Datasets:

allenai

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scitail

like 5

( ( of ( a ( cement block ) ) ) ( Blue sea ) )

(ROOT (FRAG (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cement) (NN block))) (NP (JJ Blue) (NN sea))))

of a cement block Blue sea

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ blue) (NN block)) (VP (VBZ appears) (ADJP (JJ blue) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN sunlight)))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (RB only) (JJ blue) (NN light)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))))))) (. .)))

A blue block appears blue in the sunlight if only blue light is reflected by the block.

neutral

( ( Upon ( the terrace ) ) ( ( the sun ) ( ( is ( almost hot ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN Upon) (NP (DT the) (NN terrace))) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB almost) (JJ hot))) (. .)))

Upon the terrace the sun is almost hot.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( It ( ( takes ( a ( while ( to ( grow ( into ( this ( ( ( participating and ) observing ) ( at ( the ( same time ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ takes) (NP (DT a) (NN while) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB grow) (PP (IN into) (S (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBG participating) (CC and) (VBG observing) (PP (IN at) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN time))))))))))) (. .)))

It takes a while to grow into this participating and observing at the same time.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT An) (NN acorn)) (VP (VBG growing) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT an) (JJ adult) (NN tree))))) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB take) (NP (DT the) (JJS longest) (NN time)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB observe)))))) (. .)))

An acorn growing into an adult tree will take the longest time to observe.

neutral

( BMPs ( ( are ( ( ( listed and ) described ) ( in ( the ( storm ( water ( management manual ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS BMPs)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN listed) (CC and) (VBN described) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN storm) (NN water) (NN management) (NN manual))))) (. .)))

BMPs are listed and described in the storm water management manual.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Hail)) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN storm)))) (VP (VBZ describes) (NP (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ solid) (NN state))))) (. .)))

Hail during a storm describes water in a solid state.

neutral

( ( Just ( as ( we ( ask ( ( the students ) ( to ( try ( new things ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( so too ) ( ( should ( ( teachers experiment ) ( with ( new endeavors ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (RB Just) (IN as) (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP ask) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS students)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB try) (NP (JJ new) (NNS things)))))))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB so) (RB too)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB teachers) (NP (NN experiment)) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJ new) (NNS endeavors))))) (. .)))

Just as we ask the students to try new things, so too should teachers experiment with new endeavors.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (DT an) (NN accident)) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN science) (NN experiment)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN thing)) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN student)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB do)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NN report)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN teacher))))) (. .)))

If an accident happens during a science experiment, the first thing a student should do is report to the teacher.

neutral

( ( A ( Light ( Blue ( Border Guard ) ) ) ) ( ( blocks it ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NNP Light) (NNP Blue) (NNP Border) (NNP Guard)) (VP (VBZ blocks) (NP (PRP it))) (. .)))

A Light Blue Border Guard blocks it.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ blue) (NN block)) (VP (VBZ appears) (ADJP (JJ blue) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN sunlight)))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (RB only) (JJ blue) (NN light)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))))))) (. .)))

A blue block appears blue in the sunlight if only blue light is reflected by the block.

neutral

( ( To ( ( the east ) ( of ( the cyclone ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( the ( moist ( air mass ) ) ) ( ( is ( moving ( to ( ( the north ) ( behind ( the ( warm front ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (TO To) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ east)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN cyclone))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ moist) (NN air) (NN mass)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG moving) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN north)) (PP (IN behind) (NP (DT the) (JJ warm) (NN front))))))) (. .)))

To the east of the cyclone, the moist air mass is moving to the north behind the warm front.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS best) (NN explanation)) (PP (IN for) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (VP (VBP move) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (VBG prevailing) (NNS westerlies)) (VP (VP (VBP move) (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN west))) (PP (TO to) (ADJP (JJ east))) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))) (CC but) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN deflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN jet) (NN stream)))))))))) (. .)))

The best explanation for how air masses move across the united states is that the prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east across the united states but may be deflected by the jet stream.

neutral

( ( ( -LRB- ( E1 -RRB- ) ) ( The student ) ) ( ( will ( compare ( ( the weight ) ( of ( ( two objects ) ( using ( a ( balance scale ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (-LRB- -LRB-) (NNP E1) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (DT The) (NN student))) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB compare) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN weight)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (CD two) (NNS objects)) (VP (VBG using) (NP (DT a) (NN balance) (NN scale)))))))) (. .)))

(E1) The student will compare the weight of two objects using a balance scale.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN student)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB use) (NP (DT a) (NN balance) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB compare) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS masses)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD two) (JJ small) (NNS rocks)))))))))) (. .)))

A student should use a balance to compare the masses of two small rocks.

entailment

( ( To ( the eye ) ) ( ( the earth ) ( ( appears ( fixed ( while ( ( ( ( the sun ) and ) stars ) ( revolve ( about it ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (TO To) (NP (DT the) (NN eye))) (NP (DT the) (NN earth)) (VP (VBZ appears) (VP (VBN fixed) (SBAR (IN while) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (CC and) (NP (NNS stars))) (VP (VB revolve) (PP (IN about) (NP (PRP it)))))))) (. .)))

To the eye the earth appears fixed while the sun and stars revolve about it.

(ROOT (S (PP (IN From) (NP (NN earth))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ appears) (NP (NN brighter)) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT any) (JJ other) (NN star))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (JJS closest) (NN star))))))))

From earth, the sun appears brighter than any other star because the sun is the closest star

neutral

( It ( should ( appear ( as ( a ( blue ( , ( block-letter N. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB appear) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (JJ blue) (, ,) (JJ block-letter) (NNP N.)))))))

It should appear as a blue, block-letter N.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ blue) (NN block)) (VP (VBZ appears) (ADJP (JJ blue) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN sunlight)))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (RB only) (JJ blue) (NN light)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN reflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN block)))))))) (. .)))

A blue block appears blue in the sunlight if only blue light is reflected by the block.

neutral

( ( ( ( Natural Substances ) : ) ( ( Good but ) Indifferent ) ) ? )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NNP Natural) (NNP Substances)) (: :) (NP (NNP Good) (CC but) (NNP Indifferent)) (. ?)))

Natural Substances: Good but Indifferent?

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ natural) (NN substance)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ makes) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (NNS rocks))))))))) (. .)))

A mineral is described as a natural substance that makes up rocks.

neutral

( ( ( ( Able ( to ( read code ) ) ) and ) ( learn ( complicated software ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VP (VB Able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB read) (NP (NN code)))))) (CC and) (VP (VB learn) (NP (JJ complicated) (NN software)))) (. .)))

Able to read code and learn complicated software.

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Being) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB read))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ learned) (NN trait))))) (. .)))

Being able to read is an example of a learned trait.

neutral

( ( For example ) ( , ( ( ( a characteristic ) ( such ( as ( eye color ) ) ) ) ( ( ( depends on ) ( whether ( you ( inherit ( genes ( for ( ( ( ( ( ( brown eyes ) , ) ( blue eyes ) ) , ) or ) ( green eyes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN characteristic)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NN eye) (NN color)))) (VP (VBZ depends) (PRT (RP on)) (SBAR (IN whether) (S (NP (PRP you)) (VP (VBP inherit) (NP (NP (NNS genes)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (JJ brown) (NNS eyes)) (, ,) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes)) (, ,) (CC or) (NP (JJ green) (NNS eyes))))))))) (. .)))

For example, a characteristic such as eye color depends on whether you inherit genes for brown eyes, blue eyes, or green eyes.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ human) (NN offspring)) (VP (VBP inherit) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes))) (. .)))

A human offspring inherit blue eyes.

entailment

( Organic ( Sedimentary ( Rocks ; ) ) )

(ROOT (NP (NNP Organic) (NNP Sedimentary) (NNP Rocks) (: ;)))

Organic Sedimentary Rocks;

(ROOT (S (NP (JJS Most) (NNS fossils)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN found) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ sedimentary) (NNS rocks))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS organisms)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN preserved) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ sedimentary) (NN rock)))))))))) (. .)))

Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks because organisms can be preserved in sedimentary rock.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( The work ) ( is hard ) ) and ) ( ( the ( summer heat ) ) ( increases ( the exhaustion ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (NP (DT The) (NN work)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ hard)))) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (NN summer) (NN heat)) (VP (VBZ increases) (NP (DT the) (NN exhaustion)))) (. .)))

The work is hard and the summer heat increases the exhaustion.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN length)))) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN metal) (NN railroad) (NNS tracks))) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN day)))))) (. .)))

A(n) increase in length happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day.

neutral

( ( The sun ) ( ( was hot ) - ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN sun)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ hot))) (: -)))

The sun was hot -

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( and ( ( the incantation ) ( ( ( is thus ) ( ( ( ( interpreted : ) `` ) ( ( ( ( Sun , ) sun ) , ) ( ( ( ( ( ( burn ( your wood ) ) , ) ( burn ( your ( internal substance ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( go down ) ) ) ) '' ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN incantation)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB thus)) (VP (VBD interpreted) (: :) (`` ``) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (NNP Sun)) (, ,) (NP (NN sun)) (, ,)) (VP (VP (VB burn) (NP (PRP$ your) (NN wood))) (, ,) (VP (VB burn) (NP (PRP$ your) (JJ internal) (NN substance))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VB go) (PRT (RP down)))))) ('' ''))) (. .)))

and the incantation is thus interpreted: "Sun, sun, burn your wood, burn your internal substance, and go down".

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Wood) (NNP burning)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ different) (NN substance)) (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN formed))))))) (. .)))

Wood burning is an example of a different substance being formed.

neutral

( `` ( ( ( For ( a child ) ) ( , ( ( loss ( of ( ( a ( ( parent and ) lack ) ) ( of ( ( a ( good relationship ) ) ( with ( a parent ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( may ( be ( very similar ) ) ) , ) and ) ( may ( ( exert ( similar effects ) ) ( on ( their ( developing physiology ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( '' ( ( says Leucken ) . ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (SINV (`` ``) (S (PP (IN For) (NP (DT a) (NN child))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NN loss)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN parent) (CC and) (NN lack)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (NN relationship)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT a) (NN parent)))))))) (VP (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ similar)))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB exert) (NP (JJ similar) (NNS effects)) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ their) (VBG developing) (NN physiology))))))) (, ,) ('' '') (VP (VBZ says)) (NP (NNP Leucken)) (. .)))

"For a child, loss of a parent and lack of a good relationship with a parent may be very similar, and may exert similar effects on their developing physiology," says Leucken.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Children)) (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS parents)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ similar) (NN dna)))))) (. .)))

Children resemble their parents because they have similar dna.

neutral

( ( ( List and ) ( describe ( types ( of ( ( ( renewable and ) nonrenewable ) ( energy sources ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VP (VB List)) (CC and) (VP (VB describe) (NP (NP (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (ADJP (JJ renewable) (CC and) (JJ nonrenewable)) (NN energy) (NNS sources)))))) (. .)))

List and describe types of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNP Coal)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ nonrenewable)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ renewable) (SBAR (S (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NP (NN coal)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (VP (VBP compare) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNS sources)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))))))))))))) (. .)))

Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable is how coal and the sun compare as sources of energy.

neutral

( Triton ( ( ( ( completes ( one rotation ) ) ( on ( ( its axis ) ( in ( ( the ( same amount ) ) ( of time ) ) ) ) ) ) ( that ( it ( takes ( to ( circle ( Neptune ( , ( 5.88 ( Earth days ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Triton)) (VP (VBZ completes) (NP (CD one) (NN rotation)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN amount)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN time))))))) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ takes) (PP (TO to) (NP (NNP circle) (NNP Neptune) (, ,) (CD 5.88) (NNP Earth) (NNS days))))))) (. .)))

Triton completes one rotation on its axis in the same amount of time that it takes to circle Neptune, 5.88 Earth days.

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ takes) (NP (NN earth) (CD one) (NN week)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB rotate) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis))) (NP (CD seven) (NNS times)))))) (. .)))

It takes earth one week to rotate on its axis seven times.

neutral

( ( Cactus spines ) ( ( are ( ( structural adaptations ) ( that ( ( provide ( ( shade and ) protection ) ) ( from herbivores ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Cactus) (NNS spines)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ structural) (NNS adaptations)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP provide) (NP (NN shade) (CC and) (NN protection)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS herbivores)))))))) (. .)))

Cactus spines are structural adaptations that provide shade and protection from herbivores.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

The spines of a cactus help it survive because spines protect the cactus from animals.

entailment

( ( For example ) ( , ( it ( ( ( ( is not ) ( required ( that ( sh ( be ( able ( to ( read ( ( an arbitrarily ) large ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) '' ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (VP (VBN required) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN sh)) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB read) (S (NP (DT an) (NN arbitrarily)) (ADJP (JJ large)))))))))))) ('' '') (. .)))

For example, it is not required that sh be able to read an arbitrarily large ".

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Being) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB read))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ learned) (NN trait))))) (. .)))

Being able to read is an example of a learned trait.

neutral

( ( Both parents ) ( ( have ( ( 30 days ) ( to ( reclaim ( ( the child ) ( but ( not ( until ( ( ( ( DNA confirmation ) and ) ( court scrutiny ) ) ( has ( taken place ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT Both) (NNS parents)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (CD 30) (NNS days)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB reclaim) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN child)) (FRAG (CC but) (RB not) (SBAR (IN until) (S (NP (NP (NN DNA) (NN confirmation)) (CC and) (NP (NN court) (NN scrutiny))) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN taken) (NP (NN place)))))))))))))) (. .)))

Both parents have 30 days to reclaim the child but not until DNA confirmation and court scrutiny has taken place.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Children)) (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS parents)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ similar) (NN dna)))))) (. .)))

Children resemble their parents because they have similar dna.

neutral

( ( After ( a hurricane ) ) ( , ( ( both ( ( parents and ) children ) ) ( ( dreamed ( of ( being ( threatened ( by ( ( ( winds or ) tornadoes ) ( ( coming directly ) ( at them ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN After) (NP (DT a) (NN hurricane))) (, ,) (NP (DT both) (NNS parents) (CC and) (NNS children)) (VP (VBD dreamed) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN threatened) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNS winds) (CC or) (NNS tornadoes)) (VP (VBG coming) (ADVP (RB directly)) (PP (IN at) (NP (PRP them))))))))))) (. .)))

After a hurricane, both parents and children dreamed of being threatened by winds or tornadoes coming directly at them.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT Both) (NNS hurricanes) (CC and) (NNS tornadoes)) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ high) (NNS winds))) (. .)))

Both hurricanes and tornadoes always have high winds.

neutral

( Another ( is ( ( ( the switch ) , ) ( ( a device ) ( that ( ( ( starts and ) stops ) ( ( the flow ) ( of electrical ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT Another)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN switch)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN device)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ starts) (CC and) (VBZ stops) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN flow)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ electrical))))))))))))

Another is the switch, a device that starts and stops the flow of electrical

(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ parallel) (NN circuit)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (RBS best) (VBN described) (PP (IN as))))) (: :) (NP (NP (NN electricity) (NNS flows)) (PP (IN along) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD one)) (NN pathway))))))

A parallel circuit is best described as: electricity flows along more than one pathway

neutral

( It ( ( ( ( took centuries ) ( for ( ( ( man 's ) knowledge ) ( of genetics ) ) ) ) ( to ( ( evolve ( to ( the point ) ) ) ( where ( there ( was ( ( a ( basic understanding ) ) ( of ( ( ( ( the role ) ( of ( ( ( the egg ) and ) ( the sperm ) ) ) ) and ) ( ( the inheritance ) ( of ( characteristics ( such ( as ( ( ( blue eyes ) and ) ( big ears ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD took) (NP (NNS centuries)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NP (NN man) (POS 's)) (NN knowledge)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS genetics))))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB evolve) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN point))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ basic) (NN understanding)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN role)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN egg)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN sperm))))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN inheritance)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS characteristics)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes)) (CC and) (NP (JJ big) (NNS ears))))))))))))))))) (. .)))

It took centuries for man's knowledge of genetics to evolve to the point where there was a basic understanding of the role of the egg and the sperm and the inheritance of characteristics such as blue eyes and big ears.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ human) (NN offspring)) (VP (VBP inherit) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes))) (. .)))

A human offspring inherit blue eyes.

entailment

( Angiosprms ( ( are ( flowering ( ( plants , ) ( such ( as ( oak ( and ( apple trees ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ; ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Angiosprms)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBG flowering) (NP (NP (NNS plants)) (, ,) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NN oak) (CC and) (NN apple) (NNS trees)))))) (: ;)))

Angiosprms are flowering plants, such as oak and apple trees;

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN sign)) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT an) (NN apple) (NN tree)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG going) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB start) (NP (VBG growing) (NNS apples)))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN tree)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NNS flowers)))))) (. .)))

A sign that an apple tree is going to start growing apples is that the tree has flowers.

neutral

( It ( ( ( takes ( approximately ( 26,000 years ) ) ) ( for ( the ( earth ( to ( make ( ( one ( complete revolution ) ) ( of ( the precession ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ takes) (ADVP (RB approximately) (NP (CD 26,000) (NNS years))) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NN earth) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (NP (CD one) (JJ complete) (NN revolution)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN precession)))))))))) (. .)))

It takes approximately 26,000 years for the earth to make one complete revolution of the precession.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ makes) (NP (DT a) (JJ complete) (NN revolution)) (NP (ADVP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (PP (IN about) (ADVP (RB once)))) (DT every) (NN year))) (. .)))

Earth makes a complete revolution around the sun about once every year.

neutral

( ( Of stars ) ( ( ( ( radiant bright ) and ) ( the sun ) ) ( beams . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN Of) (NP (NNS stars))) (NP (NP (NNP radiant) (NNP bright)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (VP (VBZ beams)) (. .)))

Of stars radiant bright and the sun beams.

(ROOT (S (PP (IN From) (NP (NN earth))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ appears) (NP (NN brighter)) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT any) (JJ other) (NN star))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (JJS closest) (NN star))))))))

From earth, the sun appears brighter than any other star because the sun is the closest star

neutral

( ( If ( ( ( it ( is ( heated ( to ( 250 o ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( ( ( the length ) ( of ( each side ) ) ) ( increases ( by ( 0.5 mm ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( what ( ( ( ( ( are ( ( ( ( the ( new area ) ) , ) and ) ( the linear ) ) ) and ) ( ( area coefficients ) ( of expansion ) ) ) ( if ( the metal ) ) ) ? ) ) ) )

(ROOT (SBARQ (SBAR (IN If) (S (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN heated) (PP (TO to) (NP (QP (CD 250) (CD o))))))) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN length)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT each) (NN side)))) (VP (VBZ increases) (PP (IN by) (NP (CD 0.5) (NN mm))))))) (, ,) (WHNP (WP what)) (SQ (SQ (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ new) (NN area)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN linear)))) (CC and) (SQ (NP (NN area) (NNS coefficients)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN expansion)))) (PP (IN if) (NP (DT the) (NN metal)))) (. ?)))

If it is heated to 250 o and the length of each side increases by 0.5 mm, what are the new area, and the linear and area coefficients of expansion if the metal?

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NN increase)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN length)))) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN metal) (NN railroad) (NNS tracks))) (PP (IN during) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN summer) (NN day)))))) (. .)))

A(n) increase in length happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day.

neutral

( ( WN178 GOOD ) ( ( VIBRATIONS ( I ( have ( ( heard claims ) ( that ( ( ( spirits and ) ghosts ) ( are ( ( ( all ( a type ) ) ( of ( psychic energy ) ) ) ( that ( can ( be ( disrupted ( by ( ( other forms ) ( of ( energy ( such ( as ( ( ( ( ( lights , ) ( loud sounds ) ) , ) and ) heat ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP WN178) (NNP GOOD)) (VP (VBZ VIBRATIONS) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP I)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN heard) (NP (NNS claims)) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS spirits) (CC and) (NNS ghosts)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (PDT all) (DT a) (NN type)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ psychic) (NN energy))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN disrupted) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (JJ other) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN energy)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (NNS lights)) (, ,) (NP (JJ loud) (NNS sounds)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN heat)))))))))))))))))))))) (. .)))

WN178 GOOD VIBRATIONS I have heard claims that spirits and ghosts are all a type of psychic energy that can be disrupted by other forms of energy such as lights, loud sounds, and heat.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Heat)) (, ,) (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN sound))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT all) (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (. .)))

Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy.

entailment

( ( ( ( ( ( the trillions ) ( of ( grains ( of ( sand ( on ( a beach ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) ( ( ( the trillions ) ( of ( air ( ( molecules or ) atoms ) ) ) ) ( that ( ( make up ) ( your body ) ) ) ) ) , ) ( etc. . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS trillions)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS grains)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN sand)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT a) (NN beach)))))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS trillions)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN air) (NNS molecules) (CC or) (NNS atoms))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP make) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (PRP$ your) (NN body)))))) (, ,)) (VP (VBZ etc.)) (. .)))

the trillions of grains of sand on a beach, the trillions of air molecules or atoms that make up your body, etc.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS atoms))))) (. .)))

Air is made of atoms.

neutral

( We ( ( offer ( ( pumpkin-based foods ) ( such ( as ( ( ( ( ( ( our ( original ( recipe ( pumpkin pie ) ) ) ) , ) ( pumpkin muffins ) ) , ) and ) ( pumpkin-raisin bread ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP We)) (VP (VBP offer) (NP (NP (JJ pumpkin-based) (NNS foods)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ original) (NN recipe) (NN pumpkin) (NN pie)) (, ,) (NP (NN pumpkin) (NNS muffins)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (JJ pumpkin-raisin) (NN bread)))))) (. .)))

We offer pumpkin-based foods such as our original recipe pumpkin pie, pumpkin muffins, and pumpkin-raisin bread.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN pumpkin)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NN fruit))) (. .)))

A pumpkin is a fruit.

neutral

( It ( ( ( will only ) ( burn ( if ( ( ( the substrata ) ( under it ) ) ( , ( ( for ( example wood ) ) ( , ( are burning ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (MD will) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VB burn) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN substrata)) (PP (IN under) (NP (PRP it)))) (, ,) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example) (NN wood))) (, ,) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBG burning))))))) (. .)))

It will only burn if the substrata under it, for example wood, are burning.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Wood) (NNP burning)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ different) (NN substance)) (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN formed))))))) (. .)))

Wood burning is an example of a different substance being formed.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( As ( ( a tadpole ) ( begins ( to ( transform ( into ( a frog ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( they ( begin ( ( ( developing lungs ) , ) feet ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( they ( loose ( their tales ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (SBAR (IN As) (S (NP (DT a) (NN tadpole)) (VP (VBZ begins) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB transform) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT a) (NN frog))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP begin) (NP (NP (VBG developing) (NNS lungs)) (, ,) (NP (NNS feet))))) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBZ loose) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS tales)))) (. .)))

As a tadpole begins to transform into a frog, they begin developing lungs, feet and they loose their tales.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN frog)) (VP (VBZ develops) (NP (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN a/an)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NNS lungs)) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ changes) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT a) (NN tadpole))) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT an) (JJ adult) (NN frog))))))) (. .)))

A frog develops (a/an) lungs as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog.

entailment

( Worse ( ( yet ( , ( ( ( ( the ( light rain ) ) ( turned ( to ( a ( heavy rain ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( Uba ( was ( forced ( to ( ( seek shelter ) ( in ( a ( nearby cave ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (FRAG (ADJP (RBR Worse)) (S (ADVP (RB yet)) (, ,) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ light) (NN rain)) (VP (VBD turned) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT a) (JJ heavy) (NN rain))))) (CC and) (S (NP (NNP Uba)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN forced) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB seek) (NP (NN shelter)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ nearby) (NN cave)))))))))) (. .)))

Worse yet, the light rain turned to a heavy rain and Uba was forced to seek shelter in a nearby cave.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ rains)))) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (NNS animals)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB move) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB seek) (NP (NN shelter))))))) (. .)))

When it rains, some animals will move to seek shelter.

neutral

( ( ( ( Observation tools ) : ) ( ( Microscope , ) ( hand lens ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NN Observation) (NNS tools)) (: :) (NP (NP (NNP Microscope)) (, ,) (NP (NN hand) (NN lens))) (. .)))

Observation tools: Microscope, hand lens.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN microscope)) (VP (MD would) (ADVP (RBS best)) (VP (VB help) (S (NP (DT a) (NN person)) (VP (VB observe) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN plant) (NN cell)))))))) (. .)))

A microscope would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell.

neutral

( ( The connection ) ( ( is ( ( a substance ) ( that ( ( ( is ( a ( good conductor ) ) ) , ) ( for ( ( example , ) ( a ( copper wire ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN connection)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN substance)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (NN conductor)) (, ,) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NN example)) (, ,) (NP (DT a) (NN copper) (NN wire))))))))) (. .)))

The connection is a substance that is a good conductor, for example, a copper wire.

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Copper)) (VP (VBZ conducts) (NP (NP (NN electricity)) (NP (DT the) (JJS best)))) (. .)))

Copper conducts electricity the best.

entailment

( ( Vascular plants ) ( ( have ( ( tube-like structures ) ( that ( ( transport water ) ( from ( ( the roots ) ( to ( ( the stem ) ( to ( the leaves ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Vascular) (NNS plants)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (JJ tube-like) (NNS structures)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VB transport) (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS roots)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN stem)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NNS leaves)))))))))))) (. .)))

Vascular plants have tube-like structures that transport water from the roots to the stem to the leaves.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Stems)) (VP (VBD transport) (NP (NN water)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (JJ other) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN plant))))) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN system)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS tubes)))))) (. .)))

Stems transport water to other parts of the plant through a system of tubes.

entailment

( ( When ( ( fossil fuels ) ( are burned ) ) ) ( , ( ( their ( carbon atoms ) ) ( ( ( combine ( with ( oxygen ( in ( the air ) ) ) ) ) ( to ( make CO2 ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (JJ fossil) (NNS fuels)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN burned))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN carbon) (NNS atoms)) (VP (VBP combine) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NN oxygen)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN air))))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (NNP CO2)))))) (. .)))

When fossil fuels are burned, their carbon atoms combine with oxygen in the air to make CO2.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS atoms))))) (. .)))

Air is made of atoms.

neutral

( ( Forms ( of energy ) ) ( ( include ( ( heat ( , ( light ( , ( sound ( , ( electricity ( , ( and chemical ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) energy ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNS Forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))) (VP (VBP include) (NP (NP (NN heat) (, ,) (NN light) (, ,) (NN sound) (, ,) (NN electricity) (, ,) (CC and) (NN chemical)) (NP (NN energy)))) (. .)))

Forms of energy include heat, light, sound, electricity, and chemical energy.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Heat)) (, ,) (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN sound))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT all) (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (. .)))

Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy.

entailment

( equatorial ( ( mounting ( ( A mounting ) ( that ( has ( ( one ( axis parallel ) ) ( to ( ( Earth 's ) ( rotation axis ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ; ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NN equatorial)) (VP (VBG mounting) (NP (NP (DT A) (VBG mounting)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (CD one) (NNS axis) (JJ parallel)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (NNP Earth) (POS 's)) (NN rotation) (NNS axis))))))))) (: ;)))

equatorial mounting A mounting that has one axis parallel to Earth's rotation axis;

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ takes) (NP (NN earth) (CD one) (NN week)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB rotate) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis))) (NP (CD seven) (NNS times)))))) (. .)))

It takes earth one week to rotate on its axis seven times.

neutral

( ( ( Most ( of ( ( the ( large bodies ) ) ( of ( the ( solar ( system orbit ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( the sun ) ( a ( single plane ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (JJS Most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ large) (NNS bodies)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ solar) (NN system) (NN orbit)))))) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (NP (DT a) (JJ single) (NN plane))) (. .)))

Most of the large bodies of the solar system orbit the sun a single plane.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS largest) (NN body)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ solar) (NN system)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (. .)))

The largest body in our solar system is the sun.

neutral

( ( Employers ( of graduates ) ) ( ( report ( ( these students ) ( ( ( ( have ( ( the maturity ) ( of teachers ) ) ) ( with ( ( a ( few years ) ) ( of experience ) ) ) ) and ) ( are ( able ( to ( be ( reflective ( from ( ( the ( first day ) ) ( of ( their tenure ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNS Employers)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS graduates)))) (VP (VBP report) (SBAR (S (NP (DT these) (NNS students)) (VP (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN maturity)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS teachers)))) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ few) (NNS years)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN experience)))))) (CC and) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ reflective) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN tenure))))))))))))))) (. .)))

Employers of graduates report these students have the maturity of teachers with a few years of experience and are able to be reflective from the first day of their tenure.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (DT an) (NN accident)) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN science) (NN experiment)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN thing)) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN student)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB do)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NN report)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN teacher))))) (. .)))

If an accident happens during a science experiment, the first thing a student should do is report to the teacher.

neutral

( ( ( Some ( inherited characteristics ) ) ( that ( can ( be studied ) ) ) ) ( ( are ( ( ( ( ( ( eye ( ( color and ) shape ) ) , ) ( wing ( ( size and ) shape ) ) ) , ) and ) ( body color ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT Some) (VBN inherited) (NNS characteristics)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN studied))))))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NN eye) (NN color) (CC and) (NN shape)) (, ,) (NP (NN wing) (NN size) (CC and) (NN shape)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN body) (NN color)))) (. .)))

Some inherited characteristics that can be studied are eye color and shape, wing size and shape, and body color.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ human) (NN offspring)) (VP (VBP inherit) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes))) (. .)))

A human offspring inherit blue eyes.

entailment

( ( can ( be ( transformed ( to ( ( other forms ) ( of ( energy ( such ( as ( ( ( ( ( ( ( light , ) heat ) , ) mechanical ) , ) or ) sound ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN transformed) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (JJ other) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN energy)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (NP (NN heat)) (, ,) (NP (JJ mechanical)) (, ,) (CC or) (NP (NN sound))))))))))) (. .)))

can be transformed to other forms of energy such as light, heat, mechanical, or sound.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Heat)) (, ,) (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN sound))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT all) (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (. .)))

Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy.

entailment

( ( Many times ) ( we ( ( ( can not ) ( ( ( see ( ( the forest ) ( for ( the trees ) ) ) ) and ) ( ( need ( additional help ) ) ( to ( see ( ( each tree ) ( that ( ( makes up ) ( the forest ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS times)) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (MD can) (RB not) (VP (VP (VB see) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN forest)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NNS trees))))) (CC and) (VP (VB need) (NP (JJ additional) (NN help)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB see) (NP (NP (DT each) (NN tree)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ makes) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (DT the) (NN forest)))))))))))) (. .)))

Many times we can not see the forest for the trees and need additional help to see each tree that makes up the forest.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB help) (VP (VB keep) (NP (DT a) (NN forest)) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (NN place)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNS birds) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG preventing) (NP (ADJP (RB too) (JJ many)) (NNS trees)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN cut) (PRT (RP down)))))))))))))))))) (. .)))

People can help keep a forest a good place for birds to live by preventing too many trees from being cut down.

neutral

( Electricity ( ( is ( ( ( a form ) ( of energy ) ) ( that ( is ( used ( to ( ( produce ( other energy ) ) ( like ( ( heat ( , ( light ( , ( and sound ) ) ) ) ) ( in ( electrical equipment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Electricity)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB produce) (NP (JJ other) (NN energy)) (PP (IN like) (NP (NP (NN heat) (, ,) (NN light) (, ,) (CC and) (NN sound)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ electrical) (NN equipment)))))))))))))) (. .)))

Electricity is a form of energy that is used to produce other energy like heat , light, and sound in electrical equipment.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Heat)) (, ,) (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN sound))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT all) (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (. .)))

Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy.

entailment

( ( ( ( Forms ( of energy ) ) : ) ( ( Investigate situations ) ( ( in which ) ( ( changes ( in matter ) ) ( also ( ( give off ) ( energy ( as ( light ( , ( ( heat or ) sound ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (NNS Forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))) (: :) (NP (NP (JJ Investigate) (NNS situations)) (SBAR (WHPP (IN in) (WHNP (WDT which))) (S (NP (NP (NNS changes)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN matter)))) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VB give) (PRT (RP off)) (NP (NP (NN energy)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NN light) (, ,) (NN heat) (CC or) (NN sound)))))))) (. .)))

Forms of energy: Investigate situations in which changes in matter also give off energy as light, heat or sound.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Heat)) (, ,) (NP (NN light)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN sound))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT all) (JJ different) (NNS forms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (. .)))

Heat, light, and sound are all different forms of energy.

entailment

( Autumn ( ( brings ( bounties ( of ( pumpkins ( , ( ( fruits and ) vegetables ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Autumn)) (VP (VBZ brings) (NP (NP (NNS bounties)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS pumpkins) (, ,) (NNS fruits) (CC and) (NNS vegetables))))) (. .)))

Autumn brings bounties of pumpkins, fruits and vegetables.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN pumpkin)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NN fruit))) (. .)))

A pumpkin is a fruit.

neutral

( deer ( ( ( ( seek shelter ) ( from ( ( sun and ) rain ) ) ) ( under ( the branches ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS deer)) (VP (VBP seek) (NP (NN shelter)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN sun) (CC and) (NN rain))) (PP (IN under) (NP (DT the) (NNS branches)))) (. .)))

deer seek shelter from sun and rain under the branches.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ rains)))) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (NNS animals)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB move) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB seek) (NP (NN shelter))))))) (. .)))

When it rains, some animals will move to seek shelter.

entailment

( It ( ( is ( ( ( ( extremely hot ) , ) ( much hotter ) ) ( than ( ( the surface ) ( of ( the Sun ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (ADJP (RB extremely) (JJ hot)) (, ,) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun))))))) (. .)))

It is extremely hot, much hotter than the surface of the Sun.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( ( Compare ( ( the ( two sets ) ) ( of ( ( mole ratios ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( ( ( 1 - ) ( those ( of ( ( ( the ( balanced equation ) ) , ) 2 ) ) ) ) - ) ( those ( determined ( from ( the ( given masses ) ) ) ) ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (VP (VB Compare) (NP (NP (DT the) (CD two) (NNS sets)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ mole) (NNS ratios)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (CD 1)) (: -) (NP (NP (DT those)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ balanced) (NN equation)) (, ,) (NP (CD 2)))))) (: -) (S (NP (DT those)) (VP (VBD determined) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (VBN given) (NNS masses))))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))) (. .)))

Compare the two sets of mole ratios (1- those of the balanced equation, 2- those determined from the given masses).

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN student)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB use) (NP (DT a) (NN balance) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB compare) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS masses)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD two) (JJ small) (NNS rocks)))))))))) (. .)))

A student should use a balance to compare the masses of two small rocks.

neutral

( ( How ( to ( make ( an air ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( atomized sprayer ) ( for stencils ) ) ( for ( only ( $ 50.00 ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB How)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (DT an) (NN air)))))) (VP (VBD atomized) (NP (NN sprayer)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNS stencils))) (PP (IN for) (NP (QP (RB only) ($ $) (CD 50.00))))) (. .)))

How to make an air atomized sprayer for stencils for only $50.00.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Air)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS atoms))))) (. .)))

Air is made of atoms.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( General ( ( Policies And ) Procedures ) ) ( Accidents ( , ( ( Injuries & ) Illness ) ) ) ) : ) ( ( All accidents ) ( ( and/or injuries ) ( should ( be ( ( reported immediately ) ( to ( ( the teacher ) ( in charge ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (NNP General) (NNP Policies) (CC And) (NNP Procedures)) (NP (NNPS Accidents) (, ,) (NNPS Injuries) (CC &) (NNPS Illness))) (: :) (NP (NP (DT All) (NNS accidents)) (SBAR (S (NP (JJ and/or) (NNS injuries)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN reported) (ADVP (RB immediately)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN teacher)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN charge))))))))))) (. .)))

General Policies And Procedures Accidents, Injuries & Illness: All accidents and/or injuries should be reported immediately to the teacher in charge.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (DT an) (NN accident)) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN science) (NN experiment)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN thing)) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN student)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB do)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NN report)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN teacher))))) (. .)))

If an accident happens during a science experiment, the first thing a student should do is report to the teacher.

entailment

( ( ( do ( Living Things ) ) ( Need ( to Survive ) ) ) ? )

(ROOT (SQ (VBP do) (NP (JJ Living) (NNS Things)) (VP (VB Need) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB Survive))))) (. ?)))

do Living Things Need to Survive?

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN moose)) (VP (VBZ eats) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN plant)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG living) (NN thing)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ depends) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT another) (VBG living) (NN thing) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive)))))))))))))))) (. .)))

A moose eats a plant is an example of a living thing that depends on another living thing to survive.

neutral

( ( The fruits ) ( ( resemble ( pumpkin seeds ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NNS fruits)) (VP (VBP resemble) (NP (NN pumpkin) (NNS seeds))) (. .)))

The fruits resemble pumpkin seeds.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN pumpkin)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NN fruit))) (. .)))

A pumpkin is a fruit.

neutral

( ( As ( ( the rain ) ( duly arrived ) ) ) ( , ( so ( ( did ( ( ( several people ) ( seeking ( ( shelter , ) ( who ( ( moved off ) again ) ) ) ) ) ( when ( ( the rain ) stopped ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (SINV (SBAR (IN As) (S (NP (DT the) (NN rain)) (ADVP (RB duly)) (VP (VBD arrived)))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB so)) (VBD did) (NP (NP (JJ several) (NNS people)) (VP (VBG seeking) (NP (NP (NN shelter)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD moved) (PRT (RP off)) (ADVP (RB again))))))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (DT the) (NN rain)) (VP (VBD stopped))))) (. .)))

As the rain duly arrived, so did several people seeking shelter, who moved off again when the rain stopped.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ rains)))) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (NNS animals)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB move) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB seek) (NP (NN shelter))))))) (. .)))

When it rains, some animals will move to seek shelter.

neutral

( ( ( A tube ) ( to ( the ( watering system ) ) ) ) ( ( ( leaked and ) ( watered ( the ( small plants ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN tube)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN watering) (NN system)))) (VP (VP (VBD leaked)) (CC and) (VP (VBD watered) (NP (DT the) (JJ small) (NNS plants)))) (. .)))

A tube to the watering system leaked and watered the small plants.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Stems)) (VP (VBD transport) (NP (NN water)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (JJ other) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN plant))))) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN system)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS tubes)))))) (. .)))

Stems transport water to other parts of the plant through a system of tubes.

neutral

( They ( ( ( ( like ( cold ( ( weather and ) rain ) ) ) and ) ( never ( seek ( shelter ( from either ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VP (VBP like) (NP (JJ cold) (NN weather) (CC and) (NN rain))) (CC and) (VP (ADVP (RB never)) (VBP seek) (NP (NP (NN shelter)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT either)))))) (. .)))

They like cold weather and rain and never seek shelter from either.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ rains)))) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (NNS animals)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB move) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB seek) (NP (NN shelter))))))) (. .)))

When it rains, some animals will move to seek shelter.

neutral

( ( ( The force ) ( of gravity ) ) ( ( ( ( ( causes it ) ( to collapse ) ) , ) ( becoming ( white hot ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN force)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN gravity)))) (VP (VBZ causes) (NP (PRP it)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN collapse))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG becoming) (NP (JJ white) (NNS hot))))) (. .)))

The force of gravity causes it to collapse, becoming white hot.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Gravity)) (VP (VBZ causes) (S (NP (NNS rocks)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB roll) (ADVP (RB downhill)))))) (. .)))

Gravity causes rocks to roll downhill.

neutral

( Minerals ( ( are ( substances ( that ( are ( ( formed naturally ) ( ( in ( ( the ( Earth ( . Minerals ) ) ) ( ( ( are ( usually solid ) ) , ) inorganic ) ) ) ( , ( ( ( ( have ( a ( crystal structure ) ) ) , ) and ) ( ( happen naturally ) ( by geological ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNPS Minerals)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NNS substances)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN formed) (ADVP (RB naturally)) (UCP (PP (IN in) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Earth) (. .) (NNP Minerals)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (RB usually) (JJ solid)) (, ,) (ADJP (JJ inorganic))))) (, ,) (S (VP (VB have) (NP (DT a) (NN crystal) (NN structure))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VB happen) (ADVP (RB naturally)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN geological)))))))))))) (. .)))

Minerals are substances that are formed naturally in the Earth. Minerals are usually solid, inorganic, have a crystal structure, and happen naturally by geological .

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ solid) (JJ natural) (NN material)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT a) (NN crystal) (NN structure))))))) (. .)))

A mineral is described as a solid natural material with a crystal structure.

entailment

( ( ( An ( indefinite mixture ) ) ( of ( ( naturally occurring ) substances ) ) ) ( , ( mainly ( minerals . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT An) (JJ indefinite) (NN mixture)) (PP (IN of) (NP (ADJP (RB naturally) (VBG occurring)) (NNS substances)))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB mainly)) (VP (VBN minerals)) (. .)))

An indefinite mixture of naturally occurring substances, mainly minerals .

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ natural) (NN substance)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ makes) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (NNS rocks))))))))) (. .)))

A mineral is described as a natural substance that makes up rocks.

neutral

( ( Since ( ( ( the ( same sort ) ) ( of tree ) ) ( still ( grows there ) ) ) ) ( , ( we ( ( were ( able ( to ( take ( ( a ( few ( acorns home ) ) ) ( as souvenirs ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN Since) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN sort)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN tree)))) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VBZ grows) (ADVP (RB there))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB take) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ few) (NNS acorns) (NN home)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNS souvenirs))))))))) (. .)))

Since the same sort of tree still grows there, we were able to take a few acorns home as souvenirs.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT An) (NN acorn)) (VP (VBG growing) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT an) (JJ adult) (NN tree))))) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB take) (NP (DT the) (JJS longest) (NN time)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB observe)))))) (. .)))

An acorn growing into an adult tree will take the longest time to observe.

neutral

( ( Many ( living organisms ) ) ( ( must ( ( eat ( other ( living things ) ) ) ( to ( ( survive , ) ( such ( as ( ( plants and ) animals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Many) (NN living) (NNS organisms)) (VP (MD must) (VP (VB eat) (NP (JJ other) (NN living) (NNS things)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive) (, ,) (PP (JJ such) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNS plants) (CC and) (NNS animals))))))))) (. .)))

Many living organisms must eat other living things to survive , such as plants and animals .

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN moose)) (VP (VBZ eats) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN plant)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG living) (NN thing)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ depends) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT another) (VBG living) (NN thing) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive)))))))))))))))) (. .)))

A moose eats a plant is an example of a living thing that depends on another living thing to survive.

entailment

( What ( ( are ( ( the ( ideal ( weather conditions ) ) ) ( for ( optimal sky-observing ) ) ) ) ? ) )

(ROOT (SBARQ (WHNP (WP What)) (SQ (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ ideal) (NN weather) (NNS conditions)) (PP (IN for) (NP (JJ optimal) (NN sky-observing))))) (. ?)))

What are the ideal weather conditions for optimal sky-observing?

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Temperature) (CC and) (NN sky) (NNS conditions)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (DT both)) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB describe) (NP (NN weather))))))) (. .)))

Temperature and sky conditions are both used to describe weather.

neutral

( ( Storm ( Water ( Management Ordinances ) ) ) ( : ( ( ( As described ) above ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (FRAG (NP (NNP Storm) (NNP Water) (NNP Management) (NNP Ordinances)) (: :) (FRAG (ADVP (RB As) (RB described)) (ADVP (RB above))) (. .)))

Storm Water Management Ordinances: As described above.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Hail)) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN storm)))) (VP (VBZ describes) (NP (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ solid) (NN state))))) (. .)))

Hail during a storm describes water in a solid state.

neutral

( ( ( 11.17 How ) hot ) ( ( is ( ( the surface ) ( of ( the Sun ) ) ) ) ? ) )

(ROOT (SBARQ (WHADJP (WHADVP (ADVP (RB 11.17)) (WRB How)) (JJ hot)) (SQ (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun))))) (. ?)))

11.17 How hot is the surface of the Sun?

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( Suddenly ( there ( ( is ( ( the sound ) ( of ( ( a ( loud kiss ) ) ( followed ( by ( a ( shattering slap ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Suddenly)) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sound)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ loud) (NN kiss)) (VP (VBN followed) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT a) (JJ shattering) (NN slap)))))))) (. .)))

Suddenly there is the sound of a loud kiss followed by a shattering slap.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sound)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ loud) (NN classroom)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))))) (. .)))

The sound in a loud classroom is an example of a form of energy.

neutral

( It ( 's ( turned ( into ( ( plasma , ) ( ( a ( burning gas ) ) ( as ( hot ( as the ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ 's) (VP (VBN turned) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (NN plasma)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBG burning) (NN gas)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (JJ hot)) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT the))))))))))))

It's turned into plasma, a burning gas as hot as the

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB much) (JJ hotter) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (RB almost) (NN anything)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN earth))))))) (. .)))

The surface of the sun is much hotter than almost anything on earth.

neutral

( `` ( ( When ( ( ( the ( National Academy ) ) ( of Sciences ) ) ( ( ( published ( a guide ) ) ( on ( teaching evolution ) ) ) ( last month ) ) ) ) ( , ( it ( ( ( ( ( ( was ( no accident ) ) , ) then ) , ) ( that ( it ( also ( focused ( on ( what ( teachers ( should ( ( ( know and ) explain ) ( to ( students ( about ( ( the nature ) ( of science ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (`` ``) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP National) (NNP Academy)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNPS Sciences)))) (VP (VBD published) (NP (DT a) (NN guide)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN teaching) (NN evolution))) (NP (JJ last) (NN month))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT no) (NN accident)) (, ,) (ADVP (RB then)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD focused) (PP (IN on) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (NNS teachers)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB know) (CC and) (VB explain) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (NNS students)) (PP (IN about) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN nature)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN science)))))))))))))))) (. .)))

"When the National Academy of Sciences published a guide on teaching evolution last month, it was no accident, then, that it also focused on what teachers should know and explain to students about the nature of science.

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (DT an) (NN accident)) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN science) (NN experiment)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN thing)) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN student)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB do)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NN report)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN teacher))))) (. .)))

If an accident happens during a science experiment, the first thing a student should do is report to the teacher.

neutral

( ( 1 . ) ( ( ( Spines = ) ( modified leave ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( various cactuses ) -RRB- ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (CD 1) (. .)) (VP (NP (NP (NNP Spines) (NNP =)) (VP (VBN modified) (S (VP (VB leave))))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ various) (NNS cactuses)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))

1. Spines = modified leave (various cactuses)

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

The spines of a cactus help it survive because spines protect the cactus from animals.

neutral

( And ( ( ( ( ( ( I 15 ) ( am ( growing ( ( some trees ) ( that ( take ( ( ( a ( long time ) ) ( to 16 ) ) develop ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( it ( ( takes ( ( a lot ) ( of ( water ( between ( ( now and ) 17 ) ) ) ) ) ) then ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (CC And) (S (NP (NN I) (CD 15)) (VP (VBP am) (VP (VBG growing) (NP (NP (DT some) (NNS trees)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP take) (S (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ long) (NN time)) (PP (TO to) (NP (CD 16)))) (VP (VB develop)))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ takes) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN lot)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN between) (NP (RB now) (CC and) (CD 17)))))) (ADVP (RB then)))) (. .)))

And I 15 am growing some trees that take a long time to 16 develop, and it takes a lot of water between now and 17 then.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT An) (NN acorn)) (VP (VBG growing) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT an) (JJ adult) (NN tree))))) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB take) (NP (DT the) (JJS longest) (NN time)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB observe)))))) (. .)))

An acorn growing into an adult tree will take the longest time to observe.

neutral

( ( ~ ( ~ ( ~ ( ~ ( ~ ( ~ ~ ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ~ ( ( The pumpkin ) ( is ( ( a ( versatile fruit ) ) ( commonly ( grown ( in ( ( ( ( ( ( North America ) , ) ( Great Britain ) ) , ) and ) ( ( Continental Europe ) ( for ( both ( human ( food ( and ( livestock feed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP ~) (NNP ~) (NNP ~) (NNP ~) (NNP ~) (NNP ~) (NNP ~)) (VP (VBD ~) (SBAR (S (NP (DT The) (NN pumpkin)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ versatile) (NN fruit)) (VP (ADVP (RB commonly)) (VBN grown) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NNP North) (NNP America)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Great) (NNP Britain)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNP Continental) (NNP Europe)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT both) (JJ human) (NN food) (CC and) (NN livestock) (NN feed)))))))))))) (. .)))

~~~~~~~~ The pumpkin is a versatile fruit commonly grown in North America, Great Britain, and Continental Europe for both human food and livestock feed.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN pumpkin)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NN fruit))) (. .)))

A pumpkin is a fruit.

entailment

( ( ( ( ( ( Irrigation ( from ( the lake ) ) ) ( could ( be ( used ( to ( ( grow food ) ( to ( help ( hungry people ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) or ) ( ( trees ( cut ( from ( an ( old-growth forest ) ) ) ) ) ( can ( build ( affordable homes ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (NNP Irrigation)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN lake)))) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB grow) (NP (NN food)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB help) (NP (JJ hungry) (NNS people)))))))))))) (, ,) (CC or) (S (NP (NP (NNS trees)) (VP (VBN cut) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT an) (JJ old-growth) (NN forest))))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB build) (NP (JJ affordable) (NNS homes))))) (. .)))

Irrigation from the lake could be used to grow food to help hungry people, or trees cut from an old-growth forest can build affordable homes.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB help) (VP (VB keep) (NP (DT a) (NN forest)) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (NN place)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNS birds) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG preventing) (NP (ADJP (RB too) (JJ many)) (NNS trees)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN cut) (PRT (RP down)))))))))))))))))) (. .)))

People can help keep a forest a good place for birds to live by preventing too many trees from being cut down.

neutral

( ( If ( something ( is ( damaged accidently ) ) ) ) ( , ( it ( should ( be ( reported ( to ( a ( teacher or ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (NN something)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN damaged) (ADVP (RB accidently)))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN reported) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT a) (NX (NX (NNS teacher)) (CC or)))))))))

If something is damaged accidently, it should be reported to a teacher or

(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN If) (S (NP (DT an) (NN accident)) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN science) (NN experiment)))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN thing)) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN student)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB do)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NN report)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN teacher))))) (. .)))

If an accident happens during a science experiment, the first thing a student should do is report to the teacher.

entailment

( ( Latent ( heat flux ) ) ( ( is ( ( the energy ) ( ( ( removed from ) or ) ( delivered ( to ( ( the snowpack ) ( which ( accompanies ( ( the ( mass transfers ) ) ( of ( ( ( ( ( evaporation , ) sublimation ) , ) or ) condensation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Latent) (NN heat) (NN flux)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN energy)) (VP (VP (VBN removed) (PP (IN from))) (CC or) (VP (VBN delivered) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN snowpack)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ accompanies) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ mass) (NNS transfers)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN evaporation)) (, ,) (NP (NN sublimation)) (, ,) (CC or) (NP (NN condensation)))))))))))))) (. .)))

Latent heat flux is the energy removed from or delivered to the snowpack which accompanies the mass transfers of evaporation, sublimation, or condensation.

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Evaporation) (CC and) (NN condensation)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ similar) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN caused) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNS changes)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN heat) (NN energy))))))))))) (. .)))

Evaporation and condensation are similar because both are caused by changes in heat energy.

neutral

( So ( ( ( ( a day ) ( on ( Venus , ) ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( the time ) ( it ( takes ( to ( ( rotate once ) ( on ( its axis ) ) ) ) ) ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ( ( is ( ( the ( same ( ( as 243 ) days ) ) ) ( on Earth ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (IN So) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN day)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NNP Venus)) (, ,)))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN time)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ takes) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB rotate) (ADVP (RB once)) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)))))))))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (QP (RB as) (CD 243)) (NNS days)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Earth))))) (. .)))

So a day on Venus, (the time it takes to rotate once on its axis) is the same as 243 days on Earth.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBZ rotates) (PP (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS axis)) (ADVP (RB once))) (CC times) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD one) (NN day))))) (. .)))

Earth rotates on its axis once times in one day.

neutral

( ( Storm ( water facilities ) ) ( ( are ( described ( in ( the manual ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Storm) (NN water) (NNS facilities)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN manual))))) (. .)))

Storm water facilities are described in the manual.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Hail)) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN storm)))) (VP (VBZ describes) (NP (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ solid) (NN state))))) (. .)))

Hail during a storm describes water in a solid state.

neutral

( ( When ( ( the ( jet stream ) ) ( ( dips ( to ( the south ) ) ) ( in ( the ( Northern Hemisphere ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( it ( ( ( ( creates ( ( a trough ) ( of ( low pressure ) ) ) ) , ) ( ( allowing ( cold ( polar ( air masses ) ) ) ) ( to ( invade ( the ( United States ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (DT the) (NN jet) (NN stream)) (VP (VBD dips) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN south))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Northern) (NNP Hemisphere)))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ creates) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN trough)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ low) (NN pressure)))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG allowing) (NP (JJ cold) (JJ polar) (NN air) (NNS masses)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB invade) (NP (DT the) (NNP United) (NNPS States)))))))) (. .)))

When the jet stream dips to the south in the Northern Hemisphere, it creates a trough of low pressure, allowing cold polar air masses to invade the United States.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS best) (NN explanation)) (PP (IN for) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (VP (VBP move) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (VBG prevailing) (NNS westerlies)) (VP (VP (VBP move) (NP (NN air) (NNS masses)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN west))) (PP (TO to) (ADJP (JJ east))) (PP (IN across) (NP (DT the) (VBN united) (NNS states)))) (CC but) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN deflected) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN jet) (NN stream)))))))))) (. .)))

The best explanation for how air masses move across the united states is that the prevailing westerlies move air masses from west to east across the united states but may be deflected by the jet stream.

neutral

( ( ( ( The sun ) and ) ( the ( solar system ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sun)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (JJ solar) (NN system))) (. .)))

The sun and the solar system.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS largest) (NN body)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP$ our) (JJ solar) (NN system)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (. .)))

The largest body in our solar system is the sun.

neutral

( ( ( X1011587228-00024-06910 </DOCNO> ) ( ( ( ( Facts ( About Minerals ) ) and ) ( Rocks ( FUN ( FACTS ( ABOUT ( MINERALS ( AND ( ROCKS Minerals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( are ( ( solid ( inorganic substances ) ) ( occurring ( in ( nature ( that ( have ( ( ( ( ( ( their ( own crystal ) ) , ) chemical ) , ) and ) physical ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( make up ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP X1011587228-00024-06910) (NNP </DOCNO>)) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (NNP Facts) (RB About) (NNPS Minerals)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Rocks) (NNP FUN) (NNP FACTS) (NNP ABOUT) (NNP MINERALS) (CC AND) (NNP ROCKS) (NNP Minerals))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ solid) (JJ inorganic) (NNS substances)) (VP (VBG occurring) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN nature)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ own) (NN crystal)) (, ,) (NP (NN chemical)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (JJ physical)))))))))))))) (VP (VBP make) (PRT (RP up))) (. .)))

X1011587228-00024-06910</DOCNO> Facts About Minerals and Rocks FUN FACTS ABOUT MINERALS AND ROCKS Minerals are solid inorganic substances occurring in nature that have their own crystal, chemical, and physical make up.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ natural) (NN substance)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ makes) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (NNS rocks))))))))) (. .)))

A mineral is described as a natural substance that makes up rocks.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( 1 -RRB- ) ( Animals ( follow ( food resources ) ) ) ) - ) ( birds ( ( move south ) ( when ( food ( becomes ( scarce ( in winter ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (LST (LS 1) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (NNS Animals)) (VP (VBP follow) (NP (NN food) (NNS resources)))) (: -) (S (NP (NNS birds)) (VP (VBP move) (ADVP (RB south)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NN food)) (VP (VBZ becomes) (ADJP (JJ scarce) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN winter))))))))) (. .)))

1) Animals follow food resources - birds move south when food becomes scarce in winter.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (JJ Many) (NNS species)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS birds)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ new) (NN england)))))) (VP (VBP fly) (ADVP (RB south) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NN winter) (NNS months)))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (NP (DT an) (NN environment)) (PP (IN with) (NP (JJR more) (NN food))))))) (. .)))

Many species of birds in new england fly south for the winter months to find an environment with more food.

entailment

( it ( ( ( finishes ( by ( ( the ( second flowering ) ) ( of ( apple trees ) ) ) ) ) ( at ( stage E ) ) ) ; ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ finishes) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ second) (NN flowering)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN apple) (NNS trees))))) (PP (IN at) (NP (NN stage) (NN E)))) (: ;)))

it finishes by the second flowering of apple trees at stage E ;

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN sign)) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT an) (NN apple) (NN tree)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG going) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB start) (NP (VBG growing) (NNS apples)))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN tree)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NNS flowers)))))) (. .)))

A sign that an apple tree is going to start growing apples is that the tree has flowers.

neutral

( ( a. ( ( ( the cells ) ( of ( multicellular organisms ) ) ) ( tend ( to accumulate ) ) ) ) ( ( wastes , ) ( ( a consequence ) ( of ( diffusion b. ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (SINV (VP (VBP a.) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS cells)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)))) (VP (VBP tend) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB accumulate)))))))) (NP (NP (NNS wastes)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN consequence)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN diffusion) (NN b.)))))))

a. the cells of multicellular organisms tend to accumulate wastes, a consequence of diffusion b.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Single-celled) (NNS organisms) (CC and) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN way) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN waste) (NNS materials))))))))) (. .)))

Single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have this in common: both have a way to get rid of waste materials.

neutral

( ( This course ) ( ( investigates ( ( ( ( the relationship ) ( between ( microscopic structure ) ) ) and ) ( ( macroscopic properties ) ( of ( ( ( ( ( polymers ( -LRB- ( ( ( ( ( plastics , ) elastomers ) , ) ( liquid crystals ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) , ) ( ( electronic materials ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( ( ( ( semiconductors , ) ( conducting polymers ) ) , ) and ) superconductors ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) and ) ( solids ( -LRB- ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( metals , ) magnets ) , ) ceramics ) , ) minerals ) , ) and ) glasses ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT This) (NN course)) (VP (VBZ investigates) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN relationship)) (PP (IN between) (NP (JJ microscopic) (NN structure)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (JJ macroscopic) (NNS properties)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (NNS polymers)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNS plastics)) (, ,) (NP (NNS elastomers)) (, ,) (NP (JJ liquid) (NNS crystals))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJ electronic) (NNS materials)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNS semiconductors)) (, ,) (NP (NN conducting) (NNS polymers)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NNS superconductors))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNS solids)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNS metals)) (, ,) (NP (NNS magnets)) (, ,) (NP (NNS ceramics)) (, ,) (NP (NNS minerals)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NNS glasses))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (. .)))

This course investigates the relationship between microscopic structure and macroscopic properties of polymers (plastics, elastomers, liquid crystals), electronic materials (semiconductors, conducting polymers, and superconductors) and solids (metals, magnets, ceramics, minerals, and glasses).

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN mineral)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN described) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ solid) (JJ natural) (NN material)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT a) (NN crystal) (NN structure))))))) (. .)))

A mineral is described as a solid natural material with a crystal structure.

neutral

( ( Leather chaps ) ( ( ( were often ) ( worn ( to ( ( ( ( protect ( ( the ( cowboy 's ) ) legs ) ) ( from ( cactus spines ) ) ) and ) ( ( prevent ( the fabric ) ) ( from ( wearing out ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Leather) (NNS chaps)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBN worn) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB protect) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN cowboy) (POS 's)) (NNS legs)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN cactus) (NNS spines)))) (CC and) (VP (VB prevent) (NP (DT the) (NN fabric)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG wearing) (PRT (RP out))))))))))) (. .)))

Leather chaps were often worn to protect the cowboy's legs from cactus spines and prevent the fabric from wearing out.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

The spines of a cactus help it survive because spines protect the cactus from animals.

neutral

( ( An ( electrical circuit ) ) ( ( may ( contain ( ( ( ( one or ) more ) switches ) ( that ( ( open or ) ( closes ( the circuit ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT An) (JJ electrical) (NN circuit)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB contain) (NP (NP (QP (CD one) (CC or) (JJR more)) (NNS switches)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VP (VBP open)) (CC or) (VP (VBZ closes) (NP (DT the) (NN circuit))))))))) (. .)))

An electrical circuit may contain one or more switches that open or closes the circuit.

(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ parallel) (NN circuit)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (RBS best) (VBN described) (PP (IN as))))) (: :) (NP (NP (NN electricity) (NNS flows)) (PP (IN along) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD one)) (NN pathway))))))

A parallel circuit is best described as: electricity flows along more than one pathway

neutral

( ( They ( ( are then ) ( shown ( how ( ( every ( energy source ) ) ( ultimately ( comes ( from ( ( the Sun ) ( using ( props ( such ( as coal ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( mars ( ( bar , ) ( mini television ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (SINV (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB then)) (VP (VBN shown) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (DT every) (NN energy) (NN source)) (ADVP (RB ultimately)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Sun)) (VP (VBG using) (NP (NP (NNS props)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NN coal))))))))))))) (, ,) (VP (VBZ mars)) (NP (NP (NN bar)) (, ,) (NP (JJ mini) (NN television))) (. .)))

They are then shown how every energy source ultimately comes from the Sun using props such as coal, mars bar, mini television.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (NNP Coal)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ nonrenewable)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (NN sun)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ renewable) (SBAR (S (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NP (NN coal)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (VP (VBP compare) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (NNS sources)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))))))))))))) (. .)))

Coal is nonrenewable, and the sun is renewable is how coal and the sun compare as sources of energy.

neutral

( Solid ( -- ( ( also ( known ( as ice ) ) ) ( . ( ( ( Snow and ) hail ) ( ( also ( ( make up ) ( the ( ( `` ( frozen ( '' ( or solid ) ) ) ) water ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Solid)) (: --) (S (VP (ADVP (RB also)) (VBN known) (PP (IN as) (NP (NN ice))))) (. .) (NP (NNP Snow) (CC and) (NNP hail)) (VP (ADVP (RB also)) (VBP make) (PRT (RP up)) (NP (DT the) (ADJP (`` ``) (JJ frozen) ('' '') (CC or) (JJ solid)) (NN water))) (. .)))

Solid -- also known as ice. Snow and hail also make up the "frozen" or solid water.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Hail)) (PP (IN during) (NP (DT a) (NN storm)))) (VP (VBZ describes) (NP (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ solid) (NN state))))) (. .)))

Hail during a storm describes water in a solid state.

entailment

( ( forces ( from ( ( the ( Earth 's ) ) gravity ) ) ) ( probably ( ( cause this ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNS forces)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN Earth) (POS 's)) (NN gravity)))) (ADVP (RB probably)) (VP (VB cause) (NP (DT this))) (. .)))

forces from the Earth's gravity probably cause this.

(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Gravity)) (VP (VBZ causes) (S (NP (NNS rocks)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB roll) (ADVP (RB downhill)))))) (. .)))

Gravity causes rocks to roll downhill.

neutral

( ( The ( basic ( weather elements ) ) ) ( ( observed ( ( are : ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( sky condition ) , ) visibility ) , ) ( present weather ) ) , ) ( obstructions ( to ( vision ( , ( pressure ( , ( temperature ( , ( dew point ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) ( wind ( ( direction and ) speed ) ) ) , ) ( precipitation accumulation ) ) , ) and ) ( selected ( significant remarks ) ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (JJ basic) (NN weather) (NNS elements)) (VP (VBD observed) (SBAR (S (VP (VBP are) (: :) (NP (NP (NN sky) (NN condition)) (, ,) (NP (NN visibility)) (, ,) (NP (JJ present) (NN weather)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNS obstructions)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NN vision) (, ,) (NN pressure) (, ,) (NN temperature) (, ,) (NN dew) (NN point)))) (, ,) (NP (NN wind) (NN direction) (CC and) (NN speed)) (, ,) (NP (NN precipitation) (NN accumulation)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (VBN selected) (JJ significant) (NNS remarks))))))) (. .)))

The basic weather elements observed are: sky condition, visibility, present weather, obstructions to vision, pressure, temperature, dew point, wind direction and speed, precipitation accumulation, and selected significant remarks.

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Temperature) (CC and) (NN sky) (NNS conditions)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (DT both)) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB describe) (NP (NN weather))))))) (. .)))

Temperature and sky conditions are both used to describe weather.

entailment

( ( ( ( Using ( a ( microscope ( to observe ) ) ) ) ( ( stained cells ) ( from ( ( the membrane ) ( of ( an onion ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ( Green ( polka dots ) ) ( Using ( a ( microscope ( to ( ( observe ( the chloroplasts ) ) ( in ( green ( plant cells ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( Who ( lives here ) ) ) ) ? )

(ROOT (SINV (VP (VBG Using) (NP (DT a) (NN microscope) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB observe)))))) (VP (VBD stained) (NP (NNS cells)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN membrane)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT an) (NN onion)))))) (NP (NP (NNP Green) (NNP polka) (NNP dots)) (VP (VBG Using) (NP (DT a) (NN microscope) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB observe) (NP (DT the) (NNS chloroplasts)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ green) (NN plant) (NNS cells)))))))) (SBAR (WHNP (WP Who)) (S (VP (VBZ lives) (ADVP (RB here)))))) (. ?)))

Using a microscope to observe stained cells from the membrane of an onion Green polka dots Using a microscope to observe the chloroplasts in green plant cells Who lives here?

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN microscope)) (VP (MD would) (ADVP (RBS best)) (VP (VB help) (S (NP (DT a) (NN person)) (VP (VB observe) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN plant) (NN cell)))))))) (. .)))

A microscope would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell.

entailment

( ASOS ( ( will ( provide ( ( ( ( weather observations ) ( which include ) ) : ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( temperature , ) ( dew point ) ) , ) wind ) , ) ( altimeter setting ) ) , ) visibility ) , ) ( sky condition ) ) , ) and ) precipitation ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NNS ASOS)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB provide) (NP (NP (NP (NN weather) (NNS observations)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBP include))))) (: :) (NP (NP (NN temperature)) (, ,) (NP (NN dew) (NN point)) (, ,) (NP (NN wind)) (, ,) (NP (NN altimeter) (NN setting)) (, ,) (NP (NN visibility)) (, ,) (NP (NN sky) (NN condition)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NN precipitation)))))) (. .)))

ASOS will provide weather observations which include: temperature, dew point, wind, altimeter setting, visibility, sky condition, and precipitation.

(ROOT (S (NP (NN Temperature) (CC and) (NN sky) (NNS conditions)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (DT both)) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB describe) (NP (NN weather))))))) (. .)))

Temperature and sky conditions are both used to describe weather.

entailment

( ( ( Hurricanes and ) tornadoes ) ( both ( ( form ( in ( ( warm ( , ( damp air ) ) ) ( when ( winds ( ( blow ( into ( each other ) ) ) ( from ( opposite directions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNPS Hurricanes)) (CC and) (NP (NNS tornadoes))) (DT both) (VP (VBP form) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJ warm) (, ,) (JJ damp) (NN air)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS winds)) (VP (VB blow) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT each) (JJ other))) (PP (IN from) (NP (JJ opposite) (NNS directions))))))))) (. .)))

Hurricanes and tornadoes both form in warm, damp air when winds blow into each other from opposite directions.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT Both) (NNS hurricanes) (CC and) (NNS tornadoes)) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ high) (NNS winds))) (. .)))

Both hurricanes and tornadoes always have high winds.

neutral

( ( ( ( There ( ( is also ) ( ( another reason ) ( for ( bearing spines ) ) ) ) ) : ) ( it ( ( prevents or ) ( rather ( ( protects ( the ( cactus plant ) ) ) ( from ( being ( eaten ( by ( the ( desert animals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB also)) (NP (NP (DT another) (NN reason)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN bearing) (NNS spines)))))) (: :) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VP (VBZ prevents)) (CC or) (VP (ADVP (RB rather)) (VBZ protects) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus) (NN plant)) (PP (IN from) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN eaten) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (NN desert) (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

There is also another reason for bearing spines: it prevents or rather protects the cactus plant from being eaten by the desert animals.

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))

The spines of a cactus help it survive because spines protect the cactus from animals.

entailment

( ( ( Learning Outcomes ) ( Upon ( completion ( of ( the lesson ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( the students ) ( ( will ( ( ( be ( able to ) ) : ) ( ( list ( ( ( ( at least ) 3 ) traits ) ( of ( ( grasses and ) flowers ) ) ) ) ( that ( they observed ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (NP (NNP Learning) (NNPS Outcomes)) (IN Upon) (NP (NP (NN completion)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN lesson))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNS students)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ able) (PP (TO to)))) (: :) (VP (VB list) (NP (NP (QP (IN at) (JJS least) (CD 3)) (NNS traits)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS grasses) (CC and) (NNS flowers)))) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD observed))))))) (. .)))

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of the lesson, the students will be able to: list at least 3 traits of grasses and flowers that they observed.

(ROOT (S (S (VP (VBG Being) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB read))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ learned) (NN trait))))) (. .)))

Being able to read is an example of a learned trait.

neutral

( ( ( ( ( In humans ) ( , ( ( eye color ) ( is ( ( an example ) ( of ( an ( inherited characteristic ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) : ) ( ( an individual ) ( might ( ( inherit ( the ( brown-eye trait ) ) ) ( from ( one ( of ( the parents ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )

(ROOT (S (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNS humans))) (, ,) (NP (NN eye) (NN color)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT an) (VBN inherited) (NN characteristic)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT an) (NN individual)) (VP (MD might) (VP (VB inherit) (NP (DT the) (JJ brown-eye) (NN trait)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS parents)))))))) (. .)))

In humans, eye color is an example of an inherited characteristic: an individual might inherit the brown-eye trait from one of the parents.

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (JJ human) (NN offspring)) (VP (VBP inherit) (NP (JJ blue) (NNS eyes))) (. .)))

A human offspring inherit blue eyes.

entailment

( ( In ( all ( multicellular organisms ) ) ) ( , ( ( ( the fluid ) ( within ( ( ( the cell ) and ) ( ( the fluids ) ( surrounding ( the cells ) ) ) ) ) ) ( have ( a ( ( ( characteristic and ) ( nearly constant ) ) pH. ) ) ) ) ) )

(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT all) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN fluid)) (PP (IN within) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN cell)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS fluids)) (VP (VBG surrounding) (NP (DT the) (NNS cells))))))) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (ADJP (JJ characteristic)) (CC and) (ADJP (RB nearly) (JJ constant))) (NN pH.)))))

In all multicellular organisms, the fluid within the cell and the fluids surrounding the cells have a characteristic and nearly constant pH.

(ROOT (S (S (NP (JJ Single-celled) (NNS organisms) (CC and) (NN multicellular) (NNS organisms)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ common)))))) (: :) (S (NP (DT both)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN way) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN waste) (NNS materials))))))))) (. .)))

Single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have this in common: both have a way to get rid of waste materials.

neutral

( ( ( This type ) ( of energy ) ) ( ( is ( ( a form ) ( of ( mechanical energy ) ) ) ) . ) )

(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT This) (NN type)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ mechanical) (NN energy))))) (. .)))

This type of energy is a form of mechanical energy .

(ROOT (S (NP (DT A) (NN person)) (VP (VBZ uses) (NP (JJ mechanical) (NN energy) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB pedal) (NP (DT a) (NN bicycle))))))) (. .)))

A person uses mechanical energy to pedal a bicycle.

neutral