ch",
"##romatic",
"##ism"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 397,
"end_token_idx": 400,
"identifier": "/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance",
"tokens": [
"di",
"##sson",
"##ance"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 410,
"end_token_idx": 412,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tritone",
"tokens": [
"tri",
"##tone"
]
}
] | [
101,
3085,
2759,
2189,
2646,
1037,
2062,
10368,
1000,
5455,
1005,
1055,
2189,
1000,
1012,
1996,
2087,
6383,
2022,
5092,
2361,
5389,
2443,
19977,
4918,
6262,
1010,
9066,
2015,
13007,
8997,
1998,
1996,
7811,
6313,
8284,
1010,
28220,
2015,
14849,
21067,
1998,
13894,
2829,
1010,
1998,
7101,
4098,
20997,
1012,
4487,
14550,
6129,
2993,
2013,
3153,
2189,
1010,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2511,
2993,
2062,
2004,
2019,
2396,
2433,
1010,
2947,
2625,
7406,
2049,
4022,
2759,
1998,
3293,
5574,
1012,
4543,
19384,
8040,
21886,
3917,
2626,
1024,
1000,
1999,
3826,
1045,
2657,
1996,
2307,
4656,
25445,
2316,
2029,
2018,
4743,
1999,
2009,
1998,
2035,
2216,
2060,
2307,
5389,
1012,
2027,
2020,
2652,
2035,
1996,
4257,
3064,
3587,
18495,
1998,
2035,
1996,
2715,
28594,
1998,
20885,
2015,
1998,
14849,
21067,
3216,
1999,
1996,
9368,
2930,
2147,
1012,
2048,
2086,
2101,
1045,
3191,
2008,
2008,
2001,
1005,
29432,
1005,
1998,
1996,
2927,
1997,
2715,
4166,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2021,
1996,
2316,
2196,
2081,
5633,
1012,
1000,
14849,
21067,
2626,
1024,
1000,
2111,
2831,
2055,
1996,
25445,
2316,
2108,
1005,
1996,
4297,
19761,
4263,
1997,
29432,
1005,
1998,
1996,
2877,
16258,
21576,
2015,
1997,
2008,
2189,
3092,
2039,
1999,
1996,
25445,
2316,
1012,
2021,
2111,
2036,
2031,
1996,
9413,
20793,
3560,
8605,
2008,
1996,
2189,
2001,
2047,
1012,
2009,
2001,
2025,
1012,
1996,
2189,
7964,
2013,
2054,
2253,
2077,
1012,
2009,
2001,
1996,
2168,
3937,
2189,
1012,
1996,
4489,
2001,
1999,
2129,
2017,
2288,
2013,
2182,
2000,
2182,
2000,
2182,
1012,
1012,
1012,
8100,
2169,
2287,
2038,
2288,
2049,
2219,
4485,
1012,
1000,
2144,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2001,
3214,
2000,
2022,
7791,
2000,
1010,
2025,
10948,
2000,
1010,
2009,
2071,
2224,
5514,
13657,
2015,
1012,
22980,
5429,
2000,
1037,
2062,
26475,
1998,
11355,
2806,
1010,
1999,
2029,
1996,
4536,
22330,
11201,
2140,
2001,
2109,
2000,
2562,
2051,
2096,
1996,
1055,
26148,
1998,
3321,
6943,
2020,
2109,
2005,
24947,
1012,
2023,
2419,
2000,
1037,
3811,
26351,
29477,
3064,
2189,
2007,
1037,
7399,
14797,
11619,
1012,
2022,
5092,
2361,
5389,
4846,
2195,
19452,
5733,
2029,
2020,
2025,
3130,
5171,
1999,
4166,
1010,
11973,
1999,
1037,
2062,
10061,
2098,
2433,
1997,
13924,
1011,
2241,
24584,
1012,
2022,
5092,
2361,
9539,
2024,
3151,
9539,
2007,
2019,
2794,
10381,
23645,
4458,
3602,
1025,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2036,
3594,
1000,
4458,
1000,
18495,
1010,
7681,
18495,
1010,
1998,
8776,
18495,
1012,
2047,
3596,
1997,
10381,
23645,
2964,
1998,
4487,
7092,
6651,
2020,
3107,
2046,
4166,
1010,
1998,
1996,
4487,
7092,
4630,
13012,
5524,
1006,
2030,
1000,
4257,
3064,
3587,
1000,
1007,
13483,
2150,
1996,
1000,
2087,
2590,
13483,
1997,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1000,
13924,
14967,
2015,
2005,
2022,
5092,
2361,
13281,
2020,
2411,
2579,
3495,
2013,
2759,
7370,
1011,
3690,
13281,
1998,
26513,
2007,
1037,
2047,
1998,
2062,
3375,
8531,
2030,
2128,
8167,
8202,
3550,
2007,
2062,
3375,
13924,
14967,
2015,
2000,
2433,
2047,
9265,
1010,
1037,
3218,
2029,
2001,
2525,
2092,
1011,
2511,
1999,
3041,
4166,
1010,
2021,
2234,
2000,
2022,
2430,
2000,
1996,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2806,
1012,
2022,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"##bo",
"##p",
"made",
"use",
"of",
"several",
"relatively",
"common",
"chord",
"progression",
"##s",
",",
"such",
"as",
"blues",
"(",
"at",
"base",
",",
"i",
"–",
"iv",
"–",
"v",
",",
"but",
"often",
"infused",
"with",
"ii",
"–",
"v",
"motion",
")",
"and",
"\"",
"rhythm",
"changes",
"\"",
"(",
"i",
"-",
"vi",
"-",
"ii",
"-",
"v",
")",
"–",
"the",
"chords",
"to",
"the",
"1930s",
"pop",
"standard",
"\"",
"i",
"got",
"rhythm",
"\"",
".",
"late",
"bop",
"also",
"moved",
"towards",
"extended",
"forms",
"that",
"represented",
"a",
"departure",
"from",
"pop",
"and",
"show",
"tunes",
".",
"the",
"harmonic",
"development",
"in",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"is",
"often",
"traced",
"back",
"to",
"a",
"moment",
"experienced",
"by",
"charlie",
"parker",
"while",
"performing",
"\"",
"cherokee",
"\"",
"at",
"clark",
"monroe",
"'",
"s",
"uptown",
"house",
",",
"new",
"york",
",",
"in",
"early",
"1942",
".",
"\"",
"i",
"'",
"d",
"been",
"getting",
"bored",
"with",
"the",
"stereo",
"##type",
"##d",
"changes",
"that",
"were",
"being",
"used",
".",
".",
".",
"and",
"i",
"kept",
"thinking",
"there",
"'",
"s",
"bound",
"to",
"be",
"something",
"else",
".",
"i",
"could",
"hear",
"it",
"sometimes",
".",
"i",
"couldn",
"'",
"t",
"play",
"it",
".",
".",
".",
"i",
"was",
"working",
"over",
"'",
"cherokee",
",",
"'",
"and",
",",
"as",
"i",
"did",
",",
"i",
"found",
"that",
"by",
"using",
"the",
"higher",
"intervals",
"of",
"a",
"chord",
"as",
"a",
"melody",
"line",
"and",
"backing",
"them",
"with",
"appropriately",
"related",
"changes",
",",
"i",
"could",
"play",
"the",
"thing",
"i",
"'",
"d",
"been",
"hearing",
".",
"it",
"came",
"alive",
".",
"\"",
"gerhard",
"ku",
"##bi",
"##k",
"post",
"##ulates",
"that",
"harmonic",
"development",
"in",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"sprang",
"from",
"blues",
"and",
"african",
"-",
"related",
"ton",
"##al",
"sen",
"##si",
"##bilities",
"rather",
"than",
"20th",
"-",
"century",
"western",
"classical",
"music",
".",
"\"",
"auditory",
"inclination",
"##s",
"were",
"the",
"african",
"legacy",
"in",
"[",
"parker",
"'",
"s",
"]",
"life",
",",
"rec",
"##on",
"##firmed",
"by",
"the",
"experience",
"of",
"the",
"blues",
"ton",
"##al",
"system",
",",
"a",
"sound",
"world",
"at",
"odds",
"with",
"the",
"western",
"dia",
"##tonic",
"chord",
"categories",
".",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"musicians",
"eliminated",
"western",
"-",
"style",
"functional",
"harmony",
"in",
"their",
"music",
"while",
"retaining",
"the",
"strong",
"central",
"ton",
"##ality",
"of",
"the",
"blues",
"as",
"a",
"basis",
"for",
"drawing",
"upon",
"various",
"african",
"matrices",
".",
"\"",
"samuel",
"floyd",
"states",
"that",
"blues",
"was",
"both",
"the",
"bedrock",
"and",
"prop",
"##elling",
"force",
"of",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
",",
"bringing",
"about",
"a",
"new",
"harmonic",
"conception",
"using",
"extended",
"chord",
"structures",
"that",
"led",
"to",
"unprecedented",
"harmonic",
"and",
"melodic",
"variety",
",",
"a",
"developed",
"and",
"even",
"more",
"highly",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##ted",
",",
"linear",
"rhythmic",
"complexity",
"and",
"a",
"melodic",
"angular",
"##ity",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"blue",
"note",
"of",
"the",
"fifth",
"degree",
"was",
"established",
"as",
"an",
"important",
"melodic",
"-",
"harmonic",
"device",
";",
"and",
"rees",
"##ta",
"##bl",
"##ishment",
"of",
"the",
"blues",
"as",
"the",
"primary",
"organizing",
"and",
"functional",
"principle",
".",
"ku",
"##bi",
"##k",
"wrote",
":",
"while",
"for",
"an",
"outside",
"observer",
",",
"the",
"harmonic",
"innovations",
"in",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"would",
"appear",
"to",
"be",
"inspired",
"by",
"experiences",
"in",
"western",
"\"",
"serious",
"\"",
"music",
",",
"from",
"claude",
"de",
"##bus",
"##sy",
"to",
"arnold",
"sc",
"##hoe",
"##nberg",
",",
"such",
"a",
"scheme",
"cannot",
"be",
"sustained",
"by",
"the",
"evidence",
"from",
"a",
"cognitive",
"approach",
".",
"claude",
"de",
"##bus",
"##sy",
"did",
"have",
"some",
"influence",
"on",
"jazz",
",",
"for",
"example",
",",
"on",
"bi",
"##x",
"bei",
"##der",
"##beck",
"##e",
"'",
"s",
"piano",
"playing"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 36,
"end_token_idx": 38,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rhythm_changes",
"tokens": [
"rhythm",
"changes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 57,
"end_token_idx": 60,
"identifier": "/wiki/I_Got_Rhythm",
"tokens": [
"i",
"got",
"rhythm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 103,
"end_token_idx": 109,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clark_Monroe%27s_Uptown_House",
"tokens": [
"clark",
"monroe",
"'",
"s",
"uptown",
"house"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 218,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gerhard_Kubik",
"tokens": [
"gerhard",
"ku",
"##bi",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 235,
"end_token_idx": 243,
"identifier": "/wiki/Traditional_sub-Saharan_African_harmony",
"tokens": [
"african",
"-",
"related",
"ton",
"##al",
"sen",
"##si",
"##bilities"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 451,
"end_token_idx": 455,
"identifier": "/wiki/Claude_Debussy",
"tokens": [
"claude",
"de",
"##bus",
"##sy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 456,
"end_token_idx": 460,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg",
"tokens": [
"arnold",
"sc",
"##hoe",
"##nberg"
]
}
] | [
101,
5092,
2361,
2081,
2224,
1997,
2195,
4659,
2691,
13924,
14967,
2015,
1010,
2107,
2004,
5132,
1006,
2012,
2918,
1010,
1045,
1516,
4921,
1516,
1058,
1010,
2021,
2411,
29592,
2007,
2462,
1516,
1058,
4367,
1007,
1998,
1000,
6348,
3431,
1000,
1006,
1045,
1011,
6819,
1011,
2462,
1011,
1058,
1007,
1516,
1996,
18495,
2000,
1996,
5687,
3769,
3115,
1000,
1045,
2288,
6348,
1000,
1012,
2397,
29432,
2036,
2333,
2875,
3668,
3596,
2008,
3421,
1037,
6712,
2013,
3769,
1998,
2265,
13281,
1012,
1996,
19452,
2458,
1999,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2003,
2411,
9551,
2067,
2000,
1037,
2617,
5281,
2011,
4918,
6262,
2096,
4488,
1000,
13796,
1000,
2012,
5215,
9747,
1005,
1055,
28539,
2160,
1010,
2047,
2259,
1010,
1999,
2220,
3758,
1012,
1000,
1045,
1005,
1040,
2042,
2893,
11471,
2007,
1996,
12991,
13874,
2094,
3431,
2008,
2020,
2108,
2109,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1998,
1045,
2921,
3241,
2045,
1005,
1055,
5391,
2000,
2022,
2242,
2842,
1012,
1045,
2071,
2963,
2009,
2823,
1012,
1045,
2481,
1005,
1056,
2377,
2009,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1045,
2001,
2551,
2058,
1005,
13796,
1010,
1005,
1998,
1010,
2004,
1045,
2106,
1010,
1045,
2179,
2008,
2011,
2478,
1996,
3020,
14025,
1997,
1037,
13924,
2004,
1037,
8531,
2240,
1998,
5150,
2068,
2007,
23263,
3141,
3431,
1010,
1045,
2071,
2377,
1996,
2518,
1045,
1005,
1040,
2042,
4994,
1012,
2009,
2234,
4142,
1012,
1000,
21037,
13970,
5638,
2243,
2695,
18969,
2008,
19452,
2458,
1999,
2022,
5092,
2361,
15627,
2013,
5132,
1998,
3060,
1011,
3141,
10228,
2389,
12411,
5332,
14680,
2738,
2084,
3983,
1011,
2301,
2530,
4556,
2189,
1012,
1000,
28042,
21970,
2015,
2020,
1996,
3060,
8027,
1999,
1031,
6262,
1005,
1055,
1033,
2166,
1010,
28667,
2239,
23141,
2011,
1996,
3325,
1997,
1996,
5132,
10228,
2389,
2291,
1010,
1037,
2614,
2088,
2012,
10238,
2007,
1996,
2530,
22939,
25009,
13924,
7236,
1012,
2022,
5092,
2361,
5389,
5892,
2530,
1011,
2806,
8360,
9396,
1999,
2037,
2189,
2096,
12823,
1996,
2844,
2430,
10228,
23732,
1997,
1996,
5132,
2004,
1037,
3978,
2005,
5059,
2588,
2536,
3060,
21520,
1012,
1000,
5212,
12305,
2163,
2008,
5132,
2001,
2119,
1996,
28272,
1998,
17678,
23918,
2486,
1997,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1010,
5026,
2055,
1037,
2047,
19452,
13120,
2478,
3668,
13924,
5090,
2008,
2419,
2000,
15741,
19452,
1998,
17187,
3528,
1010,
1037,
2764,
1998,
2130,
2062,
3811,
26351,
29477,
3064,
1010,
7399,
14797,
11619,
1998,
1037,
17187,
16108,
3012,
1999,
2029,
1996,
2630,
3602,
1997,
1996,
3587,
3014,
2001,
2511,
2004,
2019,
2590,
17187,
1011,
19452,
5080,
1025,
1998,
22131,
2696,
16558,
21808,
1997,
1996,
5132,
2004,
1996,
3078,
10863,
1998,
8360,
6958,
1012,
13970,
5638,
2243,
2626,
1024,
2096,
2005,
2019,
2648,
9718,
1010,
1996,
19452,
15463,
1999,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2052,
3711,
2000,
2022,
4427,
2011,
6322,
1999,
2530,
1000,
3809,
1000,
2189,
1010,
2013,
8149,
2139,
8286,
6508,
2000,
7779,
8040,
14490,
11144,
1010,
2107,
1037,
5679,
3685,
2022,
8760,
2011,
1996,
3350,
2013,
1037,
10699,
3921,
1012,
8149,
2139,
8286,
6508,
2106,
2031,
2070,
3747,
2006,
4166,
1010,
2005,
2742,
1010,
2006,
12170,
2595,
21388,
4063,
12750,
2063,
1005,
1055,
3682,
2652,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
".",
"and",
"it",
"is",
"also",
"true",
"that",
"duke",
"ellington",
"adopted",
"and",
"rein",
"##ter",
"##pre",
"##ted",
"some",
"harmonic",
"devices",
"in",
"european",
"contemporary",
"music",
".",
"west",
"coast",
"jazz",
"would",
"run",
"into",
"such",
"debts",
"as",
"would",
"several",
"forms",
"of",
"cool",
"jazz",
",",
"but",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"has",
"hardly",
"any",
"such",
"debts",
"in",
"the",
"sense",
"of",
"direct",
"borrowing",
"##s",
".",
"on",
"the",
"contrary",
",",
"ideological",
"##ly",
",",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"was",
"a",
"strong",
"statement",
"of",
"rejection",
"of",
"any",
"kind",
"of",
"eclectic",
"##ism",
",",
"propelled",
"by",
"a",
"desire",
"to",
"activate",
"something",
"deeply",
"buried",
"in",
"self",
".",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"then",
"revived",
"ton",
"##al",
"-",
"harmonic",
"ideas",
"transmitted",
"through",
"the",
"blues",
"and",
"reconstructed",
"and",
"expanded",
"others",
"in",
"a",
"basically",
"non",
"-",
"western",
"harmonic",
"approach",
".",
"the",
"ultimate",
"significance",
"of",
"all",
"this",
"is",
"that",
"the",
"experiments",
"in",
"jazz",
"during",
"the",
"1940s",
"brought",
"back",
"to",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"music",
"several",
"structural",
"principles",
"and",
"techniques",
"rooted",
"in",
"african",
"traditions",
".",
"these",
"diver",
"##gence",
"##s",
"from",
"the",
"jazz",
"mainstream",
"of",
"the",
"time",
"met",
"a",
"divided",
",",
"sometimes",
"hostile",
"response",
"among",
"fans",
"and",
"musicians",
",",
"especially",
"swing",
"players",
"who",
"br",
"##istle",
"##d",
"at",
"the",
"new",
"harmonic",
"sounds",
".",
"to",
"hostile",
"critics",
",",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"seemed",
"filled",
"with",
"\"",
"racing",
",",
"nervous",
"phrases",
"\"",
".",
"but",
"despite",
"the",
"friction",
",",
"by",
"the",
"1950s",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"had",
"become",
"an",
"accepted",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"jazz",
"vocabulary",
".",
"the",
"general",
"consensus",
"among",
"musicians",
"and",
"music",
"##ologists",
"is",
"that",
"the",
"first",
"original",
"jazz",
"piece",
"to",
"be",
"over",
"##tly",
"based",
"in",
"cl",
"##ave",
"was",
"\"",
"tang",
"##a",
"\"",
"(",
"1943",
")",
",",
"composed",
"by",
"cuban",
"-",
"born",
"mario",
"ba",
"##uz",
"##a",
"and",
"recorded",
"by",
"mach",
"##ito",
"and",
"his",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"##s",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"city",
".",
"\"",
"tang",
"##a",
"\"",
"began",
"as",
"a",
"spontaneous",
"des",
"##car",
"##ga",
"(",
"cuban",
"jam",
"session",
")",
",",
"with",
"jazz",
"solos",
"super",
"##im",
"##posed",
"on",
"top",
".",
"this",
"was",
"the",
"birth",
"of",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz",
".",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"cl",
"##ave",
"brought",
"the",
"african",
"timeline",
",",
"or",
"key",
"pattern",
",",
"into",
"jazz",
".",
"music",
"organized",
"around",
"key",
"patterns",
"convey",
"a",
"two",
"-",
"cell",
"##ed",
"(",
"binary",
")",
"structure",
",",
"which",
"is",
"a",
"complex",
"level",
"of",
"african",
"cross",
"-",
"rhythm",
".",
"within",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"jazz",
",",
"however",
",",
"harmony",
"is",
"the",
"primary",
"refer",
"##ent",
",",
"not",
"rhythm",
".",
"the",
"harmonic",
"progression",
"can",
"begin",
"on",
"either",
"side",
"of",
"cl",
"##ave",
",",
"and",
"the",
"harmonic",
"\"",
"one",
"\"",
"is",
"always",
"understood",
"to",
"be",
"\"",
"one",
"\"",
".",
"if",
"the",
"progression",
"begins",
"on",
"the",
"\"",
"three",
"-",
"side",
"\"",
"of",
"cl",
"##ave",
",",
"it",
"is",
"said",
"to",
"be",
"in",
"3",
"–",
"2",
"cl",
"##ave",
"(",
"shown",
"below",
")",
".",
"if",
"the",
"progression",
"begins",
"on",
"the",
"\"",
"two",
"-",
"side",
"\"",
",",
"it",
"is",
"in",
"2",
"–",
"3",
"cl",
"##ave",
".",
"mario",
"ba",
"##uz",
"##a",
"introduced",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"inn",
"##ova",
"##tor",
"dizzy",
"gillespie",
"to",
"cuban",
"cong",
"##a",
"drummer",
"and",
"composer",
"chan",
"##o",
"po",
"##zo",
".",
"gillespie",
"and",
"po",
"##zo",
"'",
"s",
"brief",
"collaboration",
"produced",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"enduring",
"afro",
"-"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 137,
"end_token_idx": 141,
"identifier": "/wiki/African-American_music",
"tokens": [
"african",
"-",
"american",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 266,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mario_Bauza",
"tokens": [
"mario",
"ba",
"##uz",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 271,
"identifier": "/wiki/Machito",
"tokens": [
"mach",
"##ito"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 290,
"end_token_idx": 293,
"identifier": "/wiki/Descarga",
"tokens": [
"des",
"##car",
"##ga"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 313,
"end_token_idx": 317,
"identifier": "/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz",
"tokens": [
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 329,
"end_token_idx": 331,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bell_pattern",
"tokens": [
"key",
"pattern"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 358,
"end_token_idx": 361,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cross_beat",
"tokens": [
"cross",
"-",
"rhythm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 459,
"end_token_idx": 463,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mario_Bauz%C3%A1",
"tokens": [
"mario",
"ba",
"##uz",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 479,
"end_token_idx": 483,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chano_Pozo",
"tokens": [
"chan",
"##o",
"po",
"##zo"
]
}
] | [
101,
1012,
1998,
2009,
2003,
2036,
2995,
2008,
3804,
21630,
4233,
1998,
27788,
3334,
28139,
3064,
2070,
19452,
5733,
1999,
2647,
3824,
2189,
1012,
2225,
3023,
4166,
2052,
2448,
2046,
2107,
13930,
2004,
2052,
2195,
3596,
1997,
4658,
4166,
1010,
2021,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2038,
6684,
2151,
2107,
13930,
1999,
1996,
3168,
1997,
3622,
23733,
2015,
1012,
2006,
1996,
10043,
1010,
17859,
2135,
1010,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2001,
1037,
2844,
4861,
1997,
13893,
1997,
2151,
2785,
1997,
20551,
2964,
1010,
15801,
2011,
1037,
4792,
2000,
20544,
2242,
6171,
3950,
1999,
2969,
1012,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2059,
10570,
10228,
2389,
1011,
19452,
4784,
11860,
2083,
1996,
5132,
1998,
14858,
1998,
4423,
2500,
1999,
1037,
10468,
2512,
1011,
2530,
19452,
3921,
1012,
1996,
7209,
7784,
1997,
2035,
2023,
2003,
2008,
1996,
7885,
1999,
4166,
2076,
1996,
7675,
2716,
2067,
2000,
3060,
1011,
2137,
2189,
2195,
8332,
6481,
1998,
5461,
15685,
1999,
3060,
7443,
1012,
2122,
17856,
17905,
2015,
2013,
1996,
4166,
7731,
1997,
1996,
2051,
2777,
1037,
4055,
1010,
2823,
10420,
3433,
2426,
4599,
1998,
5389,
1010,
2926,
7370,
2867,
2040,
7987,
24242,
2094,
2012,
1996,
2047,
19452,
4165,
1012,
2000,
10420,
4401,
1010,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2790,
3561,
2007,
1000,
3868,
1010,
6091,
15672,
1000,
1012,
2021,
2750,
1996,
15012,
1010,
2011,
1996,
4856,
2022,
5092,
2361,
2018,
2468,
2019,
3970,
2112,
1997,
1996,
4166,
16188,
1012,
1996,
2236,
10465,
2426,
5389,
1998,
2189,
16886,
2003,
2008,
1996,
2034,
2434,
4166,
3538,
2000,
2022,
2058,
14626,
2241,
1999,
18856,
10696,
2001,
1000,
9745,
2050,
1000,
1006,
3826,
1007,
1010,
3605,
2011,
9642,
1011,
2141,
7986,
8670,
17040,
2050,
1998,
2680,
2011,
24532,
9956,
1998,
2010,
17694,
1011,
9642,
2015,
1999,
2047,
2259,
2103,
1012,
1000,
9745,
2050,
1000,
2211,
2004,
1037,
17630,
4078,
10010,
3654,
1006,
9642,
9389,
5219,
1007,
1010,
2007,
4166,
24339,
3565,
5714,
19155,
2006,
2327,
1012,
2023,
2001,
1996,
4182,
1997,
17694,
1011,
9642,
4166,
1012,
1996,
2224,
1997,
18856,
10696,
2716,
1996,
3060,
17060,
1010,
2030,
3145,
5418,
1010,
2046,
4166,
1012,
2189,
4114,
2105,
3145,
7060,
16636,
1037,
2048,
1011,
3526,
2098,
1006,
12441,
1007,
3252,
1010,
2029,
2003,
1037,
3375,
2504,
1997,
3060,
2892,
1011,
6348,
1012,
2306,
1996,
6123,
1997,
4166,
1010,
2174,
1010,
9396,
2003,
1996,
3078,
6523,
4765,
1010,
2025,
6348,
1012,
1996,
19452,
14967,
2064,
4088,
2006,
2593,
2217,
1997,
18856,
10696,
1010,
1998,
1996,
19452,
1000,
2028,
1000,
2003,
2467,
5319,
2000,
2022,
1000,
2028,
1000,
1012,
2065,
1996,
14967,
4269,
2006,
1996,
1000,
2093,
1011,
2217,
1000,
1997,
18856,
10696,
1010,
2009,
2003,
2056,
2000,
2022,
1999,
1017,
1516,
1016,
18856,
10696,
1006,
3491,
2917,
1007,
1012,
2065,
1996,
14967,
4269,
2006,
1996,
1000,
2048,
1011,
2217,
1000,
1010,
2009,
2003,
1999,
1016,
1516,
1017,
18856,
10696,
1012,
7986,
8670,
17040,
2050,
3107,
2022,
5092,
2361,
7601,
7103,
4263,
14849,
21067,
2000,
9642,
26478,
2050,
7101,
1998,
4543,
9212,
2080,
13433,
6844,
1012,
21067,
1998,
13433,
6844,
1005,
1055,
4766,
5792,
2550,
2070,
1997,
1996,
2087,
16762,
17694,
1011,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"cuban",
"jazz",
"standards",
".",
"\"",
"man",
"##tec",
"##a",
"\"",
"(",
"1947",
")",
"is",
"the",
"first",
"jazz",
"standard",
"to",
"be",
"rhythmic",
"##ally",
"based",
"on",
"cl",
"##ave",
".",
"according",
"to",
"gillespie",
",",
"po",
"##zo",
"composed",
"the",
"layered",
",",
"contra",
"##pu",
"##ntal",
"gu",
"##aj",
"##eo",
"##s",
"(",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"os",
"##tina",
"##tos",
")",
"of",
"the",
"a",
"section",
"and",
"the",
"introduction",
",",
"while",
"gillespie",
"wrote",
"the",
"bridge",
".",
"gillespie",
"recounted",
":",
"\"",
"if",
"i",
"'",
"d",
"let",
"it",
"go",
"like",
"[",
"chan",
"##o",
"]",
"wanted",
"it",
",",
"it",
"would",
"have",
"been",
"strictly",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"all",
"the",
"way",
".",
"there",
"wouldn",
"'",
"t",
"have",
"been",
"a",
"bridge",
".",
"i",
"thought",
"i",
"was",
"writing",
"an",
"eight",
"-",
"bar",
"bridge",
",",
"but",
".",
".",
".",
"i",
"had",
"to",
"keep",
"going",
"and",
"ended",
"up",
"writing",
"a",
"sixteen",
"-",
"bar",
"bridge",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"bridge",
"gave",
"\"",
"man",
"##tec",
"##a",
"\"",
"a",
"typical",
"jazz",
"harmonic",
"structure",
",",
"setting",
"the",
"piece",
"apart",
"from",
"ba",
"##uz",
"##a",
"'",
"s",
"mod",
"##al",
"\"",
"tang",
"##a",
"\"",
"of",
"a",
"few",
"years",
"earlier",
".",
"gillespie",
"'",
"s",
"collaboration",
"with",
"po",
"##zo",
"brought",
"specific",
"african",
"-",
"based",
"rhythms",
"into",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
".",
"while",
"pushing",
"the",
"boundaries",
"of",
"harmonic",
"improvisation",
",",
"cu",
"-",
"bop",
"also",
"drew",
"from",
"african",
"rhythm",
".",
"jazz",
"arrangements",
"with",
"a",
"latin",
"a",
"section",
"and",
"a",
"swung",
"b",
"section",
",",
"with",
"all",
"chorus",
"##es",
"swung",
"during",
"solos",
",",
"became",
"common",
"practice",
"with",
"many",
"latin",
"tunes",
"of",
"the",
"jazz",
"standard",
"repertoire",
".",
"this",
"approach",
"can",
"be",
"heard",
"on",
"pre",
"-",
"1980",
"recordings",
"of",
"\"",
"man",
"##tec",
"##a",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"a",
"night",
"in",
"tunisia",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"tin",
"tin",
"de",
"##o",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"on",
"green",
"dolphin",
"street",
"\"",
".",
"another",
"jazz",
"composition",
"critical",
"to",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz",
"was",
"bud",
"powell",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"un",
"po",
"##co",
"loco",
",",
"\"",
"recorded",
"with",
"curl",
"##ey",
"russell",
"on",
"bass",
"and",
"max",
"roach",
"on",
"drums",
".",
"noted",
"for",
"its",
"\"",
"fr",
"##ene",
"##tic",
"energy",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"clan",
"##ging",
"cow",
"##bell",
"and",
"poly",
"##rh",
"##yt",
"##hmi",
"##c",
"accompaniment",
",",
"\"",
"the",
"composition",
"combined",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"rhythm",
"with",
"poly",
"##ton",
"##ality",
"and",
"preceded",
"further",
"use",
"of",
"mod",
"##ality",
"and",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"harmony",
"in",
"latin",
"jazz",
".",
"cuban",
"percussion",
"##ist",
"mon",
"##go",
"santa",
"##mar",
"##ia",
"first",
"recorded",
"his",
"composition",
"\"",
"afro",
"blue",
"\"",
"in",
"1959",
".",
"\"",
"afro",
"blue",
"\"",
"was",
"the",
"first",
"jazz",
"standard",
"built",
"upon",
"a",
"typical",
"african",
"three",
"-",
"against",
"-",
"two",
"(",
"3",
":",
"2",
")",
"cross",
"-",
"rhythm",
",",
"or",
"hem",
"##iol",
"##a",
".",
"the",
"piece",
"begins",
"with",
"the",
"bass",
"repeatedly",
"playing",
"6",
"cross",
"-",
"beats",
"per",
"each",
"measure",
"of",
"128",
",",
"or",
"6",
"cross",
"-",
"beats",
"per",
"4",
"main",
"beats",
"—",
"6",
":",
"4",
"(",
"two",
"cells",
"of",
"3",
":",
"2",
")",
".",
"the",
"following",
"example",
"shows",
"the",
"original",
"os",
"##tina",
"##to",
"\"",
"afro",
"blue",
"\"",
"bass",
"line",
".",
"the",
"cross",
"note",
"##heads",
"indicate",
"the",
"main",
"beats",
"(",
"not",
"bass",
"notes",
")",
".",
"when",
"john",
"colt",
"##rane",
"covered",
"\"",
"afro",
"blue",
"\"",
"in"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 5,
"end_token_idx": 8,
"identifier": "/wiki/Manteca_(song)",
"tokens": [
"man",
"##tec",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 39,
"end_token_idx": 43,
"identifier": "/wiki/Guajeo",
"tokens": [
"gu",
"##aj",
"##eo",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 50,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ostinato",
"tokens": [
"os",
"##tina",
"##tos"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 263,
"identifier": "/wiki/A_Night_in_Tunisia",
"tokens": [
"a",
"night",
"in",
"tunisia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 274,
"end_token_idx": 278,
"identifier": "/wiki/On_Green_Dolphin_Street_(song)",
"tokens": [
"on",
"green",
"dolphin",
"street"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 298,
"end_token_idx": 302,
"identifier": "/wiki/Un_Poco_Loco",
"tokens": [
"un",
"po",
"##co",
"loco"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 306,
"end_token_idx": 309,
"identifier": "/wiki/Curley_Russell",
"tokens": [
"curl",
"##ey",
"russell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 371,
"end_token_idx": 376,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mongo_Santamaria",
"tokens": [
"mon",
"##go",
"santa",
"##mar",
"##ia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 381,
"end_token_idx": 383,
"identifier": "/wiki/Afro_Blue",
"tokens": [
"afro",
"blue"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 414,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cross-rhythm",
"tokens": [
"cross",
"-",
"rhythm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 416,
"end_token_idx": 419,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hemiola",
"tokens": [
"hem",
"##iol",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 466,
"end_token_idx": 469,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ostinato",
"tokens": [
"os",
"##tina",
"##to"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 483,
"end_token_idx": 484,
"identifier": "/wiki/Beat_music",
"tokens": [
"beats"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 491,
"end_token_idx": 494,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Coltrane",
"tokens": [
"john",
"colt",
"##rane"
]
}
] | [
101,
9642,
4166,
4781,
1012,
1000,
2158,
26557,
2050,
1000,
1006,
4006,
1007,
2003,
1996,
2034,
4166,
3115,
2000,
2022,
14797,
3973,
2241,
2006,
18856,
10696,
1012,
2429,
2000,
21067,
1010,
13433,
6844,
3605,
1996,
21323,
1010,
24528,
14289,
15758,
19739,
13006,
8780,
2015,
1006,
17694,
1011,
9642,
9808,
13770,
13122,
1007,
1997,
1996,
1037,
2930,
1998,
1996,
4955,
1010,
2096,
21067,
2626,
1996,
2958,
1012,
21067,
22906,
1024,
1000,
2065,
1045,
1005,
1040,
2292,
2009,
2175,
2066,
1031,
9212,
2080,
1033,
2359,
2009,
1010,
2009,
2052,
2031,
2042,
9975,
17694,
1011,
9642,
2035,
1996,
2126,
1012,
2045,
2876,
1005,
1056,
2031,
2042,
1037,
2958,
1012,
1045,
2245,
1045,
2001,
3015,
2019,
2809,
1011,
3347,
2958,
1010,
2021,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1045,
2018,
2000,
2562,
2183,
1998,
3092,
2039,
3015,
1037,
7032,
1011,
3347,
2958,
1012,
1000,
1996,
2958,
2435,
1000,
2158,
26557,
2050,
1000,
1037,
5171,
4166,
19452,
3252,
1010,
4292,
1996,
3538,
4237,
2013,
8670,
17040,
2050,
1005,
1055,
16913,
2389,
1000,
9745,
2050,
1000,
1997,
1037,
2261,
2086,
3041,
1012,
21067,
1005,
1055,
5792,
2007,
13433,
6844,
2716,
3563,
3060,
1011,
2241,
17900,
2046,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1012,
2096,
6183,
1996,
7372,
1997,
19452,
24584,
1010,
12731,
1011,
29432,
2036,
3881,
2013,
3060,
6348,
1012,
4166,
7565,
2007,
1037,
3763,
1037,
2930,
1998,
1037,
7671,
1038,
2930,
1010,
2007,
2035,
7165,
2229,
7671,
2076,
24339,
1010,
2150,
2691,
3218,
2007,
2116,
3763,
13281,
1997,
1996,
4166,
3115,
13646,
1012,
2023,
3921,
2064,
2022,
2657,
2006,
3653,
1011,
3150,
5633,
1997,
1000,
2158,
26557,
2050,
1000,
1010,
1000,
1037,
2305,
1999,
13437,
1000,
1010,
1000,
9543,
9543,
2139,
2080,
1000,
1010,
1998,
1000,
2006,
2665,
17801,
2395,
1000,
1012,
2178,
4166,
5512,
4187,
2000,
1996,
2458,
1997,
17694,
1011,
9642,
4166,
2001,
13007,
8997,
1005,
1055,
1000,
4895,
13433,
3597,
28046,
1010,
1000,
2680,
2007,
15390,
3240,
5735,
2006,
3321,
1998,
4098,
20997,
2006,
3846,
1012,
3264,
2005,
2049,
1000,
10424,
8625,
4588,
2943,
1000,
1998,
1000,
6338,
4726,
11190,
17327,
1998,
26572,
25032,
22123,
26837,
2278,
22205,
1010,
1000,
1996,
5512,
4117,
17694,
1011,
9642,
6348,
2007,
26572,
2669,
23732,
1998,
11677,
2582,
2224,
1997,
16913,
23732,
1998,
14815,
1011,
14535,
9396,
1999,
3763,
4166,
1012,
9642,
6333,
2923,
12256,
3995,
4203,
7849,
2401,
2034,
2680,
2010,
5512,
1000,
17694,
2630,
1000,
1999,
3851,
1012,
1000,
17694,
2630,
1000,
2001,
1996,
2034,
4166,
3115,
2328,
2588,
1037,
5171,
3060,
2093,
1011,
2114,
1011,
2048,
1006,
1017,
1024,
1016,
1007,
2892,
1011,
6348,
1010,
2030,
19610,
20282,
2050,
1012,
1996,
3538,
4269,
2007,
1996,
3321,
8385,
2652,
1020,
2892,
1011,
10299,
2566,
2169,
5468,
1997,
11899,
1010,
2030,
1020,
2892,
1011,
10299,
2566,
1018,
2364,
10299,
1517,
1020,
1024,
1018,
1006,
2048,
4442,
1997,
1017,
1024,
1016,
1007,
1012,
1996,
2206,
2742,
3065,
1996,
2434,
9808,
13770,
3406,
1000,
17694,
2630,
1000,
3321,
2240,
1012,
1996,
2892,
3602,
13038,
5769,
1996,
2364,
10299,
1006,
2025,
3321,
3964,
1007,
1012,
2043,
2198,
9110,
18053,
3139,
1000,
17694,
2630,
1000,
1999,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"1963",
",",
"he",
"inverted",
"the",
"metric",
"hierarchy",
",",
"interpreting",
"the",
"tune",
"as",
"a",
"34",
"jazz",
"waltz",
"with",
"du",
"##ple",
"cross",
"-",
"beats",
"super",
"##im",
"##posed",
"(",
"2",
":",
"3",
")",
".",
"originally",
"a",
"b",
"##♭",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"blues",
",",
"colt",
"##rane",
"expanded",
"the",
"harmonic",
"structure",
"of",
"\"",
"afro",
"blue",
"\"",
".",
"perhaps",
"the",
"most",
"respected",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz",
"combo",
"of",
"the",
"late",
"1950s",
"was",
"vi",
"##bra",
"##phon",
"##ist",
"cal",
"t",
"##jad",
"##er",
"'",
"s",
"band",
".",
"t",
"##jad",
"##er",
"had",
"mon",
"##go",
"santa",
"##mar",
"##ia",
",",
"armando",
"per",
"##az",
"##a",
",",
"and",
"willie",
"bobo",
"on",
"his",
"early",
"recording",
"dates",
".",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1940s",
",",
"there",
"was",
"a",
"revival",
"of",
"dixie",
"##land",
",",
"ha",
"##rkin",
"##g",
"back",
"to",
"the",
"contra",
"##pu",
"##ntal",
"new",
"orleans",
"style",
".",
"this",
"was",
"driven",
"in",
"large",
"part",
"by",
"record",
"company",
"reissue",
"##s",
"of",
"jazz",
"classics",
"by",
"the",
"oliver",
",",
"morton",
",",
"and",
"armstrong",
"bands",
"of",
"the",
"1930s",
".",
"there",
"were",
"two",
"types",
"of",
"musicians",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"revival",
":",
"the",
"first",
"group",
"was",
"made",
"up",
"of",
"those",
"who",
"had",
"begun",
"their",
"careers",
"playing",
"in",
"the",
"traditional",
"style",
"and",
"were",
"returning",
"to",
"it",
"(",
"or",
"continuing",
"what",
"they",
"had",
"been",
"playing",
"all",
"along",
")",
",",
"such",
"as",
"bob",
"crosby",
"'",
"s",
"bob",
"##cats",
",",
"max",
"kam",
"##insky",
",",
"eddie",
"condo",
"##n",
",",
"and",
"wild",
"bill",
"davis",
"##on",
".",
"most",
"of",
"these",
"players",
"were",
"originally",
"midwest",
"##ern",
"##ers",
",",
"although",
"there",
"were",
"a",
"small",
"number",
"of",
"new",
"orleans",
"musicians",
"involved",
".",
"the",
"second",
"group",
"of",
"revival",
"##ists",
"consisted",
"of",
"younger",
"musicians",
",",
"such",
"as",
"those",
"in",
"the",
"lu",
"watt",
"##ers",
"band",
",",
"conrad",
"jan",
"##is",
",",
"and",
"ward",
"kimball",
"and",
"his",
"fire",
"##house",
"five",
"plus",
"two",
"jazz",
"band",
".",
"by",
"the",
"late",
"1940s",
",",
"louis",
"armstrong",
"'",
"s",
"all",
"##star",
"##s",
"band",
"became",
"a",
"leading",
"ensemble",
".",
"through",
"the",
"1950s",
"and",
"1960s",
",",
"dixie",
"##land",
"was",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"commercially",
"popular",
"jazz",
"styles",
"in",
"the",
"us",
",",
"europe",
",",
"and",
"japan",
",",
"although",
"critics",
"paid",
"little",
"attention",
"to",
"it",
".",
"hard",
"bop",
"is",
"an",
"extension",
"of",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"(",
"or",
"\"",
"bop",
"\"",
")",
"music",
"that",
"incorporates",
"influences",
"from",
"blues",
",",
"rhythm",
"and",
"blues",
",",
"and",
"gospel",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"saxophone",
"and",
"piano",
"playing",
".",
"hard",
"bop",
"was",
"developed",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1950s",
",",
"coal",
"##es",
"##cing",
"in",
"1953",
"and",
"1954",
";",
"it",
"developed",
"partly",
"in",
"response",
"to",
"the",
"vogue",
"for",
"cool",
"jazz",
"in",
"the",
"early",
"1950s",
"and",
"parallel",
"##ed",
"the",
"rise",
"of",
"rhythm",
"and",
"blues",
".",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"described",
"as",
"\"",
"funky",
"\"",
"and",
"can",
"be",
"considered",
"a",
"relative",
"of",
"soul",
"jazz",
".",
"some",
"elements",
"of",
"the",
"genre",
"were",
"simplified",
"from",
"their",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"roots",
".",
"miles",
"davis",
"'",
"1954",
"performance",
"of",
"\"",
"walk",
"##in",
"'",
"\"",
"at",
"the",
"first",
"newport",
"jazz",
"festival",
"introduced",
"the",
"style",
"to",
"the",
"jazz",
"world",
".",
"further",
"leaders",
"of",
"hard",
"bop",
"'",
"s",
"development",
"included",
"the",
"clifford",
"brown",
"/",
"max",
"roach",
"quintet",
",",
"art",
"blake",
"##y",
"'",
"s",
"jazz",
"messengers",
",",
"the",
"horace",
"silver"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 35,
"end_token_idx": 38,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pentatonic_scale",
"tokens": [
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 60,
"identifier": "/wiki/Afro-cuban_jazz",
"tokens": [
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 70,
"end_token_idx": 74,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cal_Tjader",
"tokens": [
"cal",
"t",
"##jad",
"##er"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 82,
"end_token_idx": 87,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mongo_Santamaria",
"tokens": [
"mon",
"##go",
"santa",
"##mar",
"##ia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 88,
"end_token_idx": 92,
"identifier": "/wiki/Armando_Peraza",
"tokens": [
"armando",
"per",
"##az",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 94,
"end_token_idx": 96,
"identifier": "/wiki/Willie_Bobo",
"tokens": [
"willie",
"bobo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 112,
"end_token_idx": 114,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dixieland",
"tokens": [
"dixie",
"##land"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 203,
"end_token_idx": 205,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bob_Crosby",
"tokens": [
"bob",
"crosby"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 210,
"end_token_idx": 213,
"identifier": "/wiki/Max_Kaminsky_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"max",
"kam",
"##insky"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 214,
"end_token_idx": 217,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eddie_Condon",
"tokens": [
"eddie",
"condo",
"##n"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 219,
"end_token_idx": 223,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wild_Bill_Davison",
"tokens": [
"wild",
"bill",
"davis",
"##on"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 265,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lu_Watters",
"tokens": [
"lu",
"watt",
"##ers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 267,
"end_token_idx": 270,
"identifier": "/wiki/Conrad_Janis",
"tokens": [
"conrad",
"jan",
"##is"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 272,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ward_Kimball",
"tokens": [
"ward",
"kimball"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 276,
"end_token_idx": 281,
"identifier": "/wiki/Firehouse_Five_Plus_Two",
"tokens": [
"fire",
"##house",
"five",
"plus",
"two"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 430,
"end_token_idx": 432,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soul_jazz",
"tokens": [
"soul",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 461,
"end_token_idx": 464,
"identifier": "/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival",
"tokens": [
"newport",
"jazz",
"festival"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 482,
"end_token_idx": 484,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clifford_Brown",
"tokens": [
"clifford",
"brown"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 494,
"end_token_idx": 496,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Jazz_Messengers",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"messengers"
]
}
] | [
101,
3699,
1010,
2002,
20037,
1996,
12046,
12571,
1010,
25455,
1996,
8694,
2004,
1037,
4090,
4166,
17569,
2007,
4241,
10814,
2892,
1011,
10299,
3565,
5714,
19155,
1006,
1016,
1024,
1017,
1007,
1012,
2761,
1037,
1038,
24102,
7279,
29336,
12356,
5132,
1010,
9110,
18053,
4423,
1996,
19452,
3252,
1997,
1000,
17694,
2630,
1000,
1012,
3383,
1996,
2087,
9768,
17694,
1011,
9642,
4166,
25025,
1997,
1996,
2397,
4856,
2001,
6819,
10024,
20846,
2923,
10250,
1056,
27875,
2121,
1005,
1055,
2316,
1012,
1056,
27875,
2121,
2018,
12256,
3995,
4203,
7849,
2401,
1010,
26716,
2566,
10936,
2050,
1010,
1998,
9893,
27418,
2006,
2010,
2220,
3405,
5246,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2397,
7675,
1010,
2045,
2001,
1037,
6308,
1997,
18910,
3122,
1010,
5292,
26891,
2290,
2067,
2000,
1996,
24528,
14289,
15758,
2047,
5979,
2806,
1012,
2023,
2001,
5533,
1999,
2312,
2112,
2011,
2501,
2194,
17173,
2015,
1997,
4166,
10002,
2011,
1996,
6291,
1010,
11164,
1010,
1998,
9143,
4996,
1997,
1996,
5687,
1012,
2045,
2020,
2048,
4127,
1997,
5389,
2920,
1999,
1996,
6308,
1024,
1996,
2034,
2177,
2001,
2081,
2039,
1997,
2216,
2040,
2018,
5625,
2037,
10922,
2652,
1999,
1996,
3151,
2806,
1998,
2020,
4192,
2000,
2009,
1006,
2030,
5719,
2054,
2027,
2018,
2042,
2652,
2035,
2247,
1007,
1010,
2107,
2004,
3960,
14282,
1005,
1055,
3960,
19588,
1010,
4098,
27829,
20894,
1010,
5752,
25805,
2078,
1010,
1998,
3748,
3021,
4482,
2239,
1012,
2087,
1997,
2122,
2867,
2020,
2761,
13608,
11795,
2545,
1010,
2348,
2045,
2020,
1037,
2235,
2193,
1997,
2047,
5979,
5389,
2920,
1012,
1996,
2117,
2177,
1997,
6308,
5130,
5031,
1997,
3920,
5389,
1010,
2107,
2004,
2216,
1999,
1996,
11320,
15231,
2545,
2316,
1010,
10931,
5553,
2483,
1010,
1998,
4829,
26659,
1998,
2010,
2543,
4580,
2274,
4606,
2048,
4166,
2316,
1012,
2011,
1996,
2397,
7675,
1010,
3434,
9143,
1005,
1055,
2035,
14117,
2015,
2316,
2150,
1037,
2877,
7241,
1012,
2083,
1996,
4856,
1998,
4120,
1010,
18910,
3122,
2001,
2028,
1997,
1996,
2087,
11088,
2759,
4166,
6782,
1999,
1996,
2149,
1010,
2885,
1010,
1998,
2900,
1010,
2348,
4401,
3825,
2210,
3086,
2000,
2009,
1012,
2524,
29432,
2003,
2019,
5331,
1997,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1006,
2030,
1000,
29432,
1000,
1007,
2189,
2008,
12374,
8092,
2013,
5132,
1010,
6348,
1998,
5132,
1010,
1998,
8036,
1010,
2926,
1999,
8283,
1998,
3682,
2652,
1012,
2524,
29432,
2001,
2764,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
4856,
1010,
5317,
2229,
6129,
1999,
4052,
1998,
4051,
1025,
2009,
2764,
6576,
1999,
3433,
2000,
1996,
17734,
2005,
4658,
4166,
1999,
1996,
2220,
4856,
1998,
5903,
2098,
1996,
4125,
1997,
6348,
1998,
5132,
1012,
2009,
2038,
2042,
2649,
2004,
1000,
24151,
1000,
1998,
2064,
2022,
2641,
1037,
5816,
1997,
3969,
4166,
1012,
2070,
3787,
1997,
1996,
6907,
2020,
11038,
2013,
2037,
2022,
5092,
2361,
6147,
1012,
2661,
4482,
1005,
4051,
2836,
1997,
1000,
3328,
2378,
1005,
1000,
2012,
1996,
2034,
9464,
4166,
2782,
3107,
1996,
2806,
2000,
1996,
4166,
2088,
1012,
2582,
4177,
1997,
2524,
29432,
1005,
1055,
2458,
2443,
1996,
13894,
2829,
1013,
4098,
20997,
18109,
1010,
2396,
6511,
2100,
1005,
1055,
4166,
28938,
1010,
1996,
12757,
3165,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"quintet",
",",
"and",
"trumpeter",
"##s",
"lee",
"morgan",
"and",
"freddie",
"hubbard",
".",
"the",
"late",
"1950s",
"to",
"early",
"1960s",
"saw",
"hard",
"bop",
"##pers",
"form",
"their",
"own",
"bands",
"as",
"a",
"new",
"generation",
"of",
"blues",
"-",
"and",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"-",
"influenced",
"musicians",
"entered",
"the",
"jazz",
"world",
",",
"from",
"pianist",
"##s",
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"kelly",
"and",
"tommy",
"flanagan",
"to",
"saxophonist",
"##s",
"joe",
"henderson",
"and",
"hank",
"mob",
"##ley",
".",
"colt",
"##rane",
",",
"johnny",
"griffin",
",",
"mob",
"##ley",
",",
"and",
"morgan",
"all",
"participated",
"on",
"the",
"album",
"a",
"blow",
"##in",
"'",
"session",
"(",
"1957",
")",
",",
"considered",
"by",
"al",
"campbell",
"to",
"have",
"been",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"high",
"points",
"of",
"the",
"hard",
"bop",
"era",
".",
"hard",
"bop",
"was",
"prevalent",
"within",
"jazz",
"for",
"about",
"a",
"decade",
"spanning",
"from",
"1955",
"to",
"1965",
",",
"but",
"has",
"remained",
"highly",
"influential",
"on",
"mainstream",
"or",
"\"",
"straight",
"-",
"ahead",
"\"",
"jazz",
".",
"it",
"went",
"into",
"decline",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1960s",
"through",
"the",
"1970s",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"emergence",
"of",
"other",
"styles",
"such",
"as",
"jazz",
"fusion",
",",
"but",
"again",
"became",
"influential",
"following",
"the",
"young",
"lions",
"movement",
"and",
"the",
"emergence",
"of",
"neo",
"-",
"bop",
".",
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz",
"is",
"a",
"development",
"which",
"began",
"in",
"the",
"later",
"1950s",
"which",
"takes",
"the",
"mode",
",",
"or",
"musical",
"scale",
",",
"as",
"the",
"basis",
"of",
"musical",
"structure",
"and",
"improvisation",
".",
"previously",
",",
"a",
"solo",
"was",
"meant",
"to",
"fit",
"into",
"a",
"given",
"chord",
"progression",
",",
"but",
"with",
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz",
",",
"the",
"soloist",
"creates",
"a",
"melody",
"using",
"one",
"(",
"or",
"a",
"small",
"number",
"of",
")",
"modes",
".",
"the",
"emphasis",
"is",
"thus",
"shifted",
"from",
"harmony",
"to",
"melody",
":",
"\"",
"historically",
",",
"this",
"caused",
"a",
"seismic",
"shift",
"among",
"jazz",
"musicians",
",",
"away",
"from",
"thinking",
"vertically",
"(",
"the",
"chord",
")",
",",
"and",
"towards",
"a",
"more",
"horizontal",
"approach",
"(",
"the",
"scale",
")",
"\"",
",",
"explained",
"pianist",
"mark",
"levine",
".",
"the",
"mod",
"##al",
"theory",
"stems",
"from",
"a",
"work",
"by",
"george",
"russell",
".",
"miles",
"davis",
"introduced",
"the",
"concept",
"to",
"the",
"greater",
"jazz",
"world",
"with",
"kind",
"of",
"blue",
"(",
"1959",
")",
",",
"an",
"exploration",
"of",
"the",
"possibilities",
"of",
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz",
"which",
"would",
"become",
"the",
"best",
"selling",
"jazz",
"album",
"of",
"all",
"time",
".",
"in",
"contrast",
"to",
"davis",
"'",
"earlier",
"work",
"with",
"hard",
"bop",
"and",
"its",
"complex",
"chord",
"progression",
"and",
"improvisation",
",",
"kind",
"of",
"blue",
"was",
"composed",
"as",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"mod",
"##al",
"sketches",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"musicians",
"were",
"given",
"scales",
"that",
"defined",
"the",
"parameters",
"of",
"their",
"improvisation",
"and",
"style",
".",
"\"",
"i",
"didn",
"'",
"t",
"write",
"out",
"the",
"music",
"for",
"kind",
"of",
"blue",
",",
"but",
"brought",
"in",
"sketches",
"for",
"what",
"everybody",
"was",
"supposed",
"to",
"play",
"because",
"i",
"wanted",
"a",
"lot",
"of",
"sp",
"##ont",
"##ane",
"##ity",
",",
"\"",
"recalled",
"davis",
".",
"the",
"track",
"\"",
"so",
"what",
"\"",
"has",
"only",
"two",
"chords",
":",
"d",
"-",
"7",
"and",
"e",
"##♭",
"-",
"7",
".",
"other",
"inn",
"##ova",
"##tors",
"in",
"this",
"style",
"include",
"jackie",
"mclean",
",",
"and",
"two",
"of",
"the",
"musicians",
"who",
"had",
"also",
"played",
"on",
"kind",
"of",
"blue",
":",
"john",
"colt",
"##rane",
"and",
"bill",
"evans",
".",
"free",
"jazz",
",",
"and",
"the",
"related",
"form",
"of",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"jazz",
",",
"broke",
"through",
"into",
"an",
"open"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 5,
"end_token_idx": 7,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lee_Morgan",
"tokens": [
"lee",
"morgan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 8,
"end_token_idx": 10,
"identifier": "/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard",
"tokens": [
"freddie",
"hubbard"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 51,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wynton_Kelly",
"tokens": [
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"kelly"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 52,
"end_token_idx": 54,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tommy_Flanagan",
"tokens": [
"tommy",
"flanagan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 57,
"end_token_idx": 59,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_Henderson",
"tokens": [
"joe",
"henderson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 60,
"end_token_idx": 63,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hank_Mobley",
"tokens": [
"hank",
"mob",
"##ley"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 67,
"end_token_idx": 69,
"identifier": "/wiki/Johnny_Griffin",
"tokens": [
"johnny",
"griffin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 80,
"end_token_idx": 85,
"identifier": "/wiki/A_Blowin%27_Session",
"tokens": [
"a",
"blow",
"##in",
"'",
"session"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 174,
"end_token_idx": 177,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neo-bop",
"tokens": [
"neo",
"-",
"bop"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Musical_mode",
"tokens": [
"mode"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 219,
"end_token_idx": 221,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chord_progression",
"tokens": [
"chord",
"progression"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 289,
"end_token_idx": 291,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mark_Levine_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"mark",
"levine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 301,
"end_token_idx": 303,
"identifier": "/wiki/George_Russell_(composer)",
"tokens": [
"george",
"russell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 315,
"end_token_idx": 318,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kind_of_Blue",
"tokens": [
"kind",
"of",
"blue"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 441,
"end_token_idx": 444,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dominant_seventh_chord",
"tokens": [
"d",
"-",
"7"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 458,
"end_token_idx": 460,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jackie_McLean",
"tokens": [
"jackie",
"mclean"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 490,
"end_token_idx": 494,
"identifier": "/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz",
"tokens": [
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"jazz"
]
}
] | [
101,
18109,
1010,
1998,
28220,
2015,
3389,
5253,
1998,
15528,
16580,
1012,
1996,
2397,
4856,
2000,
2220,
4120,
2387,
2524,
29432,
7347,
2433,
2037,
2219,
4996,
2004,
1037,
2047,
4245,
1997,
5132,
1011,
1998,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1011,
5105,
5389,
3133,
1996,
4166,
2088,
1010,
2013,
9066,
2015,
1059,
6038,
2669,
5163,
1998,
6838,
26558,
2000,
19977,
2015,
3533,
9481,
1998,
9180,
11240,
3051,
1012,
9110,
18053,
1010,
5206,
9258,
1010,
11240,
3051,
1010,
1998,
5253,
2035,
4194,
2006,
1996,
2201,
1037,
6271,
2378,
1005,
5219,
1006,
3890,
1007,
1010,
2641,
2011,
2632,
6063,
2000,
2031,
2042,
2028,
1997,
1996,
2152,
2685,
1997,
1996,
2524,
29432,
3690,
1012,
2524,
29432,
2001,
15157,
2306,
4166,
2005,
2055,
1037,
5476,
13912,
2013,
3982,
2000,
3551,
1010,
2021,
2038,
2815,
3811,
6383,
2006,
7731,
2030,
1000,
3442,
1011,
3805,
1000,
4166,
1012,
2009,
2253,
2046,
6689,
1999,
1996,
2397,
4120,
2083,
1996,
3955,
2349,
2000,
1996,
14053,
1997,
2060,
6782,
2107,
2004,
4166,
10077,
1010,
2021,
2153,
2150,
6383,
2206,
1996,
2402,
7212,
2929,
1998,
1996,
14053,
1997,
9253,
1011,
29432,
1012,
16913,
2389,
4166,
2003,
1037,
2458,
2029,
2211,
1999,
1996,
2101,
4856,
2029,
3138,
1996,
5549,
1010,
2030,
3315,
4094,
1010,
2004,
1996,
3978,
1997,
3315,
3252,
1998,
24584,
1012,
3130,
1010,
1037,
3948,
2001,
3214,
2000,
4906,
2046,
1037,
2445,
13924,
14967,
1010,
2021,
2007,
16913,
2389,
4166,
1010,
1996,
16504,
9005,
1037,
8531,
2478,
2028,
1006,
2030,
1037,
2235,
2193,
1997,
1007,
11583,
1012,
1996,
7902,
2003,
2947,
5429,
2013,
9396,
2000,
8531,
1024,
1000,
7145,
1010,
2023,
3303,
1037,
22630,
5670,
2426,
4166,
5389,
1010,
2185,
2013,
3241,
20018,
1006,
1996,
13924,
1007,
1010,
1998,
2875,
1037,
2062,
9876,
3921,
1006,
1996,
4094,
1007,
1000,
1010,
4541,
9066,
2928,
17780,
1012,
1996,
16913,
2389,
3399,
12402,
2013,
1037,
2147,
2011,
2577,
5735,
1012,
2661,
4482,
3107,
1996,
4145,
2000,
1996,
3618,
4166,
2088,
2007,
2785,
1997,
2630,
1006,
3851,
1007,
1010,
2019,
8993,
1997,
1996,
12020,
1997,
16913,
2389,
4166,
2029,
2052,
2468,
1996,
2190,
4855,
4166,
2201,
1997,
2035,
2051,
1012,
1999,
5688,
2000,
4482,
1005,
3041,
2147,
2007,
2524,
29432,
1998,
2049,
3375,
13924,
14967,
1998,
24584,
1010,
2785,
1997,
2630,
2001,
3605,
2004,
1037,
2186,
1997,
16913,
2389,
12741,
1999,
2029,
1996,
5389,
2020,
2445,
9539,
2008,
4225,
1996,
11709,
1997,
2037,
24584,
1998,
2806,
1012,
1000,
1045,
2134,
1005,
1056,
4339,
2041,
1996,
2189,
2005,
2785,
1997,
2630,
1010,
2021,
2716,
1999,
12741,
2005,
2054,
7955,
2001,
4011,
2000,
2377,
2138,
1045,
2359,
1037,
2843,
1997,
11867,
12162,
7231,
3012,
1010,
1000,
7383,
4482,
1012,
1996,
2650,
1000,
2061,
2054,
1000,
2038,
2069,
2048,
18495,
1024,
1040,
1011,
1021,
1998,
1041,
24102,
1011,
1021,
1012,
2060,
7601,
7103,
6591,
1999,
2023,
2806,
2421,
9901,
17602,
1010,
1998,
2048,
1997,
1996,
5389,
2040,
2018,
2036,
2209,
2006,
2785,
1997,
2630,
1024,
2198,
9110,
18053,
1998,
3021,
6473,
1012,
2489,
4166,
1010,
1998,
1996,
3141,
2433,
1997,
14815,
1011,
14535,
4166,
1010,
3631,
2083,
2046,
2019,
2330,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"space",
"of",
"\"",
"free",
"ton",
"##ality",
"\"",
"in",
"which",
"meter",
",",
"beat",
",",
"and",
"formal",
"symmetry",
"all",
"disappeared",
",",
"and",
"a",
"range",
"of",
"world",
"music",
"from",
"india",
",",
"africa",
",",
"and",
"arabia",
"were",
"mel",
"##ded",
"into",
"an",
"intense",
",",
"even",
"religious",
"##ly",
"ec",
"##static",
"or",
"org",
"##ias",
"##tic",
"style",
"of",
"playing",
".",
"while",
"loosely",
"inspired",
"by",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
",",
"free",
"jazz",
"tunes",
"gave",
"players",
"much",
"more",
"latitude",
";",
"the",
"loose",
"harmony",
"and",
"tempo",
"was",
"deemed",
"controversial",
"when",
"this",
"approach",
"was",
"first",
"developed",
".",
"the",
"bassist",
"charles",
"ming",
"##us",
"is",
"also",
"frequently",
"associated",
"with",
"the",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"in",
"jazz",
",",
"although",
"his",
"compositions",
"draw",
"from",
"myriad",
"styles",
"and",
"genres",
".",
"the",
"first",
"major",
"stirring",
"##s",
"came",
"in",
"the",
"1950s",
"with",
"the",
"early",
"work",
"of",
"or",
"##nett",
"##e",
"coleman",
"(",
"whose",
"1960",
"album",
"free",
"jazz",
":",
"a",
"collective",
"improvisation",
"coined",
"the",
"term",
")",
"and",
"cecil",
"taylor",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1960s",
",",
"expo",
"##nent",
"##s",
"included",
"albert",
"a",
"##yler",
",",
"ga",
"##to",
"barbie",
"##ri",
",",
"carla",
"b",
"##ley",
",",
"don",
"cherry",
",",
"larry",
"cory",
"##ell",
",",
"john",
"colt",
"##rane",
",",
"bill",
"dixon",
",",
"jimmy",
"gi",
"##uf",
"##fr",
"##e",
",",
"steve",
"lacy",
",",
"michael",
"mantle",
"##r",
",",
"sun",
"ra",
",",
"ro",
"##swell",
"rudd",
",",
"ph",
"##aro",
"##ah",
"sanders",
",",
"and",
"john",
"tc",
"##hic",
"##ai",
".",
"in",
"developing",
"his",
"late",
"style",
",",
"colt",
"##rane",
"was",
"especially",
"influenced",
"by",
"the",
"di",
"##sson",
"##ance",
"of",
"a",
"##yler",
"'",
"s",
"trio",
"with",
"bassist",
"gary",
"peacock",
"and",
"drummer",
"sunny",
"murray",
",",
"a",
"rhythm",
"section",
"hon",
"##ed",
"with",
"cecil",
"taylor",
"as",
"leader",
".",
"in",
"november",
"1961",
",",
"colt",
"##rane",
"played",
"a",
"gig",
"at",
"the",
"village",
"vanguard",
",",
"which",
"resulted",
"in",
"the",
"classic",
"cha",
"##sin",
"'",
"the",
"'",
"tran",
"##e",
",",
"which",
"down",
"##beat",
"magazine",
"pan",
"##ned",
"as",
"\"",
"anti",
"-",
"jazz",
"\"",
".",
"on",
"his",
"1961",
"tour",
"of",
"france",
",",
"he",
"was",
"boo",
"##ed",
",",
"but",
"per",
"##se",
"##vered",
",",
"signing",
"with",
"the",
"new",
"impulse",
"!",
"records",
"in",
"1960",
"and",
"turning",
"it",
"into",
"\"",
"the",
"house",
"that",
"tran",
"##e",
"built",
"\"",
",",
"while",
"champion",
"##ing",
"many",
"younger",
"free",
"jazz",
"musicians",
",",
"notably",
"archie",
"she",
"##pp",
",",
"who",
"often",
"played",
"with",
"trumpeter",
"bill",
"dixon",
",",
"who",
"organized",
"the",
"4",
"-",
"day",
"\"",
"october",
"revolution",
"in",
"jazz",
"\"",
"in",
"manhattan",
"in",
"1964",
",",
"the",
"first",
"free",
"jazz",
"festival",
".",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"recordings",
"with",
"the",
"classic",
"quartet",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"half",
"of",
"1965",
"show",
"colt",
"##rane",
"'",
"s",
"playing",
"becoming",
"increasingly",
"abstract",
",",
"with",
"greater",
"incorporation",
"of",
"devices",
"like",
"multi",
"##phonic",
"##s",
",",
"utilization",
"of",
"over",
"##tones",
",",
"and",
"playing",
"in",
"the",
"alt",
"##iss",
"##imo",
"register",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"mu",
"##tated",
"return",
"to",
"colt",
"##rane",
"'",
"s",
"sheets",
"of",
"sound",
".",
"in",
"the",
"studio",
",",
"he",
"all",
"but",
"abandoned",
"his",
"soprano",
"to",
"concentrate",
"on",
"the",
"tenor",
"saxophone",
".",
"in",
"addition",
",",
"the",
"quartet",
"responded",
"to",
"the",
"leader",
"by",
"playing",
"with",
"increasing",
"freedom",
".",
"the",
"group",
"'",
"s",
"evolution",
"can",
"be",
"traced",
"through",
"the",
"recordings",
"the",
"john",
"colt",
"##rane",
"quartet",
"plays",
",",
"living",
"space",
"and",
"transition",
"(",
"both",
"june"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 23,
"end_token_idx": 25,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_music",
"tokens": [
"world",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 86,
"end_token_idx": 89,
"identifier": "/wiki/Charles_Mingus",
"tokens": [
"charles",
"ming",
"##us"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 125,
"end_token_idx": 129,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ornette_Coleman",
"tokens": [
"or",
"##nett",
"##e",
"coleman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 133,
"end_token_idx": 139,
"identifier": "/wiki/Free_Jazz:_A_Collective_Improvisation",
"tokens": [
"free",
"jazz",
":",
"a",
"collective",
"improvisation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 144,
"end_token_idx": 146,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cecil_Taylor",
"tokens": [
"cecil",
"taylor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 155,
"end_token_idx": 158,
"identifier": "/wiki/Albert_Ayler",
"tokens": [
"albert",
"a",
"##yler"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 159,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gato_Barbieri",
"tokens": [
"ga",
"##to",
"barbie",
"##ri"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 164,
"end_token_idx": 167,
"identifier": "/wiki/Carla_Bley",
"tokens": [
"carla",
"b",
"##ley"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 168,
"end_token_idx": 170,
"identifier": "/wiki/Don_Cherry_(trumpeter)",
"tokens": [
"don",
"cherry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 171,
"end_token_idx": 174,
"identifier": "/wiki/Larry_Coryell",
"tokens": [
"larry",
"cory",
"##ell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 175,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Coltrane",
"tokens": [
"john",
"colt",
"##rane"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 181,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bill_Dixon",
"tokens": [
"bill",
"dixon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 182,
"end_token_idx": 187,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jimmy_Giuffre",
"tokens": [
"jimmy",
"gi",
"##uf",
"##fr",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 188,
"end_token_idx": 190,
"identifier": "/wiki/Steve_Lacy_(saxophonist)",
"tokens": [
"steve",
"lacy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 191,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Michael_Mantler",
"tokens": [
"michael",
"mantle",
"##r"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 195,
"end_token_idx": 197,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sun_Ra",
"tokens": [
"sun",
"ra"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 198,
"end_token_idx": 201,
"identifier": "/wiki/Roswell_Rudd",
"tokens": [
"ro",
"##swell",
"rudd"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 202,
"end_token_idx": 206,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pharoah_Sanders",
"tokens": [
"ph",
"##aro",
"##ah",
"sanders"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 208,
"end_token_idx": 212,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Tchicai",
"tokens": [
"john",
"tc",
"##hic",
"##ai"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 237,
"end_token_idx": 239,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gary_Peacock",
"tokens": [
"gary",
"peacock"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 243,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sunny_Murray",
"tokens": [
"sunny",
"murray"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 250,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cecil_Taylor",
"tokens": [
"cecil",
"taylor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 316,
"end_token_idx": 319,
"identifier": "/wiki/Impulse!_Records",
"tokens": [
"impulse",
"!",
"records"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 344,
"end_token_idx": 347,
"identifier": "/wiki/Archie_Shepp",
"tokens": [
"archie",
"she",
"##pp"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 353,
"end_token_idx": 355,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bill_Dixon",
"tokens": [
"bill",
"dixon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 363,
"end_token_idx": 367,
"identifier": "/wiki/October_Revolution_in_Jazz",
"tokens": [
"october",
"revolution",
"in",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 409,
"end_token_idx": 412,
"identifier": "/wiki/Multiphonics",
"tokens": [
"multi",
"##phonic",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 422,
"end_token_idx": 425,
"identifier": "/wiki/Altissimo",
"tokens": [
"alt",
"##iss",
"##imo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 439,
"end_token_idx": 442,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sheets_of_sound",
"tokens": [
"sheets",
"of",
"sound"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 486,
"end_token_idx": 492,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_John_Coltrane_Quartet_Plays",
"tokens": [
"the",
"john",
"colt",
"##rane",
"quartet",
"plays"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 493,
"end_token_idx": 495,
"identifier": "/wiki/Living_Space_(album)",
"tokens": [
"living",
"space"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 496,
"end_token_idx": 497,
"identifier": "/wiki/Transition_(John_Coltrane_album)",
"tokens": [
"transition"
]
}
] | [
101,
2686,
1997,
1000,
2489,
10228,
23732,
1000,
1999,
2029,
8316,
1010,
3786,
1010,
1998,
5337,
14991,
2035,
5419,
1010,
1998,
1037,
2846,
1997,
2088,
2189,
2013,
2634,
1010,
3088,
1010,
1998,
9264,
2020,
11463,
5732,
2046,
2019,
6387,
1010,
2130,
3412,
2135,
14925,
16677,
2030,
8917,
7951,
4588,
2806,
1997,
2652,
1012,
2096,
11853,
4427,
2011,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1010,
2489,
4166,
13281,
2435,
2867,
2172,
2062,
15250,
1025,
1996,
6065,
9396,
1998,
13657,
2001,
8357,
6801,
2043,
2023,
3921,
2001,
2034,
2764,
1012,
1996,
9858,
2798,
11861,
2271,
2003,
2036,
4703,
3378,
2007,
1996,
14815,
1011,
14535,
1999,
4166,
1010,
2348,
2010,
9265,
4009,
2013,
25028,
6782,
1998,
11541,
1012,
1996,
2034,
2350,
18385,
2015,
2234,
1999,
1996,
4856,
2007,
1996,
2220,
2147,
1997,
2030,
15361,
2063,
11608,
1006,
3005,
3624,
2201,
2489,
4166,
1024,
1037,
7268,
24584,
13279,
1996,
2744,
1007,
1998,
11978,
4202,
1012,
1999,
1996,
4120,
1010,
16258,
21576,
2015,
2443,
4789,
1037,
20853,
1010,
11721,
3406,
22635,
3089,
1010,
17081,
1038,
3051,
1010,
2123,
9115,
1010,
6554,
18342,
5349,
1010,
2198,
9110,
18053,
1010,
3021,
11357,
1010,
5261,
21025,
16093,
19699,
2063,
1010,
3889,
19959,
1010,
2745,
16019,
2099,
1010,
3103,
10958,
1010,
20996,
19228,
25298,
1010,
6887,
10464,
4430,
12055,
1010,
1998,
2198,
22975,
16066,
4886,
1012,
1999,
4975,
2010,
2397,
2806,
1010,
9110,
18053,
2001,
2926,
5105,
2011,
1996,
4487,
7092,
6651,
1997,
1037,
20853,
1005,
1055,
7146,
2007,
9858,
5639,
18931,
1998,
7101,
11559,
6264,
1010,
1037,
6348,
2930,
10189,
2098,
2007,
11978,
4202,
2004,
3003,
1012,
1999,
2281,
3777,
1010,
9110,
18053,
2209,
1037,
15453,
2012,
1996,
2352,
18332,
1010,
2029,
4504,
1999,
1996,
4438,
15775,
11493,
1005,
1996,
1005,
25283,
2063,
1010,
2029,
2091,
19442,
2932,
6090,
7228,
2004,
1000,
3424,
1011,
4166,
1000,
1012,
2006,
2010,
3777,
2778,
1997,
2605,
1010,
2002,
2001,
22017,
2098,
1010,
2021,
2566,
3366,
25896,
1010,
6608,
2007,
1996,
2047,
14982,
999,
2636,
1999,
3624,
1998,
3810,
2009,
2046,
1000,
1996,
2160,
2008,
25283,
2063,
2328,
1000,
1010,
2096,
3410,
2075,
2116,
3920,
2489,
4166,
5389,
1010,
5546,
13255,
2016,
9397,
1010,
2040,
2411,
2209,
2007,
28220,
3021,
11357,
1010,
2040,
4114,
1996,
1018,
1011,
2154,
1000,
2255,
4329,
1999,
4166,
1000,
1999,
7128,
1999,
3546,
1010,
1996,
2034,
2489,
4166,
2782,
1012,
1037,
2186,
1997,
5633,
2007,
1996,
4438,
8530,
1999,
1996,
2034,
2431,
1997,
3551,
2265,
9110,
18053,
1005,
1055,
2652,
3352,
6233,
10061,
1010,
2007,
3618,
16935,
1997,
5733,
2066,
4800,
27385,
2015,
1010,
27891,
1997,
2058,
11115,
1010,
1998,
2652,
1999,
1996,
12456,
14643,
16339,
4236,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
1037,
14163,
16238,
2709,
2000,
9110,
18053,
1005,
1055,
8697,
1997,
2614,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2996,
1010,
2002,
2035,
2021,
4704,
2010,
10430,
2000,
10152,
2006,
1996,
9534,
8283,
1012,
1999,
2804,
1010,
1996,
8530,
5838,
2000,
1996,
3003,
2011,
2652,
2007,
4852,
4071,
1012,
1996,
2177,
1005,
1055,
6622,
2064,
2022,
9551,
2083,
1996,
5633,
1996,
2198,
9110,
18053,
8530,
3248,
1010,
2542,
2686,
1998,
6653,
1006,
2119,
2238,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"1965",
")",
",",
"new",
"thing",
"at",
"newport",
"(",
"july",
"1965",
")",
",",
"sun",
"ship",
"(",
"august",
"1965",
")",
",",
"and",
"first",
"meditation",
"##s",
"(",
"september",
"1965",
")",
".",
"in",
"june",
"1965",
",",
"colt",
"##rane",
"and",
"10",
"other",
"musicians",
"recorded",
"ascension",
",",
"a",
"40",
"-",
"minute",
"-",
"long",
"piece",
"without",
"breaks",
"that",
"included",
"adventurous",
"solos",
"by",
"young",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"musicians",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"colt",
"##rane",
",",
"and",
"was",
"controversial",
"primarily",
"for",
"the",
"collective",
"improvisation",
"sections",
"that",
"separated",
"the",
"solos",
".",
"dave",
"lie",
"##bm",
"##an",
"later",
"called",
"it",
"\"",
"the",
"torch",
"that",
"lit",
"the",
"free",
"jazz",
"thing",
"\"",
".",
"after",
"recording",
"with",
"the",
"quartet",
"over",
"the",
"next",
"few",
"months",
",",
"colt",
"##rane",
"invited",
"ph",
"##aro",
"##ah",
"sanders",
"to",
"join",
"the",
"band",
"in",
"september",
"1965",
".",
"while",
"colt",
"##rane",
"used",
"over",
"-",
"blowing",
"frequently",
"as",
"an",
"emotional",
"ex",
"##cl",
"##ama",
"##tion",
"-",
"point",
",",
"sanders",
"would",
"opt",
"to",
"over",
"##bl",
"##ow",
"his",
"entire",
"solo",
",",
"resulting",
"in",
"a",
"constant",
"screaming",
"and",
"sc",
"##ree",
"##ching",
"in",
"the",
"alt",
"##iss",
"##imo",
"range",
"of",
"the",
"instrument",
".",
"free",
"jazz",
"was",
"played",
"in",
"europe",
"in",
"part",
"because",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"a",
"##yler",
",",
"taylor",
",",
"steve",
"lacy",
",",
"and",
"eric",
"do",
"##lp",
"##hy",
"spent",
"extended",
"periods",
"of",
"time",
"there",
",",
"and",
"european",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"michael",
"mantle",
"##r",
"and",
"john",
"tc",
"##hic",
"##ai",
"traveled",
"to",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"to",
"experience",
"american",
"music",
"first",
"##hand",
".",
"european",
"contemporary",
"jazz",
"was",
"shaped",
"by",
"peter",
"bro",
"##tz",
"##mann",
",",
"john",
"sur",
"##man",
",",
"k",
"##rzy",
"##sz",
"##to",
"##f",
"ko",
"##med",
"##a",
",",
"z",
"##bi",
"##gni",
"##ew",
"nam",
"##ys",
"##ł",
"##owski",
",",
"tomas",
"##z",
"stan",
"##ko",
",",
"lars",
"gu",
"##llin",
",",
"joe",
"ha",
"##rri",
"##ott",
",",
"albert",
"man",
"##gel",
"##sd",
"##orf",
"##f",
",",
"kenny",
"wheeler",
",",
"graham",
"collier",
",",
"michael",
"ga",
"##rrick",
"and",
"mike",
"west",
"##brook",
".",
"they",
"were",
"eager",
"to",
"develop",
"approaches",
"to",
"music",
"that",
"reflected",
"their",
"heritage",
".",
"since",
"the",
"1960s",
",",
"creative",
"centers",
"of",
"jazz",
"in",
"europe",
"have",
"developed",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"creative",
"jazz",
"scene",
"in",
"amsterdam",
".",
"following",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"drummer",
"han",
"ben",
"##nin",
"##k",
"and",
"pianist",
"mis",
"##ha",
"meng",
"##el",
"##berg",
",",
"musicians",
"started",
"to",
"explore",
"by",
"imp",
"##rov",
"##ising",
"collectively",
"until",
"a",
"form",
"(",
"melody",
",",
"rhythm",
",",
"a",
"famous",
"song",
")",
"is",
"found",
"jazz",
"critic",
"kevin",
"whitehead",
"documented",
"the",
"free",
"jazz",
"scene",
"in",
"amsterdam",
"and",
"some",
"of",
"its",
"main",
"expo",
"##nent",
"##s",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"ic",
"##p",
"(",
"instant",
"composers",
"pool",
")",
"orchestra",
"in",
"his",
"book",
"new",
"dutch",
"swing",
".",
"since",
"the",
"1990s",
"keith",
"jarrett",
"has",
"defended",
"free",
"jazz",
"from",
"criticism",
".",
"british",
"writer",
"stuart",
"nicholson",
"has",
"argued",
"european",
"contemporary",
"jazz",
"has",
"an",
"identity",
"different",
"from",
"american",
"jazz",
"and",
"follows",
"a",
"different",
"trajectory",
".",
"latin",
"jazz",
"is",
"jazz",
"that",
"employs",
"latin",
"american",
"rhythms",
"and",
"is",
"generally",
"understood",
"to",
"have",
"a",
"more",
"specific",
"meaning",
"than",
"simply",
"jazz",
"from",
"latin",
"america",
".",
"a",
"more",
"precise",
"term",
"might",
"be",
"afro",
"-",
"latin",
"jazz",
",",
"as",
"the",
"jazz",
"sub",
"##gen",
"##re",
"typically",
"employs",
"rhythms",
"that",
"either",
"have",
"a",
"direct",
"analog",
"in",
"africa",
"or"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 3,
"end_token_idx": 7,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Thing_at_Newport",
"tokens": [
"new",
"thing",
"at",
"newport"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 12,
"end_token_idx": 14,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sun_Ship",
"tokens": [
"sun",
"ship"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 20,
"end_token_idx": 23,
"identifier": "/wiki/First_Meditations",
"tokens": [
"first",
"meditation",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 39,
"end_token_idx": 40,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ascension_(John_Coltrane_album)",
"tokens": [
"ascension"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 80,
"end_token_idx": 84,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dave_Liebman",
"tokens": [
"dave",
"lie",
"##bm",
"##an"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 189,
"end_token_idx": 191,
"identifier": "/wiki/Steve_Lacy_(saxophonist)",
"tokens": [
"steve",
"lacy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 197,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eric_Dolphy",
"tokens": [
"eric",
"do",
"##lp",
"##hy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 212,
"identifier": "/wiki/Michael_Mantler",
"tokens": [
"michael",
"mantle",
"##r"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 213,
"end_token_idx": 217,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Tchicai",
"tokens": [
"john",
"tc",
"##hic",
"##ai"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 237,
"end_token_idx": 241,
"identifier": "/wiki/Peter_Br%C3%B6tzmann",
"tokens": [
"peter",
"bro",
"##tz",
"##mann"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 242,
"end_token_idx": 245,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Surman",
"tokens": [
"john",
"sur",
"##man"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 246,
"end_token_idx": 254,
"identifier": "/wiki/Krzysztof_Komeda",
"tokens": [
"k",
"##rzy",
"##sz",
"##to",
"##f",
"ko",
"##med",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 255,
"end_token_idx": 263,
"identifier": "/wiki/Zbigniew_Namys%C5%82owski",
"tokens": [
"z",
"##bi",
"##gni",
"##ew",
"nam",
"##ys",
"##ł",
"##owski"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 264,
"end_token_idx": 268,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tomasz_Stanko",
"tokens": [
"tomas",
"##z",
"stan",
"##ko"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 272,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lars_Gullin",
"tokens": [
"lars",
"gu",
"##llin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 273,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_Harriott",
"tokens": [
"joe",
"ha",
"##rri",
"##ott"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 284,
"identifier": "/wiki/Albert_Mangelsdorff",
"tokens": [
"albert",
"man",
"##gel",
"##sd",
"##orf",
"##f"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 285,
"end_token_idx": 287,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kenny_Wheeler",
"tokens": [
"kenny",
"wheeler"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 288,
"end_token_idx": 290,
"identifier": "/wiki/Graham_Collier",
"tokens": [
"graham",
"collier"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 291,
"end_token_idx": 294,
"identifier": "/wiki/Michael_Garrick",
"tokens": [
"michael",
"ga",
"##rrick"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 295,
"end_token_idx": 298,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mike_Westbrook",
"tokens": [
"mike",
"west",
"##brook"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 339,
"end_token_idx": 343,
"identifier": "/wiki/Han_Bennink",
"tokens": [
"han",
"ben",
"##nin",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 345,
"end_token_idx": 350,
"identifier": "/wiki/Misha_Mengelberg",
"tokens": [
"mis",
"##ha",
"meng",
"##el",
"##berg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 376,
"end_token_idx": 378,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kevin_Whitehead",
"tokens": [
"kevin",
"whitehead"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 425,
"end_token_idx": 427,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stuart_Nicholson_(jazz_historian)",
"tokens": [
"stuart",
"nicholson"
]
}
] | [
101,
3551,
1007,
1010,
2047,
2518,
2012,
9464,
1006,
2251,
3551,
1007,
1010,
3103,
2911,
1006,
2257,
3551,
1007,
1010,
1998,
2034,
13804,
2015,
1006,
2244,
3551,
1007,
1012,
1999,
2238,
3551,
1010,
9110,
18053,
1998,
2184,
2060,
5389,
2680,
18071,
1010,
1037,
2871,
1011,
3371,
1011,
2146,
3538,
2302,
7807,
2008,
2443,
29118,
24339,
2011,
2402,
14815,
1011,
14535,
5389,
2004,
2092,
2004,
9110,
18053,
1010,
1998,
2001,
6801,
3952,
2005,
1996,
7268,
24584,
5433,
2008,
5459,
1996,
24339,
1012,
4913,
4682,
25526,
2319,
2101,
2170,
2009,
1000,
1996,
12723,
2008,
5507,
1996,
2489,
4166,
2518,
1000,
1012,
2044,
3405,
2007,
1996,
8530,
2058,
1996,
2279,
2261,
2706,
1010,
9110,
18053,
4778,
6887,
10464,
4430,
12055,
2000,
3693,
1996,
2316,
1999,
2244,
3551,
1012,
2096,
9110,
18053,
2109,
2058,
1011,
11221,
4703,
2004,
2019,
6832,
4654,
20464,
8067,
3508,
1011,
2391,
1010,
12055,
2052,
23569,
2000,
2058,
16558,
5004,
2010,
2972,
3948,
1010,
4525,
1999,
1037,
5377,
7491,
1998,
8040,
9910,
8450,
1999,
1996,
12456,
14643,
16339,
2846,
1997,
1996,
6602,
1012,
2489,
4166,
2001,
2209,
1999,
2885,
1999,
2112,
2138,
5389,
2107,
2004,
1037,
20853,
1010,
4202,
1010,
3889,
19959,
1010,
1998,
4388,
2079,
14277,
10536,
2985,
3668,
6993,
1997,
2051,
2045,
1010,
1998,
2647,
5389,
2107,
2004,
2745,
16019,
2099,
1998,
2198,
22975,
16066,
4886,
6158,
2000,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
2000,
3325,
2137,
2189,
2034,
11774,
1012,
2647,
3824,
4166,
2001,
5044,
2011,
2848,
22953,
5753,
5804,
1010,
2198,
7505,
2386,
1010,
1047,
28534,
17112,
3406,
2546,
12849,
7583,
2050,
1010,
1062,
5638,
29076,
7974,
15125,
7274,
18818,
15249,
1010,
12675,
2480,
9761,
3683,
1010,
16357,
19739,
21202,
1010,
3533,
5292,
18752,
14517,
1010,
4789,
2158,
12439,
16150,
16347,
2546,
1010,
8888,
12819,
1010,
5846,
20466,
1010,
2745,
11721,
24999,
1998,
3505,
2225,
9697,
1012,
2027,
2020,
9461,
2000,
4503,
8107,
2000,
2189,
2008,
7686,
2037,
4348,
1012,
2144,
1996,
4120,
1010,
5541,
6401,
1997,
4166,
1999,
2885,
2031,
2764,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1996,
5541,
4166,
3496,
1999,
7598,
1012,
2206,
1996,
2147,
1997,
7101,
7658,
3841,
11483,
2243,
1998,
9066,
28616,
3270,
27955,
2884,
4059,
1010,
5389,
2318,
2000,
8849,
2011,
17727,
12298,
9355,
13643,
2127,
1037,
2433,
1006,
8531,
1010,
6348,
1010,
1037,
3297,
2299,
1007,
2003,
2179,
4166,
6232,
4901,
23257,
8832,
1996,
2489,
4166,
3496,
1999,
7598,
1998,
2070,
1997,
2049,
2364,
16258,
21576,
2015,
2107,
2004,
1996,
24582,
2361,
1006,
7107,
9929,
4770,
1007,
4032,
1999,
2010,
2338,
2047,
3803,
7370,
1012,
2144,
1996,
4134,
6766,
24503,
2038,
8047,
2489,
4166,
2013,
6256,
1012,
2329,
3213,
6990,
16955,
2038,
5275,
2647,
3824,
4166,
2038,
2019,
4767,
2367,
2013,
2137,
4166,
1998,
4076,
1037,
2367,
22793,
1012,
3763,
4166,
2003,
4166,
2008,
13495,
3763,
2137,
17900,
1998,
2003,
3227,
5319,
2000,
2031,
1037,
2062,
3563,
3574,
2084,
3432,
4166,
2013,
3763,
2637,
1012,
1037,
2062,
10480,
2744,
2453,
2022,
17694,
1011,
3763,
4166,
1010,
2004,
1996,
4166,
4942,
6914,
2890,
4050,
13495,
17900,
2008,
2593,
2031,
1037,
3622,
11698,
1999,
3088,
2030,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"exhibit",
"an",
"african",
"rhythmic",
"influence",
"beyond",
"what",
"is",
"or",
"##dina",
"##rily",
"heard",
"in",
"other",
"jazz",
".",
"the",
"two",
"main",
"categories",
"of",
"latin",
"jazz",
"are",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz",
"and",
"brazilian",
"jazz",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1960s",
"and",
"1970s",
",",
"many",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"had",
"only",
"a",
"basic",
"understanding",
"of",
"cuban",
"and",
"brazilian",
"music",
",",
"and",
"jazz",
"compositions",
"which",
"used",
"cuban",
"or",
"brazilian",
"elements",
"were",
"often",
"referred",
"to",
"as",
"\"",
"latin",
"tunes",
"\"",
",",
"with",
"no",
"distinction",
"between",
"a",
"cuban",
"son",
"mont",
"##uno",
"and",
"a",
"brazilian",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
".",
"even",
"as",
"late",
"as",
"2000",
",",
"in",
"mark",
"grid",
"##ley",
"'",
"s",
"jazz",
"styles",
":",
"history",
"and",
"analysis",
",",
"a",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
"bass",
"line",
"is",
"referred",
"to",
"as",
"a",
"\"",
"latin",
"bass",
"figure",
"\"",
".",
"it",
"was",
"not",
"uncommon",
"during",
"the",
"1960s",
"and",
"1970s",
"to",
"hear",
"a",
"cong",
"##a",
"playing",
"a",
"cuban",
"tu",
"##mba",
"##o",
"while",
"the",
"drums",
"##et",
"and",
"bass",
"played",
"a",
"brazilian",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
"pattern",
".",
"many",
"jazz",
"standards",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"man",
"##tec",
"##a",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"on",
"green",
"dolphin",
"street",
"\"",
"and",
"\"",
"song",
"for",
"my",
"father",
"\"",
"have",
"a",
"\"",
"latin",
"\"",
"a",
"section",
"and",
"a",
"swung",
"b",
"section",
".",
"typically",
",",
"the",
"band",
"would",
"only",
"play",
"an",
"even",
"-",
"eighth",
"\"",
"latin",
"\"",
"feel",
"in",
"the",
"a",
"section",
"of",
"the",
"head",
"and",
"swing",
"throughout",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"solos",
".",
"latin",
"jazz",
"specialists",
"like",
"cal",
"t",
"##jad",
"##er",
"tended",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"exception",
".",
"for",
"example",
",",
"on",
"a",
"1959",
"live",
"t",
"##jad",
"##er",
"recording",
"of",
"\"",
"a",
"night",
"in",
"tunisia",
"\"",
",",
"pianist",
"vince",
"gu",
"##ara",
"##ld",
"##i",
"solo",
"##ed",
"through",
"the",
"entire",
"form",
"over",
"an",
"authentic",
"ma",
"##mbo",
".",
"for",
"most",
"of",
"its",
"history",
",",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz",
"had",
"been",
"a",
"matter",
"of",
"super",
"##im",
"##po",
"##sing",
"jazz",
"ph",
"##ras",
"##ing",
"over",
"cuban",
"rhythms",
".",
"but",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"1970s",
",",
"a",
"new",
"generation",
"of",
"new",
"york",
"city",
"musicians",
"had",
"emerged",
"who",
"were",
"fluent",
"in",
"both",
"salsa",
"dance",
"music",
"and",
"jazz",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"a",
"new",
"level",
"of",
"integration",
"of",
"jazz",
"and",
"cuban",
"rhythms",
".",
"this",
"era",
"of",
"creativity",
"and",
"vital",
"##ity",
"is",
"best",
"represented",
"by",
"the",
"gonzalez",
"brothers",
"jerry",
"(",
"cong",
"##as",
"and",
"trumpet",
")",
"and",
"andy",
"(",
"bass",
")",
".",
"during",
"1974",
"–",
"1976",
",",
"they",
"were",
"members",
"of",
"one",
"of",
"eddie",
"palm",
"##ieri",
"'",
"s",
"most",
"experimental",
"salsa",
"groups",
":",
"salsa",
"was",
"the",
"medium",
",",
"but",
"palm",
"##ieri",
"was",
"stretching",
"the",
"form",
"in",
"new",
"ways",
".",
"he",
"incorporated",
"parallel",
"fourth",
"##s",
",",
"with",
"mccoy",
"tyne",
"##r",
"-",
"type",
"vamps",
".",
"the",
"innovations",
"of",
"palm",
"##ieri",
",",
"the",
"gonzalez",
"brothers",
"and",
"others",
"led",
"to",
"an",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz",
"renaissance",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"city",
".",
"this",
"occurred",
"in",
"parallel",
"with",
"developments",
"in",
"cuba",
"the",
"first",
"cuban",
"band",
"of",
"this",
"new",
"wave",
"was",
"ira",
"##ker",
"##e",
".",
"their",
"\"",
"che",
"##ker",
"##e",
"-",
"son",
"\"",
"(",
"1976",
")",
"introduced",
"a",
"style",
"of",
"\"",
"cuban",
"##ized",
"\"",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"-",
"flavor",
"##ed",
"horn",
"lines",
"that",
"departed",
"from",
"the",
"more",
"angular"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 24,
"end_token_idx": 28,
"identifier": "/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz",
"tokens": [
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 77,
"end_token_idx": 80,
"identifier": "/wiki/Son_montuno",
"tokens": [
"son",
"mont",
"##uno"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 83,
"end_token_idx": 86,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bossa_nova",
"tokens": [
"boss",
"##a",
"nova"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 140,
"end_token_idx": 143,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tumbao",
"tokens": [
"tu",
"##mba",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 228,
"end_token_idx": 232,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cal_Tjader",
"tokens": [
"cal",
"t",
"##jad",
"##er"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 258,
"end_token_idx": 263,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vince_Guaraldi",
"tokens": [
"vince",
"gu",
"##ara",
"##ld",
"##i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 272,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mambo_(music)",
"tokens": [
"ma",
"##mbo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 325,
"end_token_idx": 326,
"identifier": "/wiki/Salsa_(music)",
"tokens": [
"salsa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 382,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eddie_Palmieri",
"tokens": [
"eddie",
"palm",
"##ieri"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 463,
"end_token_idx": 466,
"identifier": "/wiki/Irakere",
"tokens": [
"ira",
"##ker",
"##e"
]
}
] | [
101,
8327,
2019,
3060,
14797,
3747,
3458,
2054,
2003,
2030,
18979,
11272,
2657,
1999,
2060,
4166,
1012,
1996,
2048,
2364,
7236,
1997,
3763,
4166,
2024,
17694,
1011,
9642,
4166,
1998,
6142,
4166,
1012,
1999,
1996,
4120,
1998,
3955,
1010,
2116,
4166,
5389,
2018,
2069,
1037,
3937,
4824,
1997,
9642,
1998,
6142,
2189,
1010,
1998,
4166,
9265,
2029,
2109,
9642,
2030,
6142,
3787,
2020,
2411,
3615,
2000,
2004,
1000,
3763,
13281,
1000,
1010,
2007,
2053,
7835,
2090,
1037,
9642,
2365,
18318,
27819,
1998,
1037,
6142,
5795,
2050,
6846,
1012,
2130,
2004,
2397,
2004,
2456,
1010,
1999,
2928,
8370,
3051,
1005,
1055,
4166,
6782,
1024,
2381,
1998,
4106,
1010,
1037,
5795,
2050,
6846,
3321,
2240,
2003,
3615,
2000,
2004,
1037,
1000,
3763,
3321,
3275,
1000,
1012,
2009,
2001,
2025,
13191,
2076,
1996,
4120,
1998,
3955,
2000,
2963,
1037,
26478,
2050,
2652,
1037,
9642,
10722,
11201,
2080,
2096,
1996,
3846,
3388,
1998,
3321,
2209,
1037,
6142,
5795,
2050,
6846,
5418,
1012,
2116,
4166,
4781,
2107,
2004,
1000,
2158,
26557,
2050,
1000,
1010,
1000,
2006,
2665,
17801,
2395,
1000,
1998,
1000,
2299,
2005,
2026,
2269,
1000,
2031,
1037,
1000,
3763,
1000,
1037,
2930,
1998,
1037,
7671,
1038,
2930,
1012,
4050,
1010,
1996,
2316,
2052,
2069,
2377,
2019,
2130,
1011,
5964,
1000,
3763,
1000,
2514,
1999,
1996,
1037,
2930,
1997,
1996,
2132,
1998,
7370,
2802,
2035,
1997,
1996,
24339,
1012,
3763,
4166,
15744,
2066,
10250,
1056,
27875,
2121,
11121,
2000,
2022,
1996,
6453,
1012,
2005,
2742,
1010,
2006,
1037,
3851,
2444,
1056,
27875,
2121,
3405,
1997,
1000,
1037,
2305,
1999,
13437,
1000,
1010,
9066,
12159,
19739,
5400,
6392,
2072,
3948,
2098,
2083,
1996,
2972,
2433,
2058,
2019,
14469,
5003,
13344,
1012,
2005,
2087,
1997,
2049,
2381,
1010,
17694,
1011,
9642,
4166,
2018,
2042,
1037,
3043,
1997,
3565,
5714,
6873,
7741,
4166,
6887,
8180,
2075,
2058,
9642,
17900,
1012,
2021,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
3955,
1010,
1037,
2047,
4245,
1997,
2047,
2259,
2103,
5389,
2018,
6003,
2040,
2020,
19376,
1999,
2119,
26509,
3153,
2189,
1998,
4166,
1010,
2877,
2000,
1037,
2047,
2504,
1997,
8346,
1997,
4166,
1998,
9642,
17900,
1012,
2023,
3690,
1997,
14842,
1998,
8995,
3012,
2003,
2190,
3421,
2011,
1996,
10121,
3428,
6128,
1006,
26478,
3022,
1998,
9368,
1007,
1998,
5557,
1006,
3321,
1007,
1012,
2076,
3326,
1516,
3299,
1010,
2027,
2020,
2372,
1997,
2028,
1997,
5752,
5340,
21939,
1005,
1055,
2087,
6388,
26509,
2967,
1024,
26509,
2001,
1996,
5396,
1010,
2021,
5340,
21939,
2001,
10917,
1996,
2433,
1999,
2047,
3971,
1012,
2002,
5100,
5903,
2959,
2015,
1010,
2007,
16075,
17742,
2099,
1011,
2828,
24064,
1012,
1996,
15463,
1997,
5340,
21939,
1010,
1996,
10121,
3428,
1998,
2500,
2419,
2000,
2019,
17694,
1011,
9642,
4166,
8028,
1999,
2047,
2259,
2103,
1012,
2023,
4158,
1999,
5903,
2007,
8973,
1999,
7394,
1996,
2034,
9642,
2316,
1997,
2023,
2047,
4400,
2001,
11209,
5484,
2063,
1012,
2037,
1000,
18178,
5484,
2063,
1011,
2365,
1000,
1006,
3299,
1007,
3107,
1037,
2806,
1997,
1000,
9642,
3550,
1000,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1011,
14894,
2098,
7109,
3210,
2008,
7745,
2013,
1996,
2062,
16108,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"gu",
"##aj",
"##eo",
"-",
"based",
"lines",
"which",
"were",
"typical",
"of",
"cuban",
"popular",
"music",
"and",
"latin",
"jazz",
"up",
"until",
"that",
"time",
".",
"it",
"was",
"based",
"on",
"charlie",
"parker",
"'",
"s",
"composition",
"\"",
"billie",
"'",
"s",
"bounce",
"\"",
",",
"ju",
"##mbled",
"together",
"in",
"a",
"way",
"that",
"fused",
"cl",
"##ave",
"and",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
"horn",
"lines",
".",
"in",
"spite",
"of",
"the",
"am",
"##bi",
"##vale",
"##nce",
"of",
"some",
"band",
"members",
"towards",
"ira",
"##ker",
"##e",
"'",
"s",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"folk",
"##lor",
"##ic",
"/",
"jazz",
"fusion",
",",
"their",
"experiments",
"forever",
"changed",
"cuban",
"jazz",
":",
"their",
"innovations",
"are",
"still",
"heard",
"in",
"the",
"high",
"level",
"of",
"harmonic",
"and",
"rhythmic",
"complexity",
"in",
"cuban",
"jazz",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"jazz",
"##y",
"and",
"complex",
"contemporary",
"form",
"of",
"popular",
"dance",
"music",
"known",
"as",
"tim",
"##ba",
".",
"brazilian",
"jazz",
",",
"such",
"as",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
",",
"is",
"derived",
"from",
"samba",
",",
"with",
"influences",
"from",
"jazz",
"and",
"other",
"20th",
"-",
"century",
"classical",
"and",
"popular",
"music",
"styles",
".",
"boss",
"##a",
"is",
"generally",
"moderately",
"paced",
",",
"with",
"melodies",
"sung",
"in",
"portuguese",
"or",
"english",
",",
"whilst",
"the",
"related",
"jazz",
"-",
"samba",
"is",
"an",
"adaptation",
"of",
"street",
"samba",
"into",
"jazz",
".",
"the",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
"style",
"was",
"pioneered",
"by",
"brazilian",
"##s",
"joao",
"gilbert",
"##o",
"and",
"antonio",
"carlos",
"job",
"##im",
"and",
"was",
"made",
"popular",
"by",
"eli",
"##ze",
"##te",
"card",
"##oso",
"'",
"s",
"recording",
"of",
"\"",
"che",
"##ga",
"de",
"sa",
"##uda",
"##de",
"\"",
"on",
"the",
"can",
"##cao",
"do",
"amor",
"dem",
"##ais",
"lp",
".",
"gilbert",
"##o",
"'",
"s",
"initial",
"releases",
",",
"and",
"the",
"1959",
"film",
"black",
"or",
"##pheus",
",",
"achieved",
"significant",
"popularity",
"in",
"latin",
"america",
";",
"this",
"spread",
"to",
"north",
"america",
"via",
"visiting",
"american",
"jazz",
"musicians",
".",
"the",
"resulting",
"recordings",
"by",
"charlie",
"byrd",
"and",
"stan",
"get",
"##z",
"cement",
"##ed",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
"'",
"s",
"popularity",
"and",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"worldwide",
"boom",
",",
"with",
"1963",
"'",
"s",
"get",
"##z",
"/",
"gilbert",
"##o",
",",
"numerous",
"recordings",
"by",
"famous",
"jazz",
"performers",
"such",
"as",
"ella",
"fitzgerald",
"and",
"frank",
"sinatra",
",",
"and",
"the",
"eventual",
"en",
"##tre",
"##nch",
"##ment",
"of",
"the",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
"style",
"as",
"a",
"lasting",
"influence",
"in",
"world",
"music",
".",
"brazilian",
"percussion",
"##ists",
"such",
"as",
"air",
"##to",
"more",
"##ira",
"and",
"nana",
"va",
"##sco",
"##nce",
"##los",
"also",
"influenced",
"jazz",
"internationally",
"by",
"introducing",
"afro",
"-",
"brazilian",
"folk",
"##lor",
"##ic",
"instruments",
"and",
"rhythms",
"into",
"a",
"wide",
"variety",
"of",
"jazz",
"styles",
",",
"thus",
"attracting",
"a",
"greater",
"audience",
"to",
"them",
".",
"while",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
"has",
"been",
"labeled",
"as",
"jazz",
"by",
"music",
"critics",
",",
"namely",
"those",
"from",
"outside",
"of",
"brazil",
",",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"rejected",
"by",
"many",
"prominent",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"job",
"##im",
",",
"who",
"once",
"said",
"\"",
"boss",
"##a",
"nova",
"is",
"not",
"brazilian",
"jazz",
".",
"\"",
"the",
"first",
"jazz",
"standard",
"composed",
"by",
"a",
"non",
"-",
"latino",
"to",
"use",
"an",
"over",
"##t",
"african",
"128",
"cross",
"-",
"rhythm",
"was",
"wayne",
"shorter",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"footprints",
"\"",
"(",
"1967",
")",
".",
"on",
"the",
"version",
"recorded",
"on",
"miles",
"smiles",
"by",
"miles",
"davis",
",",
"the",
"bass",
"switches",
"to",
"a",
"44",
"tres",
"##illo",
"figure",
"at",
"2",
":",
"20",
".",
"\"",
"footprints",
"\"",
"is",
"not",
",",
"however",
",",
"a",
"latin",
"jazz",
"tune"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 121,
"end_token_idx": 123,
"identifier": "/wiki/Timba",
"tokens": [
"tim",
"##ba"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 129,
"end_token_idx": 132,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bossa_nova",
"tokens": [
"boss",
"##a",
"nova"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 136,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Samba",
"tokens": [
"samba"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 196,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto",
"tokens": [
"joao",
"gilbert",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 197,
"end_token_idx": 201,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim",
"tokens": [
"antonio",
"carlos",
"job",
"##im"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 206,
"end_token_idx": 211,
"identifier": "/wiki/Elizete_Cardoso",
"tokens": [
"eli",
"##ze",
"##te",
"card",
"##oso"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 216,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chega_de_Saudade",
"tokens": [
"che",
"##ga",
"de",
"sa",
"##uda",
"##de"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 225,
"end_token_idx": 231,
"identifier": "/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Amor_Demais",
"tokens": [
"can",
"##cao",
"do",
"amor",
"dem",
"##ais"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 244,
"end_token_idx": 247,
"identifier": "/wiki/Black_Orpheus",
"tokens": [
"black",
"or",
"##pheus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 252,
"end_token_idx": 254,
"identifier": "/wiki/Latin_America",
"tokens": [
"latin",
"america"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 270,
"end_token_idx": 272,
"identifier": "/wiki/Charlie_Byrd",
"tokens": [
"charlie",
"byrd"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 295,
"end_token_idx": 300,
"identifier": "/wiki/Getz/Gilberto",
"tokens": [
"get",
"##z",
"/",
"gilbert",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 309,
"end_token_idx": 311,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald",
"tokens": [
"ella",
"fitzgerald"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 312,
"end_token_idx": 314,
"identifier": "/wiki/Frank_Sinatra",
"tokens": [
"frank",
"sinatra"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 341,
"end_token_idx": 345,
"identifier": "/wiki/Airto_Moreira",
"tokens": [
"air",
"##to",
"more",
"##ira"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 346,
"end_token_idx": 351,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos",
"tokens": [
"nana",
"va",
"##sco",
"##nce",
"##los"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 433,
"end_token_idx": 435,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_standard",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"standard"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 452,
"end_token_idx": 454,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wayne_Shorter",
"tokens": [
"wayne",
"shorter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 457,
"end_token_idx": 458,
"identifier": "/wiki/Footprints_(composition)",
"tokens": [
"footprints"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 471,
"end_token_idx": 473,
"identifier": "/wiki/Miles_Davis",
"tokens": [
"miles",
"davis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 480,
"end_token_idx": 482,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)",
"tokens": [
"tres",
"##illo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 497,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/Latin_jazz",
"tokens": [
"latin",
"jazz"
]
}
] | [
101,
19739,
13006,
8780,
1011,
2241,
3210,
2029,
2020,
5171,
1997,
9642,
2759,
2189,
1998,
3763,
4166,
2039,
2127,
2008,
2051,
1012,
2009,
2001,
2241,
2006,
4918,
6262,
1005,
1055,
5512,
1000,
18210,
1005,
1055,
17523,
1000,
1010,
18414,
23931,
2362,
1999,
1037,
2126,
2008,
19660,
18856,
10696,
1998,
2022,
5092,
2361,
7109,
3210,
1012,
1999,
8741,
1997,
1996,
2572,
5638,
17479,
5897,
1997,
2070,
2316,
2372,
2875,
11209,
5484,
2063,
1005,
1055,
17694,
1011,
9642,
5154,
10626,
2594,
1013,
4166,
10077,
1010,
2037,
7885,
5091,
2904,
9642,
4166,
1024,
2037,
15463,
2024,
2145,
2657,
1999,
1996,
2152,
2504,
1997,
19452,
1998,
14797,
11619,
1999,
9642,
4166,
1998,
1999,
1996,
4166,
2100,
1998,
3375,
3824,
2433,
1997,
2759,
3153,
2189,
2124,
2004,
5199,
3676,
1012,
6142,
4166,
1010,
2107,
2004,
5795,
2050,
6846,
1010,
2003,
5173,
2013,
29086,
1010,
2007,
8092,
2013,
4166,
1998,
2060,
3983,
1011,
2301,
4556,
1998,
2759,
2189,
6782,
1012,
5795,
2050,
2003,
3227,
17844,
13823,
1010,
2007,
16106,
7042,
1999,
5077,
2030,
2394,
1010,
5819,
1996,
3141,
4166,
1011,
29086,
2003,
2019,
6789,
1997,
2395,
29086,
2046,
4166,
1012,
1996,
5795,
2050,
6846,
2806,
2001,
16193,
2011,
6142,
2015,
16304,
7664,
2080,
1998,
4980,
5828,
3105,
5714,
1998,
2001,
2081,
2759,
2011,
12005,
4371,
2618,
4003,
19137,
1005,
1055,
3405,
1997,
1000,
18178,
3654,
2139,
7842,
14066,
3207,
1000,
2006,
1996,
2064,
20808,
2079,
16095,
17183,
15593,
6948,
1012,
7664,
2080,
1005,
1055,
3988,
7085,
1010,
1998,
1996,
3851,
2143,
2304,
2030,
22809,
1010,
4719,
3278,
6217,
1999,
3763,
2637,
1025,
2023,
3659,
2000,
2167,
2637,
3081,
5873,
2137,
4166,
5389,
1012,
1996,
4525,
5633,
2011,
4918,
17845,
1998,
9761,
2131,
2480,
11297,
2098,
5795,
2050,
6846,
1005,
1055,
6217,
1998,
2419,
2000,
1037,
4969,
8797,
1010,
2007,
3699,
1005,
1055,
2131,
2480,
1013,
7664,
2080,
1010,
3365,
5633,
2011,
3297,
4166,
9567,
2107,
2004,
11713,
11864,
1998,
3581,
19643,
1010,
1998,
1996,
9523,
4372,
7913,
12680,
3672,
1997,
1996,
5795,
2050,
6846,
2806,
2004,
1037,
9879,
3747,
1999,
2088,
2189,
1012,
6142,
6333,
5130,
2107,
2004,
2250,
3406,
2062,
7895,
1998,
17810,
12436,
9363,
5897,
10483,
2036,
5105,
4166,
7587,
2011,
10449,
17694,
1011,
6142,
5154,
10626,
2594,
5693,
1998,
17900,
2046,
1037,
2898,
3528,
1997,
4166,
6782,
1010,
2947,
15411,
1037,
3618,
4378,
2000,
2068,
1012,
2096,
5795,
2050,
6846,
2038,
2042,
12599,
2004,
4166,
2011,
2189,
4401,
1010,
8419,
2216,
2013,
2648,
1997,
4380,
1010,
2009,
2038,
2042,
5837,
2011,
2116,
4069,
5795,
2050,
6846,
5389,
2107,
2004,
3105,
5714,
1010,
2040,
2320,
2056,
1000,
5795,
2050,
6846,
2003,
2025,
6142,
4166,
1012,
1000,
1996,
2034,
4166,
3115,
3605,
2011,
1037,
2512,
1011,
7402,
2000,
2224,
2019,
2058,
2102,
3060,
11899,
2892,
1011,
6348,
2001,
6159,
7820,
1005,
1055,
1000,
24629,
1000,
1006,
3476,
1007,
1012,
2006,
1996,
2544,
2680,
2006,
2661,
8451,
2011,
2661,
4482,
1010,
1996,
3321,
15924,
2000,
1037,
4008,
24403,
10486,
3275,
2012,
1016,
1024,
2322,
1012,
1000,
24629,
1000,
2003,
2025,
1010,
2174,
1010,
1037,
3763,
4166,
8694,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
":",
"african",
"rhythmic",
"structures",
"are",
"accessed",
"directly",
"by",
"ron",
"carter",
"(",
"bass",
")",
"and",
"tony",
"williams",
"(",
"drums",
")",
"via",
"the",
"rhythmic",
"sen",
"##si",
"##bilities",
"of",
"swing",
".",
"throughout",
"the",
"piece",
",",
"the",
"four",
"beats",
",",
"whether",
"sounded",
"or",
"not",
",",
"are",
"maintained",
"as",
"the",
"temporal",
"refer",
"##ent",
".",
"the",
"following",
"example",
"shows",
"the",
"128",
"and",
"44",
"forms",
"of",
"the",
"bass",
"line",
".",
"the",
"slashed",
"note",
"##heads",
"indicate",
"the",
"main",
"beats",
"(",
"not",
"bass",
"notes",
")",
",",
"where",
"one",
"or",
"##dina",
"##rily",
"taps",
"their",
"foot",
"to",
"\"",
"keep",
"time",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scales",
"was",
"another",
"trend",
"associated",
"with",
"africa",
".",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scales",
"in",
"africa",
"probably",
"goes",
"back",
"thousands",
"of",
"years",
".",
"mccoy",
"tyne",
"##r",
"perfect",
"##ed",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"the",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scale",
"in",
"his",
"solos",
",",
"and",
"also",
"used",
"parallel",
"fifth",
"##s",
"and",
"fourth",
"##s",
",",
"which",
"are",
"common",
"harmonies",
"in",
"west",
"africa",
".",
"the",
"minor",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scale",
"is",
"often",
"used",
"in",
"blues",
"improvisation",
",",
"and",
"like",
"a",
"blues",
"scale",
",",
"a",
"minor",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scale",
"can",
"be",
"played",
"over",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"chords",
"in",
"a",
"blues",
".",
"the",
"following",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"lick",
"was",
"played",
"over",
"blues",
"changes",
"by",
"joe",
"henderson",
"on",
"horace",
"silver",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"african",
"queen",
"\"",
"(",
"1965",
")",
".",
"jazz",
"pianist",
",",
"theorist",
",",
"and",
"educator",
"mark",
"levine",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"scale",
"generated",
"by",
"beginning",
"on",
"the",
"fifth",
"step",
"of",
"a",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scale",
"as",
"the",
"v",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scale",
".",
"levine",
"points",
"out",
"that",
"the",
"v",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scale",
"works",
"for",
"all",
"three",
"chords",
"of",
"the",
"standard",
"ii",
"–",
"v",
"–",
"i",
"jazz",
"progression",
".",
"this",
"is",
"a",
"very",
"common",
"progression",
",",
"used",
"in",
"pieces",
"such",
"as",
"miles",
"davis",
"'",
"\"",
"tune",
"up",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"following",
"example",
"shows",
"the",
"v",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scale",
"over",
"a",
"ii",
"–",
"v",
"–",
"i",
"progression",
".",
"accordingly",
",",
"john",
"colt",
"##rane",
"'",
"s",
"\"",
"giant",
"steps",
"\"",
"(",
"1960",
")",
",",
"with",
"its",
"26",
"chords",
"per",
"16",
"bars",
",",
"can",
"be",
"played",
"using",
"only",
"three",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scales",
".",
"colt",
"##rane",
"studied",
"nicolas",
"sl",
"##oni",
"##ms",
"##ky",
"'",
"s",
"the",
"##saurus",
"of",
"scales",
"and",
"melodic",
"patterns",
",",
"which",
"contains",
"material",
"that",
"is",
"virtually",
"identical",
"to",
"portions",
"of",
"\"",
"giant",
"steps",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"harmonic",
"complexity",
"of",
"\"",
"giant",
"steps",
"\"",
"is",
"on",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"advanced",
"20th",
"-",
"century",
"art",
"music",
".",
"super",
"##im",
"##po",
"##sing",
"the",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scale",
"over",
"\"",
"giant",
"steps",
"\"",
"is",
"not",
"merely",
"a",
"matter",
"of",
"harmonic",
"sim",
"##pl",
"##ification",
",",
"but",
"also",
"a",
"sort",
"of",
"\"",
"african",
"##izing",
"\"",
"of",
"the",
"piece",
",",
"which",
"provides",
"an",
"alternate",
"approach",
"for",
"solo",
"##ing",
".",
"mark",
"levine",
"observes",
"that",
"when",
"mixed",
"in",
"with",
"more",
"conventional",
"\"",
"playing",
"the",
"changes",
"\"",
",",
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scales",
"provide",
"\"",
"structure",
"and",
"a",
"feeling",
"of",
"increased",
"space",
"\"",
".",
"as",
"noted",
"above",
",",
"jazz",
"has",
"incorporated",
"from",
"its",
"inception",
"aspects",
"of",
"african",
"-"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 8,
"end_token_idx": 10,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ron_Carter",
"tokens": [
"ron",
"carter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 16,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tony_Williams_(drummer)",
"tokens": [
"tony",
"williams"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 26,
"end_token_idx": 27,
"identifier": "/wiki/Swing_(jazz_performance_style)",
"tokens": [
"swing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 70,
"end_token_idx": 71,
"identifier": "/wiki/Beat_music",
"tokens": [
"beats"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 94,
"end_token_idx": 98,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pentatonic_scale",
"tokens": [
"pen",
"##tat",
"##onic",
"scales"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 121,
"end_token_idx": 124,
"identifier": "/wiki/McCoy_Tyner",
"tokens": [
"mccoy",
"tyne",
"##r"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 205,
"end_token_idx": 207,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_Henderson",
"tokens": [
"joe",
"henderson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 208,
"end_token_idx": 210,
"identifier": "/wiki/Horace_Silver",
"tokens": [
"horace",
"silver"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 227,
"end_token_idx": 229,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mark_Levine_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"mark",
"levine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 327,
"end_token_idx": 329,
"identifier": "/wiki/Giant_Steps",
"tokens": [
"giant",
"steps"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 361,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nicolas_Slonimsky",
"tokens": [
"nicolas",
"sl",
"##oni",
"##ms",
"##ky"
]
}
] | [
101,
1024,
3060,
14797,
5090,
2024,
11570,
3495,
2011,
6902,
5708,
1006,
3321,
1007,
1998,
4116,
3766,
1006,
3846,
1007,
3081,
1996,
14797,
12411,
5332,
14680,
1997,
7370,
1012,
2802,
1996,
3538,
1010,
1996,
2176,
10299,
1010,
3251,
5015,
2030,
2025,
1010,
2024,
5224,
2004,
1996,
15850,
6523,
4765,
1012,
1996,
2206,
2742,
3065,
1996,
11899,
1998,
4008,
3596,
1997,
1996,
3321,
2240,
1012,
1996,
23587,
3602,
13038,
5769,
1996,
2364,
10299,
1006,
2025,
3321,
3964,
1007,
1010,
2073,
2028,
2030,
18979,
11272,
25316,
2037,
3329,
2000,
1000,
2562,
2051,
1000,
1012,
1996,
2224,
1997,
7279,
29336,
12356,
9539,
2001,
2178,
9874,
3378,
2007,
3088,
1012,
1996,
2224,
1997,
7279,
29336,
12356,
9539,
1999,
3088,
2763,
3632,
2067,
5190,
1997,
2086,
1012,
16075,
17742,
2099,
3819,
2098,
1996,
2224,
1997,
1996,
7279,
29336,
12356,
4094,
1999,
2010,
24339,
1010,
1998,
2036,
2109,
5903,
3587,
2015,
1998,
2959,
2015,
1010,
2029,
2024,
2691,
28594,
1999,
2225,
3088,
1012,
1996,
3576,
7279,
29336,
12356,
4094,
2003,
2411,
2109,
1999,
5132,
24584,
1010,
1998,
2066,
1037,
5132,
4094,
1010,
1037,
3576,
7279,
29336,
12356,
4094,
2064,
2022,
2209,
2058,
2035,
1997,
1996,
18495,
1999,
1037,
5132,
1012,
1996,
2206,
7279,
29336,
12356,
15385,
2001,
2209,
2058,
5132,
3431,
2011,
3533,
9481,
2006,
12757,
3165,
1005,
1055,
1000,
3060,
3035,
1000,
1006,
3551,
1007,
1012,
4166,
9066,
1010,
24241,
1010,
1998,
11490,
2928,
17780,
5218,
2000,
1996,
4094,
7013,
2011,
2927,
2006,
1996,
3587,
3357,
1997,
1037,
7279,
29336,
12356,
4094,
2004,
1996,
1058,
7279,
29336,
12356,
4094,
1012,
17780,
2685,
2041,
2008,
1996,
1058,
7279,
29336,
12356,
4094,
2573,
2005,
2035,
2093,
18495,
1997,
1996,
3115,
2462,
1516,
1058,
1516,
1045,
4166,
14967,
1012,
2023,
2003,
1037,
2200,
2691,
14967,
1010,
2109,
1999,
4109,
2107,
2004,
2661,
4482,
1005,
1000,
8694,
2039,
1000,
1012,
1996,
2206,
2742,
3065,
1996,
1058,
7279,
29336,
12356,
4094,
2058,
1037,
2462,
1516,
1058,
1516,
1045,
14967,
1012,
11914,
1010,
2198,
9110,
18053,
1005,
1055,
1000,
5016,
4084,
1000,
1006,
3624,
1007,
1010,
2007,
2049,
2656,
18495,
2566,
2385,
6963,
1010,
2064,
2022,
2209,
2478,
2069,
2093,
7279,
29336,
12356,
9539,
1012,
9110,
18053,
3273,
9473,
22889,
10698,
5244,
4801,
1005,
1055,
1996,
22244,
1997,
9539,
1998,
17187,
7060,
1010,
2029,
3397,
3430,
2008,
2003,
8990,
7235,
2000,
8810,
1997,
1000,
5016,
4084,
1000,
1012,
1996,
19452,
11619,
1997,
1000,
5016,
4084,
1000,
2003,
2006,
1996,
2504,
1997,
1996,
2087,
3935,
3983,
1011,
2301,
2396,
2189,
1012,
3565,
5714,
6873,
7741,
1996,
7279,
29336,
12356,
4094,
2058,
1000,
5016,
4084,
1000,
2003,
2025,
6414,
1037,
3043,
1997,
19452,
21934,
24759,
9031,
1010,
2021,
2036,
1037,
4066,
1997,
1000,
3060,
6026,
1000,
1997,
1996,
3538,
1010,
2029,
3640,
2019,
6585,
3921,
2005,
3948,
2075,
1012,
2928,
17780,
24451,
2008,
2043,
3816,
1999,
2007,
2062,
7511,
1000,
2652,
1996,
3431,
1000,
1010,
7279,
29336,
12356,
9539,
3073,
1000,
3252,
1998,
1037,
3110,
1997,
3445,
2686,
1000,
1012,
2004,
3264,
2682,
1010,
4166,
2038,
5100,
2013,
2049,
12149,
5919,
1997,
3060,
1011,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"american",
"sacred",
"music",
"including",
"spiritual",
"##s",
"and",
"hymns",
".",
"secular",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"often",
"performed",
"rendition",
"##s",
"of",
"spiritual",
"##s",
"and",
"hymns",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"their",
"repertoire",
"or",
"isolated",
"compositions",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"come",
"sunday",
"\"",
",",
"part",
"of",
"\"",
"black",
"and",
"beige",
"suite",
"\"",
"by",
"duke",
"ellington",
".",
"later",
"many",
"other",
"jazz",
"artists",
"borrowed",
"from",
"black",
"gospel",
"music",
".",
"however",
",",
"it",
"was",
"only",
"after",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"that",
"a",
"few",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"began",
"to",
"compose",
"and",
"perform",
"extended",
"works",
"intended",
"for",
"religious",
"settings",
"or",
"as",
"religious",
"expression",
".",
"since",
"the",
"1950s",
",",
"sacred",
"and",
"liturgical",
"music",
"has",
"been",
"performed",
"and",
"recorded",
"by",
"many",
"prominent",
"jazz",
"composers",
"and",
"musicians",
".",
"the",
"\"",
"abyss",
"##inian",
"mass",
"\"",
"by",
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"mars",
"##alis",
"(",
"blue",
"##eng",
"##ine",
"records",
",",
"2016",
")",
"is",
"a",
"recent",
"example",
".",
"relatively",
"little",
"has",
"been",
"written",
"about",
"sacred",
"and",
"liturgical",
"jazz",
".",
"in",
"a",
"2013",
"doctoral",
"dissertation",
",",
"angelo",
"versa",
"##ce",
"examined",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"sacred",
"jazz",
"in",
"the",
"1950s",
"using",
"disciplines",
"of",
"music",
"##ology",
"and",
"history",
".",
"he",
"noted",
"that",
"the",
"traditions",
"of",
"black",
"gospel",
"music",
"and",
"jazz",
"were",
"combined",
"in",
"the",
"1950s",
"to",
"produce",
"a",
"new",
"genre",
",",
"\"",
"sacred",
"jazz",
"\"",
".",
"versa",
"##ce",
"maintained",
"that",
"the",
"religious",
"intent",
"separates",
"sacred",
"from",
"secular",
"jazz",
".",
"most",
"prominent",
"in",
"initiating",
"the",
"sacred",
"jazz",
"movement",
"were",
"pianist",
"and",
"composer",
"mary",
"lou",
"williams",
",",
"known",
"for",
"her",
"jazz",
"masses",
"in",
"the",
"1950s",
"and",
"duke",
"ellington",
".",
"prior",
"to",
"his",
"death",
"in",
"1974",
"in",
"response",
"to",
"contacts",
"from",
"grace",
"cathedral",
"in",
"san",
"francisco",
",",
"duke",
"ellington",
"wrote",
"three",
"sacred",
"concerts",
":",
"1965",
"–",
"a",
"concert",
"of",
"sacred",
"music",
";",
"1968",
"–",
"second",
"sacred",
"concert",
";",
"1973",
"–",
"third",
"sacred",
"concert",
".",
"the",
"most",
"prominent",
"form",
"of",
"sacred",
"and",
"liturgical",
"jazz",
"is",
"the",
"jazz",
"mass",
".",
"although",
"most",
"often",
"performed",
"in",
"a",
"concert",
"setting",
"rather",
"than",
"church",
"worship",
"setting",
",",
"this",
"form",
"has",
"many",
"examples",
".",
"an",
"eminent",
"example",
"of",
"composers",
"of",
"the",
"jazz",
"mass",
"was",
"mary",
"lou",
"williams",
".",
"williams",
"converted",
"to",
"catholicism",
"in",
"1957",
",",
"and",
"proceeded",
"to",
"compose",
"three",
"masses",
"in",
"the",
"jazz",
"id",
"##iom",
".",
"one",
"was",
"composed",
"in",
"1968",
"to",
"honor",
"the",
"recently",
"assassinated",
"martin",
"luther",
"king",
"jr",
".",
"and",
"the",
"third",
"was",
"commissioned",
"by",
"a",
"pontifical",
"commission",
".",
"it",
"was",
"performed",
"once",
"in",
"1975",
"in",
"st",
"patrick",
"'",
"s",
"cathedral",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"city",
".",
"however",
"the",
"catholic",
"church",
"has",
"not",
"embraced",
"jazz",
"as",
"appropriate",
"for",
"worship",
".",
"in",
"1966",
"joe",
"masters",
"recorded",
"\"",
"jazz",
"mass",
"\"",
"for",
"columbia",
"records",
".",
"a",
"jazz",
"ensemble",
"was",
"joined",
"by",
"soloists",
"and",
"choir",
"using",
"the",
"english",
"text",
"of",
"the",
"roman",
"catholic",
"mass",
".",
"other",
"examples",
"include",
"\"",
"jazz",
"mass",
"in",
"concert",
"\"",
"by",
"lal",
"##o",
"sc",
"##hiff",
"##rin",
"(",
"ale",
"##ph",
"records",
",",
"1998",
",",
"up",
"##c",
"06",
"##51",
"##70",
"##26",
"##32",
"##7",
"##25",
")",
"and",
"\"",
"jazz",
"mass",
"\"",
"by",
"vince",
"gu",
"##ara",
"##ld",
"##i",
"(",
"fantasy",
"records",
",",
"1965",
")",
".",
"in",
"england",
",",
"classical",
"composer",
"will",
"todd",
"recorded",
"his",
"\"",
"jazz",
"miss"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 45,
"end_token_idx": 47,
"identifier": "/wiki/Duke_Ellington",
"tokens": [
"duke",
"ellington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 58,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gospel_music",
"tokens": [
"gospel",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 117,
"end_token_idx": 122,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis",
"tokens": [
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"mars",
"##alis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 224,
"end_token_idx": 227,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mary_Lou_Williams",
"tokens": [
"mary",
"lou",
"williams"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 237,
"end_token_idx": 239,
"identifier": "/wiki/Duke_Ellington",
"tokens": [
"duke",
"ellington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 257,
"end_token_idx": 259,
"identifier": "/wiki/Duke_Ellington",
"tokens": [
"duke",
"ellington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 328,
"end_token_idx": 331,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mary_Lou_Williams",
"tokens": [
"mary",
"lou",
"williams"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 359,
"end_token_idx": 366,
"identifier": "/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.",
"tokens": [
"recently",
"assassinated",
"martin",
"luther",
"king",
"jr",
"."
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 395,
"end_token_idx": 397,
"identifier": "/wiki/Catholic_Church",
"tokens": [
"catholic",
"church"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 448,
"end_token_idx": 453,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lalo_Schiffrin",
"tokens": [
"lal",
"##o",
"sc",
"##hiff",
"##rin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 476,
"end_token_idx": 481,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vince_Guaraldi",
"tokens": [
"vince",
"gu",
"##ara",
"##ld",
"##i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 493,
"end_token_idx": 495,
"identifier": "/wiki/Will_Todd",
"tokens": [
"will",
"todd"
]
}
] | [
101,
2137,
6730,
2189,
2164,
6259,
2015,
1998,
17777,
1012,
10644,
4166,
5389,
2411,
2864,
19187,
2015,
1997,
6259,
2015,
1998,
17777,
2004,
2112,
1997,
2037,
13646,
2030,
7275,
9265,
2107,
2004,
1000,
2272,
4465,
1000,
1010,
2112,
1997,
1000,
2304,
1998,
28799,
7621,
1000,
2011,
3804,
21630,
1012,
2101,
2116,
2060,
4166,
3324,
11780,
2013,
2304,
8036,
2189,
1012,
2174,
1010,
2009,
2001,
2069,
2044,
2088,
2162,
2462,
2008,
1037,
2261,
4166,
5389,
2211,
2000,
17202,
1998,
4685,
3668,
2573,
3832,
2005,
3412,
10906,
2030,
2004,
3412,
3670,
1012,
2144,
1996,
4856,
1010,
6730,
1998,
19246,
2189,
2038,
2042,
2864,
1998,
2680,
2011,
2116,
4069,
4166,
9929,
1998,
5389,
1012,
1996,
1000,
22159,
15830,
3742,
1000,
2011,
1059,
6038,
2669,
7733,
13911,
1006,
2630,
13159,
3170,
2636,
1010,
2355,
1007,
2003,
1037,
3522,
2742,
1012,
4659,
2210,
2038,
2042,
2517,
2055,
6730,
1998,
19246,
4166,
1012,
1999,
1037,
2286,
11316,
14481,
1010,
12262,
18601,
3401,
8920,
1996,
2458,
1997,
6730,
4166,
1999,
1996,
4856,
2478,
12736,
1997,
2189,
6779,
1998,
2381,
1012,
2002,
3264,
2008,
1996,
7443,
1997,
2304,
8036,
2189,
1998,
4166,
2020,
4117,
1999,
1996,
4856,
2000,
3965,
1037,
2047,
6907,
1010,
1000,
6730,
4166,
1000,
1012,
18601,
3401,
5224,
2008,
1996,
3412,
7848,
18600,
6730,
2013,
10644,
4166,
1012,
2087,
4069,
1999,
26616,
1996,
6730,
4166,
2929,
2020,
9066,
1998,
4543,
2984,
10223,
3766,
1010,
2124,
2005,
2014,
4166,
11678,
1999,
1996,
4856,
1998,
3804,
21630,
1012,
3188,
2000,
2010,
2331,
1999,
3326,
1999,
3433,
2000,
10402,
2013,
4519,
5040,
1999,
2624,
3799,
1010,
3804,
21630,
2626,
2093,
6730,
6759,
1024,
3551,
1516,
1037,
4164,
1997,
6730,
2189,
1025,
3380,
1516,
2117,
6730,
4164,
1025,
3381,
1516,
2353,
6730,
4164,
1012,
1996,
2087,
4069,
2433,
1997,
6730,
1998,
19246,
4166,
2003,
1996,
4166,
3742,
1012,
2348,
2087,
2411,
2864,
1999,
1037,
4164,
4292,
2738,
2084,
2277,
7425,
4292,
1010,
2023,
2433,
2038,
2116,
4973,
1012,
2019,
14953,
2742,
1997,
9929,
1997,
1996,
4166,
3742,
2001,
2984,
10223,
3766,
1012,
3766,
4991,
2000,
16138,
1999,
3890,
1010,
1998,
8979,
2000,
17202,
2093,
11678,
1999,
1996,
4166,
8909,
18994,
1012,
2028,
2001,
3605,
1999,
3380,
2000,
3932,
1996,
3728,
16370,
3235,
9678,
2332,
3781,
1012,
1998,
1996,
2353,
2001,
4837,
2011,
1037,
22362,
3222,
1012,
2009,
2001,
2864,
2320,
1999,
3339,
1999,
2358,
4754,
1005,
1055,
5040,
1999,
2047,
2259,
2103,
1012,
2174,
1996,
3234,
2277,
2038,
2025,
14218,
4166,
2004,
6413,
2005,
7425,
1012,
1999,
3547,
3533,
5972,
2680,
1000,
4166,
3742,
1000,
2005,
3996,
2636,
1012,
1037,
4166,
7241,
2001,
2587,
2011,
27516,
1998,
6596,
2478,
1996,
2394,
3793,
1997,
1996,
3142,
3234,
3742,
1012,
2060,
4973,
2421,
1000,
4166,
3742,
1999,
4164,
1000,
2011,
21348,
2080,
8040,
25798,
6657,
1006,
15669,
8458,
2636,
1010,
2687,
1010,
2039,
2278,
5757,
22203,
19841,
23833,
16703,
2581,
17788,
1007,
1998,
1000,
4166,
3742,
1000,
2011,
12159,
19739,
5400,
6392,
2072,
1006,
5913,
2636,
1010,
3551,
1007,
1012,
1999,
2563,
1010,
4556,
4543,
2097,
6927,
2680,
2010,
1000,
4166,
3335,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"##a",
"br",
"##ev",
"##is",
"\"",
"with",
"a",
"jazz",
"ensemble",
",",
"soloists",
"and",
"the",
"st",
"martin",
"'",
"s",
"voices",
"on",
"a",
"2018",
"sign",
"##um",
"records",
"release",
",",
"\"",
"passion",
"music",
"/",
"jazz",
"miss",
"##a",
"br",
"##ev",
"##is",
"\"",
"also",
"released",
"as",
"\"",
"mass",
"in",
"blue",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"jazz",
"organist",
"james",
"taylor",
"composed",
"\"",
"the",
"rochester",
"mass",
"\"",
"(",
"cherry",
"red",
"records",
",",
"2015",
")",
".",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"versa",
"##ce",
"put",
"forth",
"bassist",
"ike",
"stu",
"##rm",
"and",
"new",
"york",
"composer",
"dean",
"##na",
"wit",
"##kowski",
"as",
"contemporary",
"ex",
"##em",
"##pl",
"##ars",
"of",
"sacred",
"and",
"liturgical",
"jazz",
".",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1960s",
"and",
"early",
"1970s",
",",
"the",
"hybrid",
"form",
"of",
"jazz",
"-",
"rock",
"fusion",
"was",
"developed",
"by",
"combining",
"jazz",
"improvisation",
"with",
"rock",
"rhythms",
",",
"electric",
"instruments",
"and",
"the",
"highly",
"amplified",
"stage",
"sound",
"of",
"rock",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"jimi",
"hendrix",
"and",
"frank",
"za",
"##ppa",
".",
"jazz",
"fusion",
"often",
"uses",
"mixed",
"meters",
",",
"odd",
"time",
"signatures",
",",
"sync",
"##opa",
"##tion",
",",
"complex",
"chords",
",",
"and",
"harmonies",
".",
"according",
"to",
"allmusic",
":",
".",
".",
".",
"until",
"around",
"1967",
",",
"the",
"worlds",
"of",
"jazz",
"and",
"rock",
"were",
"nearly",
"completely",
"separate",
".",
"[",
"however",
",",
".",
".",
".",
"]",
"as",
"rock",
"became",
"more",
"creative",
"and",
"its",
"musicians",
"##hip",
"improved",
",",
"and",
"as",
"some",
"in",
"the",
"jazz",
"world",
"became",
"bored",
"with",
"hard",
"bop",
"and",
"did",
"not",
"want",
"to",
"play",
"strictly",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"music",
",",
"the",
"two",
"different",
"id",
"##ioms",
"began",
"to",
"trade",
"ideas",
"and",
"occasionally",
"combine",
"forces",
".",
"in",
"1969",
",",
"davis",
"fully",
"embraced",
"the",
"electric",
"instrument",
"approach",
"to",
"jazz",
"with",
"in",
"a",
"silent",
"way",
",",
"which",
"can",
"be",
"considered",
"his",
"first",
"fusion",
"album",
".",
"composed",
"of",
"two",
"side",
"-",
"long",
"suites",
"edited",
"heavily",
"by",
"producer",
"te",
"##o",
"mace",
"##ro",
",",
"this",
"quiet",
",",
"static",
"album",
"would",
"be",
"equally",
"influential",
"to",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"ambient",
"music",
".",
"as",
"davis",
"recalls",
":",
"the",
"music",
"i",
"was",
"really",
"listening",
"to",
"in",
"1968",
"was",
"james",
"brown",
",",
"the",
"great",
"guitar",
"player",
"jimi",
"hendrix",
",",
"and",
"a",
"new",
"group",
"who",
"had",
"just",
"come",
"out",
"with",
"a",
"hit",
"record",
",",
"\"",
"dance",
"to",
"the",
"music",
"\"",
",",
"sly",
"and",
"the",
"family",
"stone",
".",
".",
".",
"i",
"wanted",
"to",
"make",
"it",
"more",
"like",
"rock",
".",
"when",
"we",
"recorded",
"in",
"a",
"silent",
"way",
"i",
"just",
"threw",
"out",
"all",
"the",
"chord",
"sheets",
"and",
"told",
"everyone",
"to",
"play",
"off",
"of",
"that",
".",
"two",
"contributors",
"to",
"in",
"a",
"silent",
"way",
"also",
"joined",
"organist",
"larry",
"young",
"to",
"create",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"early",
"acclaimed",
"fusion",
"albums",
":",
"<",
"i",
">",
"emergency",
"!",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
"(",
"1969",
")",
"by",
"the",
"tony",
"williams",
"lifetime",
".",
"weather",
"report",
"'",
"s",
"self",
"-",
"titled",
"electronic",
"and",
"psychedelic",
"weather",
"report",
"debut",
"album",
"caused",
"a",
"sensation",
"in",
"the",
"jazz",
"world",
"on",
"its",
"arrival",
"in",
"1971",
",",
"thanks",
"to",
"the",
"pe",
"##di",
"##gree",
"of",
"the",
"group",
"'",
"s",
"members",
"(",
"including",
"percussion",
"##ist",
"air",
"##to",
"more",
"##ira",
")",
",",
"and",
"their",
"uno",
"##rth",
"##od",
"##ox",
"approach",
"to",
"music",
".",
"the",
"album",
"featured",
"a",
"softer",
"sound",
"than",
"would",
"be",
"the",
"case",
"in",
"later",
"years",
"("
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 73,
"end_token_idx": 76,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ike_Sturm",
"tokens": [
"ike",
"stu",
"##rm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 111,
"end_token_idx": 112,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_fusion",
"tokens": [
"fusion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 135,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix",
"tokens": [
"jimi",
"hendrix"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 138,
"end_token_idx": 141,
"identifier": "/wiki/Frank_Zappa",
"tokens": [
"frank",
"za",
"##ppa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 165,
"end_token_idx": 166,
"identifier": "/wiki/AllMusic",
"tokens": [
"allmusic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 213,
"end_token_idx": 215,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hard_bop",
"tokens": [
"hard",
"bop"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 222,
"end_token_idx": 226,
"identifier": "/wiki/Free_jazz",
"tokens": [
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 254,
"end_token_idx": 258,
"identifier": "/wiki/In_a_Silent_Way",
"tokens": [
"in",
"a",
"silent",
"way"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 279,
"end_token_idx": 283,
"identifier": "/wiki/Teo_Macero",
"tokens": [
"te",
"##o",
"mace",
"##ro"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 297,
"end_token_idx": 299,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ambient_music",
"tokens": [
"ambient",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 314,
"end_token_idx": 316,
"identifier": "/wiki/James_Brown",
"tokens": [
"james",
"brown"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 321,
"end_token_idx": 323,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix",
"tokens": [
"jimi",
"hendrix"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 339,
"end_token_idx": 343,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dance_to_the_Music_(Sly_and_the_Family_Stone_album)",
"tokens": [
"dance",
"to",
"the",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 345,
"end_token_idx": 350,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sly_and_the_Family_Stone",
"tokens": [
"sly",
"and",
"the",
"family",
"stone"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 396,
"end_token_idx": 398,
"identifier": "/wiki/Larry_Young_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"larry",
"young"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 408,
"end_token_idx": 417,
"identifier": "/wiki/Emergency!_(album)",
"tokens": [
"<",
"i",
">",
"emergency",
"!",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 421,
"end_token_idx": 425,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Tony_Williams_Lifetime",
"tokens": [
"the",
"tony",
"williams",
"lifetime"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 426,
"end_token_idx": 428,
"identifier": "/wiki/Weather_Report",
"tokens": [
"weather",
"report"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 436,
"end_token_idx": 438,
"identifier": "/wiki/Weather_Report_(1971_album)",
"tokens": [
"weather",
"report"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 469,
"end_token_idx": 473,
"identifier": "/wiki/Airto_Moreira",
"tokens": [
"air",
"##to",
"more",
"##ira"
]
}
] | [
101,
2050,
7987,
6777,
2483,
1000,
2007,
1037,
4166,
7241,
1010,
27516,
1998,
1996,
2358,
3235,
1005,
1055,
5755,
2006,
1037,
2760,
3696,
2819,
2636,
2713,
1010,
1000,
6896,
2189,
1013,
4166,
3335,
2050,
7987,
6777,
2483,
1000,
2036,
2207,
2004,
1000,
3742,
1999,
2630,
1000,
1010,
1998,
4166,
16397,
2508,
4202,
3605,
1000,
1996,
10541,
3742,
1000,
1006,
9115,
2417,
2636,
1010,
2325,
1007,
1012,
1999,
2286,
1010,
18601,
3401,
2404,
5743,
9858,
25209,
24646,
10867,
1998,
2047,
2259,
4543,
4670,
2532,
15966,
15449,
2004,
3824,
4654,
6633,
24759,
11650,
1997,
6730,
1998,
19246,
4166,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2397,
4120,
1998,
2220,
3955,
1010,
1996,
8893,
2433,
1997,
4166,
1011,
2600,
10077,
2001,
2764,
2011,
11566,
4166,
24584,
2007,
2600,
17900,
1010,
3751,
5693,
1998,
1996,
3811,
26986,
2754,
2614,
1997,
2600,
5389,
2107,
2004,
27624,
20645,
1998,
3581,
23564,
13944,
1012,
4166,
10077,
2411,
3594,
3816,
5563,
1010,
5976,
2051,
16442,
1010,
26351,
29477,
3508,
1010,
3375,
18495,
1010,
1998,
28594,
1012,
2429,
2000,
10477,
1024,
1012,
1012,
1012,
2127,
2105,
3476,
1010,
1996,
8484,
1997,
4166,
1998,
2600,
2020,
3053,
3294,
3584,
1012,
1031,
2174,
1010,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1033,
2004,
2600,
2150,
2062,
5541,
1998,
2049,
5389,
5605,
5301,
1010,
1998,
2004,
2070,
1999,
1996,
4166,
2088,
2150,
11471,
2007,
2524,
29432,
1998,
2106,
2025,
2215,
2000,
2377,
9975,
14815,
1011,
14535,
2189,
1010,
1996,
2048,
2367,
8909,
29178,
2211,
2000,
3119,
4784,
1998,
5681,
11506,
2749,
1012,
1999,
3440,
1010,
4482,
3929,
14218,
1996,
3751,
6602,
3921,
2000,
4166,
2007,
1999,
1037,
4333,
2126,
1010,
2029,
2064,
2022,
2641,
2010,
2034,
10077,
2201,
1012,
3605,
1997,
2048,
2217,
1011,
2146,
19796,
5493,
4600,
2011,
3135,
8915,
2080,
19382,
3217,
1010,
2023,
4251,
1010,
10763,
2201,
2052,
2022,
8053,
6383,
2000,
1996,
2458,
1997,
17093,
2189,
1012,
2004,
4482,
17722,
1024,
1996,
2189,
1045,
2001,
2428,
5962,
2000,
1999,
3380,
2001,
2508,
2829,
1010,
1996,
2307,
2858,
2447,
27624,
20645,
1010,
1998,
1037,
2047,
2177,
2040,
2018,
2074,
2272,
2041,
2007,
1037,
2718,
2501,
1010,
1000,
3153,
2000,
1996,
2189,
1000,
1010,
18230,
1998,
1996,
2155,
2962,
1012,
1012,
1012,
1045,
2359,
2000,
2191,
2009,
2062,
2066,
2600,
1012,
2043,
2057,
2680,
1999,
1037,
4333,
2126,
1045,
2074,
4711,
2041,
2035,
1996,
13924,
8697,
1998,
2409,
3071,
2000,
2377,
2125,
1997,
2008,
1012,
2048,
16884,
2000,
1999,
1037,
4333,
2126,
2036,
2587,
16397,
6554,
2402,
2000,
3443,
2028,
1997,
1996,
2220,
10251,
10077,
4042,
1024,
1026,
1045,
1028,
5057,
999,
1026,
1013,
1045,
1028,
1006,
3440,
1007,
2011,
1996,
4116,
3766,
6480,
1012,
4633,
3189,
1005,
1055,
2969,
1011,
4159,
4816,
1998,
18147,
4633,
3189,
2834,
2201,
3303,
1037,
8742,
1999,
1996,
4166,
2088,
2006,
2049,
5508,
1999,
3411,
1010,
4283,
2000,
1996,
21877,
4305,
28637,
1997,
1996,
2177,
1005,
1055,
2372,
1006,
2164,
6333,
2923,
2250,
3406,
2062,
7895,
1007,
1010,
1998,
2037,
27776,
15265,
7716,
11636,
3921,
2000,
2189,
1012,
1996,
2201,
2956,
1037,
19013,
2614,
2084,
2052,
2022,
1996,
2553,
1999,
2101,
2086,
1006,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"predominantly",
"using",
"acoustic",
"bass",
"with",
"shorter",
"exclusively",
"playing",
"soprano",
"saxophone",
",",
"and",
"with",
"no",
"synthesizers",
"involved",
")",
",",
"but",
"is",
"still",
"considered",
"a",
"classic",
"of",
"early",
"fusion",
".",
"it",
"built",
"on",
"the",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"experiments",
"which",
"joe",
"za",
"##win",
"##ul",
"and",
"shorter",
"had",
"pioneered",
"with",
"miles",
"davis",
"on",
"bitch",
"##es",
"brew",
",",
"including",
"an",
"avoidance",
"of",
"head",
"-",
"and",
"-",
"chorus",
"composition",
"in",
"favor",
"of",
"continuous",
"rhythm",
"and",
"movement",
"–",
"but",
"took",
"the",
"music",
"further",
".",
"to",
"emphasize",
"the",
"group",
"'",
"s",
"rejection",
"of",
"standard",
"methodology",
",",
"the",
"album",
"opened",
"with",
"the",
"ins",
"##cr",
"##utable",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"atmospheric",
"piece",
"\"",
"milky",
"way",
"\"",
",",
"which",
"featured",
"by",
"shorter",
"'",
"s",
"extremely",
"muted",
"saxophone",
"inducing",
"vibrations",
"in",
"za",
"##win",
"##ul",
"'",
"s",
"piano",
"strings",
"while",
"the",
"latter",
"pedal",
"##ed",
"the",
"instrument",
".",
"down",
"##beat",
"described",
"the",
"album",
"as",
"\"",
"music",
"beyond",
"category",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"awarded",
"it",
"album",
"of",
"the",
"year",
"in",
"the",
"magazine",
"'",
"s",
"polls",
"that",
"year",
".",
"weather",
"report",
"'",
"s",
"subsequent",
"releases",
"were",
"creative",
"funk",
"-",
"jazz",
"works",
".",
"although",
"some",
"jazz",
"pu",
"##rist",
"##s",
"protested",
"against",
"the",
"blend",
"of",
"jazz",
"and",
"rock",
",",
"many",
"jazz",
"inn",
"##ova",
"##tors",
"crossed",
"over",
"from",
"the",
"contemporary",
"hard",
"bop",
"scene",
"into",
"fusion",
".",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"electric",
"instruments",
"of",
"rock",
"(",
"such",
"as",
"electric",
"guitar",
",",
"electric",
"bass",
",",
"electric",
"piano",
"and",
"synthesizer",
"keyboards",
")",
",",
"fusion",
"also",
"used",
"the",
"powerful",
"amp",
"##li",
"##fication",
",",
"\"",
"fu",
"##zz",
"\"",
"pedal",
"##s",
",",
"wah",
"-",
"wah",
"pedal",
"##s",
"and",
"other",
"effects",
"that",
"were",
"used",
"by",
"1970s",
"-",
"era",
"rock",
"bands",
".",
"notable",
"performers",
"of",
"jazz",
"fusion",
"included",
"miles",
"davis",
",",
"eddie",
"harris",
",",
"keyboardist",
"##s",
"joe",
"za",
"##win",
"##ul",
",",
"chick",
"core",
"##a",
",",
"and",
"herb",
"##ie",
"hancock",
",",
"vi",
"##bra",
"##phon",
"##ist",
"gary",
"burton",
",",
"drummer",
"tony",
"williams",
",",
"violinist",
"jean",
"-",
"luc",
"pont",
"##y",
",",
"guitarists",
"larry",
"cory",
"##ell",
",",
"al",
"di",
"me",
"##ola",
",",
"john",
"mclaughlin",
",",
"ry",
"##o",
"kawasaki",
",",
"and",
"frank",
"za",
"##ppa",
",",
"saxophonist",
"wayne",
"shorter",
"and",
"bassist",
"##s",
"ja",
"##co",
"pastor",
"##ius",
"and",
"stanley",
"clarke",
".",
"jazz",
"fusion",
"was",
"also",
"popular",
"in",
"japan",
",",
"where",
"the",
"band",
"cas",
"##io",
"##pe",
"##a",
"released",
"more",
"than",
"thirty",
"fusion",
"albums",
".",
"according",
"to",
"jazz",
"writer",
"stuart",
"nicholson",
",",
"\"",
"just",
"as",
"free",
"jazz",
"appeared",
"on",
"the",
"verge",
"of",
"creating",
"a",
"whole",
"new",
"musical",
"language",
"in",
"the",
"1960s",
".",
".",
".",
"jazz",
"-",
"rock",
"briefly",
"suggested",
"the",
"promise",
"of",
"doing",
"the",
"same",
"\"",
"with",
"albums",
"such",
"as",
"williams",
"'",
"emergency",
"!",
"(",
"1970",
")",
"and",
"davis",
"'",
"ag",
"##hart",
"##a",
"(",
"1975",
")",
",",
"which",
"nicholson",
"said",
"\"",
"suggested",
"the",
"potential",
"of",
"evolving",
"into",
"something",
"that",
"might",
"eventually",
"define",
"itself",
"as",
"a",
"wholly",
"independent",
"genre",
"quite",
"apart",
"from",
"the",
"sound",
"and",
"conventions",
"of",
"anything",
"that",
"had",
"gone",
"before",
".",
"\"",
"this",
"development",
"was",
"stifled",
"by",
"commercial",
"##ism",
",",
"nicholson",
"said",
",",
"as",
"the",
"genre",
"\"",
"mu",
"##tated",
"into",
"a",
"peculiar",
"species",
"of",
"jazz",
"-",
"in",
"##fle",
"##cted",
"pop",
"music",
"that",
"eventually",
"took",
"up",
"residence",
"on"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 8,
"end_token_idx": 10,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soprano_saxophone",
"tokens": [
"soprano",
"saxophone"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 15,
"identifier": "/wiki/Synthesizer",
"tokens": [
"synthesizers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 37,
"end_token_idx": 41,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_Zawinul",
"tokens": [
"joe",
"za",
"##win",
"##ul"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 49,
"end_token_idx": 52,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bitches_Brew",
"tokens": [
"bitch",
"##es",
"brew"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 133,
"end_token_idx": 135,
"identifier": "/wiki/DownBeat",
"tokens": [
"down",
"##beat"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 238,
"end_token_idx": 244,
"identifier": "/wiki/Distortion_(music)",
"tokens": [
"\"",
"fu",
"##zz",
"\"",
"pedal",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 245,
"end_token_idx": 250,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wah-wah_pedal",
"tokens": [
"wah",
"-",
"wah",
"pedal",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 272,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eddie_Harris",
"tokens": [
"eddie",
"harris"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 277,
"end_token_idx": 281,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_Zawinul",
"tokens": [
"joe",
"za",
"##win",
"##ul"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 282,
"end_token_idx": 285,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chick_Corea",
"tokens": [
"chick",
"core",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 295,
"end_token_idx": 297,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gary_Burton",
"tokens": [
"gary",
"burton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 299,
"end_token_idx": 301,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tony_Williams_(drummer)",
"tokens": [
"tony",
"williams"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 308,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jean-Luc_Ponty",
"tokens": [
"jean",
"-",
"luc",
"pont",
"##y"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 310,
"end_token_idx": 313,
"identifier": "/wiki/Larry_Coryell",
"tokens": [
"larry",
"cory",
"##ell"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 314,
"end_token_idx": 318,
"identifier": "/wiki/Al_Di_Meola",
"tokens": [
"al",
"di",
"me",
"##ola"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 319,
"end_token_idx": 321,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"john",
"mclaughlin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 322,
"end_token_idx": 325,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ryo_Kawasaki",
"tokens": [
"ry",
"##o",
"kawasaki"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 327,
"end_token_idx": 330,
"identifier": "/wiki/Frank_Zappa",
"tokens": [
"frank",
"za",
"##ppa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 337,
"end_token_idx": 341,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jaco_Pastorius",
"tokens": [
"ja",
"##co",
"pastor",
"##ius"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 342,
"end_token_idx": 344,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stanley_Clarke",
"tokens": [
"stanley",
"clarke"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 360,
"identifier": "/wiki/Casiopea",
"tokens": [
"cas",
"##io",
"##pe",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 414,
"end_token_idx": 416,
"identifier": "/wiki/Emergency!_(album)",
"tokens": [
"emergency",
"!"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 422,
"end_token_idx": 425,
"identifier": "/wiki/Agharta_(album)",
"tokens": [
"ag",
"##hart",
"##a"
]
}
] | [
101,
9197,
2478,
6490,
3321,
2007,
7820,
7580,
2652,
10430,
8283,
1010,
1998,
2007,
2053,
22211,
2920,
1007,
1010,
2021,
2003,
2145,
2641,
1037,
4438,
1997,
2220,
10077,
1012,
2009,
2328,
2006,
1996,
14815,
1011,
14535,
7885,
2029,
3533,
23564,
10105,
5313,
1998,
7820,
2018,
16193,
2007,
2661,
4482,
2006,
7743,
2229,
24702,
1010,
2164,
2019,
24685,
1997,
2132,
1011,
1998,
1011,
7165,
5512,
1999,
5684,
1997,
7142,
6348,
1998,
2929,
1516,
2021,
2165,
1996,
2189,
2582,
1012,
2000,
17902,
1996,
2177,
1005,
1055,
13893,
1997,
3115,
16134,
1010,
1996,
2201,
2441,
2007,
1996,
16021,
26775,
23056,
14815,
1011,
14535,
12483,
3538,
1000,
21582,
2126,
1000,
1010,
2029,
2956,
2011,
7820,
1005,
1055,
5186,
22124,
8283,
29290,
22755,
1999,
23564,
10105,
5313,
1005,
1055,
3682,
7817,
2096,
1996,
3732,
15749,
2098,
1996,
6602,
1012,
2091,
19442,
2649,
1996,
2201,
2004,
1000,
2189,
3458,
4696,
1000,
1010,
1998,
3018,
2009,
2201,
1997,
1996,
2095,
1999,
1996,
2932,
1005,
1055,
14592,
2008,
2095,
1012,
4633,
3189,
1005,
1055,
4745,
7085,
2020,
5541,
11962,
1011,
4166,
2573,
1012,
2348,
2070,
4166,
16405,
15061,
2015,
11456,
2114,
1996,
12586,
1997,
4166,
1998,
2600,
1010,
2116,
4166,
7601,
7103,
6591,
4625,
2058,
2013,
1996,
3824,
2524,
29432,
3496,
2046,
10077,
1012,
2004,
2092,
2004,
1996,
3751,
5693,
1997,
2600,
1006,
2107,
2004,
3751,
2858,
1010,
3751,
3321,
1010,
3751,
3682,
1998,
13564,
6269,
1007,
1010,
10077,
2036,
2109,
1996,
3928,
23713,
3669,
10803,
1010,
1000,
11865,
13213,
1000,
15749,
2015,
1010,
22894,
1011,
22894,
15749,
2015,
1998,
2060,
3896,
2008,
2020,
2109,
2011,
3955,
1011,
3690,
2600,
4996,
1012,
3862,
9567,
1997,
4166,
10077,
2443,
2661,
4482,
1010,
5752,
5671,
1010,
20173,
2015,
3533,
23564,
10105,
5313,
1010,
14556,
4563,
2050,
1010,
1998,
12810,
2666,
13849,
1010,
6819,
10024,
20846,
2923,
5639,
9658,
1010,
7101,
4116,
3766,
1010,
16609,
3744,
1011,
12776,
21179,
2100,
1010,
28523,
6554,
18342,
5349,
1010,
2632,
4487,
2033,
6030,
1010,
2198,
23720,
1010,
29431,
2080,
27324,
1010,
1998,
3581,
23564,
13944,
1010,
19977,
6159,
7820,
1998,
9858,
2015,
14855,
3597,
9220,
4173,
1998,
6156,
8359,
1012,
4166,
10077,
2001,
2036,
2759,
1999,
2900,
1010,
2073,
1996,
2316,
25222,
3695,
5051,
2050,
2207,
2062,
2084,
4228,
10077,
4042,
1012,
2429,
2000,
4166,
3213,
6990,
16955,
1010,
1000,
2074,
2004,
2489,
4166,
2596,
2006,
1996,
16079,
1997,
4526,
1037,
2878,
2047,
3315,
2653,
1999,
1996,
4120,
1012,
1012,
1012,
4166,
1011,
2600,
4780,
4081,
1996,
4872,
1997,
2725,
1996,
2168,
1000,
2007,
4042,
2107,
2004,
3766,
1005,
5057,
999,
1006,
3359,
1007,
1998,
4482,
1005,
12943,
10686,
2050,
1006,
3339,
1007,
1010,
2029,
16955,
2056,
1000,
4081,
1996,
4022,
1997,
20607,
2046,
2242,
2008,
2453,
2776,
9375,
2993,
2004,
1037,
12590,
2981,
6907,
3243,
4237,
2013,
1996,
2614,
1998,
12472,
1997,
2505,
2008,
2018,
2908,
2077,
1012,
1000,
2023,
2458,
2001,
27146,
2011,
3293,
2964,
1010,
16955,
2056,
1010,
2004,
1996,
6907,
1000,
14163,
16238,
2046,
1037,
14099,
2427,
1997,
4166,
1011,
1999,
21031,
10985,
3769,
2189,
2008,
2776,
2165,
2039,
5039,
2006,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"fm",
"radio",
"\"",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"1970s",
".",
"although",
"jazz",
"-",
"rock",
"fusion",
"reached",
"the",
"height",
"of",
"its",
"popularity",
"in",
"the",
"1970s",
",",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"electronic",
"instruments",
"and",
"rock",
"-",
"derived",
"musical",
"elements",
"in",
"jazz",
"continued",
"in",
"the",
"1990s",
"and",
"2000s",
".",
"musicians",
"using",
"this",
"approach",
"include",
"pat",
"met",
"##hen",
"##y",
",",
"john",
"abe",
"##rc",
"##rom",
"##bie",
",",
"john",
"sc",
"##of",
"##ield",
"and",
"the",
"swedish",
"group",
"e",
".",
"s",
".",
"t",
".",
"since",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"the",
"1990s",
",",
"electronic",
"music",
"had",
"significant",
"technical",
"improvements",
"that",
"popularized",
"and",
"created",
"new",
"possibilities",
"for",
"the",
"genre",
".",
"jazz",
"elements",
"such",
"as",
"improvisation",
",",
"rhythmic",
"complex",
"##ities",
"and",
"harmonic",
"textures",
"were",
"introduced",
"to",
"the",
"genre",
"and",
"consequently",
"had",
"a",
"big",
"impact",
"in",
"new",
"listeners",
"and",
"in",
"some",
"ways",
"kept",
"the",
"versa",
"##tility",
"of",
"jazz",
"re",
"##lat",
"##able",
"to",
"a",
"newer",
"generation",
"that",
"did",
"not",
"necessarily",
"relate",
"to",
"what",
"the",
"traditional",
"##ists",
"call",
"real",
"jazz",
"(",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
",",
"cool",
"and",
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz",
")",
".",
"artists",
"such",
"as",
"square",
"##pus",
"##her",
",",
"ap",
"##he",
"##x",
"twin",
",",
"flying",
"lotus",
"and",
"sub",
"genres",
"like",
"id",
"##m",
",",
"drum",
"'",
"n",
"'",
"bass",
",",
"jungle",
"and",
"techno",
"ended",
"up",
"incorporating",
"a",
"lot",
"of",
"these",
"elements",
".",
"square",
"##pus",
"##her",
"being",
"cited",
"as",
"one",
"big",
"influence",
"for",
"jazz",
"performers",
"drummer",
"mark",
"gui",
"##lian",
"##a",
"and",
"pianist",
"brad",
"me",
"##hl",
"##da",
"##u",
",",
"showing",
"the",
"correlation",
"##s",
"between",
"jazz",
"and",
"electronic",
"music",
"are",
"a",
"two",
"-",
"way",
"street",
".",
"by",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1970s",
",",
"the",
"sound",
"known",
"as",
"jazz",
"-",
"funk",
"had",
"developed",
",",
"characterized",
"by",
"a",
"strong",
"back",
"beat",
"(",
"groove",
")",
",",
"electrified",
"sounds",
"and",
",",
"often",
",",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"electronic",
"analog",
"synthesizers",
".",
"jazz",
"-",
"funk",
"also",
"draws",
"influences",
"from",
"traditional",
"african",
"music",
",",
"afro",
"-",
"cuban",
"rhythms",
"and",
"jamaican",
"reggae",
",",
"notably",
"kingston",
"band",
"##leader",
"sonny",
"bradshaw",
".",
"another",
"feature",
"is",
"the",
"shift",
"of",
"emphasis",
"from",
"improvisation",
"to",
"composition",
":",
"arrangements",
",",
"melody",
"and",
"overall",
"writing",
"became",
"important",
".",
"the",
"integration",
"of",
"funk",
",",
"soul",
",",
"and",
"r",
"&",
"amp",
";",
"b",
"music",
"into",
"jazz",
"resulted",
"in",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"a",
"genre",
"whose",
"spectrum",
"is",
"wide",
"and",
"ranges",
"from",
"strong",
"jazz",
"improvisation",
"to",
"soul",
",",
"funk",
"or",
"disco",
"with",
"jazz",
"arrangements",
",",
"jazz",
"riff",
"##s",
"and",
"jazz",
"solos",
",",
"and",
"sometimes",
"soul",
"vocals",
".",
"early",
"examples",
"are",
"herb",
"##ie",
"hancock",
"'",
"s",
"head",
"##hunter",
"##s",
"band",
"and",
"miles",
"davis",
"'",
"on",
"the",
"corner",
"album",
",",
"which",
",",
"in",
"1972",
",",
"began",
"davis",
"'",
"for",
"##ay",
"into",
"jazz",
"-",
"funk",
"and",
"was",
",",
"he",
"claimed",
",",
"an",
"attempt",
"at",
"rec",
"##onne",
"##cting",
"with",
"the",
"young",
"black",
"audience",
"which",
"had",
"largely",
"for",
"##sa",
"##ken",
"jazz",
"for",
"rock",
"and",
"funk",
".",
"while",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"disc",
"##ern",
"##ible",
"rock",
"and",
"funk",
"influence",
"in",
"the",
"tim",
"##bre",
"##s",
"of",
"the",
"instruments",
"employed",
",",
"other",
"ton",
"##al",
"and",
"rhythmic",
"textures",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"indian",
"tam",
"##bor",
"##a",
"and",
"tab",
"##las",
"and",
"cuban",
"cong",
"##as",
"and",
"bon",
"##gos",
",",
"create",
"a",
"multi"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 50,
"end_token_idx": 54,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pat_Metheny",
"tokens": [
"pat",
"met",
"##hen",
"##y"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 55,
"end_token_idx": 60,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Abercrombie_(guitarist)",
"tokens": [
"john",
"abe",
"##rc",
"##rom",
"##bie"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 61,
"end_token_idx": 65,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Scofield",
"tokens": [
"john",
"sc",
"##of",
"##ield"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 69,
"end_token_idx": 75,
"identifier": "/wiki/Esbj%C3%B6rn_Svensson_Trio",
"tokens": [
"e",
".",
"s",
".",
"t",
"."
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 169,
"end_token_idx": 172,
"identifier": "/wiki/Squarepusher",
"tokens": [
"square",
"##pus",
"##her"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 173,
"end_token_idx": 177,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aphex_Twin",
"tokens": [
"ap",
"##he",
"##x",
"twin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 178,
"end_token_idx": 180,
"identifier": "/wiki/Flying_Lotus",
"tokens": [
"flying",
"lotus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 184,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music",
"tokens": [
"id",
"##m"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 187,
"end_token_idx": 192,
"identifier": "/wiki/Drum_%27n%27_bass",
"tokens": [
"drum",
"'",
"n",
"'",
"bass"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jungle_music",
"tokens": [
"jungle"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 195,
"end_token_idx": 196,
"identifier": "/wiki/Techno",
"tokens": [
"techno"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 218,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mark_Guiliana",
"tokens": [
"mark",
"gui",
"##lian",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 224,
"end_token_idx": 229,
"identifier": "/wiki/Brad_Mehldau",
"tokens": [
"brad",
"me",
"##hl",
"##da",
"##u"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 266,
"end_token_idx": 268,
"identifier": "/wiki/Beat_(music)",
"tokens": [
"back",
"beat"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 270,
"identifier": "/wiki/Groove_(music)",
"tokens": [
"groove"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 282,
"end_token_idx": 284,
"identifier": "/wiki/Analog_synthesizers",
"tokens": [
"analog",
"synthesizers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 302,
"end_token_idx": 303,
"identifier": "/wiki/Reggae",
"tokens": [
"reggae"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 308,
"end_token_idx": 310,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sonny_Bradshaw",
"tokens": [
"sonny",
"bradshaw"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 335,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/Funk",
"tokens": [
"funk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 337,
"end_token_idx": 338,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soul_music",
"tokens": [
"soul"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 340,
"end_token_idx": 345,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues",
"tokens": [
"r",
"&",
"amp",
";",
"b"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 363,
"end_token_idx": 365,
"identifier": "/wiki/Musical_improvisation#Jazz_improvisation",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"improvisation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 376,
"end_token_idx": 378,
"identifier": "/wiki/Riff",
"tokens": [
"riff",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 395,
"end_token_idx": 398,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Headhunters",
"tokens": [
"head",
"##hunter",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 403,
"end_token_idx": 406,
"identifier": "/wiki/On_the_Corner",
"tokens": [
"on",
"the",
"corner"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 447,
"end_token_idx": 448,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rock_and_roll",
"tokens": [
"rock"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 464,
"end_token_idx": 467,
"identifier": "/wiki/Timbre",
"tokens": [
"tim",
"##bre",
"##s"
]
}
] | [
101,
4718,
2557,
1000,
2012,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
3955,
1012,
2348,
4166,
1011,
2600,
10077,
2584,
1996,
4578,
1997,
2049,
6217,
1999,
1996,
3955,
1010,
1996,
2224,
1997,
4816,
5693,
1998,
2600,
1011,
5173,
3315,
3787,
1999,
4166,
2506,
1999,
1996,
4134,
1998,
8876,
1012,
5389,
2478,
2023,
3921,
2421,
6986,
2777,
10222,
2100,
1010,
2198,
14863,
11890,
21716,
11283,
1010,
2198,
8040,
11253,
12891,
1998,
1996,
4467,
2177,
1041,
1012,
1055,
1012,
1056,
1012,
2144,
1996,
2927,
1997,
1996,
4134,
1010,
4816,
2189,
2018,
3278,
4087,
8377,
2008,
20339,
1998,
2580,
2047,
12020,
2005,
1996,
6907,
1012,
4166,
3787,
2107,
2004,
24584,
1010,
14797,
3375,
6447,
1998,
19452,
29343,
2020,
3107,
2000,
1996,
6907,
1998,
8821,
2018,
1037,
2502,
4254,
1999,
2047,
13810,
1998,
1999,
2070,
3971,
2921,
1996,
18601,
18724,
1997,
4166,
2128,
20051,
3085,
2000,
1037,
10947,
4245,
2008,
2106,
2025,
9352,
14396,
2000,
2054,
1996,
3151,
5130,
2655,
2613,
4166,
1006,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1010,
4658,
1998,
16913,
2389,
4166,
1007,
1012,
3324,
2107,
2004,
2675,
12207,
5886,
1010,
9706,
5369,
2595,
5519,
1010,
3909,
13030,
1998,
4942,
11541,
2066,
8909,
2213,
1010,
6943,
1005,
1050,
1005,
3321,
1010,
8894,
1998,
21416,
3092,
2039,
13543,
1037,
2843,
1997,
2122,
3787,
1012,
2675,
12207,
5886,
2108,
6563,
2004,
2028,
2502,
3747,
2005,
4166,
9567,
7101,
2928,
26458,
15204,
2050,
1998,
9066,
8226,
2033,
7317,
2850,
2226,
1010,
4760,
1996,
16902,
2015,
2090,
4166,
1998,
4816,
2189,
2024,
1037,
2048,
1011,
2126,
2395,
1012,
2011,
1996,
3054,
1011,
3955,
1010,
1996,
2614,
2124,
2004,
4166,
1011,
11962,
2018,
2764,
1010,
7356,
2011,
1037,
2844,
2067,
3786,
1006,
14100,
1007,
1010,
18042,
4165,
1998,
1010,
2411,
1010,
1996,
3739,
1997,
4816,
11698,
22211,
1012,
4166,
1011,
11962,
2036,
9891,
8092,
2013,
3151,
3060,
2189,
1010,
17694,
1011,
9642,
17900,
1998,
17851,
15662,
1010,
5546,
9803,
2316,
19000,
13584,
23762,
1012,
2178,
3444,
2003,
1996,
5670,
1997,
7902,
2013,
24584,
2000,
5512,
1024,
7565,
1010,
8531,
1998,
3452,
3015,
2150,
2590,
1012,
1996,
8346,
1997,
11962,
1010,
3969,
1010,
1998,
1054,
1004,
23713,
1025,
1038,
2189,
2046,
4166,
4504,
1999,
1996,
4325,
1997,
1037,
6907,
3005,
8674,
2003,
2898,
1998,
8483,
2013,
2844,
4166,
24584,
2000,
3969,
1010,
11962,
2030,
12532,
2007,
4166,
7565,
1010,
4166,
24808,
2015,
1998,
4166,
24339,
1010,
1998,
2823,
3969,
2955,
1012,
2220,
4973,
2024,
12810,
2666,
13849,
1005,
1055,
2132,
25629,
2015,
2316,
1998,
2661,
4482,
1005,
2006,
1996,
3420,
2201,
1010,
2029,
1010,
1999,
3285,
1010,
2211,
4482,
1005,
2005,
4710,
2046,
4166,
1011,
11962,
1998,
2001,
1010,
2002,
3555,
1010,
2019,
3535,
2012,
28667,
18256,
11873,
2007,
1996,
2402,
2304,
4378,
2029,
2018,
4321,
2005,
3736,
7520,
4166,
2005,
2600,
1998,
11962,
1012,
2096,
2045,
2003,
1037,
5860,
11795,
7028,
2600,
1998,
11962,
3747,
1999,
1996,
5199,
13578,
2015,
1997,
1996,
5693,
4846,
1010,
2060,
10228,
2389,
1998,
14797,
29343,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1996,
2796,
17214,
12821,
2050,
1998,
21628,
8523,
1998,
9642,
26478,
3022,
1998,
14753,
12333,
1010,
3443,
1037,
4800,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"-",
"layered",
"sounds",
"##cape",
".",
"the",
"album",
"was",
"a",
"cu",
"##lm",
"##ination",
"of",
"sorts",
"of",
"the",
"musique",
"concrete",
"approach",
"that",
"davis",
"and",
"producer",
"te",
"##o",
"mace",
"##ro",
"had",
"begun",
"to",
"explore",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1960s",
".",
"the",
"1980s",
"saw",
"something",
"of",
"a",
"reaction",
"against",
"the",
"fusion",
"and",
"free",
"jazz",
"that",
"had",
"dominated",
"the",
"1970s",
".",
"trumpeter",
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"mars",
"##alis",
"emerged",
"early",
"in",
"the",
"decade",
",",
"and",
"st",
"##rove",
"to",
"create",
"music",
"within",
"what",
"he",
"believed",
"was",
"the",
"tradition",
",",
"rejecting",
"both",
"fusion",
"and",
"free",
"jazz",
"and",
"creating",
"extensions",
"of",
"the",
"small",
"and",
"large",
"forms",
"initially",
"pioneered",
"by",
"artists",
"such",
"as",
"louis",
"armstrong",
"and",
"duke",
"ellington",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"hard",
"bop",
"of",
"the",
"1950s",
".",
"it",
"is",
"de",
"##bat",
"##able",
"whether",
"mars",
"##alis",
"'",
"critical",
"and",
"commercial",
"success",
"was",
"a",
"cause",
"or",
"a",
"sy",
"##mpt",
"##om",
"of",
"the",
"reaction",
"against",
"fusion",
"and",
"free",
"jazz",
"and",
"the",
"resurgence",
"of",
"interest",
"in",
"the",
"kind",
"of",
"jazz",
"pioneered",
"in",
"the",
"1960s",
"(",
"particularly",
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz",
"and",
"post",
"-",
"bop",
")",
";",
"nonetheless",
"there",
"were",
"many",
"other",
"manifestation",
"##s",
"of",
"a",
"resurgence",
"of",
"traditional",
"##ism",
",",
"even",
"if",
"fusion",
"and",
"free",
"jazz",
"were",
"by",
"no",
"means",
"abandoned",
"and",
"continued",
"to",
"develop",
"and",
"evolve",
".",
"for",
"example",
",",
"several",
"musicians",
"who",
"had",
"been",
"prominent",
"in",
"the",
"fusion",
"genre",
"during",
"the",
"1970s",
"began",
"to",
"record",
"acoustic",
"jazz",
"once",
"more",
",",
"including",
"chick",
"core",
"##a",
"and",
"herb",
"##ie",
"hancock",
".",
"other",
"musicians",
"who",
"had",
"experimented",
"with",
"electronic",
"instruments",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"decade",
"had",
"abandoned",
"them",
"by",
"the",
"1980s",
";",
"for",
"example",
",",
"bill",
"evans",
",",
"joe",
"henderson",
",",
"and",
"stan",
"get",
"##z",
".",
"even",
"the",
"1980s",
"music",
"of",
"miles",
"davis",
",",
"although",
"certainly",
"still",
"fusion",
",",
"adopted",
"a",
"far",
"more",
"accessible",
"and",
"rec",
"##og",
"##ni",
"##za",
"##bly",
"jazz",
"-",
"oriented",
"approach",
"than",
"his",
"abstract",
"work",
"of",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1970s",
",",
"such",
"as",
"a",
"return",
"to",
"a",
"theme",
"-",
"and",
"-",
"solos",
"approach",
".",
"a",
"similar",
"reaction",
"[",
"<",
"span",
"title",
"=",
"\"",
"this",
"information",
"is",
"too",
"vague",
".",
"(",
"january",
"2018",
")",
"\"",
">",
"vague",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"]",
"took",
"place",
"against",
"free",
"jazz",
".",
"according",
"to",
"ted",
"gi",
"##oia",
":",
"the",
"very",
"leaders",
"of",
"the",
"avant",
"garde",
"started",
"to",
"signal",
"a",
"retreat",
"from",
"the",
"core",
"principles",
"of",
"free",
"jazz",
".",
"anthony",
"bra",
"##xton",
"began",
"recording",
"standards",
"over",
"familiar",
"chord",
"changes",
".",
"cecil",
"taylor",
"played",
"duets",
"in",
"concert",
"with",
"mary",
"lou",
"williams",
",",
"and",
"let",
"her",
"set",
"out",
"structured",
"harmonies",
"and",
"familiar",
"jazz",
"vocabulary",
"under",
"his",
"b",
"##list",
"##ering",
"keyboard",
"attack",
".",
"and",
"the",
"next",
"generation",
"of",
"progressive",
"players",
"would",
"be",
"even",
"more",
"acc",
"##om",
"##mo",
"##dating",
",",
"moving",
"inside",
"and",
"outside",
"the",
"changes",
"without",
"thinking",
"twice",
".",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"david",
"murray",
"or",
"don",
"pull",
"##en",
"may",
"have",
"felt",
"the",
"call",
"of",
"free",
"-",
"form",
"jazz",
",",
"but",
"they",
"never",
"forgot",
"all",
"the",
"other",
"ways",
"one",
"could",
"play",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"music",
"for",
"fun",
"and",
"profit",
".",
"pianist",
"keith",
"jarrett",
"—",
"whose",
"bands",
"of",
"the",
"1970s",
"had",
"played",
"only",
"original"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 16,
"end_token_idx": 18,
"identifier": "/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te",
"tokens": [
"musique",
"concrete"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 23,
"end_token_idx": 27,
"identifier": "/wiki/Teo_Macero",
"tokens": [
"te",
"##o",
"mace",
"##ro"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 61,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis",
"tokens": [
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"mars",
"##alis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 102,
"end_token_idx": 104,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louis_Armstrong",
"tokens": [
"louis",
"armstrong"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 105,
"end_token_idx": 107,
"identifier": "/wiki/Duke_Ellington",
"tokens": [
"duke",
"ellington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 163,
"end_token_idx": 166,
"identifier": "/wiki/Modal_jazz",
"tokens": [
"mod",
"##al",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 167,
"end_token_idx": 170,
"identifier": "/wiki/Post-bop",
"tokens": [
"post",
"-",
"bop"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 216,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_fusion",
"tokens": [
"fusion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 229,
"end_token_idx": 232,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chick_Corea",
"tokens": [
"chick",
"core",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 233,
"end_token_idx": 236,
"identifier": "/wiki/Herbie_Hancock",
"tokens": [
"herb",
"##ie",
"hancock"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 261,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bill_Evans",
"tokens": [
"bill",
"evans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 264,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joe_Henderson",
"tokens": [
"joe",
"henderson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 266,
"end_token_idx": 269,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stan_Getz",
"tokens": [
"stan",
"get",
"##z"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 275,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/Miles_Davis",
"tokens": [
"miles",
"davis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 325,
"end_token_idx": 347,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness",
"tokens": [
"<",
"span",
"title",
"=",
"\"",
"this",
"information",
"is",
"too",
"vague",
".",
"(",
"january",
"2018",
")",
"\"",
">",
"vague",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 359,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ted_Gioia",
"tokens": [
"ted",
"gi",
"##oia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 391,
"end_token_idx": 393,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cecil_Taylor",
"tokens": [
"cecil",
"taylor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 398,
"end_token_idx": 401,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mary_Lou_Williams",
"tokens": [
"mary",
"lou",
"williams"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 453,
"end_token_idx": 456,
"identifier": "/wiki/Don_Pullen",
"tokens": [
"don",
"pull",
"##en"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 488,
"end_token_idx": 490,
"identifier": "/wiki/Keith_Jarrett",
"tokens": [
"keith",
"jarrett"
]
}
] | [
101,
1011,
21323,
4165,
19464,
1012,
1996,
2201,
2001,
1037,
12731,
13728,
12758,
1997,
11901,
1997,
1996,
25784,
5509,
3921,
2008,
4482,
1998,
3135,
8915,
2080,
19382,
3217,
2018,
5625,
2000,
8849,
1999,
1996,
2397,
4120,
1012,
1996,
3865,
2387,
2242,
1997,
1037,
4668,
2114,
1996,
10077,
1998,
2489,
4166,
2008,
2018,
6817,
1996,
3955,
1012,
28220,
1059,
6038,
2669,
7733,
13911,
6003,
2220,
1999,
1996,
5476,
1010,
1998,
2358,
17597,
2000,
3443,
2189,
2306,
2054,
2002,
3373,
2001,
1996,
4535,
1010,
21936,
2119,
10077,
1998,
2489,
4166,
1998,
4526,
14305,
1997,
1996,
2235,
1998,
2312,
3596,
3322,
16193,
2011,
3324,
2107,
2004,
3434,
9143,
1998,
3804,
21630,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
1996,
2524,
29432,
1997,
1996,
4856,
1012,
2009,
2003,
2139,
14479,
3085,
3251,
7733,
13911,
1005,
4187,
1998,
3293,
3112,
2001,
1037,
3426,
2030,
1037,
25353,
27718,
5358,
1997,
1996,
4668,
2114,
10077,
1998,
2489,
4166,
1998,
1996,
26303,
1997,
3037,
1999,
1996,
2785,
1997,
4166,
16193,
1999,
1996,
4120,
1006,
3391,
16913,
2389,
4166,
1998,
2695,
1011,
29432,
1007,
1025,
9690,
2045,
2020,
2116,
2060,
24491,
2015,
1997,
1037,
26303,
1997,
3151,
2964,
1010,
2130,
2065,
10077,
1998,
2489,
4166,
2020,
2011,
2053,
2965,
4704,
1998,
2506,
2000,
4503,
1998,
19852,
1012,
2005,
2742,
1010,
2195,
5389,
2040,
2018,
2042,
4069,
1999,
1996,
10077,
6907,
2076,
1996,
3955,
2211,
2000,
2501,
6490,
4166,
2320,
2062,
1010,
2164,
14556,
4563,
2050,
1998,
12810,
2666,
13849,
1012,
2060,
5389,
2040,
2018,
20918,
2007,
4816,
5693,
1999,
1996,
3025,
5476,
2018,
4704,
2068,
2011,
1996,
3865,
1025,
2005,
2742,
1010,
3021,
6473,
1010,
3533,
9481,
1010,
1998,
9761,
2131,
2480,
1012,
2130,
1996,
3865,
2189,
1997,
2661,
4482,
1010,
2348,
5121,
2145,
10077,
1010,
4233,
1037,
2521,
2062,
7801,
1998,
28667,
8649,
3490,
4143,
6321,
4166,
1011,
8048,
3921,
2084,
2010,
10061,
2147,
1997,
1996,
3054,
1011,
3955,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1037,
2709,
2000,
1037,
4323,
1011,
1998,
1011,
24339,
3921,
1012,
1037,
2714,
4668,
1031,
1026,
8487,
2516,
1027,
1000,
2023,
2592,
2003,
2205,
13727,
1012,
1006,
2254,
2760,
1007,
1000,
1028,
13727,
1026,
1013,
8487,
1028,
1033,
2165,
2173,
2114,
2489,
4166,
1012,
2429,
2000,
6945,
21025,
25463,
1024,
1996,
2200,
4177,
1997,
1996,
14815,
14535,
2318,
2000,
4742,
1037,
7822,
2013,
1996,
4563,
6481,
1997,
2489,
4166,
1012,
4938,
11655,
14226,
2211,
3405,
4781,
2058,
5220,
13924,
3431,
1012,
11978,
4202,
2209,
29410,
1999,
4164,
2007,
2984,
10223,
3766,
1010,
1998,
2292,
2014,
2275,
2041,
14336,
28594,
1998,
5220,
4166,
16188,
2104,
2010,
1038,
9863,
7999,
9019,
2886,
1012,
1998,
1996,
2279,
4245,
1997,
6555,
2867,
2052,
2022,
2130,
2062,
16222,
5358,
5302,
16616,
1010,
3048,
2503,
1998,
2648,
1996,
3431,
2302,
3241,
3807,
1012,
5389,
2107,
2004,
2585,
6264,
2030,
2123,
4139,
2368,
2089,
2031,
2371,
1996,
2655,
1997,
2489,
1011,
2433,
4166,
1010,
2021,
2027,
2196,
9471,
2035,
1996,
2060,
3971,
2028,
2071,
2377,
3060,
1011,
2137,
2189,
2005,
4569,
1998,
5618,
1012,
9066,
6766,
24503,
1517,
3005,
4996,
1997,
1996,
3955,
2018,
2209,
2069,
2434,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"compositions",
"with",
"prominent",
"free",
"jazz",
"elements",
"—",
"established",
"his",
"so",
"-",
"called",
"'",
"standards",
"trio",
"'",
"in",
"1983",
",",
"which",
",",
"although",
"also",
"occasionally",
"exploring",
"collective",
"improvisation",
",",
"has",
"primarily",
"performed",
"and",
"recorded",
"jazz",
"standards",
".",
"chick",
"core",
"##a",
"similarly",
"began",
"exploring",
"jazz",
"standards",
"in",
"the",
"1980s",
",",
"having",
"neglected",
"them",
"for",
"the",
"1970s",
".",
"in",
"1987",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"house",
"of",
"representatives",
"and",
"senate",
"passed",
"a",
"bill",
"proposed",
"by",
"democratic",
"representative",
"john",
"con",
"##yer",
"##s",
"jr",
".",
"to",
"define",
"jazz",
"as",
"a",
"unique",
"form",
"of",
"american",
"music",
",",
"stating",
"\"",
"jazz",
"is",
"here",
"##by",
"designated",
"as",
"a",
"rare",
"and",
"valuable",
"national",
"american",
"treasure",
"to",
"which",
"we",
"should",
"devote",
"our",
"attention",
",",
"support",
"and",
"resources",
"to",
"make",
"certain",
"it",
"is",
"preserved",
",",
"understood",
"and",
"prom",
"##ul",
"##gated",
".",
"\"",
"it",
"passed",
"in",
"the",
"house",
"on",
"september",
"23",
",",
"1987",
",",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"senate",
"on",
"november",
"4",
",",
"1987",
".",
"in",
"2001",
",",
"ken",
"burns",
"'",
"s",
"documentary",
"jazz",
"premiered",
"on",
"pbs",
",",
"featuring",
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"mars",
"##alis",
"and",
"other",
"experts",
"reviewing",
"the",
"entire",
"history",
"of",
"american",
"jazz",
"to",
"that",
"time",
".",
"it",
"received",
"some",
"criticism",
",",
"however",
",",
"for",
"its",
"failure",
"to",
"reflect",
"the",
"many",
"distinctive",
"non",
"-",
"american",
"traditions",
"and",
"styles",
"in",
"jazz",
"that",
"had",
"developed",
",",
"and",
"its",
"limited",
"representation",
"of",
"us",
"developments",
"in",
"the",
"last",
"quarter",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
".",
"the",
"emergence",
"of",
"young",
"jazz",
"talent",
"beginning",
"to",
"perform",
"in",
"older",
",",
"established",
"musicians",
"'",
"groups",
"further",
"impacted",
"the",
"resurgence",
"of",
"traditional",
"##ism",
"in",
"the",
"jazz",
"community",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1970s",
",",
"the",
"groups",
"of",
"betty",
"carter",
"and",
"art",
"blake",
"##y",
"and",
"the",
"jazz",
"messengers",
"retained",
"their",
"conservative",
"jazz",
"approaches",
"in",
"the",
"midst",
"of",
"fusion",
"and",
"jazz",
"-",
"rock",
",",
"and",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"difficulty",
"booking",
"their",
"acts",
",",
"struggled",
"to",
"find",
"younger",
"generations",
"of",
"personnel",
"to",
"authentic",
"##ally",
"play",
"traditional",
"styles",
"such",
"as",
"hard",
"bop",
"and",
"be",
"##bo",
"##p",
".",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1970s",
",",
"however",
",",
"a",
"resurgence",
"of",
"younger",
"jazz",
"players",
"in",
"blake",
"##y",
"'",
"s",
"band",
"began",
"to",
"occur",
".",
"this",
"movement",
"included",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"vale",
"##ry",
"po",
"##no",
"##mare",
"##v",
"and",
"bobby",
"watson",
",",
"dennis",
"irwin",
"and",
"james",
"williams",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1980s",
",",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton",
"and",
"bran",
"##ford",
"mars",
"##alis",
",",
"the",
"emergence",
"of",
"pianist",
"##s",
"in",
"the",
"jazz",
"messengers",
"such",
"as",
"donald",
"brown",
",",
"mu",
"##l",
"##gre",
"##w",
"miller",
",",
"and",
"later",
",",
"benny",
"green",
",",
"bassist",
"##s",
"such",
"as",
"charles",
"fa",
"##mb",
"##rou",
"##gh",
",",
"lo",
"##nni",
"##e",
"pl",
"##ax",
"##ico",
"(",
"and",
"later",
",",
"peter",
"washington",
"and",
"es",
"##sie",
"##t",
"es",
"##sie",
"##t",
")",
"horn",
"players",
"such",
"as",
"bill",
"pierce",
",",
"donald",
"harrison",
"and",
"later",
"ja",
"##von",
"jackson",
"and",
"terence",
"blanchard",
"emerged",
"as",
"talented",
"jazz",
"musicians",
",",
"all",
"of",
"whom",
"made",
"significant",
"contributions",
"in",
"the",
"1990s",
"and",
"2000s",
".",
"the",
"young",
"jazz",
"messengers",
"'",
"contemporaries",
",",
"including",
"roy",
"ha",
"##rg",
"##rove",
",",
"marcus",
"roberts",
",",
"wallace",
"ron",
"##ey",
"and",
"mark",
"w",
"##hit",
"##field",
"were",
"also",
"influenced",
"by",
"w",
"##yn"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 73,
"end_token_idx": 79,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Conyers_Jr.",
"tokens": [
"john",
"con",
"##yer",
"##s",
"jr",
"."
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 154,
"end_token_idx": 156,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ken_Burns",
"tokens": [
"ken",
"burns"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 159,
"end_token_idx": 160,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_(TV_series)",
"tokens": [
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 162,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service",
"tokens": [
"pbs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 264,
"identifier": "/wiki/Betty_Carter",
"tokens": [
"betty",
"carter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 265,
"end_token_idx": 272,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Jazz_Messengers",
"tokens": [
"art",
"blake",
"##y",
"and",
"the",
"jazz",
"messengers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 311,
"end_token_idx": 313,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hard_bop",
"tokens": [
"hard",
"bop"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 314,
"end_token_idx": 317,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bebop",
"tokens": [
"be",
"##bo",
"##p"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 347,
"end_token_idx": 353,
"identifier": "/wiki/Valery_Ponomarev",
"tokens": [
"vale",
"##ry",
"po",
"##no",
"##mare",
"##v"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 354,
"end_token_idx": 356,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bobby_Watson",
"tokens": [
"bobby",
"watson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 357,
"end_token_idx": 359,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dennis_Irwin",
"tokens": [
"dennis",
"irwin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 360,
"end_token_idx": 362,
"identifier": "/wiki/James_Williams_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"james",
"williams"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 370,
"end_token_idx": 373,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis",
"tokens": [
"w",
"##yn",
"##ton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 374,
"end_token_idx": 378,
"identifier": "/wiki/Branford_Marsalis",
"tokens": [
"bran",
"##ford",
"mars",
"##alis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 390,
"end_token_idx": 392,
"identifier": "/wiki/Donald_Brown_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"donald",
"brown"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 393,
"end_token_idx": 398,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mulgrew_Miller",
"tokens": [
"mu",
"##l",
"##gre",
"##w",
"miller"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 409,
"end_token_idx": 414,
"identifier": "/wiki/Charles_Fambrough",
"tokens": [
"charles",
"fa",
"##mb",
"##rou",
"##gh"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 415,
"end_token_idx": 421,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lonnie_Plaxico",
"tokens": [
"lo",
"##nni",
"##e",
"pl",
"##ax",
"##ico"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 425,
"end_token_idx": 427,
"identifier": "/wiki/Peter_Washington",
"tokens": [
"peter",
"washington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 439,
"end_token_idx": 441,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bill_Pierce_(saxophonist)",
"tokens": [
"bill",
"pierce"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 442,
"end_token_idx": 444,
"identifier": "/wiki/Donald_Harrison",
"tokens": [
"donald",
"harrison"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 446,
"end_token_idx": 449,
"identifier": "/wiki/Javon_Jackson",
"tokens": [
"ja",
"##von",
"jackson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 450,
"end_token_idx": 452,
"identifier": "/wiki/Terence_Blanchard",
"tokens": [
"terence",
"blanchard"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 478,
"end_token_idx": 482,
"identifier": "/wiki/Roy_Hargrove",
"tokens": [
"roy",
"ha",
"##rg",
"##rove"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 483,
"end_token_idx": 485,
"identifier": "/wiki/Marcus_Roberts",
"tokens": [
"marcus",
"roberts"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 486,
"end_token_idx": 489,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wallace_Roney",
"tokens": [
"wallace",
"ron",
"##ey"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 490,
"end_token_idx": 494,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mark_Whitfield",
"tokens": [
"mark",
"w",
"##hit",
"##field"
]
}
] | [
101,
9265,
2007,
4069,
2489,
4166,
3787,
1517,
2511,
2010,
2061,
1011,
2170,
1005,
4781,
7146,
1005,
1999,
3172,
1010,
2029,
1010,
2348,
2036,
5681,
11131,
7268,
24584,
1010,
2038,
3952,
2864,
1998,
2680,
4166,
4781,
1012,
14556,
4563,
2050,
6660,
2211,
11131,
4166,
4781,
1999,
1996,
3865,
1010,
2383,
15486,
2068,
2005,
1996,
3955,
1012,
1999,
3055,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2160,
1997,
4505,
1998,
4001,
2979,
1037,
3021,
3818,
2011,
3537,
4387,
2198,
9530,
10532,
2015,
3781,
1012,
2000,
9375,
4166,
2004,
1037,
4310,
2433,
1997,
2137,
2189,
1010,
5517,
1000,
4166,
2003,
2182,
3762,
4351,
2004,
1037,
4678,
1998,
7070,
2120,
2137,
8813,
2000,
2029,
2057,
2323,
23313,
2256,
3086,
1010,
2490,
1998,
4219,
2000,
2191,
3056,
2009,
2003,
6560,
1010,
5319,
1998,
20877,
5313,
11644,
1012,
1000,
2009,
2979,
1999,
1996,
2160,
2006,
2244,
2603,
1010,
3055,
1010,
1998,
1999,
1996,
4001,
2006,
2281,
1018,
1010,
3055,
1012,
1999,
2541,
1010,
6358,
7641,
1005,
1055,
4516,
4166,
5885,
2006,
13683,
1010,
3794,
1059,
6038,
2669,
7733,
13911,
1998,
2060,
8519,
15252,
1996,
2972,
2381,
1997,
2137,
4166,
2000,
2008,
2051,
1012,
2009,
2363,
2070,
6256,
1010,
2174,
1010,
2005,
2049,
4945,
2000,
8339,
1996,
2116,
8200,
2512,
1011,
2137,
7443,
1998,
6782,
1999,
4166,
2008,
2018,
2764,
1010,
1998,
2049,
3132,
6630,
1997,
2149,
8973,
1999,
1996,
2197,
4284,
1997,
1996,
3983,
2301,
1012,
1996,
14053,
1997,
2402,
4166,
5848,
2927,
2000,
4685,
1999,
3080,
1010,
2511,
5389,
1005,
2967,
2582,
19209,
1996,
26303,
1997,
3151,
2964,
1999,
1996,
4166,
2451,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3955,
1010,
1996,
2967,
1997,
9306,
5708,
1998,
2396,
6511,
2100,
1998,
1996,
4166,
28938,
6025,
2037,
4603,
4166,
8107,
1999,
1996,
12930,
1997,
10077,
1998,
4166,
1011,
2600,
1010,
1998,
1999,
2804,
2000,
7669,
21725,
2037,
4490,
1010,
6915,
2000,
2424,
3920,
8213,
1997,
5073,
2000,
14469,
3973,
2377,
3151,
6782,
2107,
2004,
2524,
29432,
1998,
2022,
5092,
2361,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2397,
3955,
1010,
2174,
1010,
1037,
26303,
1997,
3920,
4166,
2867,
1999,
6511,
2100,
1005,
1055,
2316,
2211,
2000,
5258,
1012,
2023,
2929,
2443,
5389,
2107,
2004,
10380,
2854,
13433,
3630,
24376,
2615,
1998,
6173,
7908,
1010,
6877,
17514,
1998,
2508,
3766,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3865,
1010,
1999,
2804,
2000,
1059,
6038,
2669,
1998,
24905,
3877,
7733,
13911,
1010,
1996,
14053,
1997,
9066,
2015,
1999,
1996,
4166,
28938,
2107,
2004,
6221,
2829,
1010,
14163,
2140,
17603,
2860,
4679,
1010,
1998,
2101,
1010,
11945,
2665,
1010,
9858,
2015,
2107,
2004,
2798,
6904,
14905,
22494,
5603,
1010,
8840,
23500,
2063,
20228,
8528,
11261,
1006,
1998,
2101,
1010,
2848,
2899,
1998,
9686,
11741,
2102,
9686,
11741,
2102,
1007,
7109,
2867,
2107,
2004,
3021,
9267,
1010,
6221,
6676,
1998,
2101,
14855,
17789,
4027,
1998,
22677,
26870,
6003,
2004,
10904,
4166,
5389,
1010,
2035,
1997,
3183,
2081,
3278,
5857,
1999,
1996,
4134,
1998,
8876,
1012,
1996,
2402,
4166,
28938,
1005,
16682,
1010,
2164,
6060,
5292,
10623,
17597,
1010,
6647,
7031,
1010,
7825,
6902,
3240,
1998,
2928,
1059,
16584,
3790,
2020,
2036,
5105,
2011,
1059,
6038,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"##ton",
"mars",
"##alis",
"'",
"s",
"emphasis",
"toward",
"jazz",
"tradition",
".",
"these",
"younger",
"rising",
"stars",
"rejected",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"approaches",
"and",
"instead",
"championed",
"the",
"acoustic",
"jazz",
"sound",
"of",
"charlie",
"parker",
",",
"the",
"##lon",
"##ious",
"monk",
"and",
"early",
"recordings",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"miles",
"davis",
"quintet",
".",
"this",
"group",
"of",
"\"",
"young",
"lions",
"\"",
"sought",
"to",
"re",
"##af",
"##firm",
"jazz",
"as",
"a",
"high",
"art",
"tradition",
"comparable",
"to",
"the",
"discipline",
"of",
"classical",
"music",
".",
"in",
"addition",
",",
"betty",
"carter",
"'",
"s",
"rotation",
"of",
"young",
"musicians",
"in",
"her",
"group",
"fore",
"##sha",
"##do",
"##wed",
"many",
"of",
"new",
"york",
"'",
"s",
"pre",
"##emi",
"##nent",
"traditional",
"jazz",
"players",
"later",
"in",
"their",
"careers",
".",
"among",
"these",
"musicians",
"were",
"jazz",
"messenger",
"alumni",
"benny",
"green",
",",
"bran",
"##ford",
"mars",
"##alis",
"and",
"ralph",
"peterson",
"jr",
".",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"kenny",
"washington",
",",
"lewis",
"nash",
",",
"curtis",
"lund",
"##y",
",",
"cyrus",
"chestnut",
",",
"mark",
"shi",
"##m",
",",
"craig",
"handy",
",",
"greg",
"hutchinson",
"and",
"marc",
"cary",
",",
"tau",
"##rus",
"mate",
"##en",
"and",
"ge",
"##ri",
"allen",
".",
"o",
".",
"t",
".",
"b",
".",
"ensemble",
"included",
"a",
"rotation",
"of",
"young",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"such",
"as",
"kenny",
"garrett",
",",
"steve",
"wilson",
",",
"kenny",
"davis",
",",
"renee",
"ro",
"##s",
"##nes",
",",
"ralph",
"peterson",
"jr",
".",
",",
"billy",
"drummond",
",",
"and",
"robert",
"hurst",
".",
"starting",
"in",
"the",
"1990s",
",",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"players",
"from",
"largely",
"straight",
"-",
"ahead",
"or",
"post",
"-",
"bop",
"backgrounds",
"emerged",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"rise",
"of",
"neo",
"-",
"traditional",
"##ist",
"jazz",
",",
"including",
"pianist",
"##s",
"jason",
"moran",
"and",
"vijay",
"i",
"##yer",
",",
"guitarist",
"kurt",
"rosen",
"##win",
"##kel",
",",
"vi",
"##bra",
"##phon",
"##ist",
"ste",
"##fo",
"##n",
"harris",
",",
"trumpeter",
"##s",
"roy",
"ha",
"##rg",
"##rove",
"and",
"terence",
"blanchard",
",",
"saxophonist",
"##s",
"chris",
"potter",
"and",
"joshua",
"red",
"##man",
",",
"clarinet",
"##ist",
"ken",
"pep",
"##low",
"##ski",
"and",
"bassist",
"christian",
"mcbride",
".",
"in",
"the",
"early",
"1980s",
",",
"a",
"commercial",
"form",
"of",
"jazz",
"fusion",
"called",
"\"",
"pop",
"fusion",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"smooth",
"jazz",
"\"",
"became",
"successful",
",",
"garner",
"##ing",
"significant",
"radio",
"airplay",
"in",
"\"",
"quiet",
"storm",
"\"",
"time",
"slots",
"at",
"radio",
"stations",
"in",
"urban",
"markets",
"across",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"this",
"helped",
"to",
"establish",
"or",
"bo",
"##lster",
"the",
"careers",
"of",
"vocalists",
"including",
"al",
"jar",
"##rea",
"##u",
",",
"anita",
"baker",
",",
"cha",
"##ka",
"khan",
",",
"and",
"sad",
"##e",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"saxophonist",
"##s",
"including",
"grover",
"washington",
"jr",
".",
",",
"kenny",
"g",
",",
"kirk",
"w",
"##hal",
"##um",
",",
"bone",
"##y",
"james",
",",
"and",
"david",
"san",
"##born",
".",
"in",
"general",
",",
"smooth",
"jazz",
"is",
"down",
"##tem",
"##po",
"(",
"the",
"most",
"widely",
"played",
"tracks",
"are",
"of",
"90",
"–",
"105",
"beats",
"per",
"minute",
")",
",",
"and",
"has",
"a",
"lead",
"melody",
"-",
"playing",
"instrument",
"(",
"saxophone",
",",
"especially",
"soprano",
"and",
"tenor",
",",
"and",
"leg",
"##ato",
"electric",
"guitar",
"are",
"popular",
")",
".",
"in",
"his",
"newsweek",
"article",
"\"",
"the",
"problem",
"with",
"jazz",
"criticism",
"\"",
",",
"stanley",
"crouch",
"considers",
"miles",
"davis",
"'",
"playing",
"of",
"fusion",
"to",
"be",
"a",
"turning",
"point",
"that",
"led",
"to",
"smooth",
"jazz",
".",
"critic",
"aaron",
"j",
".",
"west",
"has",
"countered",
"the",
"often",
"negative",
"perceptions",
"of",
"smooth",
"jazz",
",",
"stating",
":",
"i",
"challenge",
"the",
"prevalent"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 30,
"end_token_idx": 34,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thelonious_Monk",
"tokens": [
"the",
"##lon",
"##ious",
"monk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 40,
"end_token_idx": 42,
"identifier": "/wiki/Miles_Davis",
"tokens": [
"miles",
"davis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 73,
"end_token_idx": 75,
"identifier": "/wiki/Betty_Carter",
"tokens": [
"betty",
"carter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 112,
"end_token_idx": 114,
"identifier": "/wiki/Benny_Green_(pianist)",
"tokens": [
"benny",
"green"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 115,
"end_token_idx": 119,
"identifier": "/wiki/Branford_Marsalis",
"tokens": [
"bran",
"##ford",
"mars",
"##alis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 120,
"end_token_idx": 124,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ralph_Peterson_Jr.",
"tokens": [
"ralph",
"peterson",
"jr",
"."
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 128,
"end_token_idx": 130,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kenny_Washington_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"kenny",
"washington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 131,
"end_token_idx": 133,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lewis_Nash",
"tokens": [
"lewis",
"nash"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 134,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Curtis_Lundy",
"tokens": [
"curtis",
"lund",
"##y"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 138,
"end_token_idx": 140,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cyrus_Chestnut",
"tokens": [
"cyrus",
"chestnut"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 141,
"end_token_idx": 144,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mark_Shim",
"tokens": [
"mark",
"shi",
"##m"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 145,
"end_token_idx": 147,
"identifier": "/wiki/Craig_Handy",
"tokens": [
"craig",
"handy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 151,
"end_token_idx": 153,
"identifier": "/wiki/Marc_Cary",
"tokens": [
"marc",
"cary"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 154,
"end_token_idx": 158,
"identifier": "/wiki/Taurus_Mateen",
"tokens": [
"tau",
"##rus",
"mate",
"##en"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 159,
"end_token_idx": 162,
"identifier": "/wiki/Geri_Allen",
"tokens": [
"ge",
"##ri",
"allen"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 163,
"end_token_idx": 169,
"identifier": "/wiki/Out_of_the_Blue_(American_band)",
"tokens": [
"o",
".",
"t",
".",
"b",
"."
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 181,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kenny_Garrett",
"tokens": [
"kenny",
"garrett"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 182,
"end_token_idx": 184,
"identifier": "/wiki/Steve_Wilson_(jazz_musician)",
"tokens": [
"steve",
"wilson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 185,
"end_token_idx": 187,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kenny_Davis_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"kenny",
"davis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 188,
"end_token_idx": 192,
"identifier": "/wiki/Renee_Rosnes",
"tokens": [
"renee",
"ro",
"##s",
"##nes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 197,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ralph_Peterson_Jr.",
"tokens": [
"ralph",
"peterson",
"jr",
"."
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 198,
"end_token_idx": 200,
"identifier": "/wiki/Billy_Drummond",
"tokens": [
"billy",
"drummond"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 202,
"end_token_idx": 204,
"identifier": "/wiki/Robert_Hurst_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"robert",
"hurst"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 243,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jason_Moran_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"jason",
"moran"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 244,
"end_token_idx": 247,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vijay_Iyer",
"tokens": [
"vijay",
"i",
"##yer"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 249,
"end_token_idx": 253,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kurt_Rosenwinkel",
"tokens": [
"kurt",
"rosen",
"##win",
"##kel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 258,
"end_token_idx": 262,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stefon_Harris",
"tokens": [
"ste",
"##fo",
"##n",
"harris"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 265,
"end_token_idx": 269,
"identifier": "/wiki/Roy_Hargrove",
"tokens": [
"roy",
"ha",
"##rg",
"##rove"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 270,
"end_token_idx": 272,
"identifier": "/wiki/Terence_Blanchard",
"tokens": [
"terence",
"blanchard"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 275,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chris_Potter_(jazz_saxophonist)",
"tokens": [
"chris",
"potter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 281,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joshua_Redman",
"tokens": [
"joshua",
"red",
"##man"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 284,
"end_token_idx": 288,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ken_Peplowski",
"tokens": [
"ken",
"pep",
"##low",
"##ski"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 290,
"end_token_idx": 292,
"identifier": "/wiki/Christian_McBride",
"tokens": [
"christian",
"mcbride"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 324,
"end_token_idx": 326,
"identifier": "/wiki/Quiet_storm",
"tokens": [
"quiet",
"storm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 353,
"end_token_idx": 357,
"identifier": "/wiki/Al_Jarreau",
"tokens": [
"al",
"jar",
"##rea",
"##u"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 358,
"end_token_idx": 360,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anita_Baker",
"tokens": [
"anita",
"baker"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 361,
"end_token_idx": 364,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chaka_Khan",
"tokens": [
"cha",
"##ka",
"khan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 366,
"end_token_idx": 368,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sade_Adu",
"tokens": [
"sad",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 375,
"end_token_idx": 379,
"identifier": "/wiki/Grover_Washington_Jr.",
"tokens": [
"grover",
"washington",
"jr",
"."
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 380,
"end_token_idx": 382,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kenny_G",
"tokens": [
"kenny",
"g"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 387,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kirk_Whalum",
"tokens": [
"kirk",
"w",
"##hal",
"##um"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 388,
"end_token_idx": 391,
"identifier": "/wiki/Boney_James",
"tokens": [
"bone",
"##y",
"james"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 393,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/David_Sanborn",
"tokens": [
"david",
"san",
"##born"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 417,
"end_token_idx": 420,
"identifier": "/wiki/Beats_per_minute",
"tokens": [
"beats",
"per",
"minute"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 439,
"end_token_idx": 441,
"identifier": "/wiki/Legato",
"tokens": [
"leg",
"##ato"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 449,
"end_token_idx": 450,
"identifier": "/wiki/Newsweek",
"tokens": [
"newsweek"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 459,
"end_token_idx": 461,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stanley_Crouch",
"tokens": [
"stanley",
"crouch"
]
}
] | [
101,
2669,
7733,
13911,
1005,
1055,
7902,
2646,
4166,
4535,
1012,
2122,
3920,
4803,
3340,
5837,
14815,
1011,
14535,
8107,
1998,
2612,
28683,
1996,
6490,
4166,
2614,
1997,
4918,
6262,
1010,
1996,
7811,
6313,
8284,
1998,
2220,
5633,
1997,
1996,
2034,
2661,
4482,
18109,
1012,
2023,
2177,
1997,
1000,
2402,
7212,
1000,
4912,
2000,
2128,
10354,
27972,
4166,
2004,
1037,
2152,
2396,
4535,
12435,
2000,
1996,
9009,
1997,
4556,
2189,
1012,
1999,
2804,
1010,
9306,
5708,
1005,
1055,
9963,
1997,
2402,
5389,
1999,
2014,
2177,
18921,
7377,
3527,
15557,
2116,
1997,
2047,
2259,
1005,
1055,
3653,
23238,
21576,
3151,
4166,
2867,
2101,
1999,
2037,
10922,
1012,
2426,
2122,
5389,
2020,
4166,
11981,
9441,
11945,
2665,
1010,
24905,
3877,
7733,
13911,
1998,
6798,
12001,
3781,
1012,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
8888,
2899,
1010,
4572,
10594,
1010,
9195,
21860,
2100,
1010,
16123,
15655,
1010,
2928,
11895,
2213,
1010,
7010,
18801,
1010,
6754,
17165,
1998,
7871,
20533,
1010,
19982,
7946,
6775,
2368,
1998,
16216,
3089,
5297,
1012,
1051,
1012,
1056,
1012,
1038,
1012,
7241,
2443,
1037,
9963,
1997,
2402,
4166,
5389,
2107,
2004,
8888,
9674,
1010,
3889,
4267,
1010,
8888,
4482,
1010,
17400,
20996,
2015,
5267,
1010,
6798,
12001,
3781,
1012,
1010,
5006,
19266,
1010,
1998,
2728,
26405,
1012,
3225,
1999,
1996,
4134,
1010,
1037,
2193,
1997,
2867,
2013,
4321,
3442,
1011,
3805,
2030,
2695,
1011,
29432,
15406,
6003,
2004,
1037,
2765,
1997,
1996,
4125,
1997,
9253,
1011,
3151,
2923,
4166,
1010,
2164,
9066,
2015,
4463,
17866,
1998,
17027,
1045,
10532,
1010,
5990,
9679,
21701,
10105,
11705,
1010,
6819,
10024,
20846,
2923,
26261,
14876,
2078,
5671,
1010,
28220,
2015,
6060,
5292,
10623,
17597,
1998,
22677,
26870,
1010,
19977,
2015,
3782,
10693,
1998,
9122,
2417,
2386,
1010,
12089,
2923,
6358,
27233,
8261,
5488,
1998,
9858,
3017,
18958,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2220,
3865,
1010,
1037,
3293,
2433,
1997,
4166,
10077,
2170,
1000,
3769,
10077,
1000,
2030,
1000,
5744,
4166,
1000,
2150,
3144,
1010,
18661,
2075,
3278,
2557,
15341,
1999,
1000,
4251,
4040,
1000,
2051,
19832,
2012,
2557,
3703,
1999,
3923,
6089,
2408,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
2023,
3271,
2000,
5323,
2030,
8945,
29576,
1996,
10922,
1997,
27478,
2164,
2632,
15723,
16416,
2226,
1010,
12918,
6243,
1010,
15775,
2912,
4967,
1010,
1998,
6517,
2063,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
19977,
2015,
2164,
25242,
2899,
3781,
1012,
1010,
8888,
1043,
1010,
11332,
1059,
8865,
2819,
1010,
5923,
2100,
2508,
1010,
1998,
2585,
2624,
10280,
1012,
1999,
2236,
1010,
5744,
4166,
2003,
2091,
18532,
6873,
1006,
1996,
2087,
4235,
2209,
3162,
2024,
1997,
3938,
1516,
8746,
10299,
2566,
3371,
1007,
1010,
1998,
2038,
1037,
2599,
8531,
1011,
2652,
6602,
1006,
8283,
1010,
2926,
10430,
1998,
9534,
1010,
1998,
4190,
10610,
3751,
2858,
2024,
2759,
1007,
1012,
1999,
2010,
26948,
3720,
1000,
1996,
3291,
2007,
4166,
6256,
1000,
1010,
6156,
21676,
10592,
2661,
4482,
1005,
2652,
1997,
10077,
2000,
2022,
1037,
3810,
2391,
2008,
2419,
2000,
5744,
4166,
1012,
6232,
7158,
1046,
1012,
2225,
2038,
17970,
1996,
2411,
4997,
23271,
1997,
5744,
4166,
1010,
5517,
1024,
1045,
4119,
1996,
15157,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"marginal",
"##ization",
"and",
"mali",
"##gn",
"##ment",
"of",
"smooth",
"jazz",
"in",
"the",
"standard",
"jazz",
"narrative",
".",
"furthermore",
",",
"i",
"question",
"the",
"assumption",
"that",
"smooth",
"jazz",
"is",
"an",
"unfortunate",
"and",
"un",
"##we",
"##lco",
"##med",
"evolutionary",
"outcome",
"of",
"the",
"jazz",
"-",
"fusion",
"era",
".",
"instead",
",",
"i",
"argue",
"that",
"smooth",
"jazz",
"is",
"a",
"long",
"-",
"lived",
"musical",
"style",
"that",
"merits",
"multi",
"-",
"disciplinary",
"analyses",
"of",
"its",
"origins",
",",
"critical",
"dialogues",
",",
"performance",
"practice",
",",
"and",
"reception",
".",
"acid",
"jazz",
"developed",
"in",
"the",
"uk",
"in",
"the",
"1980s",
"and",
"1990s",
",",
"influenced",
"by",
"jazz",
"-",
"funk",
"and",
"electronic",
"dance",
"music",
".",
"acid",
"jazz",
"often",
"contains",
"various",
"types",
"of",
"electronic",
"composition",
"(",
"sometimes",
"including",
"sampling",
"or",
"live",
"dj",
"cutting",
"and",
"scratching",
")",
",",
"but",
"it",
"is",
"just",
"as",
"likely",
"to",
"be",
"played",
"live",
"by",
"musicians",
",",
"who",
"often",
"showcase",
"jazz",
"interpretation",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"their",
"performance",
".",
"richard",
"s",
".",
"gin",
"##ell",
"of",
"allmusic",
"considers",
"roy",
"aye",
"##rs",
"\"",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"prophets",
"of",
"acid",
"jazz",
"\"",
".",
"nu",
"jazz",
"is",
"influenced",
"by",
"jazz",
"harmony",
"and",
"melodies",
",",
"and",
"there",
"are",
"usually",
"no",
"improvisation",
"##al",
"aspects",
".",
"it",
"can",
"be",
"very",
"experimental",
"in",
"nature",
"and",
"can",
"vary",
"widely",
"in",
"sound",
"and",
"concept",
".",
"it",
"ranges",
"from",
"the",
"combination",
"of",
"live",
"instrumentation",
"with",
"the",
"beats",
"of",
"jazz",
"house",
"(",
"as",
"exemplified",
"by",
"st",
"germain",
",",
"jazz",
"##anov",
"##a",
",",
"and",
"fi",
"##la",
"brazil",
"##lia",
")",
"to",
"more",
"band",
"-",
"based",
"improvised",
"jazz",
"with",
"electronic",
"elements",
"(",
"for",
"example",
",",
"the",
"cinematic",
"orchestra",
",",
"ko",
"##bol",
"and",
"the",
"norwegian",
"\"",
"future",
"jazz",
"\"",
"style",
"pioneered",
"by",
"bug",
"##ge",
"wes",
"##sel",
"##to",
"##ft",
",",
"ja",
"##ga",
"jazz",
"##ist",
",",
"and",
"nils",
"pet",
"##ter",
"mo",
"##l",
"##v",
"##æ",
"##r",
")",
".",
"jazz",
"rap",
"developed",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1980s",
"and",
"early",
"1990s",
"and",
"incorporates",
"jazz",
"influences",
"into",
"hip",
"hop",
".",
"in",
"1988",
",",
"gang",
"starr",
"released",
"the",
"debut",
"single",
"\"",
"words",
"i",
"manifest",
"\"",
",",
"which",
"sampled",
"dizzy",
"gillespie",
"'",
"s",
"1962",
"\"",
"night",
"in",
"tunisia",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"ste",
"##tsa",
"##sonic",
"released",
"\"",
"talk",
"##in",
"'",
"all",
"that",
"jazz",
"\"",
",",
"which",
"sampled",
"lo",
"##nni",
"##e",
"list",
"##on",
"smith",
".",
"gang",
"starr",
"'",
"s",
"debut",
"lp",
"no",
"more",
"mr",
".",
"nice",
"guy",
"(",
"1989",
")",
"and",
"their",
"1990",
"track",
"\"",
"jazz",
"thing",
"\"",
"sampled",
"charlie",
"parker",
"and",
"ramsey",
"lewis",
".",
"the",
"groups",
"which",
"made",
"up",
"the",
"native",
"tongues",
"posse",
"tended",
"toward",
"jazz",
"##y",
"releases",
":",
"these",
"include",
"the",
"jungle",
"brothers",
"'",
"debut",
"straight",
"out",
"the",
"jungle",
"(",
"1988",
")",
",",
"and",
"a",
"tribe",
"called",
"quest",
"'",
"s",
"people",
"'",
"s",
"instinct",
"##ive",
"travels",
"and",
"the",
"paths",
"of",
"rhythm",
"(",
"1990",
")",
"and",
"the",
"low",
"end",
"theory",
"(",
"1991",
")",
".",
"rap",
"duo",
"pete",
"rock",
"&",
"amp",
";",
"cl",
"smooth",
"incorporated",
"jazz",
"influences",
"on",
"their",
"1992",
"debut",
"mecca",
"and",
"the",
"soul",
"brother",
".",
"rapper",
"guru",
"'",
"s",
"jazz",
"##mata",
"##zz",
"series",
"began",
"in",
"1993",
"using",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"during",
"the",
"studio",
"recordings",
".",
"although",
"jazz",
"rap",
"had",
"achieved",
"little",
"mainstream",
"success",
",",
"miles",
"davis",
"'",
"final",
"album",
"doo",
"-",
"bop",
"(",
"released"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 74,
"end_token_idx": 76,
"identifier": "/wiki/Acid_jazz",
"tokens": [
"acid",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 88,
"end_token_idx": 91,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz-funk",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"-",
"funk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 92,
"end_token_idx": 95,
"identifier": "/wiki/Electronic_music",
"tokens": [
"electronic",
"dance",
"music"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 108,
"end_token_idx": 109,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sampling_(music)",
"tokens": [
"sampling"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 114,
"end_token_idx": 115,
"identifier": "/wiki/Scratching",
"tokens": [
"scratching"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 149,
"end_token_idx": 152,
"identifier": "/wiki/Roy_Ayers",
"tokens": [
"roy",
"aye",
"##rs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 162,
"end_token_idx": 164,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nu_jazz",
"tokens": [
"nu",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 210,
"end_token_idx": 211,
"identifier": "/wiki/House_music",
"tokens": [
"house"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 217,
"identifier": "/wiki/Saint_Germain_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"st",
"germain"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 218,
"end_token_idx": 221,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazzanova",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"##anov",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 223,
"end_token_idx": 227,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fila_Brazillia",
"tokens": [
"fi",
"##la",
"brazil",
"##lia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 242,
"end_token_idx": 245,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Cinematic_Orchestra",
"tokens": [
"the",
"cinematic",
"orchestra"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 246,
"end_token_idx": 248,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kobol_(band)",
"tokens": [
"ko",
"##bol"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 258,
"end_token_idx": 264,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bugge_Wesseltoft",
"tokens": [
"bug",
"##ge",
"wes",
"##sel",
"##to",
"##ft"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 265,
"end_token_idx": 269,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jaga_Jazzist",
"tokens": [
"ja",
"##ga",
"jazz",
"##ist"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 271,
"end_token_idx": 279,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nils_Petter_Molv%C3%A6r",
"tokens": [
"nils",
"pet",
"##ter",
"mo",
"##l",
"##v",
"##æ",
"##r"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 281,
"end_token_idx": 283,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazz_rap",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"rap"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 296,
"end_token_idx": 298,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hip_hop",
"tokens": [
"hip",
"hop"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 302,
"end_token_idx": 304,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gang_Starr",
"tokens": [
"gang",
"starr"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 328,
"end_token_idx": 331,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stetsasonic",
"tokens": [
"ste",
"##tsa",
"##sonic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 343,
"end_token_idx": 349,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lonnie_Liston_Smith",
"tokens": [
"lo",
"##nni",
"##e",
"list",
"##on",
"smith"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 362,
"identifier": "/wiki/No_More_Mr._Nice_Guy_(Gang_Starr_album)",
"tokens": [
"no",
"more",
"mr",
".",
"nice",
"guy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 377,
"end_token_idx": 379,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ramsey_Lewis",
"tokens": [
"ramsey",
"lewis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 386,
"end_token_idx": 389,
"identifier": "/wiki/Native_Tongues_Posse",
"tokens": [
"native",
"tongues",
"posse"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 398,
"end_token_idx": 400,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jungle_Brothers",
"tokens": [
"jungle",
"brothers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 402,
"end_token_idx": 406,
"identifier": "/wiki/Straight_Out_the_Jungle",
"tokens": [
"straight",
"out",
"the",
"jungle"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 415,
"identifier": "/wiki/A_Tribe_Called_Quest",
"tokens": [
"a",
"tribe",
"called",
"quest"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 417,
"end_token_idx": 428,
"identifier": "/wiki/People%27s_Instinctive_Travels_and_the_Paths_of_Rhythm",
"tokens": [
"people",
"'",
"s",
"instinct",
"##ive",
"travels",
"and",
"the",
"paths",
"of",
"rhythm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 432,
"end_token_idx": 436,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Low_End_Theory",
"tokens": [
"the",
"low",
"end",
"theory"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 442,
"end_token_idx": 449,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pete_Rock_%26_CL_Smooth",
"tokens": [
"pete",
"rock",
"&",
"amp",
";",
"cl",
"smooth"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 456,
"end_token_idx": 461,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mecca_and_the_Soul_Brother",
"tokens": [
"mecca",
"and",
"the",
"soul",
"brother"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 463,
"end_token_idx": 464,
"identifier": "/wiki/Guru_(rapper)",
"tokens": [
"guru"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 466,
"end_token_idx": 469,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jazzmatazz,_Vol._1",
"tokens": [
"jazz",
"##mata",
"##zz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 495,
"end_token_idx": 498,
"identifier": "/wiki/Doo-Bop",
"tokens": [
"doo",
"-",
"bop"
]
}
] | [
101,
14785,
3989,
1998,
16007,
16206,
3672,
1997,
5744,
4166,
1999,
1996,
3115,
4166,
7984,
1012,
7297,
1010,
1045,
3160,
1996,
11213,
2008,
5744,
4166,
2003,
2019,
15140,
1998,
4895,
8545,
22499,
7583,
12761,
9560,
1997,
1996,
4166,
1011,
10077,
3690,
1012,
2612,
1010,
1045,
7475,
2008,
5744,
4166,
2003,
1037,
2146,
1011,
2973,
3315,
2806,
2008,
22617,
4800,
1011,
17972,
16478,
1997,
2049,
7321,
1010,
4187,
22580,
1010,
2836,
3218,
1010,
1998,
7684,
1012,
5648,
4166,
2764,
1999,
1996,
2866,
1999,
1996,
3865,
1998,
4134,
1010,
5105,
2011,
4166,
1011,
11962,
1998,
4816,
3153,
2189,
1012,
5648,
4166,
2411,
3397,
2536,
4127,
1997,
4816,
5512,
1006,
2823,
2164,
16227,
2030,
2444,
6520,
6276,
1998,
20291,
1007,
1010,
2021,
2009,
2003,
2074,
2004,
3497,
2000,
2022,
2209,
2444,
2011,
5389,
1010,
2040,
2411,
13398,
4166,
7613,
2004,
2112,
1997,
2037,
2836,
1012,
2957,
1055,
1012,
18353,
5349,
1997,
10477,
10592,
6060,
13442,
2869,
1000,
2028,
1997,
1996,
23172,
1997,
5648,
4166,
1000,
1012,
16371,
4166,
2003,
5105,
2011,
4166,
9396,
1998,
16106,
1010,
1998,
2045,
2024,
2788,
2053,
24584,
2389,
5919,
1012,
2009,
2064,
2022,
2200,
6388,
1999,
3267,
1998,
2064,
8137,
4235,
1999,
2614,
1998,
4145,
1012,
2009,
8483,
2013,
1996,
5257,
1997,
2444,
16015,
2007,
1996,
10299,
1997,
4166,
2160,
1006,
2004,
28593,
2011,
2358,
19192,
1010,
4166,
25417,
2050,
1010,
1998,
10882,
2721,
4380,
6632,
1007,
2000,
2062,
2316,
1011,
2241,
19641,
4166,
2007,
4816,
3787,
1006,
2005,
2742,
1010,
1996,
21014,
4032,
1010,
12849,
14956,
1998,
1996,
5046,
1000,
2925,
4166,
1000,
2806,
16193,
2011,
11829,
3351,
14008,
11246,
3406,
6199,
1010,
14855,
3654,
4166,
2923,
1010,
1998,
27282,
9004,
3334,
9587,
2140,
2615,
29667,
2099,
1007,
1012,
4166,
9680,
2764,
1999,
1996,
2397,
3865,
1998,
2220,
4134,
1998,
12374,
4166,
8092,
2046,
5099,
6154,
1012,
1999,
2997,
1010,
6080,
14330,
2207,
1996,
2834,
2309,
1000,
2616,
1045,
19676,
1000,
1010,
2029,
18925,
14849,
21067,
1005,
1055,
3705,
1000,
2305,
1999,
13437,
1000,
1010,
1998,
26261,
27110,
18585,
2207,
1000,
2831,
2378,
1005,
2035,
2008,
4166,
1000,
1010,
2029,
18925,
8840,
23500,
2063,
2862,
2239,
3044,
1012,
6080,
14330,
1005,
1055,
2834,
6948,
2053,
2062,
2720,
1012,
3835,
3124,
1006,
2960,
1007,
1998,
2037,
2901,
2650,
1000,
4166,
2518,
1000,
18925,
4918,
6262,
1998,
15092,
4572,
1012,
1996,
2967,
2029,
2081,
2039,
1996,
3128,
19677,
25751,
11121,
2646,
4166,
2100,
7085,
1024,
2122,
2421,
1996,
8894,
3428,
1005,
2834,
3442,
2041,
1996,
8894,
1006,
2997,
1007,
1010,
1998,
1037,
5917,
2170,
8795,
1005,
1055,
2111,
1005,
1055,
12753,
3512,
7930,
1998,
1996,
10425,
1997,
6348,
1006,
2901,
1007,
1998,
1996,
2659,
2203,
3399,
1006,
2889,
1007,
1012,
9680,
6829,
6969,
2600,
1004,
23713,
1025,
18856,
5744,
5100,
4166,
8092,
2006,
2037,
2826,
2834,
21340,
1998,
1996,
3969,
2567,
1012,
10687,
11972,
1005,
1055,
4166,
21022,
13213,
2186,
2211,
1999,
2857,
2478,
4166,
5389,
2076,
1996,
2996,
5633,
1012,
2348,
4166,
9680,
2018,
4719,
2210,
7731,
3112,
1010,
2661,
4482,
1005,
2345,
2201,
20160,
1011,
29432,
1006,
2207,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"posthumously",
"in",
"1992",
")",
"was",
"based",
"on",
"hip",
"hop",
"beats",
"and",
"collaborations",
"with",
"producer",
"easy",
"mo",
"bee",
".",
"davis",
"'",
"ex",
"-",
"band",
"##mate",
"herb",
"##ie",
"hancock",
"also",
"absorbed",
"hip",
"-",
"hop",
"influences",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1990s",
",",
"releasing",
"the",
"album",
"di",
"##s",
"is",
"da",
"drum",
"in",
"1994",
".",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"2010s",
"saw",
"an",
"increased",
"influence",
"of",
"r",
"&",
"b",
",",
"hip",
"-",
"hop",
",",
"and",
"pop",
"music",
"on",
"jazz",
".",
"in",
"2015",
",",
"kendrick",
"lamar",
"released",
"his",
"third",
"studio",
"album",
",",
"to",
"pi",
"##mp",
"a",
"butterfly",
".",
"the",
"album",
"heavily",
"featured",
"prominent",
"contemporary",
"jazz",
"artists",
"such",
"as",
"thunder",
"##cat",
"and",
"red",
"##efined",
"jazz",
"rap",
"with",
"a",
"larger",
"focus",
"on",
"improvisation",
"and",
"live",
"solo",
"##ing",
"rather",
"than",
"simply",
"sampling",
".",
"in",
"that",
"same",
"year",
",",
"saxophonist",
"kam",
"##asi",
"washington",
"released",
"his",
"nearly",
"three",
"-",
"hour",
"long",
"debut",
",",
"the",
"epic",
".",
"its",
"hip",
"-",
"hop",
"inspired",
"beats",
"and",
"r",
"&",
"b",
"vocal",
"interlude",
"##s",
"was",
"not",
"only",
"acclaimed",
"by",
"critics",
"for",
"being",
"innovative",
"in",
"keeping",
"jazz",
"relevant",
",",
"but",
"also",
"sparked",
"a",
"small",
"resurgence",
"in",
"jazz",
"on",
"the",
"internet",
".",
"the",
"relaxation",
"of",
"orthodoxy",
"which",
"was",
"concurrent",
"with",
"post",
"-",
"punk",
"in",
"london",
"and",
"new",
"york",
"city",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"new",
"appreciation",
"of",
"jazz",
".",
"in",
"london",
",",
"the",
"pop",
"group",
"began",
"to",
"mix",
"free",
"jazz",
"and",
"dub",
"reggae",
"into",
"their",
"brand",
"of",
"punk",
"rock",
".",
"in",
"new",
"york",
",",
"no",
"wave",
"took",
"direct",
"inspiration",
"from",
"both",
"free",
"jazz",
"and",
"punk",
".",
"examples",
"of",
"this",
"style",
"include",
"lydia",
"lunch",
"'",
"s",
"queen",
"of",
"siam",
",",
"gray",
",",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"james",
"chance",
"and",
"the",
"con",
"##tort",
"##ions",
"(",
"who",
"mixed",
"soul",
"with",
"free",
"jazz",
"and",
"punk",
")",
"and",
"the",
"lounge",
"lizards",
"(",
"the",
"first",
"group",
"to",
"call",
"themselves",
"\"",
"punk",
"jazz",
"\"",
")",
".",
"john",
"z",
"##orn",
"took",
"note",
"of",
"the",
"emphasis",
"on",
"speed",
"and",
"di",
"##sson",
"##ance",
"that",
"was",
"becoming",
"prevalent",
"in",
"punk",
"rock",
",",
"and",
"incorporated",
"this",
"into",
"free",
"jazz",
"with",
"the",
"release",
"of",
"the",
"spy",
"vs",
".",
"spy",
"album",
"in",
"1986",
",",
"a",
"collection",
"of",
"or",
"##nett",
"##e",
"coleman",
"tunes",
"done",
"in",
"the",
"contemporary",
"thrash",
"##core",
"style",
".",
"in",
"the",
"same",
"year",
",",
"sonny",
"sha",
"##rro",
"##ck",
",",
"peter",
"bro",
"##tz",
"##mann",
",",
"bill",
"las",
"##well",
",",
"and",
"ronald",
"shannon",
"jackson",
"recorded",
"the",
"first",
"album",
"under",
"the",
"name",
"last",
"exit",
",",
"a",
"similarly",
"aggressive",
"blend",
"of",
"thrash",
"and",
"free",
"jazz",
".",
"these",
"developments",
"are",
"the",
"origins",
"of",
"jazz",
"##core",
",",
"the",
"fusion",
"of",
"free",
"jazz",
"with",
"hardcore",
"punk",
".",
"the",
"m",
"-",
"base",
"movement",
"started",
"in",
"the",
"1980s",
",",
"when",
"a",
"loose",
"collective",
"of",
"young",
"african",
"-",
"american",
"musicians",
"in",
"new",
"york",
"which",
"included",
"steve",
"coleman",
",",
"greg",
"os",
"##by",
",",
"and",
"gary",
"thomas",
"developed",
"a",
"complex",
"but",
"gr",
"##oo",
"##ving",
"sound",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1990s",
",",
"most",
"m",
"-",
"base",
"participants",
"turned",
"to",
"more",
"conventional",
"music",
",",
"but",
"coleman",
",",
"the",
"most",
"active",
"participant",
",",
"continued",
"developing",
"his",
"music",
"in",
"accordance",
"with",
"the",
"m",
"-",
"base",
"concept",
".",
"coleman",
"'",
"s",
"audience",
"decreased",
","
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 17,
"identifier": "/wiki/Easy_Mo_Bee",
"tokens": [
"easy",
"mo",
"bee"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 24,
"end_token_idx": 27,
"identifier": "/wiki/Herbie_Hancock",
"tokens": [
"herb",
"##ie",
"hancock"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 42,
"end_token_idx": 47,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dis_Is_Da_Drum",
"tokens": [
"di",
"##s",
"is",
"da",
"drum"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 76,
"end_token_idx": 78,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar",
"tokens": [
"kendrick",
"lamar"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 84,
"end_token_idx": 89,
"identifier": "/wiki/To_Pimp_a_Butterfly",
"tokens": [
"to",
"pi",
"##mp",
"a",
"butterfly"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 100,
"end_token_idx": 102,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thundercat_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"thunder",
"##cat"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 128,
"end_token_idx": 131,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kamasi_Washington",
"tokens": [
"kam",
"##asi",
"washington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 140,
"end_token_idx": 142,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Epic_(album)",
"tokens": [
"the",
"epic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 190,
"end_token_idx": 193,
"identifier": "/wiki/Post-punk",
"tokens": [
"post",
"-",
"punk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 210,
"end_token_idx": 213,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Pop_Group",
"tokens": [
"the",
"pop",
"group"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 232,
"end_token_idx": 234,
"identifier": "/wiki/No_Wave",
"tokens": [
"no",
"wave"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 249,
"end_token_idx": 251,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lydia_Lunch",
"tokens": [
"lydia",
"lunch"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 269,
"identifier": "/wiki/James_Chance_and_the_Contortions",
"tokens": [
"james",
"chance",
"and",
"the",
"con",
"##tort",
"##ions"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 272,
"end_token_idx": 273,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soul_music",
"tokens": [
"soul"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 277,
"end_token_idx": 278,
"identifier": "/wiki/Punk_rock",
"tokens": [
"punk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 281,
"end_token_idx": 283,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lounge_Lizards",
"tokens": [
"lounge",
"lizards"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 291,
"end_token_idx": 293,
"identifier": "/wiki/Punk_jazz",
"tokens": [
"punk",
"jazz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 296,
"end_token_idx": 299,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Zorn",
"tokens": [
"john",
"z",
"##orn"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 329,
"end_token_idx": 333,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spy_vs_Spy_(album)",
"tokens": [
"spy",
"vs",
".",
"spy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 340,
"end_token_idx": 344,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ornette_Coleman",
"tokens": [
"or",
"##nett",
"##e",
"coleman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 349,
"end_token_idx": 351,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thrashcore",
"tokens": [
"thrash",
"##core"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 358,
"end_token_idx": 362,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sonny_Sharrock",
"tokens": [
"sonny",
"sha",
"##rro",
"##ck"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 363,
"end_token_idx": 367,
"identifier": "/wiki/Peter_Br%C3%B6tzmann",
"tokens": [
"peter",
"bro",
"##tz",
"##mann"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 368,
"end_token_idx": 371,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bill_Laswell",
"tokens": [
"bill",
"las",
"##well"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 373,
"end_token_idx": 376,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ronald_Shannon_Jackson",
"tokens": [
"ronald",
"shannon",
"jackson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Last_Exit_(free_jazz_band)",
"tokens": [
"last",
"exit"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hardcore_punk",
"tokens": [
"hardcore",
"punk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 415,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/M-Base",
"tokens": [
"m",
"-",
"base"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 439,
"end_token_idx": 441,
"identifier": "/wiki/Steve_Coleman",
"tokens": [
"steve",
"coleman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 442,
"end_token_idx": 445,
"identifier": "/wiki/Greg_Osby",
"tokens": [
"greg",
"os",
"##by"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 447,
"end_token_idx": 449,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gary_Thomas_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"gary",
"thomas"
]
}
] | [
101,
12770,
1999,
2826,
1007,
2001,
2241,
2006,
5099,
6154,
10299,
1998,
17437,
2007,
3135,
3733,
9587,
10506,
1012,
4482,
1005,
4654,
1011,
2316,
8585,
12810,
2666,
13849,
2036,
9063,
5099,
1011,
6154,
8092,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
4134,
1010,
8287,
1996,
2201,
4487,
2015,
2003,
4830,
6943,
1999,
2807,
1012,
1996,
3054,
1011,
26817,
2387,
2019,
3445,
3747,
1997,
1054,
1004,
1038,
1010,
5099,
1011,
6154,
1010,
1998,
3769,
2189,
2006,
4166,
1012,
1999,
2325,
1010,
25341,
19756,
2207,
2010,
2353,
2996,
2201,
1010,
2000,
14255,
8737,
1037,
9112,
1012,
1996,
2201,
4600,
2956,
4069,
3824,
4166,
3324,
2107,
2004,
8505,
11266,
1998,
2417,
28344,
4166,
9680,
2007,
1037,
3469,
3579,
2006,
24584,
1998,
2444,
3948,
2075,
2738,
2084,
3432,
16227,
1012,
1999,
2008,
2168,
2095,
1010,
19977,
27829,
21369,
2899,
2207,
2010,
3053,
2093,
1011,
3178,
2146,
2834,
1010,
1996,
8680,
1012,
2049,
5099,
1011,
6154,
4427,
10299,
1998,
1054,
1004,
1038,
5554,
25347,
2015,
2001,
2025,
2069,
10251,
2011,
4401,
2005,
2108,
9525,
1999,
4363,
4166,
7882,
1010,
2021,
2036,
13977,
1037,
2235,
26303,
1999,
4166,
2006,
1996,
4274,
1012,
1996,
23370,
1997,
26582,
2029,
2001,
16483,
2007,
2695,
1011,
7196,
1999,
2414,
1998,
2047,
2259,
2103,
2419,
2000,
1037,
2047,
12284,
1997,
4166,
1012,
1999,
2414,
1010,
1996,
3769,
2177,
2211,
2000,
4666,
2489,
4166,
1998,
12931,
15662,
2046,
2037,
4435,
1997,
7196,
2600,
1012,
1999,
2047,
2259,
1010,
2053,
4400,
2165,
3622,
7780,
2013,
2119,
2489,
4166,
1998,
7196,
1012,
4973,
1997,
2023,
2806,
2421,
14076,
6265,
1005,
1055,
3035,
1997,
25583,
1010,
3897,
1010,
1996,
2147,
1997,
2508,
3382,
1998,
1996,
9530,
25485,
8496,
1006,
2040,
3816,
3969,
2007,
2489,
4166,
1998,
7196,
1007,
1998,
1996,
11549,
23898,
1006,
1996,
2034,
2177,
2000,
2655,
3209,
1000,
7196,
4166,
1000,
1007,
1012,
2198,
1062,
9691,
2165,
3602,
1997,
1996,
7902,
2006,
3177,
1998,
4487,
7092,
6651,
2008,
2001,
3352,
15157,
1999,
7196,
2600,
1010,
1998,
5100,
2023,
2046,
2489,
4166,
2007,
1996,
2713,
1997,
1996,
8645,
5443,
1012,
8645,
2201,
1999,
3069,
1010,
1037,
3074,
1997,
2030,
15361,
2063,
11608,
13281,
2589,
1999,
1996,
3824,
27042,
17345,
2806,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2168,
2095,
1010,
13584,
21146,
18933,
3600,
1010,
2848,
22953,
5753,
5804,
1010,
3021,
5869,
4381,
1010,
1998,
8923,
10881,
4027,
2680,
1996,
2034,
2201,
2104,
1996,
2171,
2197,
6164,
1010,
1037,
6660,
9376,
12586,
1997,
27042,
1998,
2489,
4166,
1012,
2122,
8973,
2024,
1996,
7321,
1997,
4166,
17345,
1010,
1996,
10077,
1997,
2489,
4166,
2007,
13076,
7196,
1012,
1996,
1049,
1011,
2918,
2929,
2318,
1999,
1996,
3865,
1010,
2043,
1037,
6065,
7268,
1997,
2402,
3060,
1011,
2137,
5389,
1999,
2047,
2259,
2029,
2443,
3889,
11608,
1010,
6754,
9808,
3762,
1010,
1998,
5639,
2726,
2764,
1037,
3375,
2021,
24665,
9541,
6455,
2614,
1012,
1999,
1996,
4134,
1010,
2087,
1049,
1011,
2918,
6818,
2357,
2000,
2062,
7511,
2189,
1010,
2021,
11608,
1010,
1996,
2087,
3161,
13180,
1010,
2506,
4975,
2010,
2189,
1999,
10388,
2007,
1996,
1049,
1011,
2918,
4145,
1012,
11608,
1005,
1055,
4378,
10548,
1010,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"but",
"his",
"music",
"and",
"concepts",
"influenced",
"many",
"musicians",
",",
"according",
"to",
"pianist",
"vijay",
"iv",
"##er",
"and",
"critic",
"ben",
"rat",
"##li",
"##ff",
"##f",
"of",
"the",
"new",
"york",
"times",
".",
"m",
"-",
"base",
"changed",
"from",
"a",
"movement",
"of",
"a",
"loose",
"collective",
"of",
"young",
"musicians",
"to",
"a",
"kind",
"of",
"informal",
"coleman",
"\"",
"school",
"\"",
",",
"with",
"a",
"much",
"advanced",
"but",
"already",
"originally",
"implied",
"concept",
".",
"steve",
"coleman",
"'",
"s",
"music",
"and",
"m",
"-",
"base",
"concept",
"gained",
"recognition",
"as",
"\"",
"next",
"logical",
"step",
"\"",
"after",
"charlie",
"parker",
",",
"john",
"colt",
"##rane",
",",
"and",
"or",
"##nett",
"##e",
"coleman",
".",
"since",
"the",
"1990s",
",",
"jazz",
"has",
"been",
"characterized",
"by",
"a",
"plural",
"##ism",
"in",
"which",
"no",
"one",
"style",
"dominates",
",",
"but",
"rather",
"a",
"wide",
"range",
"of",
"styles",
"and",
"genres",
"are",
"popular",
".",
"individual",
"performers",
"often",
"play",
"in",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"styles",
",",
"sometimes",
"in",
"the",
"same",
"performance",
".",
"pianist",
"brad",
"me",
"##hl",
"##da",
"##u",
"and",
"the",
"bad",
"plus",
"have",
"explored",
"contemporary",
"rock",
"music",
"within",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"the",
"traditional",
"jazz",
"acoustic",
"piano",
"trio",
",",
"recording",
"instrumental",
"jazz",
"versions",
"of",
"songs",
"by",
"rock",
"musicians",
".",
"the",
"bad",
"plus",
"have",
"also",
"incorporated",
"elements",
"of",
"free",
"jazz",
"into",
"their",
"music",
".",
"a",
"firm",
"avant",
"-",
"garde",
"or",
"free",
"jazz",
"stance",
"has",
"been",
"maintained",
"by",
"some",
"players",
",",
"such",
"as",
"saxophonist",
"##s",
"greg",
"os",
"##by",
"and",
"charles",
"gay",
"##le",
",",
"while",
"others",
",",
"such",
"as",
"james",
"carter",
",",
"have",
"incorporated",
"free",
"jazz",
"elements",
"into",
"a",
"more",
"traditional",
"framework",
".",
"harry",
"con",
"##nick",
"jr",
".",
"began",
"his",
"career",
"playing",
"stride",
"piano",
"and",
"the",
"dixie",
"##land",
"jazz",
"of",
"his",
"home",
",",
"new",
"orleans",
",",
"beginning",
"with",
"his",
"first",
"recording",
"when",
"he",
"was",
"10",
"years",
"old",
".",
"some",
"of",
"his",
"earliest",
"lessons",
"were",
"at",
"the",
"home",
"of",
"pianist",
"ellis",
"mars",
"##alis",
".",
"con",
"##nick",
"had",
"success",
"on",
"the",
"pop",
"charts",
"after",
"recording",
"the",
"soundtrack",
"to",
"the",
"movie",
"when",
"harry",
"met",
"sally",
",",
"which",
"sold",
"over",
"two",
"million",
"copies",
".",
"crossover",
"success",
"has",
"also",
"been",
"achieved",
"by",
"diana",
"k",
"##ral",
"##l",
",",
"nora",
"##h",
"jones",
",",
"cassandra",
"wilson",
",",
"kurt",
"el",
"##ling",
",",
"and",
"jamie",
"cu",
"##llum",
".",
"additionally",
",",
"the",
"era",
"saw",
"the",
"release",
"of",
"recordings",
"and",
"videos",
"from",
"the",
"previous",
"century",
",",
"such",
"as",
"a",
"just",
"jazz",
"tape",
"broadcast",
"by",
"a",
"band",
"led",
"by",
"gene",
"am",
"##mons",
"and",
"studio",
"archives",
"such",
"as",
"just",
"cool",
"##in",
"'",
"by",
"art",
"blake",
"##y",
"and",
"the",
"jazz",
"messengers",
".",
"an",
"internet",
"-",
"aided",
"trend",
"of",
"2010",
"'",
"s",
"jazz",
"was",
"that",
"of",
"extreme",
"re",
"##har",
"##mon",
"##ization",
",",
"inspired",
"by",
"both",
"vi",
"##rt",
"##uo",
"##sic",
"players",
"known",
"for",
"their",
"speed",
"and",
"rhythm",
"such",
"as",
"art",
"tatum",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"players",
"known",
"for",
"their",
"ambitious",
"vo",
"##icing",
"##s",
"and",
"chords",
"such",
"as",
"bill",
"evans",
".",
"super",
"##group",
"s",
"##nar",
"##ky",
"puppy",
"adopted",
"this",
"trend",
",",
"allowing",
"players",
"like",
"cory",
"henry",
"to",
"shape",
"the",
"grooves",
"and",
"harmonies",
"of",
"modern",
"jazz",
"solo",
"##ing",
".",
"youtube",
"phenomenon",
"jacob",
"collier",
"also",
"gained",
"recognition",
"for",
"his",
"ability",
"to",
"play",
"an",
"incredibly",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"instruments",
"and",
"his",
"ability",
"to",
"use",
"micro",
"##tones"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 68,
"end_token_idx": 71,
"identifier": "/wiki/M-Base",
"tokens": [
"m",
"-",
"base"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 142,
"end_token_idx": 147,
"identifier": "/wiki/Brad_Mehldau",
"tokens": [
"brad",
"me",
"##hl",
"##da",
"##u"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 148,
"end_token_idx": 151,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Bad_Plus",
"tokens": [
"the",
"bad",
"plus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 211,
"end_token_idx": 214,
"identifier": "/wiki/Greg_Osby",
"tokens": [
"greg",
"os",
"##by"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 218,
"identifier": "/wiki/Charles_Gayle",
"tokens": [
"charles",
"gay",
"##le"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 224,
"end_token_idx": 226,
"identifier": "/wiki/James_Carter_(musician)",
"tokens": [
"james",
"carter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 238,
"end_token_idx": 243,
"identifier": "/wiki/Harry_Connick_Jr.",
"tokens": [
"harry",
"con",
"##nick",
"jr",
"."
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 284,
"end_token_idx": 287,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ellis_Marsalis_Jr.",
"tokens": [
"ellis",
"mars",
"##alis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 307,
"identifier": "/wiki/When_Harry_Met_Sally",
"tokens": [
"when",
"harry",
"met",
"sally"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 322,
"end_token_idx": 326,
"identifier": "/wiki/Diana_Krall",
"tokens": [
"diana",
"k",
"##ral",
"##l"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 327,
"end_token_idx": 330,
"identifier": "/wiki/Norah_Jones",
"tokens": [
"nora",
"##h",
"jones"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 331,
"end_token_idx": 333,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cassandra_Wilson",
"tokens": [
"cassandra",
"wilson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 334,
"end_token_idx": 337,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kurt_Elling",
"tokens": [
"kurt",
"el",
"##ling"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 339,
"end_token_idx": 342,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jamie_Cullum",
"tokens": [
"jamie",
"cu",
"##llum"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 371,
"end_token_idx": 374,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gene_Ammons",
"tokens": [
"gene",
"am",
"##mons"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 384,
"end_token_idx": 391,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Jazz_Messengers",
"tokens": [
"art",
"blake",
"##y",
"and",
"the",
"jazz",
"messengers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 406,
"end_token_idx": 410,
"identifier": "/wiki/Reharmonization",
"tokens": [
"re",
"##har",
"##mon",
"##ization"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 427,
"end_token_idx": 429,
"identifier": "/wiki/Art_Tatum",
"tokens": [
"art",
"tatum"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 450,
"end_token_idx": 454,
"identifier": "/wiki/Snarky_Puppy",
"tokens": [
"s",
"##nar",
"##ky",
"puppy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 461,
"end_token_idx": 463,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cory_Henry",
"tokens": [
"cory",
"henry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 475,
"end_token_idx": 476,
"identifier": "/wiki/YouTube",
"tokens": [
"youtube"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 479,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jacob_Collier",
"tokens": [
"jacob",
"collier"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 498,
"end_token_idx": 500,
"identifier": "/wiki/Microtones",
"tokens": [
"micro",
"##tones"
]
}
] | [
101,
2021,
2010,
2189,
1998,
8474,
5105,
2116,
5389,
1010,
2429,
2000,
9066,
17027,
4921,
2121,
1998,
6232,
3841,
9350,
3669,
4246,
2546,
1997,
1996,
2047,
2259,
2335,
1012,
1049,
1011,
2918,
2904,
2013,
1037,
2929,
1997,
1037,
6065,
7268,
1997,
2402,
5389,
2000,
1037,
2785,
1997,
11900,
11608,
1000,
2082,
1000,
1010,
2007,
1037,
2172,
3935,
2021,
2525,
2761,
13339,
4145,
1012,
3889,
11608,
1005,
1055,
2189,
1998,
1049,
1011,
2918,
4145,
4227,
5038,
2004,
1000,
2279,
11177,
3357,
1000,
2044,
4918,
6262,
1010,
2198,
9110,
18053,
1010,
1998,
2030,
15361,
2063,
11608,
1012,
2144,
1996,
4134,
1010,
4166,
2038,
2042,
7356,
2011,
1037,
13994,
2964,
1999,
2029,
2053,
2028,
2806,
29532,
1010,
2021,
2738,
1037,
2898,
2846,
1997,
6782,
1998,
11541,
2024,
2759,
1012,
3265,
9567,
2411,
2377,
1999,
1037,
3528,
1997,
6782,
1010,
2823,
1999,
1996,
2168,
2836,
1012,
9066,
8226,
2033,
7317,
2850,
2226,
1998,
1996,
2919,
4606,
2031,
10641,
3824,
2600,
2189,
2306,
1996,
6123,
1997,
1996,
3151,
4166,
6490,
3682,
7146,
1010,
3405,
6150,
4166,
4617,
1997,
2774,
2011,
2600,
5389,
1012,
1996,
2919,
4606,
2031,
2036,
5100,
3787,
1997,
2489,
4166,
2046,
2037,
2189,
1012,
1037,
3813,
14815,
1011,
14535,
2030,
2489,
4166,
11032,
2038,
2042,
5224,
2011,
2070,
2867,
1010,
2107,
2004,
19977,
2015,
6754,
9808,
3762,
1998,
2798,
5637,
2571,
1010,
2096,
2500,
1010,
2107,
2004,
2508,
5708,
1010,
2031,
5100,
2489,
4166,
3787,
2046,
1037,
2062,
3151,
7705,
1012,
4302,
9530,
13542,
3781,
1012,
2211,
2010,
2476,
2652,
18045,
3682,
1998,
1996,
18910,
3122,
4166,
1997,
2010,
2188,
1010,
2047,
5979,
1010,
2927,
2007,
2010,
2034,
3405,
2043,
2002,
2001,
2184,
2086,
2214,
1012,
2070,
1997,
2010,
5700,
8220,
2020,
2012,
1996,
2188,
1997,
9066,
8547,
7733,
13911,
1012,
9530,
13542,
2018,
3112,
2006,
1996,
3769,
6093,
2044,
3405,
1996,
6050,
2000,
1996,
3185,
2043,
4302,
2777,
8836,
1010,
2029,
2853,
2058,
2048,
2454,
4809,
1012,
16335,
3112,
2038,
2036,
2042,
4719,
2011,
8805,
1047,
7941,
2140,
1010,
12306,
2232,
3557,
1010,
15609,
4267,
1010,
9679,
3449,
2989,
1010,
1998,
6175,
12731,
20845,
1012,
5678,
1010,
1996,
3690,
2387,
1996,
2713,
1997,
5633,
1998,
6876,
2013,
1996,
3025,
2301,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1037,
2074,
4166,
6823,
3743,
2011,
1037,
2316,
2419,
2011,
4962,
2572,
16563,
1998,
2996,
8264,
2107,
2004,
2074,
4658,
2378,
1005,
2011,
2396,
6511,
2100,
1998,
1996,
4166,
28938,
1012,
2019,
4274,
1011,
11553,
9874,
1997,
2230,
1005,
1055,
4166,
2001,
2008,
1997,
6034,
2128,
8167,
8202,
3989,
1010,
4427,
2011,
2119,
6819,
5339,
19098,
19570,
2867,
2124,
2005,
2037,
3177,
1998,
6348,
2107,
2004,
2396,
25913,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
2867,
2124,
2005,
2037,
12479,
29536,
23553,
2015,
1998,
18495,
2107,
2004,
3021,
6473,
1012,
3565,
17058,
1055,
11802,
4801,
17022,
4233,
2023,
9874,
1010,
4352,
2867,
2066,
18342,
2888,
2000,
4338,
1996,
25880,
1998,
28594,
1997,
2715,
4166,
3948,
2075,
1012,
7858,
9575,
6213,
20466,
2036,
4227,
5038,
2005,
2010,
3754,
2000,
2377,
2019,
11757,
2312,
2193,
1997,
5693,
1998,
2010,
3754,
2000,
2224,
12702,
11115,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
",",
"advanced",
"poly",
"##rh",
"##yt",
"##hm",
"##s",
",",
"and",
"blend",
"a",
"spectrum",
"of",
"genres",
"in",
"his",
"largely",
"homemade",
"production",
"process",
".",
"other",
"jazz",
"musicians",
"gained",
"popularity",
"through",
"social",
"media",
"during",
"the",
"2010s",
"and",
"2020",
"##s",
".",
"these",
"included",
"joan",
"cha",
"##mo",
"##rro",
",",
"a",
"bassist",
"and",
"band",
"##leader",
"based",
"in",
"barcelona",
"whose",
"big",
"band",
"and",
"jazz",
"combo",
"videos",
"have",
"received",
"tens",
"of",
"millions",
"of",
"views",
"on",
"youtube",
",",
"and",
"em",
"##met",
"cohen",
",",
"who",
"broadcast",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"performances",
"live",
"from",
"new",
"york",
"starting",
"in",
"march",
"2020",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 38,
"end_token_idx": 42,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joan_Chamorro",
"tokens": [
"joan",
"cha",
"##mo",
"##rro"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 50,
"end_token_idx": 51,
"identifier": "/wiki/Barcelona",
"tokens": [
"barcelona"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 69,
"end_token_idx": 72,
"identifier": "/wiki/Emmet_Cohen",
"tokens": [
"em",
"##met",
"cohen"
]
}
] | [
101,
1010,
3935,
26572,
25032,
22123,
14227,
2015,
1010,
1998,
12586,
1037,
8674,
1997,
11541,
1999,
2010,
4321,
25628,
2537,
2832,
1012,
2060,
4166,
5389,
4227,
6217,
2083,
2591,
2865,
2076,
1996,
26817,
1998,
12609,
2015,
1012,
2122,
2443,
7437,
15775,
5302,
18933,
1010,
1037,
9858,
1998,
2316,
19000,
2241,
1999,
7623,
3005,
2502,
2316,
1998,
4166,
25025,
6876,
2031,
2363,
15295,
1997,
8817,
1997,
5328,
2006,
7858,
1010,
1998,
7861,
11368,
9946,
1010,
2040,
3743,
1037,
2186,
1997,
4616,
2444,
2013,
2047,
2259,
3225,
1999,
2233,
12609,
1012,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"[",
"d",
"]",
"is",
"the",
"gravitational",
"##ly",
"bound",
"system",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"and",
"the",
"objects",
"that",
"orbit",
"it",
".",
"it",
"was",
"formed",
"about",
"4",
".",
"6",
"billion",
"years",
"ago",
"when",
"a",
"dense",
"region",
"of",
"a",
"molecular",
"cloud",
"collapsed",
",",
"forming",
"the",
"sun",
"and",
"a",
"proto",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"disc",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"a",
"typical",
"star",
"that",
"maintains",
"a",
"balanced",
"equilibrium",
"by",
"the",
"fusion",
"of",
"hydrogen",
"into",
"helium",
"at",
"its",
"core",
",",
"releasing",
"this",
"energy",
"from",
"its",
"outer",
"photos",
"##pher",
"##e",
".",
"astronomers",
"classify",
"it",
"as",
"a",
"g",
"-",
"type",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"star",
".",
"the",
"largest",
"objects",
"that",
"orbit",
"the",
"sun",
"are",
"the",
"eight",
"planets",
".",
"in",
"order",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"they",
"are",
"four",
"terrestrial",
"planets",
"(",
"mercury",
",",
"venus",
",",
"earth",
"and",
"mars",
")",
";",
"two",
"gas",
"giants",
"(",
"jupiter",
"and",
"saturn",
")",
";",
"and",
"two",
"ice",
"giants",
"(",
"ur",
"##anus",
"and",
"neptune",
")",
".",
"all",
"terrestrial",
"planets",
"have",
"solid",
"surfaces",
".",
"inverse",
"##ly",
",",
"all",
"giant",
"planets",
"do",
"not",
"have",
"a",
"definite",
"surface",
",",
"as",
"they",
"are",
"mainly",
"composed",
"of",
"gases",
"and",
"liquids",
".",
"over",
"99",
".",
"86",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"'",
"s",
"mass",
"is",
"in",
"the",
"sun",
"and",
"nearly",
"90",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"remaining",
"mass",
"is",
"in",
"jupiter",
"and",
"saturn",
".",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"strong",
"consensus",
"among",
"astronomers",
"[",
"e",
"]",
"that",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"has",
"at",
"least",
"nine",
"dwarf",
"planets",
":",
"ce",
"##res",
",",
"or",
"##cus",
",",
"pluto",
",",
"ha",
"##ume",
"##a",
",",
"qu",
"##ao",
"##ar",
",",
"make",
"##ma",
"##ke",
",",
"gong",
"##gong",
",",
"er",
"##is",
",",
"and",
"se",
"##dna",
".",
"there",
"are",
"a",
"vast",
"number",
"of",
"small",
"solar",
"system",
"bodies",
",",
"such",
"as",
"asteroids",
",",
"comets",
",",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##s",
",",
"meteor",
"##oids",
",",
"and",
"inter",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"dust",
"clouds",
".",
"some",
"of",
"these",
"bodies",
"are",
"in",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
"(",
"between",
"mars",
"'",
"s",
"and",
"jupiter",
"'",
"s",
"orbit",
")",
"and",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"(",
"just",
"outside",
"neptune",
"'",
"s",
"orbit",
")",
".",
"[",
"f",
"]",
"six",
"planets",
",",
"seven",
"dwarf",
"planets",
",",
"and",
"other",
"bodies",
"have",
"orbiting",
"natural",
"satellites",
",",
"which",
"are",
"commonly",
"called",
"'",
"moons",
"'",
".",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"constantly",
"flooded",
"by",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"charged",
"particles",
",",
"the",
"solar",
"wind",
",",
"forming",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere",
".",
"around",
"75",
"–",
"90",
"astronomical",
"units",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"[",
"g",
"]",
"the",
"solar",
"wind",
"is",
"halted",
",",
"resulting",
"in",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##pa",
"##use",
".",
"this",
"is",
"the",
"boundary",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"to",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"space",
".",
"the",
"outer",
"##most",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"the",
"theo",
"##rized",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
",",
"the",
"source",
"for",
"long",
"-",
"period",
"comets",
",",
"extending",
"to",
"a",
"radius",
"of",
"2",
",",
"000",
"–",
"200",
",",
"000",
"au",
".",
"the",
"closest",
"star",
"to",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"pro",
"##xi",
"##ma",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i",
",",
"is",
"4",
".",
"25",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"(",
"269",
",",
"000",
"au",
")",
"away",
".",
"both",
"stars",
"belong",
"to",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
"galaxy",
".",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"formed",
"at",
"least"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 8,
"end_token_idx": 11,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gravitationally_bound",
"tokens": [
"gravitational",
"##ly",
"bound"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 15,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sun",
"tokens": [
"sun"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 19,
"end_token_idx": 20,
"identifier": "/wiki/Orbit",
"tokens": [
"orbit"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 24,
"end_token_idx": 32,
"identifier": "/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System",
"tokens": [
"formed",
"about",
"4",
".",
"6",
"billion",
"years",
"ago"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 38,
"end_token_idx": 40,
"identifier": "/wiki/Molecular_cloud",
"tokens": [
"molecular",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 51,
"identifier": "/wiki/Protoplanetary_disc",
"tokens": [
"proto",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"disc"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 61,
"end_token_idx": 63,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium",
"tokens": [
"balanced",
"equilibrium"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 65,
"end_token_idx": 66,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thermonuclear_fusion",
"tokens": [
"fusion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 72,
"end_token_idx": 73,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stellar_core",
"tokens": [
"core"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 80,
"end_token_idx": 83,
"identifier": "/wiki/Photosphere",
"tokens": [
"photos",
"##pher",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 85,
"end_token_idx": 86,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stellar_classification",
"tokens": [
"classify"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 89,
"end_token_idx": 96,
"identifier": "/wiki/G-type_main-sequence_star",
"tokens": [
"g",
"-",
"type",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"star"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 107,
"end_token_idx": 108,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planet",
"tokens": [
"planets"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 118,
"end_token_idx": 120,
"identifier": "/wiki/Terrestrial_planet",
"tokens": [
"terrestrial",
"planets"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 121,
"end_token_idx": 122,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mercury_(planet)",
"tokens": [
"mercury"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 123,
"end_token_idx": 124,
"identifier": "/wiki/Venus",
"tokens": [
"venus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 125,
"end_token_idx": 126,
"identifier": "/wiki/Earth",
"tokens": [
"earth"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 127,
"end_token_idx": 128,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mars",
"tokens": [
"mars"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 131,
"end_token_idx": 133,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gas_giant",
"tokens": [
"gas",
"giants"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 134,
"end_token_idx": 135,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jupiter",
"tokens": [
"jupiter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 136,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Saturn",
"tokens": [
"saturn"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 141,
"end_token_idx": 143,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ice_giant",
"tokens": [
"ice",
"giants"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 144,
"end_token_idx": 146,
"identifier": "/wiki/Uranus",
"tokens": [
"ur",
"##anus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 147,
"end_token_idx": 148,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neptune",
"tokens": [
"neptune"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 161,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/Giant_planets",
"tokens": [
"giant",
"planets"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 228,
"end_token_idx": 230,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dwarf_planet",
"tokens": [
"dwarf",
"planets"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 231,
"end_token_idx": 233,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)",
"tokens": [
"ce",
"##res"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 234,
"end_token_idx": 236,
"identifier": "/wiki/90482_Orcus",
"tokens": [
"or",
"##cus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 237,
"end_token_idx": 238,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pluto",
"tokens": [
"pluto"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 239,
"end_token_idx": 242,
"identifier": "/wiki/Haumea",
"tokens": [
"ha",
"##ume",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 243,
"end_token_idx": 246,
"identifier": "/wiki/Quaoar",
"tokens": [
"qu",
"##ao",
"##ar"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 247,
"end_token_idx": 250,
"identifier": "/wiki/Makemake",
"tokens": [
"make",
"##ma",
"##ke"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 251,
"end_token_idx": 253,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gonggong_(dwarf_planet)",
"tokens": [
"gong",
"##gong"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 254,
"end_token_idx": 256,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)",
"tokens": [
"er",
"##is"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 258,
"end_token_idx": 260,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sedna_(dwarf_planet)",
"tokens": [
"se",
"##dna"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 267,
"end_token_idx": 271,
"identifier": "/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body",
"tokens": [
"small",
"solar",
"system",
"bodies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 274,
"end_token_idx": 275,
"identifier": "/wiki/Asteroid",
"tokens": [
"asteroids"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 276,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/Comet",
"tokens": [
"comets"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 281,
"identifier": "/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)",
"tokens": [
"cent",
"##aur",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 282,
"end_token_idx": 284,
"identifier": "/wiki/Meteoroid",
"tokens": [
"meteor",
"##oids"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 286,
"end_token_idx": 291,
"identifier": "/wiki/Interplanetary_dust_cloud",
"tokens": [
"inter",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"dust",
"clouds"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 299,
"end_token_idx": 301,
"identifier": "/wiki/Asteroid_belt",
"tokens": [
"asteroid",
"belt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 314,
"end_token_idx": 318,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kuiper_belt",
"tokens": [
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 342,
"end_token_idx": 344,
"identifier": "/wiki/Natural_satellite",
"tokens": [
"natural",
"satellites"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 364,
"end_token_idx": 366,
"identifier": "/wiki/Charged_particle",
"tokens": [
"charged",
"particles"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 368,
"end_token_idx": 370,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_wind",
"tokens": [
"solar",
"wind"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 373,
"end_token_idx": 376,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heliosphere",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 381,
"end_token_idx": 383,
"identifier": "/wiki/Astronomical_unit",
"tokens": [
"astronomical",
"units"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 399,
"end_token_idx": 403,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heliopause_(astronomy)",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##lio",
"##pa",
"##use"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 413,
"end_token_idx": 416,
"identifier": "/wiki/Interstellar_space",
"tokens": [
"inter",
"##stellar",
"space"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 429,
"end_token_idx": 432,
"identifier": "/wiki/Oort_cloud",
"tokens": [
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 436,
"end_token_idx": 440,
"identifier": "/wiki/Long-period_comet",
"tokens": [
"long",
"-",
"period",
"comets"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 463,
"end_token_idx": 469,
"identifier": "/wiki/Proxima_Centauri",
"tokens": [
"pro",
"##xi",
"##ma",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 490,
"end_token_idx": 492,
"identifier": "/wiki/Milky_Way",
"tokens": [
"milky",
"way"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1031,
1040,
1033,
2003,
1996,
19790,
2135,
5391,
2291,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1998,
1996,
5200,
2008,
8753,
2009,
1012,
2009,
2001,
2719,
2055,
1018,
1012,
1020,
4551,
2086,
3283,
2043,
1037,
9742,
2555,
1997,
1037,
8382,
6112,
7798,
1010,
5716,
1996,
3103,
1998,
1037,
15053,
11751,
18219,
5860,
1012,
1996,
3103,
2003,
1037,
5171,
2732,
2008,
9319,
1037,
12042,
14442,
2011,
1996,
10077,
1997,
9732,
2046,
22764,
2012,
2049,
4563,
1010,
8287,
2023,
2943,
2013,
2049,
6058,
7760,
27921,
2063,
1012,
26357,
26268,
2009,
2004,
1037,
1043,
1011,
2828,
2364,
1011,
5537,
2732,
1012,
1996,
2922,
5200,
2008,
8753,
1996,
3103,
2024,
1996,
2809,
11358,
1012,
1999,
2344,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2027,
2024,
2176,
12350,
11358,
1006,
8714,
1010,
11691,
1010,
3011,
1998,
7733,
1007,
1025,
2048,
3806,
7230,
1006,
13035,
1998,
14784,
1007,
1025,
1998,
2048,
3256,
7230,
1006,
24471,
20849,
1998,
21167,
1007,
1012,
2035,
12350,
11358,
2031,
5024,
9972,
1012,
19262,
2135,
1010,
2035,
5016,
11358,
2079,
2025,
2031,
1037,
15298,
3302,
1010,
2004,
2027,
2024,
3701,
3605,
1997,
15865,
1998,
26820,
1012,
2058,
5585,
1012,
6564,
1003,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1005,
1055,
3742,
2003,
1999,
1996,
3103,
1998,
3053,
3938,
1003,
1997,
1996,
3588,
3742,
2003,
1999,
13035,
1998,
14784,
1012,
2045,
2003,
1037,
2844,
10465,
2426,
26357,
1031,
1041,
1033,
2008,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2038,
2012,
2560,
3157,
11229,
11358,
1024,
8292,
6072,
1010,
2030,
7874,
1010,
26930,
1010,
5292,
17897,
2050,
1010,
24209,
7113,
2906,
1010,
2191,
2863,
3489,
1010,
17242,
17036,
1010,
9413,
2483,
1010,
1998,
7367,
28911,
1012,
2045,
2024,
1037,
6565,
2193,
1997,
2235,
5943,
2291,
4230,
1010,
2107,
2004,
26732,
1010,
27138,
1010,
9358,
21159,
2015,
1010,
23879,
17086,
1010,
1998,
6970,
11751,
18219,
6497,
8044,
1012,
2070,
1997,
2122,
4230,
2024,
1999,
1996,
12175,
5583,
1006,
2090,
7733,
1005,
1055,
1998,
13035,
1005,
1055,
8753,
1007,
1998,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1006,
2074,
2648,
21167,
1005,
1055,
8753,
1007,
1012,
1031,
1042,
1033,
2416,
11358,
1010,
2698,
11229,
11358,
1010,
1998,
2060,
4230,
2031,
26472,
3019,
14549,
1010,
2029,
2024,
4141,
2170,
1005,
23377,
1005,
1012,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
7887,
10361,
2011,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
5338,
9309,
1010,
1996,
5943,
3612,
1010,
5716,
1996,
2002,
12798,
23874,
1012,
2105,
4293,
1516,
3938,
13674,
3197,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1010,
1031,
1043,
1033,
1996,
5943,
3612,
2003,
12705,
1010,
4525,
1999,
1996,
2002,
12798,
4502,
8557,
1012,
2023,
2003,
1996,
6192,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2000,
6970,
29028,
2686,
1012,
1996,
6058,
11800,
2555,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
1996,
14833,
18425,
1051,
11589,
6112,
1010,
1996,
3120,
2005,
2146,
1011,
2558,
27138,
1010,
8402,
2000,
1037,
12177,
1997,
1016,
1010,
2199,
1516,
3263,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1012,
1996,
7541,
2732,
2000,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1010,
4013,
9048,
2863,
9358,
21159,
2072,
1010,
2003,
1018,
1012,
2423,
2422,
1011,
2086,
1006,
25717,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1007,
2185,
1012,
2119,
3340,
7141,
2000,
1996,
21582,
2126,
9088,
1012,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2719,
2012,
2560,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"4",
".",
"56",
"##8",
"billion",
"years",
"ago",
"from",
"the",
"gravitational",
"collapse",
"of",
"a",
"region",
"within",
"a",
"large",
"molecular",
"cloud",
".",
"[",
"b",
"]",
"this",
"initial",
"cloud",
"was",
"likely",
"several",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"across",
"and",
"probably",
"birth",
"##ed",
"several",
"stars",
".",
"as",
"is",
"typical",
"of",
"molecular",
"clouds",
",",
"this",
"one",
"consisted",
"mostly",
"of",
"hydrogen",
",",
"with",
"some",
"helium",
",",
"and",
"small",
"amounts",
"of",
"heavier",
"elements",
"fused",
"by",
"previous",
"generations",
"of",
"stars",
".",
"as",
"the",
"pre",
"-",
"solar",
"nebula",
"collapsed",
",",
"conservation",
"of",
"angular",
"momentum",
"caused",
"it",
"to",
"rotate",
"faster",
".",
"the",
"center",
",",
"where",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"mass",
"collected",
",",
"became",
"increasingly",
"hotter",
"than",
"the",
"surroundings",
".",
"as",
"the",
"contracting",
"nebula",
"spun",
"faster",
",",
"it",
"began",
"to",
"flat",
"##ten",
"into",
"a",
"proto",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"disc",
"with",
"a",
"diameter",
"of",
"roughly",
"200",
"au",
"and",
"a",
"hot",
",",
"dense",
"proto",
"##star",
"at",
"the",
"center",
".",
"the",
"planets",
"formed",
"by",
"acc",
"##ret",
"##ion",
"from",
"this",
"disc",
",",
"in",
"which",
"dust",
"and",
"gas",
"gravitational",
"##ly",
"attracted",
"each",
"other",
",",
"coal",
"##es",
"##cing",
"to",
"form",
"ever",
"larger",
"bodies",
".",
"hundreds",
"of",
"proto",
"##plane",
"##ts",
"may",
"have",
"existed",
"in",
"the",
"early",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"but",
"they",
"either",
"merged",
"or",
"were",
"destroyed",
"or",
"ejected",
",",
"leaving",
"the",
"planets",
",",
"dwarf",
"planets",
",",
"and",
"left",
"##over",
"minor",
"bodies",
".",
"due",
"to",
"their",
"higher",
"boiling",
"points",
",",
"only",
"metals",
"and",
"si",
"##lica",
"##tes",
"could",
"exist",
"in",
"solid",
"form",
"in",
"the",
"warm",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
"close",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
"(",
"within",
"the",
"frost",
"line",
")",
".",
"they",
"would",
"eventually",
"form",
"the",
"rocky",
"planets",
"of",
"mercury",
",",
"venus",
",",
"earth",
",",
"and",
"mars",
".",
"because",
"these",
"ref",
"##rac",
"##tory",
"materials",
"only",
"comprised",
"a",
"small",
"fraction",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"nebula",
",",
"the",
"terrestrial",
"planets",
"could",
"not",
"grow",
"very",
"large",
".",
"the",
"giant",
"planets",
"(",
"jupiter",
",",
"saturn",
",",
"ur",
"##anus",
",",
"and",
"neptune",
")",
"formed",
"further",
"out",
",",
"beyond",
"the",
"frost",
"line",
",",
"the",
"point",
"between",
"the",
"orbits",
"of",
"mars",
"and",
"jupiter",
"where",
"material",
"is",
"cool",
"enough",
"for",
"volatile",
"icy",
"compounds",
"to",
"remain",
"solid",
".",
"the",
"ice",
"##s",
"that",
"formed",
"these",
"planets",
"were",
"more",
"pl",
"##ent",
"##iful",
"than",
"the",
"metals",
"and",
"si",
"##lica",
"##tes",
"that",
"formed",
"the",
"terrestrial",
"inner",
"planets",
",",
"allowing",
"them",
"to",
"grow",
"massive",
"enough",
"to",
"capture",
"large",
"atmosphere",
"##s",
"of",
"hydrogen",
"and",
"helium",
",",
"the",
"light",
"##est",
"and",
"most",
"abundant",
"elements",
".",
"left",
"##over",
"debris",
"that",
"never",
"became",
"planets",
"cong",
"##re",
"##gated",
"in",
"regions",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
",",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
",",
"and",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
".",
"within",
"50",
"million",
"years",
",",
"the",
"pressure",
"and",
"density",
"of",
"hydrogen",
"in",
"the",
"center",
"of",
"the",
"proto",
"##star",
"became",
"great",
"enough",
"for",
"it",
"to",
"begin",
"the",
"##rm",
"##on",
"##uc",
"##lea",
"##r",
"fusion",
".",
"as",
"helium",
"accumulate",
"##s",
"at",
"its",
"core",
",",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"growing",
"brighter",
";",
"early",
"in",
"its",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"life",
"its",
"brightness",
"was",
"70",
"%",
"that",
"of",
"what",
"it",
"is",
"today",
".",
"the",
"temperature",
",",
"reaction",
"rate",
",",
"pressure",
",",
"and",
"density",
"increased",
"until",
"hydro",
"##static",
"equilibrium",
"was",
"achieved",
":",
"the",
"thermal",
"pressure",
"counter",
"##bala",
"##nc"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 17,
"end_token_idx": 19,
"identifier": "/wiki/Molecular_cloud",
"tokens": [
"molecular",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 64,
"end_token_idx": 65,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nuclear_fusion",
"tokens": [
"fused"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 73,
"end_token_idx": 77,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_nebula",
"tokens": [
"pre",
"-",
"solar",
"nebula"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 79,
"end_token_idx": 83,
"identifier": "/wiki/Conservation_of_angular_momentum",
"tokens": [
"conservation",
"of",
"angular",
"momentum"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 120,
"end_token_idx": 124,
"identifier": "/wiki/Protoplanetary_disc",
"tokens": [
"proto",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"disc"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 136,
"end_token_idx": 138,
"identifier": "/wiki/Protostar",
"tokens": [
"proto",
"##star"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 146,
"end_token_idx": 149,
"identifier": "/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)",
"tokens": [
"acc",
"##ret",
"##ion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 207,
"end_token_idx": 209,
"identifier": "/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body",
"tokens": [
"minor",
"bodies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 243,
"identifier": "/wiki/Frost_line_(astrophysics)",
"tokens": [
"frost",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 264,
"end_token_idx": 267,
"identifier": "/wiki/Refractory_(planetary_science)",
"tokens": [
"ref",
"##rac",
"##tory"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 325,
"end_token_idx": 326,
"identifier": "/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)",
"tokens": [
"volatile"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 435,
"end_token_idx": 442,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nuclear_fusion",
"tokens": [
"the",
"##rm",
"##on",
"##uc",
"##lea",
"##r",
"fusion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 479,
"end_token_idx": 481,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nuclear_reaction_rate",
"tokens": [
"reaction",
"rate"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 488,
"end_token_idx": 491,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium",
"tokens": [
"hydro",
"##static",
"equilibrium"
]
}
] | [
101,
1018,
1012,
5179,
2620,
4551,
2086,
3283,
2013,
1996,
19790,
7859,
1997,
1037,
2555,
2306,
1037,
2312,
8382,
6112,
1012,
1031,
1038,
1033,
2023,
3988,
6112,
2001,
3497,
2195,
2422,
1011,
2086,
2408,
1998,
2763,
4182,
2098,
2195,
3340,
1012,
2004,
2003,
5171,
1997,
8382,
8044,
1010,
2023,
2028,
5031,
3262,
1997,
9732,
1010,
2007,
2070,
22764,
1010,
1998,
2235,
8310,
1997,
11907,
3787,
19660,
2011,
3025,
8213,
1997,
3340,
1012,
2004,
1996,
3653,
1011,
5943,
25677,
7798,
1010,
5680,
1997,
16108,
11071,
3303,
2009,
2000,
24357,
5514,
1012,
1996,
2415,
1010,
2073,
2087,
1997,
1996,
3742,
5067,
1010,
2150,
6233,
22302,
2084,
1996,
11301,
1012,
2004,
1996,
21012,
25677,
7455,
5514,
1010,
2009,
2211,
2000,
4257,
6528,
2046,
1037,
15053,
11751,
18219,
5860,
2007,
1037,
6705,
1997,
5560,
3263,
8740,
1998,
1037,
2980,
1010,
9742,
15053,
14117,
2012,
1996,
2415,
1012,
1996,
11358,
2719,
2011,
16222,
13465,
3258,
2013,
2023,
5860,
1010,
1999,
2029,
6497,
1998,
3806,
19790,
2135,
6296,
2169,
2060,
1010,
5317,
2229,
6129,
2000,
2433,
2412,
3469,
4230,
1012,
5606,
1997,
15053,
11751,
3215,
2089,
2031,
5839,
1999,
1996,
2220,
5943,
2291,
1010,
2021,
2027,
2593,
5314,
2030,
2020,
3908,
2030,
22607,
1010,
2975,
1996,
11358,
1010,
11229,
11358,
1010,
1998,
2187,
7840,
3576,
4230,
1012,
2349,
2000,
2037,
3020,
16018,
2685,
1010,
2069,
11970,
1998,
9033,
19341,
4570,
2071,
4839,
1999,
5024,
2433,
1999,
1996,
4010,
5110,
5943,
2291,
2485,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1006,
2306,
1996,
10097,
2240,
1007,
1012,
2027,
2052,
2776,
2433,
1996,
6857,
11358,
1997,
8714,
1010,
11691,
1010,
3011,
1010,
1998,
7733,
1012,
2138,
2122,
25416,
22648,
7062,
4475,
2069,
11539,
1037,
2235,
12884,
1997,
1996,
5943,
25677,
1010,
1996,
12350,
11358,
2071,
2025,
4982,
2200,
2312,
1012,
1996,
5016,
11358,
1006,
13035,
1010,
14784,
1010,
24471,
20849,
1010,
1998,
21167,
1007,
2719,
2582,
2041,
1010,
3458,
1996,
10097,
2240,
1010,
1996,
2391,
2090,
1996,
20347,
1997,
7733,
1998,
13035,
2073,
3430,
2003,
4658,
2438,
2005,
20606,
13580,
10099,
2000,
3961,
5024,
1012,
1996,
3256,
2015,
2008,
2719,
2122,
11358,
2020,
2062,
20228,
4765,
18424,
2084,
1996,
11970,
1998,
9033,
19341,
4570,
2008,
2719,
1996,
12350,
5110,
11358,
1010,
4352,
2068,
2000,
4982,
5294,
2438,
2000,
5425,
2312,
7224,
2015,
1997,
9732,
1998,
22764,
1010,
1996,
2422,
4355,
1998,
2087,
12990,
3787,
1012,
2187,
7840,
11385,
2008,
2196,
2150,
11358,
26478,
2890,
11644,
1999,
4655,
2107,
2004,
1996,
12175,
5583,
1010,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1010,
1998,
1051,
11589,
6112,
1012,
2306,
2753,
2454,
2086,
1010,
1996,
3778,
1998,
4304,
1997,
9732,
1999,
1996,
2415,
1997,
1996,
15053,
14117,
2150,
2307,
2438,
2005,
2009,
2000,
4088,
1996,
10867,
2239,
14194,
19738,
2099,
10077,
1012,
2004,
22764,
27598,
2015,
2012,
2049,
4563,
1010,
1996,
3103,
2003,
3652,
16176,
1025,
2220,
1999,
2049,
2364,
1011,
5537,
2166,
2049,
18295,
2001,
3963,
1003,
2008,
1997,
2054,
2009,
2003,
2651,
1012,
1996,
4860,
1010,
4668,
3446,
1010,
3778,
1010,
1998,
4304,
3445,
2127,
18479,
16677,
14442,
2001,
4719,
1024,
1996,
9829,
3778,
4675,
25060,
12273,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"##ing",
"the",
"force",
"of",
"gravity",
".",
"at",
"this",
"point",
",",
"the",
"sun",
"became",
"a",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"star",
".",
"solar",
"wind",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"created",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere",
"and",
"swept",
"away",
"the",
"remaining",
"gas",
"and",
"dust",
"from",
"the",
"proto",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"disc",
"into",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"space",
".",
"following",
"the",
"di",
"##ssi",
"##pati",
"##on",
"of",
"the",
"proto",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"disk",
",",
"the",
"nice",
"model",
"proposes",
"that",
"gravitational",
"encounters",
"between",
"planet",
"##isi",
"##mal",
"##s",
"and",
"the",
"gas",
"giants",
"caused",
"each",
"to",
"migrate",
"into",
"different",
"orbits",
".",
"this",
"led",
"to",
"dynamic",
"##al",
"instability",
"of",
"the",
"entire",
"system",
",",
"which",
"scattered",
"the",
"planet",
"##isi",
"##mal",
"##s",
"and",
"ultimately",
"placed",
"the",
"gas",
"giants",
"in",
"their",
"current",
"positions",
".",
"during",
"this",
"period",
",",
"the",
"grand",
"tack",
"hypothesis",
"suggests",
"that",
"a",
"final",
"inward",
"migration",
"of",
"jupiter",
"dispersed",
"much",
"of",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"the",
"late",
"heavy",
"bombardment",
"of",
"the",
"inner",
"planets",
".",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"remains",
"in",
"a",
"relatively",
"stable",
",",
"slowly",
"evolving",
"state",
"by",
"following",
"isolated",
",",
"gravitational",
"##ly",
"bound",
"orbits",
"around",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"although",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"has",
"been",
"fairly",
"stable",
"for",
"billions",
"of",
"years",
",",
"it",
"is",
"technically",
"chaotic",
",",
"and",
"may",
"eventually",
"be",
"disrupted",
".",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"small",
"chance",
"that",
"another",
"star",
"will",
"pass",
"through",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"in",
"the",
"next",
"few",
"billion",
"years",
".",
"although",
"this",
"could",
"des",
"##ta",
"##bil",
"##ize",
"the",
"system",
"and",
"eventually",
"lead",
"millions",
"of",
"years",
"later",
"to",
"expulsion",
"of",
"planets",
",",
"collisions",
"of",
"planets",
",",
"or",
"planets",
"hitting",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"it",
"would",
"most",
"likely",
"leave",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"much",
"as",
"it",
"is",
"today",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"phase",
",",
"from",
"beginning",
"to",
"end",
",",
"will",
"last",
"about",
"10",
"billion",
"years",
"for",
"the",
"sun",
"compared",
"to",
"around",
"two",
"billion",
"years",
"for",
"all",
"other",
"subsequent",
"phases",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"pre",
"-",
"remnant",
"life",
"combined",
".",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"will",
"remain",
"roughly",
"as",
"it",
"is",
"known",
"today",
"until",
"the",
"hydrogen",
"in",
"the",
"core",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"has",
"been",
"entirely",
"converted",
"to",
"helium",
",",
"which",
"will",
"occur",
"roughly",
"5",
"billion",
"years",
"from",
"now",
".",
"this",
"will",
"mark",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"life",
".",
"at",
"that",
"time",
",",
"the",
"core",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"will",
"contract",
"with",
"hydrogen",
"fusion",
"occurring",
"along",
"a",
"shell",
"surrounding",
"the",
"in",
"##ert",
"helium",
",",
"and",
"the",
"energy",
"output",
"will",
"be",
"greater",
"than",
"at",
"present",
".",
"the",
"outer",
"layers",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"will",
"expand",
"to",
"roughly",
"260",
"times",
"its",
"current",
"diameter",
",",
"and",
"the",
"sun",
"will",
"become",
"a",
"red",
"giant",
".",
"because",
"of",
"its",
"increased",
"surface",
"area",
",",
"the",
"surface",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"will",
"be",
"cooler",
"(",
"2",
",",
"600",
"k",
"(",
"4",
",",
"220",
"°f",
")",
"at",
"its",
"cool",
"##est",
")",
"than",
"it",
"is",
"on",
"the",
"main",
"sequence",
".",
"the",
"expanding",
"sun",
"is",
"expected",
"to",
"vapor",
"##ize",
"mercury",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"venus",
",",
"and",
"render",
"earth",
"un",
"##in",
"##hab",
"##ita",
"##ble",
"(",
"possibly",
"destroying",
"it",
"as",
"well",
")",
".",
"eventually",
",",
"the",
"core",
"will",
"be",
"hot",
"enough",
"for",
"helium",
"fusion",
";"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 17,
"identifier": "/wiki/Main_sequence",
"tokens": [
"main",
"-",
"sequence"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 26,
"end_token_idx": 29,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heliosphere",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 60,
"identifier": "/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk",
"tokens": [
"proto",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"disk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 62,
"end_token_idx": 64,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nice_model",
"tokens": [
"nice",
"model"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 66,
"end_token_idx": 68,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gravity_assist",
"tokens": [
"gravitational",
"encounters"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 80,
"end_token_idx": 81,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planetary_migration",
"tokens": [
"migrate"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 119,
"end_token_idx": 122,
"identifier": "/wiki/Grand_tack_hypothesis",
"tokens": [
"grand",
"tack",
"hypothesis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 140,
"end_token_idx": 143,
"identifier": "/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment",
"tokens": [
"late",
"heavy",
"bombardment"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 164,
"end_token_idx": 167,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gravitationally_bound",
"tokens": [
"gravitational",
"##ly",
"bound"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 188,
"end_token_idx": 189,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chaotic_system",
"tokens": [
"chaotic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 192,
"end_token_idx": 195,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stability_of_the_Solar_System",
"tokens": [
"eventually",
"be",
"disrupted"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 304,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stellar_remnant",
"tokens": [
"remnant"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 416,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/Red_giant",
"tokens": [
"red",
"giant"
]
}
] | [
101,
2075,
1996,
2486,
1997,
8992,
1012,
2012,
2023,
2391,
1010,
1996,
3103,
2150,
1037,
2364,
1011,
5537,
2732,
1012,
5943,
3612,
2013,
1996,
3103,
2580,
1996,
2002,
12798,
23874,
1998,
7260,
2185,
1996,
3588,
3806,
1998,
6497,
2013,
1996,
15053,
11751,
18219,
5860,
2046,
6970,
29028,
2686,
1012,
2206,
1996,
4487,
18719,
24952,
2239,
1997,
1996,
15053,
11751,
18219,
9785,
1010,
1996,
3835,
2944,
17146,
2008,
19790,
11340,
2090,
4774,
17417,
9067,
2015,
1998,
1996,
3806,
7230,
3303,
2169,
2000,
22806,
2046,
2367,
20347,
1012,
2023,
2419,
2000,
8790,
2389,
18549,
1997,
1996,
2972,
2291,
1010,
2029,
7932,
1996,
4774,
17417,
9067,
2015,
1998,
4821,
2872,
1996,
3806,
7230,
1999,
2037,
2783,
4460,
1012,
2076,
2023,
2558,
1010,
1996,
2882,
26997,
10744,
6083,
2008,
1037,
2345,
20546,
9230,
1997,
13035,
15484,
2172,
1997,
1996,
12175,
5583,
1010,
2877,
2000,
1996,
2397,
3082,
10400,
1997,
1996,
5110,
11358,
1012,
1996,
5943,
2291,
3464,
1999,
1037,
4659,
6540,
1010,
3254,
20607,
2110,
2011,
2206,
7275,
1010,
19790,
2135,
5391,
20347,
2105,
1996,
3103,
1012,
2348,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2038,
2042,
7199,
6540,
2005,
25501,
1997,
2086,
1010,
2009,
2003,
10892,
19633,
1010,
1998,
2089,
2776,
2022,
20275,
1012,
2045,
2003,
1037,
2235,
3382,
2008,
2178,
2732,
2097,
3413,
2083,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1999,
1996,
2279,
2261,
4551,
2086,
1012,
2348,
2023,
2071,
4078,
2696,
14454,
4697,
1996,
2291,
1998,
2776,
2599,
8817,
1997,
2086,
2101,
2000,
18272,
1997,
11358,
1010,
28820,
1997,
11358,
1010,
2030,
11358,
7294,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2009,
2052,
2087,
3497,
2681,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2172,
2004,
2009,
2003,
2651,
1012,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
2364,
1011,
5537,
4403,
1010,
2013,
2927,
2000,
2203,
1010,
2097,
2197,
2055,
2184,
4551,
2086,
2005,
1996,
3103,
4102,
2000,
2105,
2048,
4551,
2086,
2005,
2035,
2060,
4745,
12335,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
3653,
1011,
19614,
2166,
4117,
1012,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2097,
3961,
5560,
2004,
2009,
2003,
2124,
2651,
2127,
1996,
9732,
1999,
1996,
4563,
1997,
1996,
3103,
2038,
2042,
4498,
4991,
2000,
22764,
1010,
2029,
2097,
5258,
5560,
1019,
4551,
2086,
2013,
2085,
1012,
2023,
2097,
2928,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
2364,
1011,
5537,
2166,
1012,
2012,
2008,
2051,
1010,
1996,
4563,
1997,
1996,
3103,
2097,
3206,
2007,
9732,
10077,
10066,
2247,
1037,
5806,
4193,
1996,
1999,
8743,
22764,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2943,
6434,
2097,
2022,
3618,
2084,
2012,
2556,
1012,
1996,
6058,
9014,
1997,
1996,
3103,
2097,
7818,
2000,
5560,
13539,
2335,
2049,
2783,
6705,
1010,
1998,
1996,
3103,
2097,
2468,
1037,
2417,
5016,
1012,
2138,
1997,
2049,
3445,
3302,
2181,
1010,
1996,
3302,
1997,
1996,
3103,
2097,
2022,
14976,
1006,
1016,
1010,
5174,
1047,
1006,
1018,
1010,
10545,
8157,
1007,
2012,
2049,
4658,
4355,
1007,
2084,
2009,
2003,
2006,
1996,
2364,
5537,
1012,
1996,
9186,
3103,
2003,
3517,
2000,
20064,
4697,
8714,
2004,
2092,
2004,
11691,
1010,
1998,
17552,
3011,
4895,
2378,
25459,
6590,
3468,
1006,
4298,
9846,
2009,
2004,
2092,
1007,
1012,
2776,
1010,
1996,
4563,
2097,
2022,
2980,
2438,
2005,
22764,
10077,
1025,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"sun",
"will",
"burn",
"helium",
"for",
"a",
"fraction",
"of",
"the",
"time",
"it",
"burned",
"hydrogen",
"in",
"the",
"core",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"not",
"massive",
"enough",
"to",
"commence",
"the",
"fusion",
"of",
"heavier",
"elements",
",",
"and",
"nuclear",
"reactions",
"in",
"the",
"core",
"will",
"d",
"##wind",
"##le",
".",
"its",
"outer",
"layers",
"will",
"be",
"ejected",
"into",
"space",
",",
"leaving",
"behind",
"a",
"dense",
"white",
"dwarf",
",",
"half",
"the",
"original",
"mass",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"but",
"only",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"earth",
".",
"the",
"ejected",
"outer",
"layers",
"may",
"form",
"a",
"planetary",
"nebula",
",",
"returning",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"material",
"that",
"formed",
"the",
"sun",
"—",
"but",
"now",
"enriched",
"with",
"heavier",
"elements",
"like",
"carbon",
"—",
"to",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium",
".",
"astronomers",
"sometimes",
"divide",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"structure",
"into",
"separate",
"regions",
".",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
"includes",
"mercury",
",",
"venus",
",",
"earth",
",",
"mars",
",",
"and",
"the",
"bodies",
"in",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
".",
"the",
"outer",
"solar",
"system",
"includes",
"jupiter",
",",
"saturn",
",",
"ur",
"##anus",
",",
"neptune",
",",
"and",
"the",
"bodies",
"in",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
".",
"since",
"the",
"discovery",
"of",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
",",
"the",
"outer",
"##most",
"parts",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"are",
"considered",
"a",
"distinct",
"region",
"consisting",
"of",
"the",
"objects",
"beyond",
"neptune",
".",
"the",
"principal",
"component",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"a",
"g",
"-",
"type",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"star",
"star",
"that",
"contains",
"99",
".",
"86",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"system",
"'",
"s",
"known",
"mass",
"and",
"dominates",
"it",
"gravitational",
"##ly",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"four",
"largest",
"orbiting",
"bodies",
",",
"the",
"giant",
"planets",
",",
"account",
"for",
"99",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"remaining",
"mass",
",",
"with",
"jupiter",
"and",
"saturn",
"together",
"comprising",
"more",
"than",
"90",
"%",
".",
"the",
"remaining",
"objects",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"(",
"including",
"the",
"four",
"terrestrial",
"planets",
",",
"the",
"dwarf",
"planets",
",",
"moons",
",",
"asteroids",
",",
"and",
"comets",
")",
"together",
"comprise",
"less",
"than",
"0",
".",
"00",
"##2",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"'",
"s",
"total",
"mass",
".",
"[",
"h",
"]",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"composed",
"of",
"roughly",
"98",
"%",
"hydrogen",
"and",
"helium",
",",
"as",
"are",
"jupiter",
"and",
"saturn",
".",
"a",
"composition",
"gradient",
"exists",
"in",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"created",
"by",
"heat",
"and",
"light",
"pressure",
"from",
"the",
"early",
"sun",
";",
"those",
"objects",
"closer",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"which",
"are",
"more",
"affected",
"by",
"heat",
"and",
"light",
"pressure",
",",
"are",
"composed",
"of",
"elements",
"with",
"high",
"melting",
"points",
".",
"objects",
"farther",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"are",
"composed",
"largely",
"of",
"materials",
"with",
"lower",
"melting",
"points",
".",
"the",
"boundary",
"in",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"beyond",
"which",
"those",
"volatile",
"substances",
"could",
"coal",
"##es",
"##ce",
"is",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"frost",
"line",
",",
"and",
"it",
"lies",
"at",
"roughly",
"five",
"times",
"the",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"distance",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"the",
"planets",
"and",
"other",
"large",
"objects",
"in",
"orbit",
"around",
"the",
"sun",
"lie",
"near",
"the",
"plane",
"of",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"orbit",
",",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"ec",
"##lip",
"##tic",
".",
"smaller",
"icy",
"objects",
"such",
"as",
"comets",
"frequently",
"orbit",
"at",
"significantly",
"greater",
"angles",
"to",
"this",
"plane",
".",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"planets",
"in",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"have",
"secondary",
"systems",
"of",
"their",
"own",
",",
"being",
"orbit",
"##ed",
"by",
"natural",
"satellites",
"called",
"moons",
".",
"all",
"of",
"the"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 58,
"identifier": "/wiki/White_dwarf",
"tokens": [
"white",
"dwarf"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 80,
"end_token_idx": 82,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planetary_nebula",
"tokens": [
"planetary",
"nebula"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 97,
"end_token_idx": 99,
"identifier": "/wiki/Metallicity",
"tokens": [
"heavier",
"elements"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 104,
"end_token_idx": 107,
"identifier": "/wiki/Interstellar_medium",
"tokens": [
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 120,
"end_token_idx": 123,
"identifier": "/wiki/Inner_Solar_System",
"tokens": [
"inner",
"solar",
"system"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 137,
"end_token_idx": 139,
"identifier": "/wiki/Asteroid_belt",
"tokens": [
"asteroid",
"belt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 141,
"end_token_idx": 144,
"identifier": "/wiki/Outer_Solar_System",
"tokens": [
"outer",
"solar",
"system"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 159,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kuiper_belt",
"tokens": [
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 189,
"end_token_idx": 193,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object",
"tokens": [
"the",
"objects",
"beyond",
"neptune"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 206,
"end_token_idx": 213,
"identifier": "/wiki/G-type_main-sequence_star",
"tokens": [
"g",
"-",
"type",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"star"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 286,
"end_token_idx": 287,
"identifier": "/wiki/Asteroid",
"tokens": [
"asteroids"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 343,
"end_token_idx": 345,
"identifier": "/wiki/Light_pressure",
"tokens": [
"light",
"pressure"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 410,
"end_token_idx": 412,
"identifier": "/wiki/Frost_line_(astrophysics)",
"tokens": [
"frost",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 453,
"end_token_idx": 456,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ecliptic",
"tokens": [
"ec",
"##lip",
"##tic"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
3103,
2097,
6402,
22764,
2005,
1037,
12884,
1997,
1996,
2051,
2009,
5296,
9732,
1999,
1996,
4563,
1012,
1996,
3103,
2003,
2025,
5294,
2438,
2000,
22825,
1996,
10077,
1997,
11907,
3787,
1010,
1998,
4517,
9597,
1999,
1996,
4563,
2097,
1040,
11101,
2571,
1012,
2049,
6058,
9014,
2097,
2022,
22607,
2046,
2686,
1010,
2975,
2369,
1037,
9742,
2317,
11229,
1010,
2431,
1996,
2434,
3742,
1997,
1996,
3103,
2021,
2069,
1996,
2946,
1997,
3011,
1012,
1996,
22607,
6058,
9014,
2089,
2433,
1037,
17700,
25677,
1010,
4192,
2070,
1997,
1996,
3430,
2008,
2719,
1996,
3103,
1517,
2021,
2085,
25202,
2007,
11907,
3787,
2066,
6351,
1517,
2000,
1996,
6970,
29028,
5396,
1012,
26357,
2823,
11443,
1996,
5943,
2291,
3252,
2046,
3584,
4655,
1012,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
2950,
8714,
1010,
11691,
1010,
3011,
1010,
7733,
1010,
1998,
1996,
4230,
1999,
1996,
12175,
5583,
1012,
1996,
6058,
5943,
2291,
2950,
13035,
1010,
14784,
1010,
24471,
20849,
1010,
21167,
1010,
1998,
1996,
4230,
1999,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1012,
2144,
1996,
5456,
1997,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1010,
1996,
6058,
11800,
3033,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2024,
2641,
1037,
5664,
2555,
5398,
1997,
1996,
5200,
3458,
21167,
1012,
1996,
4054,
6922,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
1996,
3103,
1010,
1037,
1043,
1011,
2828,
2364,
1011,
5537,
2732,
2732,
2008,
3397,
5585,
1012,
6564,
1003,
1997,
1996,
2291,
1005,
1055,
2124,
3742,
1998,
29532,
2009,
19790,
2135,
1012,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
2176,
2922,
26472,
4230,
1010,
1996,
5016,
11358,
1010,
4070,
2005,
5585,
1003,
1997,
1996,
3588,
3742,
1010,
2007,
13035,
1998,
14784,
2362,
9605,
2062,
2084,
3938,
1003,
1012,
1996,
3588,
5200,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1006,
2164,
1996,
2176,
12350,
11358,
1010,
1996,
11229,
11358,
1010,
23377,
1010,
26732,
1010,
1998,
27138,
1007,
2362,
15821,
2625,
2084,
1014,
1012,
4002,
2475,
1003,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1005,
1055,
2561,
3742,
1012,
1031,
1044,
1033,
1996,
3103,
2003,
3605,
1997,
5560,
5818,
1003,
9732,
1998,
22764,
1010,
2004,
2024,
13035,
1998,
14784,
1012,
1037,
5512,
17978,
6526,
1999,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1010,
2580,
2011,
3684,
1998,
2422,
3778,
2013,
1996,
2220,
3103,
1025,
2216,
5200,
3553,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2029,
2024,
2062,
5360,
2011,
3684,
1998,
2422,
3778,
1010,
2024,
3605,
1997,
3787,
2007,
2152,
13721,
2685,
1012,
5200,
8736,
2013,
1996,
3103,
2024,
3605,
4321,
1997,
4475,
2007,
2896,
13721,
2685,
1012,
1996,
6192,
1999,
1996,
5943,
2291,
3458,
2029,
2216,
20606,
13978,
2071,
5317,
2229,
3401,
2003,
2124,
2004,
1996,
10097,
2240,
1010,
1998,
2009,
3658,
2012,
5560,
2274,
2335,
1996,
3011,
1005,
1055,
3292,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1996,
11358,
1998,
2060,
2312,
5200,
1999,
8753,
2105,
1996,
3103,
4682,
2379,
1996,
4946,
1997,
3011,
1005,
1055,
8753,
1010,
2124,
2004,
1996,
14925,
15000,
4588,
1012,
3760,
13580,
5200,
2107,
2004,
27138,
4703,
8753,
2012,
6022,
3618,
12113,
2000,
2023,
4946,
1012,
2087,
1997,
1996,
11358,
1999,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2031,
3905,
3001,
1997,
2037,
2219,
1010,
2108,
8753,
2098,
2011,
3019,
14549,
2170,
23377,
1012,
2035,
1997,
1996,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"largest",
"natural",
"satellites",
"are",
"in",
"sync",
"##hr",
"##ono",
"##us",
"rotation",
",",
"with",
"one",
"face",
"permanently",
"turned",
"toward",
"their",
"parent",
".",
"the",
"four",
"giant",
"planets",
"have",
"planetary",
"rings",
",",
"thin",
"discs",
"of",
"tiny",
"particles",
"that",
"orbit",
"them",
"in",
"unison",
".",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"formation",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"planets",
"and",
"most",
"other",
"objects",
"orbit",
"the",
"sun",
"in",
"the",
"same",
"direction",
"that",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"rotating",
".",
"that",
"is",
",",
"counter",
"-",
"clockwise",
",",
"as",
"viewed",
"from",
"above",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"north",
"pole",
".",
"there",
"are",
"exceptions",
",",
"such",
"as",
"halle",
"##y",
"'",
"s",
"comet",
".",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"larger",
"moons",
"orbit",
"their",
"planets",
"in",
"pro",
"##grade",
"direction",
",",
"matching",
"the",
"direction",
"of",
"planetary",
"rotation",
";",
"neptune",
"'",
"s",
"moon",
"tri",
"##ton",
"is",
"the",
"largest",
"to",
"orbit",
"in",
"the",
"opposite",
",",
"retro",
"##grade",
"manner",
".",
"most",
"larger",
"objects",
"rotate",
"around",
"their",
"own",
"axes",
"in",
"the",
"pro",
"##grade",
"direction",
"relative",
"to",
"their",
"orbit",
",",
"though",
"the",
"rotation",
"of",
"venus",
"is",
"retro",
"##grade",
".",
"to",
"a",
"good",
"first",
"approximation",
",",
"kepler",
"'",
"s",
"laws",
"of",
"planetary",
"motion",
"describe",
"the",
"orbits",
"of",
"objects",
"around",
"the",
"sun",
".",
":",
"43",
"##3",
"–",
"43",
"##7",
"these",
"laws",
"st",
"##ip",
"##ulate",
"that",
"each",
"object",
"travels",
"along",
"an",
"el",
"##lip",
"##se",
"with",
"the",
"sun",
"at",
"one",
"focus",
",",
"which",
"causes",
"the",
"body",
"'",
"s",
"distance",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"to",
"vary",
"over",
"the",
"course",
"of",
"its",
"year",
".",
"a",
"body",
"'",
"s",
"closest",
"approach",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"called",
"its",
"per",
"##ih",
"##eli",
"##on",
",",
"whereas",
"its",
"most",
"distant",
"point",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"called",
"its",
"ap",
"##hel",
"##ion",
".",
":",
"9",
"-",
"6",
"with",
"the",
"exception",
"of",
"mercury",
",",
"the",
"orbits",
"of",
"the",
"planets",
"are",
"nearly",
"circular",
",",
"but",
"many",
"comets",
",",
"asteroids",
",",
"and",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"objects",
"follow",
"highly",
"elliptical",
"orbits",
".",
"kepler",
"'",
"s",
"laws",
"only",
"account",
"for",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"gravity",
"upon",
"an",
"orbiting",
"body",
",",
"not",
"the",
"gravitational",
"pulls",
"of",
"different",
"bodies",
"upon",
"each",
"other",
".",
"on",
"a",
"human",
"time",
"scale",
",",
"these",
"per",
"##tur",
"##bation",
"##s",
"can",
"be",
"accounted",
"for",
"using",
"numerical",
"models",
",",
":",
"9",
"-",
"6",
"but",
"the",
"planetary",
"system",
"can",
"change",
"chaotic",
"##ally",
"over",
"billions",
"of",
"years",
".",
"the",
"angular",
"momentum",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"a",
"measure",
"of",
"the",
"total",
"amount",
"of",
"orbital",
"and",
"rotational",
"momentum",
"possessed",
"by",
"all",
"its",
"moving",
"components",
".",
"although",
"the",
"sun",
"dominates",
"the",
"system",
"by",
"mass",
",",
"it",
"accounts",
"for",
"only",
"about",
"2",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"angular",
"momentum",
".",
"the",
"planets",
",",
"dominated",
"by",
"jupiter",
",",
"account",
"for",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"angular",
"momentum",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"combination",
"of",
"their",
"mass",
",",
"orbit",
",",
"and",
"distance",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"with",
"a",
"possibly",
"significant",
"contribution",
"from",
"comets",
".",
"the",
"radius",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"0",
".",
"00",
"##47",
"au",
"(",
"700",
",",
"000",
"km",
";",
"400",
",",
"000",
"mi",
")",
".",
"thus",
",",
"the",
"sun",
"occupies",
"0",
".",
"000",
"##01",
"%",
"(",
"1",
"part",
"in",
"107",
")",
"of",
"the",
"volume",
"of",
"a",
"sphere",
"with"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 5,
"end_token_idx": 10,
"identifier": "/wiki/Synchronous_rotation",
"tokens": [
"sync",
"##hr",
"##ono",
"##us",
"rotation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 44,
"end_token_idx": 49,
"identifier": "/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System",
"tokens": [
"formation",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 91,
"end_token_idx": 96,
"identifier": "/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet",
"tokens": [
"halle",
"##y",
"'",
"s",
"comet"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 106,
"end_token_idx": 108,
"identifier": "/wiki/Retrograde_and_prograde_motion",
"tokens": [
"pro",
"##grade"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 121,
"end_token_idx": 123,
"identifier": "/wiki/Triton_(moon)",
"tokens": [
"tri",
"##ton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 169,
"end_token_idx": 176,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion",
"tokens": [
"kepler",
"'",
"s",
"laws",
"of",
"planetary",
"motion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 202,
"end_token_idx": 205,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ellipse",
"tokens": [
"el",
"##lip",
"##se"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 210,
"end_token_idx": 211,
"identifier": "/wiki/Focus_(geometry)",
"tokens": [
"focus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 243,
"end_token_idx": 247,
"identifier": "/wiki/Perihelion",
"tokens": [
"per",
"##ih",
"##eli",
"##on"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 262,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aphelion",
"tokens": [
"ap",
"##hel",
"##ion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 346,
"end_token_idx": 348,
"identifier": "/wiki/Numerical_model_of_the_Solar_System",
"tokens": [
"numerical",
"models"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 367,
"end_token_idx": 369,
"identifier": "/wiki/Angular_momentum",
"tokens": [
"angular",
"momentum"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rotational_momentum",
"tokens": [
"rotational",
"momentum"
]
}
] | [
101,
2922,
3019,
14549,
2024,
1999,
26351,
8093,
17175,
2271,
9963,
1010,
2007,
2028,
2227,
8642,
2357,
2646,
2037,
6687,
1012,
1996,
2176,
5016,
11358,
2031,
17700,
7635,
1010,
4857,
15303,
1997,
4714,
9309,
2008,
8753,
2068,
1999,
18732,
1012,
2004,
1037,
2765,
1997,
1996,
4195,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1010,
11358,
1998,
2087,
2060,
5200,
8753,
1996,
3103,
1999,
1996,
2168,
3257,
2008,
1996,
3103,
2003,
13618,
1012,
2008,
2003,
1010,
4675,
1011,
22839,
1010,
2004,
7021,
2013,
2682,
3011,
1005,
1055,
2167,
6536,
1012,
2045,
2024,
11790,
1010,
2107,
2004,
19769,
2100,
1005,
1055,
15699,
1012,
2087,
1997,
1996,
3469,
23377,
8753,
2037,
11358,
1999,
4013,
24170,
3257,
1010,
9844,
1996,
3257,
1997,
17700,
9963,
1025,
21167,
1005,
1055,
4231,
13012,
2669,
2003,
1996,
2922,
2000,
8753,
1999,
1996,
4500,
1010,
22307,
24170,
5450,
1012,
2087,
3469,
5200,
24357,
2105,
2037,
2219,
19589,
1999,
1996,
4013,
24170,
3257,
5816,
2000,
2037,
8753,
1010,
2295,
1996,
9963,
1997,
11691,
2003,
22307,
24170,
1012,
2000,
1037,
2204,
2034,
20167,
1010,
28219,
1005,
1055,
4277,
1997,
17700,
4367,
6235,
1996,
20347,
1997,
5200,
2105,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1024,
4724,
2509,
1516,
4724,
2581,
2122,
4277,
2358,
11514,
9869,
2008,
2169,
4874,
7930,
2247,
2019,
3449,
15000,
3366,
2007,
1996,
3103,
2012,
2028,
3579,
1010,
2029,
5320,
1996,
2303,
1005,
1055,
3292,
2013,
1996,
3103,
2000,
8137,
2058,
1996,
2607,
1997,
2049,
2095,
1012,
1037,
2303,
1005,
1055,
7541,
3921,
2000,
1996,
3103,
2003,
2170,
2049,
2566,
19190,
20806,
2239,
1010,
6168,
2049,
2087,
6802,
2391,
2013,
1996,
3103,
2003,
2170,
2049,
9706,
16001,
3258,
1012,
1024,
1023,
1011,
1020,
2007,
1996,
6453,
1997,
8714,
1010,
1996,
20347,
1997,
1996,
11358,
2024,
3053,
8206,
1010,
2021,
2116,
27138,
1010,
26732,
1010,
1998,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
5200,
3582,
3811,
27213,
20347,
1012,
28219,
1005,
1055,
4277,
2069,
4070,
2005,
1996,
3747,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
8992,
2588,
2019,
26472,
2303,
1010,
2025,
1996,
19790,
8005,
1997,
2367,
4230,
2588,
2169,
2060,
1012,
2006,
1037,
2529,
2051,
4094,
1010,
2122,
2566,
20689,
23757,
2015,
2064,
2022,
14729,
2005,
2478,
15973,
4275,
1010,
1024,
1023,
1011,
1020,
2021,
1996,
17700,
2291,
2064,
2689,
19633,
3973,
2058,
25501,
1997,
2086,
1012,
1996,
16108,
11071,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
1037,
5468,
1997,
1996,
2561,
3815,
1997,
13943,
1998,
25254,
11071,
8679,
2011,
2035,
2049,
3048,
6177,
1012,
2348,
1996,
3103,
29532,
1996,
2291,
2011,
3742,
1010,
2009,
6115,
2005,
2069,
2055,
1016,
1003,
1997,
1996,
16108,
11071,
1012,
1996,
11358,
1010,
6817,
2011,
13035,
1010,
4070,
2005,
2087,
1997,
1996,
2717,
1997,
1996,
16108,
11071,
2349,
2000,
1996,
5257,
1997,
2037,
3742,
1010,
8753,
1010,
1998,
3292,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2007,
1037,
4298,
3278,
6691,
2013,
27138,
1012,
1996,
12177,
1997,
1996,
3103,
2003,
1014,
1012,
4002,
22610,
8740,
1006,
6352,
1010,
2199,
2463,
1025,
4278,
1010,
2199,
2771,
1007,
1012,
2947,
1010,
1996,
3103,
14133,
1014,
1012,
2199,
24096,
1003,
1006,
1015,
2112,
1999,
10550,
1007,
1997,
1996,
3872,
1997,
1037,
10336,
2007,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"a",
"radius",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"orbit",
",",
"whereas",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"volume",
"is",
"roughly",
"1",
"million",
"##th",
"(",
"10",
"##−",
"##6",
")",
"that",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"jupiter",
",",
"the",
"largest",
"planet",
",",
"is",
"5",
".",
"2",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"and",
"has",
"a",
"radius",
"of",
"71",
",",
"000",
"km",
"(",
"0",
".",
"000",
"##47",
"au",
";",
"44",
",",
"000",
"mi",
")",
",",
"whereas",
"the",
"most",
"distant",
"planet",
",",
"neptune",
",",
"is",
"30",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"with",
"a",
"few",
"exceptions",
",",
"the",
"farther",
"a",
"planet",
"or",
"belt",
"is",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"the",
"larger",
"the",
"distance",
"between",
"its",
"orbit",
"and",
"the",
"orbit",
"of",
"the",
"next",
"nearest",
"object",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"for",
"example",
",",
"venus",
"is",
"approximately",
"0",
".",
"33",
"au",
"farther",
"out",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"than",
"mercury",
",",
"whereas",
"saturn",
"is",
"4",
".",
"3",
"au",
"out",
"from",
"jupiter",
",",
"and",
"neptune",
"lies",
"10",
".",
"5",
"au",
"out",
"from",
"ur",
"##anus",
".",
"attempts",
"have",
"been",
"made",
"to",
"determine",
"a",
"relationship",
"between",
"these",
"orbital",
"distances",
",",
"like",
"the",
"ti",
"##tius",
"–",
"bo",
"##de",
"law",
"and",
"johannes",
"kepler",
"'",
"s",
"model",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"plato",
"##nic",
"solids",
",",
"but",
"ongoing",
"discoveries",
"have",
"invalid",
"##ated",
"these",
"h",
"##yp",
"##oth",
"##eses",
".",
"some",
"solar",
"system",
"models",
"attempt",
"to",
"convey",
"the",
"relative",
"scales",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"in",
"human",
"terms",
".",
"some",
"are",
"small",
"in",
"scale",
"(",
"and",
"may",
"be",
"mechanical",
"—",
"called",
"orr",
"##eries",
")",
"—",
"whereas",
"others",
"extend",
"across",
"cities",
"or",
"regional",
"areas",
".",
"the",
"largest",
"such",
"scale",
"model",
",",
"the",
"sweden",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"uses",
"the",
"110",
"-",
"meter",
"(",
"36",
"##1",
"-",
"foot",
")",
"av",
"##ici",
"##i",
"arena",
"in",
"stockholm",
"as",
"its",
"substitute",
"sun",
",",
"and",
",",
"following",
"the",
"scale",
",",
"jupiter",
"is",
"a",
"7",
".",
"5",
"-",
"meter",
"(",
"25",
"-",
"foot",
")",
"sphere",
"at",
"stockholm",
"ar",
"##landa",
"airport",
",",
"40",
"km",
"(",
"25",
"mi",
")",
"away",
",",
"whereas",
"the",
"far",
"##thest",
"current",
"object",
",",
"se",
"##dna",
",",
"is",
"a",
"10",
"cm",
"(",
"4",
"in",
")",
"sphere",
"in",
"lu",
"##lea",
",",
"91",
"##2",
"km",
"(",
"56",
"##7",
"mi",
")",
"away",
".",
"if",
"the",
"sun",
"–",
"neptune",
"distance",
"is",
"scaled",
"to",
"100",
"meters",
"(",
"330",
"ft",
")",
",",
"then",
"the",
"sun",
"would",
"be",
"about",
"3",
"cm",
"(",
"1",
".",
"2",
"in",
")",
"in",
"diameter",
"(",
"roughly",
"two",
"-",
"thirds",
"the",
"diameter",
"of",
"a",
"golf",
"ball",
")",
",",
"the",
"giant",
"planets",
"would",
"be",
"all",
"smaller",
"than",
"about",
"3",
"mm",
"(",
"0",
".",
"12",
"in",
")",
",",
"and",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"diameter",
"along",
"with",
"that",
"of",
"the",
"other",
"terrestrial",
"planets",
"would",
"be",
"smaller",
"than",
"a",
"flea",
"(",
"0",
".",
"3",
"mm",
"or",
"0",
".",
"01",
"##2",
"in",
")",
"at",
"this",
"scale",
".",
"besides",
"solar",
"energy",
",",
"the",
"primary",
"characteristic",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"enabling",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"life",
"is",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere",
"and",
"planetary",
"magnetic",
"fields",
"(",
"for",
"those",
"planets",
"that",
"have",
"them",
")",
".",
"these",
"magnetic",
"fields",
"partially",
"shield",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"from",
"high",
"-",
"energy",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"particles",
"called",
"cosmic",
"rays",
".",
"the",
"density"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 172,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/Titius%E2%80%93Bode_law",
"tokens": [
"ti",
"##tius",
"–",
"bo",
"##de",
"law"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 184,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mysterium_Cosmographicum",
"tokens": [
"johannes",
"kepler",
"'",
"s",
"model"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 187,
"end_token_idx": 190,
"identifier": "/wiki/Platonic_solid",
"tokens": [
"plato",
"##nic",
"solids"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 204,
"end_token_idx": 207,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_System_model",
"tokens": [
"solar",
"system",
"models"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 234,
"end_token_idx": 236,
"identifier": "/wiki/Orrery",
"tokens": [
"orr",
"##eries"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 254,
"end_token_idx": 257,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sweden_Solar_System",
"tokens": [
"sweden",
"solar",
"system"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 273,
"identifier": "/wiki/Avicii_Arena",
"tokens": [
"av",
"##ici",
"##i",
"arena"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 274,
"end_token_idx": 275,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stockholm",
"tokens": [
"stockholm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 301,
"end_token_idx": 305,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stockholm_Arlanda_Airport",
"tokens": [
"stockholm",
"ar",
"##landa",
"airport"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 321,
"end_token_idx": 323,
"identifier": "/wiki/90377_Sedna",
"tokens": [
"se",
"##dna"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 334,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lule%C3%A5",
"tokens": [
"lu",
"##lea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 415,
"identifier": "/wiki/Earth%27s_diameter",
"tokens": [
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"diameter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 428,
"end_token_idx": 429,
"identifier": "/wiki/Flea",
"tokens": [
"flea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 495,
"end_token_idx": 497,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cosmic_ray",
"tokens": [
"cosmic",
"rays"
]
}
] | [
101,
1037,
12177,
1996,
2946,
1997,
3011,
1005,
1055,
8753,
1010,
6168,
3011,
1005,
1055,
3872,
2003,
5560,
1015,
2454,
2705,
1006,
2184,
22543,
2575,
1007,
2008,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1012,
13035,
1010,
1996,
2922,
4774,
1010,
2003,
1019,
1012,
1016,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1998,
2038,
1037,
12177,
1997,
6390,
1010,
2199,
2463,
1006,
1014,
1012,
2199,
22610,
8740,
1025,
4008,
1010,
2199,
2771,
1007,
1010,
6168,
1996,
2087,
6802,
4774,
1010,
21167,
1010,
2003,
2382,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1012,
2007,
1037,
2261,
11790,
1010,
1996,
8736,
1037,
4774,
2030,
5583,
2003,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1010,
1996,
3469,
1996,
3292,
2090,
2049,
8753,
1998,
1996,
8753,
1997,
1996,
2279,
7205,
4874,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1012,
2005,
2742,
1010,
11691,
2003,
3155,
1014,
1012,
3943,
8740,
8736,
2041,
2013,
1996,
3103,
2084,
8714,
1010,
6168,
14784,
2003,
1018,
1012,
1017,
8740,
2041,
2013,
13035,
1010,
1998,
21167,
3658,
2184,
1012,
1019,
8740,
2041,
2013,
24471,
20849,
1012,
4740,
2031,
2042,
2081,
2000,
5646,
1037,
3276,
2090,
2122,
13943,
12103,
1010,
2066,
1996,
14841,
22638,
1516,
8945,
3207,
2375,
1998,
12470,
28219,
1005,
1055,
2944,
2241,
2006,
1996,
18858,
8713,
26778,
1010,
2021,
7552,
15636,
2031,
19528,
4383,
2122,
1044,
22571,
14573,
23072,
1012,
2070,
5943,
2291,
4275,
3535,
2000,
16636,
1996,
5816,
9539,
2920,
1999,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1999,
2529,
3408,
1012,
2070,
2024,
2235,
1999,
4094,
1006,
1998,
2089,
2022,
6228,
1517,
2170,
26914,
28077,
1007,
1517,
6168,
2500,
7949,
2408,
3655,
2030,
3164,
2752,
1012,
1996,
2922,
2107,
4094,
2944,
1010,
1996,
4701,
5943,
2291,
1010,
3594,
1996,
7287,
1011,
8316,
1006,
4029,
2487,
1011,
3329,
1007,
20704,
28775,
2072,
5196,
1999,
8947,
2004,
2049,
7681,
3103,
1010,
1998,
1010,
2206,
1996,
4094,
1010,
13035,
2003,
1037,
1021,
1012,
1019,
1011,
8316,
1006,
2423,
1011,
3329,
1007,
10336,
2012,
8947,
12098,
24448,
3199,
1010,
2871,
2463,
1006,
2423,
2771,
1007,
2185,
1010,
6168,
1996,
2521,
20515,
2783,
4874,
1010,
7367,
28911,
1010,
2003,
1037,
2184,
4642,
1006,
1018,
1999,
1007,
10336,
1999,
11320,
19738,
1010,
6205,
2475,
2463,
1006,
5179,
2581,
2771,
1007,
2185,
1012,
2065,
1996,
3103,
1516,
21167,
3292,
2003,
18953,
2000,
2531,
5563,
1006,
14210,
3027,
1007,
1010,
2059,
1996,
3103,
2052,
2022,
2055,
1017,
4642,
1006,
1015,
1012,
1016,
1999,
1007,
1999,
6705,
1006,
5560,
2048,
1011,
12263,
1996,
6705,
1997,
1037,
5439,
3608,
1007,
1010,
1996,
5016,
11358,
2052,
2022,
2035,
3760,
2084,
2055,
1017,
3461,
1006,
1014,
1012,
2260,
1999,
1007,
1010,
1998,
3011,
1005,
1055,
6705,
2247,
2007,
2008,
1997,
1996,
2060,
12350,
11358,
2052,
2022,
3760,
2084,
1037,
26735,
1006,
1014,
1012,
1017,
3461,
2030,
1014,
1012,
5890,
2475,
1999,
1007,
2012,
2023,
4094,
1012,
4661,
5943,
2943,
1010,
1996,
3078,
8281,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
12067,
1996,
3739,
1997,
2166,
2003,
1996,
2002,
12798,
23874,
1998,
17700,
8060,
4249,
1006,
2005,
2216,
11358,
2008,
2031,
2068,
1007,
1012,
2122,
8060,
4249,
6822,
6099,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2013,
2152,
1011,
2943,
6970,
29028,
9309,
2170,
14448,
9938,
1012,
1996,
4304,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"of",
"cosmic",
"rays",
"in",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium",
"and",
"the",
"strength",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"magnetic",
"field",
"change",
"on",
"very",
"long",
"times",
"##cal",
"##es",
",",
"so",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"cosmic",
"-",
"ray",
"penetration",
"in",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"varies",
",",
"though",
"by",
"how",
"much",
"is",
"unknown",
".",
"the",
"zone",
"of",
"habit",
"##ability",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"conventional",
"##ly",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"where",
"planetary",
"surface",
"or",
"atmospheric",
"temperatures",
"admit",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"liquid",
"water",
".",
"habit",
"##ability",
"might",
"be",
"possible",
"in",
"sub",
"##sur",
"##face",
"oceans",
"of",
"various",
"outer",
"solar",
"system",
"moons",
".",
"compared",
"to",
"many",
"extras",
"##olar",
"systems",
",",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"stands",
"out",
"in",
"lacking",
"planets",
"interior",
"to",
"the",
"orbit",
"of",
"mercury",
".",
"the",
"known",
"solar",
"system",
"lacks",
"super",
"-",
"earth",
"##s",
",",
"planets",
"between",
"one",
"and",
"ten",
"times",
"as",
"massive",
"as",
"the",
"earth",
",",
"although",
"the",
"hypothetical",
"planet",
"nine",
",",
"if",
"it",
"does",
"exist",
",",
"could",
"be",
"a",
"super",
"-",
"earth",
"orbiting",
"in",
"the",
"edge",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
".",
"uncommon",
"##ly",
",",
"it",
"has",
"only",
"small",
"terrestrial",
"and",
"large",
"gas",
"giants",
";",
"elsewhere",
"planets",
"of",
"intermediate",
"size",
"are",
"typical",
"—",
"both",
"rocky",
"and",
"gas",
"—",
"so",
"there",
"is",
"no",
"\"",
"gap",
"\"",
"as",
"seen",
"between",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"earth",
"and",
"of",
"neptune",
"(",
"with",
"a",
"radius",
"3",
".",
"8",
"times",
"as",
"large",
")",
".",
"as",
"many",
"of",
"these",
"super",
"-",
"earth",
"##s",
"are",
"closer",
"to",
"their",
"respective",
"stars",
"than",
"mercury",
"is",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"a",
"hypothesis",
"has",
"arise",
"##n",
"that",
"all",
"planetary",
"systems",
"start",
"with",
"many",
"close",
"-",
"in",
"planets",
",",
"and",
"that",
"typically",
"a",
"sequence",
"of",
"their",
"collisions",
"causes",
"consolidation",
"of",
"mass",
"into",
"few",
"larger",
"planets",
",",
"but",
"in",
"case",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"the",
"collisions",
"caused",
"their",
"destruction",
"and",
"e",
"##ject",
"##ion",
".",
"the",
"orbits",
"of",
"solar",
"system",
"planets",
"are",
"nearly",
"circular",
".",
"compared",
"to",
"many",
"other",
"systems",
",",
"they",
"have",
"smaller",
"orbital",
"eccentric",
"##ity",
".",
"although",
"there",
"are",
"attempts",
"to",
"explain",
"it",
"partly",
"with",
"a",
"bias",
"in",
"the",
"radial",
"-",
"velocity",
"detection",
"method",
"and",
"partly",
"with",
"long",
"interactions",
"of",
"a",
"quite",
"high",
"number",
"of",
"planets",
",",
"the",
"exact",
"causes",
"remain",
"und",
"##eter",
"##mined",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"'",
"s",
"star",
"and",
"by",
"far",
"its",
"most",
"massive",
"component",
".",
"its",
"large",
"mass",
"(",
"332",
",",
"900",
"earth",
"masses",
")",
",",
"which",
"comprises",
"99",
".",
"86",
"%",
"of",
"all",
"the",
"mass",
"in",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"produces",
"temperatures",
"and",
"den",
"##sities",
"in",
"its",
"core",
"high",
"enough",
"to",
"sustain",
"nuclear",
"fusion",
"of",
"hydrogen",
"into",
"helium",
".",
"this",
"releases",
"an",
"enormous",
"amount",
"of",
"energy",
",",
"mostly",
"radiated",
"into",
"space",
"as",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"peaking",
"in",
"visible",
"light",
".",
"because",
"the",
"sun",
"fuse",
"##s",
"hydrogen",
"at",
"its",
"core",
",",
"it",
"is",
"a",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"star",
".",
"more",
"specifically",
",",
"it",
"is",
"a",
"g",
"##2",
"-",
"type",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"star",
",",
"where",
"the",
"type",
"designation",
"refers",
"to",
"its",
"effective",
"temperature",
".",
"hotter",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"stars",
"are",
"more",
"luminous",
"but",
"shorter",
"lived",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"temperature",
"is",
"intermediate",
"between"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 5,
"end_token_idx": 8,
"identifier": "/wiki/Interstellar_medium",
"tokens": [
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 48,
"end_token_idx": 52,
"identifier": "/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone",
"tokens": [
"zone",
"of",
"habit",
"##ability"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 76,
"end_token_idx": 78,
"identifier": "/wiki/Liquid_water",
"tokens": [
"liquid",
"water"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 85,
"end_token_idx": 89,
"identifier": "/wiki/Subsurface_ocean",
"tokens": [
"sub",
"##sur",
"##face",
"oceans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 123,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Super-Earth",
"tokens": [
"super",
"-",
"earth",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 143,
"end_token_idx": 145,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planet_Nine",
"tokens": [
"planet",
"nine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 312,
"end_token_idx": 315,
"identifier": "/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity",
"tokens": [
"orbital",
"eccentric",
"##ity"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 329,
"end_token_idx": 334,
"identifier": "/wiki/Doppler_spectroscopy",
"tokens": [
"radial",
"-",
"velocity",
"detection",
"method"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 379,
"end_token_idx": 381,
"identifier": "/wiki/Earth_mass",
"tokens": [
"earth",
"masses"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 405,
"end_token_idx": 406,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_core",
"tokens": [
"core"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 423,
"end_token_idx": 424,
"identifier": "/wiki/Energy",
"tokens": [
"energy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 426,
"end_token_idx": 427,
"identifier": "/wiki/Radiant_energy",
"tokens": [
"radiated"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 428,
"end_token_idx": 429,
"identifier": "/wiki/Outer_space",
"tokens": [
"space"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 430,
"end_token_idx": 432,
"identifier": "/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation",
"tokens": [
"electromagnetic",
"radiation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 434,
"end_token_idx": 436,
"identifier": "/wiki/Visible_light",
"tokens": [
"visible",
"light"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 461,
"end_token_idx": 469,
"identifier": "/wiki/G-type_main-sequence_star",
"tokens": [
"g",
"##2",
"-",
"type",
"main",
"-",
"sequence",
"star"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 479,
"identifier": "/wiki/Effective_temperature",
"tokens": [
"effective",
"temperature"
]
}
] | [
101,
1997,
14448,
9938,
1999,
1996,
6970,
29028,
5396,
1998,
1996,
3997,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
8060,
2492,
2689,
2006,
2200,
2146,
2335,
9289,
2229,
1010,
2061,
1996,
2504,
1997,
14448,
1011,
4097,
20015,
1999,
1996,
5943,
2291,
9783,
1010,
2295,
2011,
2129,
2172,
2003,
4242,
1012,
1996,
4224,
1997,
10427,
8010,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
7511,
2135,
2284,
1999,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
1010,
2073,
17700,
3302,
2030,
12483,
7715,
6449,
1996,
6061,
1997,
6381,
2300,
1012,
10427,
8010,
2453,
2022,
2825,
1999,
4942,
26210,
12172,
17401,
1997,
2536,
6058,
5943,
2291,
23377,
1012,
4102,
2000,
2116,
26279,
19478,
3001,
1010,
1996,
5943,
2291,
4832,
2041,
1999,
11158,
11358,
4592,
2000,
1996,
8753,
1997,
8714,
1012,
1996,
2124,
5943,
2291,
14087,
3565,
1011,
3011,
2015,
1010,
11358,
2090,
2028,
1998,
2702,
2335,
2004,
5294,
2004,
1996,
3011,
1010,
2348,
1996,
25613,
4774,
3157,
1010,
2065,
2009,
2515,
4839,
1010,
2071,
2022,
1037,
3565,
1011,
3011,
26472,
1999,
1996,
3341,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1012,
13191,
2135,
1010,
2009,
2038,
2069,
2235,
12350,
1998,
2312,
3806,
7230,
1025,
6974,
11358,
1997,
7783,
2946,
2024,
5171,
1517,
2119,
6857,
1998,
3806,
1517,
2061,
2045,
2003,
2053,
1000,
6578,
1000,
2004,
2464,
2090,
1996,
2946,
1997,
3011,
1998,
1997,
21167,
1006,
2007,
1037,
12177,
1017,
1012,
1022,
2335,
2004,
2312,
1007,
1012,
2004,
2116,
1997,
2122,
3565,
1011,
3011,
2015,
2024,
3553,
2000,
2037,
7972,
3340,
2084,
8714,
2003,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1010,
1037,
10744,
2038,
13368,
2078,
2008,
2035,
17700,
3001,
2707,
2007,
2116,
2485,
1011,
1999,
11358,
1010,
1998,
2008,
4050,
1037,
5537,
1997,
2037,
28820,
5320,
17439,
1997,
3742,
2046,
2261,
3469,
11358,
1010,
2021,
1999,
2553,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1996,
28820,
3303,
2037,
6215,
1998,
1041,
20614,
3258,
1012,
1996,
20347,
1997,
5943,
2291,
11358,
2024,
3053,
8206,
1012,
4102,
2000,
2116,
2060,
3001,
1010,
2027,
2031,
3760,
13943,
18080,
3012,
1012,
2348,
2045,
2024,
4740,
2000,
4863,
2009,
6576,
2007,
1037,
13827,
1999,
1996,
15255,
1011,
10146,
10788,
4118,
1998,
6576,
2007,
2146,
10266,
1997,
1037,
3243,
2152,
2193,
1997,
11358,
1010,
1996,
6635,
5320,
3961,
6151,
15141,
25089,
1012,
1996,
3103,
2003,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1005,
1055,
2732,
1998,
2011,
2521,
2049,
2087,
5294,
6922,
1012,
2049,
2312,
3742,
1006,
29327,
1010,
7706,
3011,
11678,
1007,
1010,
2029,
8681,
5585,
1012,
6564,
1003,
1997,
2035,
1996,
3742,
1999,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1010,
7137,
7715,
1998,
7939,
24279,
1999,
2049,
4563,
2152,
2438,
2000,
15770,
4517,
10077,
1997,
9732,
2046,
22764,
1012,
2023,
7085,
2019,
8216,
3815,
1997,
2943,
1010,
3262,
23000,
2046,
2686,
2004,
17225,
8249,
13015,
1999,
5710,
2422,
1012,
2138,
1996,
3103,
19976,
2015,
9732,
2012,
2049,
4563,
1010,
2009,
2003,
1037,
2364,
1011,
5537,
2732,
1012,
2062,
4919,
1010,
2009,
2003,
1037,
1043,
2475,
1011,
2828,
2364,
1011,
5537,
2732,
1010,
2073,
1996,
2828,
8259,
5218,
2000,
2049,
4621,
4860,
1012,
22302,
2364,
1011,
5537,
3340,
2024,
2062,
25567,
2021,
7820,
2973,
1012,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
4860,
2003,
7783,
2090,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"that",
"of",
"the",
"hottest",
"stars",
"and",
"that",
"of",
"the",
"cool",
"##est",
"stars",
".",
"stars",
"brighter",
"and",
"hotter",
"than",
"the",
"sun",
"are",
"rare",
",",
"whereas",
"substantially",
"dim",
"##mer",
"and",
"cooler",
"stars",
",",
"known",
"as",
"red",
"dwarfs",
",",
"make",
"up",
"about",
"75",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"fu",
"##sor",
"stars",
"in",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"a",
"population",
"i",
"star",
",",
"having",
"formed",
"in",
"the",
"spiral",
"arms",
"of",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
"galaxy",
".",
"it",
"has",
"a",
"higher",
"abundance",
"of",
"elements",
"heavier",
"than",
"hydrogen",
"and",
"helium",
"(",
"\"",
"metals",
"\"",
"in",
"astronomical",
"par",
"##lance",
")",
"than",
"the",
"older",
"population",
"ii",
"stars",
"in",
"the",
"galactic",
"bulge",
"and",
"halo",
".",
"elements",
"heavier",
"than",
"hydrogen",
"and",
"helium",
"were",
"formed",
"in",
"the",
"cores",
"of",
"ancient",
"and",
"exploding",
"stars",
",",
"so",
"the",
"first",
"generation",
"of",
"stars",
"had",
"to",
"die",
"before",
"the",
"universe",
"could",
"be",
"enriched",
"with",
"these",
"atoms",
".",
"the",
"oldest",
"stars",
"contain",
"few",
"metals",
",",
"whereas",
"stars",
"born",
"later",
"have",
"more",
".",
"this",
"higher",
"metallic",
"##ity",
"is",
"thought",
"to",
"have",
"been",
"crucial",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"development",
"of",
"a",
"planetary",
"system",
"because",
"the",
"planets",
"formed",
"from",
"the",
"acc",
"##ret",
"##ion",
"of",
"\"",
"metals",
"\"",
".",
"the",
"region",
"of",
"space",
"dominated",
"by",
"the",
"solar",
"magnet",
"##osphere",
"is",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere",
",",
"which",
"spans",
"much",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
".",
"along",
"with",
"light",
",",
"the",
"sun",
"ra",
"##dia",
"##tes",
"a",
"continuous",
"stream",
"of",
"charged",
"particles",
"(",
"a",
"plasma",
")",
"called",
"the",
"solar",
"wind",
".",
"this",
"stream",
"spreads",
"outward",
"##s",
"at",
"speeds",
"from",
"900",
",",
"000",
"kilometers",
"per",
"hour",
"(",
"560",
",",
"000",
"mph",
")",
"to",
"2",
",",
"880",
",",
"000",
"kilometers",
"per",
"hour",
"(",
"1",
",",
"79",
"##0",
",",
"000",
"mph",
")",
",",
"filling",
"the",
"vacuum",
"between",
"the",
"bodies",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
".",
"the",
"result",
"is",
"a",
"thin",
",",
"dusty",
"atmosphere",
",",
"called",
"the",
"inter",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"medium",
",",
"which",
"extends",
"to",
"at",
"least",
"100",
"au",
".",
"activity",
"on",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"surface",
",",
"such",
"as",
"solar",
"flare",
"##s",
"and",
"corona",
"##l",
"mass",
"e",
"##ject",
"##ions",
",",
"disturb",
"##s",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere",
",",
"creating",
"space",
"weather",
"and",
"causing",
"geo",
"##ma",
"##gne",
"##tic",
"storms",
".",
"corona",
"##l",
"mass",
"e",
"##ject",
"##ions",
"and",
"similar",
"events",
"blow",
"a",
"magnetic",
"field",
"and",
"huge",
"quantities",
"of",
"material",
"from",
"the",
"surface",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"the",
"interaction",
"of",
"this",
"magnetic",
"field",
"and",
"material",
"with",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"magnetic",
"field",
"funnel",
"##s",
"charged",
"particles",
"into",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"upper",
"atmosphere",
",",
"where",
"its",
"interactions",
"create",
"aurora",
"##e",
"seen",
"near",
"the",
"magnetic",
"poles",
".",
"the",
"largest",
"stable",
"structure",
"within",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere",
"is",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sp",
"##her",
"##ic",
"current",
"sheet",
",",
"a",
"spiral",
"form",
"created",
"by",
"the",
"actions",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"rotating",
"magnetic",
"field",
"on",
"the",
"inter",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"medium",
".",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"the",
"region",
"comprising",
"the",
"terrestrial",
"planets",
"and",
"the",
"asteroids",
".",
"composed",
"mainly",
"of",
"si",
"##lica",
"##tes",
"and",
"metals",
",",
"the",
"objects",
"of",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
"are",
"relatively",
"close",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
";",
"the",
"radius",
"of",
"this",
"entire",
"region",
"is",
"less",
"than"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 3,
"end_token_idx": 5,
"identifier": "/wiki/O-type_main-sequence_star",
"tokens": [
"hottest",
"stars"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 33,
"end_token_idx": 35,
"identifier": "/wiki/Red_dwarf",
"tokens": [
"red",
"dwarfs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 43,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fusor_(astronomy)",
"tokens": [
"fu",
"##sor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 48,
"end_token_idx": 50,
"identifier": "/wiki/Milky_Way",
"tokens": [
"milky",
"way"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 55,
"end_token_idx": 58,
"identifier": "/wiki/Population_I_stars",
"tokens": [
"population",
"i",
"star"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 63,
"end_token_idx": 65,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spiral_arm",
"tokens": [
"spiral",
"arms"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 67,
"end_token_idx": 69,
"identifier": "/wiki/Milky_Way",
"tokens": [
"milky",
"way"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 85,
"end_token_idx": 86,
"identifier": "/wiki/Metallicity",
"tokens": [
"metals"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 100,
"end_token_idx": 102,
"identifier": "/wiki/Galactic_bulge",
"tokens": [
"galactic",
"bulge"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 103,
"end_token_idx": 104,
"identifier": "/wiki/Galactic_halo",
"tokens": [
"halo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 133,
"end_token_idx": 134,
"identifier": "/wiki/Universe",
"tokens": [
"universe"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 173,
"end_token_idx": 175,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planetary_system",
"tokens": [
"planetary",
"system"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 197,
"end_token_idx": 199,
"identifier": "/wiki/Magnetosphere",
"tokens": [
"magnet",
"##osphere"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 201,
"end_token_idx": 204,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heliosphere",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 216,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sunlight",
"tokens": [
"light"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 230,
"end_token_idx": 231,
"identifier": "/wiki/Plasma_(physics)",
"tokens": [
"plasma"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 234,
"end_token_idx": 236,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_wind",
"tokens": [
"solar",
"wind"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 291,
"end_token_idx": 292,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vacuum",
"tokens": [
"thin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 298,
"end_token_idx": 302,
"identifier": "/wiki/Interplanetary_medium",
"tokens": [
"inter",
"##plane",
"##tary",
"medium"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 321,
"end_token_idx": 324,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_flare",
"tokens": [
"solar",
"flare",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 325,
"end_token_idx": 331,
"identifier": "/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection",
"tokens": [
"corona",
"##l",
"mass",
"e",
"##ject",
"##ions"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 340,
"end_token_idx": 342,
"identifier": "/wiki/Space_weather",
"tokens": [
"space",
"weather"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 344,
"end_token_idx": 349,
"identifier": "/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm",
"tokens": [
"geo",
"##ma",
"##gne",
"##tic",
"storms"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 404,
"end_token_idx": 406,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aurora_(astronomy)",
"tokens": [
"aurora",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 409,
"end_token_idx": 411,
"identifier": "/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field#Magnetic_poles",
"tokens": [
"magnetic",
"poles"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 423,
"end_token_idx": 430,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heliospheric_current_sheet",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##lio",
"##sp",
"##her",
"##ic",
"current",
"sheet"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 466,
"end_token_idx": 467,
"identifier": "/wiki/Asteroid",
"tokens": [
"asteroids"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 471,
"end_token_idx": 474,
"identifier": "/wiki/Silicate",
"tokens": [
"si",
"##lica",
"##tes"
]
}
] | [
101,
2008,
1997,
1996,
20930,
3340,
1998,
2008,
1997,
1996,
4658,
4355,
3340,
1012,
3340,
16176,
1998,
22302,
2084,
1996,
3103,
2024,
4678,
1010,
6168,
12381,
11737,
5017,
1998,
14976,
3340,
1010,
2124,
2004,
2417,
28984,
1010,
2191,
2039,
2055,
4293,
1003,
1997,
1996,
11865,
21748,
3340,
1999,
1996,
21582,
2126,
1012,
1996,
3103,
2003,
1037,
2313,
1045,
2732,
1010,
2383,
2719,
1999,
1996,
12313,
2608,
1997,
1996,
21582,
2126,
9088,
1012,
2009,
2038,
1037,
3020,
14531,
1997,
3787,
11907,
2084,
9732,
1998,
22764,
1006,
1000,
11970,
1000,
1999,
13674,
11968,
23078,
1007,
2084,
1996,
3080,
2313,
2462,
3340,
1999,
1996,
21375,
23708,
1998,
17201,
1012,
3787,
11907,
2084,
9732,
1998,
22764,
2020,
2719,
1999,
1996,
25562,
1997,
3418,
1998,
20728,
3340,
1010,
2061,
1996,
2034,
4245,
1997,
3340,
2018,
2000,
3280,
2077,
1996,
5304,
2071,
2022,
25202,
2007,
2122,
13353,
1012,
1996,
4587,
3340,
5383,
2261,
11970,
1010,
6168,
3340,
2141,
2101,
2031,
2062,
1012,
2023,
3020,
12392,
3012,
2003,
2245,
2000,
2031,
2042,
10232,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
2458,
1997,
1037,
17700,
2291,
2138,
1996,
11358,
2719,
2013,
1996,
16222,
13465,
3258,
1997,
1000,
11970,
1000,
1012,
1996,
2555,
1997,
2686,
6817,
2011,
1996,
5943,
16853,
25444,
2003,
1996,
2002,
12798,
23874,
1010,
2029,
14798,
2172,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1012,
2247,
2007,
2422,
1010,
1996,
3103,
10958,
9032,
4570,
1037,
7142,
5460,
1997,
5338,
9309,
1006,
1037,
12123,
1007,
2170,
1996,
5943,
3612,
1012,
2023,
5460,
20861,
15436,
2015,
2012,
10898,
2013,
7706,
1010,
2199,
7338,
2566,
3178,
1006,
21267,
1010,
2199,
5601,
1007,
2000,
1016,
1010,
26839,
1010,
2199,
7338,
2566,
3178,
1006,
1015,
1010,
6535,
2692,
1010,
2199,
5601,
1007,
1010,
8110,
1996,
11641,
2090,
1996,
4230,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1012,
1996,
2765,
2003,
1037,
4857,
1010,
12727,
7224,
1010,
2170,
1996,
6970,
11751,
18219,
5396,
1010,
2029,
8908,
2000,
2012,
2560,
2531,
8740,
1012,
4023,
2006,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
3302,
1010,
2107,
2004,
5943,
17748,
2015,
1998,
21887,
2140,
3742,
1041,
20614,
8496,
1010,
22995,
2015,
1996,
2002,
12798,
23874,
1010,
4526,
2686,
4633,
1998,
4786,
20248,
2863,
10177,
4588,
12642,
1012,
21887,
2140,
3742,
1041,
20614,
8496,
1998,
2714,
2824,
6271,
1037,
8060,
2492,
1998,
4121,
12450,
1997,
3430,
2013,
1996,
3302,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1996,
8290,
1997,
2023,
8060,
2492,
1998,
3430,
2007,
3011,
1005,
1055,
8060,
2492,
25102,
2015,
5338,
9309,
2046,
3011,
1005,
1055,
3356,
7224,
1010,
2073,
2049,
10266,
3443,
13158,
2063,
2464,
2379,
1996,
8060,
10567,
1012,
1996,
2922,
6540,
3252,
2306,
1996,
2002,
12798,
23874,
2003,
1996,
2002,
12798,
13102,
5886,
2594,
2783,
7123,
1010,
1037,
12313,
2433,
2580,
2011,
1996,
4506,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
13618,
8060,
2492,
2006,
1996,
6970,
11751,
18219,
5396,
1012,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
2003,
1996,
2555,
9605,
1996,
12350,
11358,
1998,
1996,
26732,
1012,
3605,
3701,
1997,
9033,
19341,
4570,
1998,
11970,
1010,
1996,
5200,
1997,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
2024,
4659,
2485,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1025,
1996,
12177,
1997,
2023,
2972,
2555,
2003,
2625,
2084,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"distance",
"between",
"the",
"orbits",
"of",
"jupiter",
"and",
"saturn",
".",
"this",
"region",
"is",
"within",
"the",
"frost",
"line",
",",
"which",
"is",
"a",
"little",
"less",
"than",
"5",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"the",
"four",
"terrestrial",
"or",
"inner",
"planets",
"have",
"dense",
",",
"rocky",
"compositions",
",",
"few",
"or",
"no",
"moons",
",",
"and",
"no",
"ring",
"systems",
".",
"they",
"are",
"composed",
"largely",
"of",
"ref",
"##rac",
"##tory",
"minerals",
"such",
"as",
"si",
"##lica",
"##tes",
"—",
"which",
"form",
"their",
"crust",
"##s",
"and",
"mantle",
"##s",
"—",
"and",
"metals",
"such",
"as",
"iron",
"and",
"nickel",
"which",
"form",
"their",
"cores",
".",
"three",
"of",
"the",
"four",
"inner",
"planets",
"(",
"venus",
",",
"earth",
",",
"and",
"mars",
")",
"have",
"atmosphere",
"##s",
"substantial",
"enough",
"to",
"generate",
"weather",
";",
"all",
"have",
"impact",
"craters",
"and",
"te",
"##cton",
"##ic",
"surface",
"features",
",",
"such",
"as",
"rift",
"valleys",
"and",
"volcanoes",
".",
"asteroids",
"except",
"for",
"the",
"largest",
",",
"ce",
"##res",
",",
"are",
"classified",
"as",
"small",
"solar",
"system",
"bodies",
"and",
"are",
"composed",
"mainly",
"of",
"carbon",
"##aceous",
",",
"ref",
"##rac",
"##tory",
"rocky",
"and",
"metallic",
"minerals",
",",
"with",
"some",
"ice",
".",
"they",
"range",
"from",
"a",
"few",
"meters",
"to",
"hundreds",
"of",
"kilometers",
"in",
"size",
".",
"many",
"asteroids",
"are",
"divided",
"into",
"asteroid",
"groups",
"and",
"families",
"based",
"on",
"their",
"orbital",
"characteristics",
".",
"some",
"asteroids",
"have",
"natural",
"satellites",
"that",
"orbit",
"them",
",",
"that",
"is",
",",
"asteroids",
"that",
"orbit",
"larger",
"asteroids",
".",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
"occupies",
"a",
"tor",
"##us",
"-",
"shaped",
"region",
"between",
"2",
".",
"3",
"and",
"3",
".",
"3",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"which",
"lies",
"between",
"the",
"orbits",
"of",
"mars",
"and",
"jupiter",
".",
"it",
"is",
"thought",
"to",
"be",
"remnants",
"from",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"'",
"s",
"formation",
"that",
"failed",
"to",
"coal",
"##es",
"##ce",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"gravitational",
"interference",
"of",
"jupiter",
".",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
"contains",
"tens",
"of",
"thousands",
",",
"possibly",
"millions",
",",
"of",
"objects",
"over",
"one",
"kilometer",
"in",
"diameter",
".",
"despite",
"this",
",",
"the",
"total",
"mass",
"of",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
"is",
"unlikely",
"to",
"be",
"more",
"than",
"a",
"thousand",
"##th",
"of",
"that",
"of",
"earth",
".",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
"is",
"very",
"sparsely",
"populated",
";",
"spacecraft",
"routinely",
"pass",
"through",
"without",
"incident",
".",
"below",
"are",
"the",
"descriptions",
"of",
"the",
"three",
"largest",
"bodies",
"in",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
".",
"they",
"are",
"all",
"considered",
"to",
"be",
"relatively",
"intact",
"proto",
"##plane",
"##ts",
",",
"a",
"precursor",
"stage",
"before",
"becoming",
"a",
"fully",
"-",
"formed",
"planet",
"(",
"see",
"list",
"of",
"exceptional",
"asteroids",
")",
":",
"hilda",
"asteroids",
"are",
"in",
"a",
"3",
":",
"2",
"resonance",
"with",
"jupiter",
";",
"that",
"is",
",",
"they",
"go",
"around",
"the",
"sun",
"three",
"times",
"for",
"every",
"two",
"jo",
"##vian",
"orbits",
".",
"they",
"lie",
"in",
"three",
"linked",
"clusters",
"between",
"jupiter",
"and",
"the",
"main",
"asteroid",
"belt",
".",
"the",
"outer",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"home",
"to",
"the",
"giant",
"planets",
"and",
"their",
"large",
"moons",
".",
"the",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##s",
"and",
"many",
"short",
"-",
"period",
"comets",
"orbit",
"in",
"this",
"region",
".",
"due",
"to",
"their",
"greater",
"distance",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"the",
"solid",
"objects",
"in",
"the",
"outer",
"solar",
"system",
"contain",
"a",
"higher",
"proportion",
"of",
"volatile",
"##s",
",",
"such",
"as",
"water",
",",
"ammonia",
",",
"and",
"methane",
"than",
"those",
"of",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
"because",
"the",
"lower",
"temperatures",
"allow",
"these",
"compounds",
"to",
"remain",
"solid",
","
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 15,
"end_token_idx": 17,
"identifier": "/wiki/Frost_line_(astrophysics)",
"tokens": [
"frost",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 45,
"end_token_idx": 46,
"identifier": "/wiki/Natural_satellite",
"tokens": [
"moons"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 49,
"end_token_idx": 51,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planetary_ring",
"tokens": [
"ring",
"systems"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 57,
"end_token_idx": 60,
"identifier": "/wiki/Refractory_(planetary_science)",
"tokens": [
"ref",
"##rac",
"##tory"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 63,
"end_token_idx": 66,
"identifier": "/wiki/Silicates",
"tokens": [
"si",
"##lica",
"##tes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 70,
"end_token_idx": 72,
"identifier": "/wiki/Crust_(geology)",
"tokens": [
"crust",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 73,
"end_token_idx": 75,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mantle_(geology)",
"tokens": [
"mantle",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 86,
"end_token_idx": 87,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planetary_core",
"tokens": [
"cores"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 103,
"end_token_idx": 105,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atmosphere",
"tokens": [
"atmosphere",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 116,
"end_token_idx": 119,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tectonics",
"tokens": [
"te",
"##cton",
"##ic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 124,
"end_token_idx": 126,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rift_valley",
"tokens": [
"rift",
"valleys"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 141,
"end_token_idx": 145,
"identifier": "/wiki/Small_Solar_System_bodies",
"tokens": [
"small",
"solar",
"system",
"bodies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 150,
"end_token_idx": 152,
"identifier": "/wiki/Carbon",
"tokens": [
"carbon",
"##aceous"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 183,
"end_token_idx": 185,
"identifier": "/wiki/Asteroid_group",
"tokens": [
"asteroid",
"groups"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 186,
"end_token_idx": 187,
"identifier": "/wiki/Asteroid_family",
"tokens": [
"families"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 194,
"end_token_idx": 201,
"identifier": "/wiki/Minor-planet_moon",
"tokens": [
"asteroids",
"have",
"natural",
"satellites",
"that",
"orbit",
"them"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 212,
"end_token_idx": 214,
"identifier": "/wiki/Asteroid_belt",
"tokens": [
"asteroid",
"belt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 351,
"end_token_idx": 354,
"identifier": "/wiki/Protoplanet",
"tokens": [
"proto",
"##plane",
"##ts"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 367,
"end_token_idx": 371,
"identifier": "/wiki/List_of_exceptional_asteroids",
"tokens": [
"list",
"of",
"exceptional",
"asteroids"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 373,
"end_token_idx": 375,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hilda_asteroid",
"tokens": [
"hilda",
"asteroids"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 427,
"end_token_idx": 429,
"identifier": "/wiki/Giant_planet",
"tokens": [
"giant",
"planets"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 435,
"end_token_idx": 438,
"identifier": "/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)",
"tokens": [
"cent",
"##aur",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 440,
"end_token_idx": 444,
"identifier": "/wiki/Short-period_comet",
"tokens": [
"short",
"-",
"period",
"comets"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
3292,
2090,
1996,
20347,
1997,
13035,
1998,
14784,
1012,
2023,
2555,
2003,
2306,
1996,
10097,
2240,
1010,
2029,
2003,
1037,
2210,
2625,
2084,
1019,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1996,
2176,
12350,
2030,
5110,
11358,
2031,
9742,
1010,
6857,
9265,
1010,
2261,
2030,
2053,
23377,
1010,
1998,
2053,
3614,
3001,
1012,
2027,
2024,
3605,
4321,
1997,
25416,
22648,
7062,
13246,
2107,
2004,
9033,
19341,
4570,
1517,
2029,
2433,
2037,
19116,
2015,
1998,
16019,
2015,
1517,
1998,
11970,
2107,
2004,
3707,
1998,
15519,
2029,
2433,
2037,
25562,
1012,
2093,
1997,
1996,
2176,
5110,
11358,
1006,
11691,
1010,
3011,
1010,
1998,
7733,
1007,
2031,
7224,
2015,
6937,
2438,
2000,
9699,
4633,
1025,
2035,
2031,
4254,
27561,
1998,
8915,
28312,
2594,
3302,
2838,
1010,
2107,
2004,
16931,
12467,
1998,
23694,
1012,
26732,
3272,
2005,
1996,
2922,
1010,
8292,
6072,
1010,
2024,
6219,
2004,
2235,
5943,
2291,
4230,
1998,
2024,
3605,
3701,
1997,
6351,
25560,
1010,
25416,
22648,
7062,
6857,
1998,
12392,
13246,
1010,
2007,
2070,
3256,
1012,
2027,
2846,
2013,
1037,
2261,
5563,
2000,
5606,
1997,
7338,
1999,
2946,
1012,
2116,
26732,
2024,
4055,
2046,
12175,
2967,
1998,
2945,
2241,
2006,
2037,
13943,
6459,
1012,
2070,
26732,
2031,
3019,
14549,
2008,
8753,
2068,
1010,
2008,
2003,
1010,
26732,
2008,
8753,
3469,
26732,
1012,
1996,
12175,
5583,
14133,
1037,
17153,
2271,
1011,
5044,
2555,
2090,
1016,
1012,
1017,
1998,
1017,
1012,
1017,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2029,
3658,
2090,
1996,
20347,
1997,
7733,
1998,
13035,
1012,
2009,
2003,
2245,
2000,
2022,
11270,
2013,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1005,
1055,
4195,
2008,
3478,
2000,
5317,
2229,
3401,
2138,
1997,
1996,
19790,
11099,
1997,
13035,
1012,
1996,
12175,
5583,
3397,
15295,
1997,
5190,
1010,
4298,
8817,
1010,
1997,
5200,
2058,
2028,
20595,
1999,
6705,
1012,
2750,
2023,
1010,
1996,
2561,
3742,
1997,
1996,
12175,
5583,
2003,
9832,
2000,
2022,
2062,
2084,
1037,
4595,
2705,
1997,
2008,
1997,
3011,
1012,
1996,
12175,
5583,
2003,
2200,
24961,
10357,
1025,
12076,
19974,
3413,
2083,
2302,
5043,
1012,
2917,
2024,
1996,
13271,
1997,
1996,
2093,
2922,
4230,
1999,
1996,
12175,
5583,
1012,
2027,
2024,
2035,
2641,
2000,
2022,
4659,
10109,
15053,
11751,
3215,
1010,
1037,
14988,
2754,
2077,
3352,
1037,
3929,
1011,
2719,
4774,
1006,
2156,
2862,
1997,
11813,
26732,
1007,
1024,
21589,
26732,
2024,
1999,
1037,
1017,
1024,
1016,
17011,
2007,
13035,
1025,
2008,
2003,
1010,
2027,
2175,
2105,
1996,
3103,
2093,
2335,
2005,
2296,
2048,
8183,
18073,
20347,
1012,
2027,
4682,
1999,
2093,
5799,
12906,
2090,
13035,
1998,
1996,
2364,
12175,
5583,
1012,
1996,
6058,
2555,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
2188,
2000,
1996,
5016,
11358,
1998,
2037,
2312,
23377,
1012,
1996,
9358,
21159,
2015,
1998,
2116,
2460,
1011,
2558,
27138,
8753,
1999,
2023,
2555,
1012,
2349,
2000,
2037,
3618,
3292,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1010,
1996,
5024,
5200,
1999,
1996,
6058,
5943,
2291,
5383,
1037,
3020,
10817,
1997,
20606,
2015,
1010,
2107,
2004,
2300,
1010,
25874,
1010,
1998,
24481,
2084,
2216,
1997,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
2138,
1996,
2896,
7715,
3499,
2122,
10099,
2000,
3961,
5024,
1010,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"without",
"significant",
"rates",
"of",
"sub",
"##lim",
"##ation",
".",
"the",
"four",
"outer",
"planets",
",",
"called",
"giant",
"planets",
"or",
"jo",
"##vian",
"planets",
",",
"collectively",
"make",
"up",
"99",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"mass",
"known",
"to",
"orbit",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"[",
"h",
"]",
"all",
"four",
"giant",
"planets",
"have",
"multiple",
"moons",
"and",
"a",
"ring",
"system",
",",
"although",
"only",
"saturn",
"'",
"s",
"rings",
"are",
"easily",
"observed",
"from",
"earth",
".",
"jupiter",
"and",
"saturn",
"are",
"composed",
"mainly",
"of",
"gases",
"with",
"extremely",
"low",
"melting",
"points",
",",
"such",
"as",
"hydrogen",
",",
"helium",
",",
"and",
"neon",
",",
"hence",
"their",
"designation",
"as",
"gas",
"giants",
".",
"ur",
"##anus",
"and",
"neptune",
"are",
"ice",
"giants",
",",
"meaning",
"they",
"are",
"significantly",
"composed",
"of",
"'",
"ice",
"'",
"in",
"the",
"astronomical",
"sense",
",",
"as",
"in",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"with",
"melting",
"points",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"a",
"few",
"hundred",
"kelvin",
"##s",
"such",
"as",
"water",
",",
"methane",
",",
"ammonia",
",",
"hydrogen",
"sul",
"##fide",
",",
"and",
"carbon",
"dioxide",
".",
"icy",
"substances",
"comprise",
"the",
"majority",
"of",
"the",
"satellites",
"of",
"the",
"giant",
"planets",
"and",
"small",
"objects",
"that",
"lie",
"beyond",
"neptune",
"'",
"s",
"orbit",
".",
"the",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##s",
"are",
"icy",
"comet",
"-",
"like",
"bodies",
"whose",
"semi",
"-",
"major",
"axes",
"are",
"greater",
"than",
"jupiter",
"'",
"s",
"and",
"less",
"than",
"neptune",
"'",
"s",
"(",
"between",
"5",
".",
"5",
"and",
"30",
"au",
")",
".",
"these",
"are",
"former",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"and",
"scattered",
"disc",
"objects",
"(",
"sd",
"##os",
")",
"that",
"were",
"gravitational",
"##ly",
"per",
"##tur",
"##bed",
"closer",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
"by",
"the",
"outer",
"planets",
",",
"and",
"are",
"expected",
"to",
"become",
"comets",
"or",
"get",
"ejected",
"out",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
".",
"while",
"most",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##s",
"are",
"inactive",
"and",
"asteroid",
"-",
"like",
",",
"some",
"exhibit",
"clear",
"comet",
"##ary",
"activity",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"cent",
"##aur",
"discovered",
",",
"206",
"##0",
"chi",
"##ron",
",",
"which",
"has",
"been",
"classified",
"as",
"a",
"comet",
"(",
"95",
"##p",
")",
"because",
"it",
"develops",
"a",
"coma",
"just",
"as",
"comets",
"do",
"when",
"they",
"approach",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"the",
"largest",
"known",
"cent",
"##aur",
",",
"101",
"##9",
"##9",
"char",
"##ik",
"##lo",
",",
"has",
"a",
"diameter",
"of",
"about",
"250",
"km",
"(",
"160",
"mi",
")",
"and",
"is",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"only",
"few",
"minor",
"planets",
"known",
"to",
"possess",
"a",
"ring",
"system",
".",
"trojan",
"##s",
"are",
"bodies",
"located",
"in",
"within",
"another",
"body",
"'",
"s",
"gravitational",
"##ly",
"stable",
"la",
"##gra",
"##nge",
"points",
":",
"l",
"<",
"sub",
">",
"4",
"<",
"/",
"sub",
">",
",",
"60",
"##°",
"ahead",
"in",
"its",
"orbit",
",",
"or",
"l",
"<",
"sub",
">",
"5",
"<",
"/",
"sub",
">",
",",
"60",
"##°",
"behind",
"in",
"its",
"orbit",
".",
"every",
"planet",
"except",
"mercury",
"and",
"saturn",
"is",
"known",
"to",
"possess",
"at",
"least",
"1",
"trojan",
".",
"the",
"jupiter",
"trojan",
"population",
"is",
"roughly",
"equal",
"to",
"that",
"of",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
".",
"after",
"jupiter",
",",
"neptune",
"possesses",
"the",
"most",
"confirmed",
"trojan",
"##s",
",",
"at",
"28",
".",
"beyond",
"the",
"orbit",
"of",
"neptune",
"lies",
"the",
"area",
"of",
"the",
"\"",
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"region",
"\"",
",",
"with",
"the",
"dough",
"##nut",
"-",
"shaped",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
",",
"home",
"of",
"pluto",
"and",
"several",
"other",
"dwarf",
"planets",
",",
"and",
"an",
"overlapping",
"disc",
"of",
"scattered",
"objects",
",",
"which",
"is",
"tilted",
"toward",
"the",
"plane"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 4,
"end_token_idx": 7,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition)",
"tokens": [
"sub",
"##lim",
"##ation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 83,
"end_token_idx": 84,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neon",
"tokens": [
"neon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 89,
"end_token_idx": 91,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gas_giant",
"tokens": [
"gas",
"giants"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 97,
"end_token_idx": 99,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ice_giants",
"tokens": [
"ice",
"giants"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 106,
"end_token_idx": 113,
"identifier": "/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)",
"tokens": [
"'",
"ice",
"'",
"in",
"the",
"astronomical",
"sense"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 127,
"end_token_idx": 129,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kelvin",
"tokens": [
"kelvin",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 137,
"end_token_idx": 140,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide",
"tokens": [
"hydrogen",
"sul",
"##fide"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 142,
"end_token_idx": 144,
"identifier": "/wiki/Carbon_dioxide",
"tokens": [
"carbon",
"dioxide"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 183,
"identifier": "/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes",
"tokens": [
"semi",
"-",
"major",
"axes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 213,
"end_token_idx": 216,
"identifier": "/wiki/Scattered_disc",
"tokens": [
"scattered",
"disc",
"objects"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 224,
"end_token_idx": 227,
"identifier": "/wiki/Perturbation_(astronomy)",
"tokens": [
"per",
"##tur",
"##bed"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 282,
"identifier": "/wiki/2060_Chiron",
"tokens": [
"206",
"##0",
"chi",
"##ron"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 315,
"end_token_idx": 321,
"identifier": "/wiki/10199_Chariklo",
"tokens": [
"101",
"##9",
"##9",
"char",
"##ik",
"##lo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 349,
"end_token_idx": 351,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trojan_(celestial_body)",
"tokens": [
"trojan",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 363,
"end_token_idx": 367,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lagrangian_point",
"tokens": [
"la",
"##gra",
"##nge",
"points"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 368,
"end_token_idx": 377,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lagrange_point#L4_and_L5",
"tokens": [
"l",
"<",
"sub",
">",
"4",
"<",
"/",
"sub",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 386,
"end_token_idx": 395,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lagrange_point#L4_and_L5",
"tokens": [
"l",
"<",
"sub",
">",
"5",
"<",
"/",
"sub",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 419,
"end_token_idx": 421,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jupiter_trojan",
"tokens": [
"jupiter",
"trojan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 457,
"end_token_idx": 464,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object",
"tokens": [
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"region"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 496,
"end_token_idx": 500,
"identifier": "/wiki/Orbital_inclination",
"tokens": [
"tilted",
"toward",
"the",
"plane"
]
}
] | [
101,
2302,
3278,
6165,
1997,
4942,
17960,
3370,
1012,
1996,
2176,
6058,
11358,
1010,
2170,
5016,
11358,
2030,
8183,
18073,
11358,
1010,
13643,
2191,
2039,
5585,
1003,
1997,
1996,
3742,
2124,
2000,
8753,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1031,
1044,
1033,
2035,
2176,
5016,
11358,
2031,
3674,
23377,
1998,
1037,
3614,
2291,
1010,
2348,
2069,
14784,
1005,
1055,
7635,
2024,
4089,
5159,
2013,
3011,
1012,
13035,
1998,
14784,
2024,
3605,
3701,
1997,
15865,
2007,
5186,
2659,
13721,
2685,
1010,
2107,
2004,
9732,
1010,
22764,
1010,
1998,
16231,
1010,
6516,
2037,
8259,
2004,
3806,
7230,
1012,
24471,
20849,
1998,
21167,
2024,
3256,
7230,
1010,
3574,
2027,
2024,
6022,
3605,
1997,
1005,
3256,
1005,
1999,
1996,
13674,
3168,
1010,
2004,
1999,
5072,
10099,
2007,
13721,
2685,
1997,
2039,
2000,
1037,
2261,
3634,
24810,
2015,
2107,
2004,
2300,
1010,
24481,
1010,
25874,
1010,
9732,
21396,
20740,
1010,
1998,
6351,
14384,
1012,
13580,
13978,
15821,
1996,
3484,
1997,
1996,
14549,
1997,
1996,
5016,
11358,
1998,
2235,
5200,
2008,
4682,
3458,
21167,
1005,
1055,
8753,
1012,
1996,
9358,
21159,
2015,
2024,
13580,
15699,
1011,
2066,
4230,
3005,
4100,
1011,
2350,
19589,
2024,
3618,
2084,
13035,
1005,
1055,
1998,
2625,
2084,
21167,
1005,
1055,
1006,
2090,
1019,
1012,
1019,
1998,
2382,
8740,
1007,
1012,
2122,
2024,
2280,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1998,
7932,
5860,
5200,
1006,
17371,
2891,
1007,
2008,
2020,
19790,
2135,
2566,
20689,
8270,
3553,
2000,
1996,
3103,
2011,
1996,
6058,
11358,
1010,
1998,
2024,
3517,
2000,
2468,
27138,
2030,
2131,
22607,
2041,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1012,
2096,
2087,
9358,
21159,
2015,
2024,
16389,
1998,
12175,
1011,
2066,
1010,
2070,
8327,
3154,
15699,
5649,
4023,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1996,
2034,
9358,
21159,
3603,
1010,
18744,
2692,
9610,
4948,
1010,
2029,
2038,
2042,
6219,
2004,
1037,
15699,
1006,
5345,
2361,
1007,
2138,
2009,
11791,
1037,
16571,
2074,
2004,
27138,
2079,
2043,
2027,
3921,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1996,
2922,
2124,
9358,
21159,
1010,
7886,
2683,
2683,
25869,
5480,
4135,
1010,
2038,
1037,
6705,
1997,
2055,
5539,
2463,
1006,
8148,
2771,
1007,
1998,
2003,
2028,
1997,
1996,
2069,
2261,
3576,
11358,
2124,
2000,
10295,
1037,
3614,
2291,
1012,
23445,
2015,
2024,
4230,
2284,
1999,
2306,
2178,
2303,
1005,
1055,
19790,
2135,
6540,
2474,
17643,
15465,
2685,
1024,
1048,
1026,
4942,
1028,
1018,
1026,
1013,
4942,
1028,
1010,
3438,
7737,
3805,
1999,
2049,
8753,
1010,
2030,
1048,
1026,
4942,
1028,
1019,
1026,
1013,
4942,
1028,
1010,
3438,
7737,
2369,
1999,
2049,
8753,
1012,
2296,
4774,
3272,
8714,
1998,
14784,
2003,
2124,
2000,
10295,
2012,
2560,
1015,
23445,
1012,
1996,
13035,
23445,
2313,
2003,
5560,
5020,
2000,
2008,
1997,
1996,
12175,
5583,
1012,
2044,
13035,
1010,
21167,
14882,
1996,
2087,
4484,
23445,
2015,
1010,
2012,
2654,
1012,
3458,
1996,
8753,
1997,
21167,
3658,
1996,
2181,
1997,
1996,
1000,
9099,
1011,
11265,
13876,
19496,
2319,
2555,
1000,
1010,
2007,
1996,
23126,
24072,
1011,
5044,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1010,
2188,
1997,
26930,
1998,
2195,
2060,
11229,
11358,
1010,
1998,
2019,
20567,
5860,
1997,
7932,
5200,
1010,
2029,
2003,
9939,
2646,
1996,
4946,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"and",
"reaches",
"much",
"further",
"out",
"than",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
".",
"the",
"entire",
"region",
"is",
"still",
"largely",
"une",
"##x",
"##pl",
"##ored",
".",
"it",
"appears",
"to",
"consist",
"overwhelmingly",
"of",
"many",
"thousands",
"of",
"small",
"worlds",
"—",
"the",
"largest",
"having",
"a",
"diameter",
"only",
"a",
"fifth",
"that",
"of",
"earth",
"and",
"a",
"mass",
"far",
"smaller",
"than",
"that",
"of",
"the",
"moon",
"—",
"composed",
"mainly",
"of",
"rock",
"and",
"ice",
".",
"this",
"region",
"is",
"sometimes",
"described",
"as",
"the",
"\"",
"third",
"zone",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"\"",
",",
"en",
"##cl",
"##osing",
"the",
"inner",
"and",
"the",
"outer",
"solar",
"system",
".",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"is",
"a",
"great",
"ring",
"of",
"debris",
"similar",
"to",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
",",
"but",
"consisting",
"mainly",
"of",
"objects",
"composed",
"primarily",
"of",
"ice",
".",
"it",
"extends",
"between",
"30",
"and",
"50",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"it",
"is",
"composed",
"mainly",
"of",
"small",
"solar",
"system",
"bodies",
",",
"although",
"the",
"largest",
"few",
"are",
"probably",
"large",
"enough",
"to",
"be",
"dwarf",
"planets",
".",
"there",
"are",
"estimated",
"to",
"be",
"over",
"100",
",",
"000",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"objects",
"with",
"a",
"diameter",
"greater",
"than",
"50",
"km",
"(",
"30",
"mi",
")",
",",
"but",
"the",
"total",
"mass",
"of",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"is",
"thought",
"to",
"be",
"only",
"a",
"tenth",
"or",
"even",
"a",
"hundred",
"##th",
"the",
"mass",
"of",
"earth",
".",
"many",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"objects",
"have",
"satellites",
",",
"and",
"most",
"have",
"orbits",
"that",
"are",
"substantially",
"inclined",
"(",
"~",
"10",
"##°",
")",
"to",
"the",
"plane",
"of",
"the",
"ec",
"##lip",
"##tic",
".",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"can",
"be",
"roughly",
"divided",
"into",
"the",
"\"",
"classical",
"\"",
"belt",
"and",
"the",
"res",
"##ona",
"##nt",
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"objects",
".",
"the",
"latter",
"have",
"orbits",
"whose",
"periods",
"are",
"in",
"a",
"simple",
"ratio",
"to",
"that",
"of",
"neptune",
":",
"for",
"example",
",",
"going",
"around",
"the",
"sun",
"twice",
"for",
"every",
"three",
"times",
"that",
"neptune",
"does",
",",
"or",
"once",
"for",
"every",
"two",
".",
"the",
"classical",
"belt",
"consists",
"of",
"objects",
"having",
"no",
"resonance",
"with",
"neptune",
",",
"and",
"extends",
"from",
"roughly",
"39",
".",
"4",
"to",
"47",
".",
"7",
"au",
".",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"classical",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"are",
"sometimes",
"called",
"\"",
"cube",
"##wan",
"##os",
"\"",
",",
"after",
"the",
"first",
"of",
"their",
"kind",
"to",
"be",
"discovered",
",",
"originally",
"designated",
"1992",
"<",
"i",
">",
"qb",
"<",
"sub",
">",
"1",
"<",
"/",
"sub",
">",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
",",
"(",
"and",
"has",
"since",
"been",
"named",
"albion",
")",
";",
"they",
"are",
"still",
"in",
"near",
"pri",
"##mo",
"##rdial",
",",
"low",
"-",
"eccentric",
"##ity",
"orbits",
".",
"currently",
",",
"there",
"is",
"strong",
"consensus",
"among",
"astronomers",
"that",
"five",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"are",
"dwarf",
"planets",
".",
"many",
"dwarf",
"planet",
"candidates",
"are",
"being",
"considered",
",",
"pending",
"further",
"data",
"for",
"verification",
".",
"the",
"scattered",
"disc",
",",
"which",
"overlap",
"##s",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"but",
"extends",
"out",
"to",
"near",
"500",
"au",
",",
"is",
"thought",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"source",
"of",
"short",
"-",
"period",
"comets",
".",
"scattered",
"-",
"disc",
"objects",
"are",
"believed",
"to",
"have",
"been",
"per",
"##tur",
"##bed",
"into",
"erratic",
"orbits",
"by",
"the",
"gravitational",
"influence",
"of",
"neptune",
"'",
"s",
"early",
"outward",
"migration",
".",
"most",
"scattered",
"disc",
"objects"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 21,
"end_token_idx": 26,
"identifier": "/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration",
"tokens": [
"largely",
"une",
"##x",
"##pl",
"##ored"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 252,
"end_token_idx": 253,
"identifier": "/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object",
"tokens": [
"classical"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 257,
"end_token_idx": 267,
"identifier": "/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object",
"tokens": [
"res",
"##ona",
"##nt",
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"objects"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 360,
"end_token_idx": 377,
"identifier": "/wiki/15760_Albion",
"tokens": [
"1992",
"<",
"i",
">",
"qb",
"<",
"sub",
">",
"1",
"<",
"/",
"sub",
">",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 489,
"end_token_idx": 495,
"identifier": "/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System#Planetary_migration",
"tokens": [
"neptune",
"'",
"s",
"early",
"outward",
"migration"
]
}
] | [
101,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1998,
6561,
2172,
2582,
2041,
2084,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1012,
1996,
2972,
2555,
2003,
2145,
4321,
16655,
2595,
24759,
19574,
1012,
2009,
3544,
2000,
8676,
24783,
1997,
2116,
5190,
1997,
2235,
8484,
1517,
1996,
2922,
2383,
1037,
6705,
2069,
1037,
3587,
2008,
1997,
3011,
1998,
1037,
3742,
2521,
3760,
2084,
2008,
1997,
1996,
4231,
1517,
3605,
3701,
1997,
2600,
1998,
3256,
1012,
2023,
2555,
2003,
2823,
2649,
2004,
1996,
1000,
2353,
4224,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1000,
1010,
4372,
20464,
18606,
1996,
5110,
1998,
1996,
6058,
5943,
2291,
1012,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
2003,
1037,
2307,
3614,
1997,
11385,
2714,
2000,
1996,
12175,
5583,
1010,
2021,
5398,
3701,
1997,
5200,
3605,
3952,
1997,
3256,
1012,
2009,
8908,
2090,
2382,
1998,
2753,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1012,
2009,
2003,
3605,
3701,
1997,
2235,
5943,
2291,
4230,
1010,
2348,
1996,
2922,
2261,
2024,
2763,
2312,
2438,
2000,
2022,
11229,
11358,
1012,
2045,
2024,
4358,
2000,
2022,
2058,
2531,
1010,
2199,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
5200,
2007,
1037,
6705,
3618,
2084,
2753,
2463,
1006,
2382,
2771,
1007,
1010,
2021,
1996,
2561,
3742,
1997,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
2003,
2245,
2000,
2022,
2069,
1037,
7891,
2030,
2130,
1037,
3634,
2705,
1996,
3742,
1997,
3011,
1012,
2116,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
5200,
2031,
14549,
1010,
1998,
2087,
2031,
20347,
2008,
2024,
12381,
13050,
1006,
1066,
2184,
7737,
1007,
2000,
1996,
4946,
1997,
1996,
14925,
15000,
4588,
1012,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
2064,
2022,
5560,
4055,
2046,
1996,
1000,
4556,
1000,
5583,
1998,
1996,
24501,
7856,
3372,
9099,
1011,
11265,
13876,
19496,
2319,
5200,
1012,
1996,
3732,
2031,
20347,
3005,
6993,
2024,
1999,
1037,
3722,
6463,
2000,
2008,
1997,
21167,
1024,
2005,
2742,
1010,
2183,
2105,
1996,
3103,
3807,
2005,
2296,
2093,
2335,
2008,
21167,
2515,
1010,
2030,
2320,
2005,
2296,
2048,
1012,
1996,
4556,
5583,
3774,
1997,
5200,
2383,
2053,
17011,
2007,
21167,
1010,
1998,
8908,
2013,
5560,
4464,
1012,
1018,
2000,
4700,
1012,
1021,
8740,
1012,
2372,
1997,
1996,
4556,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
2024,
2823,
2170,
1000,
14291,
7447,
2891,
1000,
1010,
2044,
1996,
2034,
1997,
2037,
2785,
2000,
2022,
3603,
1010,
2761,
4351,
2826,
1026,
1045,
1028,
26171,
1026,
4942,
1028,
1015,
1026,
1013,
4942,
1028,
1026,
1013,
1045,
1028,
1010,
1006,
1998,
2038,
2144,
2042,
2315,
13392,
1007,
1025,
2027,
2024,
2145,
1999,
2379,
26927,
5302,
25070,
1010,
2659,
1011,
18080,
3012,
20347,
1012,
2747,
1010,
2045,
2003,
2844,
10465,
2426,
26357,
2008,
2274,
2372,
1997,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
2024,
11229,
11358,
1012,
2116,
11229,
4774,
5347,
2024,
2108,
2641,
1010,
14223,
2582,
2951,
2005,
22616,
1012,
1996,
7932,
5860,
1010,
2029,
17702,
2015,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
2021,
8908,
2041,
2000,
2379,
3156,
8740,
1010,
2003,
2245,
2000,
2022,
1996,
3120,
1997,
2460,
1011,
2558,
27138,
1012,
7932,
1011,
5860,
5200,
2024,
3373,
2000,
2031,
2042,
2566,
20689,
8270,
2046,
24122,
20347,
2011,
1996,
19790,
3747,
1997,
21167,
1005,
1055,
2220,
15436,
9230,
1012,
2087,
7932,
5860,
5200,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"have",
"per",
"##ih",
"##elia",
"within",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"but",
"ap",
"##hel",
"##ia",
"far",
"beyond",
"it",
"(",
"some",
"more",
"than",
"150",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
")",
".",
"sd",
"##os",
"'",
"orbits",
"can",
"be",
"inclined",
"up",
"to",
"46",
".",
"8",
"##°",
"from",
"the",
"ec",
"##lip",
"##tic",
"plane",
".",
"some",
"astronomers",
"consider",
"the",
"scattered",
"disc",
"to",
"be",
"merely",
"another",
"region",
"of",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"and",
"describe",
"scattered",
"-",
"disc",
"objects",
"as",
"\"",
"scattered",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"objects",
"\"",
".",
"some",
"astronomers",
"classify",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##s",
"as",
"inward",
"-",
"scattered",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
"objects",
"along",
"with",
"the",
"outward",
"-",
"scattered",
"residents",
"of",
"the",
"scattered",
"disc",
".",
"currently",
",",
"there",
"is",
"strong",
"consensus",
"among",
"astronomers",
"that",
"two",
"of",
"the",
"bodies",
"in",
"the",
"scattered",
"disc",
"are",
"dwarf",
"planets",
":",
"some",
"objects",
"in",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"have",
"a",
"very",
"large",
"orbit",
",",
"and",
"therefore",
"are",
"much",
"less",
"affected",
"by",
"the",
"known",
"giant",
"planets",
"than",
"other",
"minor",
"planet",
"populations",
".",
"these",
"bodies",
"are",
"called",
"extreme",
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"objects",
",",
"or",
"et",
"##nos",
"for",
"short",
".",
"generally",
",",
"et",
"##nos",
"'",
"semi",
"-",
"major",
"axes",
"are",
"at",
"least",
"150",
"–",
"250",
"au",
"wide",
".",
"for",
"example",
",",
"54",
"##11",
"##32",
"le",
"##lea",
"##ku",
"##hon",
"##ua",
"orbits",
"the",
"sun",
"once",
"every",
"~",
"32",
",",
"000",
"years",
",",
"with",
"a",
"distance",
"of",
"65",
"–",
"2000",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"[",
"d",
"11",
"]",
"this",
"population",
"is",
"divided",
"into",
"three",
"subgroup",
"##s",
"by",
"astronomers",
".",
"the",
"scattered",
"et",
"##nos",
"have",
"per",
"##ih",
"##elia",
"around",
"38",
"–",
"45",
"au",
"and",
"an",
"exceptionally",
"high",
"eccentric",
"##ity",
"of",
"more",
"than",
"0",
".",
"85",
".",
"as",
"with",
"the",
"regular",
"scattered",
"disc",
"objects",
",",
"they",
"were",
"likely",
"formed",
"as",
"result",
"of",
"gravitational",
"scattering",
"by",
"neptune",
"and",
"still",
"interact",
"with",
"the",
"giant",
"planets",
".",
"the",
"detached",
"et",
"##nos",
",",
"with",
"per",
"##ih",
"##elia",
"approximately",
"between",
"40",
"–",
"45",
"and",
"50",
"–",
"60",
"au",
",",
"are",
"less",
"affected",
"by",
"neptune",
"than",
"the",
"scattered",
"et",
"##nos",
",",
"but",
"are",
"still",
"relatively",
"close",
"to",
"neptune",
".",
"the",
"se",
"##d",
"##no",
"##ids",
"or",
"inner",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
"objects",
",",
"with",
"per",
"##ih",
"##elia",
"beyond",
"50",
"–",
"60",
"au",
",",
"are",
"too",
"far",
"from",
"neptune",
"to",
"be",
"strongly",
"influenced",
"by",
"it",
".",
"currently",
",",
"there",
"is",
"one",
"et",
"##no",
"that",
"is",
"classified",
"as",
"a",
"dwarf",
"planet",
":",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"stellar",
"-",
"wind",
"bubble",
",",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere",
",",
"a",
"region",
"of",
"space",
"dominated",
"by",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"has",
"its",
"boundary",
"at",
"the",
"termination",
"shock",
".",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"peculiar",
"motion",
"relative",
"to",
"the",
"local",
"standard",
"of",
"rest",
",",
"this",
"boundary",
"is",
"roughly",
"80",
"–",
"100",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"up",
"##wind",
"of",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium",
"and",
"roughly",
"200",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"down",
"##wind",
".",
"here",
"the",
"solar",
"wind",
"col",
"##lide",
"##s",
"with",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium",
"and",
"dramatically",
"slow",
"##s",
",",
"conde",
"##nse",
"##s",
"and",
"becomes",
"more",
"turbulent",
",",
"forming",
"a",
"great",
"oval",
"structure",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sh",
"##ea",
"##th",
".",
"the"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 182,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Semi-major_axis",
"tokens": [
"semi",
"-",
"major",
"axes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 198,
"end_token_idx": 206,
"identifier": "/wiki/541132_Lele%C4%81k%C5%ABhonua",
"tokens": [
"54",
"##11",
"##32",
"le",
"##lea",
"##ku",
"##hon",
"##ua"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 245,
"end_token_idx": 246,
"identifier": "/wiki/Scattered_disc_object",
"tokens": [
"scattered"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 249,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/Perihelia",
"tokens": [
"per",
"##ih",
"##elia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 263,
"identifier": "/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity",
"tokens": [
"eccentric",
"##ity"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 285,
"end_token_idx": 287,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planetary_migration#Gravitational_scattering",
"tokens": [
"gravitational",
"scattering"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 298,
"end_token_idx": 299,
"identifier": "/wiki/Detached_object",
"tokens": [
"detached"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 337,
"end_token_idx": 341,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sednoid",
"tokens": [
"se",
"##d",
"##no",
"##ids"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 342,
"end_token_idx": 346,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hills_Cloud",
"tokens": [
"inner",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 389,
"end_token_idx": 393,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stellar-wind_bubble",
"tokens": [
"stellar",
"-",
"wind",
"bubble"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 395,
"end_token_idx": 398,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heliosphere",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 422,
"end_token_idx": 424,
"identifier": "/wiki/Peculiar_motion",
"tokens": [
"peculiar",
"motion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 427,
"end_token_idx": 431,
"identifier": "/wiki/Local_standard_of_rest",
"tokens": [
"local",
"standard",
"of",
"rest"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 493,
"end_token_idx": 498,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heliosheath",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##lio",
"##sh",
"##ea",
"##th"
]
}
] | [
101,
2031,
2566,
19190,
13902,
2306,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
2021,
9706,
16001,
2401,
2521,
3458,
2009,
1006,
2070,
2062,
2084,
5018,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1007,
1012,
17371,
2891,
1005,
20347,
2064,
2022,
13050,
2039,
2000,
4805,
1012,
1022,
7737,
2013,
1996,
14925,
15000,
4588,
4946,
1012,
2070,
26357,
5136,
1996,
7932,
5860,
2000,
2022,
6414,
2178,
2555,
1997,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1998,
6235,
7932,
1011,
5860,
5200,
2004,
1000,
7932,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
5200,
1000,
1012,
2070,
26357,
26268,
9358,
21159,
2015,
2004,
20546,
1011,
7932,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
5200,
2247,
2007,
1996,
15436,
1011,
7932,
3901,
1997,
1996,
7932,
5860,
1012,
2747,
1010,
2045,
2003,
2844,
10465,
2426,
26357,
2008,
2048,
1997,
1996,
4230,
1999,
1996,
7932,
5860,
2024,
11229,
11358,
1024,
2070,
5200,
1999,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2031,
1037,
2200,
2312,
8753,
1010,
1998,
3568,
2024,
2172,
2625,
5360,
2011,
1996,
2124,
5016,
11358,
2084,
2060,
3576,
4774,
7080,
1012,
2122,
4230,
2024,
2170,
6034,
9099,
1011,
11265,
13876,
19496,
2319,
5200,
1010,
2030,
3802,
15460,
2005,
2460,
1012,
3227,
1010,
3802,
15460,
1005,
4100,
1011,
2350,
19589,
2024,
2012,
2560,
5018,
1516,
5539,
8740,
2898,
1012,
2005,
2742,
1010,
5139,
14526,
16703,
3393,
19738,
5283,
8747,
6692,
20347,
1996,
3103,
2320,
2296,
1066,
3590,
1010,
2199,
2086,
1010,
2007,
1037,
3292,
1997,
3515,
1516,
2456,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1031,
1040,
2340,
1033,
2023,
2313,
2003,
4055,
2046,
2093,
20576,
2015,
2011,
26357,
1012,
1996,
7932,
3802,
15460,
2031,
2566,
19190,
13902,
2105,
4229,
1516,
3429,
8740,
1998,
2019,
17077,
2152,
18080,
3012,
1997,
2062,
2084,
1014,
1012,
5594,
1012,
2004,
2007,
1996,
3180,
7932,
5860,
5200,
1010,
2027,
2020,
3497,
2719,
2004,
2765,
1997,
19790,
17501,
2011,
21167,
1998,
2145,
11835,
2007,
1996,
5016,
11358,
1012,
1996,
12230,
3802,
15460,
1010,
2007,
2566,
19190,
13902,
3155,
2090,
2871,
1516,
3429,
1998,
2753,
1516,
3438,
8740,
1010,
2024,
2625,
5360,
2011,
21167,
2084,
1996,
7932,
3802,
15460,
1010,
2021,
2024,
2145,
4659,
2485,
2000,
21167,
1012,
1996,
7367,
2094,
3630,
9821,
2030,
5110,
1051,
11589,
6112,
5200,
1010,
2007,
2566,
19190,
13902,
3458,
2753,
1516,
3438,
8740,
1010,
2024,
2205,
2521,
2013,
21167,
2000,
2022,
6118,
5105,
2011,
2009,
1012,
2747,
1010,
2045,
2003,
2028,
3802,
3630,
2008,
2003,
6219,
2004,
1037,
11229,
4774,
1024,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
17227,
1011,
3612,
11957,
1010,
1996,
2002,
12798,
23874,
1010,
1037,
2555,
1997,
2686,
6817,
2011,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2038,
2049,
6192,
2012,
1996,
18287,
5213,
1012,
2241,
2006,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
14099,
4367,
5816,
2000,
1996,
2334,
3115,
1997,
2717,
1010,
2023,
6192,
2003,
5560,
3770,
1516,
2531,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
2039,
11101,
1997,
1996,
6970,
29028,
5396,
1998,
5560,
3263,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
2091,
11101,
1012,
2182,
1996,
5943,
3612,
8902,
24198,
2015,
2007,
1996,
6970,
29028,
5396,
1998,
12099,
4030,
2015,
1010,
24707,
12325,
2015,
1998,
4150,
2062,
22609,
1010,
5716,
1037,
2307,
9242,
3252,
2124,
2004,
1996,
2002,
12798,
4095,
5243,
2705,
1012,
1996,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"he",
"##lio",
"##sh",
"##ea",
"##th",
"has",
"been",
"theo",
"##rized",
"to",
"look",
"and",
"behave",
"very",
"much",
"like",
"a",
"comet",
"'",
"s",
"tail",
",",
"extending",
"outward",
"for",
"a",
"further",
"40",
"au",
"on",
"the",
"up",
"##wind",
"side",
"but",
"tail",
"##ing",
"many",
"times",
"that",
"distance",
"down",
"##wind",
".",
"evidence",
"from",
"the",
"cass",
"##ini",
"and",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"boundary",
"explorer",
"spacecraft",
"has",
"suggested",
"that",
"it",
"is",
"forced",
"into",
"a",
"bubble",
"shape",
"by",
"the",
"con",
"##stra",
"##ining",
"action",
"of",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"magnetic",
"field",
",",
"but",
"the",
"actual",
"shape",
"remains",
"unknown",
".",
"the",
"shape",
"and",
"form",
"of",
"the",
"outer",
"edge",
"of",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##sphere",
"is",
"likely",
"affected",
"by",
"the",
"fluid",
"dynamics",
"of",
"interactions",
"with",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"solar",
"magnetic",
"fields",
"prevailing",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"e",
".",
"g",
".",
"it",
"is",
"blunt",
"##ly",
"shaped",
"with",
"the",
"northern",
"hemisphere",
"extending",
"9",
"au",
"farther",
"than",
"the",
"southern",
"hemisphere",
".",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##pa",
"##use",
"is",
"considered",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium",
".",
"beyond",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##pa",
"##use",
",",
"at",
"around",
"230",
"au",
",",
"lies",
"the",
"bow",
"shock",
":",
"a",
"plasma",
"\"",
"wake",
"\"",
"left",
"by",
"the",
"sun",
"as",
"it",
"travels",
"through",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
".",
"large",
"objects",
"outside",
"the",
"he",
"##lio",
"##pa",
"##use",
"remain",
"gravitational",
"##ly",
"bound",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"but",
"the",
"flow",
"of",
"matter",
"in",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium",
"homo",
"##gen",
"##izes",
"the",
"distribution",
"of",
"micro",
"-",
"scale",
"objects",
".",
"comets",
"are",
"small",
"solar",
"system",
"bodies",
",",
"typically",
"only",
"a",
"few",
"kilometers",
"across",
",",
"composed",
"largely",
"of",
"volatile",
"ice",
"##s",
".",
"they",
"have",
"highly",
"eccentric",
"orbits",
",",
"generally",
"a",
"per",
"##ih",
"##eli",
"##on",
"within",
"the",
"orbits",
"of",
"the",
"inner",
"planets",
"and",
"an",
"ap",
"##hel",
"##ion",
"far",
"beyond",
"pluto",
".",
"when",
"a",
"comet",
"enters",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"its",
"proximity",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
"causes",
"its",
"icy",
"surface",
"to",
"sub",
"##lim",
"##ate",
"and",
"ion",
"##ise",
",",
"creating",
"a",
"coma",
":",
"a",
"long",
"tail",
"of",
"gas",
"and",
"dust",
"often",
"visible",
"to",
"the",
"naked",
"eye",
".",
"short",
"-",
"period",
"comets",
"have",
"orbits",
"lasting",
"less",
"than",
"two",
"hundred",
"years",
".",
"long",
"-",
"period",
"comets",
"have",
"orbits",
"lasting",
"thousands",
"of",
"years",
".",
"short",
"-",
"period",
"comets",
"are",
"thought",
"to",
"originate",
"in",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
",",
"whereas",
"long",
"-",
"period",
"comets",
",",
"such",
"as",
"hale",
"–",
"bop",
"##p",
",",
"are",
"thought",
"to",
"originate",
"in",
"the",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
".",
"many",
"comet",
"groups",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"k",
"##re",
"##utz",
"sung",
"##raz",
"##ers",
",",
"formed",
"from",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"a",
"single",
"parent",
".",
"some",
"comets",
"with",
"hyper",
"##bolic",
"orbits",
"may",
"originate",
"outside",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"but",
"determining",
"their",
"precise",
"orbits",
"is",
"difficult",
".",
"old",
"comets",
"whose",
"volatile",
"##s",
"have",
"mostly",
"been",
"driven",
"out",
"by",
"solar",
"warming",
"are",
"often",
"categorized",
"as",
"asteroids",
".",
"solid",
"objects",
"smaller",
"than",
"one",
"meter",
"are",
"usually",
"called",
"meteor",
"##oids",
"and",
"micro",
"##met",
"##eo",
"##roids",
"(",
"grain",
"-",
"sized",
")",
",",
"with",
"the",
"exact",
"division",
"between",
"the",
"two",
"categories",
"being",
"debated",
"over",
"the",
"years",
".",
"by",
"2017",
",",
"the",
"ia",
"##u",
"designated",
"any",
"solid",
"object",
"having",
"a",
"diameter",
"between",
"~"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 49,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cassini_(spacecraft)",
"tokens": [
"cass",
"##ini"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 50,
"end_token_idx": 54,
"identifier": "/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer",
"tokens": [
"inter",
"##stellar",
"boundary",
"explorer"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 103,
"end_token_idx": 105,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fluid_dynamics",
"tokens": [
"fluid",
"dynamics"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 115,
"end_token_idx": 118,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_magnetic_field",
"tokens": [
"solar",
"magnetic",
"fields"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 174,
"end_token_idx": 176,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bow_shock",
"tokens": [
"bow",
"shock"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 233,
"end_token_idx": 237,
"identifier": "/wiki/Small_Solar_System_bodies",
"tokens": [
"small",
"solar",
"system",
"bodies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 299,
"end_token_idx": 302,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sublimation_(chemistry)",
"tokens": [
"sub",
"##lim",
"##ate"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 305,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ion",
"tokens": [
"ion",
"##ise"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 308,
"end_token_idx": 309,
"identifier": "/wiki/Coma_(cometary)",
"tokens": [
"coma"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 371,
"end_token_idx": 375,
"identifier": "/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp",
"tokens": [
"hale",
"–",
"bop",
"##p"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 393,
"end_token_idx": 399,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kreutz_sungrazer",
"tokens": [
"k",
"##re",
"##utz",
"sung",
"##raz",
"##ers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 412,
"end_token_idx": 414,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hyperbolic_trajectory",
"tokens": [
"hyper",
"##bolic"
]
}
] | [
101,
2002,
12798,
4095,
5243,
2705,
2038,
2042,
14833,
18425,
2000,
2298,
1998,
16582,
2200,
2172,
2066,
1037,
15699,
1005,
1055,
5725,
1010,
8402,
15436,
2005,
1037,
2582,
2871,
8740,
2006,
1996,
2039,
11101,
2217,
2021,
5725,
2075,
2116,
2335,
2008,
3292,
2091,
11101,
1012,
3350,
2013,
1996,
16220,
5498,
1998,
6970,
29028,
6192,
10566,
12076,
2038,
4081,
2008,
2009,
2003,
3140,
2046,
1037,
11957,
4338,
2011,
1996,
9530,
20528,
24002,
2895,
1997,
1996,
6970,
29028,
8060,
2492,
1010,
2021,
1996,
5025,
4338,
3464,
4242,
1012,
1996,
4338,
1998,
2433,
1997,
1996,
6058,
3341,
1997,
1996,
2002,
12798,
23874,
2003,
3497,
5360,
2011,
1996,
8331,
10949,
1997,
10266,
2007,
1996,
6970,
29028,
5396,
2004,
2092,
2004,
5943,
8060,
4249,
19283,
2000,
1996,
2148,
1010,
1041,
1012,
1043,
1012,
2009,
2003,
14969,
2135,
5044,
2007,
1996,
2642,
14130,
8402,
1023,
8740,
8736,
2084,
1996,
2670,
14130,
1012,
1996,
2002,
12798,
4502,
8557,
2003,
2641,
1996,
2927,
1997,
1996,
6970,
29028,
5396,
1012,
3458,
1996,
2002,
12798,
4502,
8557,
1010,
2012,
2105,
11816,
8740,
1010,
3658,
1996,
6812,
5213,
1024,
1037,
12123,
1000,
5256,
1000,
2187,
2011,
1996,
3103,
2004,
2009,
7930,
2083,
1996,
21582,
2126,
1012,
2312,
5200,
2648,
1996,
2002,
12798,
4502,
8557,
3961,
19790,
2135,
5391,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2021,
1996,
4834,
1997,
3043,
1999,
1996,
6970,
29028,
5396,
24004,
6914,
10057,
1996,
4353,
1997,
12702,
1011,
4094,
5200,
1012,
27138,
2024,
2235,
5943,
2291,
4230,
1010,
4050,
2069,
1037,
2261,
7338,
2408,
1010,
3605,
4321,
1997,
20606,
3256,
2015,
1012,
2027,
2031,
3811,
18080,
20347,
1010,
3227,
1037,
2566,
19190,
20806,
2239,
2306,
1996,
20347,
1997,
1996,
5110,
11358,
1998,
2019,
9706,
16001,
3258,
2521,
3458,
26930,
1012,
2043,
1037,
15699,
8039,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
1010,
2049,
10039,
2000,
1996,
3103,
5320,
2049,
13580,
3302,
2000,
4942,
17960,
3686,
1998,
10163,
5562,
1010,
4526,
1037,
16571,
1024,
1037,
2146,
5725,
1997,
3806,
1998,
6497,
2411,
5710,
2000,
1996,
6248,
3239,
1012,
2460,
1011,
2558,
27138,
2031,
20347,
9879,
2625,
2084,
2048,
3634,
2086,
1012,
2146,
1011,
2558,
27138,
2031,
20347,
9879,
5190,
1997,
2086,
1012,
2460,
1011,
2558,
27138,
2024,
2245,
2000,
21754,
1999,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1010,
6168,
2146,
1011,
2558,
27138,
1010,
2107,
2004,
13084,
1516,
29432,
2361,
1010,
2024,
2245,
2000,
21754,
1999,
1996,
1051,
11589,
6112,
1012,
2116,
15699,
2967,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1996,
1047,
2890,
20267,
7042,
20409,
2545,
1010,
2719,
2013,
1996,
19010,
1997,
1037,
2309,
6687,
1012,
2070,
27138,
2007,
23760,
18647,
20347,
2089,
21754,
2648,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1010,
2021,
12515,
2037,
10480,
20347,
2003,
3697,
1012,
2214,
27138,
3005,
20606,
2015,
2031,
3262,
2042,
5533,
2041,
2011,
5943,
12959,
2024,
2411,
20427,
2004,
26732,
1012,
5024,
5200,
3760,
2084,
2028,
8316,
2024,
2788,
2170,
23879,
17086,
1998,
12702,
11368,
8780,
29514,
1006,
8982,
1011,
7451,
1007,
1010,
2007,
1996,
6635,
2407,
2090,
1996,
2048,
7236,
2108,
15268,
2058,
1996,
2086,
1012,
2011,
2418,
1010,
1996,
24264,
2226,
4351,
2151,
5024,
4874,
2383,
1037,
6705,
2090,
1066,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"30",
"micro",
"##meter",
"##s",
"and",
"1",
"meter",
"as",
"meteor",
"##oids",
",",
"and",
"de",
"##pre",
"##cia",
"##ted",
"the",
"micro",
"##met",
"##eo",
"##roid",
"cat",
"##ego",
"##rization",
",",
"instead",
"terms",
"smaller",
"particles",
"simply",
"as",
"'",
"dust",
"particles",
"'",
".",
"some",
"meteor",
"##oids",
"formed",
"via",
"di",
"##sin",
"##te",
"##gration",
"of",
"comets",
"and",
"asteroids",
",",
"while",
"a",
"few",
"formed",
"via",
"impact",
"debris",
"ejected",
"from",
"planetary",
"bodies",
".",
"most",
"meteor",
"##oids",
"are",
"made",
"of",
"si",
"##lica",
"##tes",
"and",
"heavier",
"metals",
"like",
"nickel",
"and",
"iron",
".",
"when",
"passing",
"through",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"comets",
"produce",
"a",
"trail",
"of",
"meteor",
"##oids",
";",
"it",
"is",
"h",
"##yp",
"##oth",
"##es",
"##ized",
"that",
"this",
"is",
"caused",
"either",
"by",
"vapor",
"##ization",
"of",
"the",
"comet",
"'",
"s",
"material",
"or",
"by",
"simple",
"breakup",
"of",
"dormant",
"comets",
".",
"when",
"crossing",
"an",
"atmosphere",
",",
"these",
"meteor",
"##oids",
"will",
"produce",
"bright",
"streaks",
"in",
"the",
"sky",
"due",
"to",
"atmospheric",
"entry",
",",
"called",
"meteor",
"##s",
".",
"if",
"a",
"stream",
"of",
"meteor",
"##oids",
"enter",
"the",
"atmosphere",
"on",
"parallel",
"tr",
"##aj",
"##ect",
"##ories",
",",
"the",
"meteor",
"##s",
"will",
"seemingly",
"'",
"ra",
"##dia",
"##te",
"'",
"from",
"a",
"point",
"in",
"the",
"sky",
",",
"hence",
"the",
"phenomenon",
"'",
"s",
"name",
":",
"meteor",
"shower",
".",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"home",
"to",
"the",
"zodiac",
"##al",
"dust",
"cloud",
",",
"which",
"is",
"visible",
"as",
"the",
"hazy",
"zodiac",
"##al",
"light",
"in",
"dark",
",",
"un",
"##pol",
"##lu",
"##ted",
"skies",
".",
"it",
"may",
"be",
"generated",
"by",
"collisions",
"within",
"the",
"asteroid",
"belt",
"brought",
"on",
"by",
"gravitational",
"interactions",
"with",
"the",
"planets",
";",
"a",
"more",
"recent",
"proposed",
"origin",
"is",
"materials",
"from",
"planet",
"mars",
".",
"the",
"outer",
"solar",
"system",
"hosts",
"a",
"cosmic",
"dust",
"cloud",
".",
"it",
"extends",
"from",
"about",
"10",
"au",
"to",
"about",
"40",
"au",
",",
"and",
"was",
"probably",
"created",
"by",
"collisions",
"within",
"the",
"ku",
"##ipe",
"##r",
"belt",
".",
"much",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"still",
"unknown",
".",
"areas",
"beyond",
"thousands",
"of",
"au",
"away",
"are",
"still",
"virtually",
"un",
"##ma",
"##pped",
"and",
"learning",
"about",
"this",
"region",
"of",
"space",
"is",
"difficult",
".",
"study",
"in",
"this",
"region",
"depends",
"upon",
"inference",
"##s",
"from",
"those",
"few",
"objects",
"whose",
"orbits",
"happen",
"to",
"be",
"per",
"##tur",
"##bed",
"such",
"that",
"they",
"fall",
"closer",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"and",
"even",
"then",
",",
"detecting",
"these",
"objects",
"has",
"often",
"been",
"possible",
"only",
"when",
"they",
"happened",
"to",
"become",
"bright",
"enough",
"to",
"register",
"as",
"comets",
".",
"many",
"objects",
"may",
"yet",
"be",
"discovered",
"in",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"'",
"s",
"un",
"##cha",
"##rted",
"regions",
".",
"the",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
"is",
"a",
"theo",
"##rized",
"spherical",
"shell",
"of",
"up",
"to",
"a",
"trillion",
"icy",
"objects",
"that",
"is",
"thought",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"source",
"for",
"all",
"long",
"-",
"period",
"comets",
".",
"no",
"direct",
"observation",
"of",
"the",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
"is",
"possible",
"with",
"present",
"imaging",
"technology",
".",
"it",
"is",
"theo",
"##rized",
"to",
"surround",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"at",
"roughly",
"50",
",",
"000",
"au",
"(",
"~",
"0",
".",
"9",
"l",
"##y",
")",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
"and",
"possibly",
"to",
"as",
"far",
"as",
"100",
",",
"000",
"au",
"(",
"~",
"1",
".",
"8",
"l",
"##y",
")",
".",
"the",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
"is",
"thought",
"to",
"be",
"composed",
"of",
"comets",
"that",
"were",
"ejected",
"from",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
"by",
"gravitational",
"interactions",
"with"
] | [
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 1,
"end_token_idx": 4,
"identifier": "/wiki/Micrometre",
"tokens": [
"micro",
"##meter",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 75,
"end_token_idx": 76,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nickel",
"tokens": [
"nickel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 77,
"end_token_idx": 78,
"identifier": "/wiki/Iron",
"tokens": [
"iron"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 140,
"end_token_idx": 142,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atmospheric_entry",
"tokens": [
"atmospheric",
"entry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 144,
"end_token_idx": 146,
"identifier": "/wiki/Meteor",
"tokens": [
"meteor",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 187,
"end_token_idx": 189,
"identifier": "/wiki/Meteor_shower",
"tokens": [
"meteor",
"shower"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 198,
"end_token_idx": 202,
"identifier": "/wiki/Interplanetary_dust_cloud",
"tokens": [
"zodiac",
"##al",
"dust",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 212,
"identifier": "/wiki/Zodiacal_light",
"tokens": [
"zodiac",
"##al",
"light"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 387,
"end_token_idx": 390,
"identifier": "/wiki/Oort_cloud",
"tokens": [
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 452,
"end_token_idx": 454,
"identifier": "/wiki/Light-year",
"tokens": [
"l",
"##y"
]
}
] | [
101,
2382,
12702,
22828,
2015,
1998,
1015,
8316,
2004,
23879,
17086,
1010,
1998,
2139,
28139,
7405,
3064,
1996,
12702,
11368,
8780,
22943,
4937,
20265,
26910,
1010,
2612,
3408,
3760,
9309,
3432,
2004,
1005,
6497,
9309,
1005,
1012,
2070,
23879,
17086,
2719,
3081,
4487,
11493,
2618,
29397,
1997,
27138,
1998,
26732,
1010,
2096,
1037,
2261,
2719,
3081,
4254,
11385,
22607,
2013,
17700,
4230,
1012,
2087,
23879,
17086,
2024,
2081,
1997,
9033,
19341,
4570,
1998,
11907,
11970,
2066,
15519,
1998,
3707,
1012,
2043,
4458,
2083,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1010,
27138,
3965,
1037,
4446,
1997,
23879,
17086,
1025,
2009,
2003,
1044,
22571,
14573,
2229,
3550,
2008,
2023,
2003,
3303,
2593,
2011,
20064,
3989,
1997,
1996,
15699,
1005,
1055,
3430,
2030,
2011,
3722,
19010,
1997,
22170,
27138,
1012,
2043,
5153,
2019,
7224,
1010,
2122,
23879,
17086,
2097,
3965,
4408,
21295,
1999,
1996,
3712,
2349,
2000,
12483,
4443,
1010,
2170,
23879,
2015,
1012,
2065,
1037,
5460,
1997,
23879,
17086,
4607,
1996,
7224,
2006,
5903,
19817,
13006,
22471,
18909,
1010,
1996,
23879,
2015,
2097,
9428,
1005,
10958,
9032,
2618,
1005,
2013,
1037,
2391,
1999,
1996,
3712,
1010,
6516,
1996,
9575,
1005,
1055,
2171,
1024,
23879,
6457,
1012,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
2003,
2188,
2000,
1996,
28501,
2389,
6497,
6112,
1010,
2029,
2003,
5710,
2004,
1996,
26710,
28501,
2389,
2422,
1999,
2601,
1010,
4895,
18155,
7630,
3064,
15717,
1012,
2009,
2089,
2022,
7013,
2011,
28820,
2306,
1996,
12175,
5583,
2716,
2006,
2011,
19790,
10266,
2007,
1996,
11358,
1025,
1037,
2062,
3522,
3818,
4761,
2003,
4475,
2013,
4774,
7733,
1012,
1996,
6058,
5943,
2291,
6184,
1037,
14448,
6497,
6112,
1012,
2009,
8908,
2013,
2055,
2184,
8740,
2000,
2055,
2871,
8740,
1010,
1998,
2001,
2763,
2580,
2011,
28820,
2306,
1996,
13970,
15457,
2099,
5583,
1012,
2172,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
2145,
4242,
1012,
2752,
3458,
5190,
1997,
8740,
2185,
2024,
2145,
8990,
4895,
2863,
11469,
1998,
4083,
2055,
2023,
2555,
1997,
2686,
2003,
3697,
1012,
2817,
1999,
2023,
2555,
9041,
2588,
28937,
2015,
2013,
2216,
2261,
5200,
3005,
20347,
4148,
2000,
2022,
2566,
20689,
8270,
2107,
2008,
2027,
2991,
3553,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1010,
1998,
2130,
2059,
1010,
25952,
2122,
5200,
2038,
2411,
2042,
2825,
2069,
2043,
2027,
3047,
2000,
2468,
4408,
2438,
2000,
4236,
2004,
27138,
1012,
2116,
5200,
2089,
2664,
2022,
3603,
1999,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1005,
1055,
4895,
7507,
17724,
4655,
1012,
1996,
1051,
11589,
6112,
2003,
1037,
14833,
18425,
18970,
5806,
1997,
2039,
2000,
1037,
23458,
13580,
5200,
2008,
2003,
2245,
2000,
2022,
1996,
3120,
2005,
2035,
2146,
1011,
2558,
27138,
1012,
2053,
3622,
8089,
1997,
1996,
1051,
11589,
6112,
2003,
2825,
2007,
2556,
12126,
2974,
1012,
2009,
2003,
14833,
18425,
2000,
15161,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2012,
5560,
2753,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1006,
1066,
1014,
1012,
1023,
1048,
2100,
1007,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1998,
4298,
2000,
2004,
2521,
2004,
2531,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1006,
1066,
1015,
1012,
1022,
1048,
2100,
1007,
1012,
1996,
1051,
11589,
6112,
2003,
2245,
2000,
2022,
3605,
1997,
27138,
2008,
2020,
22607,
2013,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
2011,
19790,
10266,
2007,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"outer",
"planets",
".",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
"objects",
"move",
"very",
"slowly",
",",
"and",
"can",
"be",
"per",
"##tur",
"##bed",
"by",
"in",
"##fr",
"##e",
"##quent",
"events",
",",
"such",
"as",
"collisions",
",",
"the",
"gravitational",
"effects",
"of",
"a",
"passing",
"star",
",",
"or",
"the",
"galactic",
"tide",
",",
"the",
"tidal",
"force",
"ex",
"##erted",
"by",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
".",
"as",
"of",
"the",
"2020",
"##s",
",",
"a",
"few",
"astronomers",
"have",
"h",
"##yp",
"##oth",
"##es",
"##ized",
"that",
"planet",
"nine",
"(",
"a",
"planet",
"beyond",
"neptune",
")",
"might",
"exist",
",",
"based",
"on",
"statistical",
"variance",
"in",
"the",
"orbit",
"of",
"extreme",
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"objects",
".",
"their",
"closest",
"approaches",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
"are",
"mostly",
"clustered",
"around",
"one",
"sector",
"and",
"their",
"orbits",
"are",
"similarly",
"tilted",
",",
"suggesting",
"that",
"a",
"large",
"planet",
"might",
"be",
"influencing",
"their",
"orbit",
"over",
"millions",
"of",
"years",
".",
"however",
",",
"some",
"astronomers",
"said",
"that",
"this",
"observation",
"might",
"be",
"credited",
"to",
"observation",
"##al",
"bias",
"##es",
"or",
"just",
"sheer",
"coincidence",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"gravitational",
"field",
"is",
"estimated",
"to",
"dominate",
"the",
"gravitational",
"forces",
"of",
"surrounding",
"stars",
"out",
"to",
"about",
"two",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"(",
"125",
",",
"000",
"au",
")",
".",
"lower",
"estimates",
"for",
"the",
"radius",
"of",
"the",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
",",
"by",
"contrast",
",",
"do",
"not",
"place",
"it",
"farther",
"than",
"50",
",",
"000",
"au",
".",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"mass",
"is",
"orbiting",
"in",
"the",
"region",
"between",
"3",
",",
"000",
"and",
"100",
",",
"000",
"au",
".",
"the",
"fur",
"##thest",
"known",
"objects",
",",
"such",
"as",
"comet",
"west",
",",
"have",
"ap",
"##hel",
"##ia",
"around",
"70",
",",
"000",
"au",
"from",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"hill",
"sphere",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"the",
"galactic",
"nucleus",
",",
"the",
"effective",
"range",
"of",
"its",
"gravitational",
"influence",
",",
"is",
"thought",
"to",
"extend",
"up",
"to",
"a",
"thousand",
"times",
"farther",
"and",
"encompasses",
"the",
"hypothetical",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
".",
"it",
"was",
"calculated",
"by",
"g",
".",
"a",
".",
"che",
"##bot",
"##are",
"##v",
"to",
"be",
"230",
",",
"000",
"au",
".",
"within",
"10",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"there",
"are",
"relatively",
"few",
"stars",
",",
"the",
"closest",
"being",
"the",
"triple",
"star",
"system",
"alpha",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i",
",",
"which",
"is",
"about",
"4",
".",
"4",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"away",
"and",
"may",
"be",
"in",
"the",
"local",
"bubble",
"'",
"s",
"g",
"-",
"cloud",
".",
"alpha",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i",
"a",
"and",
"b",
"are",
"a",
"closely",
"tied",
"pair",
"of",
"sun",
"-",
"like",
"stars",
",",
"whereas",
"the",
"closest",
"star",
"to",
"sun",
",",
"the",
"small",
"red",
"dwarf",
"pro",
"##xi",
"##ma",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i",
",",
"orbits",
"the",
"pair",
"at",
"a",
"distance",
"of",
"0",
".",
"2",
"light",
"-",
"years",
".",
"in",
"2016",
",",
"a",
"potentially",
"habit",
"##able",
"ex",
"##op",
"##lane",
"##t",
"was",
"found",
"to",
"be",
"orbiting",
"pro",
"##xi",
"##ma",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i",
",",
"called",
"pro",
"##xi",
"##ma",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i",
"b",
",",
"the",
"closest",
"confirmed",
"ex",
"##op",
"##lane",
"##t",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"surrounded",
"by",
"the",
"local",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"cloud",
",",
"although",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"clear",
"if",
"it",
"is",
"embedded",
"in",
"the",
"local",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"cloud",
"or",
"if",
"it",
"lies",
"just",
"outside",
"the",
"cloud",
"'",
"s",
"edge",
".",
"multiple",
"other",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"clouds",
"exist",
"in",
"the",
"region",
"within",
"300",
"light"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 39,
"end_token_idx": 41,
"identifier": "/wiki/Galactic_tide",
"tokens": [
"galactic",
"tide"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 43,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tidal_force",
"tokens": [
"tidal",
"force"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 68,
"end_token_idx": 70,
"identifier": "/wiki/Planet_Nine",
"tokens": [
"planet",
"nine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 87,
"end_token_idx": 95,
"identifier": "/wiki/Extreme_trans-Neptunian_object",
"tokens": [
"extreme",
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"objects"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 160,
"end_token_idx": 167,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sphere_of_influence_(astrodynamics)",
"tokens": [
"dominate",
"the",
"gravitational",
"forces",
"of",
"surrounding",
"stars"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 233,
"end_token_idx": 235,
"identifier": "/wiki/Comet_West",
"tokens": [
"comet",
"west"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 253,
"end_token_idx": 255,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hill_sphere",
"tokens": [
"hill",
"sphere"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 328,
"end_token_idx": 332,
"identifier": "/wiki/Alpha_Centauri",
"tokens": [
"alpha",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 352,
"end_token_idx": 355,
"identifier": "/wiki/G-Cloud",
"tokens": [
"g",
"-",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 369,
"end_token_idx": 373,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_analog",
"tokens": [
"sun",
"-",
"like",
"stars"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Red_dwarf",
"tokens": [
"red",
"dwarf"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 385,
"end_token_idx": 391,
"identifier": "/wiki/Proxima_Centauri",
"tokens": [
"pro",
"##xi",
"##ma",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 413,
"end_token_idx": 417,
"identifier": "/wiki/Exoplanet",
"tokens": [
"ex",
"##op",
"##lane",
"##t"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 430,
"end_token_idx": 437,
"identifier": "/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_b",
"tokens": [
"pro",
"##xi",
"##ma",
"cent",
"##aur",
"##i",
"b"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 456,
"end_token_idx": 460,
"identifier": "/wiki/Local_Interstellar_Cloud",
"tokens": [
"local",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 490,
"end_token_idx": 493,
"identifier": "/wiki/Interstellar_cloud",
"tokens": [
"inter",
"##stellar",
"clouds"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
6058,
11358,
1012,
1051,
11589,
6112,
5200,
2693,
2200,
3254,
1010,
1998,
2064,
2022,
2566,
20689,
8270,
2011,
1999,
19699,
2063,
15417,
2824,
1010,
2107,
2004,
28820,
1010,
1996,
19790,
3896,
1997,
1037,
4458,
2732,
1010,
2030,
1996,
21375,
10401,
1010,
1996,
15065,
2486,
4654,
28728,
2011,
1996,
21582,
2126,
1012,
2004,
1997,
1996,
12609,
2015,
1010,
1037,
2261,
26357,
2031,
1044,
22571,
14573,
2229,
3550,
2008,
4774,
3157,
1006,
1037,
4774,
3458,
21167,
1007,
2453,
4839,
1010,
2241,
2006,
7778,
23284,
1999,
1996,
8753,
1997,
6034,
9099,
1011,
11265,
13876,
19496,
2319,
5200,
1012,
2037,
7541,
8107,
2000,
1996,
3103,
2024,
3262,
25221,
2105,
2028,
4753,
1998,
2037,
20347,
2024,
6660,
9939,
1010,
9104,
2008,
1037,
2312,
4774,
2453,
2022,
25870,
2037,
8753,
2058,
8817,
1997,
2086,
1012,
2174,
1010,
2070,
26357,
2056,
2008,
2023,
8089,
2453,
2022,
5827,
2000,
8089,
2389,
13827,
2229,
2030,
2074,
11591,
16507,
1012,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
19790,
2492,
2003,
4358,
2000,
16083,
1996,
19790,
2749,
1997,
4193,
3340,
2041,
2000,
2055,
2048,
2422,
1011,
2086,
1006,
8732,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1007,
1012,
2896,
10035,
2005,
1996,
12177,
1997,
1996,
1051,
11589,
6112,
1010,
2011,
5688,
1010,
2079,
2025,
2173,
2009,
8736,
2084,
2753,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1012,
2087,
1997,
1996,
3742,
2003,
26472,
1999,
1996,
2555,
2090,
1017,
1010,
2199,
1998,
2531,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1012,
1996,
6519,
20515,
2124,
5200,
1010,
2107,
2004,
15699,
2225,
1010,
2031,
9706,
16001,
2401,
2105,
3963,
1010,
2199,
8740,
2013,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
2940,
10336,
2007,
4847,
2000,
1996,
21375,
13502,
1010,
1996,
4621,
2846,
1997,
2049,
19790,
3747,
1010,
2003,
2245,
2000,
7949,
2039,
2000,
1037,
4595,
2335,
8736,
1998,
13974,
1996,
25613,
1051,
11589,
6112,
1012,
2009,
2001,
10174,
2011,
1043,
1012,
1037,
1012,
18178,
18384,
12069,
2615,
2000,
2022,
11816,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1012,
2306,
2184,
2422,
1011,
2086,
1997,
1996,
3103,
2045,
2024,
4659,
2261,
3340,
1010,
1996,
7541,
2108,
1996,
6420,
2732,
2291,
6541,
9358,
21159,
2072,
1010,
2029,
2003,
2055,
1018,
1012,
1018,
2422,
1011,
2086,
2185,
1998,
2089,
2022,
1999,
1996,
2334,
11957,
1005,
1055,
1043,
1011,
6112,
1012,
6541,
9358,
21159,
2072,
1037,
1998,
1038,
2024,
1037,
4876,
5079,
3940,
1997,
3103,
1011,
2066,
3340,
1010,
6168,
1996,
7541,
2732,
2000,
3103,
1010,
1996,
2235,
2417,
11229,
4013,
9048,
2863,
9358,
21159,
2072,
1010,
20347,
1996,
3940,
2012,
1037,
3292,
1997,
1014,
1012,
1016,
2422,
1011,
2086,
1012,
1999,
2355,
1010,
1037,
9280,
10427,
3085,
4654,
7361,
20644,
2102,
2001,
2179,
2000,
2022,
26472,
4013,
9048,
2863,
9358,
21159,
2072,
1010,
2170,
4013,
9048,
2863,
9358,
21159,
2072,
1038,
1010,
1996,
7541,
4484,
4654,
7361,
20644,
2102,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1012,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
5129,
2011,
1996,
2334,
6970,
29028,
6112,
1010,
2348,
2009,
2003,
2025,
3154,
2065,
2009,
2003,
11157,
1999,
1996,
2334,
6970,
29028,
6112,
2030,
2065,
2009,
3658,
2074,
2648,
1996,
6112,
1005,
1055,
3341,
1012,
3674,
2060,
6970,
29028,
8044,
4839,
1999,
1996,
2555,
2306,
3998,
2422,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"-",
"years",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"local",
"bubble",
".",
"the",
"latter",
"feature",
"is",
"an",
"hour",
"##glass",
"-",
"shaped",
"cavity",
"or",
"superb",
"##ub",
"##ble",
"in",
"the",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"medium",
"roughly",
"300",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"across",
".",
"the",
"bubble",
"is",
"su",
"##ff",
"##used",
"with",
"high",
"-",
"temperature",
"plasma",
",",
"suggesting",
"that",
"it",
"may",
"be",
"the",
"product",
"of",
"several",
"recent",
"super",
"##nova",
"##e",
".",
"the",
"local",
"bubble",
"is",
"a",
"small",
"superb",
"##ub",
"##ble",
"compared",
"to",
"the",
"neighboring",
"wider",
"radcliffe",
"wave",
"and",
"split",
"linear",
"structures",
"(",
"formerly",
"gould",
"belt",
")",
",",
"each",
"of",
"which",
"are",
"some",
"thousands",
"of",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"in",
"length",
".",
"all",
"these",
"structures",
"are",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"orion",
"arm",
",",
"which",
"contains",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"stars",
"in",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
"that",
"are",
"visible",
"to",
"the",
"una",
"##ided",
"eye",
".",
"groups",
"of",
"stars",
"form",
"together",
"in",
"star",
"clusters",
",",
"before",
"di",
"##sso",
"##lving",
"into",
"co",
"-",
"moving",
"associations",
".",
"a",
"prominent",
"grouping",
"that",
"is",
"visible",
"to",
"the",
"naked",
"eye",
"is",
"the",
"ur",
"##sa",
"major",
"moving",
"group",
",",
"which",
"is",
"around",
"80",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"away",
"within",
"the",
"local",
"bubble",
".",
"the",
"nearest",
"star",
"cluster",
"is",
"h",
"##yad",
"##es",
",",
"which",
"lies",
"at",
"the",
"edge",
"of",
"the",
"local",
"bubble",
".",
"the",
"closest",
"star",
"-",
"forming",
"regions",
"are",
"the",
"corona",
"aus",
"##tral",
"##is",
"molecular",
"cloud",
",",
"the",
"r",
"##ho",
"op",
"##hi",
"##uchi",
"cloud",
"complex",
"and",
"the",
"tau",
"##rus",
"molecular",
"cloud",
";",
"the",
"latter",
"lies",
"just",
"beyond",
"the",
"local",
"bubble",
"and",
"is",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"radcliffe",
"wave",
".",
"stellar",
"fly",
"##by",
"##s",
"that",
"pass",
"within",
"0",
".",
"8",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"occur",
"roughly",
"once",
"every",
"100",
",",
"000",
"years",
".",
"the",
"closest",
"well",
"-",
"measured",
"approach",
"was",
"sc",
"##holz",
"'",
"s",
"star",
",",
"which",
"approached",
"to",
"~",
"50",
",",
"000",
"au",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"some",
"~",
"70",
"thousands",
"years",
"ago",
",",
"likely",
"passing",
"through",
"the",
"outer",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
".",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"1",
"%",
"chance",
"every",
"billion",
"years",
"that",
"a",
"star",
"will",
"pass",
"within",
"100",
"au",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"potentially",
"disrupt",
"##ing",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
".",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"is",
"located",
"in",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
",",
"a",
"barred",
"spiral",
"galaxy",
"with",
"a",
"diameter",
"of",
"about",
"100",
",",
"000",
"light",
"-",
"years",
"containing",
"more",
"than",
"100",
"billion",
"stars",
".",
"the",
"sun",
"is",
"part",
"of",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
"'",
"s",
"outer",
"spiral",
"arms",
",",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"orion",
"–",
"cy",
"##gn",
"##us",
"arm",
"or",
"local",
"spur",
".",
"its",
"speed",
"around",
"the",
"center",
"of",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
"is",
"about",
"220",
"km",
"/",
"s",
",",
"so",
"that",
"it",
"completes",
"one",
"revolution",
"every",
"240",
"million",
"years",
".",
"this",
"revolution",
"is",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"'",
"s",
"galactic",
"year",
".",
"the",
"solar",
"apex",
",",
"the",
"direction",
"of",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"path",
"through",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"space",
",",
"is",
"near",
"the",
"constellation",
"hercules",
"in",
"the",
"direction",
"of",
"the",
"current",
"location",
"of",
"the",
"bright",
"star",
"vega",
".",
"the",
"plane",
"of",
"the",
"ec",
"##lip",
"##tic",
"lies",
"at",
"an",
"angle",
"of",
"about",
"60",
"##°",
"to",
"the",
"galactic",
"plane",
".",
"[",
"c",
"]",
"the"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 9,
"end_token_idx": 11,
"identifier": "/wiki/Local_Bubble",
"tokens": [
"local",
"bubble"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 23,
"end_token_idx": 26,
"identifier": "/wiki/Superbubble",
"tokens": [
"superb",
"##ub",
"##ble"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 78,
"end_token_idx": 80,
"identifier": "/wiki/Radcliffe_Wave",
"tokens": [
"radcliffe",
"wave"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 86,
"end_token_idx": 88,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gould_Belt",
"tokens": [
"gould",
"belt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 110,
"end_token_idx": 112,
"identifier": "/wiki/Orion_Arm",
"tokens": [
"orion",
"arm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 138,
"end_token_idx": 140,
"identifier": "/wiki/Star_cluster",
"tokens": [
"star",
"clusters"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 163,
"end_token_idx": 168,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ursa_Major_moving_group",
"tokens": [
"ur",
"##sa",
"major",
"moving",
"group"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 187,
"end_token_idx": 190,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hyades_(star_cluster)",
"tokens": [
"h",
"##yad",
"##es"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 215,
"identifier": "/wiki/Corona_Australis_Molecular_Cloud",
"tokens": [
"corona",
"aus",
"##tral",
"##is",
"molecular",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 217,
"end_token_idx": 224,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rho_Ophiuchi_cloud_complex",
"tokens": [
"r",
"##ho",
"op",
"##hi",
"##uchi",
"cloud",
"complex"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 226,
"end_token_idx": 230,
"identifier": "/wiki/Taurus_molecular_cloud",
"tokens": [
"tau",
"##rus",
"molecular",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 273,
"end_token_idx": 278,
"identifier": "/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars_and_brown_dwarfs#Distant_future_and_past_encounters",
"tokens": [
"closest",
"well",
"-",
"measured",
"approach"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 279,
"end_token_idx": 284,
"identifier": "/wiki/Scholz%27s_Star",
"tokens": [
"sc",
"##holz",
"'",
"s",
"star"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 347,
"end_token_idx": 349,
"identifier": "/wiki/Milky_Way",
"tokens": [
"milky",
"way"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 351,
"end_token_idx": 354,
"identifier": "/wiki/Barred_spiral_galaxy",
"tokens": [
"barred",
"spiral",
"galaxy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 362,
"end_token_idx": 365,
"identifier": "/wiki/Light-year",
"tokens": [
"light",
"-",
"years"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 391,
"end_token_idx": 397,
"identifier": "/wiki/Orion%E2%80%93Cygnus_Arm",
"tokens": [
"orion",
"–",
"cy",
"##gn",
"##us",
"arm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 438,
"end_token_idx": 440,
"identifier": "/wiki/Galactic_year",
"tokens": [
"galactic",
"year"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 442,
"end_token_idx": 444,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_apex",
"tokens": [
"solar",
"apex"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 463,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hercules_(constellation)",
"tokens": [
"hercules"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 474,
"end_token_idx": 475,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vega",
"tokens": [
"vega"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 493,
"end_token_idx": 495,
"identifier": "/wiki/Galactic_plane",
"tokens": [
"galactic",
"plane"
]
}
] | [
101,
1011,
2086,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2124,
2004,
1996,
2334,
11957,
1012,
1996,
3732,
3444,
2003,
2019,
3178,
15621,
1011,
5044,
17790,
2030,
21688,
12083,
3468,
1999,
1996,
6970,
29028,
5396,
5560,
3998,
2422,
1011,
2086,
2408,
1012,
1996,
11957,
2003,
10514,
4246,
13901,
2007,
2152,
1011,
4860,
12123,
1010,
9104,
2008,
2009,
2089,
2022,
1996,
4031,
1997,
2195,
3522,
3565,
13455,
2063,
1012,
1996,
2334,
11957,
2003,
1037,
2235,
21688,
12083,
3468,
4102,
2000,
1996,
8581,
7289,
22603,
4400,
1998,
3975,
7399,
5090,
1006,
3839,
14913,
5583,
1007,
1010,
2169,
1997,
2029,
2024,
2070,
5190,
1997,
2422,
1011,
2086,
1999,
3091,
1012,
2035,
2122,
5090,
2024,
2112,
1997,
1996,
18747,
2849,
1010,
2029,
3397,
2087,
1997,
1996,
3340,
1999,
1996,
21582,
2126,
2008,
2024,
5710,
2000,
1996,
14477,
14097,
3239,
1012,
2967,
1997,
3340,
2433,
2362,
1999,
2732,
12906,
1010,
2077,
4487,
24137,
25780,
2046,
2522,
1011,
3048,
8924,
1012,
1037,
4069,
19765,
2008,
2003,
5710,
2000,
1996,
6248,
3239,
2003,
1996,
24471,
3736,
2350,
3048,
2177,
1010,
2029,
2003,
2105,
3770,
2422,
1011,
2086,
2185,
2306,
1996,
2334,
11957,
1012,
1996,
7205,
2732,
9324,
2003,
1044,
25152,
2229,
1010,
2029,
3658,
2012,
1996,
3341,
1997,
1996,
2334,
11957,
1012,
1996,
7541,
2732,
1011,
5716,
4655,
2024,
1996,
21887,
17151,
21493,
2483,
8382,
6112,
1010,
1996,
1054,
6806,
6728,
4048,
15217,
6112,
3375,
1998,
1996,
19982,
7946,
8382,
6112,
1025,
1996,
3732,
3658,
2074,
3458,
1996,
2334,
11957,
1998,
2003,
2112,
1997,
1996,
22603,
4400,
1012,
17227,
4875,
3762,
2015,
2008,
3413,
2306,
1014,
1012,
1022,
2422,
1011,
2086,
1997,
1996,
3103,
5258,
5560,
2320,
2296,
2531,
1010,
2199,
2086,
1012,
1996,
7541,
2092,
1011,
7594,
3921,
2001,
8040,
28094,
1005,
1055,
2732,
1010,
2029,
5411,
2000,
1066,
2753,
1010,
2199,
8740,
1997,
1996,
3103,
2070,
1066,
3963,
5190,
2086,
3283,
1010,
3497,
4458,
2083,
1996,
6058,
1051,
11589,
6112,
1012,
2045,
2003,
1037,
1015,
1003,
3382,
2296,
4551,
2086,
2008,
1037,
2732,
2097,
3413,
2306,
2531,
8740,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1010,
9280,
23217,
2075,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1012,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2003,
2284,
1999,
1996,
21582,
2126,
1010,
1037,
15605,
12313,
9088,
2007,
1037,
6705,
1997,
2055,
2531,
1010,
2199,
2422,
1011,
2086,
4820,
2062,
2084,
2531,
4551,
3340,
1012,
1996,
3103,
2003,
2112,
1997,
2028,
1997,
1996,
21582,
2126,
1005,
1055,
6058,
12313,
2608,
1010,
2124,
2004,
1996,
18747,
1516,
22330,
16206,
2271,
2849,
2030,
2334,
12996,
1012,
2049,
3177,
2105,
1996,
2415,
1997,
1996,
21582,
2126,
2003,
2055,
10545,
2463,
1013,
1055,
1010,
2061,
2008,
2009,
28123,
2028,
4329,
2296,
11212,
2454,
2086,
1012,
2023,
4329,
2003,
2124,
2004,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1005,
1055,
21375,
2095,
1012,
1996,
5943,
13450,
1010,
1996,
3257,
1997,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
4130,
2083,
6970,
29028,
2686,
1010,
2003,
2379,
1996,
15300,
15067,
1999,
1996,
3257,
1997,
1996,
2783,
3295,
1997,
1996,
4408,
2732,
15942,
1012,
1996,
4946,
1997,
1996,
14925,
15000,
4588,
3658,
2012,
2019,
6466,
1997,
2055,
3438,
7737,
2000,
1996,
21375,
4946,
1012,
1031,
1039,
1033,
1996,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"sun",
"follows",
"a",
"nearly",
"circular",
"orbit",
"around",
"the",
"galactic",
"center",
"(",
"where",
"the",
"super",
"##mas",
"##sive",
"black",
"hole",
"sa",
"##git",
"##tar",
"##ius",
"a",
"*",
"resides",
")",
"at",
"a",
"distance",
"of",
"26",
",",
"660",
"light",
"-",
"years",
",",
"orbiting",
"at",
"roughly",
"the",
"same",
"speed",
"as",
"that",
"of",
"the",
"spiral",
"arms",
".",
"if",
"it",
"orbit",
"##ed",
"close",
"to",
"the",
"center",
",",
"gravitational",
"tugs",
"from",
"nearby",
"stars",
"could",
"per",
"##tur",
"##b",
"bodies",
"in",
"the",
"o",
"##ort",
"cloud",
"and",
"send",
"many",
"comets",
"into",
"the",
"inner",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"producing",
"collisions",
"with",
"potentially",
"catastrophic",
"implications",
"for",
"life",
"on",
"earth",
".",
"in",
"this",
"scenario",
",",
"the",
"intense",
"radiation",
"of",
"the",
"galactic",
"center",
"could",
"interfere",
"with",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"complex",
"life",
".",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"'",
"s",
"location",
"in",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
"is",
"a",
"factor",
"in",
"the",
"evolutionary",
"history",
"of",
"life",
"on",
"earth",
".",
"spiral",
"arms",
"are",
"home",
"to",
"a",
"far",
"larger",
"concentration",
"of",
"super",
"##nova",
"##e",
",",
"gravitational",
"ins",
"##ta",
"##bilities",
",",
"and",
"radiation",
"that",
"could",
"disrupt",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"but",
"since",
"earth",
"stays",
"in",
"the",
"local",
"spur",
"and",
"therefore",
"does",
"not",
"pass",
"frequently",
"through",
"spiral",
"arms",
",",
"this",
"has",
"given",
"earth",
"long",
"periods",
"of",
"stability",
"for",
"life",
"to",
"evolve",
".",
"however",
",",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"controversial",
"shiva",
"hypothesis",
",",
"the",
"changing",
"position",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"relative",
"to",
"other",
"parts",
"of",
"the",
"milky",
"way",
"could",
"explain",
"periodic",
"extinction",
"events",
"on",
"earth",
".",
"humanity",
"'",
"s",
"knowledge",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
"has",
"grown",
"inc",
"##rem",
"##ental",
"##ly",
"over",
"the",
"centuries",
".",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"late",
"middle",
"ages",
"–",
"renaissance",
",",
"astronomers",
"from",
"europe",
"to",
"india",
"believed",
"earth",
"to",
"be",
"stationary",
"at",
"the",
"center",
"of",
"the",
"universe",
"and",
"cat",
"##egorical",
"##ly",
"different",
"from",
"the",
"divine",
"or",
"ether",
"##eal",
"objects",
"that",
"moved",
"through",
"the",
"sky",
".",
"although",
"the",
"greek",
"philosopher",
"ari",
"##star",
"##chus",
"of",
"sam",
"##os",
"had",
"speculated",
"on",
"a",
"he",
"##lio",
"##centric",
"re",
"##ord",
"##ering",
"of",
"the",
"cosmos",
",",
"nicola",
"##us",
"cope",
"##rn",
"##icus",
"was",
"the",
"first",
"person",
"known",
"to",
"have",
"developed",
"a",
"mathematical",
"##ly",
"predict",
"##ive",
"he",
"##lio",
"##centric",
"system",
".",
"he",
"##lio",
"##cent",
"##ris",
"##m",
"did",
"not",
"triumph",
"immediately",
"over",
"geo",
"##cent",
"##ris",
"##m",
",",
"but",
"the",
"work",
"of",
"cope",
"##rn",
"##icus",
"had",
"its",
"champions",
",",
"notably",
"johannes",
"kepler",
".",
"using",
"a",
"he",
"##lio",
"##centric",
"model",
"that",
"improved",
"upon",
"cope",
"##rn",
"##icus",
"by",
"allowing",
"orbits",
"to",
"be",
"elliptical",
",",
"and",
"the",
"precise",
"observation",
"##al",
"data",
"of",
"ty",
"##cho",
"bra",
"##he",
",",
"kepler",
"produced",
"the",
"rudolph",
"##ine",
"tables",
",",
"which",
"enabled",
"accurate",
"computation",
"##s",
"of",
"the",
"positions",
"of",
"the",
"then",
"-",
"known",
"planets",
".",
"pierre",
"gas",
"##sen",
"##di",
"used",
"them",
"to",
"predict",
"a",
"transit",
"of",
"mercury",
"in",
"163",
"##1",
",",
"and",
"jeremiah",
"ho",
"##rro",
"##cks",
"did",
"the",
"same",
"for",
"a",
"transit",
"of",
"venus",
"in",
"163",
"##9",
".",
"this",
"provided",
"a",
"strong",
"vin",
"##dication",
"of",
"he",
"##lio",
"##cent",
"##ris",
"##m",
"and",
"kepler",
"'",
"s",
"elliptical",
"orbits",
".",
"in",
"the",
"17th",
"century",
",",
"galileo",
"publicized",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"the",
"telescope",
"in",
"astronomy",
";",
"he",
"and",
"simon",
"marius",
"independently",
"discovered",
"that",
"jupiter",
"had",
"four",
"satellites",
"in",
"orbit",
"around"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 8,
"end_token_idx": 10,
"identifier": "/wiki/Galactic_Center",
"tokens": [
"galactic",
"center"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 13,
"end_token_idx": 18,
"identifier": "/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole",
"tokens": [
"super",
"##mas",
"##sive",
"black",
"hole"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 18,
"end_token_idx": 24,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sagittarius_A*",
"tokens": [
"sa",
"##git",
"##tar",
"##ius",
"a",
"*"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 130,
"end_token_idx": 134,
"identifier": "/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_life",
"tokens": [
"evolutionary",
"history",
"of",
"life"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 147,
"end_token_idx": 150,
"identifier": "/wiki/Supernova",
"tokens": [
"super",
"##nova",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 202,
"end_token_idx": 204,
"identifier": "/wiki/Shiva_hypothesis",
"tokens": [
"shiva",
"hypothesis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 223,
"end_token_idx": 225,
"identifier": "/wiki/Extinction_events",
"tokens": [
"extinction",
"events"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 249,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages",
"tokens": [
"late",
"middle",
"ages"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 253,
"end_token_idx": 254,
"identifier": "/wiki/Renaissance",
"tokens": [
"renaissance"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 263,
"end_token_idx": 268,
"identifier": "/wiki/Geocentric_model",
"tokens": [
"be",
"stationary",
"at",
"the",
"center"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 291,
"end_token_idx": 292,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ancient_Greece",
"tokens": [
"greek"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 293,
"end_token_idx": 299,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos",
"tokens": [
"ari",
"##star",
"##chus",
"of",
"sam",
"##os"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 306,
"identifier": "/wiki/Heliocentric",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##lio",
"##centric"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 313,
"end_token_idx": 318,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus",
"tokens": [
"nicola",
"##us",
"cope",
"##rn",
"##icus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 326,
"end_token_idx": 335,
"identifier": "/wiki/Copernican_heliocentrism",
"tokens": [
"a",
"mathematical",
"##ly",
"predict",
"##ive",
"he",
"##lio",
"##centric",
"system"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 363,
"end_token_idx": 365,
"identifier": "/wiki/Johannes_Kepler",
"tokens": [
"johannes",
"kepler"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 392,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tycho_Brahe",
"tokens": [
"ty",
"##cho",
"bra",
"##he"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 400,
"end_token_idx": 403,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rudolphine_Tables",
"tokens": [
"rudolph",
"##ine",
"tables"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 419,
"end_token_idx": 423,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi",
"tokens": [
"pierre",
"gas",
"##sen",
"##di"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 428,
"end_token_idx": 431,
"identifier": "/wiki/Transit_of_Mercury",
"tokens": [
"transit",
"of",
"mercury"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 436,
"end_token_idx": 440,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jeremiah_Horrocks",
"tokens": [
"jeremiah",
"ho",
"##rro",
"##cks"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 445,
"end_token_idx": 448,
"identifier": "/wiki/Transit_of_Venus",
"tokens": [
"transit",
"of",
"venus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 476,
"end_token_idx": 477,
"identifier": "/wiki/Galileo_Galilei",
"tokens": [
"galileo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 488,
"end_token_idx": 490,
"identifier": "/wiki/Simon_Marius",
"tokens": [
"simon",
"marius"
]
}
] | [
101,
3103,
4076,
1037,
3053,
8206,
8753,
2105,
1996,
21375,
2415,
1006,
2073,
1996,
3565,
9335,
12742,
2304,
4920,
7842,
23806,
7559,
4173,
1037,
1008,
11665,
1007,
2012,
1037,
3292,
1997,
2656,
1010,
20982,
2422,
1011,
2086,
1010,
26472,
2012,
5560,
1996,
2168,
3177,
2004,
2008,
1997,
1996,
12313,
2608,
1012,
2065,
2009,
8753,
2098,
2485,
2000,
1996,
2415,
1010,
19790,
29306,
2013,
3518,
3340,
2071,
2566,
20689,
2497,
4230,
1999,
1996,
1051,
11589,
6112,
1998,
4604,
2116,
27138,
2046,
1996,
5110,
5943,
2291,
1010,
5155,
28820,
2007,
9280,
23546,
13494,
2005,
2166,
2006,
3011,
1012,
1999,
2023,
11967,
1010,
1996,
6387,
8249,
1997,
1996,
21375,
2415,
2071,
15115,
2007,
1996,
2458,
1997,
3375,
2166,
1012,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1005,
1055,
3295,
1999,
1996,
21582,
2126,
2003,
1037,
5387,
1999,
1996,
12761,
2381,
1997,
2166,
2006,
3011,
1012,
12313,
2608,
2024,
2188,
2000,
1037,
2521,
3469,
6693,
1997,
3565,
13455,
2063,
1010,
19790,
16021,
2696,
14680,
1010,
1998,
8249,
2008,
2071,
23217,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1010,
2021,
2144,
3011,
12237,
1999,
1996,
2334,
12996,
1998,
3568,
2515,
2025,
3413,
4703,
2083,
12313,
2608,
1010,
2023,
2038,
2445,
3011,
2146,
6993,
1997,
9211,
2005,
2166,
2000,
19852,
1012,
2174,
1010,
2429,
2000,
1996,
6801,
12535,
10744,
1010,
1996,
5278,
2597,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
5816,
2000,
2060,
3033,
1997,
1996,
21582,
2126,
2071,
4863,
15861,
14446,
2824,
2006,
3011,
1012,
8438,
1005,
1055,
3716,
1997,
1996,
5943,
2291,
2038,
4961,
4297,
28578,
21050,
2135,
2058,
1996,
4693,
1012,
2039,
2000,
1996,
2397,
2690,
5535,
1516,
8028,
1010,
26357,
2013,
2885,
2000,
2634,
3373,
3011,
2000,
2022,
17337,
2012,
1996,
2415,
1997,
1996,
5304,
1998,
4937,
27203,
2135,
2367,
2013,
1996,
7746,
2030,
28855,
15879,
5200,
2008,
2333,
2083,
1996,
3712,
1012,
2348,
1996,
3306,
9667,
10488,
14117,
16194,
1997,
3520,
2891,
2018,
15520,
2006,
1037,
2002,
12798,
22461,
2128,
8551,
7999,
1997,
1996,
21182,
1010,
17388,
2271,
11997,
6826,
14239,
2001,
1996,
2034,
2711,
2124,
2000,
2031,
2764,
1037,
8045,
2135,
16014,
3512,
2002,
12798,
22461,
2291,
1012,
2002,
12798,
13013,
6935,
2213,
2106,
2025,
10911,
3202,
2058,
20248,
13013,
6935,
2213,
1010,
2021,
1996,
2147,
1997,
11997,
6826,
14239,
2018,
2049,
3966,
1010,
5546,
12470,
28219,
1012,
2478,
1037,
2002,
12798,
22461,
2944,
2008,
5301,
2588,
11997,
6826,
14239,
2011,
4352,
20347,
2000,
2022,
27213,
1010,
1998,
1996,
10480,
8089,
2389,
2951,
1997,
5939,
9905,
11655,
5369,
1010,
28219,
2550,
1996,
18466,
3170,
7251,
1010,
2029,
9124,
8321,
22334,
2015,
1997,
1996,
4460,
1997,
1996,
2059,
1011,
2124,
11358,
1012,
5578,
3806,
5054,
4305,
2109,
2068,
2000,
16014,
1037,
6671,
1997,
8714,
1999,
17867,
2487,
1010,
1998,
17526,
7570,
18933,
10603,
2106,
1996,
2168,
2005,
1037,
6671,
1997,
11691,
1999,
17867,
2683,
1012,
2023,
3024,
1037,
2844,
19354,
25027,
1997,
2002,
12798,
13013,
6935,
2213,
1998,
28219,
1005,
1055,
27213,
20347,
1012,
1999,
1996,
5550,
2301,
1010,
21514,
24928,
1996,
2224,
1997,
1996,
12772,
1999,
12799,
1025,
2002,
1998,
4079,
20032,
9174,
3603,
2008,
13035,
2018,
2176,
14549,
1999,
8753,
2105,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"it",
".",
"christi",
"##aan",
"hu",
"##y",
"##gens",
"followed",
"on",
"from",
"these",
"observations",
"by",
"discovering",
"saturn",
"'",
"s",
"moon",
"titan",
"and",
"the",
"shape",
"of",
"the",
"rings",
"of",
"saturn",
".",
"in",
"167",
"##7",
",",
"edmond",
"halle",
"##y",
"observed",
"a",
"transit",
"of",
"mercury",
"across",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"leading",
"him",
"to",
"realize",
"that",
"observations",
"of",
"the",
"solar",
"para",
"##lla",
"##x",
"of",
"a",
"planet",
"(",
"more",
"ideally",
"using",
"the",
"transit",
"of",
"venus",
")",
"could",
"be",
"used",
"to",
"tri",
"##gon",
"##ometric",
"##ally",
"determine",
"the",
"distances",
"between",
"earth",
",",
"venus",
",",
"and",
"the",
"sun",
".",
"halle",
"##y",
"'",
"s",
"friend",
"isaac",
"newton",
",",
"in",
"his",
"mag",
"##ister",
"##ial",
"pri",
"##nc",
"##ip",
"##ia",
"math",
"##ema",
"##tica",
"of",
"168",
"##7",
",",
"demonstrated",
"that",
"celestial",
"bodies",
"are",
"not",
"qui",
"##ntes",
"##sen",
"##tial",
"##ly",
"different",
"from",
"earthly",
"ones",
":",
"the",
"same",
"laws",
"of",
"motion",
"and",
"of",
"gravity",
"apply",
"on",
"earth",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"skies",
".",
":",
"142",
"the",
"term",
"\"",
"solar",
"system",
"\"",
"entered",
"the",
"english",
"language",
"by",
"1704",
",",
"when",
"john",
"locke",
"used",
"it",
"to",
"refer",
"to",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"planets",
",",
"and",
"comets",
".",
"in",
"1705",
",",
"halle",
"##y",
"realized",
"that",
"repeated",
"sighting",
"##s",
"of",
"a",
"comet",
"were",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"object",
",",
"returning",
"regularly",
"once",
"every",
"75",
"–",
"76",
"years",
".",
"this",
"was",
"the",
"first",
"evidence",
"that",
"anything",
"other",
"than",
"the",
"planets",
"repeatedly",
"orbit",
"##ed",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"though",
"seneca",
"had",
"theo",
"##rized",
"this",
"about",
"comets",
"in",
"the",
"1st",
"century",
".",
"careful",
"observations",
"of",
"the",
"1769",
"transit",
"of",
"venus",
"allowed",
"astronomers",
"to",
"calculate",
"the",
"average",
"earth",
"–",
"sun",
"distance",
"as",
"93",
",",
"72",
"##6",
",",
"900",
"miles",
"(",
"150",
",",
"83",
"##8",
",",
"800",
"km",
")",
",",
"only",
"0",
".",
"8",
"%",
"greater",
"than",
"the",
"modern",
"value",
".",
"ur",
"##anus",
",",
"having",
"occasionally",
"been",
"observed",
"since",
"1690",
"and",
"possibly",
"from",
"antiquity",
",",
"was",
"recognized",
"to",
"be",
"a",
"planet",
"orbiting",
"beyond",
"saturn",
"by",
"1783",
".",
"in",
"1838",
",",
"friedrich",
"be",
"##ssel",
"successfully",
"measured",
"a",
"stellar",
"para",
"##lla",
"##x",
",",
"an",
"apparent",
"shift",
"in",
"the",
"position",
"of",
"a",
"star",
"created",
"by",
"earth",
"'",
"s",
"motion",
"around",
"the",
"sun",
",",
"providing",
"the",
"first",
"direct",
",",
"experimental",
"proof",
"of",
"he",
"##lio",
"##cent",
"##ris",
"##m",
".",
"neptune",
"was",
"identified",
"as",
"a",
"planet",
"some",
"years",
"later",
",",
"in",
"1846",
",",
"thanks",
"to",
"its",
"gravitational",
"pull",
"causing",
"a",
"slight",
"but",
"detect",
"##able",
"variation",
"in",
"the",
"orbit",
"of",
"ur",
"##anus",
".",
"mercury",
"'",
"s",
"orbital",
"anomaly",
"observations",
"led",
"to",
"searches",
"for",
"vulcan",
",",
"a",
"planet",
"interior",
"of",
"mercury",
",",
"but",
"these",
"attempts",
"were",
"qu",
"##ash",
"##ed",
"with",
"albert",
"einstein",
"'",
"s",
"theory",
"of",
"general",
"relativity",
"in",
"1915",
".",
"in",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
",",
"humans",
"began",
"their",
"space",
"exploration",
"around",
"the",
"solar",
"system",
",",
"starting",
"with",
"placing",
"telescopes",
"in",
"space",
"since",
"the",
"1960s",
".",
"by",
"1989",
",",
"all",
"eight",
"planets",
"have",
"been",
"visited",
"by",
"space",
"probe",
"##s",
".",
"probe",
"##s",
"have",
"returned",
"samples",
"from",
"comets",
"and",
"asteroids",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"flown",
"through",
"the",
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"corona",
"and",
"visited",
"two",
"dwarf",
"planets",
"(",
"pluto",
"and",
"ce",
"##res",
")",
".",
"to",
"save",
"on",
"fuel",
",",
"some",
"space"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 2,
"end_token_idx": 7,
"identifier": "/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens",
"tokens": [
"christi",
"##aan",
"hu",
"##y",
"##gens"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 18,
"end_token_idx": 19,
"identifier": "/wiki/Titan_(moon)",
"tokens": [
"titan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 24,
"end_token_idx": 27,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn",
"tokens": [
"rings",
"of",
"saturn"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 32,
"end_token_idx": 35,
"identifier": "/wiki/Edmond_Halley",
"tokens": [
"edmond",
"halle",
"##y"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 52,
"end_token_idx": 56,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solar_parallax",
"tokens": [
"solar",
"para",
"##lla",
"##x"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 72,
"end_token_idx": 76,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trigonometry",
"tokens": [
"tri",
"##gon",
"##ometric",
"##ally"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 82,
"end_token_idx": 83,
"identifier": "/wiki/Venus",
"tokens": [
"venus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 93,
"end_token_idx": 95,
"identifier": "/wiki/Isaac_Newton",
"tokens": [
"isaac",
"newton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 101,
"end_token_idx": 108,
"identifier": "/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica",
"tokens": [
"pri",
"##nc",
"##ip",
"##ia",
"math",
"##ema",
"##tica"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 130,
"end_token_idx": 133,
"identifier": "/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion",
"tokens": [
"laws",
"of",
"motion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 135,
"end_token_idx": 136,
"identifier": "/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation",
"tokens": [
"gravity"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 160,
"end_token_idx": 162,
"identifier": "/wiki/John_Locke",
"tokens": [
"john",
"locke"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 186,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet",
"tokens": [
"a",
"comet"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 221,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger",
"tokens": [
"seneca"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 280,
"end_token_idx": 282,
"identifier": "/wiki/Uranus",
"tokens": [
"ur",
"##anus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 309,
"end_token_idx": 312,
"identifier": "/wiki/Friedrich_Bessel",
"tokens": [
"friedrich",
"be",
"##ssel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 315,
"end_token_idx": 319,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stellar_parallax",
"tokens": [
"stellar",
"para",
"##lla",
"##x"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 353,
"end_token_idx": 354,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neptune",
"tokens": [
"neptune"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 385,
"end_token_idx": 390,
"identifier": "/wiki/Perihelion_precession_of_Mercury",
"tokens": [
"mercury",
"'",
"s",
"orbital",
"anomaly"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 395,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vulcan_(hypothetical_planet)",
"tokens": [
"vulcan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Albert_Einstein",
"tokens": [
"albert",
"einstein"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 417,
"end_token_idx": 419,
"identifier": "/wiki/General_relativity",
"tokens": [
"general",
"relativity"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 440,
"end_token_idx": 443,
"identifier": "/wiki/Space_telescope",
"tokens": [
"telescopes",
"in",
"space"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 481,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sun%27s_corona",
"tokens": [
"sun",
"'",
"s",
"corona"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 487,
"end_token_idx": 488,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pluto",
"tokens": [
"pluto"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 489,
"end_token_idx": 491,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)",
"tokens": [
"ce",
"##res"
]
}
] | [
101,
2009,
1012,
21359,
14634,
15876,
2100,
21230,
2628,
2006,
2013,
2122,
9420,
2011,
13648,
14784,
1005,
1055,
4231,
16537,
1998,
1996,
4338,
1997,
1996,
7635,
1997,
14784,
1012,
1999,
16785,
2581,
1010,
21773,
19769,
2100,
5159,
1037,
6671,
1997,
8714,
2408,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2877,
2032,
2000,
5382,
2008,
9420,
1997,
1996,
5943,
11498,
4571,
2595,
1997,
1037,
4774,
1006,
2062,
28946,
2478,
1996,
6671,
1997,
11691,
1007,
2071,
2022,
2109,
2000,
13012,
7446,
28993,
3973,
5646,
1996,
12103,
2090,
3011,
1010,
11691,
1010,
1998,
1996,
3103,
1012,
19769,
2100,
1005,
1055,
2767,
7527,
8446,
1010,
1999,
2010,
23848,
12911,
4818,
26927,
12273,
11514,
2401,
8785,
14545,
22723,
1997,
16923,
2581,
1010,
7645,
2008,
17617,
4230,
2024,
2025,
21864,
17340,
5054,
20925,
2135,
2367,
2013,
29520,
3924,
1024,
1996,
2168,
4277,
1997,
4367,
1998,
1997,
8992,
6611,
2006,
3011,
1998,
1999,
1996,
15717,
1012,
1024,
16087,
1996,
2744,
1000,
5943,
2291,
1000,
3133,
1996,
2394,
2653,
2011,
27769,
1010,
2043,
2198,
18343,
2109,
2009,
2000,
6523,
2000,
1996,
3103,
1010,
11358,
1010,
1998,
27138,
1012,
1999,
29326,
1010,
19769,
2100,
3651,
2008,
5567,
29426,
2015,
1997,
1037,
15699,
2020,
1997,
1996,
2168,
4874,
1010,
4192,
5570,
2320,
2296,
4293,
1516,
6146,
2086,
1012,
2023,
2001,
1996,
2034,
3350,
2008,
2505,
2060,
2084,
1996,
11358,
8385,
8753,
2098,
1996,
3103,
1010,
2295,
21224,
2018,
14833,
18425,
2023,
2055,
27138,
1999,
1996,
3083,
2301,
1012,
6176,
9420,
1997,
1996,
20663,
6671,
1997,
11691,
3039,
26357,
2000,
18422,
1996,
2779,
3011,
1516,
3103,
3292,
2004,
6109,
1010,
5824,
2575,
1010,
7706,
2661,
1006,
5018,
1010,
6640,
2620,
1010,
5385,
2463,
1007,
1010,
2069,
1014,
1012,
1022,
1003,
3618,
2084,
1996,
2715,
3643,
1012,
24471,
20849,
1010,
2383,
5681,
2042,
5159,
2144,
24765,
1998,
4298,
2013,
16433,
1010,
2001,
3858,
2000,
2022,
1037,
4774,
26472,
3458,
14784,
2011,
15331,
1012,
1999,
9931,
1010,
8896,
2022,
21218,
5147,
7594,
1037,
17227,
11498,
4571,
2595,
1010,
2019,
6835,
5670,
1999,
1996,
2597,
1997,
1037,
2732,
2580,
2011,
3011,
1005,
1055,
4367,
2105,
1996,
3103,
1010,
4346,
1996,
2034,
3622,
1010,
6388,
6947,
1997,
2002,
12798,
13013,
6935,
2213,
1012,
21167,
2001,
4453,
2004,
1037,
4774,
2070,
2086,
2101,
1010,
1999,
9244,
1010,
4283,
2000,
2049,
19790,
4139,
4786,
1037,
7263,
2021,
11487,
3085,
8386,
1999,
1996,
8753,
1997,
24471,
20849,
1012,
8714,
1005,
1055,
13943,
28685,
9420,
2419,
2000,
17193,
2005,
25993,
1010,
1037,
4774,
4592,
1997,
8714,
1010,
2021,
2122,
4740,
2020,
24209,
11823,
2098,
2007,
4789,
15313,
1005,
1055,
3399,
1997,
2236,
20805,
1999,
4936,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3983,
2301,
1010,
4286,
2211,
2037,
2686,
8993,
2105,
1996,
5943,
2291,
1010,
3225,
2007,
6885,
28026,
1999,
2686,
2144,
1996,
4120,
1012,
2011,
2960,
1010,
2035,
2809,
11358,
2031,
2042,
4716,
2011,
2686,
15113,
2015,
1012,
15113,
2015,
2031,
2513,
8168,
2013,
27138,
1998,
26732,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
10583,
2083,
1996,
3103,
1005,
1055,
21887,
1998,
4716,
2048,
11229,
11358,
1006,
26930,
1998,
8292,
6072,
1007,
1012,
2000,
3828,
2006,
4762,
1010,
2070,
2686,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"missions",
"make",
"use",
"of",
"gravity",
"assist",
"maneuvers",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"two",
"<",
"i",
">",
"voyager",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
"probe",
"##s",
"accelerating",
"when",
"fly",
"##by",
"planets",
"in",
"the",
"outer",
"solar",
"system",
"and",
"the",
"parker",
"solar",
"probe",
"dec",
"##ele",
"##rating",
"closer",
"towards",
"the",
"sun",
"after",
"fly",
"##by",
"with",
"venus",
".",
"humans",
"have",
"landed",
"on",
"the",
"moon",
"during",
"the",
"apollo",
"program",
"in",
"the",
"1960s",
"and",
"1970s",
"and",
"will",
"return",
"to",
"the",
"moon",
"in",
"the",
"2020",
"##s",
"with",
"the",
"artemis",
"program",
".",
"discoveries",
"in",
"the",
"20th",
"and",
"21st",
"century",
"has",
"prompted",
"the",
"red",
"##ef",
"##ini",
"##tion",
"of",
"the",
"term",
"<",
"i",
">",
"planet",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
"in",
"2006",
",",
"hence",
"the",
"demo",
"##tion",
"of",
"pluto",
"to",
"a",
"dwarf",
"planet",
",",
"and",
"further",
"interest",
"in",
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"objects",
".",
"solar",
"system",
"→",
"local",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"cloud",
"→",
"local",
"bubble",
"→",
"gould",
"belt",
"→",
"orion",
"arm",
"→",
"milky",
"way",
"→",
"milky",
"way",
"subgroup",
"→",
"local",
"group",
"→",
"local",
"sheet",
"→",
"vi",
"##rgo",
"super",
"##cl",
"##ust",
"##er",
"→",
"lan",
"##ia",
"##ke",
"##a",
"super",
"##cl",
"##ust",
"##er",
"→",
"local",
"hole",
"→",
"ob",
"##ser",
"##vable",
"universe",
"→",
"universe",
"each",
"arrow",
"(",
"→",
")",
"may",
"be",
"read",
"as",
"\"",
"within",
"\"",
"or",
"\"",
"part",
"of",
"\"",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 4,
"end_token_idx": 7,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gravity_assist",
"tokens": [
"gravity",
"assist",
"maneuvers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 12,
"end_token_idx": 22,
"identifier": "/wiki/Voyager_program",
"tokens": [
"<",
"i",
">",
"voyager",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
"probe",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 34,
"end_token_idx": 37,
"identifier": "/wiki/Parker_Solar_Probe",
"tokens": [
"parker",
"solar",
"probe"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 58,
"end_token_idx": 60,
"identifier": "/wiki/Apollo_program",
"tokens": [
"apollo",
"program"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 77,
"end_token_idx": 79,
"identifier": "/wiki/Artemis_program",
"tokens": [
"artemis",
"program"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 90,
"end_token_idx": 105,
"identifier": "/wiki/Definition_of_planet",
"tokens": [
"red",
"##ef",
"##ini",
"##tion",
"of",
"the",
"term",
"<",
"i",
">",
"planet",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 123,
"end_token_idx": 130,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object",
"tokens": [
"trans",
"-",
"ne",
"##pt",
"##uni",
"##an",
"objects"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 134,
"end_token_idx": 138,
"identifier": "/wiki/Local_Interstellar_Cloud",
"tokens": [
"local",
"inter",
"##stellar",
"cloud"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 139,
"end_token_idx": 141,
"identifier": "/wiki/Local_Bubble",
"tokens": [
"local",
"bubble"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 142,
"end_token_idx": 144,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gould_Belt",
"tokens": [
"gould",
"belt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 145,
"end_token_idx": 147,
"identifier": "/wiki/Orion_Arm",
"tokens": [
"orion",
"arm"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 148,
"end_token_idx": 150,
"identifier": "/wiki/Milky_Way",
"tokens": [
"milky",
"way"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 151,
"end_token_idx": 154,
"identifier": "/wiki/Satellite_galaxies_of_the_Milky_Way",
"tokens": [
"milky",
"way",
"subgroup"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 155,
"end_token_idx": 157,
"identifier": "/wiki/Local_Group",
"tokens": [
"local",
"group"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 158,
"end_token_idx": 160,
"identifier": "/wiki/Local_Sheet",
"tokens": [
"local",
"sheet"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 161,
"end_token_idx": 167,
"identifier": "/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster",
"tokens": [
"vi",
"##rgo",
"super",
"##cl",
"##ust",
"##er"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 168,
"end_token_idx": 176,
"identifier": "/wiki/Laniakea_Supercluster",
"tokens": [
"lan",
"##ia",
"##ke",
"##a",
"super",
"##cl",
"##ust",
"##er"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 177,
"end_token_idx": 179,
"identifier": "/wiki/Local_Hole",
"tokens": [
"local",
"hole"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 184,
"identifier": "/wiki/Observable_universe",
"tokens": [
"ob",
"##ser",
"##vable",
"universe"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 185,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Universe",
"tokens": [
"universe"
]
}
] | [
101,
6416,
2191,
2224,
1997,
8992,
6509,
23802,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1996,
2048,
1026,
1045,
1028,
23493,
1026,
1013,
1045,
1028,
15113,
2015,
29494,
2043,
4875,
3762,
11358,
1999,
1996,
6058,
5943,
2291,
1998,
1996,
6262,
5943,
15113,
11703,
12260,
15172,
3553,
2875,
1996,
3103,
2044,
4875,
3762,
2007,
11691,
1012,
4286,
2031,
5565,
2006,
1996,
4231,
2076,
1996,
9348,
2565,
1999,
1996,
4120,
1998,
3955,
1998,
2097,
2709,
2000,
1996,
4231,
1999,
1996,
12609,
2015,
2007,
1996,
19063,
2565,
1012,
15636,
1999,
1996,
3983,
1998,
7398,
2301,
2038,
9469,
1996,
2417,
12879,
5498,
3508,
1997,
1996,
2744,
1026,
1045,
1028,
4774,
1026,
1013,
1045,
1028,
1999,
2294,
1010,
6516,
1996,
9703,
3508,
1997,
26930,
2000,
1037,
11229,
4774,
1010,
1998,
2582,
3037,
1999,
9099,
1011,
11265,
13876,
19496,
2319,
5200,
1012,
5943,
2291,
1585,
2334,
6970,
29028,
6112,
1585,
2334,
11957,
1585,
14913,
5583,
1585,
18747,
2849,
1585,
21582,
2126,
1585,
21582,
2126,
20576,
1585,
2334,
2177,
1585,
2334,
7123,
1585,
6819,
18581,
3565,
20464,
19966,
2121,
1585,
17595,
2401,
3489,
2050,
3565,
20464,
19966,
2121,
1585,
2334,
4920,
1585,
27885,
8043,
12423,
5304,
1585,
5304,
2169,
8612,
1006,
1585,
1007,
2089,
2022,
3191,
2004,
1000,
2306,
1000,
2030,
1000,
2112,
1997,
1000,
1012,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"asia",
"-",
"pacific",
"mediterranean",
"and",
"middle",
"east",
"other",
"campaigns",
"coup",
"##s",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"[",
"b",
"]",
"or",
"the",
"second",
"world",
"war",
"(",
"1",
"september",
"1939",
"–",
"2",
"september",
"1945",
")",
"was",
"a",
"global",
"conflict",
"between",
"two",
"alliances",
":",
"the",
"allies",
"and",
"the",
"axis",
"powers",
".",
"nearly",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"countries",
",",
"including",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"great",
"powers",
",",
"participated",
"in",
"the",
"conflict",
",",
"and",
"many",
"invested",
"all",
"available",
"economic",
",",
"industrial",
",",
"and",
"scientific",
"capabilities",
"in",
"pursuit",
"of",
"total",
"war",
",",
"blur",
"##ring",
"the",
"distinction",
"between",
"civilian",
"and",
"military",
"resources",
".",
"aircraft",
"played",
"a",
"major",
"role",
",",
"enabling",
"the",
"strategic",
"bombing",
"of",
"population",
"centres",
"and",
"delivery",
"of",
"the",
"only",
"two",
"nuclear",
"weapons",
"ever",
"used",
"in",
"war",
".",
"it",
"was",
"by",
"far",
"the",
"dead",
"##liest",
"conflict",
"in",
"history",
",",
"resulting",
"in",
"70",
"–",
"85",
"million",
"fatalities",
".",
"millions",
"died",
"due",
"to",
"genocide",
"##s",
",",
"including",
"the",
"holocaust",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"starvation",
",",
"massacre",
"##s",
",",
"and",
"disease",
".",
"in",
"the",
"wake",
"of",
"axis",
"defeat",
",",
"germany",
",",
"austria",
",",
"japan",
"and",
"korea",
"were",
"occupied",
",",
"and",
"war",
"crime",
"tribunal",
"##s",
"were",
"conducted",
"against",
"german",
"and",
"japanese",
"leaders",
".",
"the",
"causes",
"of",
"the",
"war",
"are",
"debated",
";",
"contributing",
"factors",
"included",
"the",
"rise",
"of",
"fascism",
"in",
"europe",
",",
"the",
"spanish",
"civil",
"war",
",",
"the",
"second",
"sino",
"-",
"japanese",
"war",
",",
"soviet",
"–",
"japanese",
"border",
"conflicts",
",",
"and",
"tensions",
"in",
"the",
"aftermath",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"i",
".",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"is",
"generally",
"considered",
"to",
"have",
"begun",
"on",
"1",
"september",
"1939",
",",
"when",
"nazi",
"germany",
",",
"under",
"adolf",
"hitler",
",",
"invaded",
"poland",
".",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"france",
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"germany",
"on",
"3",
"september",
".",
"under",
"the",
"mo",
"##lot",
"##ov",
"–",
"rib",
"##ben",
"##tro",
"##p",
"pact",
"of",
"august",
"1939",
",",
"germany",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"had",
"partition",
"##ed",
"poland",
"and",
"marked",
"out",
"their",
"\"",
"spheres",
"of",
"influence",
"\"",
"across",
"finland",
",",
"estonia",
",",
"latvia",
",",
"lithuania",
",",
"and",
"romania",
".",
"from",
"late",
"1939",
"to",
"early",
"1941",
",",
"in",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"campaigns",
"and",
"treaties",
",",
"germany",
"conquered",
"or",
"controlled",
"much",
"of",
"continental",
"europe",
"in",
"a",
"military",
"alliance",
"called",
"the",
"axis",
"with",
"italy",
",",
"japan",
",",
"and",
"other",
"countries",
".",
"following",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"campaigns",
"in",
"north",
"and",
"east",
"africa",
",",
"and",
"the",
"fall",
"of",
"france",
"in",
"mid",
"-",
"1940",
",",
"the",
"war",
"continued",
"primarily",
"between",
"the",
"european",
"axis",
"powers",
"and",
"the",
"british",
"empire",
",",
"with",
"the",
"war",
"in",
"the",
"balkans",
",",
"the",
"aerial",
"battle",
"of",
"britain",
",",
"the",
"blitz",
"of",
"the",
"uk",
",",
"and",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"the",
"atlantic",
".",
"in",
"june",
"1941",
",",
"germany",
"led",
"the",
"european",
"axis",
"powers",
"in",
"an",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"opening",
"the",
"eastern",
"front",
".",
"japan",
"aimed",
"to",
"dominate",
"east",
"asia",
"and",
"the",
"asia",
"-",
"pacific",
",",
"and",
"by",
"1937",
"was",
"at",
"war",
"with",
"the",
"republic",
"of",
"china",
".",
"in",
"december",
"1941",
",",
"japan",
"attacked",
"american",
"and",
"british",
"territories",
"with",
"near",
"-",
"simultaneous",
"offensive",
"##s",
"against",
"southeast",
"asia",
"and",
"the",
"central",
"pacific",
",",
"including",
"an",
"attack",
"on",
"pearl",
"harbor",
"which",
"resulted"
] | [
0,
1,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 0,
"end_token_idx": 3,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pacific_War",
"tokens": [
"asia",
"-",
"pacific"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 3,
"end_token_idx": 7,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"mediterranean",
"and",
"middle",
"east"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 33,
"end_token_idx": 35,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_war",
"tokens": [
"global",
"conflict"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 37,
"end_token_idx": 38,
"identifier": "/wiki/Military_alliances",
"tokens": [
"alliances"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 40,
"end_token_idx": 41,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"allies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 43,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/Axis_powers",
"tokens": [
"axis",
"powers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 46,
"end_token_idx": 54,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II_by_country",
"tokens": [
"nearly",
"all",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"countries"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 82,
"end_token_idx": 84,
"identifier": "/wiki/Total_war",
"tokens": [
"total",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 95,
"end_token_idx": 100,
"identifier": "/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"aircraft",
"played",
"a",
"major",
"role"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 103,
"end_token_idx": 105,
"identifier": "/wiki/Strategic_bombing",
"tokens": [
"strategic",
"bombing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 112,
"end_token_idx": 116,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki",
"tokens": [
"only",
"two",
"nuclear",
"weapons"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 126,
"end_token_idx": 129,
"identifier": "/wiki/List_of_wars_by_death_toll",
"tokens": [
"dead",
"##liest",
"conflict"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 134,
"end_token_idx": 139,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II_casualties",
"tokens": [
"70",
"–",
"85",
"million",
"fatalities"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 144,
"end_token_idx": 146,
"identifier": "/wiki/Genocides",
"tokens": [
"genocide",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 148,
"end_token_idx": 150,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Holocaust",
"tokens": [
"the",
"holocaust"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 169,
"end_token_idx": 170,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany",
"tokens": [
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 171,
"end_token_idx": 172,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria",
"tokens": [
"austria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 173,
"end_token_idx": 174,
"identifier": "/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan",
"tokens": [
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 175,
"end_token_idx": 176,
"identifier": "/wiki/Division_of_Korea#Post–World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"korea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 182,
"identifier": "/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"war",
"crime"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 186,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nuremberg_trials",
"tokens": [
"against",
"german"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 189,
"end_token_idx": 191,
"identifier": "/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"leaders"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 197,
"identifier": "/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"causes",
"of",
"the",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 206,
"end_token_idx": 209,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe",
"tokens": [
"fascism",
"in",
"europe"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 211,
"end_token_idx": 214,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War",
"tokens": [
"spanish",
"civil",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 216,
"end_token_idx": 221,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War",
"tokens": [
"second",
"sino",
"-",
"japanese",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 222,
"end_token_idx": 227,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"–",
"japanese",
"border",
"conflicts"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 232,
"end_token_idx": 237,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I",
"tokens": [
"aftermath",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 253,
"end_token_idx": 255,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nazi_Germany",
"tokens": [
"nazi",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 257,
"end_token_idx": 259,
"identifier": "/wiki/Adolf_Hitler",
"tokens": [
"adolf",
"hitler"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 260,
"end_token_idx": 262,
"identifier": "/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 264,
"end_token_idx": 266,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1939)",
"tokens": [
"united",
"kingdom"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 267,
"end_token_idx": 268,
"identifier": "/wiki/French_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1939)",
"tokens": [
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 268,
"end_token_idx": 270,
"identifier": "/wiki/Declaration_of_war",
"tokens": [
"declared",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 287,
"identifier": "/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact",
"tokens": [
"mo",
"##lot",
"##ov",
"–",
"rib",
"##ben",
"##tro",
"##p",
"pact"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 294,
"end_token_idx": 296,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"union"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 299,
"end_token_idx": 300,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic",
"tokens": [
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 305,
"end_token_idx": 308,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sphere_of_influence",
"tokens": [
"spheres",
"of",
"influence"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 310,
"end_token_idx": 311,
"identifier": "/wiki/Winter_War",
"tokens": [
"finland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 312,
"end_token_idx": 317,
"identifier": "/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states",
"tokens": [
"estonia",
",",
"latvia",
",",
"lithuania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 319,
"end_token_idx": 320,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina",
"tokens": [
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 332,
"end_token_idx": 333,
"identifier": "/wiki/Military_campaign",
"tokens": [
"campaigns"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 334,
"end_token_idx": 335,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tripartite_Pact",
"tokens": [
"treaties"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 342,
"end_token_idx": 344,
"identifier": "/wiki/Continental_Europe",
"tokens": [
"continental",
"europe"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 352,
"end_token_idx": 353,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)",
"tokens": [
"italy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 354,
"end_token_idx": 355,
"identifier": "/wiki/Empire_of_Japan",
"tokens": [
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 366,
"end_token_idx": 367,
"identifier": "/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign",
"tokens": [
"north"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 368,
"end_token_idx": 370,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)",
"tokens": [
"east",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 373,
"end_token_idx": 376,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_France",
"tokens": [
"fall",
"of",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 392,
"end_token_idx": 394,
"identifier": "/wiki/British_Empire",
"tokens": [
"british",
"empire"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 400,
"end_token_idx": 401,
"identifier": "/wiki/Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)",
"tokens": [
"balkans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 404,
"end_token_idx": 407,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Britain",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"britain"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 408,
"end_token_idx": 410,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Blitz",
"tokens": [
"the",
"blitz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 416,
"end_token_idx": 420,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"the",
"atlantic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 432,
"end_token_idx": 438,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa",
"tokens": [
"an",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"soviet",
"union"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 441,
"end_token_idx": 443,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)",
"tokens": [
"eastern",
"front"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 447,
"end_token_idx": 455,
"identifier": "/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere",
"tokens": [
"dominate",
"east",
"asia",
"and",
"the",
"asia",
"-",
"pacific"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 464,
"end_token_idx": 467,
"identifier": "/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)",
"tokens": [
"republic",
"of",
"china"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 482,
"end_token_idx": 491,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pacific_War#Japanese_offensives,_1941–42",
"tokens": [
"offensive",
"##s",
"against",
"southeast",
"asia",
"and",
"the",
"central",
"pacific"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 494,
"end_token_idx": 498,
"identifier": "/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor",
"tokens": [
"attack",
"on",
"pearl",
"harbor"
]
}
] | [
101,
4021,
1011,
3534,
7095,
1998,
2690,
2264,
2060,
8008,
8648,
2015,
2088,
2162,
2462,
1031,
1038,
1033,
2030,
1996,
2117,
2088,
2162,
1006,
1015,
2244,
3912,
1516,
1016,
2244,
3386,
1007,
2001,
1037,
3795,
4736,
2090,
2048,
21277,
1024,
1996,
6956,
1998,
1996,
8123,
4204,
1012,
3053,
2035,
1997,
1996,
2088,
1005,
1055,
3032,
1010,
2164,
2035,
1997,
1996,
2307,
4204,
1010,
4194,
1999,
1996,
4736,
1010,
1998,
2116,
11241,
2035,
2800,
3171,
1010,
3919,
1010,
1998,
4045,
9859,
1999,
8463,
1997,
2561,
2162,
1010,
14819,
4892,
1996,
7835,
2090,
6831,
1998,
2510,
4219,
1012,
2948,
2209,
1037,
2350,
2535,
1010,
12067,
1996,
6143,
8647,
1997,
2313,
8941,
1998,
6959,
1997,
1996,
2069,
2048,
4517,
4255,
2412,
2109,
1999,
2162,
1012,
2009,
2001,
2011,
2521,
1996,
2757,
21292,
4736,
1999,
2381,
1010,
4525,
1999,
3963,
1516,
5594,
2454,
20871,
1012,
8817,
2351,
2349,
2000,
14052,
2015,
1010,
2164,
1996,
11513,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
22611,
1010,
9288,
2015,
1010,
1998,
4295,
1012,
1999,
1996,
5256,
1997,
8123,
4154,
1010,
2762,
1010,
5118,
1010,
2900,
1998,
4420,
2020,
4548,
1010,
1998,
2162,
4126,
12152,
2015,
2020,
4146,
2114,
2446,
1998,
2887,
4177,
1012,
1996,
5320,
1997,
1996,
2162,
2024,
15268,
1025,
8020,
5876,
2443,
1996,
4125,
1997,
23779,
1999,
2885,
1010,
1996,
3009,
2942,
2162,
1010,
1996,
2117,
19432,
1011,
2887,
2162,
1010,
3354,
1516,
2887,
3675,
9755,
1010,
1998,
13136,
1999,
1996,
10530,
1997,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1012,
2088,
2162,
2462,
2003,
3227,
2641,
2000,
2031,
5625,
2006,
1015,
2244,
3912,
1010,
2043,
6394,
2762,
1010,
2104,
12500,
8042,
1010,
10836,
3735,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
2605,
4161,
2162,
2006,
2762,
2006,
1017,
2244,
1012,
2104,
1996,
9587,
10994,
4492,
1516,
19395,
10609,
13181,
2361,
14790,
1997,
2257,
3912,
1010,
2762,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2018,
13571,
2098,
3735,
1998,
4417,
2041,
2037,
1000,
19885,
1997,
3747,
1000,
2408,
6435,
1010,
10692,
1010,
12429,
1010,
9838,
1010,
1998,
6339,
1012,
2013,
2397,
3912,
2000,
2220,
3874,
1010,
1999,
1037,
2186,
1997,
8008,
1998,
16013,
1010,
2762,
11438,
2030,
4758,
2172,
1997,
6803,
2885,
1999,
1037,
2510,
4707,
2170,
1996,
8123,
2007,
3304,
1010,
2900,
1010,
1998,
2060,
3032,
1012,
2206,
1996,
14447,
1997,
8008,
1999,
2167,
1998,
2264,
3088,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2991,
1997,
2605,
1999,
3054,
1011,
3878,
1010,
1996,
2162,
2506,
3952,
2090,
1996,
2647,
8123,
4204,
1998,
1996,
2329,
3400,
1010,
2007,
1996,
2162,
1999,
1996,
19733,
1010,
1996,
9682,
2645,
1997,
3725,
1010,
1996,
22312,
1997,
1996,
2866,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2645,
1997,
1996,
4448,
1012,
1999,
2238,
3874,
1010,
2762,
2419,
1996,
2647,
8123,
4204,
1999,
2019,
5274,
1997,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
3098,
1996,
2789,
2392,
1012,
2900,
6461,
2000,
16083,
2264,
4021,
1998,
1996,
4021,
1011,
3534,
1010,
1998,
2011,
4347,
2001,
2012,
2162,
2007,
1996,
3072,
1997,
2859,
1012,
1999,
2285,
3874,
1010,
2900,
4457,
2137,
1998,
2329,
6500,
2007,
2379,
1011,
17424,
5805,
2015,
2114,
4643,
4021,
1998,
1996,
2430,
3534,
1010,
2164,
2019,
2886,
2006,
7247,
6496,
2029,
4504,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"declaring",
"war",
"against",
"japan",
".",
"the",
"european",
"axis",
"powers",
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"the",
"us",
"in",
"solidarity",
".",
"japan",
"soon",
"conquered",
"much",
"of",
"the",
"western",
"pacific",
",",
"but",
"its",
"advances",
"were",
"halted",
"in",
"1942",
"after",
"losing",
"the",
"critical",
"battle",
"of",
"midway",
";",
"germany",
"and",
"italy",
"were",
"defeated",
"in",
"north",
"africa",
"and",
"at",
"stalin",
"##grad",
"in",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
".",
"key",
"set",
"##backs",
"in",
"1943",
"—",
"including",
"german",
"defeats",
"on",
"the",
"eastern",
"front",
",",
"the",
"allied",
"invasions",
"of",
"sicily",
"and",
"the",
"italian",
"mainland",
",",
"and",
"allied",
"offensive",
"##s",
"in",
"the",
"pacific",
"—",
"cost",
"the",
"axis",
"powers",
"their",
"initiative",
"and",
"forced",
"them",
"into",
"strategic",
"retreat",
"on",
"all",
"fronts",
".",
"in",
"1944",
",",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"invaded",
"german",
"-",
"occupied",
"france",
",",
"while",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"regained",
"its",
"territorial",
"losses",
"and",
"pushed",
"germany",
"and",
"its",
"allies",
"back",
".",
"during",
"1944",
"–",
"1945",
",",
"japan",
"suffered",
"reversal",
"##s",
"in",
"mainland",
"asia",
",",
"while",
"the",
"allies",
"crippled",
"the",
"japanese",
"navy",
"and",
"captured",
"key",
"western",
"pacific",
"islands",
".",
"the",
"war",
"in",
"europe",
"concluded",
"with",
"the",
"liberation",
"of",
"german",
"-",
"occupied",
"territories",
";",
"the",
"invasion",
"of",
"germany",
"by",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"culminating",
"in",
"the",
"fall",
"of",
"berlin",
"to",
"soviet",
"troops",
";",
"hitler",
"'",
"s",
"suicide",
";",
"and",
"the",
"german",
"un",
"##con",
"##ditional",
"surrender",
"on",
"8",
"may",
"1945",
".",
"following",
"the",
"refusal",
"of",
"japan",
"to",
"surrender",
"on",
"the",
"terms",
"of",
"the",
"potsdam",
"declaration",
",",
"the",
"us",
"dropped",
"the",
"first",
"atomic",
"bombs",
"on",
"hiroshima",
"on",
"6",
"august",
"and",
"nagasaki",
"on",
"9",
"august",
".",
"faced",
"with",
"imminent",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"japanese",
"archipelago",
",",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"more",
"atomic",
"bombings",
",",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"'",
"s",
"declared",
"entry",
"into",
"the",
"war",
"against",
"japan",
",",
"on",
"the",
"eve",
"of",
"invading",
"manchu",
"##ria",
",",
"japan",
"announced",
"on",
"10",
"august",
"its",
"intention",
"to",
"surrender",
",",
"signing",
"a",
"surrender",
"document",
"on",
"2",
"september",
"1945",
".",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"changed",
"the",
"political",
"alignment",
"and",
"social",
"structure",
"of",
"the",
"world",
",",
"and",
"it",
"set",
"the",
"foundation",
"for",
"the",
"international",
"order",
"for",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
"and",
"into",
"the",
"21st",
"century",
".",
"the",
"united",
"nations",
"was",
"established",
"to",
"foster",
"international",
"cooperation",
"and",
"prevent",
"conflicts",
",",
"with",
"the",
"victorious",
"great",
"powers",
"—",
"china",
",",
"france",
",",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"the",
"uk",
",",
"and",
"the",
"us",
"—",
"becoming",
"the",
"permanent",
"members",
"of",
"its",
"security",
"council",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"emerged",
"as",
"rival",
"super",
"##power",
"##s",
",",
"setting",
"the",
"stage",
"for",
"the",
"cold",
"war",
".",
"in",
"the",
"wake",
"of",
"european",
"devastation",
",",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"its",
"great",
"powers",
"wan",
"##ed",
",",
"triggering",
"the",
"deco",
"##lon",
"##isation",
"of",
"africa",
"and",
"asia",
".",
"most",
"countries",
"whose",
"industries",
"had",
"been",
"damaged",
"moved",
"towards",
"economic",
"recovery",
"and",
"expansion",
".",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"began",
"in",
"europe",
"on",
"1",
"september",
"1939",
"with",
"the",
"german",
"invasion",
"of",
"poland",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"france",
"'",
"s",
"declaration",
"of",
"war",
"on",
"germany",
"two",
"days",
"later",
"on",
"3",
"september",
"1939",
".",
"dates",
"for",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"the",
"pacific",
"war",
"include"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 22,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_declaration_of_war_against_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"european",
"axis",
"powers",
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"the",
"us"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 25,
"end_token_idx": 33,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pacific_War",
"tokens": [
"japan",
"soon",
"conquered",
"much",
"of",
"the",
"western",
"pacific"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 45,
"end_token_idx": 48,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Midway",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"midway"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 53,
"end_token_idx": 57,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tunisian_campaign",
"tokens": [
"defeated",
"in",
"north",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 59,
"end_token_idx": 61,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad",
"tokens": [
"stalin",
"##grad"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 81,
"end_token_idx": 85,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily",
"tokens": [
"allied",
"invasions",
"of",
"sicily"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 87,
"end_token_idx": 89,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"mainland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 120,
"end_token_idx": 125,
"identifier": "/wiki/Normandy_landings",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"german",
"-",
"occupied",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 130,
"end_token_idx": 134,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stalin%27s_ten_blows",
"tokens": [
"regained",
"its",
"territorial",
"losses"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 160,
"end_token_idx": 162,
"identifier": "/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"navy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 178,
"end_token_idx": 182,
"identifier": "/wiki/German-occupied_Europe",
"tokens": [
"german",
"-",
"occupied",
"territories"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 184,
"end_token_idx": 191,
"identifier": "/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany",
"tokens": [
"invasion",
"of",
"germany",
"by",
"the",
"western",
"allies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 199,
"end_token_idx": 202,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin",
"tokens": [
"fall",
"of",
"berlin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 206,
"end_token_idx": 210,
"identifier": "/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler",
"tokens": [
"hitler",
"'",
"s",
"suicide"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 214,
"end_token_idx": 218,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender",
"tokens": [
"un",
"##con",
"##ditional",
"surrender"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 219,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day",
"tokens": [
"8",
"may",
"1945"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 235,
"end_token_idx": 237,
"identifier": "/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration",
"tokens": [
"potsdam",
"declaration"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 240,
"end_token_idx": 245,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki",
"tokens": [
"dropped",
"the",
"first",
"atomic",
"bombs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 246,
"end_token_idx": 247,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hiroshima",
"tokens": [
"hiroshima"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 251,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nagasaki",
"tokens": [
"nagasaki"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 264,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Downfall",
"tokens": [
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"japanese",
"archipelago"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 280,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War",
"tokens": [
"declared",
"entry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 290,
"end_token_idx": 293,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria",
"tokens": [
"invading",
"manchu",
"##ria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 305,
"end_token_idx": 308,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender",
"tokens": [
"a",
"surrender",
"document"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 309,
"end_token_idx": 312,
"identifier": "/wiki/Victory_over_Japan_Day",
"tokens": [
"2",
"september",
"1945"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 350,
"end_token_idx": 352,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Nations",
"tokens": [
"united",
"nations"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 384,
"end_token_idx": 387,
"identifier": "/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council",
"tokens": [
"the",
"permanent",
"members"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 388,
"end_token_idx": 391,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council",
"tokens": [
"its",
"security",
"council"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 402,
"end_token_idx": 405,
"identifier": "/wiki/Superpower",
"tokens": [
"super",
"##power",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cold_War",
"tokens": [
"cold",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 432,
"end_token_idx": 437,
"identifier": "/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa",
"tokens": [
"deco",
"##lon",
"##isation",
"of",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 438,
"end_token_idx": 439,
"identifier": "/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Asia",
"tokens": [
"asia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 449,
"end_token_idx": 453,
"identifier": "/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_economic_expansion",
"tokens": [
"economic",
"recovery",
"and",
"expansion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 466,
"end_token_idx": 470,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_invasion_of_Poland",
"tokens": [
"german",
"invasion",
"of",
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 472,
"end_token_idx": 474,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1939)",
"tokens": [
"united",
"kingdom"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 475,
"end_token_idx": 476,
"identifier": "/wiki/French_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1939)",
"tokens": [
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 497,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pacific_War",
"tokens": [
"pacific",
"war"
]
}
] | [
101,
1999,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2983,
13752,
2162,
2114,
2900,
1012,
1996,
2647,
8123,
4204,
4161,
2162,
2006,
1996,
2149,
1999,
14657,
1012,
2900,
2574,
11438,
2172,
1997,
1996,
2530,
3534,
1010,
2021,
2049,
9849,
2020,
12705,
1999,
3758,
2044,
3974,
1996,
4187,
2645,
1997,
12213,
1025,
2762,
1998,
3304,
2020,
3249,
1999,
2167,
3088,
1998,
2012,
13125,
16307,
1999,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1012,
3145,
2275,
12221,
1999,
3826,
1517,
2164,
2446,
14222,
2006,
1996,
2789,
2392,
1010,
1996,
6035,
23536,
1997,
12071,
1998,
1996,
3059,
8240,
1010,
1998,
6035,
5805,
2015,
1999,
1996,
3534,
1517,
3465,
1996,
8123,
4204,
2037,
6349,
1998,
3140,
2068,
2046,
6143,
7822,
2006,
2035,
21430,
1012,
1999,
3646,
1010,
1996,
2530,
6956,
10836,
2446,
1011,
4548,
2605,
1010,
2096,
1996,
3354,
2586,
11842,
2049,
7894,
6409,
1998,
3724,
2762,
1998,
2049,
6956,
2067,
1012,
2076,
3646,
1516,
3386,
1010,
2900,
4265,
23163,
2015,
1999,
8240,
4021,
1010,
2096,
1996,
6956,
24433,
1996,
2887,
3212,
1998,
4110,
3145,
2530,
3534,
3470,
1012,
1996,
2162,
1999,
2885,
5531,
2007,
1996,
7931,
1997,
2446,
1011,
4548,
6500,
1025,
1996,
5274,
1997,
2762,
2011,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
16979,
1999,
1996,
2991,
1997,
4068,
2000,
3354,
3629,
1025,
8042,
1005,
1055,
5920,
1025,
1998,
1996,
2446,
4895,
8663,
27064,
7806,
2006,
1022,
2089,
3386,
1012,
2206,
1996,
13948,
1997,
2900,
2000,
7806,
2006,
1996,
3408,
1997,
1996,
26554,
8170,
1010,
1996,
2149,
3333,
1996,
2034,
9593,
9767,
2006,
20168,
2006,
1020,
2257,
1998,
27107,
2006,
1023,
2257,
1012,
4320,
2007,
17566,
5274,
1997,
1996,
2887,
13888,
1010,
1996,
6061,
1997,
2062,
9593,
20109,
1010,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1005,
1055,
4161,
4443,
2046,
1996,
2162,
2114,
2900,
1010,
2006,
1996,
6574,
1997,
17657,
26650,
4360,
1010,
2900,
2623,
2006,
2184,
2257,
2049,
6808,
2000,
7806,
1010,
6608,
1037,
7806,
6254,
2006,
1016,
2244,
3386,
1012,
2088,
2162,
2462,
2904,
1996,
2576,
12139,
1998,
2591,
3252,
1997,
1996,
2088,
1010,
1998,
2009,
2275,
1996,
3192,
2005,
1996,
2248,
2344,
2005,
1996,
2717,
1997,
1996,
3983,
2301,
1998,
2046,
1996,
7398,
2301,
1012,
1996,
2142,
3741,
2001,
2511,
2000,
6469,
2248,
6792,
1998,
4652,
9755,
1010,
2007,
1996,
13846,
2307,
4204,
1517,
2859,
1010,
2605,
1010,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
1996,
2866,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2149,
1517,
3352,
1996,
4568,
2372,
1997,
2049,
3036,
2473,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2163,
6003,
2004,
6538,
3565,
11452,
2015,
1010,
4292,
1996,
2754,
2005,
1996,
3147,
2162,
1012,
1999,
1996,
5256,
1997,
2647,
25594,
1010,
1996,
3747,
1997,
2049,
2307,
4204,
14071,
2098,
1010,
29170,
1996,
21933,
7811,
6648,
1997,
3088,
1998,
4021,
1012,
2087,
3032,
3005,
6088,
2018,
2042,
5591,
2333,
2875,
3171,
7233,
1998,
4935,
1012,
2088,
2162,
2462,
2211,
1999,
2885,
2006,
1015,
2244,
3912,
2007,
1996,
2446,
5274,
1997,
3735,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
2605,
1005,
1055,
8170,
1997,
2162,
2006,
2762,
2048,
2420,
2101,
2006,
1017,
2244,
3912,
1012,
5246,
2005,
1996,
2927,
1997,
1996,
3534,
2162,
2421,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"start",
"of",
"the",
"second",
"sino",
"-",
"japanese",
"war",
"on",
"7",
"july",
"1937",
",",
"or",
"the",
"earlier",
"japanese",
"invasion",
"of",
"manchu",
"##ria",
",",
"on",
"19",
"september",
"1931",
".",
"others",
"follow",
"the",
"british",
"historian",
"a",
".",
"j",
".",
"p",
".",
"taylor",
",",
"who",
"stated",
"that",
"the",
"sino",
"-",
"japanese",
"war",
"and",
"war",
"in",
"europe",
"and",
"its",
"colonies",
"occurred",
"simultaneously",
",",
"and",
"the",
"two",
"wars",
"became",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"in",
"1941",
".",
"other",
"theo",
"##rise",
"##d",
"starting",
"dates",
"for",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"include",
"the",
"italian",
"invasion",
"of",
"abyss",
"##inia",
"on",
"3",
"october",
"1935",
".",
"the",
"british",
"historian",
"antony",
"bee",
"##vor",
"views",
"the",
"beginning",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"as",
"the",
"battles",
"of",
"k",
"##hal",
"##kh",
"##in",
"go",
"##l",
"fought",
"between",
"japan",
"and",
"the",
"forces",
"of",
"mongolia",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"from",
"may",
"to",
"september",
"1939",
".",
"others",
"view",
"the",
"spanish",
"civil",
"war",
"as",
"the",
"start",
"or",
"prelude",
"to",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
".",
"the",
"exact",
"date",
"of",
"the",
"war",
"'",
"s",
"end",
"also",
"is",
"not",
"universally",
"agreed",
"upon",
".",
"it",
"was",
"generally",
"accepted",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"that",
"the",
"war",
"ended",
"with",
"the",
"armistice",
"of",
"15",
"august",
"1945",
"(",
"v",
"-",
"j",
"day",
")",
",",
"rather",
"than",
"with",
"the",
"formal",
"surrender",
"of",
"japan",
"on",
"2",
"september",
"1945",
",",
"which",
"officially",
"ended",
"the",
"war",
"in",
"asia",
".",
"a",
"peace",
"treaty",
"between",
"japan",
"and",
"the",
"allies",
"was",
"signed",
"in",
"1951",
".",
"a",
"1990",
"treaty",
"regarding",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"future",
"allowed",
"the",
"reunification",
"of",
"east",
"and",
"west",
"germany",
"to",
"take",
"place",
"and",
"resolved",
"most",
"post",
"–",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"issues",
".",
"no",
"formal",
"peace",
"treaty",
"between",
"japan",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"was",
"ever",
"signed",
",",
"although",
"the",
"state",
"of",
"war",
"between",
"the",
"two",
"countries",
"was",
"terminated",
"by",
"the",
"soviet",
"–",
"japanese",
"joint",
"declaration",
"of",
"1956",
",",
"which",
"also",
"restored",
"full",
"diplomatic",
"relations",
"between",
"them",
".",
"world",
"war",
"i",
"had",
"radically",
"altered",
"the",
"political",
"european",
"map",
"with",
"the",
"defeat",
"of",
"the",
"central",
"powers",
"—",
"including",
"austria",
"-",
"hungary",
",",
"germany",
",",
"bulgaria",
",",
"and",
"the",
"ottoman",
"empire",
"—",
"and",
"the",
"1917",
"bolshevik",
"seizure",
"of",
"power",
"in",
"russia",
",",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"founding",
"of",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
".",
"meanwhile",
",",
"the",
"victorious",
"allies",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"i",
",",
"such",
"as",
"france",
",",
"belgium",
",",
"italy",
",",
"romania",
",",
"and",
"greece",
",",
"gained",
"territory",
",",
"and",
"new",
"nation",
"-",
"states",
"were",
"created",
"out",
"of",
"the",
"dissolution",
"of",
"the",
"austro",
"-",
"hungarian",
",",
"ottoman",
",",
"and",
"russian",
"empires",
".",
"to",
"prevent",
"a",
"future",
"world",
"war",
",",
"the",
"league",
"of",
"nations",
"was",
"established",
"in",
"1920",
"by",
"the",
"paris",
"peace",
"conference",
".",
"the",
"organisation",
"'",
"s",
"primary",
"goals",
"were",
"to",
"prevent",
"armed",
"conflict",
"through",
"collective",
"security",
",",
"military",
",",
"and",
"naval",
"di",
"##sar",
"##mament",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"settling",
"international",
"disputes",
"through",
"peaceful",
"negotiations",
"and",
"arbitration",
".",
"despite",
"strong",
"pac",
"##if",
"##ist",
"sentiment",
"after",
"world",
"war",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"i",
",",
"ir",
"##red",
"##ent",
"##ist",
"and",
"rev",
"##an",
"##chi",
"##st",
"nationalism",
"had",
"emerged",
"in",
"several",
"european",
"states",
".",
"these",
"sentiments",
"were",
"especially"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 4,
"end_token_idx": 9,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War",
"tokens": [
"second",
"sino",
"-",
"japanese",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 17,
"end_token_idx": 22,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"invasion",
"of",
"manchu",
"##ria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 33,
"end_token_idx": 40,
"identifier": "/wiki/A._J._P._Taylor",
"tokens": [
"a",
".",
"j",
".",
"p",
".",
"taylor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 82,
"end_token_idx": 87,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"invasion",
"of",
"abyss",
"##inia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 95,
"end_token_idx": 98,
"identifier": "/wiki/Antony_Beevor",
"tokens": [
"antony",
"bee",
"##vor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 107,
"end_token_idx": 115,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol",
"tokens": [
"battles",
"of",
"k",
"##hal",
"##kh",
"##in",
"go",
"##l"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 117,
"end_token_idx": 118,
"identifier": "/wiki/Empire_of_Japan",
"tokens": [
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 122,
"end_token_idx": 123,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic",
"tokens": [
"mongolia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 125,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"union"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 136,
"end_token_idx": 139,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War",
"tokens": [
"spanish",
"civil",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 184,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Victory_over_Japan_Day",
"tokens": [
"v",
"-",
"j",
"day"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 195,
"end_token_idx": 198,
"identifier": "/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan",
"tokens": [
"surrender",
"of",
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 205,
"end_token_idx": 210,
"identifier": "/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia",
"tokens": [
"ended",
"the",
"war",
"in",
"asia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 212,
"end_token_idx": 219,
"identifier": "/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco",
"tokens": [
"peace",
"treaty",
"between",
"japan",
"and",
"the",
"allies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 226,
"end_token_idx": 232,
"identifier": "/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany",
"tokens": [
"treaty",
"regarding",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"future"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 234,
"end_token_idx": 240,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_reunification",
"tokens": [
"reunification",
"of",
"east",
"and",
"west",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 280,
"end_token_idx": 287,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Joint_Declaration_of_1956",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"–",
"japanese",
"joint",
"declaration",
"of",
"1956"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 297,
"end_token_idx": 300,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_I",
"tokens": [
"world",
"war",
"i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 312,
"end_token_idx": 314,
"identifier": "/wiki/Central_Powers",
"tokens": [
"central",
"powers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 316,
"end_token_idx": 319,
"identifier": "/wiki/Austria-Hungary",
"tokens": [
"austria",
"-",
"hungary"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 320,
"end_token_idx": 321,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_Empire",
"tokens": [
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 322,
"end_token_idx": 323,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria",
"tokens": [
"bulgaria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 326,
"end_token_idx": 328,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ottoman_Empire",
"tokens": [
"ottoman",
"empire"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 332,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/October_Revolution",
"tokens": [
"bolshevik",
"seizure",
"of",
"power"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 337,
"end_token_idx": 338,
"identifier": "/wiki/Russian_Republic",
"tokens": [
"russia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 353,
"end_token_idx": 358,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I",
"tokens": [
"allies",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 377,
"end_token_idx": 380,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nation_state",
"tokens": [
"nation",
"-",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 406,
"end_token_idx": 409,
"identifier": "/wiki/League_of_Nations",
"tokens": [
"league",
"of",
"nations"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 415,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)",
"tokens": [
"paris",
"peace",
"conference"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 437,
"end_token_idx": 441,
"identifier": "/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty",
"tokens": [
"naval",
"di",
"##sar",
"##mament"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 460,
"end_token_idx": 478,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I",
"tokens": [
"after",
"world",
"war",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 479,
"end_token_idx": 483,
"identifier": "/wiki/Irredentism",
"tokens": [
"ir",
"##red",
"##ent",
"##ist"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 484,
"end_token_idx": 488,
"identifier": "/wiki/Revanchism",
"tokens": [
"rev",
"##an",
"##chi",
"##st"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 488,
"end_token_idx": 489,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nationalism",
"tokens": [
"nationalism"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
2707,
1997,
1996,
2117,
19432,
1011,
2887,
2162,
2006,
1021,
2251,
4347,
1010,
2030,
1996,
3041,
2887,
5274,
1997,
26650,
4360,
1010,
2006,
2539,
2244,
4739,
1012,
2500,
3582,
1996,
2329,
5272,
1037,
1012,
1046,
1012,
1052,
1012,
4202,
1010,
2040,
3090,
2008,
1996,
19432,
1011,
2887,
2162,
1998,
2162,
1999,
2885,
1998,
2049,
8355,
4158,
7453,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2048,
5233,
2150,
2088,
2162,
2462,
1999,
3874,
1012,
2060,
14833,
29346,
2094,
3225,
5246,
2005,
2088,
2162,
2462,
2421,
1996,
3059,
5274,
1997,
22159,
23309,
2006,
1017,
2255,
4437,
1012,
1996,
2329,
5272,
16262,
10506,
14550,
5328,
1996,
2927,
1997,
2088,
2162,
2462,
2004,
1996,
7465,
1997,
1047,
8865,
10023,
2378,
2175,
2140,
4061,
2090,
2900,
1998,
1996,
2749,
1997,
13906,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2013,
2089,
2000,
2244,
3912,
1012,
2500,
3193,
1996,
3009,
2942,
2162,
2004,
1996,
2707,
2030,
19508,
2000,
2088,
2162,
2462,
1012,
1996,
6635,
3058,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1005,
1055,
2203,
2036,
2003,
2025,
21186,
3530,
2588,
1012,
2009,
2001,
3227,
3970,
2012,
1996,
2051,
2008,
1996,
2162,
3092,
2007,
1996,
19125,
1997,
2321,
2257,
3386,
1006,
1058,
1011,
1046,
2154,
1007,
1010,
2738,
2084,
2007,
1996,
5337,
7806,
1997,
2900,
2006,
1016,
2244,
3386,
1010,
2029,
3985,
3092,
1996,
2162,
1999,
4021,
1012,
1037,
3521,
5036,
2090,
2900,
1998,
1996,
6956,
2001,
2772,
1999,
4131,
1012,
1037,
2901,
5036,
4953,
2762,
1005,
1055,
2925,
3039,
1996,
28044,
1997,
2264,
1998,
2225,
2762,
2000,
2202,
2173,
1998,
10395,
2087,
2695,
1516,
2088,
2162,
2462,
3314,
1012,
2053,
5337,
3521,
5036,
2090,
2900,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2001,
2412,
2772,
1010,
2348,
1996,
2110,
1997,
2162,
2090,
1996,
2048,
3032,
2001,
12527,
2011,
1996,
3354,
1516,
2887,
4101,
8170,
1997,
3838,
1010,
2029,
2036,
5854,
2440,
8041,
4262,
2090,
2068,
1012,
2088,
2162,
1045,
2018,
25796,
8776,
1996,
2576,
2647,
4949,
2007,
1996,
4154,
1997,
1996,
2430,
4204,
1517,
2164,
5118,
1011,
5872,
1010,
2762,
1010,
8063,
1010,
1998,
1996,
6188,
3400,
1517,
1998,
1996,
4585,
24477,
18634,
1997,
2373,
1999,
3607,
1010,
2029,
2419,
2000,
1996,
4889,
1997,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1012,
5564,
1010,
1996,
13846,
6956,
1997,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1010,
2107,
2004,
2605,
1010,
5706,
1010,
3304,
1010,
6339,
1010,
1998,
5483,
1010,
4227,
3700,
1010,
1998,
2047,
3842,
1011,
2163,
2020,
2580,
2041,
1997,
1996,
12275,
1997,
1996,
16951,
1011,
5588,
1010,
6188,
1010,
1998,
2845,
23560,
1012,
2000,
4652,
1037,
2925,
2088,
2162,
1010,
1996,
2223,
1997,
3741,
2001,
2511,
1999,
4444,
2011,
1996,
3000,
3521,
3034,
1012,
1996,
5502,
1005,
1055,
3078,
3289,
2020,
2000,
4652,
4273,
4736,
2083,
7268,
3036,
1010,
2510,
1010,
1998,
3987,
4487,
10286,
28119,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
9853,
2248,
11936,
2083,
9379,
7776,
1998,
18010,
1012,
2750,
2844,
14397,
10128,
2923,
15792,
2044,
2088,
2162,
1026,
8487,
2465,
1027,
1000,
2085,
2527,
2361,
1000,
1028,
1026,
1013,
8487,
1028,
1045,
1010,
20868,
5596,
4765,
2923,
1998,
7065,
2319,
5428,
3367,
14594,
2018,
6003,
1999,
2195,
2647,
2163,
1012,
2122,
23541,
2020,
2926,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"marked",
"in",
"germany",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"significant",
"territorial",
",",
"colonial",
",",
"and",
"financial",
"losses",
"imposed",
"by",
"the",
"treaty",
"of",
"versailles",
".",
"under",
"the",
"treaty",
",",
"germany",
"lost",
"around",
"13",
"percent",
"of",
"its",
"home",
"territory",
"and",
"all",
"its",
"overseas",
"possessions",
",",
"while",
"german",
"annexation",
"of",
"other",
"states",
"was",
"prohibited",
",",
"rep",
"##arat",
"##ions",
"were",
"imposed",
",",
"and",
"limits",
"were",
"placed",
"on",
"the",
"size",
"and",
"capability",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"'",
"s",
"armed",
"forces",
".",
"the",
"german",
"empire",
"was",
"dissolved",
"in",
"the",
"german",
"revolution",
"of",
"1918",
"–",
"1919",
",",
"and",
"a",
"democratic",
"government",
",",
"later",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"weimar",
"republic",
",",
"was",
"created",
".",
"the",
"inter",
"##war",
"period",
"saw",
"strife",
"between",
"supporters",
"of",
"the",
"new",
"republic",
"and",
"hard",
"##line",
"opponents",
"on",
"both",
"the",
"political",
"right",
"and",
"left",
".",
"italy",
",",
"as",
"an",
"en",
"##ten",
"##te",
"ally",
",",
"had",
"made",
"some",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"territorial",
"gains",
";",
"however",
",",
"italian",
"nationalists",
"were",
"angered",
"that",
"the",
"promises",
"made",
"by",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"france",
"to",
"secure",
"italian",
"entrance",
"into",
"the",
"war",
"were",
"not",
"fulfilled",
"in",
"the",
"peace",
"settlement",
".",
"from",
"1922",
"to",
"1925",
",",
"the",
"fascist",
"movement",
"led",
"by",
"benito",
"mussolini",
"seized",
"power",
"in",
"italy",
"with",
"a",
"nationalist",
",",
"total",
"##itarian",
",",
"and",
"class",
"collaboration",
"##ist",
"agenda",
"that",
"abolished",
"representative",
"democracy",
",",
"rep",
"##ressed",
"socialist",
",",
"left",
"-",
"wing",
",",
"and",
"liberal",
"forces",
",",
"and",
"pursued",
"an",
"aggressive",
"expansion",
"##ist",
"foreign",
"policy",
"aimed",
"at",
"making",
"italy",
"a",
"world",
"power",
",",
"promising",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"a",
"\"",
"new",
"roman",
"empire",
"\"",
".",
"adolf",
"hitler",
",",
"after",
"an",
"unsuccessful",
"attempt",
"to",
"overthrow",
"the",
"german",
"government",
"in",
"1923",
",",
"eventually",
"became",
"the",
"chancellor",
"of",
"germany",
"in",
"1933",
"when",
"paul",
"von",
"hind",
"##enburg",
"and",
"the",
"reich",
"##sta",
"##g",
"appointed",
"him",
".",
"following",
"hind",
"##enburg",
"'",
"s",
"death",
"in",
"1934",
",",
"hitler",
"proclaimed",
"himself",
"fu",
"##hrer",
"of",
"germany",
"and",
"abolished",
"democracy",
",",
"es",
"##po",
"##using",
"a",
"radical",
",",
"racial",
"##ly",
"motivated",
"revision",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"order",
",",
"and",
"soon",
"began",
"a",
"massive",
"rear",
"##mament",
"campaign",
".",
"france",
",",
"seeking",
"to",
"secure",
"its",
"alliance",
"with",
"italy",
",",
"allowed",
"italy",
"a",
"free",
"hand",
"in",
"ethiopia",
",",
"which",
"italy",
"desired",
"as",
"a",
"colonial",
"possession",
".",
"the",
"situation",
"was",
"aggravated",
"in",
"early",
"1935",
"when",
"the",
"territory",
"of",
"the",
"sa",
"##ar",
"basin",
"was",
"legally",
"reunited",
"with",
"germany",
",",
"and",
"hitler",
"rep",
"##udi",
"##ated",
"the",
"treaty",
"of",
"versailles",
",",
"accelerated",
"his",
"rear",
"##mament",
"programme",
",",
"and",
"introduced",
"conscription",
".",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
",",
"france",
"and",
"italy",
"formed",
"the",
"st",
"##res",
"##a",
"front",
"in",
"april",
"1935",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"contain",
"germany",
",",
"a",
"key",
"step",
"towards",
"military",
"global",
"##isation",
";",
"however",
",",
"that",
"june",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"made",
"an",
"independent",
"naval",
"agreement",
"with",
"germany",
",",
"easing",
"prior",
"restrictions",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"concerned",
"by",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"goals",
"of",
"capturing",
"vast",
"areas",
"of",
"eastern",
"europe",
",",
"drafted",
"a",
"treaty",
"of",
"mutual",
"assistance",
"with",
"france",
".",
"before",
"taking",
"effect",
",",
"though",
",",
"the",
"franco",
"-",
"soviet",
"pact",
"was",
"required",
"to",
"go",
"through",
"the",
"bureaucracy",
"of",
"the",
"league",
"of",
"nations",
",",
"which",
"rendered",
"it",
"essentially",
"tooth",
"##less"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 17,
"end_token_idx": 20,
"identifier": "/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles",
"tokens": [
"treaty",
"of",
"versailles"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 36,
"end_token_idx": 39,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_colonial_empire",
"tokens": [
"its",
"overseas",
"possessions"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 49,
"end_token_idx": 52,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_I_reparations",
"tokens": [
"rep",
"##arat",
"##ions"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 69,
"end_token_idx": 71,
"identifier": "/wiki/Reichswehr",
"tokens": [
"armed",
"forces"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 79,
"end_token_idx": 85,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919",
"tokens": [
"german",
"revolution",
"of",
"1918",
"–",
"1919"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 95,
"end_token_idx": 97,
"identifier": "/wiki/Weimar_Republic",
"tokens": [
"weimar",
"republic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 151,
"end_token_idx": 153,
"identifier": "/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)",
"tokens": [
"promises",
"made"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 181,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_fascism",
"tokens": [
"fascist"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 184,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Benito_Mussolini",
"tokens": [
"benito",
"mussolini"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 194,
"end_token_idx": 196,
"identifier": "/wiki/Totalitarianism",
"tokens": [
"total",
"##itarian"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 198,
"end_token_idx": 201,
"identifier": "/wiki/Class_collaboration",
"tokens": [
"class",
"collaboration",
"##ist"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 244,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Roman_Empire",
"tokens": [
"new",
"roman",
"empire"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 246,
"end_token_idx": 248,
"identifier": "/wiki/Adolf_Hitler",
"tokens": [
"adolf",
"hitler"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 251,
"end_token_idx": 258,
"identifier": "/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch",
"tokens": [
"unsuccessful",
"attempt",
"to",
"overthrow",
"the",
"german",
"government"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 267,
"identifier": "/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power",
"tokens": [
"became",
"the",
"chancellor",
"of",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 270,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg",
"tokens": [
"paul",
"von",
"hind",
"##enburg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 306,
"end_token_idx": 316,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)",
"tokens": [
"radical",
",",
"racial",
"##ly",
"motivated",
"revision",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"order"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 322,
"end_token_idx": 325,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_rearmament",
"tokens": [
"rear",
"##mament",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 336,
"end_token_idx": 343,
"identifier": "/wiki/Franco-Italian_Agreement_of_1935",
"tokens": [
"allowed",
"italy",
"a",
"free",
"hand",
"in",
"ethiopia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 361,
"end_token_idx": 367,
"identifier": "/wiki/Territory_of_the_Saar_Basin",
"tokens": [
"territory",
"of",
"the",
"sa",
"##ar",
"basin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 402,
"end_token_idx": 406,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stresa_Front",
"tokens": [
"st",
"##res",
"##a",
"front"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 419,
"end_token_idx": 422,
"identifier": "/wiki/Military_globalization",
"tokens": [
"military",
"global",
"##isation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 433,
"end_token_idx": 436,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anglo-German_Naval_Agreement",
"tokens": [
"independent",
"naval",
"agreement"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 452,
"end_token_idx": 460,
"identifier": "/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten",
"tokens": [
"goals",
"of",
"capturing",
"vast",
"areas",
"of",
"eastern",
"europe"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 481,
"identifier": "/wiki/Franco-Soviet_Treaty_of_Mutual_Assistance",
"tokens": [
"franco",
"-",
"soviet",
"pact"
]
}
] | [
101,
4417,
1999,
2762,
2138,
1997,
1996,
3278,
7894,
1010,
5336,
1010,
1998,
3361,
6409,
9770,
2011,
1996,
5036,
1997,
18346,
1012,
2104,
1996,
5036,
1010,
2762,
2439,
2105,
2410,
3867,
1997,
2049,
2188,
3700,
1998,
2035,
2049,
6931,
13689,
1010,
2096,
2446,
18985,
1997,
2060,
2163,
2001,
10890,
1010,
16360,
25879,
8496,
2020,
9770,
1010,
1998,
6537,
2020,
2872,
2006,
1996,
2946,
1998,
10673,
1997,
1996,
2406,
1005,
1055,
4273,
2749,
1012,
1996,
2446,
3400,
2001,
8314,
1999,
1996,
2446,
4329,
1997,
4271,
1516,
4529,
1010,
1998,
1037,
3537,
2231,
1010,
2101,
2124,
2004,
1996,
20695,
3072,
1010,
2001,
2580,
1012,
1996,
6970,
9028,
2558,
2387,
27865,
2090,
6793,
1997,
1996,
2047,
3072,
1998,
2524,
4179,
7892,
2006,
2119,
1996,
2576,
2157,
1998,
2187,
1012,
3304,
1010,
2004,
2019,
4372,
6528,
2618,
9698,
1010,
2018,
2081,
2070,
2695,
1011,
2162,
7894,
12154,
1025,
2174,
1010,
3059,
17934,
2020,
18748,
2008,
1996,
10659,
2081,
2011,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
2605,
2000,
5851,
3059,
4211,
2046,
1996,
2162,
2020,
2025,
16829,
1999,
1996,
3521,
4093,
1012,
2013,
4798,
2000,
4849,
1010,
1996,
14870,
2929,
2419,
2011,
23595,
22554,
8243,
2373,
1999,
3304,
2007,
1037,
8986,
1010,
2561,
25691,
1010,
1998,
2465,
5792,
2923,
11376,
2008,
8961,
4387,
7072,
1010,
16360,
16119,
6102,
1010,
2187,
1011,
3358,
1010,
1998,
4314,
2749,
1010,
1998,
9505,
2019,
9376,
4935,
2923,
3097,
3343,
6461,
2012,
2437,
3304,
1037,
2088,
2373,
1010,
10015,
1996,
4325,
1997,
1037,
1000,
2047,
3142,
3400,
1000,
1012,
12500,
8042,
1010,
2044,
2019,
7736,
3535,
2000,
16857,
1996,
2446,
2231,
1999,
4927,
1010,
2776,
2150,
1996,
7306,
1997,
2762,
1999,
4537,
2043,
2703,
3854,
17666,
12059,
1998,
1996,
14365,
9153,
2290,
2805,
2032,
1012,
2206,
17666,
12059,
1005,
1055,
2331,
1999,
4579,
1010,
8042,
10116,
2370,
11865,
17875,
1997,
2762,
1998,
8961,
7072,
1010,
9686,
6873,
18161,
1037,
7490,
1010,
5762,
2135,
12774,
13921,
1997,
1996,
2088,
2344,
1010,
1998,
2574,
2211,
1037,
5294,
4373,
28119,
3049,
1012,
2605,
1010,
6224,
2000,
5851,
2049,
4707,
2007,
3304,
1010,
3039,
3304,
1037,
2489,
2192,
1999,
11154,
1010,
2029,
3304,
9059,
2004,
1037,
5336,
6664,
1012,
1996,
3663,
2001,
25817,
1999,
2220,
4437,
2043,
1996,
3700,
1997,
1996,
7842,
2906,
6403,
2001,
10142,
11653,
2007,
2762,
1010,
1998,
8042,
16360,
21041,
4383,
1996,
5036,
1997,
18346,
1010,
14613,
2010,
4373,
28119,
4746,
1010,
1998,
3107,
26329,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1010,
2605,
1998,
3304,
2719,
1996,
2358,
6072,
2050,
2392,
1999,
2258,
4437,
1999,
2344,
2000,
5383,
2762,
1010,
1037,
3145,
3357,
2875,
2510,
3795,
6648,
1025,
2174,
1010,
2008,
2238,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
2081,
2019,
2981,
3987,
3820,
2007,
2762,
1010,
24070,
3188,
9259,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
4986,
2011,
2762,
1005,
1055,
3289,
1997,
11847,
6565,
2752,
1997,
2789,
2885,
1010,
7462,
1037,
5036,
1997,
8203,
5375,
2007,
2605,
1012,
2077,
2635,
3466,
1010,
2295,
1010,
1996,
9341,
1011,
3354,
14790,
2001,
3223,
2000,
2175,
2083,
1996,
25934,
1997,
1996,
2223,
1997,
3741,
1010,
2029,
10155,
2009,
7687,
11868,
3238,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
".",
"the",
"united",
"states",
",",
"concerned",
"with",
"events",
"in",
"europe",
"and",
"asia",
",",
"passed",
"the",
"neutrality",
"act",
"in",
"august",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"year",
".",
"hitler",
"def",
"##ied",
"the",
"versailles",
"and",
"lo",
"##car",
"##no",
"treaties",
"by",
"re",
"##mi",
"##lita",
"##ris",
"##ing",
"the",
"rhineland",
"in",
"march",
"1936",
",",
"encounter",
"##ing",
"little",
"opposition",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"policy",
"of",
"app",
"##ease",
"##ment",
".",
"in",
"october",
"1936",
",",
"germany",
"and",
"italy",
"formed",
"the",
"rome",
"–",
"berlin",
"axis",
".",
"a",
"month",
"later",
",",
"germany",
"and",
"japan",
"signed",
"the",
"anti",
"-",
"com",
"##int",
"##ern",
"pact",
",",
"which",
"italy",
"joined",
"the",
"following",
"year",
".",
"the",
"ku",
"##omi",
"##nta",
"##ng",
"(",
"km",
"##t",
")",
"party",
"in",
"china",
"launched",
"a",
"unification",
"campaign",
"against",
"regional",
"warlord",
"##s",
"and",
"nominally",
"unified",
"china",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1920s",
",",
"but",
"was",
"soon",
"em",
"##bro",
"##iled",
"in",
"a",
"civil",
"war",
"against",
"its",
"former",
"chinese",
"communist",
"party",
"allies",
"and",
"new",
"regional",
"warlord",
"##s",
".",
"in",
"1931",
",",
"an",
"increasingly",
"mil",
"##ita",
"##rist",
"##ic",
"empire",
"of",
"japan",
",",
"which",
"had",
"long",
"sought",
"influence",
"in",
"china",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"step",
"of",
"what",
"its",
"government",
"saw",
"as",
"the",
"country",
"'",
"s",
"right",
"to",
"rule",
"asia",
",",
"staged",
"the",
"mu",
"##k",
"##den",
"incident",
"as",
"a",
"pre",
"##text",
"to",
"invade",
"manchu",
"##ria",
"and",
"establish",
"the",
"puppet",
"state",
"of",
"manchu",
"##ku",
"##o",
".",
"china",
"appealed",
"to",
"the",
"league",
"of",
"nations",
"to",
"stop",
"the",
"japanese",
"invasion",
"of",
"manchu",
"##ria",
".",
"japan",
"withdrew",
"from",
"the",
"league",
"of",
"nations",
"after",
"being",
"condemned",
"for",
"its",
"inc",
"##urs",
"##ion",
"into",
"manchu",
"##ria",
".",
"the",
"two",
"nations",
"then",
"fought",
"several",
"battles",
",",
"in",
"shanghai",
",",
"re",
"##he",
"and",
"he",
"##bei",
",",
"until",
"the",
"tang",
"##gu",
"truce",
"was",
"signed",
"in",
"1933",
".",
"thereafter",
",",
"chinese",
"volunteer",
"forces",
"continued",
"the",
"resistance",
"to",
"japanese",
"aggression",
"in",
"manchu",
"##ria",
",",
"and",
"cha",
"##har",
"and",
"sui",
"##yuan",
".",
"after",
"the",
"1936",
"xi",
"'",
"an",
"incident",
",",
"the",
"ku",
"##omi",
"##nta",
"##ng",
"and",
"communist",
"forces",
"agreed",
"on",
"a",
"ceasefire",
"to",
"present",
"a",
"united",
"front",
"to",
"oppose",
"japan",
".",
"the",
"second",
"it",
"##alo",
"-",
"ethiopian",
"war",
"was",
"a",
"brief",
"colonial",
"war",
"that",
"began",
"in",
"october",
"1935",
"and",
"ended",
"in",
"may",
"1936",
".",
"the",
"war",
"began",
"with",
"the",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"ethiopian",
"empire",
"(",
"also",
"known",
"as",
"abyss",
"##inia",
")",
"by",
"the",
"armed",
"forces",
"of",
"the",
"kingdom",
"of",
"italy",
"(",
"reg",
"##no",
"d",
"'",
"italia",
")",
",",
"which",
"was",
"launched",
"from",
"italian",
"somali",
"##land",
"and",
"eritrea",
".",
"the",
"war",
"resulted",
"in",
"the",
"military",
"occupation",
"of",
"ethiopia",
"and",
"its",
"annexation",
"into",
"the",
"newly",
"created",
"colony",
"of",
"italian",
"east",
"africa",
"(",
"africa",
"oriental",
"##e",
"italiana",
",",
"or",
"ao",
"##i",
")",
";",
"in",
"addition",
"it",
"exposed",
"the",
"weakness",
"of",
"the",
"league",
"of",
"nations",
"as",
"a",
"force",
"to",
"preserve",
"peace",
".",
"both",
"italy",
"and",
"ethiopia",
"were",
"member",
"nations",
",",
"but",
"the",
"league",
"did",
"little",
"when",
"the",
"former",
"clearly",
"violated",
"article",
"x",
"of",
"the",
"league",
"'",
"s",
"covenant",
".",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"france",
"supported",
"imposing",
"sanctions",
"on",
"italy",
"for",
"the",
"invasion",
",",
"but",
"the",
"sanctions",
"were",
"not",
"fully",
"enforced",
"and",
"failed",
"to",
"end",
"the",
"italian",
"invasion",
".",
"italy",
"subsequently"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 15,
"end_token_idx": 17,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neutrality_Acts_of_the_1930s",
"tokens": [
"neutrality",
"act"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 30,
"end_token_idx": 34,
"identifier": "/wiki/Locarno_Treaties",
"tokens": [
"lo",
"##car",
"##no",
"treaties"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 35,
"end_token_idx": 42,
"identifier": "/wiki/Remilitarisation_of_the_Rhineland",
"tokens": [
"re",
"##mi",
"##lita",
"##ris",
"##ing",
"the",
"rhineland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 55,
"end_token_idx": 58,
"identifier": "/wiki/Appeasement",
"tokens": [
"app",
"##ease",
"##ment"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 68,
"end_token_idx": 72,
"identifier": "/wiki/Axis_powers",
"tokens": [
"rome",
"–",
"berlin",
"axis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 82,
"end_token_idx": 88,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact",
"tokens": [
"anti",
"-",
"com",
"##int",
"##ern",
"pact"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 97,
"end_token_idx": 101,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kuomintang",
"tokens": [
"ku",
"##omi",
"##nta",
"##ng"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 110,
"end_token_idx": 112,
"identifier": "/wiki/Northern_Expedition",
"tokens": [
"unification",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 113,
"end_token_idx": 116,
"identifier": "/wiki/Warlord_Era",
"tokens": [
"regional",
"warlord",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 133,
"end_token_idx": 136,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War",
"tokens": [
"a",
"civil",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 139,
"end_token_idx": 142,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party",
"tokens": [
"chinese",
"communist",
"party"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 144,
"end_token_idx": 148,
"identifier": "/wiki/Central_Plains_War",
"tokens": [
"new",
"regional",
"warlord",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 153,
"end_token_idx": 158,
"identifier": "/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan",
"tokens": [
"increasingly",
"mil",
"##ita",
"##rist",
"##ic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 158,
"end_token_idx": 161,
"identifier": "/wiki/Empire_of_Japan",
"tokens": [
"empire",
"of",
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 183,
"end_token_idx": 187,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu",
"tokens": [
"right",
"to",
"rule",
"asia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 190,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mukden_incident",
"tokens": [
"mu",
"##k",
"##den",
"incident"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 199,
"end_token_idx": 202,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria",
"tokens": [
"invade",
"manchu",
"##ria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 205,
"end_token_idx": 207,
"identifier": "/wiki/Puppet_state",
"tokens": [
"puppet",
"state"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 208,
"end_token_idx": 211,
"identifier": "/wiki/Manchukuo",
"tokens": [
"manchu",
"##ku",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 216,
"end_token_idx": 219,
"identifier": "/wiki/League_of_Nations",
"tokens": [
"league",
"of",
"nations"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 237,
"end_token_idx": 238,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lytton_Report",
"tokens": [
"condemned"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 256,
"end_token_idx": 257,
"identifier": "/wiki/January_28_incident",
"tokens": [
"shanghai"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 258,
"end_token_idx": 260,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Rehe",
"tokens": [
"re",
"##he"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 263,
"identifier": "/wiki/Defense_of_the_Great_Wall",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##bei"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 266,
"end_token_idx": 269,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tanggu_Truce",
"tokens": [
"tang",
"##gu",
"truce"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 286,
"end_token_idx": 288,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pacification_of_Manchukuo",
"tokens": [
"manchu",
"##ria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 290,
"end_token_idx": 295,
"identifier": "/wiki/Actions_in_Inner_Mongolia_(1933%E2%80%931936)",
"tokens": [
"cha",
"##har",
"and",
"sui",
"##yuan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 299,
"end_token_idx": 303,
"identifier": "/wiki/Xi%27an_Incident",
"tokens": [
"xi",
"'",
"an",
"incident"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 318,
"end_token_idx": 321,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_United_Front",
"tokens": [
"a",
"united",
"front"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 326,
"end_token_idx": 332,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War",
"tokens": [
"second",
"it",
"##alo",
"-",
"ethiopian",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 335,
"end_token_idx": 337,
"identifier": "/wiki/Colonial_war",
"tokens": [
"colonial",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 358,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire",
"tokens": [
"ethiopian",
"empire"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 362,
"end_token_idx": 364,
"identifier": "/wiki/Etymology_of_Ethiopia",
"tokens": [
"abyss",
"##inia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 371,
"end_token_idx": 374,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy",
"tokens": [
"kingdom",
"of",
"italy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 386,
"end_token_idx": 389,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_Somaliland",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"somali",
"##land"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 390,
"end_token_idx": 391,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_Eritrea",
"tokens": [
"eritrea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 397,
"end_token_idx": 399,
"identifier": "/wiki/Military_occupation",
"tokens": [
"military",
"occupation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 403,
"end_token_idx": 404,
"identifier": "/wiki/Annexation",
"tokens": [
"annexation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 410,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_East_Africa",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"east",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 432,
"end_token_idx": 435,
"identifier": "/wiki/League_of_Nations",
"tokens": [
"league",
"of",
"nations"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 450,
"end_token_idx": 455,
"identifier": "/wiki/Appeasement",
"tokens": [
"but",
"the",
"league",
"did",
"little"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 467,
"end_token_idx": 468,
"identifier": "/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations",
"tokens": [
"covenant"
]
}
] | [
101,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1010,
4986,
2007,
2824,
1999,
2885,
1998,
4021,
1010,
2979,
1996,
21083,
2552,
1999,
2257,
1997,
1996,
2168,
2095,
1012,
8042,
13366,
6340,
1996,
18346,
1998,
8840,
10010,
3630,
16013,
2011,
2128,
4328,
27606,
6935,
2075,
1996,
21640,
1999,
2233,
4266,
1010,
8087,
2075,
2210,
4559,
2349,
2000,
1996,
3343,
1997,
10439,
19500,
3672,
1012,
1999,
2255,
4266,
1010,
2762,
1998,
3304,
2719,
1996,
4199,
1516,
4068,
8123,
1012,
1037,
3204,
2101,
1010,
2762,
1998,
2900,
2772,
1996,
3424,
1011,
4012,
18447,
11795,
14790,
1010,
2029,
3304,
2587,
1996,
2206,
2095,
1012,
1996,
13970,
20936,
12380,
3070,
1006,
2463,
2102,
1007,
2283,
1999,
2859,
3390,
1037,
16905,
3049,
2114,
3164,
16579,
2015,
1998,
24207,
10562,
2859,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
6641,
1010,
2021,
2001,
2574,
7861,
12618,
18450,
1999,
1037,
2942,
2162,
2114,
2049,
2280,
2822,
4750,
2283,
6956,
1998,
2047,
3164,
16579,
2015,
1012,
1999,
4739,
1010,
2019,
6233,
23689,
6590,
15061,
2594,
3400,
1997,
2900,
1010,
2029,
2018,
2146,
4912,
3747,
1999,
2859,
2004,
1996,
2034,
3357,
1997,
2054,
2049,
2231,
2387,
2004,
1996,
2406,
1005,
1055,
2157,
2000,
3627,
4021,
1010,
9813,
1996,
14163,
2243,
4181,
5043,
2004,
1037,
3653,
18209,
2000,
18445,
26650,
4360,
1998,
5323,
1996,
13997,
2110,
1997,
26650,
5283,
2080,
1012,
2859,
12068,
2000,
1996,
2223,
1997,
3741,
2000,
2644,
1996,
2887,
5274,
1997,
26650,
4360,
1012,
2900,
6780,
2013,
1996,
2223,
1997,
3741,
2044,
2108,
10033,
2005,
2049,
4297,
9236,
3258,
2046,
26650,
4360,
1012,
1996,
2048,
3741,
2059,
4061,
2195,
7465,
1010,
1999,
8344,
1010,
2128,
5369,
1998,
2002,
19205,
1010,
2127,
1996,
9745,
12193,
18415,
2001,
2772,
1999,
4537,
1012,
6920,
1010,
2822,
6951,
2749,
2506,
1996,
5012,
2000,
2887,
14974,
1999,
26650,
4360,
1010,
1998,
15775,
8167,
1998,
24086,
17236,
1012,
2044,
1996,
4266,
8418,
1005,
2019,
5043,
1010,
1996,
13970,
20936,
12380,
3070,
1998,
4750,
2749,
3530,
2006,
1037,
26277,
2000,
2556,
1037,
2142,
2392,
2000,
15391,
2900,
1012,
1996,
2117,
2009,
23067,
1011,
15101,
2162,
2001,
1037,
4766,
5336,
2162,
2008,
2211,
1999,
2255,
4437,
1998,
3092,
1999,
2089,
4266,
1012,
1996,
2162,
2211,
2007,
1996,
5274,
1997,
1996,
15101,
3400,
1006,
2036,
2124,
2004,
22159,
23309,
1007,
2011,
1996,
4273,
2749,
1997,
1996,
2983,
1997,
3304,
1006,
19723,
3630,
1040,
1005,
13052,
1007,
1010,
2029,
2001,
3390,
2013,
3059,
16831,
3122,
1998,
26040,
1012,
1996,
2162,
4504,
1999,
1996,
2510,
6139,
1997,
11154,
1998,
2049,
18985,
2046,
1996,
4397,
2580,
5701,
1997,
3059,
2264,
3088,
1006,
3088,
11481,
2063,
28059,
1010,
2030,
20118,
2072,
1007,
1025,
1999,
2804,
2009,
6086,
1996,
11251,
1997,
1996,
2223,
1997,
3741,
2004,
1037,
2486,
2000,
7969,
3521,
1012,
2119,
3304,
1998,
11154,
2020,
2266,
3741,
1010,
2021,
1996,
2223,
2106,
2210,
2043,
1996,
2280,
4415,
14424,
3720,
1060,
1997,
1996,
2223,
1005,
1055,
16077,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
2605,
3569,
16625,
17147,
2006,
3304,
2005,
1996,
5274,
1010,
2021,
1996,
17147,
2020,
2025,
3929,
16348,
1998,
3478,
2000,
2203,
1996,
3059,
5274,
1012,
3304,
3525,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"dropped",
"its",
"objections",
"to",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"goal",
"of",
"absorbing",
"austria",
".",
"when",
"civil",
"war",
"broke",
"out",
"in",
"spain",
",",
"hitler",
"and",
"mussolini",
"lent",
"military",
"support",
"to",
"the",
"nationalist",
"rebels",
",",
"led",
"by",
"general",
"francisco",
"franco",
".",
"italy",
"supported",
"the",
"nationalists",
"to",
"a",
"greater",
"extent",
"than",
"the",
"nazis",
":",
"mussolini",
"sent",
"more",
"than",
"70",
",",
"000",
"ground",
"troops",
",",
"6",
",",
"000",
"aviation",
"personnel",
",",
"and",
"720",
"aircraft",
"to",
"spain",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"supported",
"the",
"existing",
"government",
"of",
"the",
"spanish",
"republic",
".",
"more",
"than",
"30",
",",
"000",
"foreign",
"volunteers",
",",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"international",
"brigades",
",",
"also",
"fought",
"against",
"the",
"nationalists",
".",
"both",
"germany",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"used",
"this",
"proxy",
"war",
"as",
"an",
"opportunity",
"to",
"test",
"in",
"combat",
"their",
"most",
"advanced",
"weapons",
"and",
"tactics",
".",
"the",
"nationalists",
"won",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
"in",
"april",
"1939",
";",
"franco",
",",
"now",
"dictator",
",",
"remained",
"officially",
"neutral",
"during",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"but",
"generally",
"favoured",
"the",
"axis",
".",
"his",
"greatest",
"collaboration",
"with",
"germany",
"was",
"the",
"sending",
"of",
"volunteers",
"to",
"fight",
"on",
"the",
"eastern",
"front",
".",
"in",
"july",
"1937",
",",
"japan",
"captured",
"the",
"former",
"chinese",
"imperial",
"capital",
"of",
"peking",
"after",
"ins",
"##ti",
"##gating",
"the",
"marco",
"polo",
"bridge",
"incident",
",",
"which",
"culminated",
"in",
"the",
"japanese",
"campaign",
"to",
"invade",
"all",
"of",
"china",
".",
"the",
"soviets",
"quickly",
"signed",
"a",
"non",
"-",
"aggression",
"pact",
"with",
"china",
"to",
"lend",
"mater",
"##iel",
"support",
",",
"effectively",
"ending",
"china",
"'",
"s",
"prior",
"cooperation",
"with",
"germany",
".",
"from",
"september",
"to",
"november",
",",
"the",
"japanese",
"attacked",
"tai",
"##yuan",
",",
"engaged",
"the",
"ku",
"##omi",
"##nta",
"##ng",
"army",
"around",
"xi",
"##nko",
"##u",
",",
"and",
"fought",
"communist",
"forces",
"in",
"ping",
"##xing",
"##gua",
"##n",
".",
"general",
"##iss",
"##imo",
"chiang",
"kai",
"-",
"she",
"##k",
"deployed",
"his",
"best",
"army",
"to",
"defend",
"shanghai",
",",
"but",
"after",
"three",
"months",
"of",
"fighting",
",",
"shanghai",
"fell",
".",
"the",
"japanese",
"continued",
"to",
"push",
"chinese",
"forces",
"back",
",",
"capturing",
"the",
"capital",
"nan",
"##king",
"in",
"december",
"1937",
".",
"after",
"the",
"fall",
"of",
"nan",
"##king",
",",
"tens",
"or",
"hundreds",
"of",
"thousands",
"of",
"chinese",
"civilians",
"and",
"di",
"##sar",
"##med",
"combatants",
"were",
"murdered",
"by",
"the",
"japanese",
".",
"in",
"march",
"1938",
",",
"nationalist",
"chinese",
"forces",
"won",
"their",
"first",
"major",
"victory",
"at",
"tai",
"##er",
"##zh",
"##uan",
"##g",
",",
"but",
"then",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"xu",
"##zhou",
"was",
"taken",
"by",
"the",
"japanese",
"in",
"may",
".",
"in",
"june",
"1938",
",",
"chinese",
"forces",
"stalled",
"the",
"japanese",
"advance",
"by",
"flooding",
"the",
"yellow",
"river",
";",
"this",
"man",
"##oe",
"##u",
"##vre",
"bought",
"time",
"for",
"the",
"chinese",
"to",
"prepare",
"their",
"defences",
"at",
"wu",
"##han",
",",
"but",
"the",
"city",
"was",
"taken",
"by",
"october",
".",
"japanese",
"military",
"victories",
"did",
"not",
"bring",
"about",
"the",
"collapse",
"of",
"chinese",
"resistance",
"that",
"japan",
"had",
"hoped",
"to",
"achieve",
";",
"instead",
",",
"the",
"chinese",
"government",
"relocated",
"inland",
"to",
"chong",
"##qing",
"and",
"continued",
"the",
"war",
".",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"to",
"-",
"late",
"1930s",
",",
"japanese",
"forces",
"in",
"manchu",
"##ku",
"##o",
"had",
"sporadic",
"border",
"clashes",
"with",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"and",
"mongolia",
".",
"the",
"japanese",
"doctrine",
"of",
"ho",
"##kus",
"##hin",
"-",
"ron",
",",
"which",
"emphasis",
"##ed",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"expansion",
"northward",
",",
"was",
"favoured",
"by",
"the",
"imperial",
"army",
"during",
"this"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 10,
"end_token_idx": 11,
"identifier": "/wiki/Federal_State_of_Austria",
"tokens": [
"austria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 28,
"end_token_idx": 30,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)",
"tokens": [
"nationalist",
"rebels"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 34,
"end_token_idx": 36,
"identifier": "/wiki/Francisco_Franco",
"tokens": [
"francisco",
"franco"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 80,
"end_token_idx": 82,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic",
"tokens": [
"spanish",
"republic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 94,
"end_token_idx": 96,
"identifier": "/wiki/International_Brigades",
"tokens": [
"international",
"brigades"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 111,
"end_token_idx": 113,
"identifier": "/wiki/Proxy_war",
"tokens": [
"proxy",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 150,
"end_token_idx": 154,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"generally",
"favoured",
"the",
"axis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 164,
"end_token_idx": 165,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blue_Division",
"tokens": [
"volunteers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 169,
"end_token_idx": 171,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)",
"tokens": [
"eastern",
"front"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 184,
"end_token_idx": 185,
"identifier": "/wiki/Beijing",
"tokens": [
"peking"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 190,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_incident",
"tokens": [
"marco",
"polo",
"bridge",
"incident"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 212,
"end_token_idx": 218,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Non-Aggression_Pact",
"tokens": [
"non",
"-",
"aggression",
"pact",
"with",
"china"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 220,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Materiel",
"tokens": [
"mater",
"##iel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 230,
"end_token_idx": 233,
"identifier": "/wiki/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations_(1912%E2%80%931949)",
"tokens": [
"cooperation",
"with",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 242,
"end_token_idx": 244,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Taiyuan",
"tokens": [
"tai",
"##yuan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 247,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army",
"tokens": [
"ku",
"##omi",
"##nta",
"##ng",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 252,
"end_token_idx": 256,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Xinkou",
"tokens": [
"around",
"xi",
"##nko",
"##u"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 261,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party",
"tokens": [
"communist",
"forces"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 266,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Pingxingguan",
"tokens": [
"in",
"ping",
"##xing",
"##gua",
"##n"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 267,
"end_token_idx": 270,
"identifier": "/wiki/Generalissimo",
"tokens": [
"general",
"##iss",
"##imo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 270,
"end_token_idx": 275,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek",
"tokens": [
"chiang",
"kai",
"-",
"she",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 277,
"end_token_idx": 279,
"identifier": "/wiki/List_of_German-trained_divisions_of_the_National_Revolutionary_Army",
"tokens": [
"best",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 280,
"end_token_idx": 282,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai",
"tokens": [
"defend",
"shanghai"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 302,
"end_token_idx": 307,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Nanking",
"tokens": [
"capturing",
"the",
"capital",
"nan",
"##king"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 332,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre",
"tokens": [
"murdered",
"by",
"the",
"japanese"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 346,
"end_token_idx": 355,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Taierzhuang",
"tokens": [
"first",
"major",
"victory",
"at",
"tai",
"##er",
"##zh",
"##uan",
"##g"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 361,
"end_token_idx": 363,
"identifier": "/wiki/Xuzhou",
"tokens": [
"xu",
"##zhou"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 363,
"end_token_idx": 368,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Xuzhou",
"tokens": [
"was",
"taken",
"by",
"the",
"japanese"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 382,
"end_token_idx": 386,
"identifier": "/wiki/1938_Yellow_River_flood",
"tokens": [
"flooding",
"the",
"yellow",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 402,
"end_token_idx": 404,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wuhan",
"tokens": [
"wu",
"##han"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 407,
"end_token_idx": 410,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Wuhan",
"tokens": [
"city",
"was",
"taken"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 440,
"end_token_idx": 442,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chongqing",
"tokens": [
"chong",
"##qing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 459,
"end_token_idx": 462,
"identifier": "/wiki/Manchukuo",
"tokens": [
"manchu",
"##ku",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 471,
"end_token_idx": 472,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic",
"tokens": [
"mongolia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 482,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hokushin-ron",
"tokens": [
"ho",
"##kus",
"##hin",
"-",
"ron"
]
}
] | [
101,
3333,
2049,
17304,
2000,
2762,
1005,
1055,
3125,
1997,
20998,
5118,
1012,
2043,
2942,
2162,
3631,
2041,
1999,
3577,
1010,
8042,
1998,
22554,
15307,
2510,
2490,
2000,
1996,
8986,
8431,
1010,
2419,
2011,
2236,
3799,
9341,
1012,
3304,
3569,
1996,
17934,
2000,
1037,
3618,
6698,
2084,
1996,
13157,
1024,
22554,
2741,
2062,
2084,
3963,
1010,
2199,
2598,
3629,
1010,
1020,
1010,
2199,
5734,
5073,
1010,
1998,
22857,
2948,
2000,
3577,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2586,
3569,
1996,
4493,
2231,
1997,
1996,
3009,
3072,
1012,
2062,
2084,
2382,
1010,
2199,
3097,
7314,
1010,
2124,
2004,
1996,
2248,
14589,
1010,
2036,
4061,
2114,
1996,
17934,
1012,
2119,
2762,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2109,
2023,
24540,
2162,
2004,
2019,
4495,
2000,
3231,
1999,
4337,
2037,
2087,
3935,
4255,
1998,
9887,
1012,
1996,
17934,
2180,
1996,
2942,
2162,
1999,
2258,
3912,
1025,
9341,
1010,
2085,
21237,
1010,
2815,
3985,
8699,
2076,
2088,
2162,
2462,
2021,
3227,
16822,
1996,
8123,
1012,
2010,
4602,
5792,
2007,
2762,
2001,
1996,
6016,
1997,
7314,
2000,
2954,
2006,
1996,
2789,
2392,
1012,
1999,
2251,
4347,
1010,
2900,
4110,
1996,
2280,
2822,
4461,
3007,
1997,
27057,
2044,
16021,
3775,
16961,
1996,
8879,
11037,
2958,
5043,
1010,
2029,
16943,
1999,
1996,
2887,
3049,
2000,
18445,
2035,
1997,
2859,
1012,
1996,
15269,
2855,
2772,
1037,
2512,
1011,
14974,
14790,
2007,
2859,
2000,
18496,
16289,
9257,
2490,
1010,
6464,
4566,
2859,
1005,
1055,
3188,
6792,
2007,
2762,
1012,
2013,
2244,
2000,
2281,
1010,
1996,
2887,
4457,
13843,
17236,
1010,
5117,
1996,
13970,
20936,
12380,
3070,
2390,
2105,
8418,
16107,
2226,
1010,
1998,
4061,
4750,
2749,
1999,
17852,
19612,
19696,
2078,
1012,
2236,
14643,
16339,
17684,
11928,
1011,
2016,
2243,
7333,
2010,
2190,
2390,
2000,
6985,
8344,
1010,
2021,
2044,
2093,
2706,
1997,
3554,
1010,
8344,
3062,
1012,
1996,
2887,
2506,
2000,
5245,
2822,
2749,
2067,
1010,
11847,
1996,
3007,
16660,
6834,
1999,
2285,
4347,
1012,
2044,
1996,
2991,
1997,
16660,
6834,
1010,
15295,
2030,
5606,
1997,
5190,
1997,
2822,
9272,
1998,
4487,
10286,
7583,
26622,
2020,
7129,
2011,
1996,
2887,
1012,
1999,
2233,
4260,
1010,
8986,
2822,
2749,
2180,
2037,
2034,
2350,
3377,
2012,
13843,
2121,
27922,
13860,
2290,
1010,
2021,
2059,
1996,
2103,
1997,
15990,
9791,
2001,
2579,
2011,
1996,
2887,
1999,
2089,
1012,
1999,
2238,
4260,
1010,
2822,
2749,
20659,
1996,
2887,
5083,
2011,
9451,
1996,
3756,
2314,
1025,
2023,
2158,
8913,
2226,
12229,
4149,
2051,
2005,
1996,
2822,
2000,
7374,
2037,
16828,
2012,
8814,
4819,
1010,
2021,
1996,
2103,
2001,
2579,
2011,
2255,
1012,
2887,
2510,
9248,
2106,
2025,
3288,
2055,
1996,
7859,
1997,
2822,
5012,
2008,
2900,
2018,
5113,
2000,
6162,
1025,
2612,
1010,
1996,
2822,
2231,
7448,
9514,
2000,
24008,
19784,
1998,
2506,
1996,
2162,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
2000,
1011,
2397,
5687,
1010,
2887,
2749,
1999,
26650,
5283,
2080,
2018,
24590,
3675,
17783,
2007,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1998,
13906,
1012,
1996,
2887,
8998,
1997,
7570,
22332,
10606,
1011,
6902,
1010,
2029,
7902,
2098,
2900,
1005,
1055,
4935,
17192,
1010,
2001,
16822,
2011,
1996,
4461,
2390,
2076,
2023,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"time",
".",
"this",
"policy",
"would",
"prove",
"difficult",
"to",
"maintain",
"in",
"light",
"of",
"the",
"japanese",
"defeat",
"at",
"k",
"##hal",
"##kin",
"go",
"##l",
"in",
"1939",
",",
"the",
"ongoing",
"second",
"sino",
"-",
"japanese",
"war",
"and",
"ally",
"nazi",
"germany",
"pursuing",
"neutrality",
"with",
"the",
"soviets",
".",
"japan",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"eventually",
"signed",
"a",
"neutrality",
"pact",
"in",
"april",
"1941",
",",
"and",
"japan",
"adopted",
"the",
"doctrine",
"of",
"nan",
"##shin",
"-",
"ron",
",",
"promoted",
"by",
"the",
"navy",
",",
"which",
"took",
"its",
"focus",
"southward",
"and",
"eventually",
"led",
"to",
"war",
"with",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"and",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
".",
"in",
"europe",
",",
"germany",
"and",
"italy",
"were",
"becoming",
"more",
"aggressive",
".",
"in",
"march",
"1938",
",",
"germany",
"annexed",
"austria",
",",
"again",
"pro",
"##voking",
"little",
"response",
"from",
"other",
"european",
"powers",
".",
"encouraged",
",",
"hitler",
"began",
"pressing",
"german",
"claims",
"on",
"the",
"sud",
"##ete",
"##nl",
"##and",
",",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"czechoslovakia",
"with",
"a",
"predominantly",
"ethnic",
"german",
"population",
".",
"soon",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"france",
"followed",
"the",
"app",
"##ease",
"##ment",
"policy",
"of",
"british",
"prime",
"minister",
"neville",
"chamberlain",
"and",
"conceded",
"this",
"territory",
"to",
"germany",
"in",
"the",
"munich",
"agreement",
",",
"which",
"was",
"made",
"against",
"the",
"wishes",
"of",
"the",
"czechoslovak",
"government",
",",
"in",
"exchange",
"for",
"a",
"promise",
"of",
"no",
"further",
"territorial",
"demands",
".",
"soon",
"afterwards",
",",
"germany",
"and",
"italy",
"forced",
"czechoslovakia",
"to",
"ce",
"##de",
"additional",
"territory",
"to",
"hungary",
",",
"and",
"poland",
"annexed",
"the",
"trans",
"-",
"ol",
"##za",
"region",
"of",
"czechoslovakia",
".",
"although",
"all",
"of",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"stated",
"demands",
"had",
"been",
"satisfied",
"by",
"the",
"agreement",
",",
"privately",
"hitler",
"was",
"furious",
"that",
"british",
"interference",
"had",
"prevented",
"him",
"from",
"seizing",
"all",
"of",
"czechoslovakia",
"in",
"one",
"operation",
".",
"in",
"subsequent",
"speeches",
"hitler",
"attacked",
"british",
"and",
"jewish",
"\"",
"war",
"-",
"mon",
"##gers",
"\"",
"and",
"in",
"january",
"1939",
"secretly",
"ordered",
"a",
"major",
"build",
"-",
"up",
"of",
"the",
"german",
"navy",
"to",
"challenge",
"british",
"naval",
"supremacy",
".",
"in",
"march",
"1939",
",",
"germany",
"invaded",
"the",
"remainder",
"of",
"czechoslovakia",
"and",
"subsequently",
"split",
"it",
"into",
"the",
"german",
"protectorate",
"of",
"bohemia",
"and",
"mora",
"##via",
"and",
"a",
"pro",
"-",
"german",
"client",
"state",
",",
"the",
"slovak",
"republic",
".",
"hitler",
"also",
"delivered",
"an",
"ultimatum",
"to",
"lithuania",
"on",
"20",
"march",
"1939",
",",
"forcing",
"the",
"concession",
"of",
"the",
"k",
"##lai",
"##ped",
"##a",
"region",
",",
"formerly",
"the",
"german",
"me",
"##mel",
"##land",
".",
"greatly",
"alarmed",
"and",
"with",
"hitler",
"making",
"further",
"demands",
"on",
"the",
"free",
"city",
"of",
"danzig",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"france",
"guaranteed",
"their",
"support",
"for",
"polish",
"independence",
";",
"when",
"italy",
"conquered",
"albania",
"in",
"april",
"1939",
",",
"the",
"same",
"guarantee",
"was",
"extended",
"to",
"the",
"kingdoms",
"of",
"romania",
"and",
"greece",
".",
"shortly",
"after",
"the",
"franco",
"-",
"british",
"pledge",
"to",
"poland",
",",
"germany",
"and",
"italy",
"formal",
"##ised",
"their",
"own",
"alliance",
"with",
"the",
"pact",
"of",
"steel",
".",
"hitler",
"accused",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"poland",
"of",
"trying",
"to",
"\"",
"en",
"##ci",
"##rcle",
"\"",
"germany",
"and",
"reno",
"##unced",
"the",
"anglo",
"-",
"german",
"naval",
"agreement",
"and",
"the",
"german",
"–",
"polish",
"declaration",
"of",
"non",
"-",
"aggression",
".",
"the",
"situation",
"became",
"a",
"crisis",
"in",
"late",
"august",
"as",
"german",
"troops",
"continued",
"to",
"mob",
"##ilis",
"##e",
"against",
"the",
"polish",
"border",
".",
"on",
"23",
"august",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"signed",
"a",
"non",
"-",
"aggression",
"pact",
"with",
"germany"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 16,
"end_token_idx": 21,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol",
"tokens": [
"k",
"##hal",
"##kin",
"go",
"##l"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 49,
"end_token_idx": 51,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Neutrality_Pact",
"tokens": [
"neutrality",
"pact"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 61,
"end_token_idx": 65,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nanshin-ron",
"tokens": [
"nan",
"##shin",
"-",
"ron"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 106,
"end_token_idx": 108,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anschluss",
"tokens": [
"annexed",
"austria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 112,
"end_token_idx": 114,
"identifier": "/wiki/Appeasement",
"tokens": [
"little",
"response"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 128,
"end_token_idx": 132,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sudetenland",
"tokens": [
"sud",
"##ete",
"##nl",
"##and"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 136,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Czechoslovakia",
"tokens": [
"czechoslovakia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 140,
"end_token_idx": 142,
"identifier": "/wiki/Germans",
"tokens": [
"ethnic",
"german"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 160,
"end_token_idx": 162,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain",
"tokens": [
"neville",
"chamberlain"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 170,
"end_token_idx": 172,
"identifier": "/wiki/Munich_Agreement",
"tokens": [
"munich",
"agreement"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 204,
"end_token_idx": 208,
"identifier": "/wiki/First_Vienna_Award",
"tokens": [
"ce",
"##de",
"additional",
"territory"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 219,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trans-Olza",
"tokens": [
"trans",
"-",
"ol",
"##za"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 275,
"end_token_idx": 286,
"identifier": "/wiki/Plan_Z",
"tokens": [
"secretly",
"ordered",
"a",
"major",
"build",
"-",
"up",
"of",
"the",
"german",
"navy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 296,
"end_token_idx": 302,
"identifier": "/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)",
"tokens": [
"germany",
"invaded",
"the",
"remainder",
"of",
"czechoslovakia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 309,
"end_token_idx": 315,
"identifier": "/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia",
"tokens": [
"protectorate",
"of",
"bohemia",
"and",
"mora",
"##via"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 320,
"end_token_idx": 322,
"identifier": "/wiki/Client_state",
"tokens": [
"client",
"state"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 324,
"end_token_idx": 326,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)",
"tokens": [
"slovak",
"republic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 331,
"end_token_idx": 334,
"identifier": "/wiki/1939_German_ultimatum_to_Lithuania",
"tokens": [
"ultimatum",
"to",
"lithuania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 344,
"end_token_idx": 349,
"identifier": "/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Region",
"tokens": [
"k",
"##lai",
"##ped",
"##a",
"region"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 367,
"end_token_idx": 371,
"identifier": "/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig",
"tokens": [
"free",
"city",
"of",
"danzig"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 377,
"end_token_idx": 383,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anglo-Polish_alliance#British_assurance_to_Poland",
"tokens": [
"guaranteed",
"their",
"support",
"for",
"polish",
"independence"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 385,
"end_token_idx": 388,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania",
"tokens": [
"italy",
"conquered",
"albania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 399,
"end_token_idx": 402,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania",
"tokens": [
"kingdoms",
"of",
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 403,
"end_token_idx": 404,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece",
"tokens": [
"greece"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 408,
"end_token_idx": 409,
"identifier": "/wiki/Franco-Polish_alliance",
"tokens": [
"franco"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 410,
"end_token_idx": 411,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anglo-Polish_alliance",
"tokens": [
"british"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 425,
"end_token_idx": 428,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pact_of_Steel",
"tokens": [
"pact",
"of",
"steel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 449,
"end_token_idx": 454,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anglo-German_Naval_Agreement",
"tokens": [
"anglo",
"-",
"german",
"naval",
"agreement"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 456,
"end_token_idx": 464,
"identifier": "/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_declaration_of_non-aggression",
"tokens": [
"german",
"–",
"polish",
"declaration",
"of",
"non",
"-",
"aggression"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 493,
"end_token_idx": 498,
"identifier": "/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact",
"tokens": [
"a",
"non",
"-",
"aggression",
"pact"
]
}
] | [
101,
2051,
1012,
2023,
3343,
2052,
6011,
3697,
2000,
5441,
1999,
2422,
1997,
1996,
2887,
4154,
2012,
1047,
8865,
4939,
2175,
2140,
1999,
3912,
1010,
1996,
7552,
2117,
19432,
1011,
2887,
2162,
1998,
9698,
6394,
2762,
11828,
21083,
2007,
1996,
15269,
1012,
2900,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2776,
2772,
1037,
21083,
14790,
1999,
2258,
3874,
1010,
1998,
2900,
4233,
1996,
8998,
1997,
16660,
17426,
1011,
6902,
1010,
3755,
2011,
1996,
3212,
1010,
2029,
2165,
2049,
3579,
22161,
1998,
2776,
2419,
2000,
2162,
2007,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1998,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1012,
1999,
2885,
1010,
2762,
1998,
3304,
2020,
3352,
2062,
9376,
1012,
1999,
2233,
4260,
1010,
2762,
13291,
5118,
1010,
2153,
4013,
22776,
2210,
3433,
2013,
2060,
2647,
4204,
1012,
6628,
1010,
8042,
2211,
7827,
2446,
4447,
2006,
1996,
19219,
12870,
20554,
5685,
1010,
2019,
2181,
1997,
12833,
2007,
1037,
9197,
5636,
2446,
2313,
1012,
2574,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
2605,
2628,
1996,
10439,
19500,
3672,
3343,
1997,
2329,
3539,
2704,
14871,
13904,
1998,
15848,
2023,
3700,
2000,
2762,
1999,
1996,
7469,
3820,
1010,
2029,
2001,
2081,
2114,
1996,
8996,
1997,
1996,
21282,
2231,
1010,
1999,
3863,
2005,
1037,
4872,
1997,
2053,
2582,
7894,
7670,
1012,
2574,
5728,
1010,
2762,
1998,
3304,
3140,
12833,
2000,
8292,
3207,
3176,
3700,
2000,
5872,
1010,
1998,
3735,
13291,
1996,
9099,
1011,
19330,
4143,
2555,
1997,
12833,
1012,
2348,
2035,
1997,
2762,
1005,
1055,
3090,
7670,
2018,
2042,
8510,
2011,
1996,
3820,
1010,
9139,
8042,
2001,
9943,
2008,
2329,
11099,
2018,
8729,
2032,
2013,
24681,
2035,
1997,
12833,
1999,
2028,
3169,
1012,
1999,
4745,
13867,
8042,
4457,
2329,
1998,
3644,
1000,
2162,
1011,
12256,
15776,
1000,
1998,
1999,
2254,
3912,
10082,
3641,
1037,
2350,
3857,
1011,
2039,
1997,
1996,
2446,
3212,
2000,
4119,
2329,
3987,
22006,
1012,
1999,
2233,
3912,
1010,
2762,
10836,
1996,
6893,
1997,
12833,
1998,
3525,
3975,
2009,
2046,
1996,
2446,
20394,
1997,
16799,
1998,
26821,
9035,
1998,
1037,
4013,
1011,
2446,
7396,
2110,
1010,
1996,
12747,
3072,
1012,
8042,
2036,
5359,
2019,
29227,
2000,
9838,
2006,
2322,
2233,
3912,
1010,
6932,
1996,
16427,
1997,
1996,
1047,
19771,
5669,
2050,
2555,
1010,
3839,
1996,
2446,
2033,
10199,
3122,
1012,
6551,
19260,
1998,
2007,
8042,
2437,
2582,
7670,
2006,
1996,
2489,
2103,
1997,
26669,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
2605,
12361,
2037,
2490,
2005,
3907,
4336,
1025,
2043,
3304,
11438,
10407,
1999,
2258,
3912,
1010,
1996,
2168,
11302,
2001,
3668,
2000,
1996,
12028,
1997,
6339,
1998,
5483,
1012,
3859,
2044,
1996,
9341,
1011,
2329,
16393,
2000,
3735,
1010,
2762,
1998,
3304,
5337,
5084,
2037,
2219,
4707,
2007,
1996,
14790,
1997,
3886,
1012,
8042,
5496,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
3735,
1997,
2667,
2000,
1000,
4372,
6895,
21769,
1000,
2762,
1998,
17738,
22392,
1996,
7819,
1011,
2446,
3987,
3820,
1998,
1996,
2446,
1516,
3907,
8170,
1997,
2512,
1011,
14974,
1012,
1996,
3663,
2150,
1037,
5325,
1999,
2397,
2257,
2004,
2446,
3629,
2506,
2000,
11240,
24411,
2063,
2114,
1996,
3907,
3675,
1012,
2006,
2603,
2257,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2772,
1037,
2512,
1011,
14974,
14790,
2007,
2762,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
",",
"after",
"trip",
"##art",
"##ite",
"negotiations",
"for",
"a",
"military",
"alliance",
"between",
"france",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
",",
"and",
"soviet",
"union",
"had",
"stalled",
".",
"this",
"pact",
"had",
"a",
"secret",
"protocol",
"that",
"defined",
"german",
"and",
"soviet",
"\"",
"spheres",
"of",
"influence",
"\"",
"(",
"western",
"poland",
"and",
"lithuania",
"for",
"germany",
";",
"eastern",
"poland",
",",
"finland",
",",
"estonia",
",",
"latvia",
"and",
"be",
"##ssar",
"##abia",
"for",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
")",
",",
"and",
"raised",
"the",
"question",
"of",
"continuing",
"polish",
"independence",
".",
"the",
"pact",
"neutral",
"##ised",
"the",
"possibility",
"of",
"soviet",
"opposition",
"to",
"a",
"campaign",
"against",
"poland",
"and",
"assured",
"that",
"germany",
"would",
"not",
"have",
"to",
"face",
"the",
"prospect",
"of",
"a",
"two",
"-",
"front",
"war",
",",
"as",
"it",
"had",
"in",
"world",
"war",
"i",
".",
"immediately",
"afterwards",
",",
"hitler",
"ordered",
"the",
"attack",
"to",
"proceed",
"on",
"26",
"august",
",",
"but",
"upon",
"hearing",
"that",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"had",
"concluded",
"a",
"formal",
"mutual",
"assistance",
"pact",
"with",
"poland",
"and",
"that",
"italy",
"would",
"maintain",
"neutrality",
",",
"he",
"decided",
"to",
"delay",
"it",
".",
"in",
"response",
"to",
"british",
"requests",
"for",
"direct",
"negotiations",
"to",
"avoid",
"war",
",",
"germany",
"made",
"demands",
"on",
"poland",
",",
"which",
"served",
"as",
"a",
"pre",
"##text",
"to",
"worse",
"##n",
"relations",
".",
"on",
"29",
"august",
",",
"hitler",
"demanded",
"that",
"a",
"polish",
"pl",
"##eni",
"##pot",
"##ent",
"##iary",
"immediately",
"travel",
"to",
"berlin",
"to",
"negotiate",
"the",
"hand",
"##over",
"of",
"danzig",
",",
"and",
"to",
"allow",
"a",
"pl",
"##eb",
"##is",
"##cite",
"in",
"the",
"polish",
"corridor",
"in",
"which",
"the",
"german",
"minority",
"would",
"vote",
"on",
"secession",
".",
"the",
"poles",
"refused",
"to",
"comply",
"with",
"the",
"german",
"demands",
",",
"and",
"on",
"the",
"night",
"of",
"30",
"–",
"31",
"august",
"in",
"a",
"confrontation",
"##al",
"meeting",
"with",
"the",
"british",
"ambassador",
"ne",
"##vil",
"##e",
"henderson",
",",
"rib",
"##ben",
"##tro",
"##p",
"declared",
"that",
"germany",
"considered",
"its",
"claims",
"rejected",
".",
"on",
"1",
"september",
"1939",
",",
"germany",
"invaded",
"poland",
"after",
"having",
"staged",
"several",
"false",
"flag",
"border",
"incidents",
"as",
"a",
"pre",
"##text",
"to",
"initiate",
"the",
"invasion",
".",
"the",
"first",
"german",
"attack",
"of",
"the",
"war",
"came",
"against",
"the",
"polish",
"defenses",
"at",
"west",
"##er",
"##pl",
"##att",
"##e",
".",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"responded",
"with",
"an",
"ultimatum",
"for",
"germany",
"to",
"cease",
"military",
"operations",
",",
"and",
"on",
"3",
"september",
",",
"after",
"the",
"ultimatum",
"was",
"ignored",
",",
"britain",
"and",
"france",
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"germany",
".",
"followed",
"by",
"australia",
",",
"new",
"zealand",
",",
"south",
"africa",
",",
"and",
"canada",
".",
"during",
"the",
"phone",
"##y",
"war",
"period",
",",
"the",
"alliance",
"provided",
"no",
"direct",
"military",
"support",
"to",
"poland",
",",
"outside",
"of",
"a",
"cautious",
"french",
"probe",
"into",
"the",
"sa",
"##ar",
"##land",
".",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"also",
"began",
"a",
"naval",
"blockade",
"of",
"germany",
",",
"which",
"aimed",
"to",
"damage",
"the",
"country",
"'",
"s",
"economy",
"and",
"war",
"effort",
".",
"germany",
"responded",
"by",
"ordering",
"u",
"-",
"boat",
"warfare",
"against",
"allied",
"merchant",
"and",
"warships",
",",
"which",
"would",
"later",
"es",
"##cala",
"##te",
"into",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"the",
"atlantic",
".",
"on",
"8",
"september",
",",
"german",
"troops",
"reached",
"the",
"suburbs",
"of",
"warsaw",
".",
"the",
"polish",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"to",
"the",
"west",
"halted",
"the",
"german",
"advance",
"for",
"several",
"days",
",",
"but",
"it",
"was",
"out",
"##fl",
"##an",
"##ked",
"and",
"encircled",
"by",
"the",
"wehrmacht",
".",
"remnants",
"of",
"the",
"polish",
"army",
"broke",
"through",
"to",
"besieged",
"warsaw",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 41,
"end_token_idx": 42,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic",
"tokens": [
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 49,
"identifier": "/wiki/Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"eastern",
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 52,
"end_token_idx": 53,
"identifier": "/wiki/Estonia",
"tokens": [
"estonia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 54,
"end_token_idx": 55,
"identifier": "/wiki/Latvia",
"tokens": [
"latvia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 59,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bessarabia",
"tokens": [
"be",
"##ssar",
"##abia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 194,
"end_token_idx": 199,
"identifier": "/wiki/Plenipotentiary",
"tokens": [
"pl",
"##eni",
"##pot",
"##ent",
"##iary"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 210,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk",
"tokens": [
"danzig"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 219,
"identifier": "/wiki/Referendum",
"tokens": [
"pl",
"##eb",
"##is",
"##cite"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 221,
"end_token_idx": 223,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polish_Corridor",
"tokens": [
"polish",
"corridor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 265,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nevile_Henderson",
"tokens": [
"ne",
"##vil",
"##e",
"henderson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 284,
"end_token_idx": 286,
"identifier": "/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 287,
"end_token_idx": 289,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Himmler",
"tokens": [
"having",
"staged"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 290,
"end_token_idx": 294,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gleiwitz_incident",
"tokens": [
"false",
"flag",
"border",
"incidents"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 313,
"end_token_idx": 321,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Westerplatte",
"tokens": [
"polish",
"defenses",
"at",
"west",
"##er",
"##pl",
"##att",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 357,
"end_token_idx": 358,
"identifier": "/wiki/Australia",
"tokens": [
"australia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 359,
"end_token_idx": 361,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dominion_of_New_Zealand",
"tokens": [
"new",
"zealand"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 362,
"end_token_idx": 364,
"identifier": "/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa",
"tokens": [
"south",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 366,
"end_token_idx": 367,
"identifier": "/wiki/Canada",
"tokens": [
"canada"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 370,
"end_token_idx": 373,
"identifier": "/wiki/Phoney_War",
"tokens": [
"phone",
"##y",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 388,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/Saar_Offensive",
"tokens": [
"cautious",
"french",
"probe",
"into",
"the",
"sa",
"##ar",
"##land"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 403,
"end_token_idx": 407,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1939%E2%80%931945)",
"tokens": [
"naval",
"blockade",
"of",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 425,
"end_token_idx": 429,
"identifier": "/wiki/Submarine_warfare#World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"u",
"-",
"boat",
"warfare"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 443,
"end_token_idx": 447,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"the",
"atlantic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 458,
"end_token_idx": 459,
"identifier": "/wiki/Warsaw",
"tokens": [
"warsaw"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 465,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bzura",
"tokens": [
"counter",
"-",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 487,
"end_token_idx": 488,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wehrmacht",
"tokens": [
"wehrmacht"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 497,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1939)",
"tokens": [
"besieged",
"warsaw"
]
}
] | [
101,
1010,
2044,
4440,
8445,
4221,
7776,
2005,
1037,
2510,
4707,
2090,
2605,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1010,
1998,
3354,
2586,
2018,
20659,
1012,
2023,
14790,
2018,
1037,
3595,
8778,
2008,
4225,
2446,
1998,
3354,
1000,
19885,
1997,
3747,
1000,
1006,
2530,
3735,
1998,
9838,
2005,
2762,
1025,
2789,
3735,
1010,
6435,
1010,
10692,
1010,
12429,
1998,
2022,
25556,
29039,
2005,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1007,
1010,
1998,
2992,
1996,
3160,
1997,
5719,
3907,
4336,
1012,
1996,
14790,
8699,
5084,
1996,
6061,
1997,
3354,
4559,
2000,
1037,
3049,
2114,
3735,
1998,
8916,
2008,
2762,
2052,
2025,
2031,
2000,
2227,
1996,
9824,
1997,
1037,
2048,
1011,
2392,
2162,
1010,
2004,
2009,
2018,
1999,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1012,
3202,
5728,
1010,
8042,
3641,
1996,
2886,
2000,
10838,
2006,
2656,
2257,
1010,
2021,
2588,
4994,
2008,
1996,
2142,
2983,
2018,
5531,
1037,
5337,
8203,
5375,
14790,
2007,
3735,
1998,
2008,
3304,
2052,
5441,
21083,
1010,
2002,
2787,
2000,
8536,
2009,
1012,
1999,
3433,
2000,
2329,
11186,
2005,
3622,
7776,
2000,
4468,
2162,
1010,
2762,
2081,
7670,
2006,
3735,
1010,
2029,
2366,
2004,
1037,
3653,
18209,
2000,
4788,
2078,
4262,
1012,
2006,
2756,
2257,
1010,
8042,
6303,
2008,
1037,
3907,
20228,
18595,
11008,
4765,
17302,
3202,
3604,
2000,
4068,
2000,
13676,
1996,
2192,
7840,
1997,
26669,
1010,
1998,
2000,
3499,
1037,
20228,
15878,
2483,
17847,
1999,
1996,
3907,
7120,
1999,
2029,
1996,
2446,
7162,
2052,
3789,
2006,
22965,
1012,
1996,
10567,
4188,
2000,
14037,
2007,
1996,
2446,
7670,
1010,
1998,
2006,
1996,
2305,
1997,
2382,
1516,
2861,
2257,
1999,
1037,
13111,
2389,
3116,
2007,
1996,
2329,
6059,
11265,
14762,
2063,
9481,
1010,
19395,
10609,
13181,
2361,
4161,
2008,
2762,
2641,
2049,
4447,
5837,
1012,
2006,
1015,
2244,
3912,
1010,
2762,
10836,
3735,
2044,
2383,
9813,
2195,
6270,
5210,
3675,
10444,
2004,
1037,
3653,
18209,
2000,
17820,
1996,
5274,
1012,
1996,
2034,
2446,
2886,
1997,
1996,
2162,
2234,
2114,
1996,
3907,
13345,
2012,
2225,
2121,
24759,
19321,
2063,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2983,
5838,
2007,
2019,
29227,
2005,
2762,
2000,
13236,
2510,
3136,
1010,
1998,
2006,
1017,
2244,
1010,
2044,
1996,
29227,
2001,
6439,
1010,
3725,
1998,
2605,
4161,
2162,
2006,
2762,
1012,
2628,
2011,
2660,
1010,
2047,
3414,
1010,
2148,
3088,
1010,
1998,
2710,
1012,
2076,
1996,
3042,
2100,
2162,
2558,
1010,
1996,
4707,
3024,
2053,
3622,
2510,
2490,
2000,
3735,
1010,
2648,
1997,
1037,
17145,
2413,
15113,
2046,
1996,
7842,
2906,
3122,
1012,
1996,
2530,
6956,
2036,
2211,
1037,
3987,
15823,
1997,
2762,
1010,
2029,
6461,
2000,
4053,
1996,
2406,
1005,
1055,
4610,
1998,
2162,
3947,
1012,
2762,
5838,
2011,
13063,
1057,
1011,
4049,
8309,
2114,
6035,
6432,
1998,
15964,
1010,
2029,
2052,
2101,
9686,
25015,
2618,
2046,
1996,
2645,
1997,
1996,
4448,
1012,
2006,
1022,
2244,
1010,
2446,
3629,
2584,
1996,
9435,
1997,
8199,
1012,
1996,
3907,
4675,
1011,
5805,
2000,
1996,
2225,
12705,
1996,
2446,
5083,
2005,
2195,
2420,
1010,
2021,
2009,
2001,
2041,
10258,
2319,
8126,
1998,
25759,
2011,
1996,
23443,
1012,
11270,
1997,
1996,
3907,
2390,
3631,
2083,
2000,
17923,
8199,
1012,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"on",
"17",
"september",
"1939",
",",
"two",
"days",
"after",
"signing",
"a",
"cease",
"-",
"fire",
"with",
"japan",
",",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"invaded",
"poland",
"under",
"the",
"supposed",
"pre",
"##text",
"that",
"the",
"polish",
"state",
"had",
"ceased",
"to",
"exist",
".",
"on",
"27",
"september",
",",
"the",
"warsaw",
"garrison",
"surrendered",
"to",
"the",
"germans",
",",
"and",
"the",
"last",
"large",
"operational",
"unit",
"of",
"the",
"polish",
"army",
"surrendered",
"on",
"6",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"october",
".",
"despite",
"the",
"military",
"defeat",
",",
"poland",
"never",
"surrendered",
";",
"instead",
",",
"it",
"formed",
"the",
"polish",
"government",
"-",
"in",
"-",
"exile",
"and",
"a",
"clandestine",
"state",
"apparatus",
"remained",
"in",
"occupied",
"poland",
".",
"a",
"significant",
"part",
"of",
"polish",
"military",
"personnel",
"evacuated",
"to",
"romania",
"and",
"latvia",
";",
"many",
"of",
"them",
"later",
"fought",
"against",
"the",
"axis",
"in",
"other",
"theatres",
"of",
"the",
"war",
".",
"germany",
"annexed",
"western",
"poland",
"and",
"occupied",
"central",
"poland",
";",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"annexed",
"eastern",
"poland",
";",
"small",
"shares",
"of",
"polish",
"territory",
"were",
"transferred",
"to",
"lithuania",
"and",
"slovakia",
".",
"on",
"6",
"october",
",",
"hitler",
"made",
"a",
"public",
"peace",
"overture",
"to",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"france",
"but",
"said",
"that",
"the",
"future",
"of",
"poland",
"was",
"to",
"be",
"determined",
"exclusively",
"by",
"germany",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
".",
"the",
"proposal",
"was",
"rejected",
"and",
"hitler",
"ordered",
"an",
"immediate",
"offensive",
"against",
"france",
",",
"which",
"was",
"postponed",
"until",
"the",
"spring",
"of",
"1940",
"due",
"to",
"bad",
"weather",
".",
"after",
"the",
"outbreak",
"of",
"war",
"in",
"poland",
",",
"stalin",
"threatened",
"estonia",
",",
"latvia",
",",
"and",
"lithuania",
"with",
"military",
"invasion",
",",
"forcing",
"the",
"three",
"baltic",
"countries",
"to",
"sign",
"pact",
"##s",
"allowing",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"soviet",
"military",
"bases",
"in",
"these",
"countries",
";",
"in",
"october",
"1939",
",",
"significant",
"soviet",
"military",
"contingent",
"##s",
"were",
"moved",
"there",
".",
"finland",
"refused",
"to",
"sign",
"a",
"similar",
"pact",
"and",
"rejected",
"ce",
"##ding",
"part",
"of",
"its",
"territory",
"to",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"invaded",
"finland",
"in",
"november",
"1939",
",",
"and",
"was",
"subsequently",
"expelled",
"from",
"the",
"league",
"of",
"nations",
"for",
"this",
"crime",
"of",
"aggression",
".",
"despite",
"overwhelming",
"numerical",
"superiority",
",",
"soviet",
"military",
"success",
"during",
"the",
"winter",
"war",
"was",
"modest",
",",
"and",
"the",
"finn",
"##o",
"-",
"soviet",
"war",
"ended",
"in",
"march",
"1940",
"with",
"some",
"finnish",
"concessions",
"of",
"territory",
".",
"in",
"june",
"1940",
",",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"occupied",
"the",
"entire",
"territories",
"of",
"estonia",
",",
"latvia",
"and",
"lithuania",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"romanian",
"regions",
"of",
"be",
"##ssar",
"##abia",
",",
"northern",
"bu",
"##kov",
"##ina",
",",
"and",
"the",
"her",
"##tsa",
"region",
".",
"in",
"august",
"1940",
",",
"hitler",
"imposed",
"the",
"second",
"vienna",
"award",
"on",
"romania",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"transfer",
"of",
"northern",
"transylvania",
"to",
"hungary",
".",
"in",
"september",
"1940",
",",
"bulgaria",
"demanded",
"southern",
"do",
"##br",
"##uj",
"##a",
"from",
"romania",
"with",
"german",
"and",
"italian",
"support",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"the",
"treaty",
"of",
"cr",
"##ai",
"##ova",
".",
"the",
"loss",
"of",
"one",
"-",
"third",
"of",
"romania",
"'",
"s",
"1939",
"territory",
"caused",
"a",
"coup",
"against",
"king",
"carol",
"ii",
",",
"turning",
"romania",
"into",
"a",
"fascist",
"dictatorship",
"under",
"marshal",
"ion",
"anton",
"##escu",
",",
"with",
"a",
"course",
"set",
"towards",
"the",
"axis",
"in",
"the",
"hopes",
"of",
"a",
"german",
"guarantee",
".",
"meanwhile",
",",
"german",
"-",
"soviet",
"political",
"relations",
"and",
"economic"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 10,
"end_token_idx": 15,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol",
"tokens": [
"cease",
"-",
"fire",
"with",
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 17,
"end_token_idx": 21,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"union",
"invaded",
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 48,
"end_token_idx": 57,
"identifier": "/wiki/Independent_Operational_Group_Polesie",
"tokens": [
"the",
"last",
"large",
"operational",
"unit",
"of",
"the",
"polish",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 57,
"end_token_idx": 75,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Kock_(1939)",
"tokens": [
"surrendered",
"on",
"6",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"october"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 90,
"end_token_idx": 96,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile",
"tokens": [
"polish",
"government",
"-",
"in",
"-",
"exile"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 98,
"end_token_idx": 102,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polish_Underground_State",
"tokens": [
"clandestine",
"state",
"apparatus",
"remained"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 113,
"end_token_idx": 116,
"identifier": "/wiki/Romanian_Bridgehead",
"tokens": [
"evacuated",
"to",
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 123,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Military_history_of_Poland_during_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"fought",
"against",
"the",
"axis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 135,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany",
"tokens": [
"annexed",
"western"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 139,
"end_token_idx": 142,
"identifier": "/wiki/General_Government",
"tokens": [
"occupied",
"central",
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 146,
"end_token_idx": 149,
"identifier": "/wiki/Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"annexed",
"eastern",
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 158,
"end_token_idx": 159,
"identifier": "/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Poland#World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"lithuania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 160,
"end_token_idx": 161,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slovak_invasion_of_Poland",
"tokens": [
"slovakia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 233,
"end_token_idx": 234,
"identifier": "/wiki/Estonia",
"tokens": [
"estonia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 235,
"end_token_idx": 236,
"identifier": "/wiki/Latvia",
"tokens": [
"latvia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 238,
"end_token_idx": 239,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lithuania",
"tokens": [
"lithuania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 246,
"end_token_idx": 248,
"identifier": "/wiki/Baltic_states",
"tokens": [
"baltic",
"countries"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 250,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/Background_of_the_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states#Soviet_ultimatums_and_occupation",
"tokens": [
"pact",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 276,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/Finland",
"tokens": [
"finland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 296,
"end_token_idx": 301,
"identifier": "/wiki/Winter_War#Soviet_invasion",
"tokens": [
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"invaded",
"finland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 311,
"end_token_idx": 314,
"identifier": "/wiki/League_of_Nations",
"tokens": [
"league",
"of",
"nations"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 330,
"end_token_idx": 332,
"identifier": "/wiki/Winter_War",
"tokens": [
"winter",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 347,
"end_token_idx": 352,
"identifier": "/wiki/Moscow_Peace_Treaty",
"tokens": [
"some",
"finnish",
"concessions",
"of",
"territory"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 360,
"end_token_idx": 361,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)",
"tokens": [
"occupied"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 378,
"end_token_idx": 392,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina",
"tokens": [
"be",
"##ssar",
"##abia",
",",
"northern",
"bu",
"##kov",
"##ina",
",",
"and",
"the",
"her",
"##tsa",
"region"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 400,
"end_token_idx": 403,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award",
"tokens": [
"second",
"vienna",
"award"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Northern_Transylvania",
"tokens": [
"northern",
"transylvania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 422,
"end_token_idx": 427,
"identifier": "/wiki/Southern_Dobruja",
"tokens": [
"southern",
"do",
"##br",
"##uj",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 438,
"end_token_idx": 443,
"identifier": "/wiki/Treaty_of_Craiova",
"tokens": [
"treaty",
"of",
"cr",
"##ai",
"##ova"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 472,
"end_token_idx": 475,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ion_Antonescu",
"tokens": [
"ion",
"anton",
"##escu"
]
}
] | [
101,
2006,
2459,
2244,
3912,
1010,
2048,
2420,
2044,
6608,
1037,
13236,
1011,
2543,
2007,
2900,
1010,
1996,
3354,
2586,
10836,
3735,
2104,
1996,
4011,
3653,
18209,
2008,
1996,
3907,
2110,
2018,
7024,
2000,
4839,
1012,
2006,
2676,
2244,
1010,
1996,
8199,
8427,
10795,
2000,
1996,
7074,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2197,
2312,
6515,
3131,
1997,
1996,
3907,
2390,
10795,
2006,
1020,
1026,
8487,
2465,
1027,
1000,
2085,
2527,
2361,
1000,
1028,
1026,
1013,
8487,
1028,
2255,
1012,
2750,
1996,
2510,
4154,
1010,
3735,
2196,
10795,
1025,
2612,
1010,
2009,
2719,
1996,
3907,
2231,
1011,
1999,
1011,
8340,
1998,
1037,
24450,
2110,
14709,
2815,
1999,
4548,
3735,
1012,
1037,
3278,
2112,
1997,
3907,
2510,
5073,
13377,
2000,
6339,
1998,
12429,
1025,
2116,
1997,
2068,
2101,
4061,
2114,
1996,
8123,
1999,
2060,
13166,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1012,
2762,
13291,
2530,
3735,
1998,
4548,
2430,
3735,
1025,
1996,
3354,
2586,
13291,
2789,
3735,
1025,
2235,
6661,
1997,
3907,
3700,
2020,
4015,
2000,
9838,
1998,
10991,
1012,
2006,
1020,
2255,
1010,
8042,
2081,
1037,
2270,
3521,
25052,
2000,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
2605,
2021,
2056,
2008,
1996,
2925,
1997,
3735,
2001,
2000,
2022,
4340,
7580,
2011,
2762,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1012,
1996,
6378,
2001,
5837,
1998,
8042,
3641,
2019,
6234,
5805,
2114,
2605,
1010,
2029,
2001,
14475,
2127,
1996,
3500,
1997,
3878,
2349,
2000,
2919,
4633,
1012,
2044,
1996,
8293,
1997,
2162,
1999,
3735,
1010,
13125,
5561,
10692,
1010,
12429,
1010,
1998,
9838,
2007,
2510,
5274,
1010,
6932,
1996,
2093,
11275,
3032,
2000,
3696,
14790,
2015,
4352,
1996,
4325,
1997,
3354,
2510,
7888,
1999,
2122,
3032,
1025,
1999,
2255,
3912,
1010,
3278,
3354,
2510,
15445,
2015,
2020,
2333,
2045,
1012,
6435,
4188,
2000,
3696,
1037,
2714,
14790,
1998,
5837,
8292,
4667,
2112,
1997,
2049,
3700,
2000,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2586,
10836,
6435,
1999,
2281,
3912,
1010,
1998,
2001,
3525,
10016,
2013,
1996,
2223,
1997,
3741,
2005,
2023,
4126,
1997,
14974,
1012,
2750,
10827,
15973,
19113,
1010,
3354,
2510,
3112,
2076,
1996,
3467,
2162,
2001,
10754,
1010,
1998,
1996,
9303,
2080,
1011,
3354,
2162,
3092,
1999,
2233,
3878,
2007,
2070,
6983,
20638,
1997,
3700,
1012,
1999,
2238,
3878,
1010,
1996,
3354,
2586,
4548,
1996,
2972,
6500,
1997,
10692,
1010,
12429,
1998,
9838,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
1996,
7056,
4655,
1997,
2022,
25556,
29039,
1010,
2642,
20934,
7724,
3981,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2014,
27110,
2555,
1012,
1999,
2257,
3878,
1010,
8042,
9770,
1996,
2117,
6004,
2400,
2006,
6339,
2029,
2419,
2000,
1996,
4651,
1997,
2642,
20816,
2000,
5872,
1012,
1999,
2244,
3878,
1010,
8063,
6303,
2670,
2079,
19892,
23049,
2050,
2013,
6339,
2007,
2446,
1998,
3059,
2490,
1010,
2877,
2000,
1996,
5036,
1997,
13675,
4886,
7103,
1012,
1996,
3279,
1997,
2028,
1011,
2353,
1997,
6339,
1005,
1055,
3912,
3700,
3303,
1037,
8648,
2114,
2332,
8594,
2462,
1010,
3810,
6339,
2046,
1037,
14870,
18944,
2104,
8610,
10163,
9865,
19434,
1010,
2007,
1037,
2607,
2275,
2875,
1996,
8123,
1999,
1996,
8069,
1997,
1037,
2446,
11302,
1012,
5564,
1010,
2446,
1011,
3354,
2576,
4262,
1998,
3171,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"co",
"-",
"operation",
"gradually",
"stalled",
",",
"and",
"both",
"states",
"began",
"preparations",
"for",
"war",
".",
"in",
"april",
"1940",
",",
"germany",
"invaded",
"denmark",
"and",
"norway",
"to",
"protect",
"shipments",
"of",
"iron",
"ore",
"from",
"sweden",
",",
"which",
"the",
"allies",
"were",
"attempting",
"to",
"cut",
"off",
".",
"denmark",
"cap",
"##it",
"##ulated",
"after",
"six",
"hours",
",",
"and",
"despite",
"allied",
"support",
",",
"norway",
"was",
"conquered",
"within",
"two",
"months",
".",
"british",
"discontent",
"over",
"the",
"norwegian",
"campaign",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"resignation",
"of",
"prime",
"minister",
"neville",
"chamberlain",
",",
"who",
"was",
"replaced",
"by",
"winston",
"churchill",
"on",
"10",
"may",
"1940",
".",
"on",
"the",
"same",
"day",
",",
"germany",
"launched",
"an",
"offensive",
"against",
"france",
".",
"to",
"ci",
"##rc",
"##um",
"##vent",
"the",
"strong",
"mag",
"##ino",
"##t",
"line",
"fortifications",
"on",
"the",
"franco",
"-",
"german",
"border",
",",
"germany",
"directed",
"its",
"attack",
"at",
"the",
"neutral",
"nations",
"of",
"belgium",
",",
"the",
"netherlands",
",",
"and",
"luxembourg",
".",
"the",
"germans",
"carried",
"out",
"a",
"flanking",
"man",
"##oe",
"##u",
"##vre",
"through",
"the",
"arden",
"##nes",
"region",
",",
"which",
"was",
"mistakenly",
"perceived",
"by",
"the",
"allies",
"as",
"an",
"imp",
"##ene",
"##tra",
"##ble",
"natural",
"barrier",
"against",
"armoured",
"vehicles",
".",
"by",
"successfully",
"implementing",
"new",
"blitz",
"##kr",
"##ieg",
"tactics",
",",
"the",
"wehrmacht",
"rapidly",
"advanced",
"to",
"the",
"channel",
"and",
"cut",
"off",
"the",
"allied",
"forces",
"in",
"belgium",
",",
"trapping",
"the",
"bulk",
"of",
"the",
"allied",
"armies",
"in",
"a",
"ca",
"##uld",
"##ron",
"on",
"the",
"franco",
"-",
"belgian",
"border",
"near",
"lille",
".",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"was",
"able",
"to",
"evacuate",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"allied",
"troops",
"from",
"the",
"continent",
"by",
"early",
"june",
",",
"although",
"they",
"had",
"to",
"abandon",
"almost",
"all",
"their",
"equipment",
".",
"on",
"10",
"june",
",",
"italy",
"invaded",
"france",
",",
"declaring",
"war",
"on",
"both",
"france",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
".",
"the",
"germans",
"turned",
"south",
"against",
"the",
"weakened",
"french",
"army",
",",
"and",
"paris",
"fell",
"to",
"them",
"on",
"14",
"june",
".",
"eight",
"days",
"later",
"france",
"signed",
"an",
"armistice",
"with",
"germany",
";",
"it",
"was",
"divided",
"into",
"german",
"and",
"italian",
"occupation",
"zones",
",",
"and",
"an",
"uno",
"##cc",
"##up",
"##ied",
"rum",
"##p",
"state",
"under",
"the",
"vichy",
"regime",
",",
"which",
",",
"though",
"officially",
"neutral",
",",
"was",
"generally",
"aligned",
"with",
"germany",
".",
"france",
"kept",
"its",
"fleet",
",",
"which",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"attacked",
"on",
"3",
"july",
"in",
"an",
"attempt",
"to",
"prevent",
"its",
"seizure",
"by",
"germany",
".",
"the",
"air",
"battle",
"of",
"britain",
"began",
"in",
"early",
"july",
"with",
"luftwaffe",
"attacks",
"on",
"shipping",
"and",
"harbour",
"##s",
".",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"rejected",
"hitler",
"'",
"s",
"peace",
"offer",
",",
"and",
"the",
"german",
"air",
"superiority",
"campaign",
"started",
"in",
"august",
"but",
"failed",
"to",
"defeat",
"raf",
"fighter",
"command",
",",
"forcing",
"the",
"indefinite",
"post",
"##pone",
"##ment",
"of",
"the",
"proposed",
"german",
"invasion",
"of",
"britain",
".",
"the",
"german",
"strategic",
"bombing",
"offensive",
"intensified",
"with",
"night",
"attacks",
"on",
"london",
"and",
"other",
"cities",
"in",
"the",
"blitz",
",",
"but",
"largely",
"ended",
"in",
"may",
"1941",
"after",
"failing",
"to",
"significantly",
"disrupt",
"the",
"british",
"war",
"effort",
".",
"using",
"newly",
"captured",
"french",
"ports",
",",
"the",
"german",
"navy",
"enjoyed",
"success",
"against",
"an",
"over",
"-",
"extended",
"royal",
"navy",
",",
"using",
"u",
"-",
"boats",
"against",
"british",
"shipping",
"in",
"the",
"atlantic",
".",
"the",
"british",
"home",
"fleet",
"scored",
"a",
"significant",
"victory",
"on",
"27",
"may",
"1941",
"by",
"sinking",
"the",
"german",
"battleship",
"<",
"i",
">",
"bismarck",
"<",
"/",
"i"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 18,
"end_token_idx": 23,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung",
"tokens": [
"germany",
"invaded",
"denmark",
"and",
"norway"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 27,
"end_token_idx": 31,
"identifier": "/wiki/Swedish_iron-ore_industry_during_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"iron",
"ore",
"from",
"sweden"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 36,
"end_token_idx": 40,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Wilfred",
"tokens": [
"attempting",
"to",
"cut",
"off"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 41,
"end_token_idx": 48,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)",
"tokens": [
"denmark",
"cap",
"##it",
"##ulated",
"after",
"six",
"hours"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 50,
"end_token_idx": 53,
"identifier": "/wiki/Norwegian_campaign",
"tokens": [
"despite",
"allied",
"support"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 61,
"end_token_idx": 67,
"identifier": "/wiki/Norway_Debate",
"tokens": [
"british",
"discontent",
"over",
"the",
"norwegian",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 74,
"end_token_idx": 76,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain",
"tokens": [
"neville",
"chamberlain"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 81,
"end_token_idx": 83,
"identifier": "/wiki/Winston_Churchill",
"tokens": [
"winston",
"churchill"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 94,
"end_token_idx": 99,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_France",
"tokens": [
"launched",
"an",
"offensive",
"against",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 107,
"end_token_idx": 111,
"identifier": "/wiki/Maginot_Line",
"tokens": [
"mag",
"##ino",
"##t",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 128,
"end_token_idx": 129,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)",
"tokens": [
"belgium"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 130,
"end_token_idx": 132,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands",
"tokens": [
"the",
"netherlands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 134,
"end_token_idx": 135,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg",
"tokens": [
"luxembourg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 148,
"end_token_idx": 150,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ardennes",
"tokens": [
"arden",
"##nes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 175,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/Blitzkrieg",
"tokens": [
"blitz",
"##kr",
"##ieg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 222,
"end_token_idx": 230,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation",
"tokens": [
"to",
"evacuate",
"a",
"significant",
"number",
"of",
"allied",
"troops"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 251,
"end_token_idx": 254,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_France",
"tokens": [
"italy",
"invaded",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 276,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/Paris_in_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"paris"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 287,
"end_token_idx": 293,
"identifier": "/wiki/Armistice_of_22_June_1940",
"tokens": [
"france",
"signed",
"an",
"armistice",
"with",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 298,
"end_token_idx": 299,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"german"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 300,
"end_token_idx": 303,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_occupation_of_France",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"occupation",
"zones"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 310,
"end_token_idx": 313,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rump_state",
"tokens": [
"rum",
"##p",
"state"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 315,
"end_token_idx": 317,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vichy_France",
"tokens": [
"vichy",
"regime"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 336,
"end_token_idx": 340,
"identifier": "/wiki/Attack_on_Mers-el-K%C3%A9bir",
"tokens": [
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"attacked"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 355,
"end_token_idx": 358,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Britain",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"britain"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 363,
"end_token_idx": 370,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kanalkampf",
"tokens": [
"luftwaffe",
"attacks",
"on",
"shipping",
"and",
"harbour",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 387,
"identifier": "/wiki/Adlertag",
"tokens": [
"german",
"air",
"superiority",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 394,
"end_token_idx": 397,
"identifier": "/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command",
"tokens": [
"raf",
"fighter",
"command"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 406,
"end_token_idx": 411,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Sea_Lion",
"tokens": [
"proposed",
"german",
"invasion",
"of",
"britain"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 414,
"end_token_idx": 416,
"identifier": "/wiki/Strategic_bombing",
"tokens": [
"strategic",
"bombing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 427,
"end_token_idx": 429,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Blitz",
"tokens": [
"the",
"blitz"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 455,
"end_token_idx": 457,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic#'The_Happy_Time'_(June_1940_–_February_1941)",
"tokens": [
"enjoyed",
"success"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 464,
"identifier": "/wiki/Royal_Navy",
"tokens": [
"royal",
"navy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 466,
"end_token_idx": 469,
"identifier": "/wiki/U-boat",
"tokens": [
"u",
"-",
"boats"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 472,
"end_token_idx": 475,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic",
"tokens": [
"in",
"the",
"atlantic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 478,
"end_token_idx": 480,
"identifier": "/wiki/Home_Fleet",
"tokens": [
"home",
"fleet"
]
}
] | [
101,
2522,
1011,
3169,
6360,
20659,
1010,
1998,
2119,
2163,
2211,
12929,
2005,
2162,
1012,
1999,
2258,
3878,
1010,
2762,
10836,
5842,
1998,
5120,
2000,
4047,
24636,
1997,
3707,
10848,
2013,
4701,
1010,
2029,
1996,
6956,
2020,
7161,
2000,
3013,
2125,
1012,
5842,
6178,
4183,
8898,
2044,
2416,
2847,
1010,
1998,
2750,
6035,
2490,
1010,
5120,
2001,
11438,
2306,
2048,
2706,
1012,
2329,
27648,
2058,
1996,
5046,
3049,
2419,
2000,
1996,
8172,
1997,
3539,
2704,
14871,
13904,
1010,
2040,
2001,
2999,
2011,
10180,
10888,
2006,
2184,
2089,
3878,
1012,
2006,
1996,
2168,
2154,
1010,
2762,
3390,
2019,
5805,
2114,
2605,
1012,
2000,
25022,
11890,
2819,
15338,
1996,
2844,
23848,
5740,
2102,
2240,
14507,
2006,
1996,
9341,
1011,
2446,
3675,
1010,
2762,
2856,
2049,
2886,
2012,
1996,
8699,
3741,
1997,
5706,
1010,
1996,
4549,
1010,
1998,
10765,
1012,
1996,
7074,
3344,
2041,
1037,
24958,
2158,
8913,
2226,
12229,
2083,
1996,
26225,
5267,
2555,
1010,
2029,
2001,
20706,
8690,
2011,
1996,
6956,
2004,
2019,
17727,
8625,
6494,
3468,
3019,
8803,
2114,
11104,
4683,
1012,
2011,
5147,
14972,
2047,
22312,
21638,
28872,
9887,
1010,
1996,
23443,
5901,
3935,
2000,
1996,
3149,
1998,
3013,
2125,
1996,
6035,
2749,
1999,
5706,
1010,
22977,
1996,
9625,
1997,
1996,
6035,
8749,
1999,
1037,
6187,
21285,
4948,
2006,
1996,
9341,
1011,
6995,
3675,
2379,
22479,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2983,
2001,
2583,
2000,
22811,
1037,
3278,
2193,
1997,
6035,
3629,
2013,
1996,
9983,
2011,
2220,
2238,
1010,
2348,
2027,
2018,
2000,
10824,
2471,
2035,
2037,
3941,
1012,
2006,
2184,
2238,
1010,
3304,
10836,
2605,
1010,
13752,
2162,
2006,
2119,
2605,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1012,
1996,
7074,
2357,
2148,
2114,
1996,
11855,
2413,
2390,
1010,
1998,
3000,
3062,
2000,
2068,
2006,
2403,
2238,
1012,
2809,
2420,
2101,
2605,
2772,
2019,
19125,
2007,
2762,
1025,
2009,
2001,
4055,
2046,
2446,
1998,
3059,
6139,
10019,
1010,
1998,
2019,
27776,
9468,
6279,
6340,
19379,
2361,
2110,
2104,
1996,
29177,
6939,
1010,
2029,
1010,
2295,
3985,
8699,
1010,
2001,
3227,
13115,
2007,
2762,
1012,
2605,
2921,
2049,
4170,
1010,
2029,
1996,
2142,
2983,
4457,
2006,
1017,
2251,
1999,
2019,
3535,
2000,
4652,
2049,
18634,
2011,
2762,
1012,
1996,
2250,
2645,
1997,
3725,
2211,
1999,
2220,
2251,
2007,
17740,
4491,
2006,
7829,
1998,
7440,
2015,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2983,
5837,
8042,
1005,
1055,
3521,
3749,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2446,
2250,
19113,
3049,
2318,
1999,
2257,
2021,
3478,
2000,
4154,
7148,
4959,
3094,
1010,
6932,
1996,
25617,
2695,
29513,
3672,
1997,
1996,
3818,
2446,
5274,
1997,
3725,
1012,
1996,
2446,
6143,
8647,
5805,
15767,
2007,
2305,
4491,
2006,
2414,
1998,
2060,
3655,
1999,
1996,
22312,
1010,
2021,
4321,
3092,
1999,
2089,
3874,
2044,
7989,
2000,
6022,
23217,
1996,
2329,
2162,
3947,
1012,
2478,
4397,
4110,
2413,
8831,
1010,
1996,
2446,
3212,
5632,
3112,
2114,
2019,
2058,
1011,
3668,
2548,
3212,
1010,
2478,
1057,
1011,
6242,
2114,
2329,
7829,
1999,
1996,
4448,
1012,
1996,
2329,
2188,
4170,
3195,
1037,
3278,
3377,
2006,
2676,
2089,
3874,
2011,
10186,
1996,
2446,
17224,
1026,
1045,
1028,
22029,
1026,
1013,
1045,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
">",
".",
"in",
"november",
"1939",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"was",
"assisting",
"china",
"and",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
",",
"and",
"had",
"amended",
"the",
"neutrality",
"act",
"to",
"allow",
"\"",
"cash",
"and",
"carry",
"\"",
"purchases",
"by",
"the",
"allies",
".",
"in",
"1940",
",",
"following",
"the",
"german",
"capture",
"of",
"paris",
",",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"navy",
"was",
"significantly",
"increased",
".",
"in",
"september",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"further",
"agreed",
"to",
"a",
"trade",
"of",
"american",
"destroyers",
"for",
"british",
"bases",
".",
"still",
",",
"a",
"large",
"majority",
"of",
"the",
"american",
"public",
"continued",
"to",
"oppose",
"any",
"direct",
"military",
"intervention",
"in",
"the",
"conflict",
"well",
"into",
"1941",
".",
"in",
"december",
"1940",
",",
"roosevelt",
"accused",
"hitler",
"of",
"planning",
"world",
"conquest",
"and",
"ruled",
"out",
"any",
"negotiations",
"as",
"useless",
",",
"calling",
"for",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"to",
"become",
"an",
"\"",
"arsenal",
"of",
"democracy",
"\"",
"and",
"promoting",
"lend",
"-",
"lease",
"programmes",
"of",
"military",
"and",
"humanitarian",
"aid",
"to",
"support",
"the",
"british",
"war",
"effort",
";",
"lend",
"-",
"lease",
"was",
"later",
"extended",
"to",
"the",
"other",
"allies",
",",
"including",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"after",
"it",
"was",
"invaded",
"by",
"germany",
".",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"started",
"strategic",
"planning",
"to",
"prepare",
"for",
"a",
"full",
"-",
"scale",
"offensive",
"against",
"germany",
".",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"september",
"1940",
",",
"the",
"trip",
"##art",
"##ite",
"pact",
"formally",
"united",
"japan",
",",
"italy",
",",
"and",
"germany",
"as",
"the",
"axis",
"powers",
".",
"the",
"trip",
"##art",
"##ite",
"pact",
"stipulated",
"that",
"any",
"country",
"—",
"with",
"the",
"exception",
"of",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"—",
"that",
"attacked",
"any",
"axis",
"power",
"would",
"be",
"forced",
"to",
"go",
"to",
"war",
"against",
"all",
"three",
".",
"the",
"axis",
"expanded",
"in",
"november",
"1940",
"when",
"hungary",
",",
"slovakia",
",",
"and",
"romania",
"joined",
".",
"romania",
"and",
"hungary",
"later",
"made",
"major",
"contributions",
"to",
"the",
"axis",
"war",
"against",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"in",
"romania",
"'",
"s",
"case",
"partially",
"to",
"recapture",
"territory",
"ceded",
"to",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
".",
"in",
"early",
"june",
"1940",
",",
"the",
"italian",
"reg",
"##ia",
"aero",
"##naut",
"##ica",
"attacked",
"and",
"besieged",
"malta",
",",
"a",
"british",
"possession",
".",
"from",
"late",
"summer",
"to",
"early",
"autumn",
",",
"italy",
"conquered",
"british",
"somali",
"##land",
"and",
"made",
"an",
"inc",
"##urs",
"##ion",
"into",
"british",
"-",
"held",
"egypt",
".",
"in",
"october",
",",
"italy",
"attacked",
"greece",
",",
"but",
"the",
"attack",
"was",
"repulsed",
"with",
"heavy",
"italian",
"casualties",
";",
"the",
"campaign",
"ended",
"within",
"months",
"with",
"minor",
"territorial",
"changes",
".",
"to",
"assist",
"italy",
"and",
"prevent",
"britain",
"from",
"gaining",
"a",
"foot",
"##hold",
",",
"germany",
"prepared",
"to",
"invade",
"the",
"balkans",
",",
"which",
"would",
"threaten",
"romanian",
"oil",
"fields",
"and",
"strike",
"against",
"british",
"dominance",
"of",
"the",
"mediterranean",
".",
"in",
"december",
"1940",
",",
"british",
"empire",
"forces",
"began",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"##s",
"against",
"italian",
"forces",
"in",
"egypt",
"and",
"italian",
"east",
"africa",
".",
"the",
"offensive",
"##s",
"were",
"successful",
";",
"by",
"early",
"february",
"1941",
",",
"italy",
"had",
"lost",
"control",
"of",
"eastern",
"libya",
",",
"and",
"large",
"numbers",
"of",
"italian",
"troops",
"had",
"been",
"taken",
"prisoner",
".",
"the",
"italian",
"navy",
"also",
"suffered",
"significant",
"defeats",
",",
"with",
"the",
"royal",
"navy",
"putting",
"three",
"italian",
"battleships",
"out",
"of",
"commission",
"after",
"a",
"carrier",
"attack",
"at",
"tara",
"##nto",
",",
"and",
"neutral",
"##ising",
"several",
"more",
"warships",
"at",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"cape",
"mata",
"##pan",
".",
"italian",
"defeats",
"prompted",
"germany",
"to",
"deploy",
"an",
"expeditionary",
"force",
"to",
"north"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 21,
"end_token_idx": 23,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neutrality_Acts_of_the_1930s",
"tokens": [
"neutrality",
"act"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 25,
"end_token_idx": 30,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cash_and_carry_(World_War_II)",
"tokens": [
"\"",
"cash",
"and",
"carry",
"\""
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 49,
"end_token_idx": 52,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_States_Navy",
"tokens": [
"united",
"states",
"navy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 53,
"end_token_idx": 55,
"identifier": "/wiki/Two-Ocean_Navy_Act",
"tokens": [
"significantly",
"increased"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 65,
"end_token_idx": 72,
"identifier": "/wiki/Destroyers-for-bases_deal",
"tokens": [
"trade",
"of",
"american",
"destroyers",
"for",
"british",
"bases"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 124,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arsenal_of_Democracy",
"tokens": [
"arsenal",
"of",
"democracy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 130,
"end_token_idx": 133,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lend-Lease",
"tokens": [
"lend",
"-",
"lease"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 164,
"end_token_idx": 165,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa",
"tokens": [
"invaded"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 193,
"end_token_idx": 197,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tripartite_Pact",
"tokens": [
"trip",
"##art",
"##ite",
"pact"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 207,
"end_token_idx": 209,
"identifier": "/wiki/Axis_powers",
"tokens": [
"axis",
"powers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 251,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)",
"tokens": [
"hungary"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 253,
"end_token_idx": 254,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)",
"tokens": [
"slovakia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 256,
"end_token_idx": 257,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania",
"tokens": [
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 260,
"identifier": "/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 262,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"hungary"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 283,
"end_token_idx": 289,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina",
"tokens": [
"territory",
"ceded",
"to",
"the",
"soviet",
"union"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 302,
"end_token_idx": 306,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)",
"tokens": [
"attacked",
"and",
"besieged",
"malta"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 319,
"end_token_idx": 323,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland",
"tokens": [
"conquered",
"british",
"somali",
"##land"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 326,
"end_token_idx": 334,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Egypt",
"tokens": [
"inc",
"##urs",
"##ion",
"into",
"british",
"-",
"held",
"egypt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 338,
"end_token_idx": 341,
"identifier": "/wiki/Greco-Italian_War",
"tokens": [
"italy",
"attacked",
"greece"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 404,
"end_token_idx": 408,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Compass",
"tokens": [
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 414,
"end_token_idx": 417,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"east",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 449,
"end_token_idx": 451,
"identifier": "/wiki/Regia_Marina",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"navy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 469,
"end_token_idx": 474,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Taranto",
"tokens": [
"carrier",
"attack",
"at",
"tara",
"##nto"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 483,
"end_token_idx": 488,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Matapan",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"cape",
"mata",
"##pan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 494,
"end_token_idx": 498,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Sonnenblume",
"tokens": [
"deploy",
"an",
"expeditionary",
"force"
]
}
] | [
101,
1028,
1012,
1999,
2281,
3912,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2001,
13951,
2859,
1998,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1010,
1998,
2018,
13266,
1996,
21083,
2552,
2000,
3499,
1000,
5356,
1998,
4287,
1000,
17402,
2011,
1996,
6956,
1012,
1999,
3878,
1010,
2206,
1996,
2446,
5425,
1997,
3000,
1010,
1996,
2946,
1997,
1996,
2142,
2163,
3212,
2001,
6022,
3445,
1012,
1999,
2244,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2582,
3530,
2000,
1037,
3119,
1997,
2137,
13242,
2005,
2329,
7888,
1012,
2145,
1010,
1037,
2312,
3484,
1997,
1996,
2137,
2270,
2506,
2000,
15391,
2151,
3622,
2510,
8830,
1999,
1996,
4736,
2092,
2046,
3874,
1012,
1999,
2285,
3878,
1010,
8573,
5496,
8042,
1997,
4041,
2088,
9187,
1998,
5451,
2041,
2151,
7776,
2004,
11809,
1010,
4214,
2005,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2000,
2468,
2019,
1000,
9433,
1997,
7072,
1000,
1998,
7694,
18496,
1011,
10084,
8497,
1997,
2510,
1998,
11470,
4681,
2000,
2490,
1996,
2329,
2162,
3947,
1025,
18496,
1011,
10084,
2001,
2101,
3668,
2000,
1996,
2060,
6956,
1010,
2164,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2044,
2009,
2001,
10836,
2011,
2762,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2318,
6143,
4041,
2000,
7374,
2005,
1037,
2440,
1011,
4094,
5805,
2114,
2762,
1012,
2012,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2244,
3878,
1010,
1996,
4440,
8445,
4221,
14790,
6246,
2142,
2900,
1010,
3304,
1010,
1998,
2762,
2004,
1996,
8123,
4204,
1012,
1996,
4440,
8445,
4221,
14790,
25729,
2008,
2151,
2406,
1517,
2007,
1996,
6453,
1997,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1517,
2008,
4457,
2151,
8123,
2373,
2052,
2022,
3140,
2000,
2175,
2000,
2162,
2114,
2035,
2093,
1012,
1996,
8123,
4423,
1999,
2281,
3878,
2043,
5872,
1010,
10991,
1010,
1998,
6339,
2587,
1012,
6339,
1998,
5872,
2101,
2081,
2350,
5857,
2000,
1996,
8123,
2162,
2114,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
1999,
6339,
1005,
1055,
2553,
6822,
2000,
27639,
3700,
19705,
2000,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1012,
1999,
2220,
2238,
3878,
1010,
1996,
3059,
19723,
2401,
18440,
24619,
5555,
4457,
1998,
17923,
9933,
1010,
1037,
2329,
6664,
1012,
2013,
2397,
2621,
2000,
2220,
7114,
1010,
3304,
11438,
2329,
16831,
3122,
1998,
2081,
2019,
4297,
9236,
3258,
2046,
2329,
1011,
2218,
5279,
1012,
1999,
2255,
1010,
3304,
4457,
5483,
1010,
2021,
1996,
2886,
2001,
24571,
2007,
3082,
3059,
8664,
1025,
1996,
3049,
3092,
2306,
2706,
2007,
3576,
7894,
3431,
1012,
2000,
6509,
3304,
1998,
4652,
3725,
2013,
8550,
1037,
3329,
12640,
1010,
2762,
4810,
2000,
18445,
1996,
19733,
1010,
2029,
2052,
15686,
7056,
3514,
4249,
1998,
4894,
2114,
2329,
13811,
1997,
1996,
7095,
1012,
1999,
2285,
3878,
1010,
2329,
3400,
2749,
2211,
4675,
1011,
5805,
2015,
2114,
3059,
2749,
1999,
5279,
1998,
3059,
2264,
3088,
1012,
1996,
5805,
2015,
2020,
3144,
1025,
2011,
2220,
2337,
3874,
1010,
3304,
2018,
2439,
2491,
1997,
2789,
12917,
1010,
1998,
2312,
3616,
1997,
3059,
3629,
2018,
2042,
2579,
7267,
1012,
1996,
3059,
3212,
2036,
4265,
3278,
14222,
1010,
2007,
1996,
2548,
3212,
5128,
2093,
3059,
21327,
2041,
1997,
3222,
2044,
1037,
6839,
2886,
2012,
10225,
13663,
1010,
1998,
8699,
9355,
2195,
2062,
15964,
2012,
1996,
2645,
1997,
4880,
22640,
9739,
1012,
3059,
14222,
9469,
2762,
2000,
21296,
2019,
15372,
2486,
2000,
2167,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"africa",
";",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"march",
"1941",
",",
"rom",
"##mel",
"'",
"s",
"af",
"##rika",
"ko",
"##rp",
"##s",
"launched",
"an",
"offensive",
"which",
"drove",
"back",
"commonwealth",
"forces",
".",
"in",
"less",
"than",
"a",
"month",
",",
"axis",
"forces",
"advanced",
"to",
"western",
"egypt",
"and",
"besieged",
"the",
"port",
"of",
"to",
"##br",
"##uk",
".",
"by",
"late",
"march",
"1941",
",",
"bulgaria",
"and",
"yugoslavia",
"signed",
"the",
"trip",
"##art",
"##ite",
"pact",
";",
"however",
",",
"the",
"yugoslav",
"government",
"was",
"overthrow",
"##n",
"two",
"days",
"later",
"by",
"pro",
"-",
"british",
"nationalists",
".",
"germany",
"and",
"italy",
"responded",
"with",
"simultaneous",
"invasions",
"of",
"both",
"yugoslavia",
"and",
"greece",
",",
"commencing",
"on",
"6",
"april",
"1941",
";",
"both",
"nations",
"were",
"forced",
"to",
"surrender",
"within",
"the",
"month",
".",
"the",
"airborne",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"greek",
"island",
"of",
"crete",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"may",
"completed",
"the",
"german",
"conquest",
"of",
"the",
"balkans",
".",
"partisan",
"warfare",
"subsequently",
"broke",
"out",
"against",
"the",
"axis",
"occupation",
"of",
"yugoslavia",
",",
"which",
"continued",
"until",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
".",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"east",
"in",
"may",
",",
"commonwealth",
"forces",
"qu",
"##ash",
"##ed",
"an",
"uprising",
"in",
"iraq",
"which",
"had",
"been",
"supported",
"by",
"german",
"aircraft",
"from",
"bases",
"within",
"vichy",
"-",
"controlled",
"syria",
".",
"between",
"june",
"and",
"july",
",",
"british",
"-",
"led",
"forces",
"invaded",
"and",
"occupied",
"the",
"french",
"possessions",
"of",
"syria",
"and",
"lebanon",
",",
"assisted",
"by",
"the",
"free",
"french",
".",
"with",
"the",
"situation",
"in",
"europe",
"and",
"asia",
"relatively",
"stable",
",",
"germany",
",",
"japan",
",",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"made",
"preparations",
"for",
"war",
".",
"with",
"the",
"soviets",
"wary",
"of",
"mounting",
"tensions",
"with",
"germany",
",",
"and",
"the",
"japanese",
"planning",
"to",
"take",
"advantage",
"of",
"the",
"european",
"war",
"by",
"seizing",
"resource",
"-",
"rich",
"european",
"possessions",
"in",
"southeast",
"asia",
",",
"the",
"two",
"powers",
"signed",
"the",
"soviet",
"–",
"japanese",
"neutrality",
"pact",
"in",
"april",
"1941",
".",
"by",
"contrast",
",",
"the",
"germans",
"were",
"steadily",
"making",
"preparations",
"for",
"an",
"attack",
"on",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"mass",
"##ing",
"forces",
"on",
"the",
"soviet",
"border",
".",
"hitler",
"believed",
"that",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"'",
"s",
"refusal",
"to",
"end",
"the",
"war",
"was",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"hope",
"that",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"would",
"enter",
"the",
"war",
"against",
"germany",
"sooner",
"or",
"later",
".",
"on",
"31",
"july",
"1940",
",",
"hitler",
"decided",
"that",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"should",
"be",
"eliminated",
"and",
"aimed",
"for",
"the",
"conquest",
"of",
"ukraine",
",",
"the",
"baltic",
"states",
"and",
"bye",
"##lor",
"##uss",
"##ia",
".",
"however",
",",
"other",
"senior",
"german",
"officials",
"like",
"rib",
"##ben",
"##tro",
"##p",
"saw",
"an",
"opportunity",
"to",
"create",
"a",
"euro",
"-",
"asian",
"bloc",
"against",
"the",
"british",
"empire",
"by",
"inviting",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"into",
"the",
"trip",
"##art",
"##ite",
"pact",
".",
"in",
"november",
"1940",
",",
"negotiations",
"took",
"place",
"to",
"determine",
"if",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"would",
"join",
"the",
"pact",
".",
"the",
"soviets",
"showed",
"some",
"interest",
"but",
"asked",
"for",
"concessions",
"from",
"finland",
",",
"bulgaria",
",",
"turkey",
",",
"and",
"japan",
"that",
"germany",
"considered",
"unacceptable",
".",
"on",
"18",
"december",
"1940",
",",
"hitler",
"issued",
"the",
"directive",
"to",
"prepare",
"for",
"an",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
".",
"on",
"22",
"june",
"1941",
",",
"germany",
",",
"supported",
"by",
"italy",
"and",
"romania",
",",
"invaded",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"in",
"operation",
"bar",
"##bar",
"##ossa",
",",
"with",
"germany",
"accusing",
"the",
"soviets",
"of",
"plotting",
"against",
"them",
";"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 9,
"end_token_idx": 11,
"identifier": "/wiki/Erwin_Rommel",
"tokens": [
"rom",
"##mel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 13,
"end_token_idx": 18,
"identifier": "/wiki/Afrika_Korps",
"tokens": [
"af",
"##rika",
"ko",
"##rp",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 18,
"end_token_idx": 21,
"identifier": "/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign",
"tokens": [
"launched",
"an",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 40,
"end_token_idx": 47,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siege_of_Tobruk",
"tokens": [
"besieged",
"the",
"port",
"of",
"to",
"##br",
"##uk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 53,
"end_token_idx": 54,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bulgaria",
"tokens": [
"bulgaria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 55,
"end_token_idx": 56,
"identifier": "/wiki/Yugoslavia",
"tokens": [
"yugoslavia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 58,
"end_token_idx": 62,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tripartite_Pact",
"tokens": [
"trip",
"##art",
"##ite",
"pact"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 69,
"end_token_idx": 74,
"identifier": "/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat",
"tokens": [
"overthrow",
"##n",
"two",
"days",
"later"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 89,
"end_token_idx": 90,
"identifier": "/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia",
"tokens": [
"yugoslavia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 91,
"end_token_idx": 92,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece",
"tokens": [
"greece"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 111,
"end_token_idx": 118,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Crete",
"tokens": [
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"greek",
"island",
"of",
"crete"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 138,
"end_token_idx": 142,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia",
"tokens": [
"axis",
"occupation",
"of",
"yugoslavia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 161,
"end_token_idx": 168,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War",
"tokens": [
"qu",
"##ash",
"##ed",
"an",
"uprising",
"in",
"iraq"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 181,
"end_token_idx": 182,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon",
"tokens": [
"syria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 192,
"end_token_idx": 202,
"identifier": "/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"and",
"occupied",
"the",
"french",
"possessions",
"of",
"syria",
"and",
"lebanon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 206,
"end_token_idx": 208,
"identifier": "/wiki/Free_France",
"tokens": [
"free",
"french"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 263,
"identifier": "/wiki/Southeast_Asia",
"tokens": [
"southeast",
"asia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_Neutrality_Pact",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"–",
"japanese",
"neutrality",
"pact"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 359,
"end_token_idx": 360,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic",
"tokens": [
"ukraine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 362,
"end_token_idx": 364,
"identifier": "/wiki/Baltic_states",
"tokens": [
"baltic",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 365,
"end_token_idx": 369,
"identifier": "/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic",
"tokens": [
"bye",
"##lor",
"##uss",
"##ia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 414,
"identifier": "/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks",
"tokens": [
"negotiations",
"took",
"place"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 485,
"end_token_idx": 489,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa",
"tokens": [
"operation",
"bar",
"##bar",
"##ossa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 496,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_offensive_plans_controversy",
"tokens": [
"plotting",
"against",
"them"
]
}
] | [
101,
3088,
1025,
2012,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2233,
3874,
1010,
17083,
10199,
1005,
1055,
21358,
23778,
12849,
14536,
2015,
3390,
2019,
5805,
2029,
5225,
2067,
5663,
2749,
1012,
1999,
2625,
2084,
1037,
3204,
1010,
8123,
2749,
3935,
2000,
2530,
5279,
1998,
17923,
1996,
3417,
1997,
2000,
19892,
6968,
1012,
2011,
2397,
2233,
3874,
1010,
8063,
1998,
8936,
2772,
1996,
4440,
8445,
4221,
14790,
1025,
2174,
1010,
1996,
12292,
2231,
2001,
16857,
2078,
2048,
2420,
2101,
2011,
4013,
1011,
2329,
17934,
1012,
2762,
1998,
3304,
5838,
2007,
17424,
23536,
1997,
2119,
8936,
1998,
5483,
1010,
25819,
2006,
1020,
2258,
3874,
1025,
2119,
3741,
2020,
3140,
2000,
7806,
2306,
1996,
3204,
1012,
1996,
10519,
5274,
1997,
1996,
3306,
2479,
1997,
19111,
2012,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2089,
2949,
1996,
2446,
9187,
1997,
1996,
19733,
1012,
14254,
8309,
3525,
3631,
2041,
2114,
1996,
8123,
6139,
1997,
8936,
1010,
2029,
2506,
2127,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2690,
2264,
1999,
2089,
1010,
5663,
2749,
24209,
11823,
2098,
2019,
10138,
1999,
5712,
2029,
2018,
2042,
3569,
2011,
2446,
2948,
2013,
7888,
2306,
29177,
1011,
4758,
7795,
1012,
2090,
2238,
1998,
2251,
1010,
2329,
1011,
2419,
2749,
10836,
1998,
4548,
1996,
2413,
13689,
1997,
7795,
1998,
8341,
1010,
7197,
2011,
1996,
2489,
2413,
1012,
2007,
1996,
3663,
1999,
2885,
1998,
4021,
4659,
6540,
1010,
2762,
1010,
2900,
1010,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2081,
12929,
2005,
2162,
1012,
2007,
1996,
15269,
15705,
1997,
15986,
13136,
2007,
2762,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2887,
4041,
2000,
2202,
5056,
1997,
1996,
2647,
2162,
2011,
24681,
7692,
1011,
4138,
2647,
13689,
1999,
4643,
4021,
1010,
1996,
2048,
4204,
2772,
1996,
3354,
1516,
2887,
21083,
14790,
1999,
2258,
3874,
1012,
2011,
5688,
1010,
1996,
7074,
2020,
11328,
2437,
12929,
2005,
2019,
2886,
2006,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
3742,
2075,
2749,
2006,
1996,
3354,
3675,
1012,
8042,
3373,
2008,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1005,
1055,
13948,
2000,
2203,
1996,
2162,
2001,
2241,
2006,
1996,
3246,
2008,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2052,
4607,
1996,
2162,
2114,
2762,
10076,
2030,
2101,
1012,
2006,
2861,
2251,
3878,
1010,
8042,
2787,
2008,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2323,
2022,
5892,
1998,
6461,
2005,
1996,
9187,
1997,
5924,
1010,
1996,
11275,
2163,
1998,
9061,
10626,
17854,
2401,
1012,
2174,
1010,
2060,
3026,
2446,
4584,
2066,
19395,
10609,
13181,
2361,
2387,
2019,
4495,
2000,
3443,
1037,
9944,
1011,
4004,
15984,
2114,
1996,
2329,
3400,
2011,
15085,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2046,
1996,
4440,
8445,
4221,
14790,
1012,
1999,
2281,
3878,
1010,
7776,
2165,
2173,
2000,
5646,
2065,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2052,
3693,
1996,
14790,
1012,
1996,
15269,
3662,
2070,
3037,
2021,
2356,
2005,
20638,
2013,
6435,
1010,
8063,
1010,
4977,
1010,
1998,
2900,
2008,
2762,
2641,
21873,
1012,
2006,
2324,
2285,
3878,
1010,
8042,
3843,
1996,
16449,
2000,
7374,
2005,
2019,
5274,
1997,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1012,
2006,
2570,
2238,
3874,
1010,
2762,
1010,
3569,
2011,
3304,
1998,
6339,
1010,
10836,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1999,
3169,
3347,
8237,
21842,
1010,
2007,
2762,
16723,
1996,
15269,
1997,
20699,
2114,
2068,
1025,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"they",
"were",
"joined",
"shortly",
"by",
"finland",
"and",
"hungary",
".",
"the",
"primary",
"targets",
"of",
"this",
"surprise",
"offensive",
"were",
"the",
"baltic",
"region",
",",
"moscow",
"and",
"ukraine",
",",
"with",
"the",
"ultimate",
"goal",
"of",
"ending",
"the",
"1941",
"campaign",
"near",
"the",
"ark",
"##hang",
"##els",
"##k",
"-",
"as",
"##tra",
"##khan",
"line",
"—",
"from",
"the",
"caspian",
"to",
"the",
"white",
"seas",
".",
"hitler",
"'",
"s",
"objectives",
"were",
"to",
"eliminate",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"as",
"a",
"military",
"power",
",",
"ex",
"##ter",
"##minate",
"communism",
",",
"generate",
"le",
"##ben",
"##sr",
"##au",
"##m",
"(",
"\"",
"living",
"space",
"\"",
")",
"by",
"di",
"##sp",
"##oss",
"##ess",
"##ing",
"the",
"native",
"population",
",",
"and",
"guarantee",
"access",
"to",
"the",
"strategic",
"resources",
"needed",
"to",
"defeat",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"remaining",
"rivals",
".",
"although",
"the",
"red",
"army",
"was",
"preparing",
"for",
"strategic",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"##s",
"before",
"the",
"war",
",",
"operation",
"bar",
"##bar",
"##ossa",
"forced",
"the",
"soviet",
"supreme",
"command",
"to",
"adopt",
"strategic",
"defence",
".",
"during",
"the",
"summer",
",",
"the",
"axis",
"made",
"significant",
"gains",
"into",
"soviet",
"territory",
",",
"in",
"##flict",
"##ing",
"immense",
"losses",
"in",
"both",
"personnel",
"and",
"mater",
"##iel",
".",
"by",
"mid",
"-",
"august",
",",
"however",
",",
"the",
"german",
"army",
"high",
"command",
"decided",
"to",
"suspend",
"the",
"offensive",
"of",
"a",
"considerably",
"depleted",
"army",
"group",
"centre",
",",
"and",
"to",
"divert",
"the",
"2nd",
"panzer",
"group",
"to",
"reinforce",
"troops",
"advancing",
"towards",
"central",
"ukraine",
"and",
"leningrad",
".",
"the",
"kiev",
"offensive",
"was",
"overwhelmingly",
"successful",
",",
"resulting",
"in",
"en",
"##ci",
"##rcle",
"##ment",
"and",
"elimination",
"of",
"four",
"soviet",
"armies",
",",
"and",
"made",
"possible",
"further",
"advance",
"into",
"crimea",
"and",
"industrial",
"##ly",
"-",
"developed",
"eastern",
"ukraine",
"(",
"the",
"first",
"battle",
"of",
"k",
"##har",
"##kov",
")",
".",
"the",
"diversion",
"of",
"three",
"-",
"quarters",
"of",
"the",
"axis",
"troops",
"and",
"the",
"majority",
"of",
"their",
"air",
"forces",
"from",
"france",
"and",
"the",
"central",
"mediterranean",
"to",
"the",
"eastern",
"front",
"prompted",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"to",
"rec",
"##ons",
"##ider",
"its",
"grand",
"strategy",
".",
"in",
"july",
",",
"the",
"uk",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"formed",
"a",
"military",
"alliance",
"against",
"germany",
"and",
"in",
"august",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"jointly",
"issued",
"the",
"atlantic",
"charter",
",",
"which",
"outlined",
"british",
"and",
"american",
"goals",
"for",
"the",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"world",
".",
"in",
"late",
"august",
"the",
"british",
"and",
"soviets",
"invaded",
"neutral",
"iran",
"to",
"secure",
"the",
"persian",
"corridor",
",",
"iran",
"'",
"s",
"oil",
"fields",
",",
"and",
"pre",
"##em",
"##pt",
"any",
"axis",
"advances",
"through",
"iran",
"toward",
"the",
"baku",
"oil",
"fields",
"or",
"india",
".",
"by",
"october",
",",
"axis",
"powers",
"had",
"achieved",
"operational",
"objectives",
"in",
"ukraine",
"and",
"the",
"baltic",
"region",
",",
"with",
"only",
"the",
"siege",
"##s",
"of",
"leningrad",
"and",
"se",
"##vas",
"##top",
"##ol",
"continuing",
".",
"a",
"major",
"offensive",
"against",
"moscow",
"was",
"renewed",
";",
"after",
"two",
"months",
"of",
"fierce",
"battles",
"in",
"increasingly",
"harsh",
"weather",
",",
"the",
"german",
"army",
"almost",
"reached",
"the",
"outer",
"suburbs",
"of",
"moscow",
",",
"where",
"the",
"exhausted",
"troops",
"were",
"forced",
"to",
"suspend",
"the",
"offensive",
".",
"large",
"territorial",
"gains",
"were",
"made",
"by",
"axis",
"forces",
",",
"but",
"their",
"campaign",
"had",
"failed",
"to",
"achieve",
"its",
"main",
"objectives",
":",
"two",
"key",
"cities",
"remained",
"in",
"soviet",
"hands",
",",
"the",
"soviet",
"capability",
"to",
"resist",
"was",
"not",
"broken",
",",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"retained",
"a",
"considerable",
"part",
"of",
"its",
"military",
"potential",
".",
"the",
"blitz",
"##kr"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 18,
"end_token_idx": 20,
"identifier": "/wiki/Baltic_region",
"tokens": [
"baltic",
"region"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 27,
"end_token_idx": 29,
"identifier": "/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)",
"tokens": [
"ultimate",
"goal"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 36,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/A-A_line",
"tokens": [
"ark",
"##hang",
"##els",
"##k",
"-",
"as",
"##tra",
"##khan",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 48,
"end_token_idx": 49,
"identifier": "/wiki/Caspian_Sea",
"tokens": [
"caspian"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 51,
"end_token_idx": 53,
"identifier": "/wiki/White_Sea",
"tokens": [
"white",
"seas"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 72,
"end_token_idx": 73,
"identifier": "/wiki/Communism",
"tokens": [
"communism"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 75,
"end_token_idx": 80,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lebensraum",
"tokens": [
"le",
"##ben",
"##sr",
"##au",
"##m"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 87,
"end_token_idx": 95,
"identifier": "/wiki/Generalplan_Ost",
"tokens": [
"di",
"##sp",
"##oss",
"##ess",
"##ing",
"the",
"native",
"population"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 114,
"end_token_idx": 116,
"identifier": "/wiki/Red_Army",
"tokens": [
"red",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 120,
"end_token_idx": 124,
"identifier": "/wiki/Counter-offensive",
"tokens": [
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 134,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stavka",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"supreme",
"command"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 139,
"end_token_idx": 141,
"identifier": "/wiki/Strategic_defence",
"tokens": [
"strategic",
"defence"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 176,
"end_token_idx": 179,
"identifier": "/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres",
"tokens": [
"army",
"high",
"command"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 181,
"end_token_idx": 184,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Smolensk_(1941)",
"tokens": [
"suspend",
"the",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 188,
"end_token_idx": 191,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_Centre",
"tokens": [
"army",
"group",
"centre"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 196,
"end_token_idx": 199,
"identifier": "/wiki/2nd_Panzer_Army",
"tokens": [
"2nd",
"panzer",
"group"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 210,
"end_token_idx": 212,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)",
"tokens": [
"kiev",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 233,
"end_token_idx": 236,
"identifier": "/wiki/Crimean_campaign",
"tokens": [
"advance",
"into",
"crimea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 245,
"end_token_idx": 251,
"identifier": "/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kharkov",
"tokens": [
"first",
"battle",
"of",
"k",
"##har",
"##kov"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 280,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)",
"tokens": [
"eastern",
"front"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 289,
"end_token_idx": 291,
"identifier": "/wiki/Grand_strategy",
"tokens": [
"grand",
"strategy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 307,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_Agreement",
"tokens": [
"military",
"alliance",
"against",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 321,
"end_token_idx": 323,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atlantic_Charter",
"tokens": [
"atlantic",
"charter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 344,
"end_token_idx": 347,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"neutral",
"iran"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 350,
"end_token_idx": 352,
"identifier": "/wiki/Persian_Corridor",
"tokens": [
"persian",
"corridor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 358,
"identifier": "/wiki/Oil_fields",
"tokens": [
"oil",
"fields"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operational_objective",
"tokens": [
"operational",
"objectives"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 398,
"end_token_idx": 399,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad",
"tokens": [
"leningrad"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 400,
"end_token_idx": 404,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)",
"tokens": [
"se",
"##vas",
"##top",
"##ol"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 408,
"end_token_idx": 411,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow",
"tokens": [
"offensive",
"against",
"moscow"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 480,
"identifier": "/wiki/Military_capability",
"tokens": [
"capability",
"to",
"resist"
]
}
] | [
101,
2027,
2020,
2587,
3859,
2011,
6435,
1998,
5872,
1012,
1996,
3078,
7889,
1997,
2023,
4474,
5805,
2020,
1996,
11275,
2555,
1010,
4924,
1998,
5924,
1010,
2007,
1996,
7209,
3125,
1997,
4566,
1996,
3874,
3049,
2379,
1996,
15745,
18003,
9050,
2243,
1011,
2004,
6494,
26370,
2240,
1517,
2013,
1996,
25893,
2000,
1996,
2317,
11915,
1012,
8042,
1005,
1055,
11100,
2020,
2000,
11027,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2004,
1037,
2510,
2373,
1010,
4654,
3334,
19269,
15523,
1010,
9699,
3393,
10609,
21338,
4887,
2213,
1006,
1000,
2542,
2686,
1000,
1007,
2011,
4487,
13102,
15094,
7971,
2075,
1996,
3128,
2313,
1010,
1998,
11302,
3229,
2000,
1996,
6143,
4219,
2734,
2000,
4154,
2762,
1005,
1055,
3588,
9169,
1012,
2348,
1996,
2417,
2390,
2001,
8225,
2005,
6143,
4675,
1011,
5805,
2015,
2077,
1996,
2162,
1010,
3169,
3347,
8237,
21842,
3140,
1996,
3354,
4259,
3094,
2000,
11092,
6143,
4721,
1012,
2076,
1996,
2621,
1010,
1996,
8123,
2081,
3278,
12154,
2046,
3354,
3700,
1010,
1999,
29301,
2075,
14269,
6409,
1999,
2119,
5073,
1998,
16289,
9257,
1012,
2011,
3054,
1011,
2257,
1010,
2174,
1010,
1996,
2446,
2390,
2152,
3094,
2787,
2000,
28324,
1996,
5805,
1997,
1037,
9839,
22595,
2390,
2177,
2803,
1010,
1998,
2000,
27345,
1996,
3416,
16946,
2177,
2000,
19444,
3629,
10787,
2875,
2430,
5924,
1998,
15930,
1012,
1996,
12100,
5805,
2001,
24783,
3144,
1010,
4525,
1999,
4372,
6895,
21769,
3672,
1998,
9614,
1997,
2176,
3354,
8749,
1010,
1998,
2081,
2825,
2582,
5083,
2046,
21516,
1998,
3919,
2135,
1011,
2764,
2789,
5924,
1006,
1996,
2034,
2645,
1997,
1047,
8167,
7724,
1007,
1012,
1996,
20150,
1997,
2093,
1011,
7728,
1997,
1996,
8123,
3629,
1998,
1996,
3484,
1997,
2037,
2250,
2749,
2013,
2605,
1998,
1996,
2430,
7095,
2000,
1996,
2789,
2392,
9469,
1996,
2142,
2983,
2000,
28667,
5644,
18688,
2049,
2882,
5656,
1012,
1999,
2251,
1010,
1996,
2866,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2719,
1037,
2510,
4707,
2114,
2762,
1998,
1999,
2257,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2163,
10776,
3843,
1996,
4448,
6111,
1010,
2029,
14801,
2329,
1998,
2137,
3289,
2005,
1996,
2695,
1011,
2162,
2088,
1012,
1999,
2397,
2257,
1996,
2329,
1998,
15269,
10836,
8699,
4238,
2000,
5851,
1996,
4723,
7120,
1010,
4238,
1005,
1055,
3514,
4249,
1010,
1998,
3653,
6633,
13876,
2151,
8123,
9849,
2083,
4238,
2646,
1996,
16807,
3514,
4249,
2030,
2634,
1012,
2011,
2255,
1010,
8123,
4204,
2018,
4719,
6515,
11100,
1999,
5924,
1998,
1996,
11275,
2555,
1010,
2007,
2069,
1996,
6859,
2015,
1997,
15930,
1998,
7367,
12044,
14399,
4747,
5719,
1012,
1037,
2350,
5805,
2114,
4924,
2001,
9100,
1025,
2044,
2048,
2706,
1997,
9205,
7465,
1999,
6233,
8401,
4633,
1010,
1996,
2446,
2390,
2471,
2584,
1996,
6058,
9435,
1997,
4924,
1010,
2073,
1996,
9069,
3629,
2020,
3140,
2000,
28324,
1996,
5805,
1012,
2312,
7894,
12154,
2020,
2081,
2011,
8123,
2749,
1010,
2021,
2037,
3049,
2018,
3478,
2000,
6162,
2049,
2364,
11100,
1024,
2048,
3145,
3655,
2815,
1999,
3354,
2398,
1010,
1996,
3354,
10673,
2000,
9507,
2001,
2025,
3714,
1010,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
6025,
1037,
6196,
2112,
1997,
2049,
2510,
4022,
1012,
1996,
22312,
21638,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"##ieg",
"phase",
"of",
"the",
"war",
"in",
"europe",
"had",
"ended",
".",
"by",
"early",
"december",
",",
"freshly",
"mob",
"##ilised",
"reserves",
"allowed",
"the",
"soviets",
"to",
"achieve",
"numerical",
"par",
"##ity",
"with",
"axis",
"troops",
".",
"this",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"intelligence",
"data",
"which",
"established",
"that",
"a",
"minimal",
"number",
"of",
"soviet",
"troops",
"in",
"the",
"east",
"would",
"be",
"sufficient",
"to",
"deter",
"any",
"attack",
"by",
"the",
"japanese",
"kwan",
"##tung",
"army",
",",
"allowed",
"the",
"soviets",
"to",
"begin",
"a",
"massive",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"that",
"started",
"on",
"5",
"december",
"all",
"along",
"the",
"front",
"and",
"pushed",
"german",
"troops",
"100",
"–",
"250",
"kilometres",
"(",
"62",
"–",
"155",
"mi",
")",
"west",
".",
"following",
"the",
"japanese",
"false",
"flag",
"mu",
"##k",
"##den",
"incident",
"in",
"1931",
",",
"the",
"japanese",
"shell",
"##ing",
"of",
"the",
"american",
"gun",
"##boat",
"<",
"i",
">",
"uss",
"pan",
"##ay",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
"in",
"1937",
",",
"and",
"the",
"1937",
"–",
"1938",
"nanjing",
"massacre",
",",
"japanese",
"-",
"american",
"relations",
"deteriorated",
".",
"in",
"1939",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"notified",
"japan",
"that",
"it",
"would",
"not",
"be",
"extending",
"its",
"trade",
"treaty",
"and",
"american",
"public",
"opinion",
"opposing",
"japanese",
"expansion",
"##ism",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"economic",
"sanctions",
"—",
"the",
"export",
"control",
"acts",
"—",
"which",
"banned",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"exports",
"of",
"chemicals",
",",
"minerals",
"and",
"military",
"parts",
"to",
"japan",
",",
"and",
"increased",
"economic",
"pressure",
"on",
"the",
"japanese",
"regime",
".",
"during",
"1939",
"japan",
"launched",
"its",
"first",
"attack",
"against",
"chang",
"##sha",
",",
"but",
"was",
"repulsed",
"by",
"late",
"september",
".",
"despite",
"several",
"offensive",
"##s",
"by",
"both",
"sides",
",",
"by",
"1940",
"the",
"war",
"between",
"china",
"and",
"japan",
"was",
"at",
"a",
"stale",
"##mate",
".",
"to",
"increase",
"pressure",
"on",
"china",
"by",
"blocking",
"supply",
"routes",
",",
"and",
"to",
"better",
"position",
"japanese",
"forces",
"in",
"the",
"event",
"of",
"a",
"war",
"with",
"the",
"western",
"powers",
",",
"japan",
"invaded",
"and",
"occupied",
"northern",
"indochina",
"in",
"september",
"1940",
".",
"chinese",
"nationalist",
"forces",
"launched",
"a",
"large",
"-",
"scale",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"in",
"early",
"1940",
".",
"in",
"august",
",",
"chinese",
"communists",
"launched",
"an",
"offensive",
"in",
"central",
"china",
";",
"in",
"retaliation",
",",
"japan",
"instituted",
"harsh",
"measures",
"in",
"occupied",
"areas",
"to",
"reduce",
"human",
"and",
"material",
"resources",
"for",
"the",
"communists",
".",
"continued",
"anti",
"##pathy",
"between",
"chinese",
"communist",
"and",
"nationalist",
"forces",
"culminated",
"in",
"armed",
"clashes",
"in",
"january",
"1941",
",",
"effectively",
"ending",
"their",
"co",
"-",
"operation",
".",
"in",
"march",
",",
"the",
"japanese",
"11th",
"army",
"attacked",
"the",
"headquarters",
"of",
"the",
"chinese",
"19th",
"army",
"but",
"was",
"repulsed",
"during",
"battle",
"of",
"shang",
"##ga",
"##o",
".",
"in",
"september",
",",
"japan",
"attempted",
"to",
"take",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"chang",
"##sha",
"again",
"and",
"clashed",
"with",
"chinese",
"nationalist",
"forces",
".",
"german",
"successes",
"in",
"europe",
"prompted",
"japan",
"to",
"increase",
"pressure",
"on",
"european",
"governments",
"in",
"southeast",
"asia",
".",
"the",
"dutch",
"government",
"agreed",
"to",
"provide",
"japan",
"with",
"oil",
"supplies",
"from",
"the",
"dutch",
"east",
"indies",
",",
"but",
"negotiations",
"for",
"additional",
"access",
"to",
"their",
"resources",
"ended",
"in",
"failure",
"in",
"june",
"1941",
".",
"in",
"july",
"1941",
"japan",
"sent",
"troops",
"to",
"southern",
"indochina",
",",
"thus",
"threatening",
"british",
"and",
"dutch",
"possessions",
"in",
"the",
"far",
"east",
".",
"the",
"united",
"states",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
",",
"and",
"other",
"western",
"governments",
"reacted",
"to",
"this",
"move",
"with",
"a",
"freeze",
"on",
"japanese",
"assets",
"and",
"a",
"total",
"oil",
"em",
"##bar",
"##go"
] | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 1,
"end_token_idx": 2,
"identifier": "/wiki/Phase_(combat)",
"tokens": [
"phase"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 17,
"end_token_idx": 18,
"identifier": "/wiki/Military_reserve_force",
"tokens": [
"reserves"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 35,
"end_token_idx": 37,
"identifier": "/wiki/Richard_Sorge#Wartime_intelligence",
"tokens": [
"intelligence",
"data"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 59,
"end_token_idx": 62,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kwantung_Army",
"tokens": [
"kwan",
"##tung",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 69,
"end_token_idx": 73,
"identifier": "/wiki/Winter_campaign_of_1941%E2%80%931942",
"tokens": [
"massive",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 101,
"end_token_idx": 103,
"identifier": "/wiki/False_flag",
"tokens": [
"false",
"flag"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 103,
"end_token_idx": 107,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mukden_incident",
"tokens": [
"mu",
"##k",
"##den",
"incident"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 117,
"end_token_idx": 129,
"identifier": "/wiki/USS_Panay_incident",
"tokens": [
"gun",
"##boat",
"<",
"i",
">",
"uss",
"pan",
"##ay",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 137,
"end_token_idx": 139,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre",
"tokens": [
"nanjing",
"massacre"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 140,
"end_token_idx": 145,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_relations#1937–1941",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"-",
"american",
"relations",
"deteriorated"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 183,
"identifier": "/wiki/Export_Control_Act",
"tokens": [
"export",
"control",
"acts"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 220,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)",
"tokens": [
"first",
"attack",
"against",
"chang",
"##sha"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 229,
"end_token_idx": 232,
"identifier": "/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive",
"tokens": [
"several",
"offensive",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 280,
"end_token_idx": 283,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina",
"tokens": [
"occupied",
"northern",
"indochina"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 295,
"end_token_idx": 298,
"identifier": "/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive",
"tokens": [
"counter",
"-",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 305,
"end_token_idx": 307,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party",
"tokens": [
"chinese",
"communists"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 309,
"end_token_idx": 313,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive",
"tokens": [
"offensive",
"in",
"central",
"china"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 319,
"end_token_idx": 321,
"identifier": "/wiki/Three_Alls_policy",
"tokens": [
"harsh",
"measures"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 343,
"end_token_idx": 350,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Fourth_Army_incident",
"tokens": [
"culminated",
"in",
"armed",
"clashes",
"in",
"january",
"1941"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 377,
"end_token_idx": 382,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"shang",
"##ga",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 389,
"end_token_idx": 395,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)",
"tokens": [
"take",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"chang",
"##sha"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 416,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/Southeast_Asia",
"tokens": [
"southeast",
"asia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 431,
"end_token_idx": 434,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies",
"tokens": [
"dutch",
"east",
"indies"
]
}
] | [
101,
28872,
4403,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1999,
2885,
2018,
3092,
1012,
2011,
2220,
2285,
1010,
20229,
11240,
21758,
8269,
3039,
1996,
15269,
2000,
6162,
15973,
11968,
3012,
2007,
8123,
3629,
1012,
2023,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
4454,
2951,
2029,
2511,
2008,
1037,
10124,
2193,
1997,
3354,
3629,
1999,
1996,
2264,
2052,
2022,
7182,
2000,
28283,
2151,
2886,
2011,
1996,
2887,
27741,
21847,
2390,
1010,
3039,
1996,
15269,
2000,
4088,
1037,
5294,
4675,
1011,
5805,
2008,
2318,
2006,
1019,
2285,
2035,
2247,
1996,
2392,
1998,
3724,
2446,
3629,
2531,
1516,
5539,
3717,
1006,
5786,
1516,
14168,
2771,
1007,
2225,
1012,
2206,
1996,
2887,
6270,
5210,
14163,
2243,
4181,
5043,
1999,
4739,
1010,
1996,
2887,
5806,
2075,
1997,
1996,
2137,
3282,
11975,
1026,
1045,
1028,
7234,
6090,
4710,
1026,
1013,
1045,
1028,
1999,
4347,
1010,
1998,
1996,
4347,
1516,
4260,
21455,
9288,
1010,
2887,
1011,
2137,
4262,
20111,
1012,
1999,
3912,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
19488,
2900,
2008,
2009,
2052,
2025,
2022,
8402,
2049,
3119,
5036,
1998,
2137,
2270,
5448,
10078,
2887,
4935,
2964,
2419,
2000,
1037,
2186,
1997,
3171,
17147,
1517,
1996,
9167,
2491,
4490,
1517,
2029,
7917,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
14338,
1997,
12141,
1010,
13246,
1998,
2510,
3033,
2000,
2900,
1010,
1998,
3445,
3171,
3778,
2006,
1996,
2887,
6939,
1012,
2076,
3912,
2900,
3390,
2049,
2034,
2886,
2114,
11132,
7377,
1010,
2021,
2001,
24571,
2011,
2397,
2244,
1012,
2750,
2195,
5805,
2015,
2011,
2119,
3903,
1010,
2011,
3878,
1996,
2162,
2090,
2859,
1998,
2900,
2001,
2012,
1037,
26729,
8585,
1012,
2000,
3623,
3778,
2006,
2859,
2011,
10851,
4425,
5847,
1010,
1998,
2000,
2488,
2597,
2887,
2749,
1999,
1996,
2724,
1997,
1037,
2162,
2007,
1996,
2530,
4204,
1010,
2900,
10836,
1998,
4548,
2642,
27053,
1999,
2244,
3878,
1012,
2822,
8986,
2749,
3390,
1037,
2312,
1011,
4094,
4675,
1011,
5805,
1999,
2220,
3878,
1012,
1999,
2257,
1010,
2822,
13009,
3390,
2019,
5805,
1999,
2430,
2859,
1025,
1999,
18695,
1010,
2900,
14948,
8401,
5761,
1999,
4548,
2752,
2000,
5547,
2529,
1998,
3430,
4219,
2005,
1996,
13009,
1012,
2506,
3424,
20166,
2090,
2822,
4750,
1998,
8986,
2749,
16943,
1999,
4273,
17783,
1999,
2254,
3874,
1010,
6464,
4566,
2037,
2522,
1011,
3169,
1012,
1999,
2233,
1010,
1996,
2887,
6252,
2390,
4457,
1996,
4075,
1997,
1996,
2822,
3708,
2390,
2021,
2001,
24571,
2076,
2645,
1997,
29382,
3654,
2080,
1012,
1999,
2244,
1010,
2900,
4692,
2000,
2202,
1996,
2103,
1997,
11132,
7377,
2153,
1998,
22600,
2007,
2822,
8986,
2749,
1012,
2446,
14152,
1999,
2885,
9469,
2900,
2000,
3623,
3778,
2006,
2647,
6867,
1999,
4643,
4021,
1012,
1996,
3803,
2231,
3530,
2000,
3073,
2900,
2007,
3514,
6067,
2013,
1996,
3803,
2264,
9429,
1010,
2021,
7776,
2005,
3176,
3229,
2000,
2037,
4219,
3092,
1999,
4945,
1999,
2238,
3874,
1012,
1999,
2251,
3874,
2900,
2741,
3629,
2000,
2670,
27053,
1010,
2947,
8701,
2329,
1998,
3803,
13689,
1999,
1996,
2521,
2264,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1010,
1998,
2060,
2530,
6867,
14831,
2000,
2023,
2693,
2007,
1037,
13184,
2006,
2887,
7045,
1998,
1037,
2561,
3514,
7861,
8237,
3995,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
".",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
",",
"japan",
"was",
"planning",
"an",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"soviet",
"far",
"east",
",",
"intending",
"to",
"take",
"advantage",
"of",
"the",
"german",
"invasion",
"in",
"the",
"west",
",",
"but",
"abandoned",
"the",
"operation",
"after",
"the",
"sanctions",
".",
"since",
"early",
"1941",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"and",
"japan",
"had",
"been",
"engaged",
"in",
"negotiations",
"in",
"an",
"attempt",
"to",
"improve",
"their",
"strained",
"relations",
"and",
"end",
"the",
"war",
"in",
"china",
".",
"during",
"these",
"negotiations",
",",
"japan",
"advanced",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"proposals",
"which",
"were",
"dismissed",
"by",
"the",
"americans",
"as",
"inadequate",
".",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
"the",
"united",
"states",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
",",
"and",
"the",
"netherlands",
"engaged",
"in",
"secret",
"discussions",
"for",
"the",
"joint",
"defence",
"of",
"their",
"territories",
",",
"in",
"the",
"event",
"of",
"a",
"japanese",
"attack",
"against",
"any",
"of",
"them",
".",
"roosevelt",
"reinforced",
"the",
"philippines",
"(",
"an",
"american",
"protectorate",
"scheduled",
"for",
"independence",
"in",
"1946",
")",
"and",
"warned",
"japan",
"that",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"would",
"react",
"to",
"japanese",
"attacks",
"against",
"any",
"\"",
"neighboring",
"countries",
"\"",
".",
"frustrated",
"at",
"the",
"lack",
"of",
"progress",
"and",
"feeling",
"the",
"pinch",
"of",
"the",
"american",
"–",
"british",
"–",
"dutch",
"sanctions",
",",
"japan",
"prepared",
"for",
"war",
".",
"emperor",
"hi",
"##ro",
"##hit",
"##o",
",",
"after",
"initial",
"hesitation",
"about",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"chances",
"of",
"victory",
",",
"began",
"to",
"favour",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"entry",
"into",
"the",
"war",
".",
"as",
"a",
"result",
",",
"prime",
"minister",
"fu",
"##mi",
"##mar",
"##o",
"ko",
"##no",
"##e",
"resigned",
".",
"hi",
"##ro",
"##hit",
"##o",
"refused",
"the",
"recommendation",
"to",
"appoint",
"prince",
"na",
"##ru",
"##hiko",
"hi",
"##gas",
"##hi",
"##ku",
"##ni",
"in",
"his",
"place",
",",
"choosing",
"war",
"minister",
"hide",
"##ki",
"to",
"##jo",
"instead",
".",
"on",
"3",
"november",
",",
"naga",
"##no",
"explained",
"in",
"detail",
"the",
"plan",
"of",
"the",
"attack",
"on",
"pearl",
"harbor",
"to",
"the",
"emperor",
".",
"on",
"5",
"november",
",",
"hi",
"##ro",
"##hit",
"##o",
"approved",
"in",
"imperial",
"conference",
"the",
"operations",
"plan",
"for",
"the",
"war",
".",
"on",
"20",
"november",
",",
"the",
"new",
"government",
"presented",
"an",
"interim",
"proposal",
"as",
"its",
"final",
"offer",
".",
"it",
"called",
"for",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"american",
"aid",
"to",
"china",
"and",
"for",
"lifting",
"the",
"em",
"##bar",
"##go",
"on",
"the",
"supply",
"of",
"oil",
"and",
"other",
"resources",
"to",
"japan",
".",
"in",
"exchange",
",",
"japan",
"promised",
"not",
"to",
"launch",
"any",
"attacks",
"in",
"southeast",
"asia",
"and",
"to",
"withdraw",
"its",
"forces",
"from",
"southern",
"indochina",
".",
"the",
"american",
"counter",
"-",
"proposal",
"of",
"26",
"november",
"required",
"that",
"japan",
"evacuate",
"all",
"of",
"china",
"without",
"conditions",
"and",
"conclude",
"non",
"-",
"aggression",
"pact",
"##s",
"with",
"all",
"pacific",
"powers",
".",
"that",
"meant",
"japan",
"was",
"essentially",
"forced",
"to",
"choose",
"between",
"abandoning",
"its",
"ambitions",
"in",
"china",
",",
"or",
"seizing",
"the",
"natural",
"resources",
"it",
"needed",
"in",
"the",
"dutch",
"east",
"indies",
"by",
"force",
";",
"the",
"japanese",
"military",
"did",
"not",
"consider",
"the",
"former",
"an",
"option",
",",
"and",
"many",
"officers",
"considered",
"the",
"oil",
"em",
"##bar",
"##go",
"an",
"unspoken",
"declaration",
"of",
"war",
".",
"japan",
"planned",
"to",
"seize",
"european",
"colonies",
"in",
"asia",
"to",
"create",
"a",
"large",
"defensive",
"perimeter",
"stretching",
"into",
"the",
"central",
"pacific",
".",
"the",
"japanese",
"would",
"then",
"be",
"free",
"to",
"exploit",
"the",
"resources",
"of",
"southeast",
"asia",
"while",
"exhaust",
"##ing",
"the",
"over",
"-",
"stretched",
"allies",
"by",
"fighting",
"a",
"defensive",
"war",
".",
"to",
"prevent",
"american",
"intervention",
"while",
"securing",
"the"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 8,
"end_token_idx": 16,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kantokuen",
"tokens": [
"planning",
"an",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"soviet",
"far",
"east"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 126,
"end_token_idx": 138,
"identifier": "/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines",
"tokens": [
"the",
"philippines",
"(",
"an",
"american",
"protectorate",
"scheduled",
"for",
"independence",
"in",
"1946",
")"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 182,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hirohito",
"tokens": [
"hi",
"##ro",
"##hit",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 215,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe",
"tokens": [
"fu",
"##mi",
"##mar",
"##o",
"ko",
"##no",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 233,
"end_token_idx": 242,
"identifier": "/wiki/Prince_Naruhiko_Higashikuni",
"tokens": [
"prince",
"na",
"##ru",
"##hiko",
"hi",
"##gas",
"##hi",
"##ku",
"##ni"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 249,
"end_token_idx": 253,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hideki_Tojo",
"tokens": [
"hide",
"##ki",
"to",
"##jo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 268,
"end_token_idx": 272,
"identifier": "/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor",
"tokens": [
"attack",
"on",
"pearl",
"harbor"
]
}
] | [
101,
1012,
2012,
1996,
2168,
2051,
1010,
2900,
2001,
4041,
2019,
5274,
1997,
1996,
3354,
2521,
2264,
1010,
16533,
2000,
2202,
5056,
1997,
1996,
2446,
5274,
1999,
1996,
2225,
1010,
2021,
4704,
1996,
3169,
2044,
1996,
17147,
1012,
2144,
2220,
3874,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1998,
2900,
2018,
2042,
5117,
1999,
7776,
1999,
2019,
3535,
2000,
5335,
2037,
12250,
4262,
1998,
2203,
1996,
2162,
1999,
2859,
1012,
2076,
2122,
7776,
1010,
2900,
3935,
1037,
2193,
1997,
10340,
2029,
2020,
7219,
2011,
1996,
4841,
2004,
14710,
1012,
2012,
1996,
2168,
2051,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1010,
1998,
1996,
4549,
5117,
1999,
3595,
10287,
2005,
1996,
4101,
4721,
1997,
2037,
6500,
1010,
1999,
1996,
2724,
1997,
1037,
2887,
2886,
2114,
2151,
1997,
2068,
1012,
8573,
11013,
1996,
5137,
1006,
2019,
2137,
20394,
5115,
2005,
4336,
1999,
3918,
1007,
1998,
7420,
2900,
2008,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2052,
10509,
2000,
2887,
4491,
2114,
2151,
1000,
8581,
3032,
1000,
1012,
10206,
2012,
1996,
3768,
1997,
5082,
1998,
3110,
1996,
18392,
1997,
1996,
2137,
1516,
2329,
1516,
3803,
17147,
1010,
2900,
4810,
2005,
2162,
1012,
3750,
7632,
3217,
16584,
2080,
1010,
2044,
3988,
13431,
2055,
2900,
1005,
1055,
9592,
1997,
3377,
1010,
2211,
2000,
7927,
2900,
1005,
1055,
4443,
2046,
1996,
2162,
1012,
2004,
1037,
2765,
1010,
3539,
2704,
11865,
4328,
7849,
2080,
12849,
3630,
2063,
5295,
1012,
7632,
3217,
16584,
2080,
4188,
1996,
12832,
2000,
16823,
3159,
6583,
6820,
22204,
7632,
12617,
4048,
5283,
3490,
1999,
2010,
2173,
1010,
10549,
2162,
2704,
5342,
3211,
2000,
5558,
2612,
1012,
2006,
1017,
2281,
1010,
26539,
3630,
4541,
1999,
6987,
1996,
2933,
1997,
1996,
2886,
2006,
7247,
6496,
2000,
1996,
3750,
1012,
2006,
1019,
2281,
1010,
7632,
3217,
16584,
2080,
4844,
1999,
4461,
3034,
1996,
3136,
2933,
2005,
1996,
2162,
1012,
2006,
2322,
2281,
1010,
1996,
2047,
2231,
3591,
2019,
9455,
6378,
2004,
2049,
2345,
3749,
1012,
2009,
2170,
2005,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2137,
4681,
2000,
2859,
1998,
2005,
8783,
1996,
7861,
8237,
3995,
2006,
1996,
4425,
1997,
3514,
1998,
2060,
4219,
2000,
2900,
1012,
1999,
3863,
1010,
2900,
5763,
2025,
2000,
4888,
2151,
4491,
1999,
4643,
4021,
1998,
2000,
10632,
2049,
2749,
2013,
2670,
27053,
1012,
1996,
2137,
4675,
1011,
6378,
1997,
2656,
2281,
3223,
2008,
2900,
22811,
2035,
1997,
2859,
2302,
3785,
1998,
16519,
2512,
1011,
14974,
14790,
2015,
2007,
2035,
3534,
4204,
1012,
2008,
3214,
2900,
2001,
7687,
3140,
2000,
5454,
2090,
19816,
2049,
19509,
1999,
2859,
1010,
2030,
24681,
1996,
3019,
4219,
2009,
2734,
1999,
1996,
3803,
2264,
9429,
2011,
2486,
1025,
1996,
2887,
2510,
2106,
2025,
5136,
1996,
2280,
2019,
5724,
1010,
1998,
2116,
3738,
2641,
1996,
3514,
7861,
8237,
3995,
2019,
25982,
8170,
1997,
2162,
1012,
2900,
3740,
2000,
15126,
2647,
8355,
1999,
4021,
2000,
3443,
1037,
2312,
5600,
13443,
10917,
2046,
1996,
2430,
3534,
1012,
1996,
2887,
2052,
2059,
2022,
2489,
2000,
18077,
1996,
4219,
1997,
4643,
4021,
2096,
15095,
2075,
1996,
2058,
1011,
7121,
6956,
2011,
3554,
1037,
5600,
2162,
1012,
2000,
4652,
2137,
8830,
2096,
12329,
1996,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"perimeter",
",",
"it",
"was",
"further",
"planned",
"to",
"neutral",
"##ise",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"pacific",
"fleet",
"and",
"the",
"american",
"military",
"presence",
"in",
"the",
"philippines",
"from",
"the",
"outset",
".",
"on",
"7",
"december",
"1941",
"(",
"8",
"december",
"in",
"asian",
"time",
"zones",
")",
",",
"japan",
"attacked",
"british",
"and",
"american",
"holdings",
"with",
"near",
"-",
"simultaneous",
"offensive",
"##s",
"against",
"southeast",
"asia",
"and",
"the",
"central",
"pacific",
".",
"these",
"included",
"an",
"attack",
"on",
"the",
"american",
"fleets",
"at",
"pearl",
"harbor",
"and",
"the",
"philippines",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"invasions",
"of",
"guam",
",",
"wake",
"island",
",",
"malaya",
",",
"thailand",
",",
"and",
"hong",
"kong",
".",
"these",
"attacks",
"led",
"the",
"united",
"states",
",",
"united",
"kingdom",
",",
"china",
",",
"australia",
",",
"and",
"several",
"other",
"states",
"to",
"formally",
"declare",
"war",
"on",
"japan",
",",
"whereas",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"being",
"heavily",
"involved",
"in",
"large",
"-",
"scale",
"hostilities",
"with",
"european",
"axis",
"countries",
",",
"maintained",
"its",
"neutrality",
"agreement",
"with",
"japan",
".",
"germany",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"the",
"other",
"axis",
"states",
",",
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"in",
"solidarity",
"with",
"japan",
",",
"citing",
"as",
"justification",
"the",
"american",
"attacks",
"on",
"german",
"war",
"vessels",
"that",
"had",
"been",
"ordered",
"by",
"roosevelt",
".",
"on",
"1",
"january",
"1942",
",",
"the",
"allied",
"big",
"four",
"—",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"china",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
",",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"—",
"and",
"22",
"smaller",
"or",
"exiled",
"governments",
"issued",
"the",
"declaration",
"by",
"united",
"nations",
",",
"thereby",
"af",
"##firm",
"##ing",
"the",
"atlantic",
"charter",
"and",
"agreeing",
"not",
"to",
"sign",
"a",
"separate",
"peace",
"with",
"the",
"axis",
"powers",
".",
"during",
"1942",
",",
"allied",
"officials",
"debated",
"on",
"the",
"appropriate",
"grand",
"strategy",
"to",
"pursue",
".",
"all",
"agreed",
"that",
"defeating",
"germany",
"was",
"the",
"primary",
"objective",
".",
"the",
"americans",
"favoured",
"a",
"straightforward",
",",
"large",
"-",
"scale",
"attack",
"on",
"germany",
"through",
"france",
".",
"the",
"soviets",
"demanded",
"a",
"second",
"front",
".",
"the",
"british",
"argued",
"that",
"military",
"operations",
"should",
"target",
"peripheral",
"areas",
"to",
"wear",
"out",
"german",
"strength",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"increasing",
"demo",
"##ral",
"##isation",
",",
"and",
"bo",
"##lster",
"##ing",
"resistance",
"forces",
";",
"germany",
"itself",
"would",
"be",
"subject",
"to",
"a",
"heavy",
"bombing",
"campaign",
".",
"an",
"offensive",
"against",
"germany",
"would",
"then",
"be",
"launched",
"primarily",
"by",
"allied",
"armour",
",",
"without",
"using",
"large",
"-",
"scale",
"armies",
".",
"eventually",
",",
"the",
"british",
"persuaded",
"the",
"americans",
"that",
"a",
"landing",
"in",
"france",
"was",
"in",
"##fe",
"##asi",
"##ble",
"in",
"1942",
"and",
"they",
"should",
"instead",
"focus",
"on",
"driving",
"the",
"axis",
"out",
"of",
"north",
"africa",
".",
"at",
"the",
"casablanca",
"conference",
"in",
"early",
"1943",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"reiterated",
"the",
"statements",
"issued",
"in",
"the",
"1942",
"declaration",
"and",
"demanded",
"the",
"un",
"##con",
"##ditional",
"surrender",
"of",
"their",
"enemies",
".",
"the",
"british",
"and",
"americans",
"agreed",
"to",
"continue",
"to",
"press",
"the",
"initiative",
"in",
"the",
"mediterranean",
"by",
"invading",
"sicily",
"to",
"fully",
"secure",
"the",
"mediterranean",
"supply",
"routes",
".",
"although",
"the",
"british",
"argued",
"for",
"further",
"operations",
"in",
"the",
"balkans",
"to",
"bring",
"turkey",
"into",
"the",
"war",
",",
"in",
"may",
"1943",
",",
"the",
"americans",
"extracted",
"a",
"british",
"commitment",
"to",
"limit",
"allied",
"operations",
"in",
"the",
"mediterranean",
"to",
"an",
"invasion",
"of",
"the",
"italian",
"mainland",
",",
"and",
"to",
"invade",
"france",
"in",
"1944",
".",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"april",
"1942",
",",
"japan",
"and",
"its",
"ally",
"thailand",
"had",
"almost",
"conquered",
"burma",
",",
"malaya",
",",
"the"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 10,
"end_token_idx": 14,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Fleet",
"tokens": [
"united",
"states",
"pacific",
"fleet"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 49,
"end_token_idx": 58,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_expansion_(1941%E2%80%9342)",
"tokens": [
"offensive",
"##s",
"against",
"southeast",
"asia",
"and",
"the",
"central",
"pacific"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 62,
"end_token_idx": 70,
"identifier": "/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor",
"tokens": [
"attack",
"on",
"the",
"american",
"fleets",
"at",
"pearl",
"harbor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 71,
"end_token_idx": 73,
"identifier": "/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)",
"tokens": [
"the",
"philippines"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 79,
"end_token_idx": 80,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)",
"tokens": [
"guam"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 81,
"end_token_idx": 83,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island",
"tokens": [
"wake",
"island"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 84,
"end_token_idx": 85,
"identifier": "/wiki/Malayan_campaign",
"tokens": [
"malaya"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 86,
"end_token_idx": 87,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand",
"tokens": [
"thailand"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 89,
"end_token_idx": 91,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong",
"tokens": [
"hong",
"kong"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 96,
"end_token_idx": 98,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Japan",
"tokens": [
"united",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 99,
"end_token_idx": 101,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_on_Japan",
"tokens": [
"united",
"kingdom"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 185,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Four_Policemen",
"tokens": [
"allied",
"big",
"four"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 212,
"end_token_idx": 216,
"identifier": "/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations",
"tokens": [
"declaration",
"by",
"united",
"nations"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 222,
"end_token_idx": 224,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atlantic_Charter",
"tokens": [
"atlantic",
"charter"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 230,
"end_token_idx": 232,
"identifier": "/wiki/Separate_peace",
"tokens": [
"separate",
"peace"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 246,
"end_token_idx": 248,
"identifier": "/wiki/Grand_strategy",
"tokens": [
"grand",
"strategy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 254,
"end_token_idx": 256,
"identifier": "/wiki/Europe_first",
"tokens": [
"defeating",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 267,
"end_token_idx": 271,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Sledgehammer",
"tokens": [
"large",
"-",
"scale",
"attack"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 379,
"end_token_idx": 381,
"identifier": "/wiki/Casablanca_Conference",
"tokens": [
"casablanca",
"conference"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 398,
"end_token_idx": 402,
"identifier": "/wiki/Unconditional_surrender",
"tokens": [
"un",
"##con",
"##ditional",
"surrender"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 491,
"end_token_idx": 492,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"thailand"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 495,
"end_token_idx": 496,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma",
"tokens": [
"burma"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 497,
"end_token_idx": 498,
"identifier": "/wiki/Malayan_campaign",
"tokens": [
"malaya"
]
}
] | [
101,
13443,
1010,
2009,
2001,
2582,
3740,
2000,
8699,
5562,
1996,
2142,
2163,
3534,
4170,
1998,
1996,
2137,
2510,
3739,
1999,
1996,
5137,
2013,
1996,
26674,
1012,
2006,
1021,
2285,
3874,
1006,
1022,
2285,
1999,
4004,
2051,
10019,
1007,
1010,
2900,
4457,
2329,
1998,
2137,
9583,
2007,
2379,
1011,
17424,
5805,
2015,
2114,
4643,
4021,
1998,
1996,
2430,
3534,
1012,
2122,
2443,
2019,
2886,
2006,
1996,
2137,
25515,
2012,
7247,
6496,
1998,
1996,
5137,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
23536,
1997,
16162,
1010,
5256,
2479,
1010,
19979,
1010,
6504,
1010,
1998,
4291,
4290,
1012,
2122,
4491,
2419,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1010,
2142,
2983,
1010,
2859,
1010,
2660,
1010,
1998,
2195,
2060,
2163,
2000,
6246,
13520,
2162,
2006,
2900,
1010,
6168,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
2108,
4600,
2920,
1999,
2312,
1011,
4094,
17601,
2007,
2647,
8123,
3032,
1010,
5224,
2049,
21083,
3820,
2007,
2900,
1012,
2762,
1010,
2628,
2011,
1996,
2060,
8123,
2163,
1010,
4161,
2162,
2006,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1999,
14657,
2007,
2900,
1010,
8951,
2004,
19777,
1996,
2137,
4491,
2006,
2446,
2162,
6470,
2008,
2018,
2042,
3641,
2011,
8573,
1012,
2006,
1015,
2254,
3758,
1010,
1996,
6035,
2502,
2176,
1517,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
2859,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1517,
1998,
2570,
3760,
2030,
14146,
6867,
3843,
1996,
8170,
2011,
2142,
3741,
1010,
8558,
21358,
27972,
2075,
1996,
4448,
6111,
1998,
16191,
2025,
2000,
3696,
1037,
3584,
3521,
2007,
1996,
8123,
4204,
1012,
2076,
3758,
1010,
6035,
4584,
15268,
2006,
1996,
6413,
2882,
5656,
2000,
7323,
1012,
2035,
3530,
2008,
6324,
2762,
2001,
1996,
3078,
7863,
1012,
1996,
4841,
16822,
1037,
19647,
1010,
2312,
1011,
4094,
2886,
2006,
2762,
2083,
2605,
1012,
1996,
15269,
6303,
1037,
2117,
2392,
1012,
1996,
2329,
5275,
2008,
2510,
3136,
2323,
4539,
15965,
2752,
2000,
4929,
2041,
2446,
3997,
1010,
2877,
2000,
4852,
9703,
7941,
6648,
1010,
1998,
8945,
29576,
2075,
5012,
2749,
1025,
2762,
2993,
2052,
2022,
3395,
2000,
1037,
3082,
8647,
3049,
1012,
2019,
5805,
2114,
2762,
2052,
2059,
2022,
3390,
3952,
2011,
6035,
12371,
1010,
2302,
2478,
2312,
1011,
4094,
8749,
1012,
2776,
1010,
1996,
2329,
11766,
1996,
4841,
2008,
1037,
4899,
1999,
2605,
2001,
1999,
7959,
21369,
3468,
1999,
3758,
1998,
2027,
2323,
2612,
3579,
2006,
4439,
1996,
8123,
2041,
1997,
2167,
3088,
1012,
2012,
1996,
24592,
3034,
1999,
2220,
3826,
1010,
1996,
6956,
28960,
1996,
8635,
3843,
1999,
1996,
3758,
8170,
1998,
6303,
1996,
4895,
8663,
27064,
7806,
1997,
2037,
6716,
1012,
1996,
2329,
1998,
4841,
3530,
2000,
3613,
2000,
2811,
1996,
6349,
1999,
1996,
7095,
2011,
17657,
12071,
2000,
3929,
5851,
1996,
7095,
4425,
5847,
1012,
2348,
1996,
2329,
5275,
2005,
2582,
3136,
1999,
1996,
19733,
2000,
3288,
4977,
2046,
1996,
2162,
1010,
1999,
2089,
3826,
1010,
1996,
4841,
15901,
1037,
2329,
8426,
2000,
5787,
6035,
3136,
1999,
1996,
7095,
2000,
2019,
5274,
1997,
1996,
3059,
8240,
1010,
1998,
2000,
18445,
2605,
1999,
3646,
1012,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2258,
3758,
1010,
2900,
1998,
2049,
9698,
6504,
2018,
2471,
11438,
11050,
1010,
19979,
1010,
1996,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"dutch",
"east",
"indies",
",",
"singapore",
",",
"and",
"ra",
"##bau",
"##l",
",",
"in",
"##flict",
"##ing",
"severe",
"losses",
"on",
"allied",
"troops",
"and",
"taking",
"a",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"prisoners",
".",
"despite",
"stubborn",
"resistance",
"by",
"filipino",
"and",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"forces",
",",
"the",
"philippine",
"commonwealth",
"was",
"eventually",
"captured",
"in",
"may",
"1942",
",",
"forcing",
"its",
"government",
"into",
"exile",
".",
"on",
"16",
"april",
",",
"in",
"burma",
",",
"7",
",",
"000",
"british",
"soldiers",
"were",
"encircled",
"by",
"the",
"japanese",
"33rd",
"division",
"during",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"yen",
"##ang",
"##ya",
"##ung",
"and",
"rescued",
"by",
"the",
"chinese",
"38th",
"division",
".",
"japanese",
"forces",
"also",
"achieved",
"naval",
"victories",
"in",
"the",
"south",
"china",
"sea",
",",
"java",
"sea",
",",
"and",
"indian",
"ocean",
",",
"and",
"bombed",
"the",
"allied",
"naval",
"base",
"at",
"darwin",
",",
"australia",
".",
"in",
"january",
"1942",
",",
"the",
"only",
"allied",
"success",
"against",
"japan",
"was",
"a",
"chinese",
"victory",
"at",
"chang",
"##sha",
".",
"these",
"easy",
"victories",
"over",
"the",
"un",
"##pre",
"##par",
"##ed",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"and",
"european",
"opponents",
"left",
"japan",
"over",
"##con",
"##fide",
"##nt",
",",
"and",
"over",
"##ex",
"##ten",
"##ded",
".",
"in",
"early",
"may",
"1942",
",",
"japan",
"initiated",
"operations",
"to",
"capture",
"port",
"more",
"##sby",
"by",
"amphibious",
"assault",
"and",
"thus",
"se",
"##ver",
"communications",
"and",
"supply",
"lines",
"between",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"and",
"australia",
".",
"the",
"planned",
"invasion",
"was",
"thwarted",
"when",
"an",
"allied",
"task",
"force",
",",
"centred",
"on",
"two",
"american",
"fleet",
"carriers",
",",
"fought",
"japanese",
"naval",
"forces",
"to",
"a",
"draw",
"in",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"the",
"coral",
"sea",
".",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"next",
"plan",
",",
"motivated",
"by",
"the",
"earlier",
"doo",
"##lit",
"##tle",
"raid",
",",
"was",
"to",
"seize",
"midway",
"atoll",
"and",
"lure",
"american",
"carriers",
"into",
"battle",
"to",
"be",
"eliminated",
";",
"as",
"a",
"diversion",
",",
"japan",
"would",
"also",
"send",
"forces",
"to",
"occupy",
"the",
"ale",
"##uti",
"##an",
"islands",
"in",
"alaska",
".",
"in",
"mid",
"-",
"may",
",",
"japan",
"started",
"the",
"zhejiang",
"-",
"jiang",
"##xi",
"campaign",
"in",
"china",
",",
"with",
"the",
"goal",
"of",
"in",
"##flict",
"##ing",
"retribution",
"on",
"the",
"chinese",
"who",
"aided",
"the",
"surviving",
"american",
"airmen",
"in",
"the",
"doo",
"##lit",
"##tle",
"raid",
"by",
"destroying",
"chinese",
"air",
"bases",
"and",
"fighting",
"against",
"the",
"chinese",
"23rd",
"and",
"32nd",
"army",
"groups",
".",
"in",
"early",
"june",
",",
"japan",
"put",
"its",
"operations",
"into",
"action",
",",
"but",
"the",
"americans",
"had",
"broken",
"japanese",
"naval",
"codes",
"in",
"late",
"may",
"and",
"were",
"fully",
"aware",
"of",
"the",
"plans",
"and",
"order",
"of",
"battle",
",",
"and",
"used",
"this",
"knowledge",
"to",
"achieve",
"a",
"decisive",
"victory",
"at",
"midway",
"over",
"the",
"imperial",
"japanese",
"navy",
".",
"with",
"its",
"capacity",
"for",
"aggressive",
"action",
"greatly",
"diminished",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"midway",
"battle",
",",
"japan",
"attempted",
"to",
"capture",
"port",
"more",
"##sby",
"by",
"an",
"overland",
"campaign",
"in",
"the",
"territory",
"of",
"papua",
".",
"the",
"americans",
"planned",
"a",
"counterattack",
"against",
"japanese",
"positions",
"in",
"the",
"southern",
"solomon",
"islands",
",",
"primarily",
"gu",
"##ada",
"##lc",
"##anal",
",",
"as",
"a",
"first",
"step",
"towards",
"capturing",
"ra",
"##bau",
"##l",
",",
"the",
"main",
"japanese",
"base",
"in",
"southeast",
"asia",
".",
"both",
"plans",
"started",
"in",
"july",
",",
"but",
"by",
"mid",
"-",
"september",
",",
"the",
"battle",
"for",
"gu",
"##ada",
"##lc",
"##anal",
"took",
"priority",
"for",
"the",
"japanese",
",",
"and",
"troops",
"in",
"new",
"guinea",
"were",
"ordered",
"to",
"withdraw",
"from",
"the",
"port",
"more",
"##sby",
"area",
"to",
"the",
"northern"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 4,
"end_token_idx": 5,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore",
"tokens": [
"singapore"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 7,
"end_token_idx": 10,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)",
"tokens": [
"ra",
"##bau",
"##l"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 29,
"end_token_idx": 38,
"identifier": "/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)",
"tokens": [
"resistance",
"by",
"filipino",
"and",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"forces"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 40,
"end_token_idx": 42,
"identifier": "/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines",
"tokens": [
"philippine",
"commonwealth"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 76,
"end_token_idx": 82,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Yenangyaung",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"yen",
"##ang",
"##ya",
"##ung"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 98,
"end_token_idx": 101,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sinking_of_Prince_of_Wales_and_Repulse",
"tokens": [
"south",
"china",
"sea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 102,
"end_token_idx": 104,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea",
"tokens": [
"java",
"sea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 106,
"end_token_idx": 108,
"identifier": "/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid",
"tokens": [
"indian",
"ocean"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 110,
"end_token_idx": 115,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bombing_of_Darwin",
"tokens": [
"bombed",
"the",
"allied",
"naval",
"base"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 116,
"end_token_idx": 117,
"identifier": "/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory",
"tokens": [
"darwin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 133,
"end_token_idx": 137,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)",
"tokens": [
"victory",
"at",
"chang",
"##sha"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 176,
"end_token_idx": 180,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Mo",
"tokens": [
"capture",
"port",
"more",
"##sby"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 181,
"end_token_idx": 183,
"identifier": "/wiki/Amphibious_warfare",
"tokens": [
"amphibious",
"assault"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 225,
"end_token_idx": 230,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"the",
"coral",
"sea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 245,
"identifier": "/wiki/Doolittle_Raid",
"tokens": [
"doo",
"##lit",
"##tle",
"raid"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 249,
"end_token_idx": 251,
"identifier": "/wiki/Midway_Atoll",
"tokens": [
"midway",
"atoll"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 271,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign",
"tokens": [
"occupy",
"the",
"ale",
"##uti",
"##an",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 288,
"end_token_idx": 293,
"identifier": "/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign",
"tokens": [
"zhejiang",
"-",
"jiang",
"##xi",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 351,
"end_token_idx": 354,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_naval_codes",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"naval",
"codes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 377,
"end_token_idx": 380,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Midway",
"tokens": [
"victory",
"at",
"midway"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 382,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy",
"tokens": [
"imperial",
"japanese",
"navy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 406,
"end_token_idx": 409,
"identifier": "/wiki/Port_Moresby",
"tokens": [
"port",
"more",
"##sby"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign",
"tokens": [
"overland",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 415,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/Territory_of_Papua",
"tokens": [
"territory",
"of",
"papua"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 430,
"end_token_idx": 432,
"identifier": "/wiki/Solomon_Islands",
"tokens": [
"solomon",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 434,
"end_token_idx": 438,
"identifier": "/wiki/Guadalcanal",
"tokens": [
"gu",
"##ada",
"##lc",
"##anal"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 445,
"end_token_idx": 448,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rabaul",
"tokens": [
"ra",
"##bau",
"##l"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 469,
"end_token_idx": 476,
"identifier": "/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign",
"tokens": [
"the",
"battle",
"for",
"gu",
"##ada",
"##lc",
"##anal"
]
}
] | [
101,
3803,
2264,
9429,
1010,
5264,
1010,
1998,
10958,
27773,
2140,
1010,
1999,
29301,
2075,
5729,
6409,
2006,
6035,
3629,
1998,
2635,
1037,
2312,
2193,
1997,
5895,
1012,
2750,
14205,
5012,
2011,
10275,
1998,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
2749,
1010,
1996,
7802,
5663,
2001,
2776,
4110,
1999,
2089,
3758,
1010,
6932,
2049,
2231,
2046,
8340,
1012,
2006,
2385,
2258,
1010,
1999,
11050,
1010,
1021,
1010,
2199,
2329,
3548,
2020,
25759,
2011,
1996,
2887,
20883,
2407,
2076,
1996,
2645,
1997,
18371,
5654,
3148,
5575,
1998,
10148,
2011,
1996,
2822,
22051,
2407,
1012,
2887,
2749,
2036,
4719,
3987,
9248,
1999,
1996,
2148,
2859,
2712,
1010,
9262,
2712,
1010,
1998,
2796,
4153,
1010,
1998,
18897,
1996,
6035,
3987,
2918,
2012,
11534,
1010,
2660,
1012,
1999,
2254,
3758,
1010,
1996,
2069,
6035,
3112,
2114,
2900,
2001,
1037,
2822,
3377,
2012,
11132,
7377,
1012,
2122,
3733,
9248,
2058,
1996,
4895,
28139,
19362,
2098,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
1998,
2647,
7892,
2187,
2900,
2058,
8663,
20740,
3372,
1010,
1998,
2058,
10288,
6528,
5732,
1012,
1999,
2220,
2089,
3758,
1010,
2900,
7531,
3136,
2000,
5425,
3417,
2062,
14478,
2011,
16182,
6101,
1998,
2947,
7367,
6299,
4806,
1998,
4425,
3210,
2090,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1998,
2660,
1012,
1996,
3740,
5274,
2001,
28409,
2043,
2019,
6035,
4708,
2486,
1010,
16441,
2006,
2048,
2137,
4170,
11363,
1010,
4061,
2887,
3987,
2749,
2000,
1037,
4009,
1999,
1996,
2645,
1997,
1996,
11034,
2712,
1012,
2900,
1005,
1055,
2279,
2933,
1010,
12774,
2011,
1996,
3041,
20160,
15909,
9286,
8118,
1010,
2001,
2000,
15126,
12213,
22292,
1998,
17256,
2137,
11363,
2046,
2645,
2000,
2022,
5892,
1025,
2004,
1037,
20150,
1010,
2900,
2052,
2036,
4604,
2749,
2000,
11494,
1996,
15669,
21823,
2319,
3470,
1999,
7397,
1012,
1999,
3054,
1011,
2089,
1010,
2900,
2318,
1996,
26805,
1011,
20613,
9048,
3049,
1999,
2859,
1010,
2007,
1996,
3125,
1997,
1999,
29301,
2075,
25928,
2006,
1996,
2822,
2040,
11553,
1996,
6405,
2137,
29437,
1999,
1996,
20160,
15909,
9286,
8118,
2011,
9846,
2822,
2250,
7888,
1998,
3554,
2114,
1996,
2822,
13928,
1998,
20628,
2390,
2967,
1012,
1999,
2220,
2238,
1010,
2900,
2404,
2049,
3136,
2046,
2895,
1010,
2021,
1996,
4841,
2018,
3714,
2887,
3987,
9537,
1999,
2397,
2089,
1998,
2020,
3929,
5204,
1997,
1996,
3488,
1998,
2344,
1997,
2645,
1010,
1998,
2109,
2023,
3716,
2000,
6162,
1037,
13079,
3377,
2012,
12213,
2058,
1996,
4461,
2887,
3212,
1012,
2007,
2049,
3977,
2005,
9376,
2895,
6551,
15911,
2004,
1037,
2765,
1997,
1996,
12213,
2645,
1010,
2900,
4692,
2000,
5425,
3417,
2062,
14478,
2011,
2019,
21400,
3049,
1999,
1996,
3700,
1997,
13049,
1012,
1996,
4841,
3740,
1037,
27835,
2114,
2887,
4460,
1999,
1996,
2670,
9168,
3470,
1010,
3952,
19739,
8447,
15472,
27953,
1010,
2004,
1037,
2034,
3357,
2875,
11847,
10958,
27773,
2140,
1010,
1996,
2364,
2887,
2918,
1999,
4643,
4021,
1012,
2119,
3488,
2318,
1999,
2251,
1010,
2021,
2011,
3054,
1011,
2244,
1010,
1996,
2645,
2005,
19739,
8447,
15472,
27953,
2165,
9470,
2005,
1996,
2887,
1010,
1998,
3629,
1999,
2047,
7102,
2020,
3641,
2000,
10632,
2013,
1996,
3417,
2062,
14478,
2181,
2000,
1996,
2642,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"part",
"of",
"the",
"island",
",",
"where",
"they",
"faced",
"australian",
"and",
"united",
"states",
"troops",
"in",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"bun",
"##a",
"–",
"go",
"##na",
".",
"gu",
"##ada",
"##lc",
"##anal",
"soon",
"became",
"a",
"focal",
"point",
"for",
"both",
"sides",
"with",
"heavy",
"commitments",
"of",
"troops",
"and",
"ships",
"in",
"the",
"battle",
"for",
"gu",
"##ada",
"##lc",
"##anal",
".",
"by",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"1943",
",",
"the",
"japanese",
"were",
"defeated",
"on",
"the",
"island",
"and",
"withdrew",
"their",
"troops",
".",
"in",
"burma",
",",
"commonwealth",
"forces",
"mounted",
"two",
"operations",
".",
"the",
"first",
"was",
"a",
"disastrous",
"offensive",
"into",
"the",
"ara",
"##kan",
"region",
"in",
"late",
"1942",
"that",
"forced",
"a",
"retreat",
"back",
"to",
"india",
"by",
"may",
"1943",
".",
"the",
"second",
"was",
"the",
"insertion",
"of",
"irregular",
"forces",
"behind",
"japanese",
"front",
"##lines",
"in",
"february",
"which",
",",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"april",
",",
"had",
"achieved",
"mixed",
"results",
".",
"despite",
"considerable",
"losses",
",",
"in",
"early",
"1942",
"germany",
"and",
"its",
"allies",
"stopped",
"a",
"major",
"soviet",
"offensive",
"in",
"central",
"and",
"southern",
"russia",
",",
"keeping",
"most",
"territorial",
"gains",
"they",
"had",
"achieved",
"during",
"the",
"previous",
"year",
".",
"in",
"may",
",",
"the",
"germans",
"defeated",
"soviet",
"offensive",
"##s",
"in",
"the",
"ke",
"##rch",
"peninsula",
"and",
"at",
"k",
"##har",
"##kov",
",",
"and",
"then",
"in",
"june",
"1942",
"launched",
"their",
"main",
"summer",
"offensive",
"against",
"southern",
"russia",
",",
"to",
"seize",
"the",
"oil",
"fields",
"of",
"the",
"caucasus",
"and",
"occupy",
"the",
"ku",
"##ban",
"steppe",
",",
"while",
"maintaining",
"positions",
"on",
"the",
"northern",
"and",
"central",
"areas",
"of",
"the",
"front",
".",
"the",
"germans",
"split",
"army",
"group",
"south",
"into",
"two",
"groups",
":",
"army",
"group",
"a",
"advanced",
"to",
"the",
"lower",
"don",
"river",
"and",
"struck",
"south",
"-",
"east",
"to",
"the",
"caucasus",
",",
"while",
"army",
"group",
"b",
"headed",
"towards",
"the",
"volga",
"river",
".",
"the",
"soviets",
"decided",
"to",
"make",
"their",
"stand",
"at",
"stalin",
"##grad",
"on",
"the",
"volga",
".",
"by",
"mid",
"-",
"november",
",",
"the",
"germans",
"had",
"nearly",
"taken",
"stalin",
"##grad",
"in",
"bitter",
"street",
"fighting",
".",
"the",
"soviets",
"began",
"their",
"second",
"winter",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
",",
"starting",
"with",
"an",
"en",
"##ci",
"##rcle",
"##ment",
"of",
"german",
"forces",
"at",
"stalin",
"##grad",
",",
"and",
"an",
"assault",
"on",
"the",
"r",
"##zh",
"##ev",
"sal",
"##ient",
"near",
"moscow",
",",
"though",
"the",
"latter",
"failed",
"disastrous",
"##ly",
".",
"by",
"early",
"february",
"1943",
",",
"the",
"german",
"army",
"had",
"taken",
"tremendous",
"losses",
";",
"german",
"troops",
"at",
"stalin",
"##grad",
"had",
"been",
"defeated",
",",
"and",
"the",
"front",
"-",
"line",
"had",
"been",
"pushed",
"back",
"beyond",
"its",
"position",
"before",
"the",
"summer",
"offensive",
".",
"in",
"mid",
"-",
"february",
",",
"after",
"the",
"soviet",
"push",
"had",
"tape",
"##red",
"off",
",",
"the",
"germans",
"launched",
"another",
"attack",
"on",
"k",
"##har",
"##kov",
",",
"creating",
"a",
"sal",
"##ient",
"in",
"their",
"front",
"line",
"around",
"the",
"soviet",
"city",
"of",
"ku",
"##rsk",
".",
"exploit",
"##ing",
"poor",
"american",
"naval",
"command",
"decisions",
",",
"the",
"german",
"navy",
"ravaged",
"allied",
"shipping",
"off",
"the",
"american",
"atlantic",
"coast",
".",
"by",
"november",
"1941",
",",
"commonwealth",
"forces",
"had",
"launched",
"a",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"in",
"north",
"africa",
",",
"operation",
"crusader",
",",
"and",
"reclaimed",
"all",
"the",
"gains",
"the",
"germans",
"and",
"italians",
"had",
"made",
".",
"the",
"germans",
"also",
"launched",
"a",
"north",
"african",
"offensive",
"in",
"january",
",",
"pushing",
"the",
"british",
"back",
"to",
"positions",
"at",
"the",
"gaza",
"##la",
"line",
"by",
"early",
"february",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"a",
"temporary",
"lu"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 15,
"end_token_idx": 22,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Buna%E2%80%93Gona",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"bun",
"##a",
"–",
"go",
"##na"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 65,
"end_token_idx": 68,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Ke",
"tokens": [
"withdrew",
"their",
"troops"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 83,
"end_token_idx": 89,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arakan_campaign_(1942%E2%80%931943)",
"tokens": [
"offensive",
"into",
"the",
"ara",
"##kan",
"region"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 107,
"end_token_idx": 111,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Longcloth",
"tokens": [
"insertion",
"of",
"irregular",
"forces"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 147,
"end_token_idx": 148,
"identifier": "/wiki/Central_Russia",
"tokens": [
"central"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 149,
"end_token_idx": 151,
"identifier": "/wiki/Southern_Russia",
"tokens": [
"southern",
"russia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 175,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kerch_Peninsula",
"tokens": [
"ke",
"##rch",
"peninsula"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 183,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov",
"tokens": [
"k",
"##har",
"##kov"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 192,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Case_Blue",
"tokens": [
"summer",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 201,
"end_token_idx": 206,
"identifier": "/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Azerbaijan",
"tokens": [
"oil",
"fields",
"of",
"the",
"caucasus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 211,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kuban",
"tokens": [
"ku",
"##ban"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 211,
"end_token_idx": 212,
"identifier": "/wiki/Steppe",
"tokens": [
"steppe"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 229,
"end_token_idx": 232,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_South",
"tokens": [
"army",
"group",
"south"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 236,
"end_token_idx": 239,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_A",
"tokens": [
"army",
"group",
"a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 243,
"end_token_idx": 245,
"identifier": "/wiki/Don_(river)",
"tokens": [
"don",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 255,
"end_token_idx": 258,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_B",
"tokens": [
"army",
"group",
"b"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 263,
"identifier": "/wiki/Volga",
"tokens": [
"volga",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 286,
"end_token_idx": 290,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad",
"tokens": [
"nearly",
"taken",
"stalin",
"##grad"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 292,
"end_token_idx": 294,
"identifier": "/wiki/Urban_warfare",
"tokens": [
"street",
"fighting"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 308,
"end_token_idx": 318,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Uranus",
"tokens": [
"en",
"##ci",
"##rcle",
"##ment",
"of",
"german",
"forces",
"at",
"stalin",
"##grad"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 324,
"end_token_idx": 331,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Mars",
"tokens": [
"r",
"##zh",
"##ev",
"sal",
"##ient",
"near",
"moscow"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 396,
"end_token_idx": 401,
"identifier": "/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov",
"tokens": [
"attack",
"on",
"k",
"##har",
"##kov"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 404,
"end_token_idx": 406,
"identifier": "/wiki/Salient_(military)",
"tokens": [
"sal",
"##ient"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 415,
"end_token_idx": 417,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kursk",
"tokens": [
"ku",
"##rsk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 426,
"end_token_idx": 437,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Happy_Time",
"tokens": [
"the",
"german",
"navy",
"ravaged",
"allied",
"shipping",
"off",
"the",
"american",
"atlantic",
"coast"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 454,
"end_token_idx": 456,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Crusader",
"tokens": [
"operation",
"crusader"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 488,
"end_token_idx": 491,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala#Gazala_line",
"tokens": [
"gaza",
"##la",
"line"
]
}
] | [
101,
2112,
1997,
1996,
2479,
1010,
2073,
2027,
4320,
2827,
1998,
2142,
2163,
3629,
1999,
1996,
2645,
1997,
21122,
2050,
1516,
2175,
2532,
1012,
19739,
8447,
15472,
27953,
2574,
2150,
1037,
15918,
2391,
2005,
2119,
3903,
2007,
3082,
17786,
1997,
3629,
1998,
3719,
1999,
1996,
2645,
2005,
19739,
8447,
15472,
27953,
1012,
2011,
1996,
2707,
1997,
3826,
1010,
1996,
2887,
2020,
3249,
2006,
1996,
2479,
1998,
6780,
2037,
3629,
1012,
1999,
11050,
1010,
5663,
2749,
5614,
2048,
3136,
1012,
1996,
2034,
2001,
1037,
16775,
5805,
2046,
1996,
19027,
9126,
2555,
1999,
2397,
3758,
2008,
3140,
1037,
7822,
2067,
2000,
2634,
2011,
2089,
3826,
1012,
1996,
2117,
2001,
1996,
23851,
1997,
12052,
2749,
2369,
2887,
2392,
12735,
1999,
2337,
2029,
1010,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2258,
1010,
2018,
4719,
3816,
3463,
1012,
2750,
6196,
6409,
1010,
1999,
2220,
3758,
2762,
1998,
2049,
6956,
3030,
1037,
2350,
3354,
5805,
1999,
2430,
1998,
2670,
3607,
1010,
4363,
2087,
7894,
12154,
2027,
2018,
4719,
2076,
1996,
3025,
2095,
1012,
1999,
2089,
1010,
1996,
7074,
3249,
3354,
5805,
2015,
1999,
1996,
17710,
11140,
6000,
1998,
2012,
1047,
8167,
7724,
1010,
1998,
2059,
1999,
2238,
3758,
3390,
2037,
2364,
2621,
5805,
2114,
2670,
3607,
1010,
2000,
15126,
1996,
3514,
4249,
1997,
1996,
16512,
1998,
11494,
1996,
13970,
8193,
29096,
1010,
2096,
8498,
4460,
2006,
1996,
2642,
1998,
2430,
2752,
1997,
1996,
2392,
1012,
1996,
7074,
3975,
2390,
2177,
2148,
2046,
2048,
2967,
1024,
2390,
2177,
1037,
3935,
2000,
1996,
2896,
2123,
2314,
1998,
4930,
2148,
1011,
2264,
2000,
1996,
16512,
1010,
2096,
2390,
2177,
1038,
3753,
2875,
1996,
26459,
2314,
1012,
1996,
15269,
2787,
2000,
2191,
2037,
3233,
2012,
13125,
16307,
2006,
1996,
26459,
1012,
2011,
3054,
1011,
2281,
1010,
1996,
7074,
2018,
3053,
2579,
13125,
16307,
1999,
8618,
2395,
3554,
1012,
1996,
15269,
2211,
2037,
2117,
3467,
4675,
1011,
5805,
1010,
3225,
2007,
2019,
4372,
6895,
21769,
3672,
1997,
2446,
2749,
2012,
13125,
16307,
1010,
1998,
2019,
6101,
2006,
1996,
1054,
27922,
6777,
16183,
11638,
2379,
4924,
1010,
2295,
1996,
3732,
3478,
16775,
2135,
1012,
2011,
2220,
2337,
3826,
1010,
1996,
2446,
2390,
2018,
2579,
14388,
6409,
1025,
2446,
3629,
2012,
13125,
16307,
2018,
2042,
3249,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2392,
1011,
2240,
2018,
2042,
3724,
2067,
3458,
2049,
2597,
2077,
1996,
2621,
5805,
1012,
1999,
3054,
1011,
2337,
1010,
2044,
1996,
3354,
5245,
2018,
6823,
5596,
2125,
1010,
1996,
7074,
3390,
2178,
2886,
2006,
1047,
8167,
7724,
1010,
4526,
1037,
16183,
11638,
1999,
2037,
2392,
2240,
2105,
1996,
3354,
2103,
1997,
13970,
27472,
1012,
18077,
2075,
3532,
2137,
3987,
3094,
6567,
1010,
1996,
2446,
3212,
25537,
6035,
7829,
2125,
1996,
2137,
4448,
3023,
1012,
2011,
2281,
3874,
1010,
5663,
2749,
2018,
3390,
1037,
4675,
1011,
5805,
1999,
2167,
3088,
1010,
3169,
25237,
1010,
1998,
23119,
2035,
1996,
12154,
1996,
7074,
1998,
16773,
2018,
2081,
1012,
1996,
7074,
2036,
3390,
1037,
2167,
3060,
5805,
1999,
2254,
1010,
6183,
1996,
2329,
2067,
2000,
4460,
2012,
1996,
14474,
2721,
2240,
2011,
2220,
2337,
1010,
2628,
2011,
1037,
5741,
11320,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"##ll",
"in",
"combat",
"which",
"germany",
"used",
"to",
"prepare",
"for",
"their",
"upcoming",
"offensive",
"##s",
".",
"concerns",
"that",
"the",
"japanese",
"might",
"use",
"bases",
"in",
"vichy",
"-",
"held",
"madagascar",
"caused",
"the",
"british",
"to",
"invade",
"the",
"island",
"in",
"early",
"may",
"1942",
".",
"an",
"axis",
"offensive",
"in",
"libya",
"forced",
"an",
"allied",
"retreat",
"deep",
"inside",
"egypt",
"until",
"axis",
"forces",
"were",
"stopped",
"at",
"el",
"alam",
"##ein",
".",
"on",
"the",
"continent",
",",
"raids",
"of",
"allied",
"commandos",
"on",
"strategic",
"targets",
",",
"culminating",
"in",
"the",
"failed",
"die",
"##ppe",
"raid",
",",
"demonstrated",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"'",
"inability",
"to",
"launch",
"an",
"invasion",
"of",
"continental",
"europe",
"without",
"much",
"better",
"preparation",
",",
"equipment",
",",
"and",
"operational",
"security",
".",
"in",
"august",
"1942",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"succeeded",
"in",
"rep",
"##elling",
"a",
"second",
"attack",
"against",
"el",
"alam",
"##ein",
"and",
",",
"at",
"a",
"high",
"cost",
",",
"managed",
"to",
"deliver",
"desperately",
"needed",
"supplies",
"to",
"the",
"besieged",
"malta",
".",
"a",
"few",
"months",
"later",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"commenced",
"an",
"attack",
"of",
"their",
"own",
"in",
"egypt",
",",
"di",
"##sl",
"##od",
"##ging",
"the",
"axis",
"forces",
"and",
"beginning",
"a",
"drive",
"west",
"across",
"libya",
".",
"this",
"attack",
"was",
"followed",
"up",
"shortly",
"after",
"by",
"anglo",
"-",
"american",
"landings",
"in",
"french",
"north",
"africa",
",",
"which",
"resulted",
"in",
"the",
"region",
"joining",
"the",
"allies",
".",
"hitler",
"responded",
"to",
"the",
"french",
"colony",
"'",
"s",
"defect",
"##ion",
"by",
"ordering",
"the",
"occupation",
"of",
"vichy",
"france",
";",
"although",
"vichy",
"forces",
"did",
"not",
"resist",
"this",
"violation",
"of",
"the",
"armistice",
",",
"they",
"managed",
"to",
"sc",
"##ut",
"##tle",
"their",
"fleet",
"to",
"prevent",
"its",
"capture",
"by",
"german",
"forces",
".",
"axis",
"forces",
"in",
"africa",
"withdrew",
"into",
"tunisia",
",",
"which",
"was",
"conquered",
"by",
"the",
"allies",
"in",
"may",
"1943",
".",
"in",
"june",
"1943",
",",
"the",
"british",
"and",
"americans",
"began",
"a",
"strategic",
"bombing",
"campaign",
"against",
"germany",
"with",
"a",
"goal",
"to",
"disrupt",
"the",
"war",
"economy",
",",
"reduce",
"morale",
",",
"and",
"\"",
"de",
"-",
"house",
"\"",
"the",
"civilian",
"population",
".",
"the",
"fire",
"##bo",
"##mb",
"##ing",
"of",
"hamburg",
"was",
"among",
"the",
"first",
"attacks",
"in",
"this",
"campaign",
",",
"in",
"##flict",
"##ing",
"significant",
"casualties",
"and",
"considerable",
"losses",
"on",
"infrastructure",
"of",
"this",
"important",
"industrial",
"centre",
".",
"after",
"the",
"gu",
"##ada",
"##lc",
"##anal",
"campaign",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"initiated",
"several",
"operations",
"against",
"japan",
"in",
"the",
"pacific",
".",
"in",
"may",
"1943",
",",
"canadian",
"and",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"forces",
"were",
"sent",
"to",
"eliminate",
"japanese",
"forces",
"from",
"the",
"ale",
"##uti",
"##ans",
".",
"soon",
"after",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
",",
"with",
"support",
"from",
"australia",
",",
"new",
"zealand",
"and",
"pacific",
"islander",
"forces",
",",
"began",
"major",
"ground",
",",
"sea",
"and",
"air",
"operations",
"to",
"isolate",
"ra",
"##bau",
"##l",
"by",
"capturing",
"surrounding",
"islands",
",",
"and",
"breach",
"the",
"japanese",
"central",
"pacific",
"perimeter",
"at",
"the",
"gilbert",
"and",
"marshall",
"islands",
".",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"march",
"1944",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"had",
"completed",
"both",
"of",
"these",
"objectives",
"and",
"had",
"also",
"neutral",
"##ised",
"the",
"major",
"japanese",
"base",
"at",
"tr",
"##uk",
"in",
"the",
"caroline",
"islands",
".",
"in",
"april",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"launched",
"an",
"operation",
"to",
"re",
"##take",
"western",
"new",
"guinea",
".",
"in",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"both",
"the",
"germans",
"and",
"the",
"soviets",
"spent",
"the",
"spring",
"and",
"early",
"summer",
"of",
"1943",
"preparing",
"for",
"large",
"offensive",
"##s",
"in",
"central",
"russia",
".",
"on",
"5",
"july"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 22,
"end_token_idx": 26,
"identifier": "/wiki/French_Madagascar",
"tokens": [
"vichy",
"-",
"held",
"madagascar"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 30,
"end_token_idx": 33,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar",
"tokens": [
"invade",
"the",
"island"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 40,
"end_token_idx": 43,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala",
"tokens": [
"offensive",
"in",
"libya"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 54,
"end_token_idx": 59,
"identifier": "/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein",
"tokens": [
"stopped",
"at",
"el",
"alam",
"##ein"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 67,
"end_token_idx": 68,
"identifier": "/wiki/Commando",
"tokens": [
"commandos"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 76,
"end_token_idx": 79,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dieppe_Raid",
"tokens": [
"die",
"##ppe",
"raid"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 115,
"end_token_idx": 121,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Alam_el_Halfa",
"tokens": [
"second",
"attack",
"against",
"el",
"alam",
"##ein"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 130,
"end_token_idx": 138,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Pedestal",
"tokens": [
"deliver",
"desperately",
"needed",
"supplies",
"to",
"the",
"besieged",
"malta"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 146,
"end_token_idx": 152,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein",
"tokens": [
"commenced",
"an",
"attack",
"of",
"their",
"own"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 178,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Torch",
"tokens": [
"anglo",
"-",
"american",
"landings",
"in",
"french",
"north",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 213,
"identifier": "/wiki/Case_Anton",
"tokens": [
"occupation",
"of",
"vichy",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 229,
"end_token_idx": 234,
"identifier": "/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_French_fleet_at_Toulon",
"tokens": [
"sc",
"##ut",
"##tle",
"their",
"fleet"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 248,
"end_token_idx": 249,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tunisia",
"tokens": [
"tunisia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 252,
"end_token_idx": 256,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tunisian_campaign",
"tokens": [
"conquered",
"by",
"the",
"allies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 273,
"identifier": "/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive",
"tokens": [
"a",
"strategic",
"bombing",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 289,
"end_token_idx": 292,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dehousing",
"tokens": [
"de",
"-",
"house"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 298,
"end_token_idx": 304,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bombing_of_Hamburg_in_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"fire",
"##bo",
"##mb",
"##ing",
"of",
"hamburg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 362,
"end_token_idx": 370,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign#Allied_response",
"tokens": [
"eliminate",
"japanese",
"forces",
"from",
"the",
"ale",
"##uti",
"##ans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 399,
"end_token_idx": 407,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Cartwheel",
"tokens": [
"isolate",
"ra",
"##bau",
"##l",
"by",
"capturing",
"surrounding",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 409,
"end_token_idx": 421,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign",
"tokens": [
"breach",
"the",
"japanese",
"central",
"pacific",
"perimeter",
"at",
"the",
"gilbert",
"and",
"marshall",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 440,
"end_token_idx": 449,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Hailstone",
"tokens": [
"neutral",
"##ised",
"the",
"major",
"japanese",
"base",
"at",
"tr",
"##uk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 451,
"end_token_idx": 453,
"identifier": "/wiki/Caroline_Islands",
"tokens": [
"caroline",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 463,
"end_token_idx": 468,
"identifier": "/wiki/Western_New_Guinea_campaign",
"tokens": [
"re",
"##take",
"western",
"new",
"guinea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 494,
"end_token_idx": 496,
"identifier": "/wiki/Central_Russia",
"tokens": [
"central",
"russia"
]
}
] | [
101,
3363,
1999,
4337,
2029,
2762,
2109,
2000,
7374,
2005,
2037,
9046,
5805,
2015,
1012,
5936,
2008,
1996,
2887,
2453,
2224,
7888,
1999,
29177,
1011,
2218,
11934,
3303,
1996,
2329,
2000,
18445,
1996,
2479,
1999,
2220,
2089,
3758,
1012,
2019,
8123,
5805,
1999,
12917,
3140,
2019,
6035,
7822,
2784,
2503,
5279,
2127,
8123,
2749,
2020,
3030,
2012,
3449,
26234,
12377,
1012,
2006,
1996,
9983,
1010,
11217,
1997,
6035,
25144,
2006,
6143,
7889,
1010,
16979,
1999,
1996,
3478,
3280,
21512,
8118,
1010,
7645,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1005,
13720,
2000,
4888,
2019,
5274,
1997,
6803,
2885,
2302,
2172,
2488,
7547,
1010,
3941,
1010,
1998,
6515,
3036,
1012,
1999,
2257,
3758,
1010,
1996,
6956,
4594,
1999,
16360,
23918,
1037,
2117,
2886,
2114,
3449,
26234,
12377,
1998,
1010,
2012,
1037,
2152,
3465,
1010,
3266,
2000,
8116,
9652,
2734,
6067,
2000,
1996,
17923,
9933,
1012,
1037,
2261,
2706,
2101,
1010,
1996,
6956,
8420,
2019,
2886,
1997,
2037,
2219,
1999,
5279,
1010,
4487,
14540,
7716,
4726,
1996,
8123,
2749,
1998,
2927,
1037,
3298,
2225,
2408,
12917,
1012,
2023,
2886,
2001,
2628,
2039,
3859,
2044,
2011,
7819,
1011,
2137,
16805,
1999,
2413,
2167,
3088,
1010,
2029,
4504,
1999,
1996,
2555,
5241,
1996,
6956,
1012,
8042,
5838,
2000,
1996,
2413,
5701,
1005,
1055,
21262,
3258,
2011,
13063,
1996,
6139,
1997,
29177,
2605,
1025,
2348,
29177,
2749,
2106,
2025,
9507,
2023,
11371,
1997,
1996,
19125,
1010,
2027,
3266,
2000,
8040,
4904,
9286,
2037,
4170,
2000,
4652,
2049,
5425,
2011,
2446,
2749,
1012,
8123,
2749,
1999,
3088,
6780,
2046,
13437,
1010,
2029,
2001,
11438,
2011,
1996,
6956,
1999,
2089,
3826,
1012,
1999,
2238,
3826,
1010,
1996,
2329,
1998,
4841,
2211,
1037,
6143,
8647,
3049,
2114,
2762,
2007,
1037,
3125,
2000,
23217,
1996,
2162,
4610,
1010,
5547,
19292,
1010,
1998,
1000,
2139,
1011,
2160,
1000,
1996,
6831,
2313,
1012,
1996,
2543,
5092,
14905,
2075,
1997,
8719,
2001,
2426,
1996,
2034,
4491,
1999,
2023,
3049,
1010,
1999,
29301,
2075,
3278,
8664,
1998,
6196,
6409,
2006,
6502,
1997,
2023,
2590,
3919,
2803,
1012,
2044,
1996,
19739,
8447,
15472,
27953,
3049,
1010,
1996,
6956,
7531,
2195,
3136,
2114,
2900,
1999,
1996,
3534,
1012,
1999,
2089,
3826,
1010,
3010,
1998,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
2749,
2020,
2741,
2000,
11027,
2887,
2749,
2013,
1996,
15669,
21823,
6962,
1012,
2574,
2044,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1010,
2007,
2490,
2013,
2660,
1010,
2047,
3414,
1998,
3534,
12544,
2749,
1010,
2211,
2350,
2598,
1010,
2712,
1998,
2250,
3136,
2000,
27152,
10958,
27773,
2140,
2011,
11847,
4193,
3470,
1010,
1998,
12510,
1996,
2887,
2430,
3534,
13443,
2012,
1996,
7664,
1998,
5832,
3470,
1012,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2233,
3646,
1010,
1996,
6956,
2018,
2949,
2119,
1997,
2122,
11100,
1998,
2018,
2036,
8699,
5084,
1996,
2350,
2887,
2918,
2012,
19817,
6968,
1999,
1996,
7981,
3470,
1012,
1999,
2258,
1010,
1996,
6956,
3390,
2019,
3169,
2000,
2128,
15166,
2530,
2047,
7102,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
2119,
1996,
7074,
1998,
1996,
15269,
2985,
1996,
3500,
1998,
2220,
2621,
1997,
3826,
8225,
2005,
2312,
5805,
2015,
1999,
2430,
3607,
1012,
2006,
1019,
2251,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"1943",
",",
"germany",
"attacked",
"soviet",
"forces",
"around",
"the",
"ku",
"##rsk",
"bulge",
".",
"within",
"a",
"week",
",",
"german",
"forces",
"had",
"exhausted",
"themselves",
"against",
"the",
"soviets",
"'",
"well",
"-",
"constructed",
"defences",
",",
"and",
"for",
"the",
"first",
"time",
"in",
"the",
"war",
",",
"hitler",
"cancelled",
"an",
"operation",
"before",
"it",
"had",
"achieved",
"tactical",
"or",
"operational",
"success",
".",
"this",
"decision",
"was",
"partially",
"affected",
"by",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"'",
"invasion",
"of",
"sicily",
"launched",
"on",
"9",
"july",
",",
"which",
",",
"combined",
"with",
"previous",
"italian",
"failures",
",",
"resulted",
"in",
"the",
"ou",
"##sti",
"##ng",
"and",
"arrest",
"of",
"mussolini",
"later",
"that",
"month",
".",
"on",
"12",
"july",
"1943",
",",
"the",
"soviets",
"launched",
"their",
"own",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"##s",
",",
"thereby",
"di",
"##sp",
"##elling",
"any",
"chance",
"of",
"german",
"victory",
"or",
"even",
"stale",
"##mate",
"in",
"the",
"east",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"victory",
"at",
"ku",
"##rsk",
"marked",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"german",
"superiority",
",",
"giving",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"the",
"initiative",
"on",
"the",
"eastern",
"front",
".",
"the",
"germans",
"tried",
"to",
"stab",
"##ilis",
"##e",
"their",
"eastern",
"front",
"along",
"the",
"hastily",
"fortified",
"panther",
"–",
"wo",
"##tan",
"line",
",",
"but",
"the",
"soviets",
"broke",
"through",
"it",
"at",
"sm",
"##ole",
"##nsk",
"and",
"the",
"lower",
"d",
"##nie",
"##per",
"offensive",
".",
"on",
"3",
"september",
"1943",
",",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"invaded",
"the",
"italian",
"mainland",
",",
"following",
"italy",
"'",
"s",
"armistice",
"with",
"the",
"allies",
"and",
"the",
"ensuing",
"german",
"occupation",
"of",
"italy",
".",
"germany",
",",
"with",
"the",
"help",
"of",
"fascist",
"##s",
",",
"responded",
"to",
"the",
"armistice",
"by",
"di",
"##sar",
"##ming",
"italian",
"forces",
"that",
"were",
"in",
"many",
"places",
"without",
"superior",
"orders",
",",
"seizing",
"military",
"control",
"of",
"italian",
"areas",
",",
"and",
"creating",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"defensive",
"lines",
".",
"german",
"special",
"forces",
"then",
"rescued",
"mussolini",
",",
"who",
"then",
"soon",
"established",
"a",
"new",
"client",
"state",
"in",
"german",
"-",
"occupied",
"italy",
"named",
"the",
"italian",
"social",
"republic",
",",
"causing",
"an",
"italian",
"civil",
"war",
".",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"fought",
"through",
"several",
"lines",
"until",
"reaching",
"the",
"main",
"german",
"defensive",
"line",
"in",
"mid",
"-",
"november",
".",
"german",
"operations",
"in",
"the",
"atlantic",
"also",
"suffered",
".",
"by",
"may",
"1943",
",",
"as",
"allied",
"counter",
"-",
"measures",
"became",
"increasingly",
"effective",
",",
"the",
"resulting",
"size",
"##able",
"german",
"submarine",
"losses",
"forced",
"a",
"temporary",
"halt",
"of",
"the",
"german",
"atlantic",
"naval",
"campaign",
".",
"in",
"november",
"1943",
",",
"franklin",
"d",
".",
"roosevelt",
"and",
"winston",
"churchill",
"met",
"with",
"chiang",
"kai",
"-",
"she",
"##k",
"in",
"cairo",
"and",
"then",
"with",
"joseph",
"stalin",
"in",
"tehran",
".",
"the",
"former",
"conference",
"determined",
"the",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"return",
"of",
"japanese",
"territory",
"and",
"the",
"military",
"planning",
"for",
"the",
"burma",
"campaign",
",",
"while",
"the",
"latter",
"included",
"agreement",
"that",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"would",
"invade",
"europe",
"in",
"1944",
"and",
"that",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"would",
"declare",
"war",
"on",
"japan",
"within",
"three",
"months",
"of",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"defeat",
".",
"from",
"november",
"1943",
",",
"during",
"the",
"seven",
"-",
"week",
"battle",
"of",
"chang",
"##de",
",",
"the",
"chinese",
"awaited",
"allied",
"relief",
"as",
"they",
"forced",
"japan",
"to",
"fight",
"a",
"costly",
"war",
"of",
"at",
"##tri",
"##tion",
".",
"in",
"january",
"1944",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"launched",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"attacks",
"in",
"italy",
"against",
"the",
"line",
"at",
"monte",
"cass",
"##ino",
"and",
"tried",
"to",
"out",
"##fl",
"##an",
"##k",
"it",
"with",
"landings",
"at",
"an",
"##zio",
".",
"on",
"27",
"january"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 3,
"end_token_idx": 11,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk",
"tokens": [
"attacked",
"soviet",
"forces",
"around",
"the",
"ku",
"##rsk",
"bulge"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 62,
"end_token_idx": 65,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily",
"tokens": [
"invasion",
"of",
"sicily"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 81,
"end_token_idx": 88,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy",
"tokens": [
"ou",
"##sti",
"##ng",
"and",
"arrest",
"of",
"mussolini"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 102,
"end_token_idx": 106,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Kutuzov",
"tokens": [
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 162,
"end_token_idx": 167,
"identifier": "/wiki/Panther%E2%80%93Wotan_line",
"tokens": [
"panther",
"–",
"wo",
"##tan",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 175,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/Smolensk_operation",
"tokens": [
"sm",
"##ole",
"##nsk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 185,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper",
"tokens": [
"lower",
"d",
"##nie",
"##per",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 194,
"end_token_idx": 198,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"the",
"italian",
"mainland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 200,
"end_token_idx": 207,
"identifier": "/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile",
"tokens": [
"italy",
"'",
"s",
"armistice",
"with",
"the",
"allies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 229,
"end_token_idx": 234,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Achse",
"tokens": [
"di",
"##sar",
"##ming",
"italian",
"forces"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 264,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gran_Sasso_raid",
"tokens": [
"rescued",
"mussolini"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 280,
"end_token_idx": 283,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"social",
"republic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 286,
"end_token_idx": 289,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_Civil_War",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"civil",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 300,
"end_token_idx": 304,
"identifier": "/wiki/Winter_Line",
"tokens": [
"main",
"german",
"defensive",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 318,
"end_token_idx": 329,
"identifier": "/wiki/Black_May_(1943)",
"tokens": [
"may",
"1943",
",",
"as",
"allied",
"counter",
"-",
"measures",
"became",
"increasingly",
"effective"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 352,
"end_token_idx": 356,
"identifier": "/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt",
"tokens": [
"franklin",
"d",
".",
"roosevelt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 361,
"end_token_idx": 366,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek",
"tokens": [
"chiang",
"kai",
"-",
"she",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 366,
"end_token_idx": 368,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cairo_Conference",
"tokens": [
"in",
"cairo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 373,
"end_token_idx": 375,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tehran_Conference",
"tokens": [
"in",
"tehran"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 394,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/Burma_campaign",
"tokens": [
"burma",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 439,
"end_token_idx": 443,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Changde",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"chang",
"##de"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 471,
"end_token_idx": 483,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino",
"tokens": [
"series",
"of",
"attacks",
"in",
"italy",
"against",
"the",
"line",
"at",
"monte",
"cass",
"##ino"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 492,
"end_token_idx": 496,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio",
"tokens": [
"landings",
"at",
"an",
"##zio"
]
}
] | [
101,
3826,
1010,
2762,
4457,
3354,
2749,
2105,
1996,
13970,
27472,
23708,
1012,
2306,
1037,
2733,
1010,
2446,
2749,
2018,
9069,
3209,
2114,
1996,
15269,
1005,
2092,
1011,
3833,
16828,
1010,
1998,
2005,
1996,
2034,
2051,
1999,
1996,
2162,
1010,
8042,
8014,
2019,
3169,
2077,
2009,
2018,
4719,
8608,
2030,
6515,
3112,
1012,
2023,
3247,
2001,
6822,
5360,
2011,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1005,
5274,
1997,
12071,
3390,
2006,
1023,
2251,
1010,
2029,
1010,
4117,
2007,
3025,
3059,
15428,
1010,
4504,
1999,
1996,
15068,
16643,
3070,
1998,
6545,
1997,
22554,
2101,
2008,
3204,
1012,
2006,
2260,
2251,
3826,
1010,
1996,
15269,
3390,
2037,
2219,
4675,
1011,
5805,
2015,
1010,
8558,
4487,
13102,
23918,
2151,
3382,
1997,
2446,
3377,
2030,
2130,
26729,
8585,
1999,
1996,
2264,
1012,
1996,
3354,
3377,
2012,
13970,
27472,
4417,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2446,
19113,
1010,
3228,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1996,
6349,
2006,
1996,
2789,
2392,
1012,
1996,
7074,
2699,
2000,
17079,
24411,
2063,
2037,
2789,
2392,
2247,
1996,
15789,
13313,
15133,
1516,
24185,
5794,
2240,
1010,
2021,
1996,
15269,
3631,
2083,
2009,
2012,
15488,
9890,
25564,
1998,
1996,
2896,
1040,
8034,
4842,
5805,
1012,
2006,
1017,
2244,
3826,
1010,
1996,
2530,
6956,
10836,
1996,
3059,
8240,
1010,
2206,
3304,
1005,
1055,
19125,
2007,
1996,
6956,
1998,
1996,
13831,
2446,
6139,
1997,
3304,
1012,
2762,
1010,
2007,
1996,
2393,
1997,
14870,
2015,
1010,
5838,
2000,
1996,
19125,
2011,
4487,
10286,
6562,
3059,
2749,
2008,
2020,
1999,
2116,
3182,
2302,
6020,
4449,
1010,
24681,
2510,
2491,
1997,
3059,
2752,
1010,
1998,
4526,
1037,
2186,
1997,
5600,
3210,
1012,
2446,
2569,
2749,
2059,
10148,
22554,
1010,
2040,
2059,
2574,
2511,
1037,
2047,
7396,
2110,
1999,
2446,
1011,
4548,
3304,
2315,
1996,
3059,
2591,
3072,
1010,
4786,
2019,
3059,
2942,
2162,
1012,
1996,
2530,
6956,
4061,
2083,
2195,
3210,
2127,
4285,
1996,
2364,
2446,
5600,
2240,
1999,
3054,
1011,
2281,
1012,
2446,
3136,
1999,
1996,
4448,
2036,
4265,
1012,
2011,
2089,
3826,
1010,
2004,
6035,
4675,
1011,
5761,
2150,
6233,
4621,
1010,
1996,
4525,
2946,
3085,
2446,
6982,
6409,
3140,
1037,
5741,
9190,
1997,
1996,
2446,
4448,
3987,
3049,
1012,
1999,
2281,
3826,
1010,
5951,
1040,
1012,
8573,
1998,
10180,
10888,
2777,
2007,
17684,
11928,
1011,
2016,
2243,
1999,
11096,
1998,
2059,
2007,
3312,
13125,
1999,
13503,
1012,
1996,
2280,
3034,
4340,
1996,
2695,
1011,
2162,
2709,
1997,
2887,
3700,
1998,
1996,
2510,
4041,
2005,
1996,
11050,
3049,
1010,
2096,
1996,
3732,
2443,
3820,
2008,
1996,
2530,
6956,
2052,
18445,
2885,
1999,
3646,
1998,
2008,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2052,
13520,
2162,
2006,
2900,
2306,
2093,
2706,
1997,
2762,
1005,
1055,
4154,
1012,
2013,
2281,
3826,
1010,
2076,
1996,
2698,
1011,
2733,
2645,
1997,
11132,
3207,
1010,
1996,
2822,
19605,
6035,
4335,
2004,
2027,
3140,
2900,
2000,
2954,
1037,
17047,
2162,
1997,
2012,
18886,
3508,
1012,
1999,
2254,
3646,
1010,
1996,
6956,
3390,
1037,
2186,
1997,
4491,
1999,
3304,
2114,
1996,
2240,
2012,
10125,
16220,
5740,
1998,
2699,
2000,
2041,
10258,
2319,
2243,
2009,
2007,
16805,
2012,
2019,
12426,
1012,
2006,
2676,
2254,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"1944",
",",
"soviet",
"troops",
"launched",
"a",
"major",
"offensive",
"that",
"expelled",
"german",
"forces",
"from",
"the",
"leningrad",
"region",
",",
"thereby",
"ending",
"the",
"most",
"lethal",
"siege",
"in",
"history",
".",
"the",
"following",
"soviet",
"offensive",
"was",
"halted",
"on",
"the",
"pre",
"-",
"war",
"estonian",
"border",
"by",
"the",
"german",
"army",
"group",
"north",
"aided",
"by",
"estonian",
"##s",
"hoping",
"to",
"re",
"-",
"establish",
"national",
"independence",
".",
"this",
"delay",
"slowed",
"subsequent",
"soviet",
"operations",
"in",
"the",
"baltic",
"sea",
"region",
".",
"by",
"late",
"may",
"1944",
",",
"the",
"soviets",
"had",
"liberated",
"crimea",
",",
"largely",
"expelled",
"axis",
"forces",
"from",
"ukraine",
",",
"and",
"made",
"inc",
"##urs",
"##ions",
"into",
"romania",
",",
"which",
"were",
"repulsed",
"by",
"the",
"axis",
"troops",
".",
"the",
"allied",
"offensive",
"##s",
"in",
"italy",
"had",
"succeeded",
"and",
",",
"at",
"the",
"expense",
"of",
"allowing",
"several",
"german",
"divisions",
"to",
"retreat",
",",
"rome",
"was",
"captured",
"on",
"4",
"june",
".",
"the",
"allies",
"had",
"mixed",
"success",
"in",
"mainland",
"asia",
".",
"in",
"march",
"1944",
",",
"the",
"japanese",
"launched",
"the",
"first",
"of",
"two",
"invasions",
",",
"an",
"operation",
"against",
"allied",
"positions",
"in",
"assam",
",",
"india",
",",
"and",
"soon",
"besieged",
"commonwealth",
"positions",
"at",
"imp",
"##hal",
"and",
"ko",
"##hima",
".",
"in",
"may",
"1944",
",",
"british",
"and",
"indian",
"forces",
"mounted",
"a",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"that",
"drove",
"japanese",
"troops",
"back",
"to",
"burma",
"by",
"july",
",",
"and",
"chinese",
"forces",
"that",
"had",
"invaded",
"northern",
"burma",
"in",
"late",
"1943",
"besieged",
"japanese",
"troops",
"in",
"my",
"##it",
"##ky",
"##ina",
".",
"the",
"second",
"japanese",
"invasion",
"of",
"china",
"aimed",
"to",
"destroy",
"china",
"'",
"s",
"main",
"fighting",
"forces",
",",
"secure",
"railways",
"between",
"japanese",
"-",
"held",
"territory",
"and",
"capture",
"allied",
"airfields",
".",
"by",
"june",
",",
"the",
"japanese",
"had",
"conquered",
"the",
"province",
"of",
"henan",
"and",
"begun",
"a",
"new",
"attack",
"on",
"chang",
"##sha",
".",
"on",
"6",
"june",
"1944",
"(",
"commonly",
"known",
"as",
"d",
"-",
"day",
")",
",",
"after",
"three",
"years",
"of",
"soviet",
"pressure",
",",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"invaded",
"northern",
"france",
".",
"after",
"re",
"##ass",
"##ign",
"##ing",
"several",
"allied",
"divisions",
"from",
"italy",
",",
"they",
"also",
"attacked",
"southern",
"france",
".",
"these",
"landings",
"were",
"successful",
"and",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"defeat",
"of",
"the",
"german",
"army",
"units",
"in",
"france",
".",
"paris",
"was",
"liberated",
"on",
"25",
"august",
"by",
"the",
"local",
"resistance",
"assisted",
"by",
"the",
"free",
"french",
"forces",
",",
"both",
"led",
"by",
"general",
"charles",
"de",
"gaulle",
",",
"and",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"continued",
"to",
"push",
"back",
"german",
"forces",
"in",
"western",
"europe",
"during",
"the",
"latter",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"year",
".",
"an",
"attempt",
"to",
"advance",
"into",
"northern",
"germany",
"spearheaded",
"by",
"a",
"major",
"airborne",
"operation",
"in",
"the",
"netherlands",
"failed",
".",
"after",
"that",
",",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"slowly",
"pushed",
"into",
"germany",
",",
"but",
"failed",
"to",
"cross",
"the",
"ru",
"##r",
"river",
".",
"in",
"italy",
",",
"the",
"allied",
"advance",
"slowed",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"last",
"major",
"german",
"defensive",
"line",
".",
"on",
"22",
"june",
",",
"the",
"soviets",
"launched",
"a",
"strategic",
"offensive",
"in",
"belarus",
"(",
"\"",
"operation",
"bag",
"##ration",
"\"",
")",
"that",
"nearly",
"destroyed",
"the",
"german",
"army",
"group",
"centre",
".",
"soon",
"after",
"that",
",",
"another",
"soviet",
"strategic",
"offensive",
"forced",
"german",
"troops",
"from",
"western",
"ukraine",
"and",
"eastern",
"poland",
".",
"the",
"soviets",
"formed",
"the",
"polish",
"committee",
"of",
"national",
"liberation",
"to",
"control",
"territory",
"in",
"poland",
"and",
"combat",
"the",
"polish",
"arm",
"##ia",
"k",
"##raj",
"##owa",
";",
"the",
"soviet",
"red"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 2,
"end_token_idx": 3,
"identifier": "/wiki/Leningrad_Front",
"tokens": [
"soviet"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 5,
"end_token_idx": 8,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad#Soviet_relief_of_the_siege",
"tokens": [
"a",
"major",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 16,
"identifier": "/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast",
"tokens": [
"leningrad",
"region"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 20,
"end_token_idx": 25,
"identifier": "/wiki/List_of_battles_by_casualties#Sieges_and_urban_combat",
"tokens": [
"most",
"lethal",
"siege",
"in",
"history"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 27,
"end_token_idx": 30,
"identifier": "/wiki/Leningrad%E2%80%93Novgorod_offensive",
"tokens": [
"following",
"soviet",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 31,
"end_token_idx": 39,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)",
"tokens": [
"halted",
"on",
"the",
"pre",
"-",
"war",
"estonian",
"border"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 42,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_North",
"tokens": [
"army",
"group",
"north"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 49,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_II#Estonians_in_Nazi_German_military_units",
"tokens": [
"estonian",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 51,
"end_token_idx": 56,
"identifier": "/wiki/Estonian_government-in-exile#Failure_to_reestablish_independence",
"tokens": [
"re",
"-",
"establish",
"national",
"independence"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 65,
"end_token_idx": 67,
"identifier": "/wiki/Baltic_Sea",
"tokens": [
"baltic",
"sea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 77,
"end_token_idx": 79,
"identifier": "/wiki/Crimean_offensive",
"tokens": [
"liberated",
"crimea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 80,
"end_token_idx": 86,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Carpathian_offensive",
"tokens": [
"largely",
"expelled",
"axis",
"forces",
"from",
"ukraine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 89,
"end_token_idx": 94,
"identifier": "/wiki/First_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive",
"tokens": [
"inc",
"##urs",
"##ions",
"into",
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 153,
"end_token_idx": 162,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_U-Go",
"tokens": [
"an",
"operation",
"against",
"allied",
"positions",
"in",
"assam",
",",
"india"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 169,
"end_token_idx": 171,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal",
"tokens": [
"imp",
"##hal"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 172,
"end_token_idx": 174,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Kohima",
"tokens": [
"ko",
"##hima"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 203,
"end_token_idx": 206,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"northern",
"burma"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 212,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siege_of_Myitkyina",
"tokens": [
"besieged",
"japanese",
"troops"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 213,
"end_token_idx": 217,
"identifier": "/wiki/Myitkyina",
"tokens": [
"my",
"##it",
"##ky",
"##ina"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 219,
"end_token_idx": 222,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go",
"tokens": [
"second",
"japanese",
"invasion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 256,
"end_token_idx": 257,
"identifier": "/wiki/Henan",
"tokens": [
"henan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 260,
"end_token_idx": 265,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1944)",
"tokens": [
"new",
"attack",
"on",
"chang",
"##sha"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 274,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/Normandy_landings",
"tokens": [
"d",
"-",
"day"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 289,
"end_token_idx": 292,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Overlord",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"northern",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 306,
"end_token_idx": 309,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Dragoon",
"tokens": [
"attacked",
"southern",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 321,
"end_token_idx": 326,
"identifier": "/wiki/Falaise_pocket",
"tokens": [
"german",
"army",
"units",
"in",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 327,
"end_token_idx": 328,
"identifier": "/wiki/Paris",
"tokens": [
"paris"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 329,
"end_token_idx": 330,
"identifier": "/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris",
"tokens": [
"liberated"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 335,
"end_token_idx": 337,
"identifier": "/wiki/French_Resistance",
"tokens": [
"local",
"resistance"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 340,
"end_token_idx": 343,
"identifier": "/wiki/Free_French_Forces",
"tokens": [
"free",
"french",
"forces"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 348,
"end_token_idx": 351,
"identifier": "/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle",
"tokens": [
"charles",
"de",
"gaulle"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 358,
"end_token_idx": 362,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siegfried_Line_campaign",
"tokens": [
"push",
"back",
"german",
"forces"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 382,
"end_token_idx": 386,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden",
"tokens": [
"a",
"major",
"airborne",
"operation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 403,
"end_token_idx": 410,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Queen",
"tokens": [
"failed",
"to",
"cross",
"the",
"ru",
"##r",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 421,
"end_token_idx": 426,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gothic_Line",
"tokens": [
"last",
"major",
"german",
"defensive",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 441,
"end_token_idx": 444,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Bagration",
"tokens": [
"operation",
"bag",
"##ration"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 451,
"end_token_idx": 454,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_Centre",
"tokens": [
"army",
"group",
"centre"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 459,
"end_token_idx": 463,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive",
"tokens": [
"another",
"soviet",
"strategic",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 482,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation",
"tokens": [
"polish",
"committee",
"of",
"national",
"liberation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 491,
"end_token_idx": 496,
"identifier": "/wiki/Home_Army",
"tokens": [
"arm",
"##ia",
"k",
"##raj",
"##owa"
]
}
] | [
101,
3646,
1010,
3354,
3629,
3390,
1037,
2350,
5805,
2008,
10016,
2446,
2749,
2013,
1996,
15930,
2555,
1010,
8558,
4566,
1996,
2087,
12765,
6859,
1999,
2381,
1012,
1996,
2206,
3354,
5805,
2001,
12705,
2006,
1996,
3653,
1011,
2162,
12029,
3675,
2011,
1996,
2446,
2390,
2177,
2167,
11553,
2011,
12029,
2015,
5327,
2000,
2128,
1011,
5323,
2120,
4336,
1012,
2023,
8536,
9784,
4745,
3354,
3136,
1999,
1996,
11275,
2712,
2555,
1012,
2011,
2397,
2089,
3646,
1010,
1996,
15269,
2018,
19553,
21516,
1010,
4321,
10016,
8123,
2749,
2013,
5924,
1010,
1998,
2081,
4297,
9236,
8496,
2046,
6339,
1010,
2029,
2020,
24571,
2011,
1996,
8123,
3629,
1012,
1996,
6035,
5805,
2015,
1999,
3304,
2018,
4594,
1998,
1010,
2012,
1996,
10961,
1997,
4352,
2195,
2446,
5908,
2000,
7822,
1010,
4199,
2001,
4110,
2006,
1018,
2238,
1012,
1996,
6956,
2018,
3816,
3112,
1999,
8240,
4021,
1012,
1999,
2233,
3646,
1010,
1996,
2887,
3390,
1996,
2034,
1997,
2048,
23536,
1010,
2019,
3169,
2114,
6035,
4460,
1999,
15181,
1010,
2634,
1010,
1998,
2574,
17923,
5663,
4460,
2012,
17727,
8865,
1998,
12849,
16369,
1012,
1999,
2089,
3646,
1010,
2329,
1998,
2796,
2749,
5614,
1037,
4675,
1011,
5805,
2008,
5225,
2887,
3629,
2067,
2000,
11050,
2011,
2251,
1010,
1998,
2822,
2749,
2008,
2018,
10836,
2642,
11050,
1999,
2397,
3826,
17923,
2887,
3629,
1999,
2026,
4183,
4801,
3981,
1012,
1996,
2117,
2887,
5274,
1997,
2859,
6461,
2000,
6033,
2859,
1005,
1055,
2364,
3554,
2749,
1010,
5851,
7111,
2090,
2887,
1011,
2218,
3700,
1998,
5425,
6035,
25278,
1012,
2011,
2238,
1010,
1996,
2887,
2018,
11438,
1996,
2874,
1997,
27837,
1998,
5625,
1037,
2047,
2886,
2006,
11132,
7377,
1012,
2006,
1020,
2238,
3646,
1006,
4141,
2124,
2004,
1040,
1011,
2154,
1007,
1010,
2044,
2093,
2086,
1997,
3354,
3778,
1010,
1996,
2530,
6956,
10836,
2642,
2605,
1012,
2044,
2128,
12054,
23773,
2075,
2195,
6035,
5908,
2013,
3304,
1010,
2027,
2036,
4457,
2670,
2605,
1012,
2122,
16805,
2020,
3144,
1998,
2419,
2000,
1996,
4154,
1997,
1996,
2446,
2390,
3197,
1999,
2605,
1012,
3000,
2001,
19553,
2006,
2423,
2257,
2011,
1996,
2334,
5012,
7197,
2011,
1996,
2489,
2413,
2749,
1010,
2119,
2419,
2011,
2236,
2798,
2139,
28724,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2530,
6956,
2506,
2000,
5245,
2067,
2446,
2749,
1999,
2530,
2885,
2076,
1996,
3732,
2112,
1997,
1996,
2095,
1012,
2019,
3535,
2000,
5083,
2046,
2642,
2762,
27721,
2011,
1037,
2350,
10519,
3169,
1999,
1996,
4549,
3478,
1012,
2044,
2008,
1010,
1996,
2530,
6956,
3254,
3724,
2046,
2762,
1010,
2021,
3478,
2000,
2892,
1996,
21766,
2099,
2314,
1012,
1999,
3304,
1010,
1996,
6035,
5083,
9784,
2349,
2000,
1996,
2197,
2350,
2446,
5600,
2240,
1012,
2006,
2570,
2238,
1010,
1996,
15269,
3390,
1037,
6143,
5805,
1999,
12545,
1006,
1000,
3169,
4524,
8156,
1000,
1007,
2008,
3053,
3908,
1996,
2446,
2390,
2177,
2803,
1012,
2574,
2044,
2008,
1010,
2178,
3354,
6143,
5805,
3140,
2446,
3629,
2013,
2530,
5924,
1998,
2789,
3735,
1012,
1996,
15269,
2719,
1996,
3907,
2837,
1997,
2120,
7931,
2000,
2491,
3700,
1999,
3735,
1998,
4337,
1996,
3907,
2849,
2401,
1047,
14220,
21293,
1025,
1996,
3354,
2417,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"army",
"remained",
"in",
"the",
"pr",
"##aga",
"district",
"on",
"the",
"other",
"side",
"of",
"the",
"vis",
"##tula",
"and",
"watched",
"passive",
"##ly",
"as",
"the",
"germans",
"que",
"##lled",
"the",
"warsaw",
"uprising",
"initiated",
"by",
"the",
"arm",
"##ia",
"k",
"##raj",
"##owa",
".",
"the",
"national",
"uprising",
"in",
"slovakia",
"was",
"also",
"que",
"##lled",
"by",
"the",
"germans",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"red",
"army",
"'",
"s",
"strategic",
"offensive",
"in",
"eastern",
"romania",
"cut",
"off",
"and",
"destroyed",
"the",
"considerable",
"german",
"troops",
"there",
"and",
"triggered",
"a",
"successful",
"coup",
"d",
"'",
"etat",
"in",
"romania",
"and",
"in",
"bulgaria",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"those",
"countries",
"'",
"shift",
"to",
"the",
"allied",
"side",
".",
"in",
"september",
"1944",
",",
"soviet",
"troops",
"advanced",
"into",
"yugoslavia",
"and",
"forced",
"the",
"rapid",
"withdrawal",
"of",
"german",
"army",
"groups",
"e",
"and",
"f",
"in",
"greece",
",",
"albania",
"and",
"yugoslavia",
"to",
"rescue",
"them",
"from",
"being",
"cut",
"off",
".",
"by",
"this",
"point",
",",
"the",
"communist",
"-",
"led",
"partisans",
"under",
"marshal",
"jo",
"##si",
"##p",
"bro",
"##z",
"tito",
",",
"who",
"had",
"led",
"an",
"increasingly",
"successful",
"guerrilla",
"campaign",
"against",
"the",
"occupation",
"since",
"1941",
",",
"controlled",
"much",
"of",
"the",
"territory",
"of",
"yugoslavia",
"and",
"engaged",
"in",
"delaying",
"efforts",
"against",
"german",
"forces",
"further",
"south",
".",
"in",
"northern",
"serbia",
",",
"the",
"soviet",
"red",
"army",
",",
"with",
"limited",
"support",
"from",
"bulgarian",
"forces",
",",
"assisted",
"the",
"partisans",
"in",
"a",
"joint",
"liberation",
"of",
"the",
"capital",
"city",
"of",
"belgrade",
"on",
"20",
"october",
".",
"a",
"few",
"days",
"later",
",",
"the",
"soviets",
"launched",
"a",
"massive",
"assault",
"against",
"german",
"-",
"occupied",
"hungary",
"that",
"lasted",
"until",
"the",
"fall",
"of",
"budapest",
"in",
"february",
"1945",
".",
"unlike",
"impressive",
"soviet",
"victories",
"in",
"the",
"balkans",
",",
"bitter",
"finnish",
"resistance",
"to",
"the",
"soviet",
"offensive",
"in",
"the",
"karel",
"##ian",
"ist",
"##hm",
"##us",
"denied",
"the",
"soviets",
"occupation",
"of",
"finland",
"and",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"soviet",
"-",
"finnish",
"armistice",
"on",
"relatively",
"mild",
"conditions",
",",
"although",
"finland",
"was",
"forced",
"to",
"fight",
"their",
"former",
"german",
"allies",
".",
"by",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"july",
"1944",
",",
"commonwealth",
"forces",
"in",
"southeast",
"asia",
"had",
"rep",
"##elled",
"the",
"japanese",
"siege",
"##s",
"in",
"assam",
",",
"pushing",
"the",
"japanese",
"back",
"to",
"the",
"chin",
"##d",
"##win",
"river",
"while",
"the",
"chinese",
"captured",
"my",
"##it",
"##ky",
"##ina",
".",
"in",
"september",
"1944",
",",
"chinese",
"forces",
"captured",
"mount",
"song",
"and",
"reopened",
"the",
"burma",
"road",
".",
"in",
"china",
",",
"the",
"japanese",
"had",
"more",
"successes",
",",
"having",
"finally",
"captured",
"chang",
"##sha",
"in",
"mid",
"-",
"june",
"and",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"hen",
"##gy",
"##ang",
"by",
"early",
"august",
".",
"soon",
"after",
",",
"they",
"invaded",
"the",
"province",
"of",
"gu",
"##ang",
"##xi",
",",
"winning",
"major",
"engagements",
"against",
"chinese",
"forces",
"at",
"gui",
"##lin",
"and",
"liu",
"##zhou",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"november",
"and",
"successfully",
"linking",
"up",
"their",
"forces",
"in",
"china",
"and",
"indochina",
"by",
"mid",
"-",
"december",
".",
"in",
"the",
"pacific",
",",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"forces",
"continued",
"to",
"push",
"back",
"the",
"japanese",
"perimeter",
".",
"in",
"mid",
"-",
"june",
"1944",
",",
"they",
"began",
"their",
"offensive",
"against",
"the",
"mariana",
"and",
"pal",
"##au",
"islands",
"and",
"decisive",
"##ly",
"defeated",
"japanese",
"forces",
"in",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"the",
"philippine",
"sea",
".",
"these",
"defeats",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"resignation",
"of",
"the",
"japanese",
"prime",
"minister",
",",
"hide",
"##ki",
"to",
"##jo",
",",
"and",
"provided",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"with",
"air",
"bases",
"to",
"launch",
"intensive",
"heavy",
"bomber",
"attacks",
"on"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 4,
"end_token_idx": 6,
"identifier": "/wiki/Praga",
"tokens": [
"pr",
"##aga"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 13,
"end_token_idx": 15,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vistula",
"tokens": [
"vis",
"##tula"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 25,
"end_token_idx": 27,
"identifier": "/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising",
"tokens": [
"warsaw",
"uprising"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 37,
"end_token_idx": 39,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising",
"tokens": [
"national",
"uprising"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 40,
"end_token_idx": 41,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)",
"tokens": [
"slovakia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 51,
"end_token_idx": 53,
"identifier": "/wiki/Red_Army",
"tokens": [
"red",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 55,
"end_token_idx": 60,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive",
"tokens": [
"strategic",
"offensive",
"in",
"eastern",
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 65,
"end_token_idx": 69,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_South_Ukraine",
"tokens": [
"considerable",
"german",
"troops",
"there"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 71,
"end_token_idx": 79,
"identifier": "/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat",
"tokens": [
"a",
"successful",
"coup",
"d",
"'",
"etat",
"in",
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 80,
"end_token_idx": 82,
"identifier": "/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat",
"tokens": [
"in",
"bulgaria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 102,
"end_token_idx": 103,
"identifier": "/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia",
"tokens": [
"yugoslavia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 112,
"end_token_idx": 113,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_E",
"tokens": [
"e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 114,
"end_token_idx": 115,
"identifier": "/wiki/Army_Group_F",
"tokens": [
"f"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 116,
"end_token_idx": 117,
"identifier": "/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece",
"tokens": [
"greece"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 118,
"end_token_idx": 119,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania",
"tokens": [
"albania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 137,
"end_token_idx": 138,
"identifier": "/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans",
"tokens": [
"partisans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 140,
"end_token_idx": 146,
"identifier": "/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito",
"tokens": [
"jo",
"##si",
"##p",
"bro",
"##z",
"tito"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 151,
"end_token_idx": 155,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia",
"tokens": [
"increasingly",
"successful",
"guerrilla",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 181,
"end_token_idx": 182,
"identifier": "/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia",
"tokens": [
"serbia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 185,
"end_token_idx": 187,
"identifier": "/wiki/Red_Army",
"tokens": [
"red",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 201,
"end_token_idx": 208,
"identifier": "/wiki/Belgrade_offensive",
"tokens": [
"liberation",
"of",
"the",
"capital",
"city",
"of",
"belgrade"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 221,
"end_token_idx": 223,
"identifier": "/wiki/Budapest_offensive",
"tokens": [
"massive",
"assault"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 224,
"end_token_idx": 227,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Panzerfaust",
"tokens": [
"german",
"-",
"occupied"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 231,
"end_token_idx": 235,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest",
"tokens": [
"the",
"fall",
"of",
"budapest"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 247,
"end_token_idx": 250,
"identifier": "/wiki/Continuation_War",
"tokens": [
"bitter",
"finnish",
"resistance"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 252,
"end_token_idx": 254,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 256,
"end_token_idx": 261,
"identifier": "/wiki/Karelian_Isthmus",
"tokens": [
"karel",
"##ian",
"ist",
"##hm",
"##us"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 271,
"end_token_idx": 275,
"identifier": "/wiki/Moscow_Armistice",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"-",
"finnish",
"armistice"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 285,
"end_token_idx": 290,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lapland_War",
"tokens": [
"fight",
"their",
"former",
"german",
"allies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 311,
"end_token_idx": 312,
"identifier": "/wiki/Assam",
"tokens": [
"assam"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 319,
"end_token_idx": 323,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chindwin_River",
"tokens": [
"chin",
"##d",
"##win",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 338,
"end_token_idx": 341,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Song",
"tokens": [
"captured",
"mount",
"song"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 344,
"end_token_idx": 346,
"identifier": "/wiki/Burma_Road",
"tokens": [
"burma",
"road"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 358,
"end_token_idx": 361,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1944)",
"tokens": [
"captured",
"chang",
"##sha"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 369,
"end_token_idx": 372,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Hengyang",
"tokens": [
"hen",
"##gy",
"##ang"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 384,
"end_token_idx": 387,
"identifier": "/wiki/Guangxi",
"tokens": [
"gu",
"##ang",
"##xi"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 395,
"end_token_idx": 400,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Guilin%E2%80%93Liuzhou",
"tokens": [
"gui",
"##lin",
"and",
"liu",
"##zhou"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 446,
"end_token_idx": 454,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign",
"tokens": [
"offensive",
"against",
"the",
"mariana",
"and",
"pal",
"##au",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 467,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"the",
"philippine",
"sea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 480,
"end_token_idx": 484,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hideki_Tojo",
"tokens": [
"hide",
"##ki",
"to",
"##jo"
]
}
] | [
101,
2390,
2815,
1999,
1996,
10975,
16098,
2212,
2006,
1996,
2060,
2217,
1997,
1996,
25292,
28970,
1998,
3427,
13135,
2135,
2004,
1996,
7074,
10861,
11001,
1996,
8199,
10138,
7531,
2011,
1996,
2849,
2401,
1047,
14220,
21293,
1012,
1996,
2120,
10138,
1999,
10991,
2001,
2036,
10861,
11001,
2011,
1996,
7074,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2417,
2390,
1005,
1055,
6143,
5805,
1999,
2789,
6339,
3013,
2125,
1998,
3908,
1996,
6196,
2446,
3629,
2045,
1998,
13330,
1037,
3144,
8648,
1040,
1005,
17997,
1999,
6339,
1998,
1999,
8063,
1010,
2628,
2011,
2216,
3032,
1005,
5670,
2000,
1996,
6035,
2217,
1012,
1999,
2244,
3646,
1010,
3354,
3629,
3935,
2046,
8936,
1998,
3140,
1996,
5915,
10534,
1997,
2446,
2390,
2967,
1041,
1998,
1042,
1999,
5483,
1010,
10407,
1998,
8936,
2000,
5343,
2068,
2013,
2108,
3013,
2125,
1012,
2011,
2023,
2391,
1010,
1996,
4750,
1011,
2419,
20762,
2104,
8610,
8183,
5332,
2361,
22953,
2480,
20712,
1010,
2040,
2018,
2419,
2019,
6233,
3144,
15722,
3049,
2114,
1996,
6139,
2144,
3874,
1010,
4758,
2172,
1997,
1996,
3700,
1997,
8936,
1998,
5117,
1999,
29391,
4073,
2114,
2446,
2749,
2582,
2148,
1012,
1999,
2642,
7238,
1010,
1996,
3354,
2417,
2390,
1010,
2007,
3132,
2490,
2013,
7643,
2749,
1010,
7197,
1996,
20762,
1999,
1037,
4101,
7931,
1997,
1996,
3007,
2103,
1997,
10291,
2006,
2322,
2255,
1012,
1037,
2261,
2420,
2101,
1010,
1996,
15269,
3390,
1037,
5294,
6101,
2114,
2446,
1011,
4548,
5872,
2008,
6354,
2127,
1996,
2991,
1997,
10926,
1999,
2337,
3386,
1012,
4406,
8052,
3354,
9248,
1999,
1996,
19733,
1010,
8618,
6983,
5012,
2000,
1996,
3354,
5805,
1999,
1996,
28021,
2937,
21541,
14227,
2271,
6380,
1996,
15269,
6139,
1997,
6435,
1998,
2419,
2000,
1037,
3354,
1011,
6983,
19125,
2006,
4659,
10256,
3785,
1010,
2348,
6435,
2001,
3140,
2000,
2954,
2037,
2280,
2446,
6956,
1012,
2011,
1996,
2707,
1997,
2251,
3646,
1010,
5663,
2749,
1999,
4643,
4021,
2018,
16360,
21148,
1996,
2887,
6859,
2015,
1999,
15181,
1010,
6183,
1996,
2887,
2067,
2000,
1996,
5413,
2094,
10105,
2314,
2096,
1996,
2822,
4110,
2026,
4183,
4801,
3981,
1012,
1999,
2244,
3646,
1010,
2822,
2749,
4110,
4057,
2299,
1998,
11882,
1996,
11050,
2346,
1012,
1999,
2859,
1010,
1996,
2887,
2018,
2062,
14152,
1010,
2383,
2633,
4110,
11132,
7377,
1999,
3054,
1011,
2238,
1998,
1996,
2103,
1997,
21863,
6292,
5654,
2011,
2220,
2257,
1012,
2574,
2044,
1010,
2027,
10836,
1996,
2874,
1997,
19739,
5654,
9048,
1010,
3045,
2350,
20583,
2114,
2822,
2749,
2012,
26458,
4115,
1998,
8607,
9791,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2281,
1998,
5147,
11383,
2039,
2037,
2749,
1999,
2859,
1998,
27053,
2011,
3054,
1011,
2285,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3534,
1010,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
2749,
2506,
2000,
5245,
2067,
1996,
2887,
13443,
1012,
1999,
3054,
1011,
2238,
3646,
1010,
2027,
2211,
2037,
5805,
2114,
1996,
22097,
1998,
14412,
4887,
3470,
1998,
13079,
2135,
3249,
2887,
2749,
1999,
1996,
2645,
1997,
1996,
7802,
2712,
1012,
2122,
14222,
2419,
2000,
1996,
8172,
1997,
1996,
2887,
3539,
2704,
1010,
5342,
3211,
2000,
5558,
1010,
1998,
3024,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2007,
2250,
7888,
2000,
4888,
11806,
3082,
9472,
4491,
2006,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"japanese",
"home",
"islands",
".",
"in",
"late",
"october",
",",
"american",
"forces",
"invaded",
"the",
"filipino",
"island",
"of",
"leyte",
";",
"soon",
"after",
",",
"allied",
"naval",
"forces",
"scored",
"another",
"large",
"victory",
"in",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"leyte",
"gulf",
",",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"largest",
"naval",
"battles",
"in",
"history",
".",
"on",
"16",
"december",
"1944",
",",
"germany",
"made",
"a",
"last",
"attempt",
"to",
"split",
"the",
"allies",
"on",
"the",
"western",
"front",
"by",
"using",
"most",
"of",
"its",
"remaining",
"reserves",
"to",
"launch",
"a",
"massive",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"in",
"the",
"arden",
"##nes",
"and",
"along",
"the",
"french",
"-",
"german",
"border",
",",
"hoping",
"to",
"en",
"##ci",
"##rcle",
"large",
"portions",
"of",
"western",
"allied",
"troops",
"and",
"prompt",
"a",
"political",
"settlement",
"after",
"capturing",
"their",
"primary",
"supply",
"port",
"at",
"antwerp",
".",
"by",
"16",
"january",
"1945",
",",
"this",
"offensive",
"had",
"been",
"repulsed",
"with",
"no",
"strategic",
"objectives",
"fulfilled",
".",
"in",
"italy",
",",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"remained",
"stale",
"##mate",
"##d",
"at",
"the",
"german",
"defensive",
"line",
".",
"in",
"mid",
"-",
"january",
"1945",
",",
"the",
"red",
"army",
"attacked",
"in",
"poland",
",",
"pushing",
"from",
"the",
"vis",
"##tula",
"to",
"the",
"oder",
"river",
"in",
"germany",
",",
"and",
"over",
"##ran",
"east",
"prussia",
".",
"on",
"4",
"february",
"soviet",
",",
"british",
",",
"and",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"leaders",
"met",
"for",
"the",
"ya",
"##lta",
"conference",
".",
"they",
"agreed",
"on",
"the",
"occupation",
"of",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"germany",
",",
"and",
"on",
"when",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"would",
"join",
"the",
"war",
"against",
"japan",
".",
"in",
"february",
",",
"the",
"soviets",
"entered",
"silesia",
"and",
"pomerania",
",",
"while",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"entered",
"western",
"germany",
"and",
"closed",
"to",
"the",
"rhine",
"river",
".",
"by",
"march",
",",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"crossed",
"the",
"rhine",
"north",
"and",
"south",
"of",
"the",
"ru",
"##hr",
",",
"en",
"##ci",
"##rc",
"##ling",
"the",
"german",
"army",
"group",
"b",
".",
"in",
"early",
"march",
",",
"in",
"an",
"attempt",
"to",
"protect",
"its",
"last",
"oil",
"reserves",
"in",
"hungary",
"and",
"re",
"##take",
"budapest",
",",
"germany",
"launched",
"its",
"last",
"major",
"offensive",
"against",
"soviet",
"troops",
"near",
"lake",
"bala",
"##ton",
".",
"within",
"two",
"weeks",
",",
"the",
"offensive",
"had",
"been",
"repulsed",
",",
"the",
"soviets",
"advanced",
"to",
"vienna",
",",
"and",
"captured",
"the",
"city",
".",
"in",
"early",
"april",
",",
"soviet",
"troops",
"captured",
"ko",
"##nig",
"##sberg",
",",
"while",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"finally",
"pushed",
"forward",
"in",
"italy",
"and",
"swept",
"across",
"western",
"germany",
"capturing",
"hamburg",
"and",
"nuremberg",
".",
"american",
"and",
"soviet",
"forces",
"met",
"at",
"the",
"el",
"##be",
"river",
"on",
"25",
"april",
",",
"leaving",
"uno",
"##cc",
"##up",
"##ied",
"pockets",
"in",
"southern",
"germany",
"and",
"around",
"berlin",
".",
"soviet",
"troops",
"stormed",
"and",
"captured",
"berlin",
"in",
"late",
"april",
".",
"in",
"italy",
",",
"german",
"forces",
"surrendered",
"on",
"29",
"april",
",",
"while",
"the",
"italian",
"social",
"republic",
"cap",
"##it",
"##ulated",
"two",
"days",
"later",
".",
"on",
"30",
"april",
",",
"the",
"reich",
"##sta",
"##g",
"was",
"captured",
",",
"signalling",
"the",
"military",
"defeat",
"of",
"nazi",
"germany",
".",
"major",
"changes",
"in",
"leadership",
"occurred",
"on",
"both",
"sides",
"during",
"this",
"period",
".",
"on",
"12",
"april",
",",
"president",
"roosevelt",
"died",
"and",
"was",
"succeeded",
"by",
"his",
"vice",
"president",
",",
"harry",
"s",
".",
"truman",
".",
"benito",
"mussolini",
"was",
"killed",
"by",
"italian",
"partisans",
"on",
"28",
"april",
".",
"on",
"30",
"april",
",",
"hitler",
"committed",
"suicide",
"in",
"his",
"headquarters",
",",
"and",
"was",
"succeeded",
"by",
"grand",
"admiral",
"karl",
"don",
"##itz",
"(",
"as",
"president"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 11,
"end_token_idx": 17,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"the",
"filipino",
"island",
"of",
"leyte"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 30,
"end_token_idx": 34,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"leyte",
"gulf"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 71,
"end_token_idx": 80,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge",
"tokens": [
"a",
"massive",
"counter",
"-",
"offensive",
"in",
"the",
"arden",
"##nes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 81,
"end_token_idx": 87,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Northwind_(1944)",
"tokens": [
"along",
"the",
"french",
"-",
"german",
"border"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 111,
"end_token_idx": 112,
"identifier": "/wiki/Antwerp",
"tokens": [
"antwerp"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 158,
"end_token_idx": 166,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive",
"tokens": [
"pushing",
"from",
"the",
"vis",
"##tula",
"to",
"the",
"oder"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 171,
"end_token_idx": 175,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_Prussian_offensive",
"tokens": [
"over",
"##ran",
"east",
"prussia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 192,
"end_token_idx": 195,
"identifier": "/wiki/Yalta_Conference",
"tokens": [
"ya",
"##lta",
"conference"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 225,
"end_token_idx": 227,
"identifier": "/wiki/Silesian_offensives",
"tokens": [
"entered",
"silesia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 228,
"end_token_idx": 229,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_Pomeranian_offensive",
"tokens": [
"pomerania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 232,
"end_token_idx": 237,
"identifier": "/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany",
"tokens": [
"western",
"allies",
"entered",
"western",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 242,
"identifier": "/wiki/Rhine",
"tokens": [
"rhine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 253,
"end_token_idx": 254,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Plunder",
"tokens": [
"north"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 255,
"end_token_idx": 256,
"identifier": "/wiki/Remagen",
"tokens": [
"south"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 258,
"end_token_idx": 260,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ruhr_(river)",
"tokens": [
"ru",
"##hr"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 270,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ruhr_pocket",
"tokens": [
"en",
"##ci",
"##rc",
"##ling",
"the",
"german",
"army",
"group",
"b"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 293,
"end_token_idx": 297,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening",
"tokens": [
"its",
"last",
"major",
"offensive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 301,
"end_token_idx": 304,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lake_Balaton",
"tokens": [
"lake",
"bala",
"##ton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 319,
"end_token_idx": 320,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vienna_offensive",
"tokens": [
"vienna"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 332,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg",
"tokens": [
"captured",
"ko",
"##nig",
"##sberg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 342,
"end_token_idx": 346,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy",
"tokens": [
"pushed",
"forward",
"in",
"italy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 352,
"end_token_idx": 353,
"identifier": "/wiki/Capture_of_Hamburg",
"tokens": [
"hamburg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 354,
"end_token_idx": 355,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Nuremberg_(1945)",
"tokens": [
"nuremberg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 366,
"identifier": "/wiki/Elbe_Day",
"tokens": [
"american",
"and",
"soviet",
"forces",
"met",
"at",
"the",
"el",
"##be",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 385,
"end_token_idx": 389,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin",
"tokens": [
"stormed",
"and",
"captured",
"berlin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 396,
"end_token_idx": 399,
"identifier": "/wiki/Surrender_of_Caserta",
"tokens": [
"german",
"forces",
"surrendered"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 405,
"end_token_idx": 408,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"social",
"republic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 420,
"end_token_idx": 423,
"identifier": "/wiki/Reichstag_building",
"tokens": [
"reich",
"##sta",
"##g"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 461,
"end_token_idx": 465,
"identifier": "/wiki/Harry_S._Truman",
"tokens": [
"harry",
"s",
".",
"truman"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 468,
"end_token_idx": 470,
"identifier": "/wiki/Death_of_Benito_Mussolini",
"tokens": [
"was",
"killed"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 471,
"end_token_idx": 473,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement",
"tokens": [
"italian",
"partisans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 481,
"end_token_idx": 484,
"identifier": "/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler",
"tokens": [
"hitler",
"committed",
"suicide"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 486,
"end_token_idx": 487,
"identifier": "/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker",
"tokens": [
"headquarters"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 492,
"end_token_idx": 494,
"identifier": "/wiki/Grand_Admiral",
"tokens": [
"grand",
"admiral"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 494,
"end_token_idx": 497,
"identifier": "/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz",
"tokens": [
"karl",
"don",
"##itz"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
2887,
2188,
3470,
1012,
1999,
2397,
2255,
1010,
2137,
2749,
10836,
1996,
10275,
2479,
1997,
27214,
1025,
2574,
2044,
1010,
6035,
3987,
2749,
3195,
2178,
2312,
3377,
1999,
1996,
2645,
1997,
27214,
6084,
1010,
2028,
1997,
1996,
2922,
3987,
7465,
1999,
2381,
1012,
2006,
2385,
2285,
3646,
1010,
2762,
2081,
1037,
2197,
3535,
2000,
3975,
1996,
6956,
2006,
1996,
2530,
2392,
2011,
2478,
2087,
1997,
2049,
3588,
8269,
2000,
4888,
1037,
5294,
4675,
1011,
5805,
1999,
1996,
26225,
5267,
1998,
2247,
1996,
2413,
1011,
2446,
3675,
1010,
5327,
2000,
4372,
6895,
21769,
2312,
8810,
1997,
2530,
6035,
3629,
1998,
25732,
1037,
2576,
4093,
2044,
11847,
2037,
3078,
4425,
3417,
2012,
14003,
1012,
2011,
2385,
2254,
3386,
1010,
2023,
5805,
2018,
2042,
24571,
2007,
2053,
6143,
11100,
16829,
1012,
1999,
3304,
1010,
1996,
2530,
6956,
2815,
26729,
8585,
2094,
2012,
1996,
2446,
5600,
2240,
1012,
1999,
3054,
1011,
2254,
3386,
1010,
1996,
2417,
2390,
4457,
1999,
3735,
1010,
6183,
2013,
1996,
25292,
28970,
2000,
1996,
27215,
2314,
1999,
2762,
1010,
1998,
2058,
5521,
2264,
10724,
1012,
2006,
1018,
2337,
3354,
1010,
2329,
1010,
1998,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
4177,
2777,
2005,
1996,
8038,
24458,
3034,
1012,
2027,
3530,
2006,
1996,
6139,
1997,
2695,
1011,
2162,
2762,
1010,
1998,
2006,
2043,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2052,
3693,
1996,
2162,
2114,
2900,
1012,
1999,
2337,
1010,
1996,
15269,
3133,
21872,
1998,
18631,
1010,
2096,
1996,
2530,
6956,
3133,
2530,
2762,
1998,
2701,
2000,
1996,
10950,
2314,
1012,
2011,
2233,
1010,
1996,
2530,
6956,
4625,
1996,
10950,
2167,
1998,
2148,
1997,
1996,
21766,
8093,
1010,
4372,
6895,
11890,
2989,
1996,
2446,
2390,
2177,
1038,
1012,
1999,
2220,
2233,
1010,
1999,
2019,
3535,
2000,
4047,
2049,
2197,
3514,
8269,
1999,
5872,
1998,
2128,
15166,
10926,
1010,
2762,
3390,
2049,
2197,
2350,
5805,
2114,
3354,
3629,
2379,
2697,
21451,
2669,
1012,
2306,
2048,
3134,
1010,
1996,
5805,
2018,
2042,
24571,
1010,
1996,
15269,
3935,
2000,
6004,
1010,
1998,
4110,
1996,
2103,
1012,
1999,
2220,
2258,
1010,
3354,
3629,
4110,
12849,
25518,
11711,
1010,
2096,
1996,
2530,
6956,
2633,
3724,
2830,
1999,
3304,
1998,
7260,
2408,
2530,
2762,
11847,
8719,
1998,
19346,
1012,
2137,
1998,
3354,
2749,
2777,
2012,
1996,
3449,
4783,
2314,
2006,
2423,
2258,
1010,
2975,
27776,
9468,
6279,
6340,
10306,
1999,
2670,
2762,
1998,
2105,
4068,
1012,
3354,
3629,
16201,
1998,
4110,
4068,
1999,
2397,
2258,
1012,
1999,
3304,
1010,
2446,
2749,
10795,
2006,
2756,
2258,
1010,
2096,
1996,
3059,
2591,
3072,
6178,
4183,
8898,
2048,
2420,
2101,
1012,
2006,
2382,
2258,
1010,
1996,
14365,
9153,
2290,
2001,
4110,
1010,
21919,
1996,
2510,
4154,
1997,
6394,
2762,
1012,
2350,
3431,
1999,
4105,
4158,
2006,
2119,
3903,
2076,
2023,
2558,
1012,
2006,
2260,
2258,
1010,
2343,
8573,
2351,
1998,
2001,
4594,
2011,
2010,
3580,
2343,
1010,
4302,
1055,
1012,
15237,
1012,
23595,
22554,
2001,
2730,
2011,
3059,
20762,
2006,
2654,
2258,
1012,
2006,
2382,
2258,
1010,
8042,
5462,
5920,
1999,
2010,
4075,
1010,
1998,
2001,
4594,
2011,
2882,
5902,
6382,
2123,
8838,
1006,
2004,
2343,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"of",
"the",
"reich",
")",
"and",
"joseph",
"go",
"##eb",
"##bel",
"##s",
"(",
"as",
"chancellor",
"of",
"the",
"reich",
")",
";",
"go",
"##eb",
"##bel",
"##s",
"also",
"committed",
"suicide",
"on",
"the",
"following",
"day",
"and",
"was",
"replaced",
"by",
"lu",
"##tz",
"graf",
"sc",
"##h",
"##wer",
"##in",
"von",
"k",
"##ros",
"##ig",
"##k",
",",
"in",
"what",
"would",
"later",
"be",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"fl",
"##ensburg",
"government",
".",
"total",
"and",
"un",
"##con",
"##ditional",
"surrender",
"in",
"europe",
"was",
"signed",
"on",
"7",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"and",
"8",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"may",
",",
"to",
"be",
"effective",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"8",
"may",
".",
"german",
"army",
"group",
"centre",
"resisted",
"in",
"prague",
"until",
"11",
"may",
".",
"on",
"23",
"may",
"all",
"remaining",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"german",
"government",
"were",
"arrested",
"by",
"the",
"allied",
"forces",
"in",
"fl",
"##ensburg",
",",
"while",
"on",
"5",
"june",
"all",
"german",
"political",
"and",
"military",
"institutions",
"were",
"transferred",
"under",
"the",
"control",
"of",
"the",
"allies",
"through",
"the",
"berlin",
"declaration",
".",
"in",
"the",
"pacific",
"theatre",
",",
"american",
"forces",
"accompanied",
"by",
"the",
"forces",
"of",
"the",
"philippine",
"commonwealth",
"advanced",
"in",
"the",
"philippines",
",",
"clearing",
"leyte",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"april",
"1945",
".",
"they",
"landed",
"on",
"luzon",
"in",
"january",
"1945",
"and",
"recaptured",
"manila",
"in",
"march",
".",
"fighting",
"continued",
"on",
"luzon",
",",
"mindanao",
",",
"and",
"other",
"islands",
"of",
"the",
"philippines",
"until",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
".",
"meanwhile",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"army",
"air",
"forces",
"launched",
"a",
"massive",
"fire",
"##bo",
"##mb",
"##ing",
"campaign",
"of",
"strategic",
"cities",
"in",
"japan",
"in",
"an",
"effort",
"to",
"destroy",
"japanese",
"war",
"industry",
"and",
"civilian",
"morale",
".",
"a",
"devastating",
"bombing",
"raid",
"on",
"tokyo",
"of",
"9",
"–",
"10",
"march",
"was",
"the",
"dead",
"##liest",
"conventional",
"bombing",
"raid",
"in",
"history",
".",
"in",
"may",
"1945",
",",
"australian",
"troops",
"landed",
"in",
"borneo",
",",
"overrun",
"##ning",
"the",
"oil",
"##fields",
"there",
".",
"british",
",",
"american",
",",
"and",
"chinese",
"forces",
"defeated",
"the",
"japanese",
"in",
"northern",
"burma",
"in",
"march",
",",
"and",
"the",
"british",
"pushed",
"on",
"to",
"reach",
"rang",
"##oon",
"by",
"3",
"may",
".",
"chinese",
"forces",
"started",
"a",
"counterattack",
"in",
"the",
"battle",
"of",
"west",
"hunan",
"that",
"occurred",
"between",
"6",
"april",
"and",
"7",
"june",
"1945",
".",
"american",
"naval",
"and",
"amphibious",
"forces",
"also",
"moved",
"towards",
"japan",
",",
"taking",
"i",
"##wo",
"jim",
"##a",
"by",
"march",
",",
"and",
"okinawa",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"june",
".",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
",",
"a",
"naval",
"blockade",
"by",
"submarines",
"was",
"st",
"##rang",
"##ling",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"economy",
"and",
"drastically",
"reducing",
"its",
"ability",
"to",
"supply",
"overseas",
"forces",
".",
"on",
"11",
"july",
",",
"allied",
"leaders",
"met",
"in",
"potsdam",
",",
"germany",
".",
"they",
"confirmed",
"earlier",
"agreements",
"about",
"germany",
",",
"and",
"the",
"american",
",",
"british",
"and",
"chinese",
"governments",
"reiterated",
"the",
"demand",
"for",
"un",
"##con",
"##ditional",
"surrender",
"of",
"japan",
",",
"specifically",
"stating",
"that",
"\"",
"the",
"alternative",
"for",
"japan",
"is",
"prompt",
"and",
"utter",
"destruction",
"\"",
".",
"during",
"this",
"conference",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"held",
"its",
"general",
"election",
",",
"and",
"clement",
"at",
"##tle",
"##e",
"replaced",
"churchill",
"as",
"prime",
"minister",
".",
"the",
"call",
"for",
"un",
"##con",
"##ditional",
"surrender",
"was",
"rejected",
"by",
"the",
"japanese",
"government",
",",
"which",
"believed",
"it",
"would",
"be",
"capable",
"of"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 5,
"end_token_idx": 10,
"identifier": "/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels",
"tokens": [
"joseph",
"go",
"##eb",
"##bel",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 12,
"end_token_idx": 16,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Reich",
"tokens": [
"chancellor",
"of",
"the",
"reich"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 33,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk",
"tokens": [
"lu",
"##tz",
"graf",
"sc",
"##h",
"##wer",
"##in",
"von",
"k",
"##ros",
"##ig",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 54,
"end_token_idx": 57,
"identifier": "/wiki/Flensburg_Government",
"tokens": [
"fl",
"##ensburg",
"government"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 58,
"end_token_idx": 64,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender",
"tokens": [
"total",
"and",
"un",
"##con",
"##ditional",
"surrender"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 68,
"end_token_idx": 101,
"identifier": "/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day",
"tokens": [
"on",
"7",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"and",
"8",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"may"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 109,
"end_token_idx": 111,
"identifier": "/wiki/Victory_Day_(9_May)",
"tokens": [
"8",
"may"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 116,
"end_token_idx": 119,
"identifier": "/wiki/Prague_offensive",
"tokens": [
"resisted",
"in",
"prague"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 140,
"end_token_idx": 142,
"identifier": "/wiki/Flensburg",
"tokens": [
"fl",
"##ensburg"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 163,
"end_token_idx": 165,
"identifier": "/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(1945)",
"tokens": [
"berlin",
"declaration"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 181,
"identifier": "/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines",
"tokens": [
"philippine",
"commonwealth"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 182,
"end_token_idx": 185,
"identifier": "/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)",
"tokens": [
"in",
"the",
"philippines"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 186,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte",
"tokens": [
"clearing",
"leyte"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 196,
"end_token_idx": 199,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Luzon",
"tokens": [
"landed",
"on",
"luzon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 203,
"end_token_idx": 205,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)",
"tokens": [
"recaptured",
"manila"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 213,
"end_token_idx": 214,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Mindanao",
"tokens": [
"mindanao"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 223,
"end_token_idx": 227,
"identifier": "/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia",
"tokens": [
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 231,
"end_token_idx": 236,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces",
"tokens": [
"united",
"states",
"army",
"air",
"forces"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 237,
"end_token_idx": 244,
"identifier": "/wiki/Air_raids_on_Japan",
"tokens": [
"a",
"massive",
"fire",
"##bo",
"##mb",
"##ing",
"campaign"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 263,
"end_token_idx": 272,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bombing_of_Tokyo",
"tokens": [
"bombing",
"raid",
"on",
"tokyo",
"of",
"9",
"–",
"10",
"march"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 288,
"end_token_idx": 291,
"identifier": "/wiki/Borneo_campaign",
"tokens": [
"landed",
"in",
"borneo"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 311,
"end_token_idx": 312,
"identifier": "/wiki/Burma_campaign",
"tokens": [
"burma"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 322,
"end_token_idx": 324,
"identifier": "/wiki/Yangon",
"tokens": [
"rang",
"##oon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 335,
"end_token_idx": 339,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan",
"tokens": [
"battle",
"of",
"west",
"hunan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 360,
"end_token_idx": 364,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima",
"tokens": [
"i",
"##wo",
"jim",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 368,
"end_token_idx": 369,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa",
"tokens": [
"okinawa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 384,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied_submarines_in_the_Pacific_War",
"tokens": [
"submarines"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 409,
"end_token_idx": 414,
"identifier": "/wiki/Potsdam_Conference",
"tokens": [
"met",
"in",
"potsdam",
",",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 416,
"end_token_idx": 419,
"identifier": "/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement",
"tokens": [
"confirmed",
"earlier",
"agreements"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 445,
"end_token_idx": 454,
"identifier": "/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration",
"tokens": [
"the",
"alternative",
"for",
"japan",
"is",
"prompt",
"and",
"utter",
"destruction"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 463,
"end_token_idx": 467,
"identifier": "/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election",
"tokens": [
"held",
"its",
"general",
"election"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 469,
"end_token_idx": 473,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clement_Attlee",
"tokens": [
"clement",
"at",
"##tle",
"##e"
]
}
] | [
101,
1997,
1996,
14365,
1007,
1998,
3312,
2175,
15878,
8671,
2015,
1006,
2004,
7306,
1997,
1996,
14365,
1007,
1025,
2175,
15878,
8671,
2015,
2036,
5462,
5920,
2006,
1996,
2206,
2154,
1998,
2001,
2999,
2011,
11320,
5753,
22160,
8040,
2232,
13777,
2378,
3854,
1047,
7352,
8004,
2243,
1010,
1999,
2054,
2052,
2101,
2022,
2124,
2004,
1996,
13109,
28812,
2231,
1012,
2561,
1998,
4895,
8663,
27064,
7806,
1999,
2885,
2001,
2772,
2006,
1021,
1026,
8487,
2465,
1027,
1000,
2085,
2527,
2361,
1000,
1028,
1026,
1013,
8487,
1028,
1998,
1022,
1026,
8487,
2465,
1027,
1000,
2085,
2527,
2361,
1000,
1028,
1026,
1013,
8487,
1028,
2089,
1010,
2000,
2022,
4621,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1022,
2089,
1012,
2446,
2390,
2177,
2803,
13335,
1999,
8634,
2127,
2340,
2089,
1012,
2006,
2603,
2089,
2035,
3588,
2372,
1997,
1996,
2446,
2231,
2020,
4727,
2011,
1996,
6035,
2749,
1999,
13109,
28812,
1010,
2096,
2006,
1019,
2238,
2035,
2446,
2576,
1998,
2510,
4896,
2020,
4015,
2104,
1996,
2491,
1997,
1996,
6956,
2083,
1996,
4068,
8170,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3534,
3004,
1010,
2137,
2749,
5642,
2011,
1996,
2749,
1997,
1996,
7802,
5663,
3935,
1999,
1996,
5137,
1010,
8430,
27214,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2258,
3386,
1012,
2027,
5565,
2006,
21622,
1999,
2254,
3386,
1998,
23838,
9011,
1999,
2233,
1012,
3554,
2506,
2006,
21622,
1010,
23669,
1010,
1998,
2060,
3470,
1997,
1996,
5137,
2127,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1012,
5564,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2390,
2250,
2749,
3390,
1037,
5294,
2543,
5092,
14905,
2075,
3049,
1997,
6143,
3655,
1999,
2900,
1999,
2019,
3947,
2000,
6033,
2887,
2162,
3068,
1998,
6831,
19292,
1012,
1037,
14886,
8647,
8118,
2006,
5522,
1997,
1023,
1516,
2184,
2233,
2001,
1996,
2757,
21292,
7511,
8647,
8118,
1999,
2381,
1012,
1999,
2089,
3386,
1010,
2827,
3629,
5565,
1999,
15688,
1010,
24672,
5582,
1996,
3514,
15155,
2045,
1012,
2329,
1010,
2137,
1010,
1998,
2822,
2749,
3249,
1996,
2887,
1999,
2642,
11050,
1999,
2233,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2329,
3724,
2006,
2000,
3362,
8369,
7828,
2011,
1017,
2089,
1012,
2822,
2749,
2318,
1037,
27835,
1999,
1996,
2645,
1997,
2225,
27374,
2008,
4158,
2090,
1020,
2258,
1998,
1021,
2238,
3386,
1012,
2137,
3987,
1998,
16182,
2749,
2036,
2333,
2875,
2900,
1010,
2635,
1045,
12155,
3958,
2050,
2011,
2233,
1010,
1998,
15052,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
2238,
1012,
2012,
1996,
2168,
2051,
1010,
1037,
3987,
15823,
2011,
12622,
2001,
2358,
24388,
2989,
2900,
1005,
1055,
4610,
1998,
21040,
8161,
2049,
3754,
2000,
4425,
6931,
2749,
1012,
2006,
2340,
2251,
1010,
6035,
4177,
2777,
1999,
26554,
1010,
2762,
1012,
2027,
4484,
3041,
10540,
2055,
2762,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2137,
1010,
2329,
1998,
2822,
6867,
28960,
1996,
5157,
2005,
4895,
8663,
27064,
7806,
1997,
2900,
1010,
4919,
5517,
2008,
1000,
1996,
4522,
2005,
2900,
2003,
25732,
1998,
14395,
6215,
1000,
1012,
2076,
2023,
3034,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
2218,
2049,
2236,
2602,
1010,
1998,
12223,
2012,
9286,
2063,
2999,
10888,
2004,
3539,
2704,
1012,
1996,
2655,
2005,
4895,
8663,
27064,
7806,
2001,
5837,
2011,
1996,
2887,
2231,
1010,
2029,
3373,
2009,
2052,
2022,
5214,
1997,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"negotiating",
"for",
"more",
"favourable",
"surrender",
"terms",
".",
"in",
"early",
"august",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"dropped",
"atomic",
"bombs",
"on",
"the",
"japanese",
"cities",
"of",
"hiroshima",
"and",
"nagasaki",
".",
"between",
"the",
"two",
"bombings",
",",
"the",
"soviets",
",",
"pursuant",
"to",
"the",
"ya",
"##lta",
"agreement",
",",
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"japan",
",",
"invaded",
"japanese",
"-",
"held",
"manchu",
"##ria",
"and",
"quickly",
"defeated",
"the",
"kwan",
"##tung",
"army",
",",
"which",
"was",
"the",
"largest",
"japanese",
"fighting",
"force",
".",
"these",
"two",
"events",
"persuaded",
"previously",
"adamant",
"imperial",
"army",
"leaders",
"to",
"accept",
"surrender",
"terms",
".",
"the",
"red",
"army",
"also",
"captured",
"the",
"southern",
"part",
"of",
"sa",
"##kha",
"##lin",
"island",
"and",
"the",
"ku",
"##ril",
"islands",
".",
"on",
"the",
"night",
"of",
"9",
"–",
"10",
"august",
"1945",
",",
"emperor",
"hi",
"##ro",
"##hit",
"##o",
"announced",
"his",
"decision",
"to",
"accept",
"the",
"terms",
"demanded",
"by",
"the",
"allies",
"in",
"the",
"potsdam",
"declaration",
".",
"on",
"15",
"august",
",",
"the",
"emperor",
"communicated",
"this",
"decision",
"to",
"the",
"japanese",
"people",
"through",
"a",
"speech",
"broadcast",
"on",
"the",
"radio",
"(",
"<",
"i",
">",
"g",
"##yo",
"##ku",
"##on",
"-",
"ho",
"##so",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
",",
"literally",
"\"",
"broadcast",
"in",
"the",
"emperor",
"'",
"s",
"voice",
"\"",
")",
".",
"on",
"15",
"august",
"1945",
",",
"japan",
"surrendered",
",",
"with",
"the",
"surrender",
"documents",
"finally",
"signed",
"at",
"tokyo",
"bay",
"on",
"the",
"deck",
"of",
"the",
"american",
"battleship",
"uss",
"<",
"i",
">",
"missouri",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">",
"on",
"2",
"september",
"1945",
",",
"ending",
"the",
"war",
".",
"the",
"allies",
"established",
"occupation",
"administrations",
"in",
"austria",
"and",
"germany",
",",
"both",
"initially",
"divided",
"between",
"western",
"and",
"eastern",
"occupation",
"zones",
"controlled",
"by",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"however",
",",
"their",
"paths",
"soon",
"diver",
"##ged",
".",
"in",
"germany",
",",
"the",
"western",
"and",
"eastern",
"occupation",
"zones",
"controlled",
"by",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"officially",
"ended",
"in",
"1949",
",",
"with",
"the",
"respective",
"zones",
"becoming",
"separate",
"countries",
",",
"west",
"germany",
"and",
"east",
"germany",
".",
"in",
"austria",
",",
"however",
",",
"occupation",
"continued",
"until",
"1955",
",",
"when",
"a",
"joint",
"settlement",
"between",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"permitted",
"the",
"reunification",
"of",
"austria",
"as",
"a",
"democratic",
"state",
"officially",
"non",
"-",
"aligned",
"with",
"any",
"political",
"bloc",
"(",
"although",
"in",
"practice",
"having",
"better",
"relations",
"with",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
")",
".",
"a",
"den",
"##azi",
"##fication",
"program",
"in",
"germany",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"prosecution",
"of",
"nazi",
"war",
"criminals",
"in",
"the",
"nuremberg",
"trials",
"and",
"the",
"removal",
"of",
"ex",
"-",
"nazis",
"from",
"power",
",",
"although",
"this",
"policy",
"moved",
"towards",
"amnesty",
"and",
"re",
"-",
"integration",
"of",
"ex",
"-",
"nazis",
"into",
"west",
"german",
"society",
".",
"germany",
"lost",
"a",
"quarter",
"of",
"its",
"pre",
"-",
"war",
"(",
"1937",
")",
"territory",
".",
"among",
"the",
"eastern",
"territories",
",",
"silesia",
",",
"ne",
"##uma",
"##rk",
"and",
"most",
"of",
"pomerania",
"were",
"taken",
"over",
"by",
"poland",
",",
"and",
"east",
"prussia",
"was",
"divided",
"between",
"poland",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"the",
"expulsion",
"to",
"germany",
"of",
"the",
"nine",
"million",
"germans",
"from",
"these",
"provinces",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"three",
"million",
"germans",
"from",
"the",
"sud",
"##ete",
"##nl",
"##and",
"in",
"czechoslovakia",
".",
"by",
"the",
"1950s",
",",
"one",
"-",
"fifth",
"of",
"west",
"germans",
"were",
"refugees",
"from",
"the",
"east",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"also",
"took",
"over",
"the",
"polish",
"provinces",
"east"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 14,
"end_token_idx": 17,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki",
"tokens": [
"dropped",
"atomic",
"bombs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 22,
"end_token_idx": 23,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hiroshima",
"tokens": [
"hiroshima"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 24,
"end_token_idx": 25,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nagasaki",
"tokens": [
"nagasaki"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 41,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War",
"tokens": [
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 46,
"end_token_idx": 52,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria",
"tokens": [
"invaded",
"japanese",
"-",
"held",
"manchu",
"##ria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 59,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kwantung_Army",
"tokens": [
"kwan",
"##tung",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 88,
"end_token_idx": 95,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin",
"tokens": [
"southern",
"part",
"of",
"sa",
"##kha",
"##lin",
"island"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 97,
"end_token_idx": 100,
"identifier": "/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands",
"tokens": [
"ku",
"##ril",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 112,
"end_token_idx": 116,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hirohito",
"tokens": [
"hi",
"##ro",
"##hit",
"##o"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 129,
"end_token_idx": 131,
"identifier": "/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration",
"tokens": [
"potsdam",
"declaration"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 153,
"end_token_idx": 167,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hirohito_surrender_broadcast",
"tokens": [
"<",
"i",
">",
"g",
"##yo",
"##ku",
"##on",
"-",
"ho",
"##so",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 185,
"end_token_idx": 187,
"identifier": "/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan",
"tokens": [
"japan",
"surrendered"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 190,
"end_token_idx": 192,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender",
"tokens": [
"surrender",
"documents"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 195,
"end_token_idx": 197,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tokyo_Bay",
"tokens": [
"tokyo",
"bay"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 204,
"end_token_idx": 213,
"identifier": "/wiki/USS_Missouri_(BB-63)",
"tokens": [
"uss",
"<",
"i",
">",
"missouri",
"<",
"/",
"i",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 228,
"end_token_idx": 229,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied-occupied_Austria",
"tokens": [
"austria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 230,
"end_token_idx": 231,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany",
"tokens": [
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 265,
"end_token_idx": 266,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trizone",
"tokens": [
"western"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 267,
"end_token_idx": 270,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_occupation_zone_in_Germany",
"tokens": [
"eastern",
"occupation",
"zones"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 292,
"end_token_idx": 294,
"identifier": "/wiki/West_Germany",
"tokens": [
"west",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 295,
"end_token_idx": 297,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_Germany",
"tokens": [
"east",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 351,
"end_token_idx": 354,
"identifier": "/wiki/Denazification",
"tokens": [
"den",
"##azi",
"##fication"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 367,
"end_token_idx": 369,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nuremberg_trials",
"tokens": [
"nuremberg",
"trials"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 417,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/Silesia",
"tokens": [
"silesia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 419,
"end_token_idx": 422,
"identifier": "/wiki/Neumark",
"tokens": [
"ne",
"##uma",
"##rk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 425,
"end_token_idx": 426,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pomerania",
"tokens": [
"pomerania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 433,
"end_token_idx": 435,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_Prussia",
"tokens": [
"east",
"prussia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 447,
"end_token_idx": 450,
"identifier": "/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)",
"tokens": [
"expulsion",
"to",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 467,
"end_token_idx": 471,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sudetenland",
"tokens": [
"sud",
"##ete",
"##nl",
"##and"
]
}
] | [
101,
18875,
2005,
2062,
18731,
7806,
3408,
1012,
1999,
2220,
2257,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
3333,
9593,
9767,
2006,
1996,
2887,
3655,
1997,
20168,
1998,
27107,
1012,
2090,
1996,
2048,
20109,
1010,
1996,
15269,
1010,
27081,
2000,
1996,
8038,
24458,
3820,
1010,
4161,
2162,
2006,
2900,
1010,
10836,
2887,
1011,
2218,
26650,
4360,
1998,
2855,
3249,
1996,
27741,
21847,
2390,
1010,
2029,
2001,
1996,
2922,
2887,
3554,
2486,
1012,
2122,
2048,
2824,
11766,
3130,
29502,
4461,
2390,
4177,
2000,
5138,
7806,
3408,
1012,
1996,
2417,
2390,
2036,
4110,
1996,
2670,
2112,
1997,
7842,
15256,
4115,
2479,
1998,
1996,
13970,
15928,
3470,
1012,
2006,
1996,
2305,
1997,
1023,
1516,
2184,
2257,
3386,
1010,
3750,
7632,
3217,
16584,
2080,
2623,
2010,
3247,
2000,
5138,
1996,
3408,
6303,
2011,
1996,
6956,
1999,
1996,
26554,
8170,
1012,
2006,
2321,
2257,
1010,
1996,
3750,
24162,
2023,
3247,
2000,
1996,
2887,
2111,
2083,
1037,
4613,
3743,
2006,
1996,
2557,
1006,
1026,
1045,
1028,
1043,
7677,
5283,
2239,
1011,
7570,
6499,
1026,
1013,
1045,
1028,
1010,
6719,
1000,
3743,
1999,
1996,
3750,
1005,
1055,
2376,
1000,
1007,
1012,
2006,
2321,
2257,
3386,
1010,
2900,
10795,
1010,
2007,
1996,
7806,
5491,
2633,
2772,
2012,
5522,
3016,
2006,
1996,
5877,
1997,
1996,
2137,
17224,
7234,
1026,
1045,
1028,
5284,
1026,
1013,
1045,
1028,
2006,
1016,
2244,
3386,
1010,
4566,
1996,
2162,
1012,
1996,
6956,
2511,
6139,
27722,
1999,
5118,
1998,
2762,
1010,
2119,
3322,
4055,
2090,
2530,
1998,
2789,
6139,
10019,
4758,
2011,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
4414,
1012,
2174,
1010,
2037,
10425,
2574,
17856,
5999,
1012,
1999,
2762,
1010,
1996,
2530,
1998,
2789,
6139,
10019,
4758,
2011,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
3985,
3092,
1999,
4085,
1010,
2007,
1996,
7972,
10019,
3352,
3584,
3032,
1010,
2225,
2762,
1998,
2264,
2762,
1012,
1999,
5118,
1010,
2174,
1010,
6139,
2506,
2127,
3982,
1010,
2043,
1037,
4101,
4093,
2090,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
7936,
1996,
28044,
1997,
5118,
2004,
1037,
3537,
2110,
3985,
2512,
1011,
13115,
2007,
2151,
2576,
15984,
1006,
2348,
1999,
3218,
2383,
2488,
4262,
2007,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1007,
1012,
1037,
7939,
16103,
10803,
2565,
1999,
2762,
2419,
2000,
1996,
11537,
1997,
6394,
2162,
12290,
1999,
1996,
19346,
7012,
1998,
1996,
8208,
1997,
4654,
1011,
13157,
2013,
2373,
1010,
2348,
2023,
3343,
2333,
2875,
16154,
1998,
2128,
1011,
8346,
1997,
4654,
1011,
13157,
2046,
2225,
2446,
2554,
1012,
2762,
2439,
1037,
4284,
1997,
2049,
3653,
1011,
2162,
1006,
4347,
1007,
3700,
1012,
2426,
1996,
2789,
6500,
1010,
21872,
1010,
11265,
12248,
8024,
1998,
2087,
1997,
18631,
2020,
2579,
2058,
2011,
3735,
1010,
1998,
2264,
10724,
2001,
4055,
2090,
3735,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
2628,
2011,
1996,
18272,
2000,
2762,
1997,
1996,
3157,
2454,
7074,
2013,
2122,
6941,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
2093,
2454,
7074,
2013,
1996,
19219,
12870,
20554,
5685,
1999,
12833,
1012,
2011,
1996,
4856,
1010,
2028,
1011,
3587,
1997,
2225,
7074,
2020,
8711,
2013,
1996,
2264,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2036,
2165,
2058,
1996,
3907,
6941,
2264,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"of",
"the",
"cu",
"##rz",
"##on",
"line",
",",
"from",
"which",
"2",
"million",
"poles",
"were",
"expelled",
";",
"north",
"-",
"east",
"romania",
",",
"parts",
"of",
"eastern",
"finland",
",",
"and",
"the",
"baltic",
"states",
"were",
"annexed",
"into",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
".",
"italy",
"lost",
"its",
"monarchy",
",",
"colonial",
"empire",
"and",
"some",
"european",
"territories",
".",
"in",
"an",
"effort",
"to",
"maintain",
"world",
"peace",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"formed",
"the",
"united",
"nations",
",",
"which",
"officially",
"came",
"into",
"existence",
"on",
"24",
"october",
"1945",
",",
"and",
"adopted",
"the",
"universal",
"declaration",
"of",
"human",
"rights",
"in",
"1948",
"as",
"a",
"common",
"standard",
"for",
"all",
"member",
"nations",
".",
"the",
"great",
"powers",
"that",
"were",
"the",
"victor",
"##s",
"of",
"the",
"war",
"—",
"france",
",",
"china",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
",",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"—",
"became",
"the",
"permanent",
"members",
"of",
"the",
"un",
"'",
"s",
"security",
"council",
".",
"the",
"five",
"permanent",
"members",
"remain",
"so",
"to",
"the",
"present",
",",
"although",
"there",
"have",
"been",
"two",
"seat",
"changes",
",",
"between",
"the",
"republic",
"of",
"china",
"and",
"the",
"people",
"'",
"s",
"republic",
"of",
"china",
"in",
"1971",
",",
"and",
"between",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"and",
"its",
"successor",
"state",
",",
"the",
"russian",
"federation",
",",
"following",
"the",
"dissolution",
"of",
"the",
"ussr",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"the",
"alliance",
"between",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"had",
"begun",
"to",
"deter",
"##ior",
"##ate",
"even",
"before",
"the",
"war",
"was",
"over",
".",
"besides",
"germany",
",",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"europe",
"was",
"also",
"divided",
"into",
"western",
"and",
"soviet",
"spheres",
"of",
"influence",
".",
"most",
"eastern",
"and",
"central",
"european",
"countries",
"fell",
"into",
"the",
"soviet",
"sphere",
",",
"which",
"led",
"to",
"establishment",
"of",
"communist",
"-",
"led",
"regimes",
",",
"with",
"full",
"or",
"partial",
"support",
"of",
"the",
"soviet",
"occupation",
"authorities",
".",
"as",
"a",
"result",
",",
"east",
"germany",
",",
"poland",
",",
"hungary",
",",
"romania",
",",
"bulgaria",
",",
"czechoslovakia",
",",
"and",
"albania",
"became",
"soviet",
"satellite",
"states",
".",
"communist",
"yugoslavia",
"conducted",
"a",
"fully",
"independent",
"policy",
",",
"causing",
"tension",
"with",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
".",
"a",
"communist",
"uprising",
"in",
"greece",
"was",
"put",
"down",
"with",
"anglo",
"-",
"american",
"support",
"and",
"the",
"country",
"remained",
"aligned",
"with",
"the",
"west",
".",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"division",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"was",
"formal",
"##ised",
"by",
"two",
"international",
"military",
"alliances",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"-",
"led",
"nato",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"-",
"led",
"warsaw",
"pact",
".",
"the",
"long",
"period",
"of",
"political",
"tensions",
"and",
"military",
"competition",
"between",
"them",
"—",
"the",
"cold",
"war",
"—",
"would",
"be",
"accompanied",
"by",
"an",
"unprecedented",
"arms",
"race",
"and",
"number",
"of",
"proxy",
"wars",
"throughout",
"the",
"world",
".",
"in",
"asia",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"led",
"the",
"occupation",
"of",
"japan",
"and",
"administered",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"former",
"islands",
"in",
"the",
"western",
"pacific",
",",
"while",
"the",
"soviets",
"annexed",
"south",
"sa",
"##kha",
"##lin",
"and",
"the",
"ku",
"##ril",
"islands",
".",
"korea",
",",
"formerly",
"under",
"japanese",
"colonial",
"rule",
",",
"was",
"divided",
"and",
"occupied",
"by",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"in",
"the",
"north",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"in",
"the",
"south",
"between",
"1945",
"and",
"1948",
".",
"separate",
"republics",
"emerged",
"on",
"both",
"sides",
"of",
"the",
"38th",
"parallel",
"in",
"1948",
",",
"each",
"claiming",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"legitimate",
"government",
"for",
"all",
"of",
"korea",
",",
"which",
"led",
"ultimately",
"to",
"the",
"korean",
"war",
".",
"in",
"china",
",",
"nationalist",
"and",
"communist",
"forces",
"resumed",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
"in"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 2,
"end_token_idx": 6,
"identifier": "/wiki/Curzon_Line",
"tokens": [
"cu",
"##rz",
"##on",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 9,
"end_token_idx": 14,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polish_population_transfers_(1944%E2%80%931946)",
"tokens": [
"2",
"million",
"poles",
"were",
"expelled"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 27,
"end_token_idx": 29,
"identifier": "/wiki/Baltic_states",
"tokens": [
"baltic",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 30,
"end_token_idx": 35,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)",
"tokens": [
"annexed",
"into",
"the",
"soviet",
"union"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 37,
"end_token_idx": 40,
"identifier": "/wiki/1946_Italian_institutional_referendum",
"tokens": [
"lost",
"its",
"monarchy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 41,
"end_token_idx": 43,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_Empire",
"tokens": [
"colonial",
"empire"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 45,
"end_token_idx": 47,
"identifier": "/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_between_Italy_and_the_Allied_Powers",
"tokens": [
"european",
"territories"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 53,
"end_token_idx": 55,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_peace",
"tokens": [
"world",
"peace"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 60,
"end_token_idx": 62,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Nations",
"tokens": [
"united",
"nations"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 76,
"end_token_idx": 81,
"identifier": "/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights",
"tokens": [
"universal",
"declaration",
"of",
"human",
"rights"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 89,
"end_token_idx": 91,
"identifier": "/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations",
"tokens": [
"member",
"nations"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 93,
"end_token_idx": 95,
"identifier": "/wiki/Great_powers",
"tokens": [
"great",
"powers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 122,
"end_token_idx": 124,
"identifier": "/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council",
"tokens": [
"permanent",
"members"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 129,
"end_token_idx": 131,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council",
"tokens": [
"security",
"council"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 150,
"end_token_idx": 151,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758",
"tokens": [
"between"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 152,
"end_token_idx": 155,
"identifier": "/wiki/Taiwan",
"tokens": [
"republic",
"of",
"china"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 157,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/China",
"tokens": [
"people",
"'",
"s",
"republic",
"of",
"china"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 173,
"end_token_idx": 175,
"identifier": "/wiki/Succession_of_states",
"tokens": [
"successor",
"state"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 177,
"end_token_idx": 179,
"identifier": "/wiki/Russia",
"tokens": [
"russian",
"federation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 182,
"end_token_idx": 186,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"dissolution",
"of",
"the",
"ussr"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 226,
"end_token_idx": 229,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spheres_of_influence",
"tokens": [
"spheres",
"of",
"influence"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 238,
"end_token_idx": 241,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eastern_Bloc",
"tokens": [
"the",
"soviet",
"sphere"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 267,
"end_token_idx": 269,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_Germany",
"tokens": [
"east",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 270,
"end_token_idx": 271,
"identifier": "/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic",
"tokens": [
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 272,
"end_token_idx": 273,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic",
"tokens": [
"hungary"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 274,
"end_token_idx": 275,
"identifier": "/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania",
"tokens": [
"romania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 276,
"end_token_idx": 277,
"identifier": "/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria",
"tokens": [
"bulgaria"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 279,
"identifier": "/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic",
"tokens": [
"czechoslovakia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 281,
"end_token_idx": 282,
"identifier": "/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania",
"tokens": [
"albania"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 284,
"end_token_idx": 286,
"identifier": "/wiki/Satellite_state#Soviet_satellite_states",
"tokens": [
"satellite",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 288,
"end_token_idx": 289,
"identifier": "/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia",
"tokens": [
"yugoslavia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 292,
"end_token_idx": 294,
"identifier": "/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement",
"tokens": [
"independent",
"policy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 296,
"end_token_idx": 301,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split",
"tokens": [
"tension",
"with",
"the",
"soviet",
"union"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 307,
"identifier": "/wiki/Greek_Civil_War",
"tokens": [
"communist",
"uprising",
"in",
"greece"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 345,
"end_token_idx": 346,
"identifier": "/wiki/NATO",
"tokens": [
"nato"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 351,
"end_token_idx": 353,
"identifier": "/wiki/Warsaw_Pact",
"tokens": [
"warsaw",
"pact"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 367,
"end_token_idx": 369,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cold_War",
"tokens": [
"cold",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 376,
"end_token_idx": 378,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arms_race",
"tokens": [
"arms",
"race"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 381,
"end_token_idx": 383,
"identifier": "/wiki/Proxy_war",
"tokens": [
"proxy",
"wars"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 395,
"end_token_idx": 398,
"identifier": "/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan",
"tokens": [
"occupation",
"of",
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 399,
"end_token_idx": 405,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands",
"tokens": [
"administered",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"former",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 414,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/South_Sakhalin",
"tokens": [
"south",
"sa",
"##kha",
"##lin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 420,
"end_token_idx": 423,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kuril_Islands",
"tokens": [
"ku",
"##ril",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 424,
"end_token_idx": 425,
"identifier": "/wiki/Korea",
"tokens": [
"korea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 427,
"end_token_idx": 431,
"identifier": "/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule",
"tokens": [
"under",
"japanese",
"colonial",
"rule"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 433,
"end_token_idx": 436,
"identifier": "/wiki/Division_of_Korea",
"tokens": [
"divided",
"and",
"occupied"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 442,
"end_token_idx": 443,
"identifier": "/wiki/North_Korea",
"tokens": [
"north"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 449,
"end_token_idx": 450,
"identifier": "/wiki/South_Korea",
"tokens": [
"south"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 485,
"end_token_idx": 487,
"identifier": "/wiki/Korean_War",
"tokens": [
"korean",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 496,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War",
"tokens": [
"the",
"civil",
"war"
]
}
] | [
101,
1997,
1996,
12731,
15378,
2239,
2240,
1010,
2013,
2029,
1016,
2454,
10567,
2020,
10016,
1025,
2167,
1011,
2264,
6339,
1010,
3033,
1997,
2789,
6435,
1010,
1998,
1996,
11275,
2163,
2020,
13291,
2046,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1012,
3304,
2439,
2049,
12078,
1010,
5336,
3400,
1998,
2070,
2647,
6500,
1012,
1999,
2019,
3947,
2000,
5441,
2088,
3521,
1010,
1996,
6956,
2719,
1996,
2142,
3741,
1010,
2029,
3985,
2234,
2046,
4598,
2006,
2484,
2255,
3386,
1010,
1998,
4233,
1996,
5415,
8170,
1997,
2529,
2916,
1999,
3882,
2004,
1037,
2691,
3115,
2005,
2035,
2266,
3741,
1012,
1996,
2307,
4204,
2008,
2020,
1996,
5125,
2015,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1517,
2605,
1010,
2859,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
1010,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1517,
2150,
1996,
4568,
2372,
1997,
1996,
4895,
1005,
1055,
3036,
2473,
1012,
1996,
2274,
4568,
2372,
3961,
2061,
2000,
1996,
2556,
1010,
2348,
2045,
2031,
2042,
2048,
2835,
3431,
1010,
2090,
1996,
3072,
1997,
2859,
1998,
1996,
2111,
1005,
1055,
3072,
1997,
2859,
1999,
3411,
1010,
1998,
2090,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1998,
2049,
6332,
2110,
1010,
1996,
2845,
4657,
1010,
2206,
1996,
12275,
1997,
1996,
10331,
1999,
2889,
1012,
1996,
4707,
2090,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2018,
5625,
2000,
28283,
25346,
3686,
2130,
2077,
1996,
2162,
2001,
2058,
1012,
4661,
2762,
1010,
1996,
2717,
1997,
2885,
2001,
2036,
4055,
2046,
2530,
1998,
3354,
19885,
1997,
3747,
1012,
2087,
2789,
1998,
2430,
2647,
3032,
3062,
2046,
1996,
3354,
10336,
1010,
2029,
2419,
2000,
5069,
1997,
4750,
1011,
2419,
25228,
1010,
2007,
2440,
2030,
7704,
2490,
1997,
1996,
3354,
6139,
4614,
1012,
2004,
1037,
2765,
1010,
2264,
2762,
1010,
3735,
1010,
5872,
1010,
6339,
1010,
8063,
1010,
12833,
1010,
1998,
10407,
2150,
3354,
5871,
2163,
1012,
4750,
8936,
4146,
1037,
3929,
2981,
3343,
1010,
4786,
6980,
2007,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1012,
1037,
4750,
10138,
1999,
5483,
2001,
2404,
2091,
2007,
7819,
1011,
2137,
2490,
1998,
1996,
2406,
2815,
13115,
2007,
1996,
2225,
1012,
2695,
1011,
2162,
2407,
1997,
1996,
2088,
2001,
5337,
5084,
2011,
2048,
2248,
2510,
21277,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1011,
2419,
10079,
1998,
1996,
3354,
1011,
2419,
8199,
14790,
1012,
1996,
2146,
2558,
1997,
2576,
13136,
1998,
2510,
2971,
2090,
2068,
1517,
1996,
3147,
2162,
1517,
2052,
2022,
5642,
2011,
2019,
15741,
2608,
2679,
1998,
2193,
1997,
24540,
5233,
2802,
1996,
2088,
1012,
1999,
4021,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2419,
1996,
6139,
1997,
2900,
1998,
8564,
2900,
1005,
1055,
2280,
3470,
1999,
1996,
2530,
3534,
1010,
2096,
1996,
15269,
13291,
2148,
7842,
15256,
4115,
1998,
1996,
13970,
15928,
3470,
1012,
4420,
1010,
3839,
2104,
2887,
5336,
3627,
1010,
2001,
4055,
1998,
4548,
2011,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1999,
1996,
2167,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1999,
1996,
2148,
2090,
3386,
1998,
3882,
1012,
3584,
24822,
6003,
2006,
2119,
3903,
1997,
1996,
22051,
5903,
1999,
3882,
1010,
2169,
6815,
2000,
2022,
1996,
11476,
2231,
2005,
2035,
1997,
4420,
1010,
2029,
2419,
4821,
2000,
1996,
4759,
2162,
1012,
1999,
2859,
1010,
8986,
1998,
4750,
2749,
7943,
1996,
2942,
2162,
1999,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"june",
"1946",
".",
"communist",
"forces",
"were",
"victorious",
"and",
"established",
"the",
"people",
"'",
"s",
"republic",
"of",
"china",
"on",
"the",
"mainland",
",",
"while",
"nationalist",
"forces",
"retreated",
"to",
"taiwan",
"in",
"1949",
".",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"east",
",",
"the",
"arab",
"rejection",
"of",
"the",
"united",
"nations",
"partition",
"plan",
"for",
"palestine",
"and",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"israel",
"marked",
"the",
"es",
"##cala",
"##tion",
"of",
"the",
"arab",
"–",
"israeli",
"conflict",
".",
"while",
"european",
"powers",
"attempted",
"to",
"retain",
"some",
"or",
"all",
"of",
"their",
"colonial",
"empires",
",",
"their",
"losses",
"of",
"prestige",
"and",
"resources",
"during",
"the",
"war",
"rendered",
"this",
"unsuccessful",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"deco",
"##lon",
"##isation",
".",
"the",
"global",
"economy",
"suffered",
"heavily",
"from",
"the",
"war",
",",
"although",
"participating",
"nations",
"were",
"affected",
"differently",
".",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"emerged",
"much",
"richer",
"than",
"any",
"other",
"nation",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"a",
"baby",
"boom",
",",
"and",
"by",
"1950",
"its",
"gross",
"domestic",
"product",
"per",
"person",
"was",
"much",
"higher",
"than",
"that",
"of",
"any",
"of",
"the",
"other",
"powers",
",",
"and",
"it",
"dominated",
"the",
"world",
"economy",
".",
"the",
"allied",
"occupational",
"authorities",
"pursued",
"a",
"policy",
"of",
"industrial",
"di",
"##sar",
"##mament",
"in",
"western",
"germany",
"from",
"1945",
"to",
"1948",
".",
"due",
"to",
"international",
"trade",
"inter",
"##de",
"##pen",
"##den",
"##cies",
",",
"this",
"policy",
"led",
"to",
"an",
"economic",
"st",
"##ag",
"##nation",
"in",
"europe",
"and",
"delayed",
"european",
"recovery",
"from",
"the",
"war",
"for",
"several",
"years",
".",
"at",
"the",
"brett",
"##on",
"woods",
"conference",
"in",
"july",
"1944",
",",
"the",
"allied",
"nations",
"drew",
"up",
"an",
"economic",
"framework",
"for",
"the",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"world",
".",
"the",
"agreement",
"created",
"the",
"international",
"monetary",
"fund",
"(",
"im",
"##f",
")",
"and",
"the",
"international",
"bank",
"for",
"reconstruction",
"and",
"development",
"(",
"ib",
"##rd",
")",
",",
"which",
"later",
"became",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"bank",
"group",
".",
"the",
"brett",
"##on",
"woods",
"system",
"lasted",
"until",
"1973",
".",
"recovery",
"began",
"with",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1948",
"currency",
"reform",
"in",
"western",
"germany",
",",
"and",
"was",
"sped",
"up",
"by",
"the",
"liberal",
"##isation",
"of",
"european",
"economic",
"policy",
"that",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"marshall",
"plan",
"economic",
"aid",
"(",
"1948",
"–",
"1951",
")",
"both",
"directly",
"and",
"indirectly",
"caused",
".",
"the",
"post",
"-",
"1948",
"west",
"german",
"recovery",
"has",
"been",
"called",
"the",
"german",
"economic",
"miracle",
".",
"italy",
"also",
"experienced",
"an",
"economic",
"boom",
"and",
"the",
"french",
"economy",
"rebound",
"##ed",
".",
"by",
"contrast",
",",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"was",
"in",
"a",
"state",
"of",
"economic",
"ruin",
",",
"and",
"although",
"receiving",
"a",
"quarter",
"of",
"the",
"total",
"marshall",
"plan",
"assistance",
",",
"more",
"than",
"any",
"other",
"european",
"country",
",",
"it",
"continued",
"in",
"relative",
"economic",
"decline",
"for",
"decades",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"despite",
"enormous",
"human",
"and",
"material",
"losses",
",",
"also",
"experienced",
"rapid",
"increase",
"in",
"production",
"in",
"the",
"immediate",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"era",
",",
"having",
"seized",
"and",
"transferred",
"most",
"of",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"industrial",
"plants",
"and",
"exact",
"##ed",
"war",
"rep",
"##arat",
"##ions",
"from",
"its",
"satellite",
"states",
".",
"[",
"c",
"]",
"japan",
"recovered",
"much",
"later",
".",
"china",
"returned",
"to",
"its",
"pre",
"-",
"war",
"industrial",
"production",
"by",
"1952",
".",
"estimates",
"for",
"the",
"total",
"number",
"of",
"casualties",
"in",
"the",
"war",
"vary",
",",
"because",
"many",
"deaths",
"went",
"un",
"##re",
"##cor",
"##ded",
".",
"most",
"suggest",
"that",
"some",
"60",
"million",
"people",
"died",
"in",
"the",
"war",
",",
"including",
"about",
"20",
"million",
"military",
"personnel",
"and"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 25,
"end_token_idx": 26,
"identifier": "/wiki/Taiwan",
"tokens": [
"taiwan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 39,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine",
"tokens": [
"united",
"nations",
"partition",
"plan",
"for",
"palestine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 50,
"identifier": "/wiki/Creation_of_Israel",
"tokens": [
"creation",
"of",
"israel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 57,
"end_token_idx": 61,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict",
"tokens": [
"arab",
"–",
"israeli",
"conflict"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 73,
"end_token_idx": 75,
"identifier": "/wiki/Colonial_empire",
"tokens": [
"colonial",
"empires"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 91,
"end_token_idx": 94,
"identifier": "/wiki/Decolonization",
"tokens": [
"deco",
"##lon",
"##isation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 125,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mid-20th_century_baby_boom",
"tokens": [
"baby",
"boom"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 164,
"end_token_idx": 171,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allied_plans_for_German_industry_after_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"industrial",
"di",
"##sar",
"##mament",
"in",
"western",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 210,
"end_token_idx": 214,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference",
"tokens": [
"brett",
"##on",
"woods",
"conference"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 237,
"end_token_idx": 240,
"identifier": "/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund",
"tokens": [
"international",
"monetary",
"fund"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 246,
"end_token_idx": 252,
"identifier": "/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development",
"tokens": [
"international",
"bank",
"for",
"reconstruction",
"and",
"development"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 263,
"end_token_idx": 266,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_Bank_Group",
"tokens": [
"world",
"bank",
"group"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 268,
"end_token_idx": 272,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system",
"tokens": [
"brett",
"##on",
"woods",
"system"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 283,
"end_token_idx": 288,
"identifier": "/wiki/Deutsche_Mark",
"tokens": [
"currency",
"reform",
"in",
"western",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 307,
"end_token_idx": 309,
"identifier": "/wiki/Marshall_Plan",
"tokens": [
"marshall",
"plan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 333,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wirtschaftswunder#West_Germany",
"tokens": [
"german",
"economic",
"miracle"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 341,
"end_token_idx": 343,
"identifier": "/wiki/Italian_economic_miracle",
"tokens": [
"economic",
"boom"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 345,
"end_token_idx": 349,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trente_Glorieuses",
"tokens": [
"french",
"economy",
"rebound",
"##ed"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 431,
"end_token_idx": 435,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II_reparations",
"tokens": [
"war",
"rep",
"##arat",
"##ions"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 495,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_casualties_of_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"20",
"million",
"military",
"personnel"
]
}
] | [
101,
2238,
3918,
1012,
4750,
2749,
2020,
13846,
1998,
2511,
1996,
2111,
1005,
1055,
3072,
1997,
2859,
2006,
1996,
8240,
1010,
2096,
8986,
2749,
11672,
2000,
6629,
1999,
4085,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2690,
2264,
1010,
1996,
5424,
13893,
1997,
1996,
2142,
3741,
13571,
2933,
2005,
8976,
1998,
1996,
4325,
1997,
3956,
4417,
1996,
9686,
25015,
3508,
1997,
1996,
5424,
1516,
5611,
4736,
1012,
2096,
2647,
4204,
4692,
2000,
9279,
2070,
2030,
2035,
1997,
2037,
5336,
23560,
1010,
2037,
6409,
1997,
14653,
1998,
4219,
2076,
1996,
2162,
10155,
2023,
7736,
1010,
2877,
2000,
21933,
7811,
6648,
1012,
1996,
3795,
4610,
4265,
4600,
2013,
1996,
2162,
1010,
2348,
8019,
3741,
2020,
5360,
11543,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2163,
6003,
2172,
26108,
2084,
2151,
2060,
3842,
1010,
2877,
2000,
1037,
3336,
8797,
1010,
1998,
2011,
3925,
2049,
7977,
4968,
4031,
2566,
2711,
2001,
2172,
3020,
2084,
2008,
1997,
2151,
1997,
1996,
2060,
4204,
1010,
1998,
2009,
6817,
1996,
2088,
4610,
1012,
1996,
6035,
16928,
4614,
9505,
1037,
3343,
1997,
3919,
4487,
10286,
28119,
1999,
2530,
2762,
2013,
3386,
2000,
3882,
1012,
2349,
2000,
2248,
3119,
6970,
3207,
11837,
4181,
9243,
1010,
2023,
3343,
2419,
2000,
2019,
3171,
2358,
8490,
9323,
1999,
2885,
1998,
8394,
2647,
7233,
2013,
1996,
2162,
2005,
2195,
2086,
1012,
2012,
1996,
12049,
2239,
5249,
3034,
1999,
2251,
3646,
1010,
1996,
6035,
3741,
3881,
2039,
2019,
3171,
7705,
2005,
1996,
2695,
1011,
2162,
2088,
1012,
1996,
3820,
2580,
1996,
2248,
12194,
4636,
1006,
10047,
2546,
1007,
1998,
1996,
2248,
2924,
2005,
8735,
1998,
2458,
1006,
21307,
4103,
1007,
1010,
2029,
2101,
2150,
2112,
1997,
1996,
2088,
2924,
2177,
1012,
1996,
12049,
2239,
5249,
2291,
6354,
2127,
3381,
1012,
7233,
2211,
2007,
1996,
3054,
1011,
3882,
9598,
5290,
1999,
2530,
2762,
1010,
1998,
2001,
16887,
2039,
2011,
1996,
4314,
6648,
1997,
2647,
3171,
3343,
2008,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
5832,
2933,
3171,
4681,
1006,
3882,
1516,
4131,
1007,
2119,
3495,
1998,
17351,
3303,
1012,
1996,
2695,
1011,
3882,
2225,
2446,
7233,
2038,
2042,
2170,
1996,
2446,
3171,
9727,
1012,
3304,
2036,
5281,
2019,
3171,
8797,
1998,
1996,
2413,
4610,
27755,
2098,
1012,
2011,
5688,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2983,
2001,
1999,
1037,
2110,
1997,
3171,
10083,
1010,
1998,
2348,
4909,
1037,
4284,
1997,
1996,
2561,
5832,
2933,
5375,
1010,
2062,
2084,
2151,
2060,
2647,
2406,
1010,
2009,
2506,
1999,
5816,
3171,
6689,
2005,
5109,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
2750,
8216,
2529,
1998,
3430,
6409,
1010,
2036,
5281,
5915,
3623,
1999,
2537,
1999,
1996,
6234,
2695,
1011,
2162,
3690,
1010,
2383,
8243,
1998,
4015,
2087,
1997,
2762,
1005,
1055,
3919,
4264,
1998,
6635,
2098,
2162,
16360,
25879,
8496,
2013,
2049,
5871,
2163,
1012,
1031,
1039,
1033,
2900,
6757,
2172,
2101,
1012,
2859,
2513,
2000,
2049,
3653,
1011,
2162,
3919,
2537,
2011,
3999,
1012,
10035,
2005,
1996,
2561,
2193,
1997,
8664,
1999,
1996,
2162,
8137,
1010,
2138,
2116,
6677,
2253,
4895,
2890,
27108,
5732,
1012,
2087,
6592,
2008,
2070,
3438,
2454,
2111,
2351,
1999,
1996,
2162,
1010,
2164,
2055,
2322,
2454,
2510,
5073,
1998,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"40",
"million",
"civilians",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"alone",
"lost",
"around",
"27",
"million",
"people",
"during",
"the",
"war",
",",
"including",
"8",
".",
"7",
"million",
"military",
"and",
"19",
"million",
"civilian",
"deaths",
".",
"a",
"quarter",
"of",
"the",
"total",
"people",
"in",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"were",
"wounded",
"or",
"killed",
".",
"germany",
"sustained",
"5",
".",
"3",
"million",
"military",
"losses",
",",
"mostly",
"on",
"the",
"eastern",
"front",
"and",
"during",
"the",
"final",
"battles",
"in",
"germany",
".",
"an",
"estimated",
"11",
"to",
"17",
"million",
"civilians",
"died",
"as",
"a",
"direct",
"or",
"as",
"an",
"indirect",
"result",
"of",
"hitler",
"'",
"s",
"racist",
"policies",
",",
"including",
"mass",
"killing",
"of",
"around",
"6",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"million",
"jews",
",",
"along",
"with",
"roma",
",",
"homosexual",
"##s",
",",
"at",
"least",
"1",
".",
"9",
"million",
"ethnic",
"poles",
"and",
"millions",
"of",
"other",
"sl",
"##avs",
"(",
"including",
"russians",
",",
"ukrainian",
"##s",
"and",
"belarusian",
"##s",
")",
",",
"and",
"other",
"ethnic",
"and",
"minority",
"groups",
".",
"between",
"1941",
"and",
"1945",
",",
"more",
"than",
"200",
",",
"000",
"ethnic",
"serbs",
",",
"along",
"with",
"roma",
"and",
"jews",
",",
"were",
"persecuted",
"and",
"murdered",
"by",
"the",
"axis",
"-",
"aligned",
"croatian",
"us",
"##tase",
"in",
"yugoslavia",
".",
"concurrently",
",",
"muslims",
"and",
"croats",
"were",
"persecuted",
"and",
"killed",
"by",
"serb",
"nationalist",
"chet",
"##nik",
"##s",
",",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"50",
",",
"000",
"–",
"68",
",",
"000",
"victims",
"(",
"of",
"which",
"41",
",",
"000",
"were",
"civilians",
")",
".",
"also",
",",
"more",
"than",
"100",
",",
"000",
"poles",
"were",
"massacre",
"##d",
"by",
"the",
"ukrainian",
"ins",
"##urgent",
"army",
"in",
"the",
"vol",
"##hy",
"##nia",
"massacre",
"##s",
",",
"between",
"1943",
"and",
"1945",
".",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
",",
"about",
"10",
",",
"000",
"–",
"15",
",",
"000",
"ukrainian",
"##s",
"were",
"killed",
"by",
"the",
"polish",
"home",
"army",
"and",
"other",
"polish",
"units",
",",
"in",
"rep",
"##ris",
"##al",
"attacks",
".",
"in",
"asia",
"and",
"the",
"pacific",
",",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"people",
"killed",
"by",
"japanese",
"troops",
"remains",
"contested",
".",
"according",
"to",
"r",
".",
"j",
".",
"rum",
"##mel",
",",
"the",
"japanese",
"killed",
"between",
"3",
"million",
"and",
"more",
"than",
"10",
"million",
"people",
",",
"with",
"the",
"most",
"probable",
"case",
"of",
"almost",
"6",
",",
"000",
",",
"000",
"people",
".",
"according",
"to",
"the",
"british",
"historian",
"m",
".",
"r",
".",
"d",
".",
"foot",
",",
"civilian",
"deaths",
"are",
"between",
"10",
"million",
"and",
"20",
"million",
",",
"whereas",
"chinese",
"military",
"casualties",
"(",
"killed",
"and",
"wounded",
")",
"are",
"estimated",
"to",
"be",
"over",
"five",
"million",
".",
"other",
"estimates",
"say",
"that",
"up",
"to",
"30",
"million",
"people",
",",
"most",
"of",
"them",
"civilians",
",",
"were",
"killed",
".",
"the",
"most",
"infamous",
"japanese",
"at",
"##rocity",
"was",
"the",
"nanjing",
"massacre",
",",
"in",
"which",
"fifty",
"to",
"three",
"hundred",
"thousand",
"chinese",
"civilians",
"were",
"raped",
"and",
"murdered",
".",
"mit",
"##su",
"##yoshi",
"him",
"##eta",
"reported",
"that",
"2",
".",
"7",
"million",
"casualties",
"occurred",
"during",
"the",
"three",
"all",
"##s",
"policy",
".",
"general",
"ya",
"##su",
"##ji",
"ok",
"##am",
"##ura",
"implemented",
"the",
"policy",
"in",
"he",
"##bei",
"and",
"shandong",
".",
"axis",
"forces",
"employed",
"biological",
"and",
"chemical",
"weapons",
".",
"the",
"imperial",
"japanese",
"army",
"used",
"a",
"variety",
"of",
"such",
"weapons",
"during",
"its",
"invasion",
"and",
"occupation",
"of",
"china",
"(",
"see",
"unit",
"73",
"##1",
")",
"and",
"in",
"early",
"conflicts",
"against",
"the",
"soviets",
".",
"both",
"the",
"germans",
"and"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 86,
"end_token_idx": 88,
"identifier": "/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany",
"tokens": [
"racist",
"policies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 90,
"end_token_idx": 92,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mass_killing",
"tokens": [
"mass",
"killing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 93,
"end_token_idx": 111,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Holocaust",
"tokens": [
"around",
"6",
"<",
"span",
"class",
"=",
"\"",
"now",
"##ra",
"##p",
"\"",
">",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"million",
"jews"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 114,
"end_token_idx": 115,
"identifier": "/wiki/Romani_Holocaust",
"tokens": [
"roma"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 116,
"end_token_idx": 118,
"identifier": "/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany",
"tokens": [
"homosexual",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 126,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_of_Poland",
"tokens": [
"poles"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 128,
"end_token_idx": 133,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_of_the_Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"millions",
"of",
"other",
"sl",
"##avs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 145,
"end_token_idx": 150,
"identifier": "/wiki/Holocaust_victims",
"tokens": [
"other",
"ethnic",
"and",
"minority",
"groups"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 162,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/Serbs",
"tokens": [
"serbs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 171,
"end_token_idx": 174,
"identifier": "/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia",
"tokens": [
"persecuted",
"and",
"murdered"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 182,
"identifier": "/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e",
"tokens": [
"us",
"##tase"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 183,
"end_token_idx": 184,
"identifier": "/wiki/Yugoslavia",
"tokens": [
"yugoslavia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 187,
"end_token_idx": 188,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bosniaks",
"tokens": [
"muslims"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 189,
"end_token_idx": 190,
"identifier": "/wiki/Croats",
"tokens": [
"croats"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 191,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chetnik_war_crimes_in_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"persecuted",
"and",
"killed"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 197,
"end_token_idx": 200,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chetniks",
"tokens": [
"chet",
"##nik",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 235,
"end_token_idx": 239,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army",
"tokens": [
"ukrainian",
"ins",
"##urgent",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 246,
"identifier": "/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia",
"tokens": [
"vol",
"##hy",
"##nia",
"massacre",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 272,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/Home_Army",
"tokens": [
"home",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 343,
"end_token_idx": 350,
"identifier": "/wiki/M._R._D._Foot",
"tokens": [
"m",
".",
"r",
".",
"d",
".",
"foot"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 404,
"end_token_idx": 406,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre",
"tokens": [
"nanjing",
"massacre"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 436,
"end_token_idx": 440,
"identifier": "/wiki/Three_Alls_policy",
"tokens": [
"three",
"all",
"##s",
"policy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 442,
"end_token_idx": 448,
"identifier": "/wiki/Yasuji_Okamura",
"tokens": [
"ya",
"##su",
"##ji",
"ok",
"##am",
"##ura"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 452,
"end_token_idx": 454,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hebei",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##bei"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 455,
"end_token_idx": 456,
"identifier": "/wiki/Shandong",
"tokens": [
"shandong"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 460,
"end_token_idx": 461,
"identifier": "/wiki/Biological_warfare",
"tokens": [
"biological"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 464,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chemical_warfare",
"tokens": [
"chemical",
"weapons"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 466,
"end_token_idx": 469,
"identifier": "/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army",
"tokens": [
"imperial",
"japanese",
"army"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 482,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War",
"tokens": [
"invasion",
"and",
"occupation",
"of",
"china"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 484,
"end_token_idx": 487,
"identifier": "/wiki/Unit_731",
"tokens": [
"unit",
"73",
"##1"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 490,
"end_token_idx": 495,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol",
"tokens": [
"early",
"conflicts",
"against",
"the",
"soviets"
]
}
] | [
101,
2871,
2454,
9272,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2894,
2439,
2105,
2676,
2454,
2111,
2076,
1996,
2162,
1010,
2164,
1022,
1012,
1021,
2454,
2510,
1998,
2539,
2454,
6831,
6677,
1012,
1037,
4284,
1997,
1996,
2561,
2111,
1999,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2020,
5303,
2030,
2730,
1012,
2762,
8760,
1019,
1012,
1017,
2454,
2510,
6409,
1010,
3262,
2006,
1996,
2789,
2392,
1998,
2076,
1996,
2345,
7465,
1999,
2762,
1012,
2019,
4358,
2340,
2000,
2459,
2454,
9272,
2351,
2004,
1037,
3622,
2030,
2004,
2019,
14958,
2765,
1997,
8042,
1005,
1055,
16939,
6043,
1010,
2164,
3742,
4288,
1997,
2105,
1020,
1026,
8487,
2465,
1027,
1000,
2085,
2527,
2361,
1000,
1028,
1026,
1013,
8487,
1028,
2454,
5181,
1010,
2247,
2007,
12836,
1010,
15667,
2015,
1010,
2012,
2560,
1015,
1012,
1023,
2454,
5636,
10567,
1998,
8817,
1997,
2060,
22889,
29553,
1006,
2164,
12513,
1010,
5969,
2015,
1998,
15626,
2015,
1007,
1010,
1998,
2060,
5636,
1998,
7162,
2967,
1012,
2090,
3874,
1998,
3386,
1010,
2062,
2084,
3263,
1010,
2199,
5636,
16757,
1010,
2247,
2007,
12836,
1998,
5181,
1010,
2020,
27666,
1998,
7129,
2011,
1996,
8123,
1011,
13115,
7963,
2149,
18260,
1999,
8936,
1012,
15442,
1010,
7486,
1998,
26222,
2020,
27666,
1998,
2730,
2011,
20180,
8986,
25157,
8238,
2015,
1010,
2007,
2019,
4358,
2753,
1010,
2199,
1516,
6273,
1010,
2199,
5694,
1006,
1997,
2029,
4601,
1010,
2199,
2020,
9272,
1007,
1012,
2036,
1010,
2062,
2084,
2531,
1010,
2199,
10567,
2020,
9288,
2094,
2011,
1996,
5969,
16021,
27176,
2390,
1999,
1996,
5285,
10536,
6200,
9288,
2015,
1010,
2090,
3826,
1998,
3386,
1012,
2012,
1996,
2168,
2051,
1010,
2055,
2184,
1010,
2199,
1516,
2321,
1010,
2199,
5969,
2015,
2020,
2730,
2011,
1996,
3907,
2188,
2390,
1998,
2060,
3907,
3197,
1010,
1999,
16360,
6935,
2389,
4491,
1012,
1999,
4021,
1998,
1996,
3534,
1010,
1996,
2193,
1997,
2111,
2730,
2011,
2887,
3629,
3464,
7259,
1012,
2429,
2000,
1054,
1012,
1046,
1012,
19379,
10199,
1010,
1996,
2887,
2730,
2090,
1017,
2454,
1998,
2062,
2084,
2184,
2454,
2111,
1010,
2007,
1996,
2087,
15596,
2553,
1997,
2471,
1020,
1010,
2199,
1010,
2199,
2111,
1012,
2429,
2000,
1996,
2329,
5272,
1049,
1012,
1054,
1012,
1040,
1012,
3329,
1010,
6831,
6677,
2024,
2090,
2184,
2454,
1998,
2322,
2454,
1010,
6168,
2822,
2510,
8664,
1006,
2730,
1998,
5303,
1007,
2024,
4358,
2000,
2022,
2058,
2274,
2454,
1012,
2060,
10035,
2360,
2008,
2039,
2000,
2382,
2454,
2111,
1010,
2087,
1997,
2068,
9272,
1010,
2020,
2730,
1012,
1996,
2087,
14429,
2887,
2012,
21735,
2001,
1996,
21455,
9288,
1010,
1999,
2029,
5595,
2000,
2093,
3634,
4595,
2822,
9272,
2020,
15504,
1998,
7129,
1012,
10210,
6342,
19196,
2032,
12928,
2988,
2008,
1016,
1012,
1021,
2454,
8664,
4158,
2076,
1996,
2093,
2035,
2015,
3343,
1012,
2236,
8038,
6342,
4478,
7929,
3286,
4648,
7528,
1996,
3343,
1999,
2002,
19205,
1998,
25768,
1012,
8123,
2749,
4846,
6897,
1998,
5072,
4255,
1012,
1996,
4461,
2887,
2390,
2109,
1037,
3528,
1997,
2107,
4255,
2076,
2049,
5274,
1998,
6139,
1997,
2859,
1006,
2156,
3131,
6421,
2487,
1007,
1998,
1999,
2220,
9755,
2114,
1996,
15269,
1012,
2119,
1996,
7074,
1998,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"japanese",
"tested",
"such",
"weapons",
"against",
"civilians",
",",
"and",
"sometimes",
"on",
"prisoners",
"of",
"war",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"was",
"responsible",
"for",
"the",
"katy",
"##n",
"massacre",
"of",
"22",
",",
"000",
"polish",
"officers",
",",
"and",
"the",
"imprisonment",
"or",
"execution",
"of",
"hundreds",
"of",
"thousands",
"of",
"political",
"prisoners",
"by",
"the",
"nk",
"##vd",
"secret",
"police",
",",
"along",
"with",
"mass",
"civilian",
"deportation",
"##s",
"to",
"siberia",
",",
"in",
"the",
"baltic",
"states",
"and",
"eastern",
"poland",
"annexed",
"by",
"the",
"red",
"army",
".",
"soviet",
"soldiers",
"committed",
"mass",
"rape",
"##s",
"in",
"occupied",
"territories",
",",
"especially",
"in",
"germany",
".",
"the",
"exact",
"number",
"of",
"german",
"women",
"and",
"girls",
"raped",
"by",
"soviet",
"troops",
"during",
"the",
"war",
"and",
"occupation",
"is",
"uncertain",
",",
"but",
"historians",
"estimate",
"their",
"numbers",
"are",
"likely",
"in",
"the",
"hundreds",
"of",
"thousands",
",",
"and",
"possibly",
"as",
"many",
"as",
"two",
"million",
",",
"while",
"figures",
"for",
"women",
"raped",
"by",
"german",
"soldiers",
"in",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"go",
"as",
"far",
"as",
"ten",
"million",
".",
"the",
"mass",
"bombing",
"of",
"cities",
"in",
"europe",
"and",
"asia",
"has",
"often",
"been",
"called",
"a",
"war",
"crime",
",",
"although",
"no",
"positive",
"or",
"specific",
"customary",
"international",
"humanitarian",
"law",
"with",
"respect",
"to",
"aerial",
"warfare",
"existed",
"before",
"or",
"during",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
".",
"the",
"usa",
"##af",
"bombed",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"67",
"japanese",
"cities",
",",
"killing",
"39",
"##3",
",",
"000",
"civilians",
",",
"including",
"the",
"atomic",
"bombings",
"of",
"hiroshima",
"and",
"nagasaki",
",",
"and",
"destroying",
"65",
"%",
"of",
"built",
"-",
"up",
"areas",
".",
"nazi",
"germany",
",",
"under",
"the",
"dictatorship",
"of",
"adolf",
"hitler",
",",
"was",
"responsible",
"for",
"murdering",
"about",
"6",
"million",
"jews",
"in",
"what",
"is",
"now",
"known",
"as",
"the",
"holocaust",
".",
"they",
"also",
"murdered",
"an",
"additional",
"4",
"million",
"others",
"who",
"were",
"deemed",
"\"",
"un",
"##worthy",
"of",
"life",
"\"",
"(",
"including",
"the",
"disabled",
"and",
"mentally",
"ill",
",",
"soviet",
"prisoners",
"of",
"war",
",",
"romani",
",",
"homosexual",
"##s",
",",
"free",
"##mas",
"##ons",
",",
"and",
"je",
"##ho",
"##vah",
"'",
"s",
"witnesses",
")",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"program",
"of",
"deliberate",
"ex",
"##ter",
"##mina",
"##tion",
",",
"in",
"effect",
"becoming",
"a",
"\"",
"gen",
"##oc",
"##idal",
"state",
"\"",
".",
"soviet",
"pow",
"##s",
"were",
"kept",
"in",
"especially",
"unbearable",
"conditions",
",",
"and",
"3",
".",
"6",
"million",
"soviet",
"pow",
"##s",
"out",
"of",
"5",
".",
"7",
"million",
"died",
"in",
"nazi",
"camps",
"during",
"the",
"war",
".",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"concentration",
"camps",
",",
"death",
"camps",
"were",
"created",
"in",
"nazi",
"germany",
"to",
"ex",
"##ter",
"##minate",
"people",
"on",
"an",
"industrial",
"scale",
".",
"nazi",
"germany",
"extensively",
"used",
"forced",
"labourers",
";",
"about",
"12",
"million",
"europeans",
"from",
"german",
"-",
"occupied",
"countries",
"were",
"abducted",
"and",
"used",
"as",
"a",
"slave",
"work",
"force",
"in",
"german",
"industry",
",",
"agriculture",
"and",
"war",
"economy",
".",
"the",
"soviet",
"gu",
"##lag",
"became",
"a",
"de",
"facto",
"system",
"of",
"deadly",
"camps",
"during",
"1942",
"–",
"43",
",",
"when",
"wartime",
"pri",
"##vation",
"and",
"hunger",
"caused",
"numerous",
"deaths",
"of",
"inmates",
",",
"including",
"foreign",
"citizens",
"of",
"poland",
"and",
"other",
"countries",
"occupied",
"in",
"1939",
"–",
"40",
"by",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"axis",
"pow",
"##s",
".",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"most",
"soviet",
"pow",
"##s",
"liberated",
"from",
"nazi",
"camps",
"and",
"many",
"rep",
"##at",
"##riated",
"civilians",
"were",
"detained",
"in",
"special",
"fi",
"##lt",
"##ration",
"camps",
"where",
"they",
"were",
"subjected",
"to",
"nk",
"##vd",
"evaluation"
] | [
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 1,
"end_token_idx": 3,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_human_experimentation_on_the_Chinese",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"tested"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 11,
"end_token_idx": 14,
"identifier": "/wiki/Prisoner_of_war",
"tokens": [
"prisoners",
"of",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 22,
"end_token_idx": 25,
"identifier": "/wiki/Katyn_massacre",
"tokens": [
"katy",
"##n",
"massacre"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 38,
"end_token_idx": 44,
"identifier": "/wiki/NKVD_prisoner_massacres",
"tokens": [
"hundreds",
"of",
"thousands",
"of",
"political",
"prisoners"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 46,
"end_token_idx": 48,
"identifier": "/wiki/NKVD",
"tokens": [
"nk",
"##vd"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 53,
"end_token_idx": 59,
"identifier": "/wiki/Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"mass",
"civilian",
"deportation",
"##s",
"to",
"siberia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 62,
"end_token_idx": 64,
"identifier": "/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states",
"tokens": [
"baltic",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 65,
"end_token_idx": 67,
"identifier": "/wiki/Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"eastern",
"poland"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 84,
"end_token_idx": 86,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_occupation_zone_in_Germany",
"tokens": [
"in",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 166,
"end_token_idx": 167,
"identifier": "/wiki/Positive_law",
"tokens": [
"positive"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 169,
"end_token_idx": 170,
"identifier": "/wiki/Customary_international_law",
"tokens": [
"customary"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 170,
"end_token_idx": 173,
"identifier": "/wiki/International_humanitarian_law",
"tokens": [
"international",
"humanitarian",
"law"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 176,
"end_token_idx": 178,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aerial_warfare",
"tokens": [
"aerial",
"warfare"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 189,
"end_token_idx": 196,
"identifier": "/wiki/Air_raids_on_Japan",
"tokens": [
"bombed",
"a",
"total",
"of",
"67",
"japanese",
"cities"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 206,
"end_token_idx": 212,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki",
"tokens": [
"atomic",
"bombings",
"of",
"hiroshima",
"and",
"nagasaki"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 223,
"end_token_idx": 225,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nazi_Germany",
"tokens": [
"nazi",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 228,
"end_token_idx": 229,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dictatorship",
"tokens": [
"dictatorship"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 247,
"end_token_idx": 249,
"identifier": "/wiki/The_Holocaust",
"tokens": [
"the",
"holocaust"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 266,
"identifier": "/wiki/Life_unworthy_of_life",
"tokens": [
"un",
"##worthy",
"of",
"life"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 270,
"end_token_idx": 271,
"identifier": "/wiki/Disability",
"tokens": [
"disabled"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 272,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mental_disorder",
"tokens": [
"mentally",
"ill"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 275,
"end_token_idx": 279,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"prisoners",
"of",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 280,
"end_token_idx": 281,
"identifier": "/wiki/Romani_people",
"tokens": [
"romani"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 282,
"end_token_idx": 284,
"identifier": "/wiki/Homosexuals",
"tokens": [
"homosexual",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 285,
"end_token_idx": 288,
"identifier": "/wiki/Freemasons",
"tokens": [
"free",
"##mas",
"##ons"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 290,
"end_token_idx": 296,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses",
"tokens": [
"je",
"##ho",
"##vah",
"'",
"s",
"witnesses"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 314,
"end_token_idx": 317,
"identifier": "/wiki/Genocide",
"tokens": [
"gen",
"##oc",
"##idal"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 320,
"end_token_idx": 323,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"pow",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 355,
"end_token_idx": 357,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps",
"tokens": [
"concentration",
"camps"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 358,
"end_token_idx": 360,
"identifier": "/wiki/Extermination_camp",
"tokens": [
"death",
"camps"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 379,
"end_token_idx": 381,
"identifier": "/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"forced",
"labourers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 385,
"end_token_idx": 386,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ostarbeiter",
"tokens": [
"europeans"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gulag",
"tokens": [
"gu",
"##lag"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 444,
"end_token_idx": 446,
"identifier": "/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states",
"tokens": [
"other",
"countries"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 460,
"end_token_idx": 462,
"identifier": "/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"pow",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 497,
"end_token_idx": 499,
"identifier": "/wiki/NKVD",
"tokens": [
"nk",
"##vd"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
2887,
7718,
2107,
4255,
2114,
9272,
1010,
1998,
2823,
2006,
5895,
1997,
2162,
1012,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2001,
3625,
2005,
1996,
17870,
2078,
9288,
1997,
2570,
1010,
2199,
3907,
3738,
1010,
1998,
1996,
10219,
2030,
7781,
1997,
5606,
1997,
5190,
1997,
2576,
5895,
2011,
1996,
25930,
16872,
3595,
2610,
1010,
2247,
2007,
3742,
6831,
23702,
2015,
2000,
16881,
1010,
1999,
1996,
11275,
2163,
1998,
2789,
3735,
13291,
2011,
1996,
2417,
2390,
1012,
3354,
3548,
5462,
3742,
9040,
2015,
1999,
4548,
6500,
1010,
2926,
1999,
2762,
1012,
1996,
6635,
2193,
1997,
2446,
2308,
1998,
3057,
15504,
2011,
3354,
3629,
2076,
1996,
2162,
1998,
6139,
2003,
9662,
1010,
2021,
7862,
10197,
2037,
3616,
2024,
3497,
1999,
1996,
5606,
1997,
5190,
1010,
1998,
4298,
2004,
2116,
2004,
2048,
2454,
1010,
2096,
4481,
2005,
2308,
15504,
2011,
2446,
3548,
1999,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2175,
2004,
2521,
2004,
2702,
2454,
1012,
1996,
3742,
8647,
1997,
3655,
1999,
2885,
1998,
4021,
2038,
2411,
2042,
2170,
1037,
2162,
4126,
1010,
2348,
2053,
3893,
2030,
3563,
16120,
2248,
11470,
2375,
2007,
4847,
2000,
9682,
8309,
5839,
2077,
2030,
2076,
2088,
2162,
2462,
1012,
1996,
3915,
10354,
18897,
1037,
2561,
1997,
6163,
2887,
3655,
1010,
4288,
4464,
2509,
1010,
2199,
9272,
1010,
2164,
1996,
9593,
20109,
1997,
20168,
1998,
27107,
1010,
1998,
9846,
3515,
1003,
1997,
2328,
1011,
2039,
2752,
1012,
6394,
2762,
1010,
2104,
1996,
18944,
1997,
12500,
8042,
1010,
2001,
3625,
2005,
21054,
2055,
1020,
2454,
5181,
1999,
2054,
2003,
2085,
2124,
2004,
1996,
11513,
1012,
2027,
2036,
7129,
2019,
3176,
1018,
2454,
2500,
2040,
2020,
8357,
1000,
4895,
13966,
1997,
2166,
1000,
1006,
2164,
1996,
9776,
1998,
10597,
5665,
1010,
3354,
5895,
1997,
2162,
1010,
23982,
1010,
15667,
2015,
1010,
2489,
9335,
5644,
1010,
1998,
15333,
6806,
21927,
1005,
1055,
9390,
1007,
2004,
2112,
1997,
1037,
2565,
1997,
15063,
4654,
3334,
22311,
3508,
1010,
1999,
3466,
3352,
1037,
1000,
8991,
10085,
16975,
2110,
1000,
1012,
3354,
23776,
2015,
2020,
2921,
1999,
2926,
24257,
3785,
1010,
1998,
1017,
1012,
1020,
2454,
3354,
23776,
2015,
2041,
1997,
1019,
1012,
1021,
2454,
2351,
1999,
6394,
7958,
2076,
1996,
2162,
1012,
1999,
2804,
2000,
6693,
7958,
1010,
2331,
7958,
2020,
2580,
1999,
6394,
2762,
2000,
4654,
3334,
19269,
2111,
2006,
2019,
3919,
4094,
1012,
6394,
2762,
8077,
2109,
3140,
24043,
1025,
2055,
2260,
2454,
13481,
2013,
2446,
1011,
4548,
3032,
2020,
20361,
1998,
2109,
2004,
1037,
6658,
2147,
2486,
1999,
2446,
3068,
1010,
5237,
1998,
2162,
4610,
1012,
1996,
3354,
19739,
17802,
2150,
1037,
2139,
13743,
2291,
1997,
9252,
7958,
2076,
3758,
1516,
4724,
1010,
2043,
12498,
26927,
21596,
1998,
9012,
3303,
3365,
6677,
1997,
13187,
1010,
2164,
3097,
4480,
1997,
3735,
1998,
2060,
3032,
4548,
1999,
3912,
1516,
2871,
2011,
1996,
3354,
2586,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
8123,
23776,
2015,
1012,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1010,
2087,
3354,
23776,
2015,
19553,
2013,
6394,
7958,
1998,
2116,
16360,
4017,
25475,
9272,
2020,
14620,
1999,
2569,
10882,
7096,
8156,
7958,
2073,
2027,
2020,
13532,
2000,
25930,
16872,
9312,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
",",
"and",
"226",
",",
"127",
"were",
"sent",
"to",
"the",
"gu",
"##lag",
"as",
"real",
"or",
"perceived",
"nazi",
"collaborators",
".",
"japanese",
"prisoner",
"-",
"of",
"-",
"war",
"camps",
",",
"many",
"of",
"which",
"were",
"used",
"as",
"labour",
"camps",
",",
"also",
"had",
"high",
"death",
"rates",
".",
"the",
"international",
"military",
"tribunal",
"for",
"the",
"far",
"east",
"found",
"the",
"death",
"rate",
"of",
"western",
"prisoners",
"was",
"27",
"percent",
"(",
"for",
"american",
"pow",
"##s",
",",
"37",
"percent",
")",
",",
"seven",
"times",
"that",
"of",
"pow",
"##s",
"under",
"the",
"germans",
"and",
"italians",
".",
"while",
"37",
",",
"58",
"##3",
"prisoners",
"from",
"the",
"uk",
",",
"28",
",",
"500",
"from",
"the",
"netherlands",
",",
"and",
"14",
",",
"47",
"##3",
"from",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"were",
"released",
"after",
"the",
"surrender",
"of",
"japan",
",",
"the",
"number",
"of",
"chinese",
"released",
"was",
"only",
"56",
".",
"at",
"least",
"five",
"million",
"chinese",
"civilians",
"from",
"northern",
"china",
"and",
"manchu",
"##ku",
"##o",
"were",
"enslaved",
"between",
"1935",
"and",
"1941",
"by",
"the",
"east",
"asia",
"development",
"board",
",",
"or",
"ko",
"##ain",
",",
"for",
"work",
"in",
"mines",
"and",
"war",
"industries",
".",
"after",
"1942",
",",
"the",
"number",
"reached",
"10",
"million",
".",
"in",
"java",
",",
"between",
"4",
"and",
"10",
"million",
"rom",
"##ush",
"##a",
"(",
"japanese",
":",
"\"",
"manual",
"labourers",
"\"",
")",
",",
"were",
"forced",
"to",
"work",
"by",
"the",
"japanese",
"military",
".",
"about",
"270",
",",
"000",
"of",
"these",
"javanese",
"labourers",
"were",
"sent",
"to",
"other",
"japanese",
"-",
"held",
"areas",
"in",
"southeast",
"asia",
",",
"and",
"only",
"52",
",",
"000",
"were",
"rep",
"##at",
"##riated",
"to",
"java",
".",
"in",
"europe",
",",
"occupation",
"came",
"under",
"two",
"forms",
".",
"in",
"western",
",",
"northern",
",",
"and",
"central",
"europe",
"(",
"france",
",",
"norway",
",",
"denmark",
",",
"the",
"low",
"countries",
",",
"and",
"the",
"annexed",
"portions",
"of",
"czechoslovakia",
")",
"germany",
"established",
"economic",
"policies",
"through",
"which",
"it",
"collected",
"roughly",
"69",
".",
"5",
"billion",
"reich",
"##sma",
"##rks",
"(",
"27",
".",
"8",
"billion",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"dollars",
")",
"by",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
";",
"this",
"figure",
"does",
"not",
"include",
"the",
"pl",
"##under",
"of",
"industrial",
"products",
",",
"military",
"equipment",
",",
"raw",
"materials",
"and",
"other",
"goods",
".",
"thus",
",",
"the",
"income",
"from",
"occupied",
"nations",
"was",
"over",
"40",
"percent",
"of",
"the",
"income",
"germany",
"collected",
"from",
"taxation",
",",
"a",
"figure",
"which",
"increased",
"to",
"nearly",
"40",
"percent",
"of",
"total",
"german",
"income",
"as",
"the",
"war",
"went",
"on",
".",
"in",
"the",
"east",
",",
"the",
"intended",
"gains",
"of",
"le",
"##ben",
"##sr",
"##au",
"##m",
"were",
"never",
"attained",
"as",
"flu",
"##ct",
"##uating",
"front",
"-",
"lines",
"and",
"soviet",
"sc",
"##or",
"##ched",
"earth",
"policies",
"denied",
"resources",
"to",
"the",
"german",
"invaders",
".",
"unlike",
"in",
"the",
"west",
",",
"the",
"nazi",
"racial",
"policy",
"encouraged",
"extreme",
"brutality",
"against",
"what",
"it",
"considered",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"\"",
"inferior",
"people",
"\"",
"of",
"slavic",
"descent",
";",
"most",
"german",
"advances",
"were",
"thus",
"followed",
"by",
"mass",
"atrocities",
"and",
"war",
"crimes",
".",
"the",
"nazis",
"killed",
"an",
"estimated",
"2",
".",
"77",
"million",
"ethnic",
"poles",
"during",
"the",
"war",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"polish",
"-",
"jewish",
"victims",
"of",
"the",
"holocaust",
".",
"[",
"<",
"span",
"title",
"=",
"\"",
"this",
"claim",
"needs",
"references",
"to",
"better",
"sources",
".",
"(",
"july",
"202",
"##3",
")",
"\"",
">",
"better",
"source",
"needed",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"]",
"although",
"resistance",
"groups",
"formed",
"in",
"most",
"occupied",
"territories",
",",
"they"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 19,
"end_token_idx": 25,
"identifier": "/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp",
"tokens": [
"prisoner",
"-",
"of",
"-",
"war",
"camps"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 42,
"end_token_idx": 49,
"identifier": "/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East",
"tokens": [
"international",
"military",
"tribunal",
"for",
"the",
"far",
"east"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 111,
"end_token_idx": 114,
"identifier": "/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan",
"tokens": [
"surrender",
"of",
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 145,
"end_token_idx": 149,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_Asia_Development_Board",
"tokens": [
"east",
"asia",
"development",
"board"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 172,
"end_token_idx": 173,
"identifier": "/wiki/Java",
"tokens": [
"java"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 182,
"identifier": "/wiki/R%C5%8Dmusha",
"tokens": [
"rom",
"##ush",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 266,
"identifier": "/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia",
"tokens": [
"annexed",
"portions",
"of",
"czechoslovakia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 307,
"end_token_idx": 309,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nazi_plunder",
"tokens": [
"pl",
"##under"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 367,
"end_token_idx": 372,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lebensraum",
"tokens": [
"le",
"##ben",
"##sr",
"##au",
"##m"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 384,
"end_token_idx": 388,
"identifier": "/wiki/Scorched_earth",
"tokens": [
"sc",
"##or",
"##ched",
"earth"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 402,
"end_token_idx": 405,
"identifier": "/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany",
"tokens": [
"nazi",
"racial",
"policy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 416,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/Untermensch",
"tokens": [
"inferior",
"people"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 430,
"end_token_idx": 435,
"identifier": "/wiki/Generalplan_Ost",
"tokens": [
"mass",
"atrocities",
"and",
"war",
"crimes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 438,
"end_token_idx": 447,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation",
"tokens": [
"killed",
"an",
"estimated",
"2",
".",
"77",
"million",
"ethnic",
"poles"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 489,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS",
"tokens": [
"<",
"span",
"title",
"=",
"\"",
"this",
"claim",
"needs",
"references",
"to",
"better",
"sources",
".",
"(",
"july",
"202",
"##3",
")",
"\"",
">",
"better",
"source",
"needed",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 491,
"end_token_idx": 493,
"identifier": "/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"resistance",
"groups"
]
}
] | [
101,
1010,
1998,
21035,
1010,
13029,
2020,
2741,
2000,
1996,
19739,
17802,
2004,
2613,
2030,
8690,
6394,
21315,
1012,
2887,
7267,
1011,
1997,
1011,
2162,
7958,
1010,
2116,
1997,
2029,
2020,
2109,
2004,
4428,
7958,
1010,
2036,
2018,
2152,
2331,
6165,
1012,
1996,
2248,
2510,
12152,
2005,
1996,
2521,
2264,
2179,
1996,
2331,
3446,
1997,
2530,
5895,
2001,
2676,
3867,
1006,
2005,
2137,
23776,
2015,
1010,
4261,
3867,
1007,
1010,
2698,
2335,
2008,
1997,
23776,
2015,
2104,
1996,
7074,
1998,
16773,
1012,
2096,
4261,
1010,
5388,
2509,
5895,
2013,
1996,
2866,
1010,
2654,
1010,
3156,
2013,
1996,
4549,
1010,
1998,
2403,
1010,
4700,
2509,
2013,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2020,
2207,
2044,
1996,
7806,
1997,
2900,
1010,
1996,
2193,
1997,
2822,
2207,
2001,
2069,
5179,
1012,
2012,
2560,
2274,
2454,
2822,
9272,
2013,
2642,
2859,
1998,
26650,
5283,
2080,
2020,
22216,
2090,
4437,
1998,
3874,
2011,
1996,
2264,
4021,
2458,
2604,
1010,
2030,
12849,
8113,
1010,
2005,
2147,
1999,
7134,
1998,
2162,
6088,
1012,
2044,
3758,
1010,
1996,
2193,
2584,
2184,
2454,
1012,
1999,
9262,
1010,
2090,
1018,
1998,
2184,
2454,
17083,
20668,
2050,
1006,
2887,
1024,
1000,
6410,
24043,
1000,
1007,
1010,
2020,
3140,
2000,
2147,
2011,
1996,
2887,
2510,
1012,
2055,
13756,
1010,
2199,
1997,
2122,
27344,
24043,
2020,
2741,
2000,
2060,
2887,
1011,
2218,
2752,
1999,
4643,
4021,
1010,
1998,
2069,
4720,
1010,
2199,
2020,
16360,
4017,
25475,
2000,
9262,
1012,
1999,
2885,
1010,
6139,
2234,
2104,
2048,
3596,
1012,
1999,
2530,
1010,
2642,
1010,
1998,
2430,
2885,
1006,
2605,
1010,
5120,
1010,
5842,
1010,
1996,
2659,
3032,
1010,
1998,
1996,
13291,
8810,
1997,
12833,
1007,
2762,
2511,
3171,
6043,
2083,
2029,
2009,
5067,
5560,
6353,
1012,
1019,
4551,
14365,
26212,
19987,
1006,
2676,
1012,
1022,
4551,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
6363,
1007,
2011,
1996,
2203,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1025,
2023,
3275,
2515,
2025,
2421,
1996,
20228,
20824,
1997,
3919,
3688,
1010,
2510,
3941,
1010,
6315,
4475,
1998,
2060,
5350,
1012,
2947,
1010,
1996,
3318,
2013,
4548,
3741,
2001,
2058,
2871,
3867,
1997,
1996,
3318,
2762,
5067,
2013,
14952,
1010,
1037,
3275,
2029,
3445,
2000,
3053,
2871,
3867,
1997,
2561,
2446,
3318,
2004,
1996,
2162,
2253,
2006,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2264,
1010,
1996,
3832,
12154,
1997,
3393,
10609,
21338,
4887,
2213,
2020,
2196,
12754,
2004,
19857,
6593,
24133,
2392,
1011,
3210,
1998,
3354,
8040,
2953,
7690,
3011,
6043,
6380,
4219,
2000,
1996,
2446,
17347,
1012,
4406,
1999,
1996,
2225,
1010,
1996,
6394,
5762,
3343,
6628,
6034,
24083,
2114,
2054,
2009,
2641,
2000,
2022,
1996,
1000,
14092,
2111,
1000,
1997,
13838,
6934,
1025,
2087,
2446,
9849,
2020,
2947,
2628,
2011,
3742,
23482,
1998,
2162,
6997,
1012,
1996,
13157,
2730,
2019,
4358,
1016,
1012,
6255,
2454,
5636,
10567,
2076,
1996,
2162,
1999,
2804,
2000,
3907,
1011,
3644,
5694,
1997,
1996,
11513,
1012,
1031,
1026,
8487,
2516,
1027,
1000,
2023,
4366,
3791,
7604,
2000,
2488,
4216,
1012,
1006,
2251,
16798,
2509,
1007,
1000,
1028,
2488,
3120,
2734,
1026,
1013,
8487,
1028,
1033,
2348,
5012,
2967,
2719,
1999,
2087,
4548,
6500,
1010,
2027,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"did",
"not",
"significantly",
"ham",
"##per",
"german",
"operations",
"in",
"either",
"the",
"east",
"or",
"the",
"west",
"until",
"late",
"1943",
".",
"in",
"asia",
",",
"japan",
"termed",
"nations",
"under",
"its",
"occupation",
"as",
"being",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"greater",
"east",
"asia",
"co",
"-",
"prosperity",
"sphere",
",",
"essentially",
"a",
"japanese",
"he",
"##ge",
"##mony",
"which",
"it",
"claimed",
"was",
"for",
"purposes",
"of",
"li",
"##ber",
"##ating",
"colon",
"##ised",
"peoples",
".",
"although",
"japanese",
"forces",
"were",
"sometimes",
"welcomed",
"as",
"li",
"##ber",
"##ators",
"from",
"european",
"domination",
",",
"japanese",
"war",
"crimes",
"frequently",
"turned",
"local",
"public",
"opinion",
"against",
"them",
".",
"during",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"initial",
"conquest",
",",
"it",
"captured",
"4",
",",
"000",
",",
"000",
"barrels",
"(",
"640",
",",
"000",
"m3",
")",
"of",
"oil",
"(",
"~",
"550",
",",
"000",
"tonnes",
")",
"left",
"behind",
"by",
"retreating",
"allied",
"forces",
";",
"and",
"by",
"1943",
",",
"was",
"able",
"to",
"get",
"production",
"in",
"the",
"dutch",
"east",
"indies",
"up",
"to",
"50",
"million",
"barrels",
"(",
"7",
",",
"900",
",",
"000",
"m3",
")",
"of",
"oil",
"(",
"~",
"6",
".",
"8",
"million",
"tonnes",
")",
",",
"76",
"percent",
"of",
"its",
"1940",
"output",
"rate",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1930s",
"britain",
"and",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"of",
"america",
"together",
"controlled",
"almost",
"75",
"%",
"of",
"world",
"mineral",
"output",
"-",
"essential",
"for",
"projecting",
"military",
"power",
".",
"in",
"europe",
",",
"before",
"the",
"outbreak",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"had",
"significant",
"advantages",
"in",
"both",
"population",
"and",
"economics",
".",
"in",
"1938",
",",
"the",
"western",
"allies",
"(",
"united",
"kingdom",
",",
"france",
",",
"poland",
"and",
"the",
"british",
"dominion",
"##s",
")",
"had",
"a",
"30",
"percent",
"larger",
"population",
"and",
"a",
"30",
"percent",
"higher",
"gross",
"domestic",
"product",
"than",
"the",
"european",
"axis",
"powers",
"(",
"germany",
"and",
"italy",
")",
";",
"including",
"colonies",
",",
"the",
"allies",
"had",
"more",
"than",
"a",
"5",
":",
"1",
"advantage",
"in",
"population",
"and",
"a",
"nearly",
"2",
":",
"1",
"advantage",
"in",
"gdp",
".",
"in",
"asia",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"time",
",",
"china",
"had",
"roughly",
"six",
"times",
"the",
"population",
"of",
"japan",
"but",
"only",
"an",
"89",
"percent",
"higher",
"gdp",
";",
"this",
"reduces",
"to",
"three",
"times",
"the",
"population",
"and",
"only",
"a",
"38",
"percent",
"higher",
"gdp",
"if",
"japanese",
"colonies",
"are",
"included",
".",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"produced",
"about",
"two",
"-",
"thirds",
"of",
"all",
"munitions",
"used",
"by",
"the",
"allies",
"in",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
",",
"including",
"warships",
",",
"transports",
",",
"warp",
"##lane",
"##s",
",",
"artillery",
",",
"tanks",
",",
"trucks",
",",
"and",
"ammunition",
".",
"though",
"the",
"allies",
"'",
"economic",
"and",
"population",
"advantages",
"were",
"largely",
"mit",
"##igate",
"##d",
"during",
"the",
"initial",
"rapid",
"blitz",
"##kr",
"##ieg",
"attacks",
"of",
"germany",
"and",
"japan",
",",
"they",
"became",
"the",
"decisive",
"factor",
"by",
"1942",
",",
"after",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"and",
"soviet",
"union",
"joined",
"the",
"allies",
"and",
"the",
"war",
"evolved",
"into",
"one",
"of",
"at",
"##tri",
"##tion",
".",
"while",
"the",
"allies",
"'",
"ability",
"to",
"out",
"-",
"produce",
"the",
"axis",
"was",
"partly",
"due",
"to",
"more",
"access",
"to",
"natural",
"resources",
",",
"other",
"factors",
",",
"such",
"as",
"germany",
"and",
"japan",
"'",
"s",
"reluctance",
"to",
"employ",
"women",
"in",
"the",
"labour",
"force",
",",
"allied",
"strategic",
"bombing",
",",
"and",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"late",
"shift",
"to",
"a",
"war",
"economy",
"contributed",
"significantly",
".",
"additionally",
",",
"neither",
"germany",
"nor",
"japan",
"planned",
"to",
"fight",
"a",
"pro",
"##tracted",
"war",
",",
"and",
"had",
"not",
"equipped",
"themselves",
"to",
"do",
"so"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 32,
"end_token_idx": 39,
"identifier": "/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere",
"tokens": [
"greater",
"east",
"asia",
"co",
"-",
"prosperity",
"sphere"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 43,
"end_token_idx": 46,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hegemony",
"tokens": [
"he",
"##ge",
"##mony"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 74,
"end_token_idx": 77,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"war",
"crimes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 417,
"end_token_idx": 420,
"identifier": "/wiki/Attrition_warfare",
"tokens": [
"at",
"##tri",
"##tion"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 458,
"end_token_idx": 460,
"identifier": "/wiki/Workforce",
"tokens": [
"labour",
"force"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 464,
"identifier": "/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"strategic",
"bombing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 473,
"end_token_idx": 475,
"identifier": "/wiki/War_economy",
"tokens": [
"war",
"economy"
]
}
] | [
101,
2106,
2025,
6022,
10654,
4842,
2446,
3136,
1999,
2593,
1996,
2264,
2030,
1996,
2225,
2127,
2397,
3826,
1012,
1999,
4021,
1010,
2900,
12061,
3741,
2104,
2049,
6139,
2004,
2108,
2112,
1997,
1996,
3618,
2264,
4021,
2522,
1011,
14165,
10336,
1010,
7687,
1037,
2887,
2002,
3351,
22847,
2029,
2009,
3555,
2001,
2005,
5682,
1997,
5622,
5677,
5844,
16844,
5084,
7243,
1012,
2348,
2887,
2749,
2020,
2823,
10979,
2004,
5622,
5677,
18926,
2013,
2647,
17882,
1010,
2887,
2162,
6997,
4703,
2357,
2334,
2270,
5448,
2114,
2068,
1012,
2076,
2900,
1005,
1055,
3988,
9187,
1010,
2009,
4110,
1018,
1010,
2199,
1010,
2199,
13826,
1006,
19714,
1010,
2199,
29061,
1007,
1997,
3514,
1006,
1066,
13274,
1010,
2199,
11000,
1007,
2187,
2369,
2011,
17512,
6035,
2749,
1025,
1998,
2011,
3826,
1010,
2001,
2583,
2000,
2131,
2537,
1999,
1996,
3803,
2264,
9429,
2039,
2000,
2753,
2454,
13826,
1006,
1021,
1010,
7706,
1010,
2199,
29061,
1007,
1997,
3514,
1006,
1066,
1020,
1012,
1022,
2454,
11000,
1007,
1010,
6146,
3867,
1997,
2049,
3878,
6434,
3446,
1012,
1999,
1996,
5687,
3725,
1998,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1997,
2637,
2362,
4758,
2471,
4293,
1003,
1997,
2088,
9754,
6434,
1011,
6827,
2005,
18398,
2510,
2373,
1012,
1999,
2885,
1010,
2077,
1996,
8293,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1010,
1996,
6956,
2018,
3278,
12637,
1999,
2119,
2313,
1998,
5543,
1012,
1999,
4260,
1010,
1996,
2530,
6956,
1006,
2142,
2983,
1010,
2605,
1010,
3735,
1998,
1996,
2329,
13738,
2015,
1007,
2018,
1037,
2382,
3867,
3469,
2313,
1998,
1037,
2382,
3867,
3020,
7977,
4968,
4031,
2084,
1996,
2647,
8123,
4204,
1006,
2762,
1998,
3304,
1007,
1025,
2164,
8355,
1010,
1996,
6956,
2018,
2062,
2084,
1037,
1019,
1024,
1015,
5056,
1999,
2313,
1998,
1037,
3053,
1016,
1024,
1015,
5056,
1999,
14230,
1012,
1999,
4021,
2012,
1996,
2168,
2051,
1010,
2859,
2018,
5560,
2416,
2335,
1996,
2313,
1997,
2900,
2021,
2069,
2019,
6486,
3867,
3020,
14230,
1025,
2023,
13416,
2000,
2093,
2335,
1996,
2313,
1998,
2069,
1037,
4229,
3867,
3020,
14230,
2065,
2887,
8355,
2024,
2443,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2550,
2055,
2048,
1011,
12263,
1997,
2035,
21061,
2109,
2011,
1996,
6956,
1999,
2088,
2162,
2462,
1010,
2164,
15964,
1010,
19003,
1010,
24136,
20644,
2015,
1010,
4893,
1010,
7286,
1010,
9322,
1010,
1998,
9290,
1012,
2295,
1996,
6956,
1005,
3171,
1998,
2313,
12637,
2020,
4321,
10210,
28731,
2094,
2076,
1996,
3988,
5915,
22312,
21638,
28872,
4491,
1997,
2762,
1998,
2900,
1010,
2027,
2150,
1996,
13079,
5387,
2011,
3758,
1010,
2044,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1998,
3354,
2586,
2587,
1996,
6956,
1998,
1996,
2162,
7964,
2046,
2028,
1997,
2012,
18886,
3508,
1012,
2096,
1996,
6956,
1005,
3754,
2000,
2041,
1011,
3965,
1996,
8123,
2001,
6576,
2349,
2000,
2062,
3229,
2000,
3019,
4219,
1010,
2060,
5876,
1010,
2107,
2004,
2762,
1998,
2900,
1005,
1055,
21662,
2000,
12666,
2308,
1999,
1996,
4428,
2486,
1010,
6035,
6143,
8647,
1010,
1998,
2762,
1005,
1055,
2397,
5670,
2000,
1037,
2162,
4610,
5201,
6022,
1012,
5678,
1010,
4445,
2762,
4496,
2900,
3740,
2000,
2954,
1037,
4013,
24301,
2162,
1010,
1998,
2018,
2025,
6055,
3209,
2000,
2079,
2061,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
".",
"to",
"improve",
"their",
"production",
",",
"germany",
"and",
"japan",
"used",
"millions",
"of",
"slave",
"labourers",
";",
"germany",
"enslaved",
"about",
"12",
"million",
"people",
",",
"mostly",
"from",
"eastern",
"europe",
",",
"while",
"japan",
"used",
"more",
"than",
"18",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"far",
"east",
"asia",
".",
"aircraft",
"were",
"used",
"for",
"reconnaissance",
",",
"as",
"fighters",
",",
"bombers",
",",
"and",
"ground",
"-",
"support",
",",
"and",
"each",
"role",
"developed",
"considerably",
".",
"innovations",
"included",
"airlift",
"(",
"the",
"capability",
"to",
"quickly",
"move",
"limited",
"high",
"-",
"priority",
"supplies",
",",
"equipment",
",",
"and",
"personnel",
")",
";",
"and",
"strategic",
"bombing",
"(",
"the",
"bombing",
"of",
"enemy",
"industrial",
"and",
"population",
"centres",
"to",
"destroy",
"the",
"enemy",
"'",
"s",
"ability",
"to",
"wage",
"war",
")",
".",
"anti",
"-",
"aircraft",
"weaponry",
"also",
"advanced",
",",
"including",
"defences",
"such",
"as",
"radar",
"and",
"surface",
"-",
"to",
"-",
"air",
"artillery",
",",
"in",
"particular",
"the",
"introduction",
"of",
"the",
"proximity",
"fu",
"##ze",
".",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"the",
"jet",
"aircraft",
"was",
"pioneered",
"and",
"led",
"to",
"jets",
"becoming",
"standard",
"in",
"air",
"forces",
"worldwide",
".",
"advances",
"were",
"made",
"in",
"nearly",
"every",
"aspect",
"of",
"naval",
"warfare",
",",
"most",
"notably",
"with",
"aircraft",
"carriers",
"and",
"submarines",
".",
"although",
"aeronautical",
"warfare",
"had",
"relatively",
"little",
"success",
"at",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"actions",
"at",
"tara",
"##nto",
",",
"pearl",
"harbor",
",",
"and",
"the",
"coral",
"sea",
"established",
"the",
"carrier",
"as",
"the",
"dominant",
"capital",
"ship",
"(",
"in",
"place",
"of",
"the",
"battleship",
")",
".",
"in",
"the",
"atlantic",
",",
"escort",
"carriers",
"became",
"a",
"vital",
"part",
"of",
"allied",
"convoys",
",",
"increasing",
"the",
"effective",
"protection",
"radius",
"and",
"helping",
"to",
"close",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"atlantic",
"gap",
".",
"carriers",
"were",
"also",
"more",
"economical",
"than",
"battleships",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"relatively",
"low",
"cost",
"of",
"aircraft",
"and",
"because",
"they",
"are",
"not",
"required",
"to",
"be",
"as",
"heavily",
"armoured",
".",
"submarines",
",",
"which",
"had",
"proved",
"to",
"be",
"an",
"effective",
"weapon",
"during",
"the",
"first",
"world",
"war",
",",
"were",
"expected",
"by",
"all",
"combatants",
"to",
"be",
"important",
"in",
"the",
"second",
".",
"the",
"british",
"focused",
"development",
"on",
"anti",
"-",
"submarine",
"weaponry",
"and",
"tactics",
",",
"such",
"as",
"sonar",
"and",
"convoys",
",",
"while",
"germany",
"focused",
"on",
"improving",
"its",
"offensive",
"capability",
",",
"with",
"designs",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"type",
"vii",
"submarine",
"and",
"wolf",
"##pack",
"tactics",
".",
"[",
"<",
"span",
"title",
"=",
"\"",
"this",
"is",
"arguably",
"a",
"reference",
"in",
"passing",
"–",
"the",
"book",
"is",
"about",
"the",
"design",
"of",
"submarines",
"and",
"deals",
"with",
"this",
"fairly",
"superficial",
"##ly",
".",
"also",
"reference",
"in",
"article",
"only",
"points",
"to",
"a",
"review",
"of",
"this",
"book",
".",
"(",
"july",
"2020",
")",
"\"",
">",
"better",
"source",
"needed",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">",
"]",
"gradually",
",",
"improving",
"allied",
"technologies",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"leigh",
"light",
",",
"hedge",
"##hog",
",",
"squid",
",",
"and",
"ho",
"##ming",
"torpedoes",
"proved",
"effective",
"against",
"german",
"submarines",
".",
"land",
"warfare",
"changed",
"from",
"the",
"static",
"front",
"##lines",
"of",
"trench",
"warfare",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"i",
",",
"which",
"had",
"relied",
"on",
"improved",
"artillery",
"that",
"out",
"##mat",
"##ched",
"the",
"speed",
"of",
"both",
"infantry",
"and",
"cavalry",
",",
"to",
"increased",
"mobility",
"and",
"combined",
"arms",
".",
"the",
"tank",
",",
"which",
"had",
"been",
"used",
"predominantly",
"for",
"infantry",
"support",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"world",
"war",
",",
"had",
"evolved",
"into",
"the",
"primary",
"weapon",
".",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"1930s",
",",
"tank",
"design",
"was",
"considerably",
"more",
"advanced"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 12,
"end_token_idx": 14,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slavery",
"tokens": [
"slave",
"labourers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 15,
"end_token_idx": 17,
"identifier": "/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"germany",
"enslaved"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 28,
"end_token_idx": 30,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slavery_in_Japan",
"tokens": [
"japan",
"used"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 44,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft",
"tokens": [
"reconnaissance"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 47,
"end_token_idx": 48,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fighter_aircraft",
"tokens": [
"fighters"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 49,
"end_token_idx": 50,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bomber",
"tokens": [
"bombers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 52,
"end_token_idx": 55,
"identifier": "/wiki/Close_air_support",
"tokens": [
"ground",
"-",
"support"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 64,
"end_token_idx": 65,
"identifier": "/wiki/Airlift",
"tokens": [
"airlift"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 84,
"end_token_idx": 86,
"identifier": "/wiki/Strategic_bombing",
"tokens": [
"strategic",
"bombing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 107,
"end_token_idx": 111,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare",
"tokens": [
"anti",
"-",
"aircraft",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 118,
"end_token_idx": 119,
"identifier": "/wiki/Radar",
"tokens": [
"radar"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 133,
"end_token_idx": 136,
"identifier": "/wiki/Proximity_fuze",
"tokens": [
"proximity",
"fu",
"##ze"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 141,
"end_token_idx": 143,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jet_aircraft",
"tokens": [
"jet",
"aircraft"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 164,
"end_token_idx": 166,
"identifier": "/wiki/Naval_warfare",
"tokens": [
"naval",
"warfare"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 170,
"end_token_idx": 172,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aircraft_carrier",
"tokens": [
"aircraft",
"carriers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 173,
"end_token_idx": 174,
"identifier": "/wiki/Submarine",
"tokens": [
"submarines"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 176,
"end_token_idx": 177,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aeronautics",
"tokens": [
"aeronautical"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 189,
"end_token_idx": 193,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_Taranto",
"tokens": [
"actions",
"at",
"tara",
"##nto"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 194,
"end_token_idx": 196,
"identifier": "/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor",
"tokens": [
"pearl",
"harbor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 199,
"end_token_idx": 201,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea",
"tokens": [
"coral",
"sea"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 221,
"end_token_idx": 223,
"identifier": "/wiki/Escort_carrier",
"tokens": [
"escort",
"carriers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 245,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_gap",
"tokens": [
"mid",
"-",
"atlantic",
"gap"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 252,
"end_token_idx": 253,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battleship",
"tokens": [
"battleships"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 285,
"end_token_idx": 288,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_I",
"tokens": [
"first",
"world",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 306,
"end_token_idx": 309,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare",
"tokens": [
"anti",
"-",
"submarine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 309,
"end_token_idx": 310,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anti-submarine_weapon",
"tokens": [
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 315,
"end_token_idx": 316,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sonar",
"tokens": [
"sonar"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 333,
"end_token_idx": 336,
"identifier": "/wiki/Type_VII_submarine",
"tokens": [
"type",
"vii",
"submarine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 337,
"end_token_idx": 339,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wolfpack_(naval_tactic)",
"tokens": [
"wolf",
"##pack"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 342,
"end_token_idx": 397,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS",
"tokens": [
"<",
"span",
"title",
"=",
"\"",
"this",
"is",
"arguably",
"a",
"reference",
"in",
"passing",
"–",
"the",
"book",
"is",
"about",
"the",
"design",
"of",
"submarines",
"and",
"deals",
"with",
"this",
"fairly",
"superficial",
"##ly",
".",
"also",
"reference",
"in",
"article",
"only",
"points",
"to",
"a",
"review",
"of",
"this",
"book",
".",
"(",
"july",
"2020",
")",
"\"",
">",
"better",
"source",
"needed",
"<",
"/",
"span",
">"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 406,
"end_token_idx": 408,
"identifier": "/wiki/Leigh_Light",
"tokens": [
"leigh",
"light"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 409,
"end_token_idx": 411,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hedgehog_(weapon)",
"tokens": [
"hedge",
"##hog"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 412,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Squid_(weapon)",
"tokens": [
"squid"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 415,
"end_token_idx": 418,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mark_24_mine",
"tokens": [
"ho",
"##ming",
"torpedoes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 424,
"end_token_idx": 426,
"identifier": "/wiki/Land_warfare",
"tokens": [
"land",
"warfare"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 433,
"end_token_idx": 435,
"identifier": "/wiki/Trench_warfare",
"tokens": [
"trench",
"warfare"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 445,
"end_token_idx": 446,
"identifier": "/wiki/Artillery",
"tokens": [
"artillery"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 454,
"end_token_idx": 455,
"identifier": "/wiki/Infantry",
"tokens": [
"infantry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 456,
"end_token_idx": 457,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cavalry",
"tokens": [
"cavalry"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 464,
"identifier": "/wiki/Combined_arms",
"tokens": [
"combined",
"arms"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 466,
"end_token_idx": 467,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tank",
"tokens": [
"tank"
]
}
] | [
101,
1012,
2000,
5335,
2037,
2537,
1010,
2762,
1998,
2900,
2109,
8817,
1997,
6658,
24043,
1025,
2762,
22216,
2055,
2260,
2454,
2111,
1010,
3262,
2013,
2789,
2885,
1010,
2096,
2900,
2109,
2062,
2084,
2324,
2454,
2111,
1999,
2521,
2264,
4021,
1012,
2948,
2020,
2109,
2005,
8967,
1010,
2004,
7299,
1010,
10544,
1010,
1998,
2598,
1011,
2490,
1010,
1998,
2169,
2535,
2764,
9839,
1012,
15463,
2443,
20019,
1006,
1996,
10673,
2000,
2855,
2693,
3132,
2152,
1011,
9470,
6067,
1010,
3941,
1010,
1998,
5073,
1007,
1025,
1998,
6143,
8647,
1006,
1996,
8647,
1997,
4099,
3919,
1998,
2313,
8941,
2000,
6033,
1996,
4099,
1005,
1055,
3754,
2000,
11897,
2162,
1007,
1012,
3424,
1011,
2948,
22711,
2036,
3935,
1010,
2164,
16828,
2107,
2004,
7217,
1998,
3302,
1011,
2000,
1011,
2250,
4893,
1010,
1999,
3327,
1996,
4955,
1997,
1996,
10039,
11865,
4371,
1012,
1996,
2224,
1997,
1996,
6892,
2948,
2001,
16193,
1998,
2419,
2000,
9924,
3352,
3115,
1999,
2250,
2749,
4969,
1012,
9849,
2020,
2081,
1999,
3053,
2296,
7814,
1997,
3987,
8309,
1010,
2087,
5546,
2007,
2948,
11363,
1998,
12622,
1012,
2348,
25010,
8309,
2018,
4659,
2210,
3112,
2012,
1996,
2707,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1010,
4506,
2012,
10225,
13663,
1010,
7247,
6496,
1010,
1998,
1996,
11034,
2712,
2511,
1996,
6839,
2004,
1996,
7444,
3007,
2911,
1006,
1999,
2173,
1997,
1996,
17224,
1007,
1012,
1999,
1996,
4448,
1010,
8620,
11363,
2150,
1037,
8995,
2112,
1997,
6035,
23083,
1010,
4852,
1996,
4621,
3860,
12177,
1998,
5094,
2000,
2485,
1996,
3054,
1011,
4448,
6578,
1012,
11363,
2020,
2036,
2062,
21791,
2084,
21327,
2349,
2000,
1996,
4659,
2659,
3465,
1997,
2948,
1998,
2138,
2027,
2024,
2025,
3223,
2000,
2022,
2004,
4600,
11104,
1012,
12622,
1010,
2029,
2018,
4928,
2000,
2022,
2019,
4621,
5195,
2076,
1996,
2034,
2088,
2162,
1010,
2020,
3517,
2011,
2035,
26622,
2000,
2022,
2590,
1999,
1996,
2117,
1012,
1996,
2329,
4208,
2458,
2006,
3424,
1011,
6982,
22711,
1998,
9887,
1010,
2107,
2004,
24609,
1998,
23083,
1010,
2096,
2762,
4208,
2006,
9229,
2049,
5805,
10673,
1010,
2007,
5617,
2107,
2004,
1996,
2828,
8890,
6982,
1998,
4702,
23947,
9887,
1012,
1031,
1026,
8487,
2516,
1027,
1000,
2023,
2003,
15835,
1037,
4431,
1999,
4458,
1516,
1996,
2338,
2003,
2055,
1996,
2640,
1997,
12622,
1998,
9144,
2007,
2023,
7199,
23105,
2135,
1012,
2036,
4431,
1999,
3720,
2069,
2685,
2000,
1037,
3319,
1997,
2023,
2338,
1012,
1006,
2251,
12609,
1007,
1000,
1028,
2488,
3120,
2734,
1026,
1013,
8487,
1028,
1033,
6360,
1010,
9229,
6035,
6786,
2107,
2004,
1996,
11797,
2422,
1010,
17834,
25852,
1010,
26852,
1010,
1998,
7570,
6562,
18544,
4928,
4621,
2114,
2446,
12622,
1012,
2455,
8309,
2904,
2013,
1996,
10763,
2392,
12735,
1997,
14185,
8309,
1997,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1010,
2029,
2018,
13538,
2006,
5301,
4893,
2008,
2041,
18900,
7690,
1996,
3177,
1997,
2119,
3939,
1998,
5945,
1010,
2000,
3445,
12969,
1998,
4117,
2608,
1012,
1996,
4951,
1010,
2029,
2018,
2042,
2109,
9197,
2005,
3939,
2490,
1999,
1996,
2034,
2088,
2162,
1010,
2018,
7964,
2046,
1996,
3078,
5195,
1012,
1999,
1996,
2397,
5687,
1010,
4951,
2640,
2001,
9839,
2062,
3935,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"than",
"it",
"had",
"been",
"during",
"world",
"war",
"i",
",",
"and",
"advances",
"continued",
"throughout",
"the",
"war",
"with",
"increases",
"in",
"speed",
",",
"armour",
"and",
"fire",
"##power",
".",
"at",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"most",
"commanders",
"thought",
"enemy",
"tanks",
"should",
"be",
"met",
"by",
"tanks",
"with",
"superior",
"specifications",
".",
"this",
"idea",
"was",
"challenged",
"by",
"the",
"poor",
"performance",
"of",
"the",
"relatively",
"light",
"early",
"tank",
"guns",
"against",
"armour",
",",
"and",
"german",
"doctrine",
"of",
"avoiding",
"tank",
"-",
"versus",
"-",
"tank",
"combat",
".",
"this",
",",
"along",
"with",
"germany",
"'",
"s",
"use",
"of",
"combined",
"arms",
",",
"were",
"among",
"the",
"key",
"elements",
"of",
"their",
"highly",
"successful",
"blitz",
"##kr",
"##ieg",
"tactics",
"across",
"poland",
"and",
"france",
".",
"many",
"means",
"of",
"destroying",
"tanks",
",",
"including",
"indirect",
"artillery",
",",
"anti",
"-",
"tank",
"guns",
"(",
"both",
"towed",
"and",
"self",
"-",
"propelled",
")",
",",
"mines",
",",
"short",
"-",
"ranged",
"infantry",
"anti",
"##tan",
"##k",
"weapons",
",",
"and",
"other",
"tanks",
"were",
"used",
".",
"even",
"with",
"large",
"-",
"scale",
"me",
"##chan",
"##isation",
",",
"infantry",
"remained",
"the",
"backbone",
"of",
"all",
"forces",
",",
"and",
"throughout",
"the",
"war",
",",
"most",
"infantry",
"were",
"equipped",
"similarly",
"to",
"world",
"war",
"i",
".",
"the",
"portable",
"machine",
"gun",
"spread",
",",
"a",
"notable",
"example",
"being",
"the",
"german",
"mg",
"34",
",",
"and",
"various",
"sub",
"##mac",
"##hine",
"guns",
"which",
"were",
"suited",
"to",
"close",
"combat",
"in",
"urban",
"and",
"jungle",
"settings",
".",
"the",
"assault",
"rifle",
",",
"a",
"late",
"war",
"development",
"incorporating",
"many",
"features",
"of",
"the",
"rifle",
"and",
"sub",
"##mac",
"##hine",
"gun",
",",
"became",
"the",
"standard",
"post",
"-",
"war",
"infantry",
"weapon",
"for",
"most",
"armed",
"forces",
".",
"most",
"major",
"bell",
"##iger",
"##ents",
"attempted",
"to",
"solve",
"the",
"problems",
"of",
"complexity",
"and",
"security",
"involved",
"in",
"using",
"large",
"code",
"##books",
"for",
"crypt",
"##ography",
"by",
"designing",
"cipher",
"##ing",
"machines",
",",
"the",
"most",
"well",
"-",
"known",
"being",
"the",
"german",
"enigma",
"machine",
".",
"development",
"of",
"si",
"##gin",
"##t",
"(",
"signals",
"intelligence",
")",
"and",
"crypt",
"##analysis",
"enabled",
"the",
"counter",
"##ing",
"process",
"of",
"dec",
"##ry",
"##ption",
".",
"notable",
"examples",
"were",
"the",
"allied",
"dec",
"##ry",
"##ption",
"of",
"japanese",
"naval",
"codes",
"and",
"british",
"ultra",
",",
"a",
"pioneering",
"method",
"for",
"deco",
"##ding",
"enigma",
"that",
"benefited",
"from",
"information",
"given",
"to",
"the",
"united",
"kingdom",
"by",
"the",
"polish",
"cipher",
"bureau",
",",
"which",
"had",
"been",
"deco",
"##ding",
"early",
"versions",
"of",
"enigma",
"before",
"the",
"war",
".",
"another",
"component",
"of",
"military",
"intelligence",
"was",
"deception",
",",
"which",
"the",
"allies",
"used",
"to",
"great",
"effect",
"in",
"operations",
"such",
"as",
"min",
"##ce",
"##me",
"##at",
"and",
"bodyguard",
".",
"other",
"technological",
"and",
"engineering",
"feat",
"##s",
"achieved",
"during",
",",
"or",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"of",
",",
"the",
"war",
"include",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"first",
"program",
"##mable",
"computers",
"(",
"z",
"##3",
",",
"col",
"##oss",
"##us",
",",
"and",
"en",
"##iac",
")",
",",
"guided",
"missiles",
"and",
"modern",
"rockets",
",",
"the",
"manhattan",
"project",
"'",
"s",
"development",
"of",
"nuclear",
"weapons",
",",
"operations",
"research",
",",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"artificial",
"harbour",
"##s",
",",
"and",
"oil",
"pipeline",
"##s",
"under",
"the",
"english",
"channel",
".",
"pen",
"##ici",
"##llin",
"was",
"first",
"developed",
",",
"mass",
"-",
"produced",
",",
"and",
"used",
"during",
"the",
"war",
"."
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 10,
"end_token_idx": 15,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tanks_in_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"advances",
"continued",
"throughout",
"the",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 109,
"end_token_idx": 111,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare",
"tokens": [
"destroying",
"tanks"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 113,
"end_token_idx": 115,
"identifier": "/wiki/Indirect_fire",
"tokens": [
"indirect",
"artillery"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 116,
"end_token_idx": 120,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anti-tank_gun",
"tokens": [
"anti",
"-",
"tank",
"guns"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 124,
"end_token_idx": 127,
"identifier": "/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery",
"tokens": [
"self",
"-",
"propelled"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 129,
"end_token_idx": 130,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anti-tank_mine",
"tokens": [
"mines"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 190,
"end_token_idx": 192,
"identifier": "/wiki/MG_34",
"tokens": [
"mg",
"34"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 195,
"end_token_idx": 199,
"identifier": "/wiki/Submachine_gun",
"tokens": [
"sub",
"##mac",
"##hine",
"guns"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 203,
"end_token_idx": 205,
"identifier": "/wiki/Close_combat",
"tokens": [
"close",
"combat"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 212,
"end_token_idx": 214,
"identifier": "/wiki/Assault_rifle",
"tokens": [
"assault",
"rifle"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 262,
"end_token_idx": 264,
"identifier": "/wiki/Codebook",
"tokens": [
"code",
"##books"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 265,
"end_token_idx": 267,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cryptography",
"tokens": [
"crypt",
"##ography"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 269,
"end_token_idx": 271,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cipher",
"tokens": [
"cipher",
"##ing"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 281,
"end_token_idx": 283,
"identifier": "/wiki/Enigma_machine",
"tokens": [
"enigma",
"machine"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 286,
"end_token_idx": 289,
"identifier": "/wiki/SIGINT",
"tokens": [
"si",
"##gin",
"##t"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 294,
"end_token_idx": 296,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cryptanalysis",
"tokens": [
"crypt",
"##analysis"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 315,
"end_token_idx": 318,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_naval_codes",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"naval",
"codes"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 320,
"end_token_idx": 321,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ultra_(cryptography)",
"tokens": [
"ultra"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 323,
"end_token_idx": 325,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bombe#The_British_Bombe",
"tokens": [
"pioneering",
"method"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 340,
"end_token_idx": 343,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cipher_Bureau_(Poland)#Gift_to_allies",
"tokens": [
"polish",
"cipher",
"bureau"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 360,
"end_token_idx": 362,
"identifier": "/wiki/Military_intelligence",
"tokens": [
"military",
"intelligence"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 363,
"end_token_idx": 364,
"identifier": "/wiki/Deception",
"tokens": [
"deception"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 376,
"end_token_idx": 380,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Mincemeat",
"tokens": [
"min",
"##ce",
"##me",
"##at"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 381,
"end_token_idx": 382,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Bodyguard",
"tokens": [
"bodyguard"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 410,
"end_token_idx": 412,
"identifier": "/wiki/Z3_(computer)",
"tokens": [
"z",
"##3"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 413,
"end_token_idx": 416,
"identifier": "/wiki/Colossus_computer",
"tokens": [
"col",
"##oss",
"##us"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 418,
"end_token_idx": 420,
"identifier": "/wiki/ENIAC",
"tokens": [
"en",
"##iac"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 422,
"end_token_idx": 424,
"identifier": "/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb",
"tokens": [
"guided",
"missiles"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 425,
"end_token_idx": 427,
"identifier": "/wiki/V-2_rocket",
"tokens": [
"modern",
"rockets"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 429,
"end_token_idx": 431,
"identifier": "/wiki/Manhattan_Project",
"tokens": [
"manhattan",
"project"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 435,
"end_token_idx": 437,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapon",
"tokens": [
"nuclear",
"weapons"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 438,
"end_token_idx": 440,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operations_research",
"tokens": [
"operations",
"research"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 444,
"end_token_idx": 447,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mulberry_harbour",
"tokens": [
"artificial",
"harbour",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 449,
"end_token_idx": 456,
"identifier": "/wiki/Operation_Pluto",
"tokens": [
"oil",
"pipeline",
"##s",
"under",
"the",
"english",
"channel"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 457,
"end_token_idx": 460,
"identifier": "/wiki/Penicillin",
"tokens": [
"pen",
"##ici",
"##llin"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 462,
"end_token_idx": 470,
"identifier": "/wiki/History_of_penicillin",
"tokens": [
"developed",
",",
"mass",
"-",
"produced",
",",
"and",
"used"
]
}
] | [
101,
2084,
2009,
2018,
2042,
2076,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1010,
1998,
9849,
2506,
2802,
1996,
2162,
2007,
7457,
1999,
3177,
1010,
12371,
1998,
2543,
11452,
1012,
2012,
1996,
2707,
1997,
1996,
2162,
1010,
2087,
11437,
2245,
4099,
7286,
2323,
2022,
2777,
2011,
7286,
2007,
6020,
15480,
1012,
2023,
2801,
2001,
8315,
2011,
1996,
3532,
2836,
1997,
1996,
4659,
2422,
2220,
4951,
4409,
2114,
12371,
1010,
1998,
2446,
8998,
1997,
9992,
4951,
1011,
6431,
1011,
4951,
4337,
1012,
2023,
1010,
2247,
2007,
2762,
1005,
1055,
2224,
1997,
4117,
2608,
1010,
2020,
2426,
1996,
3145,
3787,
1997,
2037,
3811,
3144,
22312,
21638,
28872,
9887,
2408,
3735,
1998,
2605,
1012,
2116,
2965,
1997,
9846,
7286,
1010,
2164,
14958,
4893,
1010,
3424,
1011,
4951,
4409,
1006,
2119,
18948,
1998,
2969,
1011,
15801,
1007,
1010,
7134,
1010,
2460,
1011,
15844,
3939,
3424,
5794,
2243,
4255,
1010,
1998,
2060,
7286,
2020,
2109,
1012,
2130,
2007,
2312,
1011,
4094,
2033,
14856,
6648,
1010,
3939,
2815,
1996,
21505,
1997,
2035,
2749,
1010,
1998,
2802,
1996,
2162,
1010,
2087,
3939,
2020,
6055,
6660,
2000,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1012,
1996,
12109,
3698,
3282,
3659,
1010,
1037,
3862,
2742,
2108,
1996,
2446,
11460,
4090,
1010,
1998,
2536,
4942,
22911,
14014,
4409,
2029,
2020,
10897,
2000,
2485,
4337,
1999,
3923,
1998,
8894,
10906,
1012,
1996,
6101,
5883,
1010,
1037,
2397,
2162,
2458,
13543,
2116,
2838,
1997,
1996,
5883,
1998,
4942,
22911,
14014,
3282,
1010,
2150,
1996,
3115,
2695,
1011,
2162,
3939,
5195,
2005,
2087,
4273,
2749,
1012,
2087,
2350,
4330,
17071,
11187,
4692,
2000,
9611,
1996,
3471,
1997,
11619,
1998,
3036,
2920,
1999,
2478,
2312,
3642,
17470,
2005,
19888,
9888,
2011,
12697,
27715,
2075,
6681,
1010,
1996,
2087,
2092,
1011,
2124,
2108,
1996,
2446,
26757,
3698,
1012,
2458,
1997,
9033,
11528,
2102,
1006,
7755,
4454,
1007,
1998,
19888,
25902,
9124,
1996,
4675,
2075,
2832,
1997,
11703,
2854,
16790,
1012,
3862,
4973,
2020,
1996,
6035,
11703,
2854,
16790,
1997,
2887,
3987,
9537,
1998,
2329,
11087,
1010,
1037,
13280,
4118,
2005,
21933,
4667,
26757,
2008,
19727,
2013,
2592,
2445,
2000,
1996,
2142,
2983,
2011,
1996,
3907,
27715,
4879,
1010,
2029,
2018,
2042,
21933,
4667,
2220,
4617,
1997,
26757,
2077,
1996,
2162,
1012,
2178,
6922,
1997,
2510,
4454,
2001,
17575,
1010,
2029,
1996,
6956,
2109,
2000,
2307,
3466,
1999,
3136,
2107,
2004,
8117,
3401,
4168,
4017,
1998,
16174,
1012,
2060,
10660,
1998,
3330,
8658,
2015,
4719,
2076,
1010,
2030,
2004,
1037,
2765,
1997,
1010,
1996,
2162,
2421,
1996,
2088,
1005,
1055,
2034,
2565,
24088,
7588,
1006,
1062,
2509,
1010,
8902,
15094,
2271,
1010,
1998,
4372,
20469,
1007,
1010,
8546,
10815,
1998,
2715,
12496,
1010,
1996,
7128,
2622,
1005,
1055,
2458,
1997,
4517,
4255,
1010,
3136,
2470,
1010,
1996,
2458,
1997,
7976,
7440,
2015,
1010,
1998,
3514,
13117,
2015,
2104,
1996,
2394,
3149,
1012,
7279,
28775,
21202,
2001,
2034,
2764,
1010,
3742,
1011,
2550,
1010,
1998,
2109,
2076,
1996,
2162,
1012,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"the",
"history",
"of",
"the",
"lands",
"that",
"became",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"began",
"with",
"the",
"arrival",
"of",
"the",
"first",
"people",
"in",
"the",
"americas",
"around",
"15",
",",
"000",
"bc",
".",
"numerous",
"indigenous",
"cultures",
"formed",
",",
"and",
"their",
"societies",
"were",
"reorganized",
"after",
"the",
"european",
"colonization",
"of",
"north",
"america",
"in",
"the",
"late",
"15th",
"century",
".",
"starting",
"in",
"158",
"##5",
",",
"the",
"british",
"empire",
"colon",
"##ized",
"the",
"atlantic",
"coast",
",",
"and",
"by",
"the",
"1760",
"##s",
",",
"the",
"thirteen",
"british",
"colonies",
"were",
"established",
".",
"the",
"southern",
"colonies",
"built",
"an",
"agricultural",
"system",
"on",
"slave",
"labor",
",",
"en",
"##sl",
"##avi",
"##ng",
"millions",
"from",
"africa",
"for",
"this",
"purpose",
".",
"after",
"defeating",
"france",
",",
"the",
"british",
"parliament",
"imposed",
"a",
"series",
"of",
"taxes",
",",
"including",
"the",
"stamp",
"act",
"of",
"1765",
",",
"rejecting",
"the",
"colonists",
"'",
"constitutional",
"argument",
"that",
"new",
"taxes",
"needed",
"their",
"approval",
".",
"resistance",
"to",
"these",
"taxes",
",",
"especially",
"the",
"boston",
"tea",
"party",
"in",
"1773",
",",
"led",
"to",
"parliament",
"issuing",
"the",
"into",
"##ler",
"##able",
"acts",
"designed",
"to",
"end",
"self",
"-",
"government",
".",
"armed",
"conflict",
"began",
"in",
"massachusetts",
"in",
"1775",
".",
"in",
"1776",
",",
"in",
"philadelphia",
",",
"the",
"second",
"continental",
"congress",
"declared",
"the",
"independence",
"of",
"the",
"colonies",
"as",
"the",
"\"",
"united",
"states",
"of",
"america",
"\"",
".",
"led",
"by",
"general",
"george",
"washington",
",",
"it",
"won",
"the",
"revolutionary",
"war",
"in",
"1783",
".",
"the",
"treaty",
"of",
"paris",
"established",
"the",
"borders",
"of",
"the",
"new",
"sovereign",
"state",
".",
"the",
"articles",
"of",
"confederation",
",",
"while",
"establishing",
"a",
"central",
"government",
",",
"was",
"in",
"##ef",
"##fect",
"##ual",
"at",
"providing",
"stability",
".",
"a",
"convention",
"wrote",
"a",
"new",
"constitution",
"that",
"was",
"adopted",
"in",
"1789",
",",
"and",
"a",
"bill",
"of",
"rights",
"was",
"added",
"in",
"1791",
"to",
"guarantee",
"ina",
"##lie",
"##nable",
"rights",
".",
"washington",
",",
"the",
"first",
"president",
",",
"and",
"his",
"adviser",
"alexander",
"hamilton",
"created",
"a",
"strong",
"central",
"government",
".",
"the",
"louisiana",
"purchase",
"in",
"1803",
"doubled",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"country",
".",
"encouraged",
"by",
"available",
",",
"inexpensive",
"land",
"and",
"the",
"notion",
"of",
"manifest",
"destiny",
",",
"the",
"country",
"expanded",
"to",
"the",
"pacific",
"coast",
".",
"the",
"resulting",
"expansion",
"of",
"slavery",
"was",
"increasingly",
"controversial",
",",
"and",
"fueled",
"political",
"and",
"constitutional",
"battles",
"which",
"were",
"resolved",
"by",
"compromise",
"##s",
".",
"slavery",
"was",
"abolished",
"in",
"all",
"states",
"north",
"of",
"the",
"mason",
"–",
"dixon",
"line",
"by",
"1804",
",",
"but",
"it",
"continued",
"in",
"southern",
"states",
"to",
"support",
"their",
"agricultural",
"economy",
".",
"after",
"the",
"election",
"of",
"abraham",
"lincoln",
"as",
"president",
"in",
"1860",
",",
"the",
"southern",
"states",
"sec",
"##eded",
"from",
"the",
"union",
"to",
"form",
"the",
"pro",
"-",
"slavery",
"confederate",
"states",
"of",
"america",
",",
"and",
"started",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
".",
"the",
"confederates",
"'",
"defeat",
"in",
"1865",
"led",
"to",
"the",
"abolition",
"of",
"slavery",
".",
"in",
"the",
"subsequent",
"reconstruction",
"era",
",",
"legal",
"and",
"voting",
"rights",
"were",
"extended",
"to",
"freed",
"male",
"slaves",
".",
"the",
"national",
"government",
"emerged",
"much",
"stronger",
",",
"and",
"gained",
"explicit",
"duty",
"to",
"protect",
"individual",
"rights",
".",
"white",
"southern",
"democrats",
"regained",
"their",
"political",
"power",
"in",
"the",
"south",
"in",
"1877",
",",
"often",
"using",
"paramilitary",
"suppression",
"of",
"voting",
"and",
"jim",
"crow",
"laws",
"to",
"maintain",
"white",
"supremacy",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"new",
"state",
"constitution",
"##s",
"that",
"legal",
"##ized",
"racial",
"discrimination",
"and",
"prevented",
"most",
"african",
"americans",
"from",
"participating",
"in",
"public"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 8,
"end_token_idx": 10,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_States",
"tokens": [
"united",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 15,
"end_token_idx": 21,
"identifier": "/wiki/Peopling_of_the_Americas",
"tokens": [
"the",
"first",
"people",
"in",
"the",
"americas"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 27,
"end_token_idx": 30,
"identifier": "/wiki/Native_American_cultures_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"numerous",
"indigenous",
"cultures"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 39,
"end_token_idx": 44,
"identifier": "/wiki/European_colonization_of_North_America",
"tokens": [
"european",
"colonization",
"of",
"north",
"america"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 52,
"end_token_idx": 54,
"identifier": "/wiki/Roanoke_Colony",
"tokens": [
"158",
"##5"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 56,
"end_token_idx": 58,
"identifier": "/wiki/British_Empire",
"tokens": [
"british",
"empire"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 58,
"end_token_idx": 60,
"identifier": "/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas",
"tokens": [
"colon",
"##ized"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 61,
"end_token_idx": 63,
"identifier": "/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"atlantic",
"coast"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 71,
"end_token_idx": 74,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thirteen_British_colonies",
"tokens": [
"thirteen",
"british",
"colonies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 78,
"end_token_idx": 80,
"identifier": "/wiki/Southern_Colonies",
"tokens": [
"southern",
"colonies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 85,
"end_token_idx": 87,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"slave",
"labor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 88,
"end_token_idx": 95,
"identifier": "/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade",
"tokens": [
"en",
"##sl",
"##avi",
"##ng",
"millions",
"from",
"africa"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 100,
"end_token_idx": 102,
"identifier": "/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars",
"tokens": [
"defeating",
"france"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 105,
"end_token_idx": 106,
"identifier": "/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain",
"tokens": [
"parliament"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 114,
"end_token_idx": 118,
"identifier": "/wiki/Stamp_Act_of_1765",
"tokens": [
"stamp",
"act",
"of",
"1765"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 128,
"end_token_idx": 131,
"identifier": "/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation",
"tokens": [
"needed",
"their",
"approval"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 139,
"end_token_idx": 142,
"identifier": "/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party",
"tokens": [
"boston",
"tea",
"party"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 150,
"end_token_idx": 154,
"identifier": "/wiki/Intolerable_Acts",
"tokens": [
"into",
"##ler",
"##able",
"acts"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 165,
"end_token_idx": 166,
"identifier": "/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay",
"tokens": [
"massachusetts"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 167,
"end_token_idx": 168,
"identifier": "/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord",
"tokens": [
"1775"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 173,
"end_token_idx": 174,
"identifier": "/wiki/Philadelphia",
"tokens": [
"philadelphia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 176,
"end_token_idx": 179,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress",
"tokens": [
"second",
"continental",
"congress"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 182,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence",
"tokens": [
"declared",
"the",
"independence"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 197,
"end_token_idx": 199,
"identifier": "/wiki/George_Washington",
"tokens": [
"george",
"washington"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 203,
"end_token_idx": 205,
"identifier": "/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War",
"tokens": [
"revolutionary",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 212,
"identifier": "/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)",
"tokens": [
"treaty",
"of",
"paris"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 222,
"end_token_idx": 225,
"identifier": "/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation",
"tokens": [
"articles",
"of",
"confederation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 242,
"end_token_idx": 243,
"identifier": "/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)",
"tokens": [
"convention"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 245,
"end_token_idx": 247,
"identifier": "/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"new",
"constitution"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 255,
"end_token_idx": 258,
"identifier": "/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights",
"tokens": [
"bill",
"of",
"rights"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 264,
"end_token_idx": 268,
"identifier": "/wiki/Inalienable_rights",
"tokens": [
"ina",
"##lie",
"##nable",
"rights"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 273,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/President_of_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"president"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 278,
"end_token_idx": 280,
"identifier": "/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton",
"tokens": [
"alexander",
"hamilton"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 287,
"end_token_idx": 289,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase",
"tokens": [
"louisiana",
"purchase"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 308,
"end_token_idx": 310,
"identifier": "/wiki/Manifest_destiny",
"tokens": [
"manifest",
"destiny"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 313,
"end_token_idx": 314,
"identifier": "/wiki/American_frontier",
"tokens": [
"expanded"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 316,
"end_token_idx": 318,
"identifier": "/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"pacific",
"coast"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 323,
"end_token_idx": 324,
"identifier": "/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"slavery"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 347,
"end_token_idx": 348,
"identifier": "/wiki/Northern_United_States",
"tokens": [
"north"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 350,
"end_token_idx": 354,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mason%E2%80%93Dixon_line",
"tokens": [
"mason",
"–",
"dixon",
"line"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 361,
"end_token_idx": 362,
"identifier": "/wiki/Southern_United_States",
"tokens": [
"southern"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 373,
"end_token_idx": 375,
"identifier": "/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln",
"tokens": [
"abraham",
"lincoln"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 375,
"end_token_idx": 379,
"identifier": "/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election",
"tokens": [
"as",
"president",
"in",
"1860"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 385,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ordinance_of_Secession",
"tokens": [
"sec",
"##eded"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 394,
"end_token_idx": 398,
"identifier": "/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America",
"tokens": [
"confederate",
"states",
"of",
"america"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 402,
"end_token_idx": 404,
"identifier": "/wiki/American_Civil_War",
"tokens": [
"civil",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 414,
"end_token_idx": 417,
"identifier": "/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution",
"tokens": [
"abolition",
"of",
"slavery"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 421,
"end_token_idx": 423,
"identifier": "/wiki/Reconstruction_era",
"tokens": [
"reconstruction",
"era"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 424,
"end_token_idx": 430,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution",
"tokens": [
"legal",
"and",
"voting",
"rights",
"were",
"extended"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 431,
"end_token_idx": 434,
"identifier": "/wiki/Freedman",
"tokens": [
"freed",
"male",
"slaves"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 443,
"end_token_idx": 450,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution",
"tokens": [
"gained",
"explicit",
"duty",
"to",
"protect",
"individual",
"rights"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 467,
"end_token_idx": 470,
"identifier": "/wiki/Voter_suppression_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"suppression",
"of",
"voting"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 471,
"end_token_idx": 474,
"identifier": "/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws",
"tokens": [
"jim",
"crow",
"laws"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 476,
"end_token_idx": 478,
"identifier": "/wiki/White_supremacy",
"tokens": [
"white",
"supremacy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 483,
"end_token_idx": 486,
"identifier": "/wiki/State_constitution_(United_States)",
"tokens": [
"state",
"constitution",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 494,
"end_token_idx": 496,
"identifier": "/wiki/African_Americans",
"tokens": [
"african",
"americans"
]
}
] | [
101,
1996,
2381,
1997,
1996,
4915,
2008,
2150,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2211,
2007,
1996,
5508,
1997,
1996,
2034,
2111,
1999,
1996,
10925,
2105,
2321,
1010,
2199,
4647,
1012,
3365,
6284,
8578,
2719,
1010,
1998,
2037,
8384,
2020,
14137,
2044,
1996,
2647,
18962,
1997,
2167,
2637,
1999,
1996,
2397,
6286,
2301,
1012,
3225,
1999,
17696,
2629,
1010,
1996,
2329,
3400,
16844,
3550,
1996,
4448,
3023,
1010,
1998,
2011,
1996,
19096,
2015,
1010,
1996,
7093,
2329,
8355,
2020,
2511,
1012,
1996,
2670,
8355,
2328,
2019,
4910,
2291,
2006,
6658,
4450,
1010,
4372,
14540,
18891,
3070,
8817,
2013,
3088,
2005,
2023,
3800,
1012,
2044,
6324,
2605,
1010,
1996,
2329,
3323,
9770,
1037,
2186,
1997,
7773,
1010,
2164,
1996,
11359,
2552,
1997,
20797,
1010,
21936,
1996,
15526,
1005,
6543,
6685,
2008,
2047,
7773,
2734,
2037,
6226,
1012,
5012,
2000,
2122,
7773,
1010,
2926,
1996,
3731,
5572,
2283,
1999,
19916,
1010,
2419,
2000,
3323,
15089,
1996,
2046,
3917,
3085,
4490,
2881,
2000,
2203,
2969,
1011,
2231,
1012,
4273,
4736,
2211,
1999,
4404,
1999,
14276,
1012,
1999,
13963,
1010,
1999,
4407,
1010,
1996,
2117,
6803,
3519,
4161,
1996,
4336,
1997,
1996,
8355,
2004,
1996,
1000,
2142,
2163,
1997,
2637,
1000,
1012,
2419,
2011,
2236,
2577,
2899,
1010,
2009,
2180,
1996,
6208,
2162,
1999,
15331,
1012,
1996,
5036,
1997,
3000,
2511,
1996,
6645,
1997,
1996,
2047,
11074,
2110,
1012,
1996,
4790,
1997,
11078,
1010,
2096,
7411,
1037,
2430,
2231,
1010,
2001,
1999,
12879,
25969,
8787,
2012,
4346,
9211,
1012,
1037,
4680,
2626,
1037,
2047,
4552,
2008,
2001,
4233,
1999,
13739,
1010,
1998,
1037,
3021,
1997,
2916,
2001,
2794,
1999,
14362,
2000,
11302,
27118,
8751,
22966,
2916,
1012,
2899,
1010,
1996,
2034,
2343,
1010,
1998,
2010,
11747,
3656,
5226,
2580,
1037,
2844,
2430,
2231,
1012,
1996,
5773,
5309,
1999,
12651,
11515,
1996,
2946,
1997,
1996,
2406,
1012,
6628,
2011,
2800,
1010,
23766,
2455,
1998,
1996,
9366,
1997,
19676,
10461,
1010,
1996,
2406,
4423,
2000,
1996,
3534,
3023,
1012,
1996,
4525,
4935,
1997,
8864,
2001,
6233,
6801,
1010,
1998,
17999,
2576,
1998,
6543,
7465,
2029,
2020,
10395,
2011,
12014,
2015,
1012,
8864,
2001,
8961,
1999,
2035,
2163,
2167,
1997,
1996,
6701,
1516,
11357,
2240,
2011,
13140,
1010,
2021,
2009,
2506,
1999,
2670,
2163,
2000,
2490,
2037,
4910,
4610,
1012,
2044,
1996,
2602,
1997,
8181,
5367,
2004,
2343,
1999,
7313,
1010,
1996,
2670,
2163,
10819,
19082,
2013,
1996,
2586,
2000,
2433,
1996,
4013,
1011,
8864,
8055,
2163,
1997,
2637,
1010,
1998,
2318,
1996,
2942,
2162,
1012,
1996,
24627,
1005,
4154,
1999,
6725,
2419,
2000,
1996,
15766,
1997,
8864,
1012,
1999,
1996,
4745,
8735,
3690,
1010,
3423,
1998,
6830,
2916,
2020,
3668,
2000,
10650,
3287,
7179,
1012,
1996,
2120,
2231,
6003,
2172,
6428,
1010,
1998,
4227,
13216,
4611,
2000,
4047,
3265,
2916,
1012,
2317,
2670,
8037,
11842,
2037,
2576,
2373,
1999,
1996,
2148,
1999,
7557,
1010,
2411,
2478,
22258,
16341,
1997,
6830,
1998,
3958,
11465,
4277,
2000,
5441,
2317,
22006,
1010,
2004,
2092,
2004,
2047,
2110,
4552,
2015,
2008,
3423,
3550,
5762,
9147,
1998,
8729,
2087,
3060,
4841,
2013,
8019,
1999,
2270,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"life",
".",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"became",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"leading",
"industrial",
"power",
"in",
"the",
"20th",
"century",
",",
"due",
"to",
"entrepreneurship",
",",
"industrial",
"##ization",
",",
"and",
"the",
"arrival",
"of",
"millions",
"of",
"immigrant",
"workers",
"and",
"farmers",
".",
"a",
"national",
"railroad",
"network",
"was",
"completed",
",",
"and",
"large",
"-",
"scale",
"mines",
"and",
"factories",
"were",
"established",
".",
"dissatisfaction",
"with",
"corruption",
",",
"in",
"##ef",
"##fi",
"##ciency",
",",
"and",
"traditional",
"politics",
"stimulated",
"the",
"progressive",
"movement",
",",
"leading",
"to",
"reforms",
"including",
"the",
"federal",
"income",
"tax",
",",
"direct",
"election",
"of",
"senators",
",",
"citizenship",
"for",
"many",
"indigenous",
"people",
",",
"alcohol",
"prohibition",
",",
"and",
"women",
"'",
"s",
"suffrage",
".",
"initially",
"neutral",
"during",
"world",
"war",
"i",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"germany",
"in",
"1917",
",",
"joining",
"the",
"successful",
"allies",
".",
"after",
"the",
"prosperous",
"roaring",
"twenties",
",",
"the",
"wall",
"street",
"crash",
"of",
"1929",
"marked",
"the",
"onset",
"of",
"the",
"decade",
"-",
"long",
"worldwide",
"great",
"depression",
".",
"president",
"franklin",
"d",
".",
"roosevelt",
"'",
"s",
"new",
"deal",
"programs",
",",
"including",
"unemployment",
"relief",
"and",
"social",
"security",
",",
"defined",
"modern",
"american",
"liberalism",
".",
"following",
"the",
"japanese",
"attack",
"on",
"pearl",
"harbor",
",",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"entered",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
"and",
"financed",
"the",
"allied",
"war",
"effort",
",",
"helping",
"defeat",
"nazi",
"germany",
"and",
"fascist",
"italy",
"in",
"the",
"european",
"theater",
".",
"in",
"the",
"pacific",
"war",
",",
"america",
"defeated",
"imperial",
"japan",
"after",
"using",
"nuclear",
"weapons",
"on",
"hiroshima",
"and",
"nagasaki",
".",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"and",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"emerged",
"as",
"rival",
"super",
"##power",
"##s",
"in",
"the",
"aftermath",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"ii",
".",
"during",
"the",
"cold",
"war",
",",
"the",
"two",
"countries",
"confronted",
"each",
"other",
"indirectly",
"in",
"the",
"arms",
"race",
",",
"the",
"space",
"race",
",",
"propaganda",
"campaigns",
",",
"and",
"proxy",
"wars",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1960s",
",",
"in",
"large",
"part",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"civil",
"rights",
"movement",
",",
"social",
"reforms",
"enforced",
"the",
"constitutional",
"rights",
"of",
"voting",
"and",
"freedom",
"of",
"movement",
"to",
"african",
"americans",
".",
"in",
"the",
"1980s",
",",
"ronald",
"reagan",
"'",
"s",
"presidency",
"real",
"##ign",
"##ed",
"american",
"politics",
"towards",
"reductions",
"in",
"taxes",
"and",
"regulations",
".",
"the",
"cold",
"war",
"ended",
"when",
"the",
"soviet",
"union",
"was",
"dissolved",
"in",
"1991",
",",
"leaving",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"as",
"the",
"world",
"'",
"s",
"sole",
"super",
"##power",
".",
"foreign",
"policy",
"after",
"the",
"cold",
"war",
"has",
"often",
"focused",
"on",
"many",
"conflicts",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"east",
",",
"especially",
"after",
"the",
"september",
"11",
"attacks",
".",
"in",
"the",
"21st",
"century",
",",
"the",
"country",
"was",
"negatively",
"affected",
"by",
"the",
"great",
"recession",
"and",
"the",
"co",
"##vid",
"-",
"19",
"pan",
"##de",
"##mic",
".",
"it",
"is",
"not",
"definitive",
"##ly",
"known",
"how",
"or",
"when",
"native",
"americans",
"first",
"settled",
"the",
"americas",
"and",
"the",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"united",
"states",
".",
"the",
"prevailing",
"theory",
"proposes",
"that",
"people",
"from",
"eu",
"##rasia",
"followed",
"game",
"across",
"be",
"##ring",
"##ia",
",",
"a",
"land",
"bridge",
"that",
"connected",
"siberia",
"to",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"alaska",
"during",
"the",
"ice",
"age",
",",
"and",
"then",
"spread",
"southward",
"throughout",
"the",
"americas",
".",
"this",
"migration",
"may",
"have",
"begun",
"as",
"early",
"as",
"30",
",",
"000",
"years",
"ago",
"and",
"continued",
"through",
"to",
"about",
"10",
",",
"000",
"years",
"ago",
",",
"when",
"the",
"land",
"bridge",
"became",
"submerged",
"by",
"the",
"rising",
"sea",
"level",
"caused",
"by",
"the",
"melting",
"glaciers",
".",
"these",
"early"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 22,
"end_token_idx": 24,
"identifier": "/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution",
"tokens": [
"industrial",
"##ization"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 27,
"end_token_idx": 35,
"identifier": "/wiki/European_emigration",
"tokens": [
"arrival",
"of",
"millions",
"of",
"immigrant",
"workers",
"and",
"farmers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 67,
"end_token_idx": 69,
"identifier": "/wiki/Progressive_Era",
"tokens": [
"progressive",
"movement"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 75,
"end_token_idx": 78,
"identifier": "/wiki/Federal_income_tax",
"tokens": [
"federal",
"income",
"tax"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 90,
"end_token_idx": 92,
"identifier": "/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"alcohol",
"prohibition"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 94,
"end_token_idx": 98,
"identifier": "/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"women",
"'",
"s",
"suffrage"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 102,
"end_token_idx": 105,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_I",
"tokens": [
"world",
"war",
"i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 109,
"end_token_idx": 113,
"identifier": "/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I",
"tokens": [
"declared",
"war",
"on",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 119,
"end_token_idx": 120,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I",
"tokens": [
"allies"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 124,
"end_token_idx": 126,
"identifier": "/wiki/Roaring_Twenties",
"tokens": [
"roaring",
"twenties"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 128,
"end_token_idx": 133,
"identifier": "/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929",
"tokens": [
"wall",
"street",
"crash",
"of",
"1929"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 142,
"end_token_idx": 144,
"identifier": "/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"great",
"depression"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 146,
"end_token_idx": 150,
"identifier": "/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt",
"tokens": [
"franklin",
"d",
".",
"roosevelt"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 152,
"end_token_idx": 154,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Deal",
"tokens": [
"new",
"deal"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 160,
"end_token_idx": 162,
"identifier": "/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)",
"tokens": [
"social",
"security"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 164,
"end_token_idx": 167,
"identifier": "/wiki/Modern_American_liberalism",
"tokens": [
"modern",
"american",
"liberalism"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 170,
"end_token_idx": 175,
"identifier": "/wiki/Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor",
"tokens": [
"japanese",
"attack",
"on",
"pearl",
"harbor"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 180,
"end_token_idx": 183,
"identifier": "/wiki/World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"world",
"war",
"ii"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 186,
"end_token_idx": 187,
"identifier": "/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"allied"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 192,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nazi_Germany",
"tokens": [
"nazi",
"germany"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 195,
"end_token_idx": 197,
"identifier": "/wiki/Fascist_Italy",
"tokens": [
"fascist",
"italy"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 199,
"end_token_idx": 201,
"identifier": "/wiki/European_theater",
"tokens": [
"european",
"theater"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 204,
"end_token_idx": 206,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pacific_War",
"tokens": [
"pacific",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 209,
"end_token_idx": 211,
"identifier": "/wiki/Imperial_Japan",
"tokens": [
"imperial",
"japan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 213,
"end_token_idx": 215,
"identifier": "/wiki/Nuclear_weapon",
"tokens": [
"nuclear",
"weapons"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 216,
"end_token_idx": 219,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki",
"tokens": [
"hiroshima",
"and",
"nagasaki"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 225,
"end_token_idx": 227,
"identifier": "/wiki/Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"union"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 230,
"end_token_idx": 233,
"identifier": "/wiki/Superpower",
"tokens": [
"super",
"##power",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 235,
"end_token_idx": 240,
"identifier": "/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II",
"tokens": [
"aftermath",
"of",
"world",
"war",
"ii"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 243,
"end_token_idx": 245,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cold_War",
"tokens": [
"cold",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 255,
"end_token_idx": 257,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arms_race",
"tokens": [
"arms",
"race"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 259,
"end_token_idx": 261,
"identifier": "/wiki/Space_Race",
"tokens": [
"space",
"race"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 266,
"end_token_idx": 268,
"identifier": "/wiki/Proxy_war",
"tokens": [
"proxy",
"wars"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 279,
"end_token_idx": 282,
"identifier": "/wiki/Civil_rights_movement",
"tokens": [
"civil",
"rights",
"movement"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 305,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ronald_Reagan",
"tokens": [
"ronald",
"reagan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 326,
"end_token_idx": 332,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union",
"tokens": [
"soviet",
"union",
"was",
"dissolved",
"in",
"1991"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 348,
"end_token_idx": 352,
"identifier": "/wiki/Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era",
"tokens": [
"after",
"the",
"cold",
"war"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 362,
"identifier": "/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East",
"tokens": [
"many",
"conflicts",
"in",
"the",
"middle",
"east"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 366,
"end_token_idx": 369,
"identifier": "/wiki/September_11_attacks",
"tokens": [
"september",
"11",
"attacks"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 382,
"end_token_idx": 384,
"identifier": "/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"great",
"recession"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 386,
"end_token_idx": 393,
"identifier": "/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"co",
"##vid",
"-",
"19",
"pan",
"##de",
"##mic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 406,
"end_token_idx": 409,
"identifier": "/wiki/Settlement_of_the_Americas",
"tokens": [
"settled",
"the",
"americas"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 424,
"end_token_idx": 426,
"identifier": "/wiki/Eurasia",
"tokens": [
"eu",
"##rasia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 427,
"end_token_idx": 428,
"identifier": "/wiki/Game_(hunting)",
"tokens": [
"game"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 429,
"end_token_idx": 432,
"identifier": "/wiki/Beringia",
"tokens": [
"be",
"##ring",
"##ia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 434,
"end_token_idx": 436,
"identifier": "/wiki/Land_bridge",
"tokens": [
"land",
"bridge"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 438,
"end_token_idx": 439,
"identifier": "/wiki/Siberia",
"tokens": [
"siberia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 443,
"end_token_idx": 444,
"identifier": "/wiki/Alaska",
"tokens": [
"alaska"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 446,
"end_token_idx": 448,
"identifier": "/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period",
"tokens": [
"ice",
"age"
]
}
] | [
101,
2166,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2150,
1996,
2088,
1005,
1055,
2877,
3919,
2373,
1999,
1996,
3983,
2301,
1010,
2349,
2000,
20213,
1010,
3919,
3989,
1010,
1998,
1996,
5508,
1997,
8817,
1997,
11560,
3667,
1998,
6617,
1012,
1037,
2120,
4296,
2897,
2001,
2949,
1010,
1998,
2312,
1011,
4094,
7134,
1998,
11123,
2020,
2511,
1012,
28237,
2007,
7897,
1010,
1999,
12879,
8873,
29125,
1010,
1998,
3151,
4331,
25194,
1996,
6555,
2929,
1010,
2877,
2000,
8818,
2164,
1996,
2976,
3318,
4171,
1010,
3622,
2602,
1997,
10153,
1010,
9068,
2005,
2116,
6284,
2111,
1010,
6544,
13574,
1010,
1998,
2308,
1005,
1055,
15178,
1012,
3322,
8699,
2076,
2088,
2162,
1045,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
4161,
2162,
2006,
2762,
1999,
4585,
1010,
5241,
1996,
3144,
6956,
1012,
2044,
1996,
18241,
17197,
18946,
1010,
1996,
2813,
2395,
5823,
1997,
4612,
4417,
1996,
14447,
1997,
1996,
5476,
1011,
2146,
4969,
2307,
6245,
1012,
2343,
5951,
1040,
1012,
8573,
1005,
1055,
2047,
3066,
3454,
1010,
2164,
12163,
4335,
1998,
2591,
3036,
1010,
4225,
2715,
2137,
26505,
1012,
2206,
1996,
2887,
2886,
2006,
7247,
6496,
1010,
1996,
2142,
2163,
3133,
2088,
2162,
2462,
1998,
13790,
1996,
6035,
2162,
3947,
1010,
5094,
4154,
6394,
2762,
1998,
14870,
3304,
1999,
1996,
2647,
4258,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3534,
2162,
1010,
2637,
3249,
4461,
2900,
2044,
2478,
4517,
4255,
2006,
20168,
1998,
27107,
1012,
1996,
2142,
2163,
1998,
1996,
3354,
2586,
6003,
2004,
6538,
3565,
11452,
2015,
1999,
1996,
10530,
1997,
2088,
2162,
2462,
1012,
2076,
1996,
3147,
2162,
1010,
1996,
2048,
3032,
12892,
2169,
2060,
17351,
1999,
1996,
2608,
2679,
1010,
1996,
2686,
2679,
1010,
10398,
8008,
1010,
1998,
24540,
5233,
1012,
1999,
1996,
4120,
1010,
1999,
2312,
2112,
2349,
2000,
1996,
2942,
2916,
2929,
1010,
2591,
8818,
16348,
1996,
6543,
2916,
1997,
6830,
1998,
4071,
1997,
2929,
2000,
3060,
4841,
1012,
1999,
1996,
3865,
1010,
8923,
11531,
1005,
1055,
8798,
2613,
23773,
2098,
2137,
4331,
2875,
25006,
1999,
7773,
1998,
7040,
1012,
1996,
3147,
2162,
3092,
2043,
1996,
3354,
2586,
2001,
8314,
1999,
2889,
1010,
2975,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2004,
1996,
2088,
1005,
1055,
7082,
3565,
11452,
1012,
3097,
3343,
2044,
1996,
3147,
2162,
2038,
2411,
4208,
2006,
2116,
9755,
1999,
1996,
2690,
2264,
1010,
2926,
2044,
1996,
2244,
2340,
4491,
1012,
1999,
1996,
7398,
2301,
1010,
1996,
2406,
2001,
19762,
5360,
2011,
1996,
2307,
19396,
1998,
1996,
2522,
17258,
1011,
2539,
6090,
3207,
7712,
1012,
2009,
2003,
2025,
15764,
2135,
2124,
2129,
2030,
2043,
3128,
4841,
2034,
3876,
1996,
10925,
1998,
1996,
2556,
1011,
2154,
2142,
2163,
1012,
1996,
19283,
3399,
17146,
2008,
2111,
2013,
7327,
27839,
2628,
2208,
2408,
2022,
4892,
2401,
1010,
1037,
2455,
2958,
2008,
4198,
16881,
2000,
2556,
1011,
2154,
7397,
2076,
1996,
3256,
2287,
1010,
1998,
2059,
3659,
22161,
2802,
1996,
10925,
1012,
2023,
9230,
2089,
2031,
5625,
2004,
2220,
2004,
2382,
1010,
2199,
2086,
3283,
1998,
2506,
2083,
2000,
2055,
2184,
1010,
2199,
2086,
3283,
1010,
2043,
1996,
2455,
2958,
2150,
13563,
2011,
1996,
4803,
2712,
2504,
3303,
2011,
1996,
13721,
21193,
1012,
2122,
2220,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"inhabitants",
",",
"called",
"pale",
"##o",
"-",
"indians",
",",
"soon",
"diversified",
"into",
"hundreds",
"of",
"culturally",
"distinct",
"settlements",
"and",
"countries",
".",
"this",
"pre",
"-",
"columbian",
"era",
"incorporates",
"all",
"periods",
"in",
"the",
"history",
"of",
"the",
"americas",
"before",
"the",
"appearance",
"of",
"european",
"influences",
"on",
"the",
"american",
"continents",
",",
"spanning",
"from",
"the",
"original",
"settlement",
"in",
"the",
"upper",
"pale",
"##oli",
"##thic",
"period",
"to",
"european",
"colonization",
"during",
"the",
"early",
"modern",
"period",
".",
"while",
"the",
"term",
"technically",
"refers",
"to",
"the",
"era",
"before",
"christopher",
"columbus",
"'",
"voyage",
"in",
"149",
"##2",
",",
"in",
"practice",
"the",
"term",
"usually",
"includes",
"the",
"history",
"of",
"american",
"indigenous",
"cultures",
"until",
"they",
"were",
"conquered",
"or",
"significantly",
"influenced",
"by",
"europeans",
",",
"even",
"if",
"this",
"happened",
"decades",
"or",
"centuries",
"after",
"columbus",
"'",
"s",
"initial",
"landing",
".",
"by",
"10",
",",
"000",
"bce",
",",
"humans",
"were",
"relatively",
"well",
"-",
"established",
"throughout",
"north",
"america",
".",
"originally",
",",
"pale",
"##o",
"-",
"indians",
"hunted",
"ice",
"age",
"mega",
"##fa",
"##una",
"like",
"mammoth",
"##s",
",",
"but",
"as",
"they",
"began",
"to",
"go",
"extinct",
",",
"people",
"turned",
"instead",
"to",
"bison",
"as",
"a",
"food",
"source",
".",
"as",
"time",
"went",
"on",
",",
"foraging",
"for",
"berries",
"and",
"seeds",
"became",
"an",
"important",
"alternative",
"to",
"hunting",
".",
"pale",
"##o",
"-",
"indians",
"in",
"central",
"mexico",
"were",
"the",
"first",
"in",
"the",
"americas",
"to",
"farm",
",",
"starting",
"to",
"plant",
"corn",
",",
"beans",
",",
"and",
"squash",
"around",
"8",
",",
"000",
"bce",
".",
"eventually",
",",
"the",
"knowledge",
"began",
"to",
"spread",
"northward",
".",
"by",
"3",
",",
"000",
"bce",
",",
"corn",
"was",
"being",
"grown",
"in",
"the",
"valleys",
"of",
"arizona",
"and",
"new",
"mexico",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"primitive",
"irrigation",
"systems",
"and",
"early",
"villages",
"of",
"the",
"ho",
"##ho",
"##kam",
".",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"earlier",
"cultures",
"in",
"the",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"united",
"states",
"was",
"the",
"cl",
"##ov",
"##is",
"culture",
",",
"who",
"are",
"primarily",
"identified",
"by",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"flute",
"##d",
"spear",
"points",
"called",
"the",
"cl",
"##ov",
"##is",
"point",
".",
"from",
"9",
",",
"100",
"to",
"8",
",",
"850",
"bce",
",",
"the",
"culture",
"ranged",
"over",
"much",
"of",
"north",
"america",
"and",
"also",
"appeared",
"in",
"south",
"america",
".",
"artifacts",
"from",
"this",
"culture",
"were",
"first",
"excavated",
"in",
"1932",
"near",
"cl",
"##ov",
"##is",
",",
"new",
"mexico",
".",
"the",
"f",
"##ols",
"##om",
"culture",
"was",
"similar",
",",
"but",
"is",
"marked",
"by",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"the",
"f",
"##ols",
"##om",
"point",
".",
"a",
"later",
"migration",
"identified",
"by",
"linguist",
"##s",
",",
"anthropologist",
"##s",
",",
"and",
"arch",
"##eo",
"##logists",
"occurred",
"around",
"8",
",",
"000",
"bce",
".",
"this",
"included",
"na",
"-",
"den",
"##e",
"-",
"speaking",
"peoples",
",",
"who",
"reached",
"the",
"pacific",
"northwest",
"by",
"5",
",",
"000",
"bce",
".",
"from",
"there",
",",
"they",
"migrated",
"along",
"the",
"pacific",
"coast",
"and",
"into",
"the",
"interior",
"and",
"constructed",
"large",
"multi",
"-",
"family",
"dwellings",
"in",
"their",
"villages",
",",
"which",
"were",
"used",
"only",
"seasonal",
"##ly",
"in",
"the",
"summer",
"to",
"hunt",
"and",
"fish",
",",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"winter",
"to",
"gather",
"food",
"supplies",
".",
"another",
"group",
",",
"the",
"os",
"##hara",
"tradition",
"people",
",",
"who",
"lived",
"from",
"5",
",",
"500",
"bce",
"to",
"600",
"ce",
",",
"were",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"archaic",
"southwest",
".",
"the",
"aden",
"##a",
"began",
"constructing",
"large",
"earth",
"##work",
"mounds",
"around",
"600",
"bce",
".",
"they",
"are",
"the",
"earliest",
"known",
"people",
"to",
"have",
"been",
"mound",
"builders"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 3,
"end_token_idx": 7,
"identifier": "/wiki/Paleo-Indians",
"tokens": [
"pale",
"##o",
"-",
"indians"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 17,
"end_token_idx": 18,
"identifier": "/wiki/Countries",
"tokens": [
"countries"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 20,
"end_token_idx": 24,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era",
"tokens": [
"pre",
"-",
"columbian",
"era"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 26,
"end_token_idx": 27,
"identifier": "/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Americas",
"tokens": [
"periods"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 29,
"end_token_idx": 33,
"identifier": "/wiki/History_of_the_Americas",
"tokens": [
"history",
"of",
"the",
"americas"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 51,
"end_token_idx": 55,
"identifier": "/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic",
"tokens": [
"upper",
"pale",
"##oli",
"##thic"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 57,
"end_token_idx": 59,
"identifier": "/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas",
"tokens": [
"european",
"colonization"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 61,
"end_token_idx": 64,
"identifier": "/wiki/Early_modern_period",
"tokens": [
"early",
"modern",
"period"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 74,
"end_token_idx": 76,
"identifier": "/wiki/Christopher_Columbus",
"tokens": [
"christopher",
"columbus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 91,
"end_token_idx": 94,
"identifier": "/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas",
"tokens": [
"american",
"indigenous",
"cultures"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 143,
"end_token_idx": 146,
"identifier": "/wiki/Megafauna",
"tokens": [
"mega",
"##fa",
"##una"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 147,
"end_token_idx": 149,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mammoth",
"tokens": [
"mammoth",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 162,
"end_token_idx": 163,
"identifier": "/wiki/Bison",
"tokens": [
"bison"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 239,
"end_token_idx": 240,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arizona",
"tokens": [
"arizona"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 243,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Mexico",
"tokens": [
"new",
"mexico"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 247,
"end_token_idx": 248,
"identifier": "/wiki/Irrigation",
"tokens": [
"irrigation"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 254,
"end_token_idx": 257,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hohokam",
"tokens": [
"ho",
"##ho",
"##kam"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 272,
"end_token_idx": 276,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clovis_culture",
"tokens": [
"cl",
"##ov",
"##is",
"culture"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 287,
"end_token_idx": 288,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spear",
"tokens": [
"spear"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 291,
"end_token_idx": 295,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clovis_point",
"tokens": [
"cl",
"##ov",
"##is",
"point"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 331,
"end_token_idx": 337,
"identifier": "/wiki/Clovis,_New_Mexico",
"tokens": [
"cl",
"##ov",
"##is",
",",
"new",
"mexico"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 339,
"end_token_idx": 343,
"identifier": "/wiki/Folsom_culture",
"tokens": [
"f",
"##ols",
"##om",
"culture"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 354,
"end_token_idx": 358,
"identifier": "/wiki/Folsom_point",
"tokens": [
"f",
"##ols",
"##om",
"point"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 383,
"end_token_idx": 387,
"identifier": "/wiki/Na-Dene",
"tokens": [
"na",
"-",
"den",
"##e"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 394,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pacific_Northwest",
"tokens": [
"pacific",
"northwest"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 409,
"end_token_idx": 411,
"identifier": "/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States",
"tokens": [
"pacific",
"coast"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 453,
"end_token_idx": 456,
"identifier": "/wiki/Oshara_tradition",
"tokens": [
"os",
"##hara",
"tradition"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 473,
"end_token_idx": 475,
"identifier": "/wiki/Archaic_Southwest",
"tokens": [
"archaic",
"southwest"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 477,
"end_token_idx": 479,
"identifier": "/wiki/Adena_culture",
"tokens": [
"aden",
"##a"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 482,
"end_token_idx": 484,
"identifier": "/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)",
"tokens": [
"earth",
"##work"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 498,
"end_token_idx": 500,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mound_Builders",
"tokens": [
"mound",
"builders"
]
}
] | [
101,
4864,
1010,
2170,
5122,
2080,
1011,
6505,
1010,
2574,
24908,
2046,
5606,
1997,
20547,
5664,
7617,
1998,
3032,
1012,
2023,
3653,
1011,
25882,
3690,
12374,
2035,
6993,
1999,
1996,
2381,
1997,
1996,
10925,
2077,
1996,
3311,
1997,
2647,
8092,
2006,
1996,
2137,
17846,
1010,
13912,
2013,
1996,
2434,
4093,
1999,
1996,
3356,
5122,
10893,
23048,
2558,
2000,
2647,
18962,
2076,
1996,
2220,
2715,
2558,
1012,
2096,
1996,
2744,
10892,
5218,
2000,
1996,
3690,
2077,
5696,
8912,
1005,
8774,
1999,
17332,
2475,
1010,
1999,
3218,
1996,
2744,
2788,
2950,
1996,
2381,
1997,
2137,
6284,
8578,
2127,
2027,
2020,
11438,
2030,
6022,
5105,
2011,
13481,
1010,
2130,
2065,
2023,
3047,
5109,
2030,
4693,
2044,
8912,
1005,
1055,
3988,
4899,
1012,
2011,
2184,
1010,
2199,
10705,
1010,
4286,
2020,
4659,
2092,
1011,
2511,
2802,
2167,
2637,
1012,
2761,
1010,
5122,
2080,
1011,
6505,
14682,
3256,
2287,
13164,
7011,
9521,
2066,
23714,
2015,
1010,
2021,
2004,
2027,
2211,
2000,
2175,
8548,
1010,
2111,
2357,
2612,
2000,
22285,
2004,
1037,
2833,
3120,
1012,
2004,
2051,
2253,
2006,
1010,
26912,
2005,
22681,
1998,
8079,
2150,
2019,
2590,
4522,
2000,
5933,
1012,
5122,
2080,
1011,
6505,
1999,
2430,
3290,
2020,
1996,
2034,
1999,
1996,
10925,
2000,
3888,
1010,
3225,
2000,
3269,
9781,
1010,
13435,
1010,
1998,
18794,
2105,
1022,
1010,
2199,
10705,
1012,
2776,
1010,
1996,
3716,
2211,
2000,
3659,
17192,
1012,
2011,
1017,
1010,
2199,
10705,
1010,
9781,
2001,
2108,
4961,
1999,
1996,
12467,
1997,
5334,
1998,
2047,
3290,
1010,
2628,
2011,
10968,
12442,
3001,
1998,
2220,
4731,
1997,
1996,
7570,
6806,
27052,
1012,
2028,
1997,
1996,
3041,
8578,
1999,
1996,
2556,
1011,
2154,
2142,
2163,
2001,
1996,
18856,
4492,
2483,
3226,
1010,
2040,
2024,
3952,
4453,
2011,
1996,
2224,
1997,
8928,
2094,
12341,
2685,
2170,
1996,
18856,
4492,
2483,
2391,
1012,
2013,
1023,
1010,
2531,
2000,
1022,
1010,
15678,
10705,
1010,
1996,
3226,
15844,
2058,
2172,
1997,
2167,
2637,
1998,
2036,
2596,
1999,
2148,
2637,
1012,
10471,
2013,
2023,
3226,
2020,
2034,
15199,
1999,
4673,
2379,
18856,
4492,
2483,
1010,
2047,
3290,
1012,
1996,
1042,
27896,
5358,
3226,
2001,
2714,
1010,
2021,
2003,
4417,
2011,
1996,
2224,
1997,
1996,
1042,
27896,
5358,
2391,
1012,
1037,
2101,
9230,
4453,
2011,
22978,
2015,
1010,
21571,
2015,
1010,
1998,
7905,
8780,
18738,
4158,
2105,
1022,
1010,
2199,
10705,
1012,
2023,
2443,
6583,
1011,
7939,
2063,
1011,
4092,
7243,
1010,
2040,
2584,
1996,
3534,
4514,
2011,
1019,
1010,
2199,
10705,
1012,
2013,
2045,
1010,
2027,
13447,
2247,
1996,
3534,
3023,
1998,
2046,
1996,
4592,
1998,
3833,
2312,
4800,
1011,
2155,
16707,
1999,
2037,
4731,
1010,
2029,
2020,
2109,
2069,
12348,
2135,
1999,
1996,
2621,
2000,
5690,
1998,
3869,
1010,
1998,
1999,
1996,
3467,
2000,
8587,
2833,
6067,
1012,
2178,
2177,
1010,
1996,
9808,
11077,
4535,
2111,
1010,
2040,
2973,
2013,
1019,
1010,
3156,
10705,
2000,
5174,
8292,
1010,
2020,
2112,
1997,
1996,
19261,
4943,
1012,
1996,
16298,
2050,
2211,
15696,
2312,
3011,
6198,
19503,
2105,
5174,
10705,
1012,
2027,
2024,
1996,
5700,
2124,
2111,
2000,
2031,
2042,
12048,
16472,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
",",
"however",
",",
"there",
"are",
"mounds",
"in",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"that",
"pre",
"##date",
"this",
"culture",
".",
"watson",
"brake",
"is",
"an",
"11",
"-",
"mound",
"complex",
"in",
"louisiana",
"that",
"dates",
"to",
"3",
",",
"500",
"bce",
",",
"and",
"nearby",
"poverty",
"point",
",",
"built",
"by",
"the",
"poverty",
"point",
"culture",
",",
"is",
"an",
"earth",
"##work",
"complex",
"that",
"dates",
"to",
"1",
",",
"700",
"bce",
".",
"these",
"mounds",
"likely",
"served",
"a",
"religious",
"purpose",
".",
"the",
"aden",
"##ans",
"were",
"absorbed",
"into",
"the",
"hope",
"##well",
"tradition",
",",
"a",
"powerful",
"people",
"who",
"traded",
"tools",
"and",
"goods",
"across",
"a",
"wide",
"territory",
".",
"they",
"continued",
"the",
"aden",
"##a",
"tradition",
"of",
"mound",
"-",
"building",
",",
"with",
"remnants",
"of",
"several",
"thousand",
"still",
"in",
"existence",
"across",
"the",
"core",
"of",
"their",
"former",
"territory",
"in",
"southern",
"ohio",
".",
"the",
"hope",
"##well",
"pioneered",
"a",
"trading",
"system",
"called",
"the",
"hope",
"##well",
"exchange",
"system",
",",
"which",
"at",
"its",
"greatest",
"extent",
"ran",
"from",
"the",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"southeast",
"up",
"to",
"the",
"canadian",
"side",
"of",
"lake",
"ontario",
".",
"by",
"500",
"ce",
",",
"the",
"hope",
"##well",
"##ians",
"had",
"too",
"disappeared",
",",
"absorbed",
"into",
"the",
"larger",
"mississippi",
"##an",
"culture",
".",
"the",
"mississippi",
"##ans",
"were",
"a",
"broad",
"group",
"of",
"tribes",
".",
"their",
"most",
"important",
"city",
"was",
"ca",
"##ho",
"##kia",
",",
"near",
"modern",
"-",
"day",
"st",
".",
"louis",
",",
"missouri",
".",
"at",
"its",
"peak",
"in",
"the",
"12th",
"century",
",",
"the",
"city",
"had",
"an",
"estimated",
"population",
"of",
"20",
",",
"000",
",",
"larger",
"than",
"the",
"population",
"of",
"london",
"at",
"the",
"time",
".",
"the",
"entire",
"city",
"was",
"centered",
"around",
"a",
"mound",
"that",
"stood",
"100",
"feet",
"(",
"30",
"m",
")",
"tall",
".",
"ca",
"##ho",
"##kia",
",",
"like",
"many",
"other",
"cities",
"and",
"villages",
"of",
"the",
"time",
",",
"depended",
"on",
"hunting",
",",
"foraging",
",",
"trading",
",",
"and",
"agriculture",
",",
"and",
"developed",
"a",
"class",
"system",
"with",
"slaves",
"and",
"human",
"sacrifice",
"that",
"was",
"influenced",
"by",
"societies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"like",
"the",
"maya",
"##ns",
".",
"in",
"the",
"southwest",
",",
"the",
"ana",
"##sa",
"##zi",
"began",
"constructing",
"stone",
"and",
"adobe",
"pueblo",
"##s",
"around",
"900",
"bce",
".",
"these",
"apartment",
"-",
"like",
"structures",
"were",
"often",
"built",
"into",
"cliff",
"faces",
",",
"as",
"seen",
"in",
"the",
"cliff",
"palace",
"at",
"mesa",
"verde",
".",
"some",
"grew",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"cities",
",",
"with",
"pueblo",
"bon",
"##ito",
"along",
"the",
"cha",
"##co",
"river",
"in",
"new",
"mexico",
"once",
"consisting",
"of",
"800",
"rooms",
".",
"the",
"indigenous",
"peoples",
"of",
"the",
"pacific",
"northwest",
"were",
"likely",
"the",
"most",
"affluent",
"native",
"americans",
".",
"many",
"distinct",
"cultural",
"groups",
"and",
"political",
"entities",
"developed",
"there",
",",
"but",
"they",
"all",
"shared",
"certain",
"beliefs",
",",
"traditions",
",",
"and",
"practices",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"central",
"##ity",
"of",
"salmon",
"as",
"a",
"resource",
"and",
"spiritual",
"symbol",
".",
"permanent",
"villages",
"began",
"to",
"develop",
"in",
"this",
"region",
"as",
"early",
"as",
"1",
",",
"000",
"bce",
",",
"and",
"these",
"communities",
"celebrated",
"by",
"the",
"gift",
"-",
"giving",
"feast",
"of",
"the",
"pot",
"##lat",
"##ch",
".",
"these",
"gatherings",
"were",
"usually",
"organized",
"to",
"commemorate",
"special",
"events",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"raising",
"of",
"a",
"to",
"##tem",
"pole",
"or",
"the",
"celebration",
"of",
"a",
"new",
"chief",
".",
"in",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"upstate",
"new",
"york",
",",
"the",
"iroquois",
"formed",
"a",
"confederacy",
"of",
"tribal",
"peoples",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"15th",
"century"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 5,
"end_token_idx": 6,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mound",
"tokens": [
"mounds"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 16,
"end_token_idx": 18,
"identifier": "/wiki/Watson_Brake",
"tokens": [
"watson",
"brake"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 25,
"end_token_idx": 26,
"identifier": "/wiki/Louisiana",
"tokens": [
"louisiana"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 36,
"end_token_idx": 38,
"identifier": "/wiki/Poverty_Point",
"tokens": [
"poverty",
"point"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 42,
"end_token_idx": 45,
"identifier": "/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture",
"tokens": [
"poverty",
"point",
"culture"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 74,
"end_token_idx": 77,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hopewell_tradition",
"tokens": [
"hope",
"##well",
"tradition"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 119,
"end_token_idx": 120,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ohio",
"tokens": [
"ohio"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 153,
"end_token_idx": 155,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lake_Ontario",
"tokens": [
"lake",
"ontario"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 172,
"end_token_idx": 175,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mississippian_culture",
"tokens": [
"mississippi",
"##an",
"culture"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 191,
"end_token_idx": 194,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cahokia",
"tokens": [
"ca",
"##ho",
"##kia"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 199,
"end_token_idx": 204,
"identifier": "/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri",
"tokens": [
"st",
".",
"louis",
",",
"missouri"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 241,
"end_token_idx": 242,
"identifier": "/wiki/Monks_Mound",
"tokens": [
"mound"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 298,
"end_token_idx": 300,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mayans",
"tokens": [
"maya",
"##ns"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 304,
"identifier": "/wiki/Southwestern_United_States",
"tokens": [
"southwest"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 306,
"end_token_idx": 309,
"identifier": "/wiki/Anasazi",
"tokens": [
"ana",
"##sa",
"##zi"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 336,
"end_token_idx": 338,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cliff_Palace",
"tokens": [
"cliff",
"palace"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 339,
"end_token_idx": 341,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mesa_Verde",
"tokens": [
"mesa",
"verde"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 352,
"end_token_idx": 355,
"identifier": "/wiki/Pueblo_Bonito",
"tokens": [
"pueblo",
"bon",
"##ito"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 357,
"end_token_idx": 360,
"identifier": "/wiki/Chaco_River",
"tokens": [
"cha",
"##co",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 370,
"end_token_idx": 376,
"identifier": "/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest",
"tokens": [
"indigenous",
"peoples",
"of",
"the",
"pacific",
"northwest"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 412,
"end_token_idx": 413,
"identifier": "/wiki/Salmon",
"tokens": [
"salmon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 448,
"end_token_idx": 451,
"identifier": "/wiki/Potlatch",
"tokens": [
"pot",
"##lat",
"##ch"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 467,
"end_token_idx": 470,
"identifier": "/wiki/Totem_pole",
"tokens": [
"to",
"##tem",
"pole"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 482,
"end_token_idx": 485,
"identifier": "/wiki/Upstate_New_York",
"tokens": [
"upstate",
"new",
"york"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 487,
"end_token_idx": 488,
"identifier": "/wiki/Iroquois",
"tokens": [
"iroquois"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 490,
"end_token_idx": 491,
"identifier": "/wiki/Confederation",
"tokens": [
"confederacy"
]
}
] | [
101,
1010,
2174,
1010,
2045,
2024,
19503,
1999,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2008,
3653,
13701,
2023,
3226,
1012,
7908,
13428,
2003,
2019,
2340,
1011,
12048,
3375,
1999,
5773,
2008,
5246,
2000,
1017,
1010,
3156,
10705,
1010,
1998,
3518,
5635,
2391,
1010,
2328,
2011,
1996,
5635,
2391,
3226,
1010,
2003,
2019,
3011,
6198,
3375,
2008,
5246,
2000,
1015,
1010,
6352,
10705,
1012,
2122,
19503,
3497,
2366,
1037,
3412,
3800,
1012,
1996,
16298,
6962,
2020,
9063,
2046,
1996,
3246,
4381,
4535,
1010,
1037,
3928,
2111,
2040,
7007,
5906,
1998,
5350,
2408,
1037,
2898,
3700,
1012,
2027,
2506,
1996,
16298,
2050,
4535,
1997,
12048,
1011,
2311,
1010,
2007,
11270,
1997,
2195,
4595,
2145,
1999,
4598,
2408,
1996,
4563,
1997,
2037,
2280,
3700,
1999,
2670,
4058,
1012,
1996,
3246,
4381,
16193,
1037,
6202,
2291,
2170,
1996,
3246,
4381,
3863,
2291,
1010,
2029,
2012,
2049,
4602,
6698,
2743,
2013,
1996,
2556,
1011,
2154,
4643,
2039,
2000,
1996,
3010,
2217,
1997,
2697,
4561,
1012,
2011,
3156,
8292,
1010,
1996,
3246,
4381,
7066,
2018,
2205,
5419,
1010,
9063,
2046,
1996,
3469,
5900,
2319,
3226,
1012,
1996,
5900,
6962,
2020,
1037,
5041,
2177,
1997,
6946,
1012,
2037,
2087,
2590,
2103,
2001,
6187,
6806,
21128,
1010,
2379,
2715,
1011,
2154,
2358,
1012,
3434,
1010,
5284,
1012,
2012,
2049,
4672,
1999,
1996,
5940,
2301,
1010,
1996,
2103,
2018,
2019,
4358,
2313,
1997,
2322,
1010,
2199,
1010,
3469,
2084,
1996,
2313,
1997,
2414,
2012,
1996,
2051,
1012,
1996,
2972,
2103,
2001,
8857,
2105,
1037,
12048,
2008,
2768,
2531,
2519,
1006,
2382,
1049,
1007,
4206,
1012,
6187,
6806,
21128,
1010,
2066,
2116,
2060,
3655,
1998,
4731,
1997,
1996,
2051,
1010,
17292,
2006,
5933,
1010,
26912,
1010,
6202,
1010,
1998,
5237,
1010,
1998,
2764,
1037,
2465,
2291,
2007,
7179,
1998,
2529,
8688,
2008,
2001,
5105,
2011,
8384,
2000,
1996,
2148,
1010,
2066,
1996,
9815,
3619,
1012,
1999,
1996,
4943,
1010,
1996,
9617,
3736,
5831,
2211,
15696,
2962,
1998,
18106,
18273,
2015,
2105,
7706,
10705,
1012,
2122,
4545,
1011,
2066,
5090,
2020,
2411,
2328,
2046,
7656,
5344,
1010,
2004,
2464,
1999,
1996,
7656,
4186,
2012,
15797,
16184,
1012,
2070,
3473,
2000,
2022,
1996,
2946,
1997,
3655,
1010,
2007,
18273,
14753,
9956,
2247,
1996,
15775,
3597,
2314,
1999,
2047,
3290,
2320,
5398,
1997,
5385,
4734,
1012,
1996,
6284,
7243,
1997,
1996,
3534,
4514,
2020,
3497,
1996,
2087,
22666,
3128,
4841,
1012,
2116,
5664,
3451,
2967,
1998,
2576,
11422,
2764,
2045,
1010,
2021,
2027,
2035,
4207,
3056,
9029,
1010,
7443,
1010,
1998,
6078,
1010,
2107,
2004,
1996,
2430,
3012,
1997,
11840,
2004,
1037,
7692,
1998,
6259,
6454,
1012,
4568,
4731,
2211,
2000,
4503,
1999,
2023,
2555,
2004,
2220,
2004,
1015,
1010,
2199,
10705,
1010,
1998,
2122,
4279,
6334,
2011,
1996,
5592,
1011,
3228,
9831,
1997,
1996,
8962,
20051,
2818,
1012,
2122,
21403,
2020,
2788,
4114,
2000,
13415,
2569,
2824,
2107,
2004,
1996,
6274,
1997,
1037,
2000,
18532,
6536,
2030,
1996,
7401,
1997,
1037,
2047,
2708,
1012,
1999,
2556,
1011,
2154,
29530,
2047,
2259,
1010,
1996,
23015,
2719,
1037,
18179,
1997,
8807,
7243,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
6286,
2301,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
",",
"consisting",
"of",
"the",
"one",
"##ida",
",",
"mohawk",
",",
"ono",
"##nda",
"##ga",
",",
"ca",
"##yu",
"##ga",
",",
"and",
"seneca",
".",
"their",
"system",
"of",
"affiliation",
"was",
"a",
"kind",
"of",
"federation",
",",
"different",
"from",
"the",
"strong",
",",
"centralized",
"european",
"monarch",
"##ies",
".",
"each",
"tribe",
"had",
"seats",
"in",
"a",
"group",
"of",
"50",
"sac",
"##hem",
"chiefs",
".",
"it",
"has",
"been",
"suggested",
"that",
"their",
"culture",
"contributed",
"to",
"political",
"thinking",
"during",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"united",
"states",
"government",
".",
"the",
"iroquois",
"were",
"powerful",
",",
"wa",
"##ging",
"war",
"with",
"many",
"neighboring",
"tribes",
",",
"and",
"later",
",",
"europeans",
".",
"as",
"their",
"territory",
"expanded",
",",
"smaller",
"tribes",
"were",
"forced",
"further",
"west",
",",
"including",
"the",
"os",
"##age",
",",
"ka",
"##w",
",",
"po",
"##nca",
",",
"and",
"omaha",
"peoples",
".",
"the",
"exact",
"date",
"for",
"the",
"settling",
"of",
"hawaii",
"is",
"disputed",
"but",
"the",
"first",
"settlement",
"most",
"likely",
"took",
"place",
"between",
"94",
"##0",
"and",
"113",
"##0",
"ce",
".",
"around",
"1200",
"ce",
",",
"ta",
"##hiti",
"##an",
"explorers",
"found",
"and",
"began",
"settling",
"the",
"area",
"as",
"well",
"establishing",
"a",
"new",
"caste",
"system",
".",
"this",
"marked",
"the",
"rise",
"of",
"the",
"hawaiian",
"civilization",
",",
"which",
"would",
"be",
"largely",
"separated",
"from",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"world",
"until",
"the",
"arrival",
"of",
"the",
"british",
"600",
"years",
"later",
".",
"europeans",
"under",
"the",
"british",
"explorer",
"james",
"cook",
"arrived",
"in",
"the",
"hawaiian",
"islands",
"in",
"1778",
",",
"and",
"within",
"five",
"years",
"of",
"contact",
",",
"european",
"military",
"technology",
"would",
"help",
"kam",
"##eh",
"##ame",
"##ha",
"i",
"conquer",
"most",
"of",
"the",
"island",
"group",
",",
"and",
"eventually",
"un",
"##ify",
"the",
"islands",
"for",
"the",
"first",
"time",
";",
"establishing",
"the",
"hawaiian",
"kingdom",
".",
"the",
"island",
"of",
"puerto",
"rico",
"has",
"been",
"settled",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"4",
",",
"000",
"years",
"dating",
"back",
"to",
"the",
"remains",
"of",
"puerto",
"fe",
"##rro",
"man",
".",
"starting",
"with",
"the",
"or",
"##to",
"##iro",
"##id",
"culture",
",",
"successive",
"generations",
"of",
"native",
"migration",
"##s",
"arrived",
"replacing",
"or",
"absorbing",
"local",
"populations",
".",
"by",
"the",
"year",
"1000",
"ara",
"##wa",
"##k",
"people",
"had",
"arrived",
"from",
"south",
"america",
"via",
"the",
"lesser",
"antilles",
",",
"these",
"settlers",
"would",
"become",
"the",
"tai",
"##no",
"encountered",
"by",
"the",
"spanish",
"in",
"149",
"##3",
".",
"upon",
"european",
"contact",
"a",
"native",
"population",
"between",
"30",
",",
"000",
"and",
"60",
",",
"000",
"was",
"likely",
",",
"led",
"by",
"a",
"single",
"chief",
"called",
"a",
"ca",
"##ci",
"##que",
".",
"colonization",
"resulted",
"in",
"the",
"dec",
"##ima",
"##tion",
"of",
"the",
"local",
"inhabitants",
"due",
"to",
"the",
"harsh",
"en",
"##com",
"##ien",
"##da",
"system",
"and",
"epidemic",
"##s",
"caused",
"by",
"old",
"world",
"diseases",
".",
"puerto",
"rico",
"would",
"remain",
"a",
"part",
"of",
"spain",
"until",
"american",
"annexation",
"in",
"1898",
".",
"the",
"earliest",
"recorded",
"european",
"mention",
"of",
"america",
"is",
"in",
"a",
"historical",
"treatise",
"by",
"the",
"medieval",
"chronicle",
"##r",
"adam",
"of",
"bremen",
",",
"circa",
"107",
"##5",
",",
"where",
"it",
"is",
"referred",
"to",
"as",
"vin",
"##land",
".",
"[",
"a",
"]",
"it",
"is",
"also",
"extensively",
"referred",
"to",
"in",
"the",
"13th",
"-",
"century",
"norse",
"vin",
"##land",
"saga",
"##s",
",",
"which",
"relate",
"to",
"events",
"which",
"occurred",
"around",
"1000",
".",
"whilst",
"the",
"strongest",
"archaeological",
"evidence",
"of",
"the",
"existence",
"of",
"norse",
"settlements",
"in",
"america",
"is",
"located",
"in",
"canada",
",",
"most",
"notably",
"at",
"l",
"'",
"an",
"##se",
"aux",
"meadows",
"and",
"dated",
"to",
"circa",
"1000",
",",
"there"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 4,
"end_token_idx": 6,
"identifier": "/wiki/Oneida_Indian_Nation",
"tokens": [
"one",
"##ida"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 7,
"end_token_idx": 8,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mohawk_people",
"tokens": [
"mohawk"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 9,
"end_token_idx": 12,
"identifier": "/wiki/Onondaga_people",
"tokens": [
"ono",
"##nda",
"##ga"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 13,
"end_token_idx": 16,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cayuga_people",
"tokens": [
"ca",
"##yu",
"##ga"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 18,
"end_token_idx": 19,
"identifier": "/wiki/Seneca_people",
"tokens": [
"seneca"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 49,
"end_token_idx": 52,
"identifier": "/wiki/Sachem",
"tokens": [
"sac",
"##hem",
"chiefs"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 105,
"end_token_idx": 107,
"identifier": "/wiki/Osage_Nation",
"tokens": [
"os",
"##age"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 108,
"end_token_idx": 110,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kaw_people",
"tokens": [
"ka",
"##w"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 111,
"end_token_idx": 113,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ponca",
"tokens": [
"po",
"##nca"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 115,
"end_token_idx": 116,
"identifier": "/wiki/Omaha_people",
"tokens": [
"omaha"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 148,
"end_token_idx": 151,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tahitians",
"tokens": [
"ta",
"##hiti",
"##an"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 201,
"end_token_idx": 203,
"identifier": "/wiki/James_Cook",
"tokens": [
"james",
"cook"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 223,
"end_token_idx": 228,
"identifier": "/wiki/Kamehameha_I",
"tokens": [
"kam",
"##eh",
"##ame",
"##ha",
"i"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 248,
"end_token_idx": 250,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom",
"tokens": [
"hawaiian",
"kingdom"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 280,
"end_token_idx": 285,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ortoiroid_culture",
"tokens": [
"or",
"##to",
"##iro",
"##id",
"culture"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 303,
"end_token_idx": 306,
"identifier": "/wiki/Arawak",
"tokens": [
"ara",
"##wa",
"##k"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 314,
"end_token_idx": 316,
"identifier": "/wiki/Lesser_Antilles",
"tokens": [
"lesser",
"antilles"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 322,
"end_token_idx": 324,
"identifier": "/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno",
"tokens": [
"tai",
"##no"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 356,
"end_token_idx": 359,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cacique",
"tokens": [
"ca",
"##ci",
"##que"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 375,
"end_token_idx": 379,
"identifier": "/wiki/Encomienda",
"tokens": [
"en",
"##com",
"##ien",
"##da"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 413,
"end_token_idx": 415,
"identifier": "/wiki/Gesta_Hammaburgensis_ecclesiae_pontificum",
"tokens": [
"historical",
"treatise"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 420,
"end_token_idx": 423,
"identifier": "/wiki/Adam_of_Bremen",
"tokens": [
"adam",
"of",
"bremen"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 434,
"end_token_idx": 436,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vinland",
"tokens": [
"vin",
"##land"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 452,
"end_token_idx": 456,
"identifier": "/wiki/Vinland_sagas",
"tokens": [
"vin",
"##land",
"saga",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 475,
"end_token_idx": 476,
"identifier": "/wiki/Norsemen",
"tokens": [
"norse"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 487,
"end_token_idx": 493,
"identifier": "/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows",
"tokens": [
"l",
"'",
"an",
"##se",
"aux",
"meadows"
]
}
] | [
101,
1010,
5398,
1997,
1996,
2028,
8524,
1010,
22338,
1010,
21058,
8943,
3654,
1010,
6187,
10513,
3654,
1010,
1998,
21224,
1012,
2037,
2291,
1997,
12912,
2001,
1037,
2785,
1997,
4657,
1010,
2367,
2013,
1996,
2844,
1010,
22493,
2647,
11590,
3111,
1012,
2169,
5917,
2018,
4272,
1999,
1037,
2177,
1997,
2753,
17266,
29122,
9058,
1012,
2009,
2038,
2042,
4081,
2008,
2037,
3226,
5201,
2000,
2576,
3241,
2076,
1996,
2458,
1997,
1996,
2142,
2163,
2231,
1012,
1996,
23015,
2020,
3928,
1010,
11333,
4726,
2162,
2007,
2116,
8581,
6946,
1010,
1998,
2101,
1010,
13481,
1012,
2004,
2037,
3700,
4423,
1010,
3760,
6946,
2020,
3140,
2582,
2225,
1010,
2164,
1996,
9808,
4270,
1010,
10556,
2860,
1010,
13433,
20909,
1010,
1998,
12864,
7243,
1012,
1996,
6635,
3058,
2005,
1996,
9853,
1997,
7359,
2003,
11621,
2021,
1996,
2034,
4093,
2087,
3497,
2165,
2173,
2090,
6365,
2692,
1998,
12104,
2692,
8292,
1012,
2105,
14840,
8292,
1010,
11937,
27798,
2319,
19264,
2179,
1998,
2211,
9853,
1996,
2181,
2004,
2092,
7411,
1037,
2047,
14542,
2291,
1012,
2023,
4417,
1996,
4125,
1997,
1996,
12188,
10585,
1010,
2029,
2052,
2022,
4321,
5459,
2013,
1996,
2717,
1997,
1996,
2088,
2127,
1996,
5508,
1997,
1996,
2329,
5174,
2086,
2101,
1012,
13481,
2104,
1996,
2329,
10566,
2508,
5660,
3369,
1999,
1996,
12188,
3470,
1999,
16331,
1010,
1998,
2306,
2274,
2086,
1997,
3967,
1010,
2647,
2510,
2974,
2052,
2393,
27829,
11106,
14074,
3270,
1045,
16152,
2087,
1997,
1996,
2479,
2177,
1010,
1998,
2776,
4895,
8757,
1996,
3470,
2005,
1996,
2034,
2051,
1025,
7411,
1996,
12188,
2983,
1012,
1996,
2479,
1997,
5984,
7043,
2038,
2042,
3876,
2005,
2012,
2560,
1018,
1010,
2199,
2086,
5306,
2067,
2000,
1996,
3464,
1997,
5984,
10768,
18933,
2158,
1012,
3225,
2007,
1996,
2030,
3406,
9711,
3593,
3226,
1010,
11165,
8213,
1997,
3128,
9230,
2015,
3369,
6419,
2030,
20998,
2334,
7080,
1012,
2011,
1996,
2095,
6694,
19027,
4213,
2243,
2111,
2018,
3369,
2013,
2148,
2637,
3081,
1996,
8276,
27695,
1010,
2122,
7322,
2052,
2468,
1996,
13843,
3630,
8567,
2011,
1996,
3009,
1999,
17332,
2509,
1012,
2588,
2647,
3967,
1037,
3128,
2313,
2090,
2382,
1010,
2199,
1998,
3438,
1010,
2199,
2001,
3497,
1010,
2419,
2011,
1037,
2309,
2708,
2170,
1037,
6187,
6895,
4226,
1012,
18962,
4504,
1999,
1996,
11703,
9581,
3508,
1997,
1996,
2334,
4864,
2349,
2000,
1996,
8401,
4372,
9006,
9013,
2850,
2291,
1998,
16311,
2015,
3303,
2011,
2214,
2088,
7870,
1012,
5984,
7043,
2052,
3961,
1037,
2112,
1997,
3577,
2127,
2137,
18985,
1999,
6068,
1012,
1996,
5700,
2680,
2647,
5254,
1997,
2637,
2003,
1999,
1037,
3439,
15326,
2011,
1996,
5781,
9519,
2099,
4205,
1997,
16314,
1010,
12800,
10550,
2629,
1010,
2073,
2009,
2003,
3615,
2000,
2004,
19354,
3122,
1012,
1031,
1037,
1033,
2009,
2003,
2036,
8077,
3615,
2000,
1999,
1996,
6122,
1011,
2301,
15342,
19354,
3122,
12312,
2015,
1010,
2029,
14396,
2000,
2824,
2029,
4158,
2105,
6694,
1012,
5819,
1996,
10473,
7611,
3350,
1997,
1996,
4598,
1997,
15342,
7617,
1999,
2637,
2003,
2284,
1999,
2710,
1010,
2087,
5546,
2012,
1048,
1005,
2019,
3366,
19554,
13524,
1998,
6052,
2000,
12800,
6694,
1010,
2045,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |
[
"is",
"significant",
"scholarly",
"debate",
"as",
"to",
"whether",
"norse",
"explorers",
"also",
"made",
"landfall",
"in",
"new",
"england",
"and",
"other",
"east",
"-",
"coast",
"areas",
".",
"in",
"1925",
",",
"president",
"calvin",
"cool",
"##idge",
"declared",
"that",
"a",
"norse",
"explorer",
"called",
"lei",
"##f",
"erik",
"##son",
"(",
"c",
".",
"97",
"##0",
"–",
"c",
".",
"102",
"##0",
")",
"was",
"the",
"first",
"european",
"to",
"discover",
"america",
".",
"the",
"spaniards",
"then",
"rediscovered",
"america",
"in",
"149",
"##2",
".",
"after",
"a",
"period",
"of",
"exploration",
"sponsored",
"by",
"major",
"european",
"states",
",",
"the",
"first",
"successful",
"english",
"settlement",
"was",
"established",
"in",
"160",
"##7",
".",
"europeans",
"brought",
"horses",
",",
"cattle",
",",
"and",
"hog",
"##s",
"to",
"the",
"americas",
"and",
",",
"in",
"turn",
",",
"took",
"back",
"maize",
",",
"turkey",
"##s",
",",
"tomatoes",
",",
"potatoes",
",",
"tobacco",
",",
"beans",
",",
"and",
"squash",
"to",
"europe",
".",
"many",
"explorers",
"and",
"early",
"settlers",
"died",
"after",
"being",
"exposed",
"to",
"new",
"diseases",
"in",
"the",
"americas",
".",
"however",
",",
"the",
"effects",
"of",
"new",
"eurasian",
"diseases",
"carried",
"by",
"the",
"colonists",
",",
"especially",
"smallpox",
"and",
"me",
"##as",
"##les",
",",
"were",
"much",
"worse",
"for",
"the",
"native",
"americans",
",",
"as",
"they",
"had",
"no",
"immunity",
"to",
"them",
".",
"they",
"suffered",
"epidemic",
"##s",
"and",
"died",
"in",
"very",
"large",
"numbers",
",",
"usually",
"before",
"large",
"-",
"scale",
"european",
"settlement",
"began",
".",
"their",
"societies",
"were",
"disrupted",
"and",
"hollow",
"##ed",
"out",
"by",
"the",
"scale",
"of",
"deaths",
".",
"spanish",
"explorers",
"were",
"the",
"first",
"europeans",
",",
"after",
"the",
"norse",
",",
"to",
"reach",
"the",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"united",
"states",
",",
"after",
"christopher",
"columbus",
"'",
"s",
"expeditions",
"(",
"beginning",
"in",
"149",
"##2",
")",
"established",
"possessions",
"in",
"the",
"caribbean",
",",
"including",
"the",
"modern",
"-",
"day",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"territories",
"of",
"puerto",
"rico",
",",
"and",
"parts",
"of",
"the",
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"virgin",
"islands",
".",
"juan",
"ponce",
"de",
"leon",
"landed",
"in",
"florida",
"in",
"151",
"##3",
".",
"spanish",
"expeditions",
"quickly",
"reached",
"the",
"appalachian",
"mountains",
",",
"the",
"mississippi",
"river",
",",
"the",
"grand",
"canyon",
",",
"and",
"the",
"great",
"plains",
".",
"in",
"153",
"##9",
",",
"her",
"##nan",
"##do",
"de",
"soto",
"extensively",
"explored",
"the",
"southeast",
",",
"and",
"a",
"year",
"later",
"francisco",
"corona",
"##do",
"explored",
"from",
"arizona",
"to",
"central",
"kansas",
"in",
"search",
"of",
"gold",
".",
"escaped",
"horses",
"from",
"corona",
"##do",
"'",
"s",
"party",
"spread",
"over",
"the",
"great",
"plains",
",",
"and",
"the",
"plains",
"indians",
"mastered",
"horse",
"##manship",
"within",
"a",
"few",
"generations",
".",
"small",
"spanish",
"settlements",
"eventually",
"grew",
"to",
"become",
"important",
"cities",
",",
"such",
"as",
"san",
"antonio",
",",
"albuquerque",
",",
"tucson",
",",
"los",
"angeles",
",",
"and",
"san",
"francisco",
".",
"the",
"dutch",
"east",
"india",
"company",
"sent",
"explorer",
"henry",
"hudson",
"to",
"search",
"for",
"a",
"northwest",
"passage",
"to",
"asia",
"in",
"1609",
".",
"new",
"net",
"##her",
"##land",
"was",
"established",
"in",
"1621",
"by",
"the",
"company",
"to",
"capital",
"##ize",
"on",
"the",
"north",
"american",
"fur",
"trade",
".",
"growth",
"was",
"slow",
"at",
"first",
"due",
"to",
"mis",
"##mana",
"##gement",
"by",
"the",
"dutch",
"and",
"native",
"american",
"conflicts",
".",
"after",
"the",
"dutch",
"purchased",
"the",
"island",
"of",
"manhattan",
"from",
"the",
"native",
"americans",
"for",
"a",
"reported",
"price",
"of",
"us",
"$",
"24",
",",
"the",
"land",
"was",
"named",
"new",
"amsterdam",
"and",
"became",
"the",
"capital",
"of",
"new",
"net",
"##her",
"##land",
".",
"the",
"town",
"rapidly",
"expanded",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"mid",
"-",
"1600",
"##s",
"it",
"became"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
{
"start_token_idx": 13,
"end_token_idx": 15,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_England",
"tokens": [
"new",
"england"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 26,
"end_token_idx": 29,
"identifier": "/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge",
"tokens": [
"calvin",
"cool",
"##idge"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 35,
"end_token_idx": 39,
"identifier": "/wiki/Leif_Erikson",
"tokens": [
"lei",
"##f",
"erik",
"##son"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 69,
"end_token_idx": 77,
"identifier": "/wiki/Exploration_of_North_America",
"tokens": [
"period",
"of",
"exploration",
"sponsored",
"by",
"major",
"european",
"states"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 122,
"end_token_idx": 123,
"identifier": "/wiki/Cucurbita",
"tokens": [
"squash"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 174,
"end_token_idx": 175,
"identifier": "/wiki/Immunity_(medical)",
"tokens": [
"immunity"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 179,
"end_token_idx": 182,
"identifier": "/wiki/Native_American_disease_and_epidemics",
"tokens": [
"suffered",
"epidemic",
"##s"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 212,
"end_token_idx": 214,
"identifier": "/wiki/Conquistador",
"tokens": [
"spanish",
"explorers"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 233,
"end_token_idx": 235,
"identifier": "/wiki/Christopher_Columbus",
"tokens": [
"christopher",
"columbus"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 237,
"end_token_idx": 238,
"identifier": "/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus",
"tokens": [
"expeditions"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 245,
"end_token_idx": 249,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies",
"tokens": [
"possessions",
"in",
"the",
"caribbean"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 255,
"end_token_idx": 260,
"identifier": "/wiki/U.S._territories",
"tokens": [
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"territories"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 261,
"end_token_idx": 263,
"identifier": "/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico",
"tokens": [
"puerto",
"rico"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 268,
"end_token_idx": 274,
"identifier": "/wiki/U.S._Virgin_Islands",
"tokens": [
"u",
".",
"s",
".",
"virgin",
"islands"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 275,
"end_token_idx": 279,
"identifier": "/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n",
"tokens": [
"juan",
"ponce",
"de",
"leon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 281,
"end_token_idx": 282,
"identifier": "/wiki/Spanish_Florida",
"tokens": [
"florida"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 291,
"end_token_idx": 293,
"identifier": "/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains",
"tokens": [
"appalachian",
"mountains"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 295,
"end_token_idx": 297,
"identifier": "/wiki/Mississippi_River",
"tokens": [
"mississippi",
"river"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 299,
"end_token_idx": 301,
"identifier": "/wiki/Grand_Canyon",
"tokens": [
"grand",
"canyon"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 304,
"end_token_idx": 306,
"identifier": "/wiki/Great_Plains",
"tokens": [
"great",
"plains"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 311,
"end_token_idx": 316,
"identifier": "/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto",
"tokens": [
"her",
"##nan",
"##do",
"de",
"soto"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 325,
"end_token_idx": 328,
"identifier": "/wiki/Francisco_Coronado",
"tokens": [
"francisco",
"corona",
"##do"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 377,
"end_token_idx": 379,
"identifier": "/wiki/San_Antonio",
"tokens": [
"san",
"antonio"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 380,
"end_token_idx": 381,
"identifier": "/wiki/Albuquerque",
"tokens": [
"albuquerque"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 382,
"end_token_idx": 383,
"identifier": "/wiki/Tucson",
"tokens": [
"tucson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 392,
"end_token_idx": 396,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company",
"tokens": [
"dutch",
"east",
"india",
"company"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 398,
"end_token_idx": 400,
"identifier": "/wiki/Henry_Hudson",
"tokens": [
"henry",
"hudson"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 404,
"end_token_idx": 406,
"identifier": "/wiki/Northwest_Passage",
"tokens": [
"northwest",
"passage"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 411,
"end_token_idx": 415,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Netherland",
"tokens": [
"new",
"net",
"##her",
"##land"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 427,
"end_token_idx": 431,
"identifier": "/wiki/North_American_fur_trade",
"tokens": [
"north",
"american",
"fur",
"trade"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 444,
"end_token_idx": 445,
"identifier": "/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas",
"tokens": [
"dutch"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 457,
"end_token_idx": 458,
"identifier": "/wiki/Manhattan",
"tokens": [
"manhattan"
]
},
{
"start_token_idx": 475,
"end_token_idx": 477,
"identifier": "/wiki/New_Amsterdam",
"tokens": [
"new",
"amsterdam"
]
}
] | [
101,
2003,
3278,
12683,
5981,
2004,
2000,
3251,
15342,
19264,
2036,
2081,
21042,
1999,
2047,
2563,
1998,
2060,
2264,
1011,
3023,
2752,
1012,
1999,
4849,
1010,
2343,
11130,
4658,
13623,
4161,
2008,
1037,
15342,
10566,
2170,
26947,
2546,
10240,
3385,
1006,
1039,
1012,
5989,
2692,
1516,
1039,
1012,
9402,
2692,
1007,
2001,
1996,
2034,
2647,
2000,
7523,
2637,
1012,
1996,
20999,
2059,
26733,
2637,
1999,
17332,
2475,
1012,
2044,
1037,
2558,
1997,
8993,
6485,
2011,
2350,
2647,
2163,
1010,
1996,
2034,
3144,
2394,
4093,
2001,
2511,
1999,
8148,
2581,
1012,
13481,
2716,
5194,
1010,
7125,
1010,
1998,
27589,
2015,
2000,
1996,
10925,
1998,
1010,
1999,
2735,
1010,
2165,
2067,
21154,
1010,
4977,
2015,
1010,
12851,
1010,
14629,
1010,
9098,
1010,
13435,
1010,
1998,
18794,
2000,
2885,
1012,
2116,
19264,
1998,
2220,
7322,
2351,
2044,
2108,
6086,
2000,
2047,
7870,
1999,
1996,
10925,
1012,
2174,
1010,
1996,
3896,
1997,
2047,
23399,
7870,
3344,
2011,
1996,
15526,
1010,
2926,
25765,
1998,
2033,
3022,
4244,
1010,
2020,
2172,
4788,
2005,
1996,
3128,
4841,
1010,
2004,
2027,
2018,
2053,
15403,
2000,
2068,
1012,
2027,
4265,
16311,
2015,
1998,
2351,
1999,
2200,
2312,
3616,
1010,
2788,
2077,
2312,
1011,
4094,
2647,
4093,
2211,
1012,
2037,
8384,
2020,
20275,
1998,
8892,
2098,
2041,
2011,
1996,
4094,
1997,
6677,
1012,
3009,
19264,
2020,
1996,
2034,
13481,
1010,
2044,
1996,
15342,
1010,
2000,
3362,
1996,
2556,
1011,
2154,
2142,
2163,
1010,
2044,
5696,
8912,
1005,
1055,
15014,
1006,
2927,
1999,
17332,
2475,
1007,
2511,
13689,
1999,
1996,
7139,
1010,
2164,
1996,
2715,
1011,
2154,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
6500,
1997,
5984,
7043,
1010,
1998,
3033,
1997,
1996,
1057,
1012,
1055,
1012,
6261,
3470,
1012,
5348,
21085,
2139,
6506,
5565,
1999,
3516,
1999,
16528,
2509,
1012,
3009,
15014,
2855,
2584,
1996,
19682,
4020,
1010,
1996,
5900,
2314,
1010,
1996,
2882,
8399,
1010,
1998,
1996,
2307,
8575,
1012,
1999,
16710,
2683,
1010,
2014,
7229,
3527,
2139,
22768,
8077,
10641,
1996,
4643,
1010,
1998,
1037,
2095,
2101,
3799,
21887,
3527,
10641,
2013,
5334,
2000,
2430,
5111,
1999,
3945,
1997,
2751,
1012,
6376,
5194,
2013,
21887,
3527,
1005,
1055,
2283,
3659,
2058,
1996,
2307,
8575,
1010,
1998,
1996,
8575,
6505,
15682,
3586,
21530,
2306,
1037,
2261,
8213,
1012,
2235,
3009,
7617,
2776,
3473,
2000,
2468,
2590,
3655,
1010,
2107,
2004,
2624,
4980,
1010,
19334,
1010,
17478,
1010,
3050,
3349,
1010,
1998,
2624,
3799,
1012,
1996,
3803,
2264,
2634,
2194,
2741,
10566,
2888,
6842,
2000,
3945,
2005,
1037,
4514,
6019,
2000,
4021,
1999,
28058,
1012,
2047,
5658,
5886,
3122,
2001,
2511,
1999,
27037,
2011,
1996,
2194,
2000,
3007,
4697,
2006,
1996,
2167,
2137,
6519,
3119,
1012,
3930,
2001,
4030,
2012,
2034,
2349,
2000,
28616,
24805,
20511,
2011,
1996,
3803,
1998,
3128,
2137,
9755,
1012,
2044,
1996,
3803,
4156,
1996,
2479,
1997,
7128,
2013,
1996,
3128,
4841,
2005,
1037,
2988,
3976,
1997,
2149,
1002,
2484,
1010,
1996,
2455,
2001,
2315,
2047,
7598,
1998,
2150,
1996,
3007,
1997,
2047,
5658,
5886,
3122,
1012,
1996,
2237,
5901,
4423,
1998,
1999,
1996,
3054,
1011,
14883,
2015,
2009,
2150,
102
] | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] |