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like 5

( Pluto ( ( ( rotates ( once ( on ( its axis ) ) ) ) ( every ( 6.39 ( Earth days ) ) ) ) ; ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Pluto)) (VP (VBZ rotates) (ADVP (RB once) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)))) (NP (DT every) (CD 6.39) (NNP Earth) (NNS days))) (: ;)))

Pluto rotates once on its axis every 6.39 Earth days;

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ rotates) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)) (ADVP (RB once))) (CC times) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD one) (NN day))))) (. .)))

Earth rotates on its axis once times in one day.

neutral

( -- ( ( Glenn ========================================================= ) ( ( Once ( per ( ( day , ) ( the earth ) ) ) ) ( ( rotates ( about ( its axis ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (: --) (NP (NNP Glenn) (NNP =========================================================)) (ADVP (RB Once) (PP (IN per) (NP (NP (NN day)) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN earth))))) (VP (VBZ rotates) (PP (IN about) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)))) (. .)))

---Glenn ========================================================= Once per day, the earth rotates about its axis.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ rotates) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)) (ADVP (RB once))) (CC times) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD one) (NN day))))) (. .)))

Earth rotates on its axis once times in one day.

entailment

( ( ( geysers - ) ( ( periodic gush ) ( of ( ( hot water ) ( at ( ( the surface ) ( of ( the Earth ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NNS geysers)) (: -) (NP (NP (JJ periodic) (NNS gush)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ hot) (NN water)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN Earth)))))))) (. .)))

geysers - periodic gush of hot water at the surface of the Earth.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( ( ( Facts : ) ( ( Liquid ( water droplets ) ) ( can ( be ( ( changed ( into ( invisible ( water vapor ) ) ) ) ( through ( ( a process ) ( called evaporation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NNS Facts)) (: :) (S (NP (NN Liquid) (NN water) (NNS droplets)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN changed) (PP (IN into) (NP (JJ invisible) (NN water) (NN vapor))) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN process)) (VP (VBN called) (NP (NN evaporation))))))))) (. .)))

Facts: Liquid water droplets can be changed into invisible water vapor through a process called evaporation .

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Evaporation)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ responsible) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG changing) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN water)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NN water) (NN vapor)))))))) (. .)))

Evaporation is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor.

entailment

( ( By comparison ) ( , ( ( the earth ) ( ( ( ( rotates ( on ( ( its axis ) ( once ( per day ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( ( revolves around ) ( ( the sun ) ( once ( per year ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN By) (NP (NN comparison))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN earth)) (VP (VP (VBZ rotates) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)) (PP (ADVP (RB once)) (IN per) (NP (NN day)))))) (CC and) (VP (VBZ revolves) (PRT (RP around)) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (PP (ADVP (RB once)) (IN per) (NP (NN year)))))) (. .)))

By comparison, the earth rotates on its axis once per day and revolves around the sun once per year.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ rotates) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)) (ADVP (RB once))) (CC times) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD one) (NN day))))) (. .)))

Earth rotates on its axis once times in one day.

entailment

( ( ( ( ( Pluto ( ( is ( ( ( about ( 39 ( times more ) ) ) distant ) ( from ( the Sun ) ) ) ) ( than ( is ( the Earth ) ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( it ( ( takes ( ( ( about 250 ) ( Earth years ) ) ( for Pluto ) ) ) ( to ( ( make ( one ( complete revolution ) ) ) ( around ( the Sun ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNP Pluto)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 39) (NNS times) (JJR more)) (JJ distant)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun)))) (SBAR (IN than) (S (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN Earth))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ takes) (NP (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 250)) (NNP Earth) (NNS years)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNP Pluto)))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (CD one) (JJ complete) (NN revolution)) (PP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun)))))))) (. .)))

Pluto is about 39 times more distant from the Sun than is the Earth, and it takes about 250 Earth years for Pluto to make one complete revolution around the Sun.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ makes) (NP (DT a) (JJ complete) (NN revolution)) (NP (ADVP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (PP (IN about) (ADVP (RB once)))) (DT every) (NN year))) (. .)))

Earth makes a complete revolution around the sun about once every year.

neutral

( It ( ( ( takes ( ( Pluto 247.7 ) ( Earth years ) ) ) ( to ( make ( ( one revolution ) ( around ( the Sun ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ takes) (NP (QP (CD Pluto) (CD 247.7)) (NNP Earth) (NNS years)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (NP (CD one) (NN revolution)) (PP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun)))))))) (. .)))

It takes Pluto 247.7 Earth years to make one revolution around the Sun.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ makes) (NP (DT a) (JJ complete) (NN revolution)) (NP (ADVP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (PP (IN about) (ADVP (RB once)))) (DT every) (NN year))) (. .)))

Earth makes a complete revolution around the sun about once every year.

neutral

( ( Multicellular ( organisms ( that ( have ( ( ( ( ( a ( eukaryotic ( cell type ) ) ) , ) mitochondria ) and ) ( a ( ( complex nervous ) system ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VB Multicellular) (NP (NP (NNS organisms)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ eukaryotic) (NN cell) (NN type)) (, ,) (NP (NN mitochondria)) (CC and) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (JJ complex) (JJ nervous)) (NN system)))))))) (. .)))

Multicellular organisms that have a eukaryotic cell type, mitochondria and a complex nervous system.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Single-celled) (NNS organisms) (CC and) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN way) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN waste) (NNS materials))))))))) (. .)))

Single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have this in common: both have a way to get rid of waste materials.

neutral

( ( ( Distribution Water ) ( on earth ) ) ( ( is ( ( located primarily ) ( in ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( the oceans ) ( -LRB- ( ( 97.2 % ) -RRB- ) ) ) , ) ( ( polar caps ) ( -LRB- ( ( 2.14 % ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) , ) ( ( ground water ) ( -LRB- ( ( 0.61 % ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( ( surface water ) ( -LRB- ( ( 0.009 % ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Distribution) (NNP Water)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN located) (ADVP (RB primarily)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS oceans)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD 97.2) (NN %)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJ polar) (NNS caps)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD 2.14) (NN %)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN ground) (NN water)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD 0.61) (NN %)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NN surface) (NN water)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD 0.009) (NN %)) (-RRB- -RRB-))))))) (. .)))

Distribution Water on earth is located primarily in the oceans (97.2%), polar caps (2.14%), ground water(0.61%), and surface water(0.009%).

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (JJS Most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN earth) (POS 's)) (NN water)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN located) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS oceans)))))))

Most of earth's water is located in oceans

entailment

( migratory ( birds ( which ( ( fly ( from ( South America ) ) ) ( to ( ( ( winter ( in ( Arctic Circle ) ) ) , ) ( where they ) ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (FRAG (ADVP (RB migratory)) (NP (NP (NNS birds)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBP fly) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP South) (NNP America))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB winter) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Arctic) (NNP Circle))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (PRP they)))))))))))))

migratory birds which fly from South America to winter in Arctic Circle, where they

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (JJ Many) (NNS species)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS birds)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ new) (NN england)))))) (VP (VBP fly) (ADVP (RB south) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NN winter) (NNS months)))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (NP (DT an) (NN environment)) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJR more) (NN food))))))) (. .)))

Many species of birds in new england fly south for the winter months to find an environment with more food.

neutral

( ( Younger children ) ( ( ( ( ( ( learn ( about ( ( different forms ) ( of energy ) ) ) ) , ) ( including ( heat ( , ( ( light and ) sound ) ) ) ) ) , ) ( though ( concrete activities ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Younger) (NNS children)) (VP (VBP learn) (PP (IN about) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (, ,) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NN heat) (, ,) (NN light) (CC and) (NN sound))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN though) (FRAG (NP (JJ concrete) (NNS activities))))) (. .)))

Younger children learn about different forms of energy, including heat, light and sound, though concrete activities.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Heat)) (, ,) (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN sound))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT all) (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (. .)))

Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy.

entailment

( ( When ( ( enough condensation ) forms ) ) ( , ( it ( ( will ( ( ( rain and ) water ) ( the plants ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (JJ enough) (NN condensation)) (VP (VBZ forms)))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB rain) (CC and) (VB water) (NP (DT the) (NNS plants)))) (. .)))

When enough condensation forms, it will rain and water the plants.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Dew)) (VP (VBG forming) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNS plants))) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (JJ cold) (NN night))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN water) (NN condensing))))) (. .)))

Dew forming on plants during a cold night is an example of water condensing.

neutral

( ( ( The photosynthesis ) ( of ( the past ) ) ) ( ( is ( what ( had ( stored ( ( the ( Sun 's ) ) ( energy ( that ( ultimately ( produced coal ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ; ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN photosynthesis)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN past)))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN stored) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun) (POS 's)) (NN energy) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (ADVP (RB ultimately)) (VP (VBD produced) (NP (NN coal))))))))))) (: ;)))

The photosynthesis of the past is what had stored the Sun's energy that ultimately produced coal;

(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNP Coal)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ nonrenewable)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ renewable) (SBAR (S (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NP (NN coal)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (VP (VBP compare) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNS sources)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))))))))))))) (. .)))

Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable is how coal and the sun compare as sources of energy.

neutral

( ( Around ( ( ( the ( liquid stor ) ) - ) ( ( age and ) ( liquid ( recovery systems ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( rain ( water runoff ) ) ( ( would ( be ( ( controlled ( by collection ) ) ( into ( a ( sump system ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN Around) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ liquid) (NN stor)) (: -) (NP (NP (NN age)) (CC and) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN recovery) (NNS systems))))) (, ,) (NP (NN rain) (NN water) (NN runoff)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN controlled) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN collection))) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT a) (NN sump) (NN system)))))) (. .)))

Around the liquid stor- age and liquid recovery systems, rain water runoff would be controlled by collection into a sump system.

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Rain)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN water))))) (. .)))

Rain is an example of liquid water.

neutral

( ( In ( this ( last example ) ) ) ( , ( it ( ( ( is n't ) ( even ( ( ( loudness or ) sound ) ( ( at all ) ( that ( needs ( to ( be made ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT this) (JJ last) (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB n't) (ADJP (RB even) (JJ loudness) (CC or) (JJ sound) (SBAR (ADVP (IN at) (DT all)) (IN that) (S (VP (VBZ needs) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN made)))))))))) (. .)))

In this last example, it isn't even loudness or sound at all that needs to be made.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sound)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ loud) (NN classroom)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))))) (. .)))

The sound in a loud classroom is an example of a form of energy.

neutral

( ( When ( ( these winds ) ( are strong ) ) ) ( , ( they ( ( deflect ( ( moister air ) ( ( ( moving up ) ( from ( ( ( the ( Gulf coast ) ) and ) ( cold ( air masses ) ) ) ) ) ( ( moving down ) ( from ( the Arctic ) ) ) ) ) ) ; ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (DT these) (NNS winds)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ strong))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBZ deflect) (NP (NP (NN moister) (NN air)) (VP (VBG moving) (PRT (RP up)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Gulf) (NN coast)) (CC and) (NP (JJ cold) (NN air) (NNS masses)))) (S (VP (VBG moving) (PRT (RP down)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NNP Arctic)))))))) (: ;)))

When these winds are strong, they deflect moister air moving up from the Gulf coast and cold air masses moving down from the Arctic;

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS best) (NN explanation)) (PP (IN for) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (VP (VBP move) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (VBG prevailing) (NNS westerlies)) (VP (VP (VBP move) (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN west))) (PP (TO to) (ADJP (JJ east))) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))) (CC but) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN deflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN jet) (NN stream)))))))))) (. .)))

The best explanation for how air masses move across the united states is that the prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east across the united states but may be deflected by the jet stream.

neutral

( ( ( Evaporation : ) ( ( The process ) ( that ( ( ( changes water ) ( -LRB- ( liquid -RRB- ) ) ) ( into ( ( water vapor ) ( -LRB- ( gas -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NNP Evaporation)) (: :) (NP (NP (DT The) (NN process)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ changes) (NP (NN water)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (ADJP (JJ liquid)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (NN water) (NN vapor)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN gas)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (. .)))

Evaporation : The process that changes water (liquid) into water vapor (gas).

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Evaporation)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ responsible) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG changing) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN water)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NN water) (NN vapor)))))))) (. .)))

Evaporation is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor.

entailment

( ( ( A ( long-day plant ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( a plant ) ( that ( ( flowers ( in ( ( the ( early summer ) ) ( in response ) ) ) ) ( to ( increasing ( day length ) ) ) ) ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ( ( will ( be ( used ( to ( isolate ( the ( appropriate promoters ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ long-day) (NN plant)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN plant)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD flowers) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ early) (NN summer)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN response))))) (PP (TO to) (NP (VBG increasing) (NN day) (NN length))))))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB isolate) (NP (DT the) (JJ appropriate) (NNS promoters)))))))) (. .)))

A long-day plant (a plant that flowers in the early summer in response to increasing day length) will be used to isolate the appropriate promoters.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN length)))) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN metal) (NN railroad) (NNS tracks))) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN day)))))) (. .)))

A(n) increase in length happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day.

neutral

( Why ( ( ( do we ) ( ( find ( ( ( few or ) no ) ( human fossils ) ) ) ( in ( ( most sedimentary ) rock ) ) ) ) ? ) )

(ROOT (SBARQ (WHADVP (WRB Why)) (SQ (VBP do) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VB find) (NP (ADJP (JJ few) (CC or) (DT no)) (JJ human) (NNS fossils)) (PP (IN in) (NP (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ sedimentary)) (NN rock))))) (. ?)))

Why do we find few or no human fossils in most sedimentary rock?

(ROOT (S (NP (JJS Most) (NNS fossils)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN found) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ sedimentary) (NNS rocks))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS organisms)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN preserved) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ sedimentary) (NN rock)))))))))) (. .)))

Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks because organisms can be preserved in sedimentary rock.

neutral

( ( Even ( if ( you ( ( do n't ) ( live ( near ( ( a ( ( stream or ) river ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( though ( ( most people ) do ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( there ( ( are ( ( many ( little things ) ) ( you ( can ( ( ( ( do ( to ( help ( ( prevent ( ( too much ) ( water ( and ( soil run-off ) ) ) ) ) ( from ( contaminating ( ( streams and ) rivers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( where ( ( anadromous fishes ) live ) ) ) : ) ( Keep ( your ( lawn vegetated ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (RB Even) (IN if) (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VBP do) (RB n't) (VP (VB live) (PP (IN near) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN stream) (CC or) (NN river)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (SBAR (IN though) (S (NP (JJS most) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP do)))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ many) (JJ little) (NNS things)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VP (VB do) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB help) (VP (VB prevent) (NP (ADJP (RB too) (JJ much)) (NN water) (CC and) (NN soil) (NNS run-off)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG contaminating) (NP (NNS streams) (CC and) (NNS rivers))))))))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NNS anadromous) (NNS fishes)) (VP (VBP live))))) (: :) (VP (VB Keep) (NP (PRP$ your) (NN lawn) (NN vegetated))))))))) (. .)))

Even if you don't live near a stream or river (though most people do), there are many little things you can do to help prevent too much water and soil run-off from contaminating streams and rivers where anadromous fishes live: Keep your lawn vegetated.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB help) (VP (VB keep) (NP (DT a) (NN forest)) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (NN place)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNS birds) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG preventing) (NP (ADJP (RB too) (JJ many)) (NNS trees)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN cut) (PRT (RP down)))))))))))))))))) (. .)))

People can help keep a forest a good place for birds to live by preventing too many trees from being cut down.

neutral

( MINERALS ( ( ( ( A mineral ) ( is ( any naturally-occurring ) ) ) , ) ( ( homogeneous ( solid ( that ( has ( ( ( a ( definite ( chemical composition ) ) ) and ) ( a ( distinctive ( internal ( crystal structure ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS MINERALS)) (PRN (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT any) (NN naturally-occurring)))) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ homogeneous) (ADJP (JJ solid) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ definite) (NN chemical) (NN composition)) (CC and) (NP (DT a) (JJ distinctive) (JJ internal) (NN crystal) (NN structure)))))))) (. .)))

MINERALS A mineral is any naturally-occurring, homogeneous solid that has a definite chemical composition and a distinctive internal crystal structure.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ solid) (JJ natural) (NN material)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT a) (NN crystal) (NN structure))))))) (. .)))

A mineral is described as a solid natural material with a crystal structure.

entailment

( ( Selfish ( ( ( ( ( Cells ( Threaten ( Multicellular Life ) ) ) , ) ( Trends ( in Ecology ) ) ) and ) ( Evolution Excerpt ) ) ) ( : ( ( ( How far ) ( have ( conflicts ( at ( ( the ( cell ( and ( organism level ) ) ) ) ( influenced ( ( the evolution ) ( of multicellularity ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ? ) ) )

(ROOT (FRAG (S (VP (VB Selfish) (NP (NP (NNP Cells) (NNP Threaten) (NNP Multicellular) (NNP Life)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP Trends)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Ecology)))) (CC and) (NP (NNP Evolution) (NNP Excerpt))))) (: :) (FRAG (WHADVP (WRB How) (RB far)) (VP (VB have) (NP (NP (NNS conflicts)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN cell) (CC and) (NN organism) (NN level)) (VP (VBN influenced) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN evolution)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN multicellularity)))))))))) (. ?)))

Selfish Cells Threaten Multicellular Life, Trends in Ecology and Evolution Excerpt: How far have conflicts at the cell and organism level influenced the evolution of multicellularity?

(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Single-celled) (NNS organisms) (CC and) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN way) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN waste) (NNS materials))))))))) (. .)))

Single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have this in common: both have a way to get rid of waste materials.

neutral

( Frogs ( ( ( replace them ) ( with ( lungs ( in ( ( the transition ) ( from ( tadpoles ( to adults ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Frogs)) (VP (VBP replace) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NNS lungs)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN transition)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NNS tadpoles)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NNS adults)))))))))) (. .)))

Frogs replace them with lungs in the transition from tadpoles to adults.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN frog)) (VP (VBZ develops) (NP (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN a/an)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NNS lungs)) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ changes) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT a) (NN tadpole))) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT an) (JJ adult) (NN frog))))))) (. .)))

A frog develops (a/an) lungs as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog.

entailment

( ( 3 -RRB- ) ( ( The earth ) ( ( ( is ( far ( enough ( from ( the sun ) ) ) ) ) ( so ( that ( ( its ( surface temperature ) ) ( ( is n't ) ( unbearably hot ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (LST (LS 3) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (DT The) (NN earth)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB far) (JJ enough) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (SBAR (RB so) (IN that) (S (NP (PRP$ its) (NN surface) (NN temperature)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB n't) (ADJP (RB unbearably) (JJ hot)))))) (. .)))

3) The earth is far enough from the sun so that its surface temperature isn't unbearably hot .

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( ( ( ( Solar system ) : ) ( ( ( the Sun ) and ) ( ( all bodies ) ( ( orbiting around ) it ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NNP Solar) (NN system)) (: :) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT all) (NNS bodies)) (VP (VBG orbiting) (PRT (RP around)) (NP (PRP it))))) (. .)))

Solar system: the Sun and all bodies orbiting around it.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS largest) (NN body)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ solar) (NN system)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (. .)))

The largest body in our solar system is the sun.

neutral

( ( ( ( The sun ) and ) stars ) ( ( ( appeared exactly ) ( as ( they ( ( do ( to us ) ) ( upon earth ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sun)) (CC and) (NP (NNS stars))) (VP (VBD appeared) (ADVP (RB exactly)) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP do) (PP (TO to) (NP (PRP us))) (PP (IN upon) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The sun and stars appeared exactly as they do to us upon earth.

(ROOT (S (PP (IN From) (NP (NN earth))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ appears) (NP (NN brighter)) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT any) (JJ other) (NN star))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (JJS closest) (NN star))))))))

From earth, the sun appears brighter than any other star because the sun is the closest star

neutral

( Indeed ( , ( ( ( these and ) ( most fungi ) ) ( ( are ( ( multicellular organisms ) ( ( made up ) ( of ( cells ( have ( ( ( cell walls ) , ) ( a ( typical ( plant characteristic ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Indeed)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT these)) (CC and) (NP (JJS most) (NNS fungi))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBN made) (PRT (RP up)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS cells)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (NN cell) (NNS walls)) (, ,) (NP (DT a) (JJ typical) (NN plant) (NN characteristic))))))))) (. .)))

Indeed, these and most fungi are multicellular organisms made up of cells have cell walls, a typical plant characteristic.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Single-celled) (NNS organisms) (CC and) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN way) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN waste) (NNS materials))))))))) (. .)))

Single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have this in common: both have a way to get rid of waste materials.

neutral

( ( For example ) ( , ( ( active health ) ( ( is ( ( offered ( in ( every grade ) ) ) ( to ( teach ( students ( to ( monitor ( ( their ( own ( healthy habits ) ) ) ( such ( as ( nutrition ( , ( substance ( ( abuse and ) smoking ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (JJ active) (NN health)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN offered) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT every) (NN grade))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB teach) (S (NP (NNS students)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB monitor) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ own) (JJ healthy) (NNS habits)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NN nutrition) (, ,) (NN substance) (NN abuse) (CC and) (NN smoking)))))))))))) (. .)))

For example, active health is offered in every grade to teach students to monitor their own healthy habits such as nutrition, substance abuse and smoking.

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Exercising) (NP (DT every) (NN day)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (NN health) (NN habit))))) (. .)))

Exercising every day is an example of a good health habit.

neutral

( ( ( ( Identify ( her ( master traits ) ) ) and ) ( ( provide ( an example ) ) ( from ( ( the reading ) ( for ( each trait ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VP (VB Identify) (NP (PRP$ her) (NN master) (NNS traits))) (CC and) (VP (VB provide) (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN reading)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT each) (NN trait))))))) (. .)))

Identify her master traits and provide an example from the reading for each trait.

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Being) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB read))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ learned) (NN trait))))) (. .)))

Being able to read is an example of a learned trait.

neutral

( ( On Titan ) ( , ( ( ( rain and ) clouds ) ( ( ( are ( most likely ) ) ( ( made up ) ( of ( ( ( ( liquid methane ) , ) not ) water ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN On) (NP (NNP Titan))) (, ,) (NP (NN rain) (CC and) (NNS clouds)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RBS most) (RB likely)) (VP (VBN made) (PRT (RP up)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ liquid) (NN methane)) (, ,) (RB not) (NP (NN water)))))) (. .)))

On Titan, rain and clouds are most likely made up of liquid methane, not water.

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Rain)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN water))))) (. .)))

Rain is an example of liquid water.

neutral

( CSX ( ( operates ( ( ( a ( north-south length ) ) ( of ( railroad track ) ) ) ( that ( connects ( ( Chrisman and ) Paris ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP CSX)) (VP (VBZ operates) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ north-south) (NN length)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN railroad) (NN track))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ connects) (NP (NNP Chrisman) (CC and) (NNP Paris))))))) (. .)))

CSX operates a north-south length of railroad track that connects Chrisman and Paris.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN length)))) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN metal) (NN railroad) (NNS tracks))) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN day)))))) (. .)))

A(n) increase in length happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day.

neutral

( Slugs ( , ( ( ( ( ( ( ( believe it ) or ) not ) ( have ( ( ( ( ( a ( ( very important ) purpose ) ) . ) ( They ( are ( ( decomposers , ) ( which ( means ( they ( eats wastes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( ( ( ( organic materials ) ( of ( other organisms ) ) ) . ) ( They ( help ( ( get rid ) ( of ( the t ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ... ) ( rash ( ( that animals ) ( leave behind ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Slugs)) (, ,) (VP (VP (VP (VB believe) (NP (PRP it))) (CC or) (RB not) (VP (VB have) (S (S (FRAG (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ important)) (NN purpose)) (. .)) (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NNS decomposers)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ means) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBZ eats) (NP (NNS wastes))))))))))) (CC and) (S (FRAG (NP (NP (JJ organic) (NNS materials)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ other) (NNS organisms)))) (. .)) (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP help) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN t))))))))) (: ...) (NP (NP (NN rash)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that) (NNS animals)) (S (VP (VBP leave) (PRT (RP behind))))))) (. .)))

Slugs, believe it or not have a very important purpose. They are decomposers, which means they eats wastes and organic materials of other organisms. They help get rid of the t…rash that animals leave behind.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Single-celled) (NNS organisms) (CC and) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN way) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN waste) (NNS materials))))))))) (. .)))

Single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have this in common: both have a way to get rid of waste materials.

neutral

( I ( 4.4.3 ( ( d ( ( ( Different forms ) ( of energy ) ) ( include ( heat ( , ( light ( , ( electrical ( , ( mechanical ( , ( sound ( , ( nuclear ( , ( and chemical ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP I)) (ADVP (RB 4.4.3)) (VP (VBD d) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (JJ Different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))) (VP (VBP include) (UCP (NP (NN heat)) (, ,) (ADJP (JJ light)) (, ,) (ADJP (JJ electrical)) (, ,) (ADJP (JJ mechanical)) (, ,) (ADJP (JJ sound)) (, ,) (ADJP (JJ nuclear)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN chemical))))))) (. .)))

I 4.4.3d Different forms of energy include heat, light, electrical, mechanical, sound, nuclear, and chemical.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Heat)) (, ,) (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN sound))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT all) (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (. .)))

Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy.

entailment

( ( ( ( ( Your eyes ) ( of ( ( blue and ) hair ) ) ) ( that ( 's straight ) ) ) , ) ( ( ( ( Comes ( through heredity ) ) , ) ( inheriting ( a ( human trait ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NP (PRP$ Your) (NNS eyes)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN blue) (CC and) (NN hair)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ 's) (ADJP (RB straight))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ Comes) (PP (IN through) (NP (NN heredity))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG inheriting) (NP (DT a) (JJ human) (NN trait))))) (. .)))

Your eyes of blue and hair that's straight, Comes through heredity, inheriting a human trait.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ human) (NN offspring)) (VP (VBP inherit) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes))) (. .)))

A human offspring inherit blue eyes.

entailment

( Energy ( , ( ( ( heat and/or ) sound ) ( ( are ( forms ( of matter ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Energy)) (, ,) (S (VP (VP (VB heat)) (CC and/or) (VP (VB sound)))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN matter))))) (. .)))

Energy, heat and/or sound are forms of matter.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Heat)) (, ,) (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN sound))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT all) (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (. .)))

Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy.

neutral

( ( What good ) ( ( are ( cactus spines ) ) ? ) )

(ROOT (SBARQ (WHNP (WDT What) (NN good)) (SQ (VBP are) (NP (NN cactus) (NNS spines))) (. ?)))

What good are cactus spines?

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

The spines of a cactus help it survive because spines protect the cactus from animals.

neutral

( ( ( The energy ) ( in ( the coal ) ) ) ( ( ( ( came ( from ( the sun ) ) ) and ) ( was ( stored ( in ( the plants ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN energy)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN coal)))) (VP (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (CC and) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN stored) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNS plants)))))) (. .)))

The energy in the coal came from the sun and was stored in the plants.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNP Coal)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ nonrenewable)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ renewable) (SBAR (S (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NP (NN coal)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (VP (VBP compare) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNS sources)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))))))))))))) (. .)))

Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable is how coal and the sun compare as sources of energy.

neutral

( ( Of course ) ( , ( ( the Sun ) ( ( is ( ( the ( closest star ) ) ( to Earth ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN Of) (NP (NN course))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS closest) (NN star)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NNP Earth))))) (. .)))

Of course, the Sun is the closest star to Earth.

(ROOT (S (PP (IN From) (NP (NN earth))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ appears) (NP (NN brighter)) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT any) (JJ other) (NN star))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (JJS closest) (NN star))))))))

From earth, the sun appears brighter than any other star because the sun is the closest star

entailment

( ( Pumpkin ( Fruit ( RollUps Chop ) ) ) ( ( ( pumpkin and ) ( ( cook ( in saucepan ) ) ( until soft ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Pumpkin) (NNP Fruit) (NNPS RollUps) (NNP Chop)) (VP (VP (VBZ pumpkin)) (CC and) (VP (VB cook) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN saucepan))) (PP (IN until) (ADJP (JJ soft))))) (. .)))

Pumpkin Fruit RollUps Chop pumpkin and cook in saucepan until soft.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN pumpkin)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NN fruit))) (. .)))

A pumpkin is a fruit.

neutral

( ( ( Wait ( for ( ( a series ) ( of ( blue blocks ) ) ) ) ) ( to ( ( ( appear and ) fill ) ( the slot ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VB Wait) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN series)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS blocks))))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB appear) (CC and) (VB fill) (NP (DT the) (NN slot)))))) (. .)))

Wait for a series of blue blocks to appear and fill the slot.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ blue) (NN block)) (VP (VBZ appears) (ADJP (JJ blue) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN sunlight)))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (RB only) (JJ blue) (NN light)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))))))) (. .)))

A blue block appears blue in the sunlight if only blue light is reflected by the block.

neutral

( ( Be ( able ( to ( ( give ( examples ( of ( the marketing ) ) ) ) ( applications ( of ( ( these types ) ( of learning ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VB Be) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB give) (NP (NP (NNS examples)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN marketing)))) (NP (NP (NNS applications)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT these) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG learning)))))))))))) (. .)))

Be able to give examples of the marketing applications of these types of learning.

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Being) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB read))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ learned) (NN trait))))) (. .)))

Being able to read is an example of a learned trait.

neutral

( ( as ( , ( to ( ( inject ( cold water ) ) ( into ( a condenser ) ) ) ) ) ) ; )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (IN as)) (VP (, ,) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB inject) (NP (JJ cold) (NN water)) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT a) (NN condenser)))))))) (: ;)))

as, to inject cold water into a condenser;

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Dew)) (VP (VBG forming) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNS plants))) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (JJ cold) (NN night))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN water) (NN condensing))))) (. .)))

Dew forming on plants during a cold night is an example of water condensing.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( The cholla ) , ) ( with ( its ( long spines ) ) ) ) , ) ( ( provides ( ( a ( ( well protected ) home ) ) ( for ( ( ( the ( cactus wren ) ) and ) ( its young ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN cholla)) (, ,) (PP (IN with) (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ long) (NNS spines))) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ provides) (NP (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB well) (VBN protected)) (NN home)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN cactus) (NN wren)) (CC and) (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ young)))))) (. .)))

The cholla, with its long spines, provides a well protected home for the cactus wren and its young.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

The spines of a cactus help it survive because spines protect the cactus from animals.

neutral

( ( turbulent ( flow ( -RRB- ( air flow ) ) ) ) ( ( rate ( ( ( The mass/volume ) ( of air ) ) ( ( moved ( per ( unit ( of time ) ) ) ) ( through ( ( ( a ( space opening ) ) or ) duct ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (JJ turbulent) (NN flow) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN air) (NN flow)) (VP (VBP rate) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN mass/volume)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN air)))) (VP (VBD moved) (PP (IN per) (NP (NP (NN unit)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN time))))) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN space) (NN opening)) (CC or) (NP (NN duct)))))))) (. .)))

turbulent flow) air flow rate The mass/volume of air moved per unit of time through a space opening or duct.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS best) (NN explanation)) (PP (IN for) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (VP (VBP move) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (VBG prevailing) (NNS westerlies)) (VP (VP (VBP move) (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN west))) (PP (TO to) (ADJP (JJ east))) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))) (CC but) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN deflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN jet) (NN stream)))))))))) (. .)))

The best explanation for how air masses move across the united states is that the prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east across the united states but may be deflected by the jet stream.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( ( As ( ( a House ) ( of Animals ) ) ) ( There ( are ( ( many trees ) ( living ( in woods ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( ( ( ( ( ( their flowers ) , ) nuts ) and ) fruits ) ( support ( ( the life ) ( of ( ( small animals ) ( such ( as ( a squirrel ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (PP (IN As) (NP (NP (DT a) (NNP House)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS Animals))))) (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ many) (NNS trees)) (VP (VBG living) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS woods))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS flowers)) (, ,) (NP (NNS nuts)) (CC and) (NP (NNS fruits))) (VP (VBP support) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN life)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ small) (NNS animals)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (DT a) (NN squirrel)))))))) (. .)))

As a House of Animals There are many trees living in woods, and their flowers, nuts and fruits support the life of small animals such as a squirrel.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN squirrel)) (VP (VBG storing) (NP (NNS nuts)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG preparing) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ seasonal) (NN change)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN environment))))))) (. .)))

A squirrel storing nuts is preparing for a seasonal change in the environment.

neutral

( We ( ( ( ( ( ( may , ) ( for example ) ) , ) ( ( respond ( to ( a ( loud noise ) ) ) ) ( by ( saying ( `` ( That ( sounded ( like ( a gunshot ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) '' ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP We)) (VP (MD may) (, ,) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (VP (VB respond) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT a) (JJ loud) (NN noise))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG saying) (S (`` ``) (NP (DT That)) (VP (VBD sounded) (PP (IN like) (NP (DT a) (NN gunshot)))))))))) (. .) ('' '')))

We may, for example, respond to a loud noise by saying "That sounded like a gunshot."

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sound)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ loud) (NN classroom)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))))) (. .)))

The sound in a loud classroom is an example of a form of energy.

neutral

( Now ( ( ( the ( carbon atom ) ) ( we ( are following ) ) ) ( ( is ( ( ( ( sent out ) ( inlo ( the air ) ) ) ( as ( ( a part ) ( of ( a ( carbon ( dioxide molecule ) ) ) ) ) ) ) again ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Now)) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN carbon) (NN atom)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBG following)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN sent) (PRT (RP out)) (NP (JJ inlo) (DT the) (NN air)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN carbon) (NN dioxide) (NN molecule))))) (ADVP (RB again)))) (. .)))

Now the carbon atom we are following is sent out inlo the air as a part of a carbon dioxide molecule again.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS atoms))))) (. .)))

Air is made of atoms.

neutral

( ( In ( some programs ) ) ( , ( ( genetic counselors ) ( ( use ( ( DNA ( fingerprint information ) ) ( to ( help ( ( prospective parents ) ( understand ( ( the risk ) ( of ( having ( an ( affected child ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT some) (NNS programs))) (, ,) (NP (JJ genetic) (NNS counselors)) (VP (VBP use) (S (NP (NNP DNA) (NN fingerprint) (NN information)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB help) (S (NP (JJ prospective) (NNS parents)) (VP (VB understand) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN risk)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG having) (NP (DT an) (JJ affected) (NN child)))))))))))) (. .)))

In some programs, genetic counselors use DNA fingerprint information to help prospective parents understand the risk of having an affected child.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Children)) (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS parents)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ similar) (NN dna)))))) (. .)))

Children resemble their parents because they have similar dna.

neutral

( Genes ( ( determine ( ( ( all ( inherited traits ) ) ( including ( ( ( ( those ( that ( ( give ( the individual ) ) ( specific characteristics ) ) ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( blue eyes ) ( rather ( than ( brown eyes ) ) ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ( as ( well as ) ) ) ( common characteristics ) ) ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( ( ( ( two eyes ) , ) ( two arms ) ) , ) etc. ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Genes)) (VP (VBP determine) (NP (NP (NP (DT all) (VBN inherited) (NNS traits)) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (NP (DT those)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP give) (NP (DT the) (NN individual)) (NP (JJ specific) (NNS characteristics))))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes)) (PP (RB rather) (IN than) (NP (JJ brown) (NNS eyes)))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (CONJP (RB as) (RB well) (IN as)) (NP (JJ common) (NNS characteristics))))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD two) (NNS eyes)) (, ,) (NP (CD two) (NNS arms)) (, ,) (NP (NNP etc.)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))) (. .)))

Genes determine all inherited traits including those that give the individual specific characteristics (blue eyes rather than brown eyes) as well as common characteristics (two eyes, two arms, etc.).

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ human) (NN offspring)) (VP (VBP inherit) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes))) (. .)))

A human offspring inherit blue eyes.

entailment

( ( An organism ) ( ( eats ( ( other ( living things ) ) ( to survive ) ) ) ; ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT An) (NN organism)) (VP (VBZ eats) (S (NP (JJ other) (NN living) (NNS things)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive))))) (: ;)))

An organism eats other living things to survive;

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN moose)) (VP (VBZ eats) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN plant)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG living) (NN thing)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ depends) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT another) (VBG living) (NN thing) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive)))))))))))))))) (. .)))

A moose eats a plant is an example of a living thing that depends on another living thing to survive.

entailment

( ( In ( this ( food chain ) ) ) ( , ( energy ( ( ( flows ( from ( ( ( the grass ) ( -LRB- ( producer -RRB- ) ) ) ( to ( ( the deer ) ( -LRB- ( ( primary consumer ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( to ( ( the tiger ) ( -LRB- ( ( secondary consumer ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT this) (NN food) (NN chain))) (, ,) (NP (NN energy)) (VP (VBZ flows) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN grass)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN producer)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS deer)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ primary) (NN consumer)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN tiger)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ secondary) (NN consumer)) (-RRB- -RRB-))))) (. .)))

In this food chain, energy flows from the grass (producer) to the deer (primary consumer) to the tiger (secondary consumer).

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN consumer) (CC and) (NN producer)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (NN food) (NN chain)))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN involved) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (DT a) (NNS deer)) (VP (VBZ eats) (NP (DT a) (NN leaf))))))) (. .)))

A consumer and producer in a food chain are involved when a deer eats a leaf.

entailment

( It ( consists ( of ( ( ( three ( main components ) ) : ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( a bicycle ) ( for ( creating ( mechanical energy ) ) ) ) , ) ( ( a generator ) ( for ( ( converting ( the ( mechanical energy ) ) ) ( into electricity ) ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( ( a ( display panel ) ) ( that ( has ( ( ( the ( necessary wiring ) ) and ) ( ( a range ) ( of gadgets ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ consists) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (CD three) (JJ main) (NNS components)) (: :) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN bicycle)) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG creating) (NP (JJ mechanical) (NN energy)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN generator)) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG converting) (NP (DT the) (JJ mechanical) (NN energy)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NN electricity))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN display) (NN panel)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ necessary) (NN wiring)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN range)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS gadgets)))))))))))))))

It consists of three main components: a bicycle for creating mechanical energy, a generator for converting the mechanical energy into electricity, and a display panel that has the necessary wiring and a range of gadgets

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN person)) (VP (VBZ uses) (NP (JJ mechanical) (NN energy) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB pedal) (NP (DT a) (NN bicycle))))))) (. .)))

A person uses mechanical energy to pedal a bicycle.

entailment

( ( ( Seeking shelter ) ( from ( the ( pouring rain ) ) ) ) ( , ( you ( ( duck ( into ( a ( nearby ( music store ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Seeking) (NP (NN shelter)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (JJ pouring) (NN rain))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VBZ duck) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT a) (JJ nearby) (NN music) (NN store)))) (. .)))

Seeking shelter from the pouring rain, you duck into a nearby music store.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ rains)))) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (NNS animals)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB move) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB seek) (NP (NN shelter))))))) (. .)))

When it rains, some animals will move to seek shelter.

neutral

( ( This tactic ) ( ( is ( similar ( to ( ( the ( parental idea ) ) ( of ( ignoring ( ( a child ) ( having ( a tantrum ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT This) (NN tactic)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ similar) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ parental) (NN idea)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG ignoring) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN child)) (VP (VBG having) (NP (DT a) (NN tantrum))))))))))) (. .)))

This tactic is similar to the parental idea of ignoring a child having a tantrum.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Children)) (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS parents)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ similar) (NN dna)))))) (. .)))

Children resemble their parents because they have similar dna.

neutral

( It ( ( ( rotates ( on ( its axis ) ) ) ( once ( every ( 60 ( Earth days ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ rotates) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis))) (PP (RB once) (NP (DT every) (CD 60) (NNP Earth) (NNS days)))) (. .)))

It rotates on its axis once every 60 Earth days.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ rotates) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)) (ADVP (RB once))) (CC times) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD one) (NN day))))) (. .)))

Earth rotates on its axis once times in one day.

neutral

( ( Our lenses ) ( ( will ( enhance ( what ( you ( want ( to ( ( ( see and ) block ) ( out ( sunlight ( , ( blue-light ( , ( glare ( and ( distracting ( ( objects and ) terrain ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP$ Our) (NNS lenses)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB enhance) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VBP want) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB see) (CC and) (VB block) (PP (IN out) (NP (NN sunlight) (, ,) (NN blue-light) (, ,) (NN glare) (CC and) (JJ distracting) (NNS objects) (CC and) (NN terrain))))))))))) (. .)))

Our lenses will enhance what you want to see and block out sunlight, blue-light, glare and distracting objects and terrain.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ blue) (NN block)) (VP (VBZ appears) (ADJP (JJ blue) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN sunlight)))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (RB only) (JJ blue) (NN light)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))))))) (. .)))

A blue block appears blue in the sunlight if only blue light is reflected by the block.

neutral

( ( This respect ) ( ( must ( have ( ( been ( similar ( to ( ( the feelings ) ( of ( a child ) ) ) ) ) ) ( for ( its parents ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT This) (NN respect)) (VP (MD must) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN been) (ADJP (JJ similar) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS feelings)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN child)))))) (PP (IN for) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS parents)))))) (. .)))

This respect must have been similar to the feelings of a child for its parents.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Children)) (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS parents)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ similar) (NN dna)))))) (. .)))

Children resemble their parents because they have similar dna.

neutral

( ( For ( required action ) ) ( realization ( ( use ( one ( of ( ( the types ) ( of ( mechanical energy ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (JJ required) (NN action))) (NP (NN realization)) (VP (VBP use) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ mechanical) (NN energy))))))) (. .)))

For required action realization use one of the types of mechanical energy.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN person)) (VP (VBZ uses) (NP (JJ mechanical) (NN energy) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB pedal) (NP (DT a) (NN bicycle))))))) (. .)))

A person uses mechanical energy to pedal a bicycle.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( ( The sun ) , ) moon ) and ) ( twelve stars ) ) ( ( represent ( ( the ( heavenly bodies ) ) ( of ( our ( solar system ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sun)) (, ,) (NP (NN moon)) (CC and) (NP (CD twelve) (NNS stars))) (VP (VBP represent) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ heavenly) (NNS bodies)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ solar) (NN system))))) (. .)))

The sun, moon and twelve stars represent the heavenly bodies of our solar system.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS largest) (NN body)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ solar) (NN system)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (. .)))

The largest body in our solar system is the sun.

neutral

( ( Both units ) ( ( protect ( against ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( lighting , ) ( high winds ) ) , ) burglary ) , ) fire ) , ) tornadoes ) and ) hurricanes ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT Both) (NNS units)) (VP (VBP protect) (PP (IN against) (NP (NP (NN lighting)) (, ,) (NP (JJ high) (NNS winds)) (, ,) (NP (NN burglary)) (, ,) (NP (NN fire)) (, ,) (NP (NNS tornadoes)) (CC and) (NP (NNS hurricanes))))) (. .)))

Both units protect against lighting, high winds, burglary, fire, tornadoes and hurricanes.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT Both) (NNS hurricanes) (CC and) (NNS tornadoes)) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ high) (NNS winds))) (. .)))

Both hurricanes and tornadoes always have high winds.

neutral

( > ( ( > ( It ( 's ( turned ( into ( ( plasma , ) ( ( a ( burning gas ) ) ( as ( hot ( as ( ( the surface ) ( of ( the sun ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP >)) (VP (VBD >) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ 's) (VP (VBN turned) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (NN plasma)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG burning) (NN gas)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (JJ hot)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))))))))))))))) (. .)))

> >It's turned into plasma, a burning gas as hot as the surface of the sun.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( ( ( Looking Good ) : ) ( ( ( Is exercise ) ( a ( dangerous habit ) ) ) ? ) )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NNP Looking) (NNP Good)) (: :) (SQ (VBZ Is) (NP (NN exercise)) (NP (DT a) (JJ dangerous) (NN habit)) (. ?))))

Looking Good: Is exercise a dangerous habit?

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Exercising) (NP (DT every) (NN day)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (NN health) (NN habit))))) (. .)))

Exercising every day is an example of a good health habit.

neutral

( You ( ( will ( be ( able ( to ( distinguish ( between ( ( single-trait ( , ( multi-trait ( and ( social ( learning theories ) ) ) ) ) ) ( of personality ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP You)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB distinguish) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (NN single-trait) (, ,) (NN multi-trait) (CC and) (JJ social) (NN learning) (NNS theories)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN personality))))))))))) (. .)))

You will be able to distinguish between single-trait, multi-trait and social learning theories of personality.

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Being) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB read))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ learned) (NN trait))))) (. .)))

Being able to read is an example of a learned trait.

neutral

( a ( natural ( mineral ( rock ( salt . ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (NP (DT a) (JJ natural) (NN mineral) (NN rock) (NN salt) (. .)))

a natural mineral rock salt.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ natural) (NN substance)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ makes) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (NNS rocks))))))))) (. .)))

A mineral is described as a natural substance that makes up rocks.

neutral

( ( On ( sweltering ( summer days ) ) ) ( , ( ( city ( power supplies ) ) ( ( ( are often ) ( ( ( taxed ( by ( increased ( air ( conditioning use ) ) ) ) ) , ) ( as ( citizens ( struggle ( to ( beat ( the heat ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN On) (S (VP (VBG sweltering) (NP (NN summer) (NNS days))))) (, ,) (NP (NN city) (NN power) (NNS supplies)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBN taxed) (PP (IN by) (NP (VBN increased) (NN air) (NN conditioning) (NN use))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (NNS citizens)) (VP (VB struggle) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB beat) (NP (DT the) (NN heat)))))))))) (. .)))

On sweltering summer days, city power supplies are often taxed by increased air conditioning use, as citizens struggle to beat the heat.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN length)))) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN metal) (NN railroad) (NNS tracks))) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN day)))))) (. .)))

A(n) increase in length happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day.

neutral

( ( ( EVAPORATION : ) ( ( the process ) ( of ( ( liquid water ) ( becoming ( ( ( water vapor ) , ) ( including ( vaporization ( ( ( ( ( from ( ( ( ( ( water surfaces ) , ) ( land surfaces ) ) and ) ( snow fields ) ) ) , ) but ) not ) ( from ( leaf surfaces ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NNP EVAPORATION)) (: :) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN process)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ liquid) (NN water)) (VP (VBG becoming) (NP (NP (NN water) (NN vapor)) (, ,) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (NN vaporization)) (PP (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NN water) (NNS surfaces)) (, ,) (NP (NN land) (NNS surfaces)) (CC and) (NP (NN snow) (NNS fields)))) (, ,) (CC but) (RB not) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN leaf) (NNS surfaces))))))))))) (. .)))

EVAPORATION: the process of liquid water becoming water vapor, including vaporization from water surfaces, land surfaces and snow fields, but not from leaf surfaces.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Evaporation)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ responsible) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG changing) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN water)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NN water) (NN vapor)))))))) (. .)))

Evaporation is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor.

entailment

( ( Build ( with ( blue blocks ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VBN Build) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS blocks)))) (. .)))

Build with blue blocks.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ blue) (NN block)) (VP (VBZ appears) (ADJP (JJ blue) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN sunlight)))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (RB only) (JJ blue) (NN light)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))))))) (. .)))

A blue block appears blue in the sunlight if only blue light is reflected by the block.

neutral

( ( At ( ( ( one temperature ) and ) ( ( pressure , ) ( called ( the ( Triple Point ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( ( all ( three phases ) ) ( of ( ( ( ( ( ( water ( -LRB- ( liquid -RRB- ) ) ) , ) ( ( water vapor ) ( -LRB- ( gas -RRB- ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( ice ( -LRB- ( solid -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( coexist ( at equilibrium ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN At) (NP (NP (CD one) (NN temperature)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NN pressure)) (, ,) (VP (VBN called) (NP (DT the) (JJ Triple) (NNP Point)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT all) (CD three) (NNS phases)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (NN water)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (ADJP (JJ liquid)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN water) (NN vapor)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN gas)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NN ice)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (ADJP (JJ solid)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))) (VP (VBP coexist) (PP (IN at) (NP (NN equilibrium)))) (. .)))

At one temperature and pressure, called the Triple Point , all three phases of water (liquid), water vapor (gas), and ice (solid) coexist at equilibrium.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (CD One) (NN way)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB change) (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN liquid)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT a) (JJ solid)))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB decrease) (NP (DT the) (NN temperature)))))) (. .)))

One way to change water from a liquid to a solid is to decrease the temperature.

neutral

( ( Use ( this ( microscope ( to ( ( ( see : ) microorganisms ) ( in ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( pond water ) , ) ( human tissue ) ) , ) ( plant cells ) ) , ) ( insect parts ) ) and ) more ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VB Use) (NP (DT this) (NN microscope) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB see) (: :) (NP (NNS microorganisms)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJ pond) (NN water)) (, ,) (NP (JJ human) (NN tissue)) (, ,) (NP (NN plant) (NNS cells)) (, ,) (NP (JJ insect) (NNS parts)) (CC and) (NP (JJR more))))))))) (. .)))

Use this microscope to see: microorganisms in pond water, human tissue, plant cells, insect parts and more.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN microscope)) (VP (MD would) (ADVP (RBS best)) (VP (VB help) (S (NP (DT a) (NN person)) (VP (VB observe) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN plant) (NN cell)))))))) (. .)))

A microscope would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell.

entailment

( ( The parent ) ( ( said ( she ( was ( ( having ( a ( difficult time ) ) ) ( ( ( ( explaining ( the situation ) ) ( to ( her child ) ) ) and ) ( maintaining ( ( ( the ( child 's ) ) belief ) ( in Santa ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN parent)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP she)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBG having) (NP (DT a) (JJ difficult) (NN time)) (S (VP (VP (VBG explaining) (NP (DT the) (NN situation)) (PP (TO to) (NP (PRP$ her) (NN child)))) (CC and) (VP (VBG maintaining) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN child) (POS 's)) (NN belief)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Santa)))))))))))) (. .)))

The parent said she was having a difficult time explaining the situation to her child and maintaining the child's belief in Santa.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Children)) (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS parents)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ similar) (NN dna)))))) (. .)))

Children resemble their parents because they have similar dna.

neutral

( ( ( ( One example ) ( was ( ( given : ) flammability ) ) ) ( - ( ( ( the ability ) ( of ( a ( substance ( to ( burn ( in ( ( the presence ) ( of oxygen ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) ( ( ( Some substances ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( wood , ) alcohol ) -RRB- ) ) ) ( ( ( are ( very ( ( flammable , ) ( others ( ( are not ) . ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Iron ( -LRB- ( ( see above ) -RRB- ) ) ) ( reacts ( with oxygen ) ) ) , ) but ) ( ( so slowly ) ( we ( ( do not ) ( say ( the ( iron burns ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) but ) ( that ( it rusts ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (UCP (S (NP (CD One) (NN example)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN given) (: :) (ADVP (RB flammability))))) (: -) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN ability)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN substance) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB burn) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN presence)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN oxygen))))))))))) (. .)) (NP (NP (DT Some) (NNS substances)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NN wood)) (, ,) (NP (NN alcohol))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ flammable) (, ,) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS others)) (VP (VBP are) (RB not)) (. .)))) (SBAR (SBAR (S (S (NP (NP (NNP Iron)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (S (VP (VB see) (ADVP (RB above)))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBZ reacts) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN oxygen))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (ADVP (RB so) (RB slowly)) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB say) (NP (DT the) (NN iron) (NNS burns))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ rusts)))))) (. .)))

One example was given: flammability - the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen. Some substances (wood, alcohol) are very flammable, others are not. Iron (see above) reacts with oxygen, but so slowly we do not say the iron burns, but that it rusts.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Wood) (NNP burning)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ different) (NN substance)) (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN formed))))))) (. .)))

Wood burning is an example of a different substance being formed.

neutral

( ( When ( ( the weather ) ( begins ( to ( ( cool off ) ( in ( the fall ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( the birds ) ( ( ( fly south ) ( to ( find ( ( warm ( winter ( ( weather and ) plenty ) ) ) ( of food ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (DT the) (NN weather)) (VP (VBZ begins) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB cool) (PRT (RP off)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN fall))))))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNS birds)) (VP (VBP fly) (ADVP (RB south)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (NP (NP (JJ warm) (NN winter) (NN weather) (CC and) (NN plenty)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN food)))))))) (. .)))

When the weather begins to cool off in the fall, the birds fly south to find warm winter weather and plenty of food.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (JJ Many) (NNS species)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS birds)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ new) (NN england)))))) (VP (VBP fly) (ADVP (RB south) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NN winter) (NNS months)))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (NP (DT an) (NN environment)) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJR more) (NN food))))))) (. .)))

Many species of birds in new england fly south for the winter months to find an environment with more food.

entailment

( ( ECONOMY ( OF ( WOOD BURNING ) ) ) ( ( FACILITIES ( There ( are ( ( several ( successful examples ) ) ( of ( projects ( with ( wood burning ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP ECONOMY)) (PP (IN OF) (NP (NNP WOOD) (NNP BURNING)))) (VP (VBZ FACILITIES) (SBAR (S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ several) (JJ successful) (NNS examples)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS projects)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN wood) (NN burning)))))))))) (. .)))

ECONOMY OF WOOD BURNING FACILITIES There are several successful examples of projects with wood burning.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Wood) (NNP burning)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ different) (NN substance)) (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN formed))))))) (. .)))

Wood burning is an example of a different substance being formed.

neutral

( Evaporation ( ( is ( ( the process ) ( of ( ( ( changing water ) ( from liquid ) ) ( to gas ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Evaporation)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN process)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG changing) (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN liquid))) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN gas)))))))) (. .)))

Evaporation is the process of changing water from liquid to gas.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Evaporation)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ responsible) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBG changing) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN water)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NN water) (NN vapor)))))))) (. .)))

Evaporation is responsible for changing liquid water into water vapor.

entailment

( ( ( ( Pauling : ) ( ( ( 1.78 ( Allred Rochow ) ) : ) ( 1.49 ( Crystal ( Structure structure ) ) ) ) ) : ) ( ( tetragonal ( ( The ( following ( CrystalMaker image ) ) ) ( represents ( the ( solid ( state structure ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NN Pauling)) (: :) (NP (NP (NNP 1.78) (NNP Allred) (NNP Rochow)) (: :) (NP (CD 1.49) (NNP Crystal) (NNP Structure) (NN structure))) (: :)) (VP (VBP tetragonal) (SBAR (S (NP (DT The) (JJ following) (NNP CrystalMaker) (NN image)) (VP (VBZ represents) (NP (DT the) (JJ solid) (NN state) (NN structure)))))) (. .)))

Pauling: 1.78 Allred Rochow: 1.49 Crystal Structure structure: tetragonal The following CrystalMaker image represents the solid state structure.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ solid) (JJ natural) (NN material)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT a) (NN crystal) (NN structure))))))) (. .)))

A mineral is described as a solid natural material with a crystal structure.

neutral

( ( ( ( The ( railroad trestle ) ) and ) ( the ( highway bridge ) ) ) ( ( ( ( attract ( ( a ( small number ) ) ( of ( fishermen ( throughout ( the year ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) ( with ( activity ( ( increasing ( to ( ( ( approximately 20 ) persons ) ( per day ) ) ) ) ( on ( weekends ( during summer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN railroad) (NN trestle)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN highway) (NN bridge))) (VP (VBP attract) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ small) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS fishermen)) (PP (IN throughout) (NP (DT the) (NN year)))))) (, ,) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NN activity)) (VP (VBG increasing) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (QP (RB approximately) (CD 20)) (NNS persons)) (PP (IN per) (NP (NN day))))) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NNS weekends)) (PP (IN during) (NP (NN summer))))))))) (. .)))

The railroad trestle and the highway bridge attract a small number of fishermen throughout the year, with activity increasing to approximately 20 persons per day on weekends during summer.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN length)))) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN metal) (NN railroad) (NNS tracks))) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN day)))))) (. .)))

A(n) increase in length happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day.

neutral

( ( ( The ( blue wavelength ) ) ( reflected ( from ( the ground ) ) ) ) ( ( is blocked ) ; ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ blue) (NN wavelength)) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN ground))))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN blocked))) (: ;)))

The blue wavelength reflected from the ground is blocked;

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ blue) (NN block)) (VP (VBZ appears) (ADJP (JJ blue) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN sunlight)))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (RB only) (JJ blue) (NN light)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))))))) (. .)))

A blue block appears blue in the sunlight if only blue light is reflected by the block.

neutral

( ( Without it ) ( , ( ( ( the ( surface temperature ) ) ( of Earth ) ) ( would ( ( ( be ( either ( ( ( extremely hot ) or ) ( extremely cold ) ) ) ) , ) ( depending ( on ( which ( side ( is ( facing the ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN Without) (NP (PRP it))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN surface) (NN temperature)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Earth)))) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (DT either) (ADJP (RB extremely) (JJ hot)) (CC or) (ADJP (RB extremely) (JJ cold))) (, ,) (PP (VBG depending) (PP (IN on) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (NP (NN side)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG facing) (NP (DT the))))))))))))

Without it, the surface temperature of Earth would be either extremely hot or extremely cold, depending on which side is facing the

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( ( X1014316970-00284-62165 ( </DOCNO> ( A ( Cactus ( A ( Cactus Cactus ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( CACTUS ( ( A cactus ) ( is ( any ( of ( ( the family ) ( of ( plants ( that ( ( ( ( are ( native ( to ( ( north and ) ( South America ) ) ) ) ) and ) usually ) ( have ( clusters ( of spines ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP X1014316970-00284-62165) (NNP </DOCNO>) (NNP A) (NNP Cactus) (NNP A) (NNP Cactus) (NNP Cactus)) (VP (VBZ CACTUS) (SBAR (S (NP (DT A) (NN cactus)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT any)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN family)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS plants)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ native) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (NN north)) (CC and) (NP (NNP South) (NNP America)))))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB usually)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (NNS clusters)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS spines))))))))))))))))) (. .)))

X1014316970-00284-62165</DOCNO> A Cactus A Cactus Cactus CACTUS A cactus is any of the family of plants that are native to north and South America and usually have clusters of spines.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

The spines of a cactus help it survive because spines protect the cactus from animals.

neutral

( ( ( ( Mechanical structures ) ( of ( ( ( musculoskeletal systems ) and ) ( impedance ( regulation ( Koji Ito ) ) ) ) ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( Toyohashi Univ. ) ( of Technology ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ( ( Dynamic ( simulation ( of ( ( bicycle ergometer ) ( pedalling ( using ( ( human ( muscle characteristics ) ) ( Mitsuhiko ( Hasegawa ( ( -LRB- ( ( ( Nagaoka Univ. ) ( of Technology ) ) -RRB- ) ) ( , ( et al. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NP (JJ Mechanical) (NNS structures)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ musculoskeletal) (NNS systems)) (CC and) (NP (NN impedance) (NN regulation) (NNP Koji) (NNP Ito))))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNP Toyohashi) (NNP Univ.)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Technology)))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBZ Dynamic) (NP (NP (NN simulation)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN bicycle) (NN ergometer)) (VP (VBG pedalling) (S (VP (VBG using) (S (NP (JJ human) (NN muscle) (NNS characteristics)) (NP (NNP Mitsuhiko) (NNP Hasegawa) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNP Nagaoka) (NNP Univ.)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Technology)))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (, ,) (NNP et) (NNP al.)))))))))) (. .)))

Mechanical structures of musculoskeletal systems and impedance regulation Koji Ito (Toyohashi Univ. of Technology) Dynamic simulation of bicycle ergometer pedalling using human muscle characteristics Mitsuhiko Hasegawa (Nagaoka Univ. of Technology), et al.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN person)) (VP (VBZ uses) (NP (JJ mechanical) (NN energy) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB pedal) (NP (DT a) (NN bicycle))))))) (. .)))

A person uses mechanical energy to pedal a bicycle.

neutral

( Saturn ( ( orbits ( ( ( the Sun ) once ) ( every ( 29.4 ( Earth years ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Saturn)) (VP (VBZ orbits) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun)) (ADVP (RB once)) (NP (DT every) (CD 29.4) (NNP Earth) (NNS years)))) (. .)))

Saturn orbits the Sun once every 29.4 Earth years.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ makes) (NP (DT a) (JJ complete) (NN revolution)) (NP (ADVP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (PP (IN about) (ADVP (RB once)))) (DT every) (NN year))) (. .)))

Earth makes a complete revolution around the sun about once every year.

neutral

( ( Heat ( and ( summer months ) ) ) ( ( ( ( activate and ) increase ) ( the biting ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Heat) (CC and) (NN summer) (NNS months)) (VP (VBP activate) (CC and) (VBP increase) (NP (DT the) (NN biting))) (. .)))

Heat and summer months activate and increase the biting.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN length)))) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN metal) (NN railroad) (NNS tracks))) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN day)))))) (. .)))

A(n) increase in length happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day.

neutral

( ( As ( ( the tadpole ) ( transforms ( into ( an ( adult frog ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( its gills ) ( ( are ( ( absorbed ( into ( ( ( the body ) and ) ( the lungs ) ) ) ) ( ( take over ) ( for ( ( the process ) ( of respiration ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN As) (S (NP (DT the) (NN tadpole)) (VP (VBZ transforms) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT an) (JJ adult) (NN frog)))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS gills)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN absorbed) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN body)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NNS lungs)))) (S (VP (VB take) (PRT (RP over)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN process)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN respiration))))))))) (. .)))

As the tadpole transforms into an adult frog, its gills are absorbed into the body and the lungs take over for the process of respiration.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN frog)) (VP (VBZ develops) (NP (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN a/an)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NNS lungs)) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ changes) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT a) (NN tadpole))) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT an) (JJ adult) (NN frog))))))) (. .)))

A frog develops (a/an) lungs as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog.

entailment

( ( freezing ( ( the change ) ( of ( a ( ( liquid ( into ( ( a solid ) ( as temperature ) ) ) ) decreases ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NN freezing)) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN change)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (JJ liquid) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ solid)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NN temperature)))))) (NNS decreases)))) (. .)))

freezing the change of a liquid into a solid as temperature decreases.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (CD One) (NN way)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB change) (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN liquid)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT a) (JJ solid)))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB decrease) (NP (DT the) (NN temperature)))))) (. .)))

One way to change water from a liquid to a solid is to decrease the temperature.

entailment

( ( 11B ( sun ( other star ) ) ) ( ( Is ( ( the Sun ) ( another star ) ) ) ? ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (CD 11B) (NN sun) (JJ other) (NN star)) (VP (NNP Is) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun)) (NP (DT another) (NN star)))) (. ?)))

11B sun other star Is the Sun another star?

(ROOT (S (PP (IN From) (NP (NN earth))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ appears) (NP (NN brighter)) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT any) (JJ other) (NN star))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (JJS closest) (NN star))))))))

From earth, the sun appears brighter than any other star because the sun is the closest star

neutral

( ( Around ( ( ( the ( liquid storage ) ) and ) ( liquid ( recovery systems ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( rain ( water runoff ) ) ( ( would ( be ( ( controlled ( by collection ) ) ( into ( a ( sump system ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN Around) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ liquid) (NN storage)) (CC and) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN recovery) (NNS systems)))) (, ,) (NP (NN rain) (NN water) (NN runoff)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN controlled) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN collection))) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT a) (NN sump) (NN system)))))) (. .)))

Around the liquid storage and liquid recovery systems, rain water runoff would be controlled by collection into a sump system.

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Rain)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ liquid) (NN water))))) (. .)))

Rain is an example of liquid water.

neutral

( ( animalAny ( ( living thing ) ( that ( ( is not ) ( a plant ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VB animalAny) (NP (NP (VBG living) (NN thing)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (NP (DT a) (NN plant))))))) (. .)))

animalAny living thing that is not a plant.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN moose)) (VP (VBZ eats) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN plant)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG living) (NN thing)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ depends) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT another) (VBG living) (NN thing) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive)))))))))))))))) (. .)))

A moose eats a plant is an example of a living thing that depends on another living thing to survive.

neutral

( ( ( A ( Special Message ) ) ( on ( Safety Safety ) ) ) ( ( should ( be ( ( first ( ( in ( ( the minds ) ( of ( administrators ( , ( teachers ( , ( and students ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) actively ) ) ( involved ( in ( a ( science program ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ Special) (NN Message)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Safety) (NNP Safety)))) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB be) (VP (ADVP (JJ first) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS minds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS administrators) (, ,) (NNS teachers) (, ,) (CC and) (NNS students)))) (ADVP (RB actively)))) (VBN involved) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (NN science) (NN program)))))) (. .)))

A Special Message on Safety Safety should be first in the minds of administrators, teachers, and students actively involved in a science program.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (DT an) (NN accident)) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN science) (NN experiment)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN thing)) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN student)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB do)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NN report)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN teacher))))) (. .)))

If an accident happens during a science experiment, the first thing a student should do is report to the teacher.

neutral

( ( ( ( the elements ) , ) ( plants ( and ( living things ) ) ) ) ; )

(ROOT (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS elements)) (, ,) (NP (NNS plants) (CC and) (NN living) (NNS things)) (: ;)))

the elements, plants and living things;

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN moose)) (VP (VBZ eats) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN plant)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG living) (NN thing)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ depends) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT another) (VBG living) (NN thing) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive)))))))))))))))) (. .)))

A moose eats a plant is an example of a living thing that depends on another living thing to survive.

neutral

( ( Single organisms ) ( ( have ( certain characteristics ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Single) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ certain) (NNS characteristics))) (. .)))

Single organisms have certain characteristics.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Single-celled) (NNS organisms) (CC and) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN way) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN waste) (NNS materials))))))))) (. .)))

Single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have this in common: both have a way to get rid of waste materials.

neutral

( ( ( Railroad workers ) ( in ( the ( Paris region ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( went ( on strike ) ) ( for ( ( ( a day ) or ) two ) ) ) ( to ( claim ( ( ( increased levels ) ( of staffing ) ) ( to ( ( deal ( with ( ( the ( anticipated influx ) ) ( of ( travelers ( for ( the ( World Cup ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( this summer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NN Railroad) (NNS workers)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Paris) (NN region)))) (VP (VBD went) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN strike))) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN day)) (CC or) (NP (CD two)))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB claim) (NP (NP (VBN increased) (NNS levels)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN staffing))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB deal) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ anticipated) (NN influx)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS travelers)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NNP World) (NNP Cup))))))) (NP (DT this) (NN summer)))))))))) (. .)))

Railroad workers in the Paris region went on strike for a day or two to claim increased levels of staffing to deal with the anticipated influx of travelers for the World Cup this summer.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN length)))) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN metal) (NN railroad) (NNS tracks))) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN day)))))) (. .)))

A(n) increase in length happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day.

neutral

( Students ( ( learn ( how ( ( electric current ) ( flows ( through ( ( ( series circuits ) and ) ( parallel circuits ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Students)) (VP (VBP learn) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (JJ electric) (NN current)) (VP (VBZ flows) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (NN series) (NNS circuits)) (CC and) (NP (JJ parallel) (NNS circuits)))))))) (. .)))

Students learn how electric current flows through series circuits and parallel circuits.

(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ parallel) (NN circuit)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (RBS best) (VBN described) (PP (IN as))))) (: :) (NP (NP (NN electricity) (NNS flows)) (PP (IN along) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD one)) (NN pathway))))))

A parallel circuit is best described as: electricity flows along more than one pathway

neutral

( What ( ( if ( it ( is ( ( ( as ( large ( as Jupiter ) ) ) and ) ( so ( close ( to ( ( the sun ) ( it ( would ( be ( part ( of ( the ( solar system ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ? ) )

(ROOT (FRAG (WHNP (WDT What)) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (ADJP (RB as) (JJ large) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNP Jupiter)))) (CC and) (ADJP (RB so) (JJ close) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ solar) (NN system))))))))))))))) (. ?)))

What if it is as large as Jupiter and so close to the sun it would be part of the solar system?

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS largest) (NN body)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ solar) (NN system)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (. .)))

The largest body in our solar system is the sun.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( Mass wasting ) ( is ( ( the name ) ( given ( to ( erosion ( due ( to gravity ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) -- ) ( this ( ( is , ) ( when ( ( ( ( ( ( rocks , ) soil ) , ) or ) dirt ) ( ( moves downhill ) ( under ( ( the influence ) ( of gravity ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNP Mass) (NNP wasting)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN name)) (PP (VBN given) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (NN erosion)) (ADJP (JJ due) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN gravity)))))))))) (: --) (S (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBZ is) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NP (NNS rocks)) (, ,) (NP (NN soil)) (, ,) (CC or) (NP (NN dirt))) (VP (VBZ moves) (ADVP (RB downhill)) (PP (IN under) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN influence)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN gravity)))))))))) (. .)))

Mass wasting is the name given to erosion due to gravity--this is, when rocks, soil, or dirt moves downhill under the influence of gravity.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Gravity)) (VP (VBZ causes) (S (NP (NNS rocks)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB roll) (ADVP (RB downhill)))))) (. .)))

Gravity causes rocks to roll downhill.

entailment

( They ( ( ( ( 're just ) ( ( ( ( sucking atoms ) out ) ( of ( the air ) ) ) ( to ( ( make you ) dinner ) ) ) ) . ) '' ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP 're) (ADVP (RB just)) (VP (VBG sucking) (NP (NNS atoms)) (PRT (RP out)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN air))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (PRP you)) (PP (NN dinner))))))) (. .) ('' '')))

They're just sucking atoms out of the air to make you dinner."

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS atoms))))) (. .)))

Air is made of atoms.

neutral

( ( among ( other things ) ) ( , ( plants ( ( ( ( ( give off ) oxygen ) and ) ( take ( in ( ( carbon ( dioxide gas ) ) ( necessary ( for ( ( growth and ) development ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN among) (NP (JJ other) (NNS things))) (, ,) (NP (NNS plants)) (VP (VP (VB give) (PRT (RP off)) (NP (NN oxygen))) (CC and) (VP (VB take) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN carbon) (NN dioxide) (NN gas)) (ADJP (JJ necessary) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN growth) (CC and) (NN development)))))))) (. .)))

among other things, plants give off oxygen and take in carbon dioxide gas necessary for growth and development.

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Oxygen) (NN gas)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN given) (PRT (RP off)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNS plants))))) (. .)))

Oxygen gas is given off by plants.

entailment

( But ( there ( ( is ( more ( to ( cactuses ( than spines ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (CC But) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (ADJP (JJR more)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (NNS cactuses)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NNS spines))))))) (. .)))

But there is more to cactuses than spines.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

The spines of a cactus help it survive because spines protect the cactus from animals.

neutral

( ( ( ( Asymmetric ( cell divisions ) ) - ) ( ( ( ( a ( single cell ) ) ( -LRB- ( zygote -RRB- ) ) ) ( ( produces ( a ( multicellular organism ) ) ) ( with ( many ( different ( specialized ( cell types ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( this ( requires ( ( cell divisions ) ( ( in ( which daughter ) ) ( cells ( have ( different fates ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (JJ Asymmetric) (NN cell) (NNS divisions)) (: -) (S (S (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ single) (NN cell)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN zygote)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBZ produces) (NP (DT a) (NN multicellular) (NN organism)) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ many) (JJ different) (VBN specialized) (NN cell) (NNS types))))) (, ,) (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBZ requires) (NP (NP (NN cell) (NNS divisions)) (SBAR (WHPP (IN in) (WHNP (WDT which) (NN daughter))) (S (NP (NNS cells)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ different) (NNS fates)))))))) (. .)))

Asymmetric cell divisions - a single cell (zygote) produces a multicellular organism with many different specialized cell types, this requires cell divisions in which daughter cells have different fates.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Single-celled) (NNS organisms) (CC and) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN way) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN waste) (NNS materials))))))))) (. .)))

Single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have this in common: both have a way to get rid of waste materials.

neutral

( ( ( Will there ) ( be ( hot surfaces ) ) ) ? )

(ROOT (SQ (MD Will) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VB be) (NP (JJ hot) (NNS surfaces))) (. ?)))

Will there be hot surfaces?

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( ( and ( very ( little precipitation ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VB and) (ADJP (RB very) (RB little) (JJ precipitation))) (. .)))

and very little precipitation.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS best) (NN explanation)) (PP (IN for) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (VP (VBP move) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (VBG prevailing) (NNS westerlies)) (VP (VP (VBP move) (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN west))) (PP (TO to) (ADJP (JJ east))) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))) (CC but) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN deflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN jet) (NN stream)))))))))) (. .)))

The best explanation for how air masses move across the united states is that the prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east across the united states but may be deflected by the jet stream.

neutral