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[ { "content": "What does it mean for something to be compostable?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "An item that is compostable will \"decompose\" over a short duration of time, back into natural materials such as compost. This is in contrast to materials like plastic or aluminum that require thousands or even millions of years to degrade and transform into something found naturally. The benefit of compostable materials is that they do not generate any trash to take up space in landfills, and use more naturally-derived inputs in production processes (in contrast to fossil fuels).", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me a few flaws of the Human Development Index from this passage\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and was further used to measure a country's development by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)'s Human Development Report Office.\n\nThe 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that \"the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality), while the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum level of HDI) that could be achieved if there were no inequality.\"\n\nThe index is based on the human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq, anchored in Amartya Sen's work on human capabilities, and often framed in terms of whether people are able to \"be\" and \"do\" desirable things in life. Examples include – being: well fed, sheltered, and healthy; doing: work, education, voting, participating in community life. The freedom of choice is central – someone choosing to be hungry (e.g. when fasting for religious reasons) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is in a famine.\n\nThe index does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Human Development Index has been revised in 2010 owing to a few limitations. HDI is believed to estimate the 'potential' human development that could be achieved if there were no inequality. The revised Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality). Secondly, HDI does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most developed countries, such as the G7 members and others.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "How can you get to Dry Tortugas National Park?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nDry Tortugas National Park is a national park located about 68 miles (109 km) west of Key West in the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States. The park preserves Fort Jefferson and the seven Dry Tortugas islands, the westernmost and most isolated of the Florida Keys. The archipelago's coral reefs are the least disturbed of the Florida Keys reefs.\n\nMost visitors arrive in Dry Tortugas National Park by either boat or seaplane from Key West. Official ferry and transportation services to the Dry Tortugas include the Yankee Freedom III catamaran, private vessel chartering and seaplane services. Other methods of visiting the Dry Tortugas include chartering of authorized and approved private vessels. There are no road connections to Dry Tortugas, and cars cannot access the islands.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dry Tortugas National Park can be accessed by seaplane or boat. The official ferry service is Yankee Freedom; private boats can also access the island. The islands that make up Dry Tortugas are located near Key West in the Gulf of Mexcio and cannot be accessed by car.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Give me a bulleted list of the cutest animals.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Panda, koala, guinea pig.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "When did India gain independence?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "India gained independence from British rule on August 15th, 1947.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What causes rain?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Rain is the byproduct of the natural cycle of evaporation and condensation that happens all over the world. Moisture evaporates into the atmosphere from bodies of water and soil. Once this moisture is aloft in the atmosphere, certain conditions cause it to precipitate in the form of rain. These conditions include changes in atmospheric pressure, orographic lift cause by hilly terrain, and changes in temperature. Once the moisture starts to condense into larger and larger droplets, they eventually become heavy enough to fall from the cloud in the form of rain drops. This cycle then continues on with the newly fallen rain beginning to evaporate into the atmosphere.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What black sweet is particularly popular in the Netherlands", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In the Netherlands, black sweet is particularly popular. It is a type of cake made from a light and fluffy sponge cake, filled with a dark chocolate ganache and topped with dark chocolate shavings.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Is a manned mission to Mars worth the cost ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Since the beginning of the Space race in 1957, we have had an exponential growth in innovative technology that benefited the space program and had commercial usage. They range from medical imaging techniques, healthcare monitoring equipment, artificial limbs, water filtration systems, solar panels and baby formula. The challenges of traveling to Mars and maintaining a sustainable living environment will also foster rapid innovation in sustainable technologies that can help to solve our current challenges on Earth. This could be renewable fuels, rapidly deployable habitats, Carbon sequestration and advances in AI.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is measured on the Gay-Lussac scale", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Alcohol strength", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the core ingredients of a bechamel sauce?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A bechamel (or béchamel) is a creamy white sauce used in dishes like lasagna, mac and cheese, soufflés, gratins, moussaka and casseroles... The core ingredients consist of butter, flour and milk.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What country is to the north of the United States?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Canada is America's northern neighbor", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which car manufacturer is Japanese or American: Mazda, Chevrolet", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Chevrolet is American, Mazda is Japanese", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Based on the passage provided, what is the difference between Amdahl's law and the law of diminishing returns?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAmdahl's law is often conflated with the law of diminishing returns, whereas only a special case of applying Amdahl's law demonstrates law of diminishing returns. If one picks optimally (in terms of the achieved speedup) what is to be improved, then one will see monotonically decreasing improvements as one improves. If, however, one picks non-optimally, after improving a sub-optimal component and moving on to improve a more optimal component, one can see an increase in the return. Note that it is often rational to improve a system in an order that is \"non-optimal\" in this sense, given that some improvements are more difficult or require larger development time than others.\n\nAmdahl's law does represent the law of diminishing returns if one is considering what sort of return one gets by adding more processors to a machine, if one is running a fixed-size computation that will use all available processors to their capacity. Each new processor added to the system will add less usable power than the previous one. Each time one doubles the number of processors the speedup ratio will diminish, as the total throughput heads toward the limit of 1/(1 − p).\n\nThis analysis neglects other potential bottlenecks such as memory bandwidth and I/O bandwidth. If these resources do not scale with the number of processors, then merely adding processors provides even lower returns.\n\nAn implication of Amdahl's law is that to speed up real applications which have both serial and parallel portions, heterogeneous computing techniques are required. There are novel speedup and energy consumption models based on a more general representation of heterogeneity, referred to as the normal form heterogeneity, that support a wide range of heterogeneous many-core architectures. These modelling methods aim to predict system power efficiency and performance ranges, and facilitates research and development at the hardware and system software levels.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The law of diminishing returns represents a special case of the application of Amdahl's law. The passage provides an example of a scenario where Amdahl's law represents the law of diminishing returns. In this scenario one is running a fixed sized computation that will use all available processors to their capacity and is considering what sort of return can be achieved by adding more processors to a machine. Applying Amdahl's law tells us that each new processor added to the system will add less usable power than the previous. In other words, each new processor yields diminishing returns.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Is there a relation between wavelength and frequency?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency. Wavelength is the distance between crests of waves whereas Frequency is number of waves occur in given time. Higher the frequency , lower the wavelength and vice-versa", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Provide me with a some ideas on healthy activities I can do in nature.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Getting out in nature alone or with friends is healthy both physically and psychologically. If you are looking for an activity that will require you to be out in nature you could consider bushwalking. Many national parks have walking trails of varying length and difficulty. Golf is also a healthy outdoor activity that you can do with a small group of friends or colleagues. If the beach is more your style then bodyboarding, surfing and snorkling are beach activities that you can do solo or in a group.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given this paragraph about Jordan, tell me where it is located and which countries it borders?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nJordan (Arabic: الأردن, tr. Al-ʾUrdunn [al.ʔur.dunː]), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and east, Iraq to the northeast, Syria to the north, and the Palestinian West Bank, Israel, and the Dead Sea to the west. It has a 26 km (16 mi) coastline in its southwest on the Gulf of Aqaba's Red Sea, which separates Jordan from Egypt. Amman is Jordan's capital and largest city, as well as its economic, political, and cultural centre.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Jordan is a country in Western Asia and it is border by Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and Israel.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Give me six examples of common productivity myths.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Waking up early will make you more productive\n- Everyone has \"the same\" 24 hours each day in which to be productive\n- Being busy means being productive\n- Multi-tasking and task shifting will allow you to be more productive\n- If you're happy with your work, you will be more productive\n- Hard work inevitably leads to productivity", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "How does FTX collapse?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "FTX was reported to move a significant portion of its assets to its partner firm Alameda Research in an article published by CoinDesk in November 2022. After this, FTX rival Binance's CEO Changpeng Zhao announced that Binance would sell its holdings of FTX tokens, which was quickly followed by a spike in customer withdrawals from FTX. FTX was unable to meet the demand for such customer withdrawals. On December 12, 2022, founder Sam Bankman-Fried was arrested by the Bahamian authorities for financial offences, at the request of the US government.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "In the following initial summary of the plot of the series My Hero Academia, what is the secret that Izuku must keep and from whom?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIzuku Midoriya is a young man who dreams of becoming a Hero despite being bullied by his violent childhood friend Katsuki Bakugo for lacking a Quirk. After having a few encounters with his idol, All Might, who is Japan's greatest hero, Izuku is chosen by All Might to inherit his Quirk \"One For All\" (which gives him the ability to endlessly stockpile his raw power) and become his successor, as All Might was severely injured by his arch-nemesis All For One (whose Quirk allows him to steal other Quirks for his use and pass them over to others at his will) and does not have much time left to live. Izuku begins attending the U.A. High School for heroes in training alongside Bakugo and his friends from Class 1-A while keeping his connection with All Might a secret. During the course of the school year, Izuku and his friends work hard to improve themselves and have a few encounters with the League of Villains led by All For One's apprentice Tomura Shigaraki, who desires to kill All Might as part of their plan to take over the world. During one of these encounters, All Might and All For One have one last fight, which ends with All For One defeated and imprisoned, and All Might, having exhausted the last of One For All's power in himself, forced to retire.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Izuku keeps his secret that All Might had chosen Izuku to inherit All Might's Quirk \"One For All\" from Bakugo and Izuku's friends from Class 1-A.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Make a bullet list of three different types of meat I could get in a taco", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Pollo Asado\n- Carne asada\n- Al Pastor", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the best TV series for Kids?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "I loved to see Small Wonder.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are some fun things to do around Seattle on a warm Summer day?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here are few things that someone might enjoy on a warm Summer day in Seattle: walking around Seattle center, taking a trip up to the top of the Space Needle to get a unique perspective of the city, taking a ferry ride to Bainbridge Island to walk around the small town and shop at the small unique shops, visit Green Lake park just north of the city and take a stroll around the picturesque scenery, or visit Pike place market and see the many items venders have for sale.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What's a good way to make a baked potato?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Preheat your oven to 400 degrees. Poke some holes in the potato with a fork. Spread olive oil all over the potato, and sprinkle kosher salt on it. Place it directly on the oven rack and let it bake for about an hour. It will be ready when a knife can slide into it easily.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Can you tell me about different types of hot water kettles?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "I'd be happy to tell you about hot water kettles. Hot water kettles are used to heat up water for beverages like tea or coffee. There are a few different kinds:\n - Stove-top kettles, which are placed on a stove and make a sound when the water is boiling.\n - Electric water kettles, which heat up using electricity rather than a stove. These can have many controls and contain thermostats to control the target water heat.\n - Gooseneck kettles, which can be electric or stovetop but feature a thin spout which is useful for making pour-over coffee.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Help me pick a Lego set for my friends.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lego has different sets for people in different ages. Each set usually has age guidance on the box. For small kids below 3 years old, I would recommend Duplo, because Duplo bricks have bigger size, and won't be swallowed by accident. For kids above 3 years old, but less than 10 years old, I would recommend Lego Classic. For those sets, people can use their imagination to create whatever things they like. For kids above 10 and adults, Lego Technic and Icons are super cool and good for display. \n\nFor people interested in specific themes, like Star War, Harry Potter, etc, lego also has sets in those themes for you to choose from.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What tools Aloy can exploit to survive in the world? give me the category and examples in the format {category} - {examples}\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHorizon Zero Dawn is an action role-playing game played from a third-person view. Players take control of Aloy, a hunter who ventures through a post-apocalyptic land ruled by robotic creatures. Aloy can kill enemies in a variety of ways – shooting them with arrows, setting traps such as tripwires using the Tripcaster, using explosives, and a spear. Machine components, including electricity and the metal they are composed of, are vital to Aloy's survival; she can loot their remains for crafting resources. Ammo, resource satchels, pouches, quivers, resistance, antidotes, health potions, and traps can all be crafted. Weapons have modification slots for dealing more damage. Aloy wears a Focus, a small head piece that scans machines to determine their susceptibilities, identify their location, their level, and the nature of loot they will drop. One machine, the Stalker, can enable cloaking technology to avert the gaze of Aloy's Focus scan. Machines attack with defensive and offensive measures, and in either case react to a perceived threat by charging at it with brute force or projectiles. Exhibiting the behaviour of wild animals, some machines are inclined to move in herds, and others, with the ability to fly, do so in flocks. Unless hacked with the Override Tool, or sufficiently hit with corruption arrows, machines do not exert aggressive force against each other. Aloy also engages in battle with human enemies, such as bandits and the Eclipse cult.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "weapons: arrows, tripwires using the Tripcaster, explosives, spear\nresources: Ammo, resource satchels, pouches, quivers, resistance, antidotes, health potions, traps\ntechnology: Focus, Override Tool", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Extract the names of the climbers who pioneered The Nose route on El Captain. List them in order by date first and then alphabetically by last name. Format them {Year} - {Name}. Separate the pairs with a semicolon.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Nose was climbed in 1958 by Warren Harding, Wayne Merry and George Whitmore in 47 days using \"siege\" tactics: climbing in an expedition style using fixed ropes along the length of the route, linking established camps along the way. The fixed manila ropes allowed the climbers to ascend and descend from the ground throughout the 18-month project, although they presented unique levels of danger as well, sometimes breaking due to the long exposure to cold temperatures. The climbing team relied heavily on aid climbing, using rope, pitons and expansion bolts to make it to the summit. The second ascent of The Nose was in 1960 by Royal Robbins, Joe Fitschen, Chuck Pratt and Tom Frost, who took seven days in the first continuous climb of the route without siege tactics. The first solo climb of The Nose was done by Tom Bauman in 1969. The first ascent of The Nose in one day was accomplished in 1975 by John Long, Jim Bridwell and Billy Westbay.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1958 - Warren Harding; 1958 - Wayne Merry; 1958 - George Whitmore; 1960 - Joe Fitschen; 1960 - Tom Frost; 1960 - Chuck Pratt; 1960 - Royal Robbins; 1969 - Tom Bauman; 1975 - Jim Bridwell; 1975 - John Long; 1975 - Billy Westbay", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Pintano or Pint", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pintano", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Can you give me the biography of Lia Cirio\n\nText: \"\"\"\nLia Cirio is an American ballet dancer. She is a principal dancer at Boston Ballet.\n\nBiography\nCirio is half Filipino. She trained at Swarthmore Ballet Theatre and Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet. At age 16, she joined Boston Ballet II. She joined the main company's corps de ballet in 2004, at age 16, and was the company's Princess Grace Award nominee the same year. Cirio was named second soloist in 2006 and soloist the following year. In 2008 and 2009, Cirio joined the Trey McIntyre Project, and toured with the company in the United States and the world. She returned to Boston Ballet in the 2009-10 season and was promoted to principal in 2010. She has danced roles such as Odette/Odile in Swan Lake and the title role in Cinderella.\n\nCirio has also choreographed work for Boston Ballet's ChoreograpHER initiative.\n\nCirio is the older sister of Jeffrey Cirio, a Lead Principal Dancer at English National Ballet. They have established an artistic collective called Cirio Collective in 2015.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lia Cirio is an American ballet dancer. She is a principal dancer at Boston Ballet. \n\nCirio is half Filipino. She trained at Swarthmore Ballet Theatre and Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet. At age 16, she joined Boston Ballet II. She joined the main company's corps de ballet in 2004, at age 16, and was the company's Princess Grace Award nominee the same year. Cirio was named second soloist in 2006 and soloist the following year. In 2008 and 2009, Cirio joined the Trey McIntyre Project, and toured with the company in the United States and the world. She returned to Boston Ballet in the 2009-10 season and was promoted to principal in 2010. She has danced roles such as Odette/Odile in Swan Lake and the title role in Cinderella.\n\nCirio has also choreographed work for Boston Ballet's ChoreograpHER initiative.\n\nCirio is the older sister of Jeffrey Cirio, a Lead Principal Dancer at English National Ballet. They have established an artistic collective called Cirio Collective in 2015.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Classify the following as either Australian flora or fauna: kangaroo, wattle, emu, possum, echidna, kookaburra, macadamia, eucalyptus.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Kangaroo, emu, possum and echidna are Australian fauna. Wattle, macadamia and eucalyptus are Australian flora.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Extract what countries border Greece based on the below text and separate them with a comma\n\nText: \"\"\"\nGreece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Sea of Crete and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin, featuring thousands of islands. The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of approximately 10.5 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki and Patras.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Albania, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Turkey", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which national parks should I visit in Utah?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Utah has what is called the Mighty 5. This list includes Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands, Capitol Reef and Zion. With so many choices to choose from, it can be difficult to decide. Arches is known for it's famous \"Delicate Arch\" which you have seen on postcards and the like. Bryce Canyon has countless hoodoos, perfect for your picturesque moment. Canyonlands, may even remind you of the Grand Canyon, so if you've enjoyed that in the past, you might want to start here (it's close by to Arches). Capitol reef has a wide variety of landscapes including arches, cliffs, canyons, etc. Last but most certainly not least, Zion. This park may be the most well-traveled on the list. Zion is especially known for it's big wall climbs.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is glass made of", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Glass has become so commonplace today that it’s easy to see right through it without a second thought. It’s in our windows, on our screens, in our cabinets, and in many of the devices we interact with every day. Even though glass can be found everywhere, you may live your whole life not knowing much about how it’s made or what it’s composed of. Even if you think you know the basics, you’ve only skimmed the surface. \n\nAt a high level, glass is sand that’s been melted down and chemically transformed. If you’ve ever been to the beach, you know exactly how hot sand can get while remaining in its solid form. The kind of heat necessary to transform sand into a liquid state (eventually becoming glass) is much hotter than any sunny day. To make sand melt, you need to heat it to roughly 1700°C (3090°F), which is approximately the same temperature a space shuttle reaches as it re-enters earth’s atmosphere.\n\nThe sand commonly used to make glass is comprised of small grains of quartz crystals, made up of molecules of silicon dioxide, which is also known as silica. When those molecules are heated to high enough temperatures, the sand melts and loses its crystalline structure, and as it cools it gains an entirely different structure. That structure, on a molecular level, is somewhere in between a liquid and a solid. This in-between state is known as an amorphous solid, which means it has some of the crystalline structure of a solid coupled with the molecular randomness of a liquid.\n\nGlass Melting\nDepending on the sand mixture, glass can have a variety of properties. Certain elements or chemicals mixed with sand can change glass’s color, for example. Glass’s properties can also change based on how it’s manufactured and the processes by which it’s shaped afterward. To strengthen glass, manufacturers can use thermal tempering to heat and cool it rapidly. Glass can also be strengthened chemically through an ion exchange process that makes the surface of the glass tougher.\n\nThe glass most people are familiar with is soda-lime glass, which is a combination of soda (also known as soda ash or washing soda), limestone, and sand. Although you can make glass simply by heating and then rapidly cooling silica, the manufacturing of soda-lime glass is a little more complex. By adding soda (sodium carbonate), the melting point of the sand is reduced so it can be transformed into glass at lower temperatures and save energy during manufacturing. However, adding soda to the mixture reduces its chemical durability, making it prone to dissolve when in contact with liquids. For most applications, that’s not desirable, so limestone (calcium carbonate) is also added to the mixture, which acts as a stabilizer. Once the mixture of silica, soda, and limestone is heated, it can be cooled and molded for a variety of applications. \nAt Corning, we know glass. We know how to strengthen it through chemical processes like ion exchange, and we know how to bend it to make optical fiber that can stretch over vast distances. Our knowledge of glass goes back more than a century, allowing us to remain on the cutting edge of research and development. From simple soda-lime to complex glass structures that enable augmented reality, glass is an adaptable, wide-ranging material. That’s why, after more than 165 years, we’re still making new discoveries.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is The Silmarillion?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Silmarillion (Quenya: ) is a collection of myths[T 1] and stories in varying styles by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher Tolkien in 1977, assisted by the fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay.[T 2] It tells of Eä, a fictional universe that includes the Blessed Realm of Valinor, the once-great region of Beleriand, the sunken island of Númenor, and the continent of Middle-earth, where Tolkien's most popular works—The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings—are set. After the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien's publisher Stanley Unwin requested a sequel, and Tolkien offered a draft of the writings that would later become The Silmarillion. Unwin rejected this proposal, calling the draft obscure and \"too Celtic\", so Tolkien began working on a new story that eventually became The Lord of the Rings.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Silmarillion (Quenya: ) is a collection of myths[T 1] and stories in varying styles by the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited and published posthumously by his son Christopher Tolkien in 1977, assisted by the fantasy author Guy Gavriel Kay.[T 2] It tells of Eä, a fictional universe that includes the Blessed Realm of Valinor, the once-great region of Beleriand, the sunken island of Númenor, and the continent of Middle-earth, where Tolkien's most popular works—The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings—are set. After the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien's publisher Stanley Unwin requested a sequel, and Tolkien offered a draft of the writings that would later become The Silmarillion. Unwin rejected this proposal, calling the draft obscure and \"too Celtic\", so Tolkien began working on a new story that eventually became The Lord of the Rings.\n\nThe Silmarillion has five parts. The first, Ainulindalë, tells in mythic style of the creation of Eä, the \"world that is.\" The second part, Valaquenta, gives a description of the Valar and Maiar, supernatural powers of Eä. The next section, Quenta Silmarillion, which forms the bulk of the collection, chronicles the history of the events before and during the First Age, including the wars over three jewels, the Silmarils, that gave the book its title. The fourth part, Akallabêth, relates the history of the Downfall of Númenor and its people, which takes place in the Second Age. The final part, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age, is a brief summary of the events of The Lord of the Rings and those that led to them.\n\nThe book shows the influence of many sources, including the Finnish epic Kalevala, Greek mythology in the lost island of Atlantis (as Númenor) and the Olympian gods (in the shape of the Valar, though these also resemble the Norse Æsir).\n\nBecause J. R. R. Tolkien died leaving his legendarium unedited, Christopher Tolkien selected and edited materials to tell the story from start to end. In a few cases, this meant that he had to devise completely new material, within the tenor of his father's thought, to resolve gaps and inconsistencies in the narrative, particularly Chapter 22, \"Of the Ruin of Doriath\".\n\nThe Silmarillion received a generally poor reception on publication. Scholars found the work problematic, not least because the book is a construction, not authorised by Tolkien himself, from the large corpus of documents and drafts also called \"The Silmarillion\". Scholars have noted that Tolkien intended the work to be a mythology, penned by many hands, and redacted by a fictional editor, whether Ælfwine or Bilbo Baggins. As such, the scholar Gergely Nagy considers that the fact that the work has indeed been edited actually realises Tolkien's intention.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Whos the lowest drafted NBA player to win the MVP (most valuable player) award?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nEach member of the voting panel casts a vote for first to fifth place selections. Each first-place vote is worth 10 points; each second-place vote is worth seven; each third-place vote is worth five, fourth-place is worth three and fifth-place is worth one. Starting from 2010, one ballot was cast by fans through online voting. The player with the highest point total wins the award. As of the 2021–22 season, the current holder of the award is Nikola Jokić of the Denver Nuggets. Jokić is the lowest draft pick to win the award, being selected 41st by Denver in the 2014 NBA draft.\n\nEvery player who has won this award and has been eligible for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame has been inducted. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times. He is also the only player to win the award despite his team not making the playoffs back in the 1975–76 season. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo and Nikola Jokić have each won it twice. Russell, Chamberlain, and Bird are the only players to win the award in three consecutive years. Only two rookies have won the award: Chamberlain in the 1959–60 season and Wes Unseld in the 1968–69 season. Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria, Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Nash of Canada, Dirk Nowitzki of Germany, Antetokounmpo of Greece, and Jokić of Serbia are the only MVP winners considered \"international players\" by the NBA.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Nikola Jokic is the lowest draft pick to win the award. Nikola Jokic was drafted 41st overall by the Denver Nuggets in 2014.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me whether the following athletes are tennis or football players: Ibrahimovic, Medvedev, Agassi, Neymar, Halep, Davenport", "role": "user" }, { "content": "There are only two football players in the list, Neymar and Ibrahimovic. All the others are well known tennis players.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is a cat?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "A cat is a cute, cuddly animal with whiskers, pointed ears, four legs and paws, and a tail. Cats are companion animals to humans. Cats can come in many different varieties, such as hairless, short-haired, medium-haired, and very fluffy; they also come in many colors, such as black, white, grey, brown, orange, and a combination of multiple colors.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Why does a boat float on water whereas some other objects sink?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Objects with less buoyant force will sink. Buoyancy is a force acting on an object that causes it to rise or move higher in the liquid. If the object is denser than the water then it sinks and if the object is less dense than the water then it floats.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Please give me a bulleted list of sports teams in Spokane.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn sports, the region's professional and semi-professional sports teams include the Spokane Indians in Minor League Baseball and Spokane Chiefs in junior ice hockey. The Gonzaga Bulldogs collegiate basketball team competes at the Division I level. As of 2010, Spokane's major daily newspaper, The Spokesman-Review, had a daily circulation of over 76,000.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Spokane Indians\n- Spokane Chiefs\n- Gonzaga Bulldogs", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are some approaches to prevent abuse of LLMs?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here are some approaches to prevent abuse of LLMs:\n\n1. Prevent users from submitting prompts that contain abusive phrases (a simple keyword ban could work for this).\n2. Similar to the first point, prevent the LLM from returning responses that contain abusive phrases based on a simple keyword ban.\n3. Provide users the option to upvote/downvote and flag responses from the LLM to collect feedback. An additional classification model could be trained on the responses that were flagged as inappropriate and then used to identify and filter out problematic responses from the LLM in the future before the user sees them.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What types of political organizations did pre-colonial Africa have?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nPre-colonial Africa possessed perhaps as many as 10,000 different states and polities characterized by many different sorts of political organization and rule. These included small family groups of hunter-gatherers such as the San people of southern Africa; larger, more structured groups such as the family clan groupings of the Bantu-speaking peoples of central, southern, and eastern Africa; heavily structured clan groups in the Horn of Africa; the large Sahelian kingdoms; and autonomous city-states and kingdoms such as those of the Akan; Edo, Yoruba, and Igbo people in West Africa; and the Swahili coastal trading towns of Southeast Africa.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Pre-colonial Africa had many political organizations including: small family groups, larger family clan groupings, heavily structured clan groups, and autonomous city-states and kingdoms.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Using the text below extract the sponsor, bid amount and the time period (from year to to year) in the format: {sponsor} - {bid amount} - {time period) and show it as a bullet list\n\nText: \"\"\"\nFrom 2008 to 2012, the title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, who had secured the rights with a bid of ₹200 crore (US$25 million) for five seasons. After the conclusion of the 2012 season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for ₹397 crore (US$50 million) for the subsequent five seasons. However, the company terminated the deal in October 2015, two years before the expiry of the contract, reportedly due to the two-season suspension of Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league. The BCCI then transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for ₹200 crore (US$25 million). In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons (2018–2022) with a winning bid of ₹2,199 crore (US$280 million), in a deal more expensive than Barclays' Premier League title sponsorship contract between 2013 and 2016. On 4 August 2020, Vivo got out of the title sponsorship rights due to the ongoing military stand-off between India and China at the Line of Actual Control in July 2020. It was also reported that the withdrawal was a result of Vivo's market losses due to the ongoing COVID-19 situation and that it intended to return as the title sponsors for the following three years. Dream11 bagged the title sponsorship for the 2020 IPL for an amount of ₹222 crore. Vivo returned as the title sponsor for the 2021 IPL, but pulled out again, and was replaced by the Tata Group for the next two seasons. InsideSport reported that the BCCI would actually receive ₹498 crore (US$62 million) for the 2022 and 2023 seasons from title sponsors. Vivo had previously agreed to pay a higher amount for the last two seasons of its sponsorship contract due to the expansion of the league from the 2022 season. According to InsideSport, the new deal had been structured such that Tata would pay ₹335 crore (US$42 million) per year while the deficit of ₹163 crore (US$20 million) per season would be paid by Vivo.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here is the name of the sponsor along with the requested details:\nDLF - 200 crores - 2008 to 2012\nPepsiCo - 297 crores - 2012 to 2015\nVivo - 200 crores - 2015 to 2017\nVivo - 2,199 crores - 2018 to 2019\nDream11 - 220 crores - 2020\nVivo - 2,199 crores - 2021\nTata - 335 crores - 2022 to 2023", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "When was the Sydney Opera House formally opened\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney. Located on the foreshore of Sydney Harbour, it is widely regarded as one of the world's most famous and distinctive buildings and a masterpiece of 20th-century architecture.\n\nDesigned by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, but completed by an Australian architectural team headed by Peter Hall, the building was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition. The Government of New South Wales, led by the premier, Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958 with Utzon directing construction. The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect's ultimate resignation.\n\nThe building and its surrounds occupy the whole of Bennelong Point on Sydney Harbour, between Sydney Cove and Farm Cove, adjacent to the Sydney central business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens, and near to the Sydney Harbour Bridge.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney. Located on the foreshore of Sydney Harbour, it is widely regarded as one of the world's most famous and distinctive buildings and a masterpiece of 20th-century architecture.\n\nDesigned by Danish architect Jorn Utzon, but completed by an Australian architectural team headed by Peter Hall, the building was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 20 October 1973 after a gestation beginning with Utzon's 1957 selection as winner of an international design competition. The Government of New South Wales, led by the premier, Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958 with Utzon directing construction. The government's decision to build Utzon's design is often overshadowed by circumstances that followed, including cost and scheduling overruns as well as the architect's ultimate resignation.\n\nThe building and its surrounds occupy the whole of Bennelong Point on Sydney Harbour, between Sydney Cove and Farm Cove, adjacent to the Sydney central business district and the Royal Botanic Gardens, and near to the Sydney Harbour Bridge.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Distinguish between manmade and natural structures from the following:\nStatue of Liberty\nSuez canal\nNiagara Falls\nVatical City\nValley of Death\nHimalayas\nAngorwat Temple\nTaj Mahal\nRiver Rhine\nThe strait of Malacca\nBrooklyn bridge", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Manmade:\nBrooklyn bridge\nTaj Mahal\nVatical City\nAngorwat Temple\nStatue of Liberty\nSuez canal\n\nNatural structures:\nNiagara Falls\nValley of Death\nThe strait of Malacca\nRiver Rhine\nHimalayas", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "what was the british empire", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23 per cent of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35.5 million km2 (13.7 million sq mi), 24 per cent of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described as \"the empire on which the sun never sets\", as the Sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Where do we go when we die?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In some religions, it is believed we go to heaven after die. There are passages that talk about the pearly gates and being greeted by St. Peter who will check you into heaven and allow to pass through the gates once vetted. The ancient egyptians believed in three afterlife ideologies; the underworld, eternal life and the rebirth of the soul. However, for the average person today who does not partake in mummification and ancient egyptians, it is widely believed that once the body dies, the soul leaves and goes to a place of peace. In a perfect world, we would be reunited with our loved ones, both human and pet, where we would no longer be in pain and can run free with those we care about most. Alternatively, the more literal answer to this question would be that the physical body either goes into a coffin or some type of container or it is cremated into ashes after death.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What does the distribution of isobars indicate?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nAn isobar is a line of equal or constant pressure on a graph, plot, or map; an isopleth or contour line of pressure. More accurately, isobars are lines drawn on a map joining places of equal average atmospheric pressure reduced to sea level for a specified period of time. In meteorology, the barometric pressures shown are reduced to sea level, not the surface pressures at the map locations. The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns. Isobars are commonly used in television weather reporting.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The distribution of isobars is closely related to the magnitude and direction of the wind field, and can be used to predict future weather patterns.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "How can you open a can without using your hands?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1) You could try to use both feet to open the can if you have very strong feet.\n2) You could ask a friend to open the can with their hands.\n3) You could use your elbow to push the can off of a very high surface.\n4) You could drive over the can with a car, though you would have to use only your arms to drive.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Does Minnesota have a professional hockey team?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Yes, the Minnesota Wild are the primary hockey team in Minnesota. They are 1 of 32 teams in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Minnesota Wild play in St. Paul, the capitol of Minnesota at the Excel Energy Center.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given a reference text about Qamus, when was it attacked and defeated?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nQamus (القموص) was one of the fortresses of the Jewish poet Al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq, and his Jewish tribe called Banu Nadir. The fortress was situated near Khaybar in what is now Saudi Arabia. The fortress was attacked by Muslim forces and defeated circa 629/30 CE. It was after this event that Muhammad married Safiyyah bint Huyayy. The Jewish presence in the region has been attested to the late seventh century who pioneered the cultivation in the area.\n\nIt has traditionally been identified with the remains of the Husn al-Qamus (Qamus Fortress) in the old Khaybar oasis, though there's no direct archaeological evidence for this.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Qamus was attacked and defeated by Muslim forced near the year 630 CE", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me which of these characters are in Disney or Dreamworks movies: Shrek, Simba, Lightning McQueen, Po.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Shrek is a Dreamworks character from the movie Shrek.\nSimba is a Disney character from the the movie The Lion King.\nLightning McQueen is a Disney character from the movie Cars.\nPo is a Dreamworks character from the the movie Kung Fu Panda.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the name of the curvy street in San Francisco?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Lombard Street in San Francisco is often referred to as the \"crookedest\" or most curvy street in the world.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Give me a list of data structures with O(1) access time", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1. Array\n2. Hash Table\n3. Stack\n4. Queue\n5. Linked List\n6. Dictionary Map", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What Breaking Bad actor guest starred on Season 6, Episode 2 \"Drive\" of The X-Files?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Bryan Cranston guest starred as Patrick Crump.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given a reference text about the Anglo-Spanish War, tell me what treaty marked the end of the war.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the Habsburg Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of England. It was never formally declared. The war included much English privateering against Spanish ships, and several widely separated battles. It began with England's military expedition in 1585 to what was then the Spanish Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester, in support of the Dutch rebellion against Spanish Habsburg rule.\n\nThe English enjoyed a victory at Cádiz in 1587, and repelled the Spanish Armada in 1588, but then suffered heavy setbacks: the English Armada (1589), the Drake–Hawkins expedition (1595), and the Essex–Raleigh expedition (1597). Three further Spanish armadas were sent against England and Ireland in 1596, 1597, and 1601, but these likewise ended in failure for Spain, mainly because of adverse weather.\n\nThe war became deadlocked around the turn of the 17th century during campaigns in the Netherlands, France, and Ireland. It was brought to an end with the Treaty of London (1604), negotiated between Philip III of Spain and the new king of England, James I. In the treaty, England and Spain agreed to cease their military interventions in the Spanish Netherlands and Ireland, respectively, and the English ended their high seas privateering.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Treaty of London marked the end of the Anglo-Spanish War.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Who are the Dawoodi Bohras?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Dawoodi Bohras are a modern religious group within the Ismaili Shia Sect of Shia Islam. They originate from Egypt tracing their lineage to The Fatimid Empire. Dawoodi Bohras are usually known for their trading policies, business acumen & entrepreneurship & believe in becoming Self-reliant. The word \"Bohra\" in Gujarati means \"to trade\" hence most of them prefers to do businesses & are quite involved in Software, Iron or Metal trading majorly.\n\nFrom a religious perspective, They usually follow seven pillars of Islam (Walayah, Taharah, Salat, Zakah, Sawm, Hajj & Jihad) instead of Five. They're also quite active in Muharram-al-Haram performing the Mourning of Husayn ibn Ali & Ahl-al-Bayt and the day of the Ashura. They have an annual event of \"Ashara Mubaraka\" where they gather from across the world at a chosen place to perform the Mourning & doing community services. They're also very active in Ramadan & other months to celebrate Eid-al-Fitr, Eid-al-Adha, Eid-al-Ghadir etc. \n\nAt present their current leader & Dai-al-Mutlaq is His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin who resides in Saifee Mahal, Mumbai, India. To know more about this community, I would suggest to read \"Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity among the Daudi Bohras\" by Jonah Blank published first in 2001.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "For following Apps in Apple Store, help me classify them into different categories, categories include Business, Developer Tools, Education, Games, Music. \nHere is the App list: Slack, Microsoft Excel, WPS Office, Apple Developer, Xcode, CodeRunner 4, Termius -SSH&SFTP client, Kahoot, Duolingo, Complete Anatomy 23, SimCity, Civilization VI, NBA 2k23, Angry Birds, GarageBand, Spotify, QQ Music", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here is the classification result based on the provided categories:\n\nFor Business: Slack, Microsoft Excel, WPS Office\nFor Developer Tools: Apple Developer, Xcode, CodeRunner 4, Termius -SSH&SFTP client\nFor Education: Kahoot, Duolingo, Complete Anatomy 23\nFor Games: SimCity, Civilization VI, NBA 2k23, Angry Birds\nFor Music: GarageBand, Spotify, QQ Music", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as food, company or both: apple, unilever, avon, mercedez, nestle, meat, rice, penny, pineapple, beans, dm, banana", "role": "user" }, { "content": "both, company, company, company, company, food, food, company, food, food, company, food", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the names of the first three songs from Edmond Leung's The Story of June?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Story of June is a Cantopop album by Edmond Leung.\n\nTrack listing:\nLove Blind (戀愛盲)\nElevator Men (電梯男)\nHey June\nDriven To Distraction (失魂落魄)\nDaydream (白日夢)\nRomantic (羅曼蒂克)\nY3\nGet Away with Miriam Yeung (滾)\nThe Aftermath (戰後餘生)\nThe Long Journey (路漫漫)\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Love Blind (戀愛盲)\nElevator Men (電梯男)\nHey June", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Tetra or Quart", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tetra", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Are these companies private or public", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tesla, Amazon, Uber, Microsoft, Facebook", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Khol, Mondol", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Mondol is string, Khol is percussion.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the least common birthday in the US other than Feb 29?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nIn the United States between 1973 and 1999, September 16 is the most common birthday in the United States and December 25 the least common birthday (other than February 29, because of leap years). In 2011, October 5 and 6 were reported as the most frequently occurring birthdays.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The least common birthday in the United States between 1973 and 1999, excluding February 29, is December 25.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given this reference text about Husinec, what was the highest temperature reached in Fahrenheit?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHusinec is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Prague. It lies in the Prague Plateau. It it situated in a meander of the Vltava River, partly in the valley of the river and partly on a promontory above the valley.\n\nThe municipality is known for high average temperatures, which are caused by the specific relief of the landscape and the natural conditions of the river valley. Drought-tolerant and heat-tolerant plants typical of subtropical climates thrive here. On 19 June 2022, the highest June temperature in the Czech Republic was recorded here, namely 39.0 °C (102.2 °F).\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "102.2 degrees Fahrenheit", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me if the following countries are in Europe or in Africa: Portugal, Italy, Burkina Faso, Rwanda, Germany, Sweden, Spain", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Portugal, Italy, Germany, Sweden and Spain are located in Europe.\nBurkina Faso and Rwanda are located in Africa.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Give me a bulleted list of the last 10 UK Prime Ministers", "role": "user" }, { "content": "- Rishi Sunak\n- Liz Truss\n- Boris Johnson\n- Theresa May\n- David Cameron\n- Gordon Brown\n- Tony Blair\n- John Major\n- Margaret Thatcher\n- James Callaghan", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "When did the new building open?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe new building opened on November 13, 2001, with a dedication ceremony held on November 17. The opening of the Fairview branch marked the first of many mixed use buildings in the county system. The library, with a floor area of 4,000 square feet (370 m2), is on the ground floor, and four apartments are on the upper floor.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The new building opened on November 13, 2001.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me whether these sports use a ball or not: golf, gymnastics, boxing, soccer, football, wrestling", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Golf: Ball\nGymnastics: No Ball\nBoxing: No Ball\nSoccer: Ball\nFootball: Ball\nWrestling: No Ball", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which is a species of fish? Hoki or Loki", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Hoki", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the benefits of a carbon-fiber paddle for whitewater kayaking?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In addition to the reduced weight, carbon fiber paddles are a bit more rigid than the traditional fiberglass and resin paddles frequently used by whitewater paddlers. This extra rigidity allows more of the energy exerted by the paddler to be transferred to the blades. The result is faster turns and greater agility, all things any paddler needs when navigating more technical stretches of the river.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Suggest a vacation trip for a couple based in California who love spending time outdoors", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The American west is home to spectacular national parks. The national parks in California, Utah and Arizona are unique in their variety of landscapes and ecology. One possible trip is to Yosemite, Sequoia and Death Valley National Parks. All of these parks provide a range of options for people of varying abilities. For the hardcore hikers a multi-day backpacking trip along the John Muir trip would take them through some of the most scenic mountain terrain in the country. Day hikers have dozens of shorter trails to choose from in each park. One point to keep in mind is that Death Valley would be uncomfortably hot in the summer months - May through September.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the current f1 teams?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The current 10 Formula 1 teams are Red Bull Racing, Aston Martin Aramco, Mercedes-AMG PETRONAS, Scuderia Ferrari, McLaren, BWT Alpine, MoneyGram Haas, Alfa Romeo, Scuderia AlphaTauri, Williams", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Based on this text, what average temperature in degree celsius can I expect in April in Germany?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nFrom February 2019 – 2020, average monthly temperatures in Germany ranged from a low of 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) in January 2020 to a high of 19.8 °C (67.6 °F) in June 2019. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 30 litres per square metre in February and April 2019 to 125 litres per square metre in February 2020. Average monthly hours of sunshine ranged from 45 in November 2019 to 300 in June 2019.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The average temperature in April in Germany is 13.2 °C.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is Gingham fabric?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nGingham, also called Vichy check, is a medium-weight balanced plain-woven fabric typically with striped, check or plaid duotone patterns, in bright colour and in white made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarns. It is made of carded, medium or fine yarns.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Gingham, is a fabric typically with striped, check or plaid duotone patterns, made from dyed cotton or cotton-blend yarns. ", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Extract all the years mentioned in this text, separated by a comma\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first humans on the Moon from 1968 to 1972. It was first conceived in 1960 during President Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-person spacecraft to follow the one-person Project Mercury, which put the first Americans in space. Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal for the 1960s of \"landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth\" in an address to Congress on May 25, 1961. It was the third US human spaceflight program to fly, preceded by the two-person Project Gemini conceived in 1961 to extend spaceflight capability in support of Apollo.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "1968,1972,1960,1961", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Where did peanut butter and jelly sandwiches originate?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe first known reference for a peanut butter and jelly sandwich appeared in the Boston Cooking School Magazine in 1901; it called for \"three very thin layers of bread and two of filling, one of peanut paste, whatever brand you prefer, and currant or crabapple jelly for the other\", and called it as \"so far as I know original\".\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "In 1901, the Boston Cooking School Magazine published the first known reference for a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. This magazine article called for \"three very thin layers of bread and two of filling, one of peanut paste, whatever brand you prefer, and currant or crabapple jelly for the other.\"", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "You, a commercial gym supervisor, are supervising the resistance training area when you hear a lot of clanging noise by the seated leg press machine. You observe a participant not controlling the descent of the weights. You suggest he slowly return the weights rather than letting them drop quickly. A day or two later, he reports that he felt more sore than usual after that workout. What accounts for this? Is it safe for him to exercise today?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "He is feeling more sore than usual because likely the weight was too heavy for him, and he was not able to control the descent of the weights properly, leading him to overexert himself in the exercise. He may want to rest a bit longer before returning to workout as normal, as he does not want to injure himself in the long run. In the process of not performing the seated leg press as he should (in a safe manner), he risks overusing his muscles, and maybe even tearing a muscle or ligament in the long run.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Name some popular American wine brands.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Josh, E&J Gallo, Justin, Chateau Ste. Michelle, Little Penguin, Franzia, Sutter Home", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What are the best tips for professional Safari photography ?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "-Patience is key, while most animals have predictable migratory patterns, a number of factors can occur to disrupt that. If you are in a vehicle, try driving around and finding other spots. \n-Carry at least 2 cameras, one with a wide angle lens and one with telephoto lens. As you won’t have time to swap out lenses as different animals move around you. \n-Gear can be very heavy, so don’t bring too large a telephoto lens, as shooting from a vehicle can be challenging. \n-Be conscious of your surroundings, don’t be too distracted as you are still in an active environment and animals can react to you.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Tell me about the Mughal Empire?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what is today Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires, to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of North India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar. This imperial structure lasted until 1720, shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb, during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently to the region in and around Old Delhi by 1760, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What should you do in a zombie apocalypse?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Here are a few things you could do to stay safe in a zombie apocalypse:\n1. Get a weapon\n2. Grab a bunch of food\n3. Get away from other people\n4. Find a safe shelter", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Meiolania, Tiger", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Tiger is alive, Meiolania is extinct.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as moving horizontally or vertically: Elevator, sky diver, guillotine, car, rocket launch, boat", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Elevator: Vertically\nSky Diver: Vertically\nGuillotine: Vertically\nCar: Horizontally\nRocket Launch: Vertically\nBoat: Horizontally", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "How many inhabitants of Lone Pine survived as a result of the earthquake? Tell me how you came to that conclusion.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe earthquake occurred on a Tuesday morning and leveled almost all the buildings in Lone Pine and nearby settlements. Of the estimated 250–300 inhabitants of Lone Pine, 27 are known to have perished and 52 of the 59 houses were destroyed. One report states that the main buildings were thrown down in almost every town in Inyo County. About 130 kilometers (81 mi) south of Lone Pine, at Indian Wells, adobe houses sustained cracks. Property loss has been estimated at $250,000 (equivalent to $5,654,861 in 2021). As in many earthquakes, adobe, stone and masonry structures fared worse than wooden ones which prompted the closing of nearby Camp Independence which was an adobe structure destroyed in the quake.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "It is estimated that between 223 and 273 inhabitants of Lone Pine survived the earthquake.\n\nThe passage shows that there was \"an estimated 250–300 inhabitants of Lone Pine\" and that \"27 are known to have perished\". If we subtract 27 from 250, you get 223, and if we subtract 27 from 300, we get 273. Therefore, it can be estimated that the number of inhabitants that survived the earthquake is between 223 and 273.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the job of Army Rangers?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The 75th Ranger Regiment, also known as Army Rangers, is the U.S. Army's premier light infantry unit and special operations force within the United States Army Special Operations Command. The regiment is headquartered at Fort Benning, Georgia and is composed of a regimental headquarters company, a military intelligence battalion, a special troops battalion, and three Ranger battalions.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "When was the Indian National Flag adopted", "role": "user" }, { "content": "22nd July 1947", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Given this mechanism that the Tesla Model Y car uses to heat the interior cabin, what are some pros and cons of this design?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nThe Model Y is Tesla's first car to use a heat pump instead of electric resistance for interior cabin heating. Some electric vehicles from other manufacturers, including the Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe, BMW i3 EV, Jaguar I-Pace, Audi e-tron, and Kia Niro, had already implemented heat pumps. In cold weather, the Model Y heat pump can be up to 300% more efficient than other Tesla cars' use of electric resistance heating. Because of this, the Model Y should be more energy efficient than other Tesla cars in cold weather. Electric cars can lose 40% or more of their range in cold weather (at ambient temperatures below 20 °F (−7 °C)) when heating the interior cabin.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The heat pump in the Tesla Model Y runs the same heating operations as other cars but much more efficiently, significantly increasing driving range for the same battery size. Most other cars use electric resistance heating which consumes much more energy to perform the same job.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Extract from the text the method encouraged to use in Apache Spark.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nApache Spark has its architectural foundation in the resilient distributed dataset (RDD), a read-only multiset of data items distributed over a cluster of machines, that is maintained in a fault-tolerant way. The Dataframe API was released as an abstraction on top of the RDD, followed by the Dataset API. In Spark 1.x, the RDD was the primary application programming interface (API), but as of Spark 2.x use of the Dataset API is encouraged even though the RDD API is not deprecated. The RDD technology still underlies the Dataset API.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Dataset API", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Is the following statement true or false: the earth is the third planet from the sun?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system, so the statement is true.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Why is pricing important in the overall strategy of a product?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "When different profit levers like price, variable cost, fixed cost, volume of goods sold are compared, studies show that a 1% improvement in price can create the maximum operating profit improvement of 11.5% compared to only 2.3% through fixed costs. This goes to show that pricing can have a monumental impact on the bottom line. \n\nThis can be achieved by understanding different pricing strategies and how they can be executed through pricing tactics. The different pricing strategy includes using - 1. Cost-side factors (like fixed, variable costs, incremental break-even analysis); 2. Customer-side factors (like Economic Value Analysis (EVA); Price Elasticity of Demand; Measuring willingness to pay) 3. Competitive environment factors. \n\nBased on the business context, these strategies can be implemented with tacts like price discrimination (e.g., bundling); non-linear pricing; price promotions (e.g., hi-lo pricing); and most of all understanding consumer psychology with respect to pricing (anchoring effect, decoy pricing, compromise effect, charm pricing, etc).", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is the difference between a guitar and a ukulele?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "While a ukulele might be thought of as a small guitar, there are actually numerous differences between the two instruments:\n1. A ukulele has 4 strings while a guitar has 6 strings or sometimes 12\n2. A ukulele's 4 strings are tuned differently from any consecutive series of a guitar's 4 strings", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "What is Dividend?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "If a company has profits to share out, it can pay a dividend. The shareholders get so much\ndividend for each share they own.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Why is it important to be passionate about one's choice of career?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Passion is infectious. When you show passion in what you do, it rubs off on others around you, and brings out their best. If you like what you do, it is easy to get up every morning and go to work. Conversely, if you intentionally pick your career mostly for the money, it gets old pretty soon. Finally, if you do not love what you do, it is unlikely that you will stick to it for long. Burn out rates are high in high stress careers.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Extract all the names of people from this article about Robert Ball.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHe was born at Queenstown, County Cork. He was the third child of Bob Stawell Ball, a customs official, and Mary Ball (née Green). The Ball family lived in Youghal, County Cork. Robert had two sisters who shared his interest in nature, Anne, a well-known phycologist, and Mary, an entomologist. He also had a brother, Bent (7 March 1806 - 19 May 1860), who did not appear to pursue any interest in these fields. He initially attended a school Clonakilty, before attending a Quaker school in Ballitore, County Kildare where his interest for natural history was developed with encouragement from his schoolmaster James White. He returned to Youghal in 1824 to take up a post as a magistrate which involved travel and was sometimes dangerous, even escaping an assassination attempt, but aided his natural history specimen collecting. He left Youghal for Dublin in 1827, and as he was unable to afford medical studies he worked for 20 years in the civil service, firstly as clerk in the Constabulary and Yeomanry Office, Dublin, and later assistant librarian and keeper of records at the same. He considered the work as \"soul-subduing slavery\" and pursued his natural history interests, actively associating with the local scientific circles. Ball left the civil service in 1852 with a small pension, as it was deemed he spent too much of his time on scientific pursuits than was suitable for a public servant. He went on natural history excursions with William Todhunter, William Thompson, Robert Patterson, George Hyndman, and Edward Forbes apart from travels to museums in Paris and meetings in Great Britain.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Bob Stawell Ball, Mary Ball, Robert Ball, Anne Ball, Mary Ball, Bent Ball, James White, William Todhunter, William Thompson, Robert Patterson, George Hyndman, Edward Forbes", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Wasp, Bumblebee", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Wasp is Marvel, Bumblebee is DC", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Which 3 mens tennis players have the most grand slam singles championships?", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, and Roger Federer have the most grand slam singles championships.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Based on the reference text, provide a bulleted list summarizing Newton's three laws of motion\n\nText: \"\"\"\nFirst\nTranslated from the Latin, Newton's first law reads,\n\nEvery body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.: 114 \nNewton's first law expresses the principle of inertia: the natural behavior of a body is to move in a straight line at constant speed. In the absence of outside influences, a body's motion preserves the status quo.\n\nThe modern understanding of Newton's first law is that no inertial observer is privileged over any other. The concept of an inertial observer makes quantitative the everyday idea of feeling no effects of motion. For example, a person standing on the ground watching a train go past is an inertial observer. If the observer on the ground sees the train moving smoothly in a straight line at a constant speed, then a passenger sitting on the train will also be an inertial observer: the train passenger feels no motion. The principle expressed by Newton's first law is that there is no way to say which inertial observer is \"really\" moving and which is \"really\" standing still. One observer's state of rest is another observer's state of uniform motion in a straight line, and no experiment can deem either point of view to be correct or incorrect. There is no absolute standard of rest.[note 4]\n\nSecond\nThe change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed; and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed.: 114 \nBy \"motion\", Newton meant the quantity now called momentum, which depends upon the amount of matter contained in a body, the speed at which that body is moving, and the direction in which it is moving. In modern notation, the momentum of a body is the product of its mass and its velocity:\n\nNewton's second law, in modern form, states that the time derivative of the momentum is the force:\nIf the mass m does not change with time, then the derivative acts only upon the velocity, and so the force equals the product of the mass and the time derivative of the velocity, which is the acceleration:\nAs the acceleration is the second derivative of position with respect to time, this can also be written.\n\nThe forces acting on a body add as vectors, and so the total force on a body depends upon both the magnitudes and the directions of the individual forces. When the net force on a body is equal to zero, then by Newton's second law, the body does not accelerate, and it is said to be in mechanical equilibrium. A state of mechanical equilibrium is stable if, when the position of the body is changed slightly, the body remains near that equilibrium. Otherwise, the equilibrium is unstable.\n\nA common visual representation of forces acting in concert is the free body diagram, which schematically portrays a body of interest and the forces applied to it by outside influences. For example, a free body diagram of a block sitting upon an inclined plane can illustrate the combination of gravitational force, \"normal\" force, friction, and string tension.[note 5]\n\nNewton's second law is sometimes presented as a definition of force, i.e., a force is that which exists when an inertial observer sees a body accelerating. In order for this to be more than a tautology — acceleration implies force, force implies acceleration — some other statement about force must also be made. For example, an equation detailing the force might be specified, like Newton's law of universal gravitation. By inserting such an expression for \n into Newton's second law, an equation with predictive power can be written.[note 6] Newton's second law has also been regarded as setting out a research program for physics, establishing that important goals of the subject are to identify the forces present in nature and to catalogue the constituents of matter.[note 7]\n\nThird\nTo every action, there is always opposed an equal reaction; or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts.: 116 \n\nOverly brief paraphrases of the third law, like \"action equals reaction\" might have caused confusion among generations of students: the \"action\" and \"reaction\" apply to different bodies. For example, consider a book at rest on a table. The Earth's gravity pulls down upon the book. The \"reaction\" to that \"action\" is not the support force from the table holding up the book, but the gravitational pull of the book acting on the Earth.[note 8]\n\nNewton's third law relates to a more fundamental principle, the conservation of momentum. The latter remains true even in cases where Newton's statement does not, for instance when force fields as well as material bodies carry momentum, and when momentum is defined properly, in quantum mechanics as well.[note 9]\nBy Newton's second law, the first term is the total force upon the first body, and the second term is the total force upon the second body. If the two bodies are isolated from outside influences, the only force upon the first body can be that from the second, and vice versa. By Newton's third law, these forces have equal magnitude but opposite direction, so they cancel when added, and \n→{\\vec {p}} is constant. Alternatively, if \n→{\\vec {p}} is known to be constant, it follows that the forces have equal magnitude and opposite direction.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The following is a summary of Newton's three laws of motion:\n1. First Law: A body remains at rest, or in motion at constant speed, unless acted upon by a force.\n2. Second Law: The change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed on the object.\n3. Third Law: To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Classify each of the following as either a home audio device, a piece of furniture, or neither. \n\nRecord player, subwoofer, coffee table, computer monitor, foam roller, speaker.", "role": "user" }, { "content": "The record player, subwoofer, and speaker are all home audio devices. A coffee table is a piece of furniture. The computer monitor and foam roller are neither a home audio device nor pieces of furniture.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "Summarize this text about House of the Dragon?\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHouse of the Dragon is an American fantasy drama television series created by George R. R. Martin and Ryan Condal for HBO. A prequel to Game of Thrones (2011–2019), it is the second television series in the A Song of Ice and Fire franchise. Condal and Miguel Sapochnik served as the showrunners for the first season. Based on Martin's 2018 novel Fire & Blood, the series is set about 100 years after the Seven Kingdoms are united by the Targaryen Conquest, nearly 200 years before the events of Game of Thrones, and 172 years before the birth of Daenerys Targaryen. Featuring an ensemble cast, the show portrays the events leading up to the beginning of the decline of House Targaryen, a devastating war of succession known as the \"Dance of the Dragons\".\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "House of the Dragon is a prequel to Game of Thrones. It is the second television series in the A Song of Ice and Fire franchise . Based on George R. R. Martin's 2018 novel Fire & Blood, the series is set about 100 years after the Seven Kingdoms are united by the Targaryen Conquest.", "role": "assistant" } ]

[ { "content": "From the passage name the parents of Hades. Display the results in a comma separated format.\n\nText: \"\"\"\nHades (ᾍδης, Háidēs)/Pluto (Πλούτων, Ploutōn)\n\nKing of the underworld and the dead. He is also a god of wealth. His consort is Persephone. His attributes are the drinking horn or cornucopia, key, sceptre, and the three-headed dog Cerberus. His sacred animals include the screech owl. He was one of three sons of Cronus and Rhea, and thus sovereign over one of the three realms of the universe, the underworld. As a chthonic god, however, his place among the Olympians is ambiguous. In the mystery religions and Athenian literature, Plouton (\"the Rich one\") was his preferred name, because of the idea that all riches came from the earth. The term Hades was used in this literature to refer to the underworld itself. The Romans translated Plouton as Dis Pater (\"the Rich Father\") or Pluto.\"\"\"", "role": "user" }, { "content": "Cronus, Rhea", "role": "assistant" } ]