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The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church. 7

['QSN On what date did the peace conference on Staten Island occur? ANS September 11, 1776', 'QSN Who was the British representative at the Conference House meeting? ANS Lord Howe', 'QSN What notable catastrophe took place under the British occupation? ANS Great Fire of New York', 'QSN In what modern-day borough did the Great Fire happen? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN What noted religious building was destroyed in the Great Fire? ANS Trinity Church', 'QSN Who was the English general who met with Benjamin Franklin on Septermber 11, 1776? ANS Lord Howe', 'QSN Which natural disaster happened after English occupation of Lower Manhattan? ANS the Great Fire of New York']

In 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York the national capital shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time, and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on Wall Street. By 1790, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States. 9

['QSN In what year did New York become the United States capital? ANS 1785', "QSN Who was the United States' first President? ANS George Washington", 'QSN In what building did the Supreme Court of the United States first sit? ANS Federal Hall', 'QSN On what street did the writing of the Bill of Rights occur? ANS Wall Street', 'QSN What was the second largest city in the United States in 1790? ANS Philadelphia', 'QSN Which organization made New York the national capital in 1785? ANS Congress of the Confederation', 'QSN New York City became the first what under the new Constitution of the United States? ANS capital', 'QSN The first president, George Washington, took office in what year? ANS 1789', 'QSN By which year, did New York City become the largest city in the United States? ANS 1790']

Under New York State's gradual abolition act of 1799, children of slave mothers were born to be eventually liberated but were held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties. Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-black population gradually developed in Manhattan. Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children. It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state, and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination. New York interracial abolitionist activism continued; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School. The city's black population reached more than 16,000 in 1840. 7

['QSN In what year did the state of New York pass a law to free the slaves? ANS 1799', 'QSN What borough was home to a notable population of free African-Americans? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN Along with John Jay, who founded the New York Manumission Society? ANS Alexander Hamilton', 'QSN In what year did the state of New York eliminate slavery? ANS 1827', 'QSN In 1840, about how many African-Americans lived in New York City? ANS 16,000', 'QSN The gradual abolition act in New York was formed in what year? ANS 1799', 'QSN When was slavery completely outlawed in the state of New York? ANS 1827']

In the 19th century, the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a trading center, as well as by European immigration. The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes. Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants. 5

["QSN What plan of 1811 spread a grid of streets across Manhattan? ANS Commissioners' Plan", 'QSN In what year did the Erie Canal finish building? ANS 1825', 'QSN What political machine controlled New York politics in this era? ANS Tammany Hall', 'QSN Along with German immigrants, immigrants of what nationality supported Tammany Hall? ANS Irish', 'QSN The Erie Canal was finished being built in what year? ANS 1825']

Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the contemporaneous business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city. 3

['QSN What was the name of the first urban landscaped park in the United States? ANS Central Park', 'QSN In what year was Central Park founded? ANS 1857', 'QSN Central park, in 1857, became the first park in America to become what? ANS first landscaped']

The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860. 7

['QSN What event brought many Irish immigrants to the United States? ANS Great Irish Famine', 'QSN In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York? ANS 200,000', 'QSN In 1860, what fraction of the city population was composed of Irish immigrants? ANS a quarter', 'QSN In 1860, what percentage of the city population was composed of German immigrants? ANS 25%', 'QSN What events provoked the immigration of people from Germany? ANS revolutions', 'QSN Which event brought upon a lot of Irish immigrants to NYC? ANS Great Irish Famine', 'QSN How many immigrants that were Irish were living in New York in 1860? ANS Over 200,000']

Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on. Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to pay a $300 (equivalent to $5,766 in 2016) commutation fee to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class. The situation deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and blacks for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, but more than 200 children escaped harm due to efforts of the New York City Police Department, which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants. According to historian James M. McPherson (2001), at least 120 people were killed. In all, eleven black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city for Williamsburg, Brooklyn, as well as New Jersey; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865, which it had last been in 1820. The white working class had established dominance. Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history. 6

['QSN Who was the mayor of New York City in 1861? ANS Fernando Wood', 'QSN What was the commutation fee to avoid being conscripted during the American Civil War? ANS $300', 'QSN People of what ethnicity most visibly participated in the Draft Riots of 1863? ANS Irish', 'QSN About how many people died during the Draft Riots of 1863? ANS 120', 'QSN What was the approximate African-American population of New York City in 1865? ANS 10,000', 'QSN The Draft Riots caused which building to burn down in 1863? ANS Colored Orphan Asylum']

In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. 4

['QSN In what year was the modern City of New York founded? ANS 1898', 'QSN In what year did the subway begin operation? ANS 1904', 'QSN Portions of what modern-day borough were included in the County of New York? ANS the Bronx', 'QSN The subway of New York was first available in what year? ANS 1904']

In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards. 6

['QSN In what year did the General Slocum disaster occur? ANS 1904', 'QSN How many people died on the General Slocum? ANS 1,021', "QSN In what building did the city's deadliest industrial disaster occur? ANS Triangle Shirtwaist Factory", 'QSN How many people died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? ANS 146', "QSN The growth of what organization was prompted by the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? ANS International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union", 'QSN A catastrophe in 1911 that killed 146 workers was called what? ANS Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire']

New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City was a prime destination in the early twentieth century for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition. The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height and creating an identifiable skyline. 3

['QSN How many non-white people lived in New York in 1890? ANS 36,620', 'QSN What was the name of the Prohibition-era African-American cultural flourishing in New York? ANS Harlem Renaissance', 'QSN What was the population of people in New York that were not Caucasian in 1890? ANS 36,620']

New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance. 5

['QSN In the early 1920s, what was the second most highly populated city in the world? ANS London', 'QSN What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million? ANS megacity', 'QSN Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression? ANS Fiorello La Guardia', 'QSN For about how many years did Tammany Hall control New York political life? ANS eighty', 'QSN In the 1930s, New York City had more than 10 million people becoming the first what in history? ANS megacity']

Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world. 4

['QSN When was construction finished on the United Nations Headquarters? ANS 1952', 'QSN Prior to New York, what city was the center of the world of art? ANS Paris', 'QSN What artistic movement caused New York to overtake Paris as the global art center? ANS abstract expressionism', 'QSN The headquarters what organization was done being build in 1952 in New York? ANS United Nations']

The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States. 6

['QSN The Stonewall riots are named after what building? ANS the Stonewall Inn', 'QSN In what neighborhood did the Stonewall riots occur? ANS Greenwich Village', 'QSN On what date did the Stonewall riots take place? ANS June 28, 1969', 'QSN In what borough did the Stonewall riots happen? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN What event provoked the Stonewall riots? ANS a police raid', 'QSN Where did the Stonewall riots happen? ANS Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan']

In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates. While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s. By the mid 1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city's economy. New York's population reached all-time highs in the 2000 Census and then again in the 2010 Census. 6

['QSN In what year did the population of New York first reach an all-time high in this period? ANS 2000', 'QSN In what year did the population of New York reach an all-time high for the second time in this period? ANS 2010', 'QSN What was the name of a new sector of the New York economy that appeared in the 1990s? ANS Silicon Alley', 'QSN In what decade did the crime rate drop significantly? ANS 1990s', 'QSN In what decade was there a significant decline in industrial jobs? ANS 1970s', 'QSN Which decade did massive job losses happen in NYC due to industrial issues? ANS 1970s']

The city and surrounding area suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of the 19 terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and later destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area. The rebuilding of the area, has created a new One World Trade Center, and a 9/11 memorial and museum along with other new buildings and infrastructure. The World Trade Center PATH station, which opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attack. A temporary station was built and opened on November 23, 2003. A permanent station, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, is currently under construction. The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and the fourth-tallest building in the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m) in reference to the year of American independence. 8

["QSN What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's North Tower on September 11, 2001? ANS American Airlines Flight 11", "QSN What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's South Tower on September 11, 2001? ANS United Airlines Flight 175", 'QSN How many firefighters died in the World Trade Center attack? ANS 343', 'QSN On what date did the World Trade Center PATH begin operation? ANS July 19, 1909', 'QSN How tall is One World Trade Center in meters? ANS 541.3', 'QSN The Hudson Terminal which was also demolished was build in what year? ANS 1909', 'QSN How many leader terrorists of Al Quada were involved with the 9/11 attacks directly that day? ANS 10', 'QSN What was the plane named that crashed into the World Trade Center? ANS American Airlines Flight 11']

The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and spawning the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide. 5

['QSN On what date did the Occupy Wall Street protests commence? ANS September 17, 2011', 'QSN In what park did the Occupy Wall Street protests occur? ANS Zuccotti Park', 'QSN In what borough did the Occupy Wall Street protests take place? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN In what district of Manhattan were the Occupy Wall Street protests? ANS Financial District', 'QSN The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date? ANS September 17, 2011']

When one Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 election ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" in January 2016, Donald Trump, leading in the polls, vigorously defended his city. The National Review, a conservative magazine published in the city since its founding by William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1955, commented, "By hearkening back to New York's heart after 9/11, for a moment Trump transcended politics. How easily we forget, but for weeks after the terror attacks, New York was America." 4

['QSN What individual established the National Review? ANS William F. Buckley, Jr.', 'QSN In what year was the National Review founded? ANS 1955', 'QSN What public figure defended New York in January 2016? ANS Donald Trump', 'QSN A presidential candidate from what party derided the city for its liberalism? ANS Republican']

New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island. 8

['QSN In what geographical region of the United States is New York City located? ANS Northeastern', 'QSN In what geographical region of New York state is New York City located? ANS southeastern', 'QSN New York City is about half the distance between Washington DC and what city? ANS Boston', 'QSN New York City is adjacent to what ocean? ANS Atlantic', 'QSN What river is New York City located on? ANS Hudson River', 'QSN New York City is at the base of which American river? ANS Hudson', 'QSN The Hudson River flows into which body of water? ANS Atlantic Ocean', 'QSN The three islands that make up New York city are named what? ANS Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.']

The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city. 8

['QSN The Hudson River serves as a dividing line between New York and what state? ANS New Jersey', 'QSN What river flows between the Hudson and East Rivers? ANS Harlem River', "QSN What is the city's sole fresh water river? ANS Bronx River", 'QSN Into what body of water does the Hudson River terminate? ANS New York Bay', 'QSN Between New York City and what city is the Hudson River an estuary? ANS Troy, New York', 'QSN The Hudson River separates NYC from which US state? ANS New Jersey', 'QSN The single only freshwater river in NYC is what river? ANS The Bronx River', 'QSN Which river seperates The Bronx from Manhatten? ANS The Harlem River']

The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan. 1

['QSN What Manhattan development is the product of land reclamation? ANS Battery Park City']

The city's total area is 468.9 square miles (1,214 km2). 164.1 sq mi (425 km2) of this is water and 304.8 sq mi (789 km2) is land. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine. The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt. 10

['QSN What is the total area of New York City in square miles? ANS 468.9', "QSN In square miles, how much of the city's total area is composed of water? ANS 164.1", "QSN In square miles, how much of the city's total area is land? ANS 304.8", "QSN What is the name of New York City's highest point? ANS Todt Hill", "QSN On what island is New York City's highest point located? ANS Staten Island", 'QSN How many square miles in NYC? ANS 468.9', 'QSN How many square miles are water in NYC? ANS 164.1', 'QSN How many square miles are land in NYC? ANS 304.8', 'QSN The highest peak in the city is what location? ANS Todt Hill', 'QSN How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil? ANS 409.8']

New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world. 6

['QSN What structure is an example of saltbox architecture? ANS Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House', 'QSN In what borough is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located? ANS Brooklyn', 'QSN What building is the priciest office tower in the world? ANS One World Trade Center', 'QSN In what borough is One World Trade Center located? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN In what year did construction on the oldest part of Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House begin? ANS 1656', 'QSN The most expensive office tower built in the world today is what? ANS One World Trade Center']

Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, both second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing. 7

['QSN How many high-rises were present in New York City in 2011? ANS 5,937', 'QSN What city has the most high-rise buildings in the world? ANS Hong Kong', 'QSN How many structures in New York City are over 100m tall? ANS 550', 'QSN In what year was the Woolworth Building completed? ANS 1913', 'QSN How many buildings in New York City are over 200m high? ANS 50', 'QSN NYC has the highest quantity of skyscrapers after which other world city? ANS Hong Kong', 'QSN How many buildings located in NYC are at least 330 feet in height? ANS 550']

The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements. The buildings have distinctive ornamentation, such as the eagles at the corners of the 61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style. A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure. The Condé Nast Building (2000) is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers and has received an award from the American Institute of Architects as well as AIA New York State for its design. 8

['QSN In what year was the Empire State Building completed? ANS 1931', 'QSN The Chrysler Building reflects what architectural style? ANS Art Deco', 'QSN What floor of the Chrysler Building has sculptures of eagles at its corners? ANS 61st', 'QSN What building known for its bronze-tinted I-beams was completed in 1957? ANS Seagram Building', 'QSN What is the full name of the organization known by the acronym AIA? ANS American Institute of Architects', 'QSN Which animal decorates the corners of the Chrysler Building? ANS eagles', 'QSN When was the Empire State Building constructed? ANS 1931', 'QSN When was the Chrysler building built in NYC? ANS 1930']

The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian. 6

['QSN In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located? ANS the Bronx', 'QSN In what borough is the Ditmas Park neighborhood located? ANS Brooklyn', 'QSN In what borough is the Douglaston neighborhood located? ANS Queens', 'QSN Brownstone rowhouse construction is most often associated with the period beginning in 1870 and ending in what year? ANS 1930', 'QSN Along with Tudor Revival, what is a common architectural style of single-family houses in New York? ANS Victorian', 'QSN What type of housing structure makes up most of the large residential districts of NYC? ANS brownstone rowhouses']

Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835. A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the wooden roof-mounted water towers. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as Jackson Heights. 5

['QSN What event led to the decline in wooden construction in New York City? ANS the Great Fire of 1835', 'QSN In the 19th century, New York city required water towers in the roofs of buildings that were more than how many stories tall? ANS six', 'QSN What area was known for its garden apartments? ANS Jackson Heights', 'QSN After the Great Fire of 1835, what became the most widespread building materials? ANS Stone and brick', "QSN To prevent high water pressures at lower elevations what were built on many of the city's buildings? ANS wooden roof-mounted water towers"]

According to the United States Geological Survey, an updated analysis of seismic hazard in July 2014 revealed a "slightly lower hazard for tall buildings" in New York City than previously assessed. Scientists estimated this lessened risk based upon a lower likelihood than previously thought of slow shaking near the city, which would be more likely to cause damage to taller structures from an earthquake in the vicinity of the city. 1

['QSN When did the United States Geological Survey released its seismic hazard analysis? ANS July 2014']

There are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States. 3

["QSN How many of New York's boroughs would be counted among the United States' ten most populated cities if they were independent? ANS four", 'QSN How many boroughs does New York City have? ANS five', 'QSN Which four boroughs of NYC would be among the the most populous cities in the US if they were independent cities? ANS Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx']

Under the Köppen climate classification, using the 0 °C (32 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, New York City itself experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization. The suburbs to the immediate north and west lie in the transition zone from a humid subtropical (Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Dfa). The area averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually, and averages 57% of possible sunshine annually, accumulating 2,535 hours of sunshine per annum. The city falls under USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone. 8

["QSN What is the name of New York City's climate using the Köppen climate classification? ANS humid subtropical", 'QSN How many sunny days does New York average each year? ANS 234', 'QSN How many hours of sunshine does New York receive every year? ANS 2,535', 'QSN The suburbs of the city lie between the humid subtropical and what other climate zone? ANS humid continental', 'QSN What month in New York City is the coldest? ANS January', 'QSN What type of climate does NYC possess? ANS humid subtropical', 'QSN How many days on average does NYC get sunshine annually? ANS 234', 'QSN What planting zone does the city land in? ANS USDA 7b']

Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 32.6 °F (0.3 °C); however, temperatures usually drop to 10 °F (−12 °C) several times per winter, and reach 50 °F (10 °C) several days each winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 76.5 °F (24.7 °C) in July and an average humidity level of 72%. Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, while daytime temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed 100 °F (38 °C). In the warmer months, the dew point, a measure of atmospheric moisture, ranges from 57.3 °F (14.1 °C) in June to 62.0 °F (16.7 °C) in August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −15 °F (−26 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936. 8

['QSN What mountains serve as a barrier to keep New York City comparatively warmer in the winter? ANS Appalachians', "QSN What is New York City's daily January mean temperature in degrees celsius? ANS 0.3", 'QSN What is the average humidity in July as a percentage? ANS 72%', 'QSN On average, how often do New York temperatures exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit each year? ANS 17', 'QSN On what date did New York record its highest temperature ever? ANS July 9, 1936', 'QSN What is the highest temperature recorded in NYC? ANS 106', 'QSN When was the lowest temperature recorded in NYC? ANS 1934', 'QSN The highest temperature ever recorded in NYC was in what year? ANS 1936']

The city receives 49.9 inches (1,270 mm) of precipitation annually, which is fairly spread throughout the year. Average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010 has been 25.8 inches (66 cm), but this varies considerably from year to year. Hurricanes and tropical storms are rare in the New York area, but are not unheard of and always have the potential to strike the area. Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive storm surge to New York City on the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs. The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the city and the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future. 6

['QSN In millimeters, how much precipitation does New York receive a year? ANS 1,270', 'QSN In centimeters, what is the average winter snowfall? ANS 66', 'QSN When did Hurricane Sandy strike New York? ANS October 29, 2012', 'QSN How many inches of precipitation does NYC get in a year? ANS 49.9', 'QSN Which natural disaster occurred on October 29, 2012 in NYC? ANS Hurricane Sandy', 'QSN The mean snowfall between 1981 and 2010 in NYC has been how many inches? ANS 25.8']

The City of New York has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the National Park Service, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 3

['QSN What is the name of the New York City department that operates the park system? ANS New York City Department of Parks and Recreation', 'QSN What is the state office that operates New York City parks? ANS New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation', 'QSN What federal service operates New York City parks? ANS National Park Service']

In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in New York City was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities, behind the park system of Minneapolis. ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of city residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents. 3

['QSN What city was rated as having the best park system by The Trust for Public Land? ANS Minneapolis', 'QSN What city had the second highest ParkScore rating? ANS New York City', 'QSN The 2013 ParkScore rating for NYC made NYC second in best park system to what other US city? ANS Minneapolis']

Gateway National Recreation Area contains over 26,000 acres (10,521.83 ha) in total, most of it surrounded by New York City, including the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Brooklyn and Queens, over 9,000 acres (36 km2) of salt marsh, islands, and water, including most of Jamaica Bay. Also in Queens, the park includes a significant portion of the western Rockaway Peninsula, most notably Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden. In Staten Island, the park includes Fort Wadsworth, with historic pre-Civil War era Battery Weed and Fort Tompkins, and Great Kills Park, with beaches, trails, and a marina. 6

['QSN How large is the Gateway National recreation Area in hectares? ANS 10,521.83', 'QSN About how large is the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in acres? ANS 9,000', 'QSN What fort is located on the Rockaway Peninsula? ANS Fort Tilden', 'QSN What park is located on the Rockaway Peninsula? ANS Jacob Riis Park', 'QSN What body of water is Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge adjacent to? ANS Jamaica Bay', 'QSN How many acres of land does Gateway Nation Recreation contain? ANS over 26,000']

The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are managed by the National Park Service and are in both the states of New York and New Jersey. They are joined in the harbor by Governors Island National Monument, in New York. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include Castle Clinton National Monument; Federal Hall National Memorial; Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site; General Grant National Memorial ("Grant's Tomb"); African Burial Ground National Monument; and Hamilton Grange National Memorial. Hundreds of private properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as a National Historic Landmark such as, for example, the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village as the catalyst of the modern gay rights movement. 9

['QSN What body administers the Ellis Island Immigration Museum? ANS National Park Service', "QSN What is the common name for the General Grant National Memorial? ANS Grant's Tomb", 'QSN In what neighborhood is the Stonewall Inn located? ANS Greenwich Village', 'QSN What movement is the Stonewall Inn most famously associated with? ANS gay rights movement', 'QSN The Statue of Liberty is taken care of by what organization? ANS National Park Service', 'QSN The Statue of Liberty is also in what other US state? ANS New Jersey', 'QSN Ellis Island is considered in New York state and which other? ANS New Jersey', 'QSN Which landmark is considered the spark for LGBT rights? ANS Stonewall Inn', "QSN The landmark, General Grant National Memorial, is also called what? ANS Grant's Tomb"]

There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area which includes extensive riding trails, and Riverbank State Park, a 28-acre (110,000 m2) facility that rises 69 feet (21 m) over the Hudson River. 5

['QSN How many state parks exist in New York City? ANS seven', 'QSN How large is Riverbank State Park in acres? ANS 28', 'QSN How many meters is Riverbank State Park elevated above the Hudson River? ANS 21', 'QSN How many New York state parks are within New York City? ANS seven', "QSN Riverbank State park's highest point is how high above the Hudson River? ANS 69 feet"]

New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km2) of municipal parkland and 14 miles (23 km) of public beaches. Parks in New York City include Central Park, Prospect Park, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Forest Park, and Washington Square Park. The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park with 2,700 acres (1,093 ha). 8

['QSN New York has approximately how many acres of parks? ANS 28,000', 'QSN How many miles of public beach are located in New York City? ANS 14', 'QSN What is the biggest public park in the city? ANS Pelham Bay Park', 'QSN How large is Pelham Bay Park in hectares? ANS 1,093', 'QSN New York City has how many acres of land dedicated to parks? ANS over 28,000', 'QSN How long are all the public beaches together in miles? ANS 14', 'QSN What is the largest park in New York City? ANS Pelham Bay Park', 'QSN How many acres of land does Pelham Bay park have? ANS 2,700']

New York City is home to Fort Hamilton, the U.S. military's only active duty installation within the city. Established in 1825 in Brooklyn on the site of a small battery utilized during the American Revolution, it is one of America's longest serving military forts. Today Fort Hamilton serves as the headquarters of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers as well as for the New York City Recruiting Battalion. It also houses the 1179th Transportation Brigade, the 722nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron, and a military entrance processing station. Other formerly active military reservations still utilized for National Guard and military training or reserve operations in the city include Fort Wadsworth in Staten Island and Fort Totten in Queens. 9

['QSN What is the name of the military base in New York City? ANS Fort Hamilton', 'QSN In what year was Fort Hamilton founded? ANS 1825', 'QSN In what borough is Fort Hamilton located? ANS Brooklyn', 'QSN What division is based at Fort Hamilton? ANS North Atlantic Division', 'QSN What brigade is headquartered at Fort Hamilton? ANS 1179th Transportation Brigade', 'QSN The U.S. military has only one active location in NYC named what? ANS Fort Hamilton', 'QSN When was Fort Hamilton built? ANS 1825', 'QSN Which borough can Fort Hamilton be found? ANS Brooklyn', 'QSN Fort Wadsworth and Fort Totten are located in which area of New York City? ANS Queens']

New York City is the most-populous city in the United States, with an estimated record high of 8,491,079 residents as of 2014, incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States Census. More than twice as many people live in New York City as in the second-most populous U.S. city (Los Angeles), and within a smaller area. New York City gained more residents between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other U.S. city. New York City's population amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the New York metropolitan area population. 8

['QSN What was the population of New York City in 2014? ANS 8,491,079', 'QSN What is the US city with the second largest population? ANS Los Angeles', 'QSN How many people moved to New York City between April 2010 and July 2014? ANS 316,000', "QSN Approximately what percentage is New York City's population of the entire state's population? ANS 40%", "QSN About what percentage is New York City's population of the New York metropolitan area's population? ANS 40%", 'QSN What is the population of NYC as of 2014? ANS 8,491,079', 'QSN The second largest city in the US is what? ANS Los Angeles', 'QSN What percentage of people that live in the state of New York live in New York City? ANS 40']

In 2014, the city had an estimated population density of 27,858 people per square mile (10,756/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities housing over 100,000 residents in the United States; however, several small cities (of fewer than 100,000) in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey are more dense overall, as per the 2000 Census. Geographically co-extensive with New York County, the borough of Manhattan's population density of 71,672 people per square mile (27,673/km²) makes it the highest of any county in the United States and higher than the density of any individual American city. 3

['QSN How many people live in a square mile of New York City? ANS 27,858', 'QSN What is the population density of Manhattan per square kilometer? ANS 27,673', 'QSN Some cities in what county have a higher population density than New York City? ANS Hudson County']

The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade. 9

["QSN What percentage of the city's population is Caucasian? ANS 44%", "QSN What percentage of the city's population is African-American? ANS 25.5%", 'QSN What ethnicity is growing the quickest in New York City? ANS Asians', 'QSN What percentage of the population identifies as Hispanic? ANS 28.6%', 'QSN By what percentage did the non-Hispanic white population decrease? ANS 3', 'QSN As of 2010, what percentage made up white people in NYC? ANS 44', 'QSN Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC? ANS the Civil War', 'QSN Which race of people made it the highest growing ethnicity between 2000-2010 in NYC? ANS Asians', 'QSN What percentage of Africans make up NYC? ANS 25.5']

Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population. 7

['QSN How many immigrants arrived at Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924? ANS 12 million', "QSN 'Melting pot' was first used to describe neighborhoods in what area of the city? ANS Lower East Side", 'QSN What ethnicity comprised the largest number of immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century? ANS Germans', 'QSN What percentage of the population was Caucasian in 1940? ANS 92%', 'QSN What was the ethnicity of the second largest group of immigrants in 1900? ANS Irish', 'QSN Between 1892-1924, how many immigrants came through Ellis Island? ANS more than 12 million', 'QSN In the year 1942, what percentage of white Americans made up New York City? ANS 92']

Approximately 37% of the city's population is foreign born. In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011 were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago, while the Bangladeshi immigrant population has since become one of the fastest growing in the city, counting over 74,000 by 2013. 5

['QSN What percentage of the population was born outside the United States? ANS 37%', 'QSN From what country did the largest number of foreign-born immigrants originate as of 2011? ANS Dominican Republic', 'QSN About how many immigrants from Bangladesh lived in the city in 2013? ANS 74,000', 'QSN What country was the second largest source of foreign-born New Yorkers in 2011? ANS China', 'QSN What percentage of the population of NYC was born in another country? ANS 37']

Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 Census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles. New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper. The New York City borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largest Andean (Colombian, Ecuadorian, Peruvian, and Bolivian) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world. The Chinese population constitutes the fastest-growing nationality in New York State; multiple satellites of the original Manhattan Chinatown (紐約華埠), in Brooklyn (布鲁克林華埠), and around Flushing, Queens (法拉盛華埠), are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves, while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburban Nassau County (拿騷縣) on Long Island (長島), as the New York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale Chinese immigration continues into New York City and surrounding areas. In 2012, 6.3% of New York City was of Chinese ethnicity, with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island. A community numbering 20,000 Korean-Chinese (Chaoxianzu (Chinese: 朝鲜族) or Joseonjok (Hangul: 조선족)) is centered in Flushing, Queens, while New York City is also home to the largest Tibetan population outside China, India, and Nepal, also centered in Queens. Koreans made up 1.2% of the city's population, and Japanese 0.3%. Filipinos were the largest Southeast Asian ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by Vietnamese, who made up 0.2% of New York City's population in 2010. Indians are the largest South Asian group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis and Pakistanis at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively. Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, and Filipinos, as well as Malaysians and other Southeast Asians; while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of both West Indian as well as Asian Indian immigrants. 5

['QSN What New York borough contains the highest population of Asian-Americans? ANS Queens', 'QSN What borough housed the first Chinatown in New York? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN As of 2012, what percentage of the New York City population was ethnically Chinese? ANS 6.3%', 'QSN What borough is home to a large Tibetan population? ANS Queens', 'QSN What percentage of the New York City population is Japanese? ANS 0.3%']

New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx. 6

['QSN How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York City in 2012? ANS 2.7 million', 'QSN What is the non-Hispanic white population of Houston? ANS 550,000', 'QSN How many New Yorkers are of Polish ancestry? ANS 201,000', 'QSN How many New York City residents are of Greek heritage? ANS 65,000', 'QSN What borough has the largest population of ethnic Albanians? ANS the Bronx', 'QSN NYC has the largest white population by how many people? ANS 2.7 million']

The wider New York City metropolitan area, with over 20 million people, about 50% greater than the second-place Los Angeles metropolitan area in the United States, is also ethnically diverse. The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and Miami, the next most popular gateway regions. It is home to the largest Jewish as well as Israeli communities outside Israel, with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least 20 Little India enclaves, as well as 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns; the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American, Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million; and includes at least 6 established Chinatowns within New York City alone, with the urban agglomeration comprising a population of 779,269 overseas Chinese as of 2013 Census estimates, the largest outside of Asia. 5

["QSN About how many people live in New York City's metropolitan area? ANS 20 million", 'QSN As of 2012, how many Jewish people lived in the New York metropolitan area? ANS 1.5 million', 'QSN What percentage of the total Indian-American population of the United States lives in the New York metropolitan area? ANS 20%', 'QSN How many Hispanic people live in the New York metropolitan area? ANS 4.8 million', 'QSN Approximately how many Chinatowns exist in New York City? ANS 6']

Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area as of 2013. 5

['QSN In 2013, how many people of Puerto Rican ancestry lived in New York City? ANS 1.3 million', 'QSN What nation provided the most legal immigrants to New York City in the Caribbean? ANS the Dominican Republic', 'QSN Out of all African nations, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013? ANS Egypt', 'QSN Out of all nations in Central America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013? ANS El Salvador', 'QSN Of all the countries in South America, which provided the most legal immigrants in 2013? ANS Ecuador']

The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter. 6

['QSN How many self-identified LGB people live in the New York metropolitan area? ANS 568,903', 'QSN On what date did New York legalize gay marriage? ANS June 24, 2011', 'QSN How many days after gay marriage was legalized were gay marriages allowed to take place? ANS 30', 'QSN How many people identify as gay or bisexual in NYC? ANS 568,903', 'QSN Same-sex marriage became legal on what date in New York? ANS June 24, 2011', 'QSN Since Gay marriage became legal, how many days did people have to wait to marry? ANS 30']

Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn. Islam ranks third in New York City, with official estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers and including 10% of the city's public schoolchildren, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and a variety of other religions, as well as atheism. In 2014, 24% self-identified with no organized religious affiliation. 10

['QSN What percentage of New Yorkers are Christians? ANS 59%', 'QSN What percentage of New Yorkers follow the Catholic faith? ANS 33%', 'QSN About how many Jews live in New York City? ANS 1.1 million', 'QSN What borough has the largest population of Jewish people? ANS Brooklyn', 'QSN What is the third most popular faith in New York City? ANS Islam', 'QSN What was the most prominent religion in New York as of 2014? ANS Christianity', 'QSN The second most prominent religion in New York is what? ANS Judaism', 'QSN Half the population of Jews live in what borough of New York City? ANS Brooklyn', 'QSN What percentage of people in 2014 had no religion? ANS 24', 'QSN The third most popular religion in NYC is what? ANS Islam']

New York City has a high degree of income disparity as indicated by its Gini Coefficient of 0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan. The disparity is driven by wage growth in high-income brackets, while wages have stagnated for middle and lower-income brackets. In the first quarter of 2014, the average weekly wage in New York County (Manhattan) was $2,749, representing the highest total among large counties in the United States. In 2013, New York City had the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, higher than the next five U.S. cities combined, including former Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg. New York also had the highest density of millionaires per capita among major U.S. cities in 2014, at 4.6% of residents. Lower Manhattan has been experiencing a baby boom, with the area south of Canal Street witnessing 1,086 births in 2010, 12% greater than 2009 and over twice the number born in 2001. 7

["QSN What is New York City's Gini Coefficient? ANS 0.5", 'QSN What borough has a Gini Coefficient of 0.6? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN What previous mayor of New York is a billionaire? ANS Michael R. Bloomberg', "QSN In 2014, millionaires made up what percentage of New York City's population? ANS 4.6%", 'QSN What is the average weekly wage in Manhattan? ANS $2,749', 'QSN The average weekly earnings for a worker in NYC was what in 2014? ANS 2,749', 'QSN By 2013, which city had the most billionaires living in the city? ANS New York City']

New York is a global hub of international business and commerce. In 2012, New York City topped the first Global Economic Power Index, published by The Atlantic (to be differentiated from a namesake list published by the Martin Prosperity Institute), with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on similar lists as published by other entities. The city is a major center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media as well as traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts in the United States; while Silicon Alley, metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere, continues to expand. The Port of New York and New Jersey is also a major economic engine, handling record cargo volume in the first half of 2014. 4

["QSN What is the common name for New York's high technology sector? ANS Silicon Alley", 'QSN Who created the Global Economic Power Index that ranked New York first? ANS The Atlantic', 'QSN In what year did the Port of New York and New Jersey deal with unprecedented cargo volume? ANS 2014', 'QSN In what year was New York ranked first on the Global Economic Power Index? ANS 2012']

Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York City, as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company. New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists. This ability to attract foreign investment helped New York City top the FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013. 2

['QSN What fraction of New Yorkers in the private sector are employed by foreign companies? ANS One out of ten', 'QSN What publication ranked New York first in the 2013 American Cities of the Future rankings? ANS FDi Magazine']

Real estate is a major force in the city's economy, as the total value of all New York City property was assessed at US$914.8 billion for the 2015 fiscal year. The Time Warner Center is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at US$1.1 billion in 2006. New York City is home to some of the nation's—and the world's—most valuable real estate. 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007 for US$510 million, about $1,589 per square foot ($17,104/m²), breaking the barely month-old record for an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($15,887/m²) set in the June 2007 sale of 660 Madison Avenue. According to Forbes, in 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten zip codes in the United States by median housing price. 7

['QSN What was the 2015 assessed value of all the property in New York? ANS US$914.8 billion', 'QSN How much was Time Warner Center worth in 2006? ANS US$1.1 billion', 'QSN What was the price per square foot of 450 Park Avenue when it sold in July 2007? ANS $1,589', 'QSN What was the price per square meter of 660 Madison Avenue in June 2007? ANS $15,887', 'QSN Of the top 10 zip codes with the most expensive housing prices in the United States, how many are in Manhattan? ANS six', 'QSN Which building has the highest market value in NYC? ANS Time Warner Center', 'QSN The previous record beaten by Park Avenue was for what real estate? ANS 660 Madison Avenue']

As of 2013, the global advertising agencies of Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group, both based in Manhattan, had combined annual revenues of approximately US$21 billion, reflecting New York City's role as the top global center for the advertising industry, which is metonymously referred to as "Madison Avenue". The city's fashion industry provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages. 6

["QSN What is the popular name of New York's advertising industry? ANS Madison Avenue", 'QSN About how many people work in the New York fashion industry? ANS 180,000', 'QSN About how much does it cost per year to pay workers in the New York fashion industry? ANS $11 billion', 'QSN With Interpublic Group, what company has a combined annual revenue of roughly US$21 billion? ANS Omnicom Group', "QSN NYC's fashion industry employs how many people? ANS 180,000", 'QSN The Two highest advertising agencies in the world located in NYC are called what? ANS Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group']

Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Manufacturing accounts for a significant but declining share of employment, although the city's garment industry is showing a resurgence in Brooklyn. Food processing is a US$5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents. 3

['QSN How many New Yorkers work in the food processing field? ANS 19,000', 'QSN What is the annual revenue of the food processing industry? ANS US$5 billion', 'QSN In what borough is the garment business prominent? ANS Brooklyn']

Chocolate is New York City's leading specialty-food export, with up to US$234 million worth of exports each year. Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn as of 2014, while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan. 6

['QSN What dollar amount of chocolate does New York export annually? ANS US$234 million', 'QSN Where is the "Chocolate District" located? ANS Brooklyn', 'QSN In what borough is Godiva based? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN What is the number one specialty food export of New York? ANS Chocolate', "QSN What type of food is NYC's leading food export? ANS Chocolate", "QSN Which one of the world's largest chocolate makers is stationed in Manhattan? ANS Godiva"]

New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700. Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to a burgeoning number of financial startup companies. 6

['QSN As of 2013, how many people worked for a securities business in New York? ANS 163,400', 'QSN What percentage of New York private sector jobs are in the securities industry? ANS 5', 'QSN How much tax revenue does the securities industry generate? ANS US$3.8 billion', 'QSN What is the average income in the New York securities industry? ANS US$360,700', "QSN What percentage of the city's wages does the securities industry provide? ANS 22", "QSN 22 Percent of NYC's total wages are from what industry? ANS The city's securities"]

Lower Manhattan is the third-largest central business district in the United States and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013. Investment banking fees on Wall Street totaled approximately $40 billion in 2012, while in 2013, senior New York City bank officers who manage risk and compliance functions earned as much as $324,000 annually. In fiscal year 2013–14, Wall Street's securities industry generated 19% of New York State's tax revenue. New York City remains the largest global center for trading in public equity and debt capital markets, driven in part by the size and financial development of the U.S. economy.:31–32 In July 2013, NYSE Euronext, the operator of the New York Stock Exchange, took over the administration of the London interbank offered rate from the British Bankers Association. New York also leads in hedge fund management; private equity; and the monetary volume of mergers and acquisitions. Several investment banks and investment mangers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers.:34–35 New York is also the principal commercial banking center of the United States. 7

['QSN On what street is the New York Stock Exchange headquartered? ANS Wall Street', 'QSN What is the street address of NASDAQ? ANS 165 Broadway', 'QSN In 2012, how many investment banking fees were paid out to Wall Street? ANS $40 billion', 'QSN In 2013-4, what percentage of New York state tax revenues came from the securities business on Wall Street? ANS 19%', 'QSN Who was the previous overseer of the London interbank offered rate? ANS British Bankers Association', 'QSN The New York Stock exchange is located where in NYC? ANS Wall Street', 'QSN The NASDAQ is located on what street in NYC? ANS 165 Broadway']

Many of the world's largest media conglomerates are also based in the city. Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2) of office space in 2015, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan, with nearly 400 million square feet (37.2 million m2) in 2015, is the largest central business district in the world. 3

['QSN How many square meters of office space does Manhattan have? ANS 46.5 million', 'QSN About how many million square feet of office space is present in Midtown Manhattan? ANS 400', 'QSN How much office space did Manhatten possess in 2015? ANS 500 million square feet']

Silicon Alley, centered in Manhattan, has evolved into a metonym for the sphere encompassing the New York City metropolitan region's high technology industries involving the Internet, new media, telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, financial technology ("fintech"), and other fields within information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem and venture capital investments. In the first half of 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US$3.7 billion in venture capital investment across a broad spectrum of high technology enterprises, most based in Manhattan, with others in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region. High technology startup companies and employment are growing in New York City and the region, bolstered by the city's position in North America as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center, including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines, New York's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity. Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade throughout New York City. As of 2014, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the tech sector. 5

['QSN In what borough is Silicon Alley located? ANS Manhattan', 'QSN What is the street address of the headquarters of Verizon Communciations? ANS 140 West Street', 'QSN How much did Verizon spend on fiber optic upgrades in New York City? ANS US$3 billion', 'QSN Approximately how many tech sector jobs are in New York City? ANS 300,000', 'QSN The technology sector of work in NYC has how many employees in its service? ANS 300,000']

The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a US$2 billion graduate school of applied sciences called Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital. By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The New York City Economic Development Corporation's Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in life sciences and biotechnology. 6

['QSN Along with Cornell University, what institution is involved in the building of Cornell Tech? ANS Technion-Israel Institute of Technology', 'QSN What is the cost to build Cornell Tech? ANS US$2 billion', 'QSN On what island is Cornell Tech located? ANS Roosevelt Island', 'QSN About how much capital did Accelerator raise as of the middle of 2014? ANS US$30 million', 'QSN How large is the Alexandria Center for Life Science in square meters? ANS 65,000', 'QSN In 2011, what school was built on Roosevelt Island? ANS Cornell Tech']

Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, which has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists – receiving approximately 51 million tourists in 2011, 54 million in 2013, and a record 56.4 million in 2014. Tourism generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014. 6

['QSN How many tourists visited New York in 2011? ANS 51 million', 'QSN How many people came to visit New York in 2013? ANS 54 million', 'QSN What is the record number of tourists that have visited New York in a year? ANS 56.4 million', 'QSN How much money did tourism create for New York in 2014? ANS US$61.3 billion', 'QSN How many tourists that visited NYC in 2014 broke the record? ANS 56.4 million', 'QSN How many tourists visited NYC in 2013? ANS 54 million']

I Love New York (stylized I ❤ NY) is both a logo and a song that are the basis of an advertising campaign and have been used since 1977 to promote tourism in New York City, and later to promote New York State as well. The trademarked logo, owned by New York State Empire State Development, appears in souvenir shops and brochures throughout the city and state, some licensed, many not. The song is the state song of New York. 6

['QSN What English phrase does I ❤ NY represent? ANS I Love New York', 'QSN When was I ❤ NY first used in advertisements? ANS 1977', 'QSN Who owns the trademark to I ❤ NY? ANS New York State Empire State Development', 'QSN What is the state song of New York? ANS I Love New York', 'QSN I Love New York was established as advertising in what year? ANS 1977', 'QSN What is the state song of New York? ANS I Love New York']

Major tourist destinations include Times Square; Broadway theater productions; the Empire State Building; the Statue of Liberty; Ellis Island; the United Nations Headquarters; museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art; greenspaces such as Central Park and Washington Square Park; Rockefeller Center; the Manhattan Chinatown; luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues; and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village; the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade; the lighting of the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree; the St. Patrick's Day parade; seasonal activities such as ice skating in Central Park in the wintertime; the Tribeca Film Festival; and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage. Major attractions in the boroughs outside Manhattan include Flushing Meadows-Corona Park and the Unisphere in Queens; the Bronx Zoo; Coney Island, Brooklyn; and the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx. The New York Wheel, a 630-foot ferris wheel, was under construction at the northern shore of Staten Island in 2015, overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, and the Lower Manhattan skyline. 5

['QSN In what neighborhood does the Halloween Parade take place? ANS Greenwich Village', "QSN What company sponsors the Thanksgiving Day parade? ANS Macy's", 'QSN At what location is a Christmas tree famously lit every year? ANS Rockefeller Center', 'QSN Where in Central Park are performances offered at no cost? ANS Summerstage', 'QSN In what borough is the Unisphere located? ANS Queens']

Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold. 8

['QSN About how many hotel rooms are there in Manhattan? ANS 90,000', 'QSN What was the percentage increase of Manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014? ANS 10%', 'QSN Who owns the Waldorf Astoria? ANS Anbang Insurance Group', 'QSN What was the October 2014 purchase price of the Waldorf Astoria? ANS US$1.95 billion', 'QSN The hotel that sold for the most money in 2014 was which in NYC? ANS Waldorf Astoria New York', 'QSN How many hotel rooms are located in NYC as of the end of 2014? ANS 90,000', 'QSN Who bought the Waldorf Astoria hotel in NYC in 2014? ANS Anbang Insurance Group', 'QSN The Waldorf Astoria hotel sold for how many dollars? ANS 1.95 billion']

New York is a prominent location for the American entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there. As of 2012, New York City was the second largest center for filmmaking and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually, employing 130,000 individuals, and generating an estimated $7.1 billion in direct expenditures, and by volume, New York is the world leader in independent film production; one-third of all American independent films are produced in New York City. The Association of Independent Commercial Producers is also based in New York. In the first five months of 2014 alone, location filming for television pilots in New York City exceeded the record production levels for all of 2013, with New York surpassing Los Angeles as the top North American city for the same distinction during the 2013/2014 cycle. 4

['QSN Approximately how many feature films are made in New York City every year? ANS 200', 'QSN How many New Yorkers work in the television and film industry? ANS 130,000', 'QSN How much money does the New York film and television industry create every year? ANS $7.1 billion', 'QSN What United States city is the second most popular for pilot episode location filming? ANS Los Angeles']

New York City is additionally a center for the advertising, music, newspaper, digital media, and publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America. Some of the city's media conglomerates and institutions include Time Warner, the Thomson Reuters Corporation, the Associated Press, Bloomberg L.P., the News Corporation, The New York Times Company, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, AOL, and Viacom. Seven of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York. Two of the top three record labels' headquarters are in New York: Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group. Universal Music Group also has offices in New York. New media enterprises are contributing an increasingly important component to the city's central role in the media sphere. 3

['QSN Along with Warner Music Group, what top three record label is based in New York City? ANS Sony Music Entertainment', "QSN What city is North America's biggest media market? ANS New York City", 'QSN Out of the top eight advertising agency networks in the world, how many are based in New York? ANS Seven']

More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News, which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton. The city also has a comprehensive ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages. El Diario La Prensa is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation. The New York Amsterdam News, published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper. The Village Voice is the largest alternative newspaper. 10

['QSN How many people work in the New York publishing industry? ANS 25,000', 'QSN Which New York-based newspaper has won the Pulitzer Prize for journalism? ANS The New York Times', 'QSN Along with the New York Times, what national daily newspaper is based in New York? ANS The Wall Street Journal', 'QSN What was the founding year of the New York Daily News? ANS 1919', 'QSN Who was the founder of the New York Post? ANS Alexander Hamilton', 'QSN How many newspaper offices are located in New York? ANS More than 200', 'QSN How many magazines can call NYC home? ANS 350', 'QSN How many national newspapers out of the three are from New York? ANS 2', 'QSN Which two national newspapers are located in New York? ANS The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times', 'QSN When was the New York Daily News founded? ANS 1919']

The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. 4

['QSN Along with ABC and NBC, what other major broadcaster is based in New York? ANS CBS', "QSN What is the name of the city's public television service? ANS NYCTV", 'QSN What comedy channel on cable television is headquartered in New York? ANS Comedy Central', 'QSN What cable news channel is based in New York? ANS Fox News']

New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media. The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971. WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television programming. WNYC, a public radio station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States. 8

['QSN What is the name of the first public-access TV channel in the country? ANS Manhattan Neighborhood Network', 'QSN In what year did the Manhattan Neighborhood Network begin? ANS 1971', 'QSN What is the primary public television station in New York? ANS WNET', 'QSN What is the largest public radio station in the US by audience size? ANS WNYC', 'QSN In what year did the city cease to own WNYC? ANS 1997', 'QSN The public-assess TV channel that has been around the longest in the US in what? ANS Manhattan Neighborhood Network', 'QSN When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network created? ANS 1971', 'QSN The largest public radio station by listeners is what in New York? ANS WNYC']

The New York City Public Schools system, managed by the New York City Department of Education, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in more than 1,700 separate primary and secondary schools. The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students. 6

['QSN What city department runs the public school system? ANS New York City Department of Education', 'QSN How many students are in New York City public schools? ANS 1.1 million', 'QSN About how many public schools are there in New York City? ANS 1,700', 'QSN How many high schools for gifted students does New York City have? ANS nine', 'QSN How many students regularly attend schools in NYC? ANS 1.1 million', 'QSN How many highschools are specialized in NYC? ANS nine']

The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new charter schools. There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city. 2

['QSN What institution aids in the creation of charter schools in New York? ANS New York City Charter School Center', 'QSN About how many private schools does New York have? ANS 900']

Over 600,000 students are enrolled in New York City's over 120 higher education institutions, the highest number of any city in the United States, including over half million in the City University of New York (CUNY) system alone in 2014. In 2005, three out of five Manhattan residents were college graduates, and one out of four had a postgraduate degree, forming one of the highest concentrations of highly educated people in any American city. New York City is home to such notable private universities as Barnard College, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Fordham University, New York University, New York Institute of Technology, Pace University, and Yeshiva University. The public CUNY system is one of the largest universities in the nation, comprising 24 institutions across all five boroughs: senior colleges, community colleges, and other graduate/professional schools. The public State University of New York (SUNY) system also serves New York City, as well as the rest of the state. The city also has other smaller private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions, such as St. John's University, The Juilliard School, Manhattan College, The College of Mount Saint Vincent, The New School, Pratt Institute, The School of Visual Arts, The King's College, and Wagner College. 5

['QSN About how many students attend schools in the City University of New York system? ANS half million', 'QSN What fraction of Manhattan residents graduated from college? ANS three out of five', 'QSN What fraction of Manhattan residents have graduate degrees? ANS one out of four', 'QSN The City University of New York system consists of how many institutions? ANS 24', 'QSN How many students in New York partcipate in higher education? ANS 600,000']

The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn. 5

['QSN What is the largest library in the United States? ANS The New York Public Library', 'QSN What is the second largest library in the US? ANS Queens Borough Public Library', 'QSN What is the name of the library system in Queens? ANS Queens Borough Public Library', "QSN What is Brooklyn's public library system called? ANS Brooklyn Public Library", 'QSN Along with Staten Island and the Bronx, what borough is served by the New York Public Library? ANS Manhattan']

The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the public hospitals and clinics in New York City. A public benefit corporation with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents. HHC was created in 1969 by the New York State Legislature as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969). It is similar to a municipal agency but has a Board of Directors. HHC operates 11 acute care hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based primary care sites, serving primarily the poor and working class. HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers. 7

['QSN The largest municipal healthcare in the US is what? ANS New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation', 'QSN How many hospitals does HHC operate? ANS 11', 'QSN What is the yearly revenue of the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation? ANS $6.7 billion', 'QSN How many patients are served annually by HHC? ANS 1.4 million', 'QSN How many uninsured New Yorkers take advantage of HHC? ANS 475,000', 'QSN In what year was the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation founded? ANS 1969', 'QSN How many nursing homes does HHC operate? ANS five']

The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States. Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City. The president of HHC is Ramanathan Raju, MD, a surgeon and former CEO of the Cook County health system in Illinois. 7

['QSN The public hospital that has been around the longest in the US is what? ANS Bellevue Hospital', 'QSN Who is the president of HHC? ANS Ramanathan Raju', 'QSN What was the first public hospital founded in the United States? ANS Bellevue Hospital', 'QSN If the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom becomes sick in New York City, what hospital does he go to? ANS Bellevue Hospital', 'QSN Who is the HHC president? ANS Ramanathan Raju, MD', 'QSN In what state did the president of HHC previously work? ANS Illinois', "QSN What was the president of HHC's previous job title? ANS CEO"]

The New York City Police Department (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with over 35,000 sworn officers. Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest. 5

['QSN The largest police presence in the US is NYPD with how many people? ANS 35,000', "QSN NYPD officers have a nickname that is known as what? ANS New York's Finest", 'QSN What does the acronym NYPD stand for? ANS New York City Police Department', 'QSN About how many police work for the NYPD? ANS 35,000', "QSN What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers? ANS New York's Finest"]

In 2012, New York City had the lowest overall crime rate and the second lowest murder rate among the largest U.S. cities, having become significantly safer after a spike in crime in the 1970s through 1990s. Violent crime in New York City decreased more than 75% from 1993 to 2005, and continued decreasing during periods when the nation as a whole saw increases. By 2002, New York City's crime rate was similar to that of Provo, Utah, and was ranked 197th in crime among the 216 U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000. In 2005 the homicide rate was at its lowest level since 1966, and in 2007 the city recorded fewer than 500 homicides for the first time ever since crime statistics were first published in 1963. In the first six months of 2010, 95.1% of all murder victims and 95.9% of all shooting victims in New York City were black or Hispanic; additionally, 90.2 percent of those arrested for murder and 96.7 percent of those arrested for shooting someone were black or Hispanic. New York experienced a record low of 328 homicides in 2014 and has a far lower murder rate than other major American cities. 6

['QSN What was the low record for homicides in 2014 in NYC? ANS 328', 'QSN What percentage decrease in violent crime did the city see between 1993 and 2005? ANS 75%', 'QSN As of 2002, to what city did New York have a comparable crime rate? ANS Provo, Utah', 'QSN In what year did the city have less than 500 homicides? ANS 2007', 'QSN How many homicides were there in New York City in 2014? ANS 328', 'QSN In the first half of 2010, what percentage of shooting victims were African-American or Hispanic? ANS 95.9%']

Organized crime has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the Five Points in the 1820s. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Spades. The Mafia presence has declined in the city in the 21st century. 4

['QSN The first major crime groups in NYC were in the 1820s known as what? ANS Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards', 'QSN What group controlled the Mafia in New York in the 20th century? ANS the Five Families', 'QSN The Forth Thieves and Roach Guards were two gangs that operated in what area of New York in the 1820s? ANS the Five Points', 'QSN What was a notable 20th century gang in New York? ANS the Black Spades']

The New York City Fire Department (FDNY), provides fire protection, technical rescue, primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards, and emergency medical services for the five boroughs of New York City. The New York City Fire Department is the largest municipal fire department in the United States and the second largest in the world after the Tokyo Fire Department. The FDNY employs approximately 11,080 uniformed firefighters and over 3,300 uniformed EMTs and paramedics. The FDNY's motto is New York's Bravest. 8

['QSN What is the largest fire department force in the world? ANS Tokyo Fire Department', 'QSN What is the second largest fire department force in the world? ANS The New York City Fire Department', "QSN What is the The New York City Fire Department's motto? ANS New York's Bravest", 'QSN What does FDNY stand for? ANS New York City Fire Department', 'QSN What city is home to the largest municipal fire department in the world? ANS Tokyo', 'QSN How many firefighters work for the New York City Fire Department? ANS 11,080', 'QSN The FDNY employs about how many paramedics and EMTs? ANS 3,300', "QSN What is the motto of the New York City Fire Department? ANS New York's Bravest"]

The New York City Fire Department faces highly multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, there are many secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires. New York is also home to one of the largest subway systems in the world, consisting of hundreds of miles of tunnel with electrified track. 2

['QSN New York is home to what largest transportation system in the world? ANS subway systems', 'QSN What types of fires can start in parks and woodlands? ANS brush fires']

The FDNY headquarters is located at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn, and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on Randalls Island. There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications. The Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings. 7

['QSN What is the address for The New York City Fire Department headquarters? ANS 9 MetroTech Center', 'QSN Which island is home to the Fire academy in NYC? ANS Randalls Island', 'QSN Which borough of NYC is home to the The New York City Fire Department headquarters? ANS Brooklyn', 'QSN What is the street address of the New York Fire Department headquarters? ANS 9 MetroTech Center', 'QSN In what borough is the FDNY headquartered? ANS Brooklyn', "QSN Where is the fire department's training academy located? ANS Randalls Island", 'QSN What is the street address of the Bureau of Fire Communications alarm office in Brooklyn? ANS 11 Metrotech Center']

Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was a center of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s, and the birthplace of hip hop in the 1970s. The city's punk and hardcore scenes were influential in the 1970s and 1980s. New York has long had a flourishing scene for Jewish American literature. 6

['QSN Jazz became popular during which decade in NYC? ANS 1940s', 'QSN Which decade did hip hop start to surface in NYC? ANS 1970s', 'QSN What was the name of the cultural development that defined the black American literary canon? ANS the Harlem Renaissance', 'QSN What musical style was prominent in New York in the 1940s? ANS jazz', 'QSN What artistic style was prominent in New York in the 1950s? ANS abstract expressionism', 'QSN What was the name of the new musical style that emerged from New York in the 1970s? ANS hip hop']

The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art; abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting; and hip hop, punk, salsa, disco, freestyle, Tin Pan Alley, and Jazz in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world. The city is also widely celebrated in popular lore, frequently the setting for books, movies (see List of films set in New York City), and television programs. New York Fashion Week is one of the world's preeminent fashion events and is afforded extensive coverage by the media. New York has also frequently been ranked the top fashion capital of the world on the annual list compiled by the Global Language Monitor. 5

['QSN The fashion capital of the world is what city in the US? ANS New York City', 'QSN One of the biggest fashion shows in the world is named what in New York? ANS New York Fashion Week', 'QSN By what other name is abstract expressionism known? ANS the New York School', 'QSN What is the name of the prominent fashion event that occurs in New York? ANS New York Fashion Week', 'QSN Who ranked New York as the fashion capital of the world? ANS the Global Language Monitor']

New York City has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes. The city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the National Endowment for the Arts. Wealthy business magnates in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed Carnegie Hall and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, that would become internationally established. The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theater productions, and in the 1880s, New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical. Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, productions such as those of Harrigan and Hart, George M. Cohan, and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition. 6

['QSN The Broadway Musical began in what decade? ANS 1880s', 'QSN Approximately how many galleries of art are in New York City? ANS 500', 'QSN Along with Broadway, what New York thoroughfare is associated with Broadway musicals? ANS 42nd Street', "QSN Who was Hart's writing partner? ANS Harrigan", 'QSN About how many cultural and artistic organizations are in New York City? ANS 2,000', 'QSN What technological development led resulted in elaborate stage productions? ANS electric lighting']

Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million. 6

['QSN How many people attended Broadway shows during the 2013-2014 season? ANS 12.21 million', 'QSN What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District? ANS The Great White Way', 'QSN What was the dollar amount of the tickets sold on Broadway in 2013-14? ANS US$1.27 billion', 'QSN What was the percentage increase in the Broadway ticket revenue from 2012-3 to 2013-4? ANS 11.4%', 'QSN How many people attended a Broadway show in the 2013-4 season? ANS 12.21 million', 'QSN In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway? ANS 11.57 million']

New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, and coffeehouses have become ubiquitous. Some 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as falafel and kebabs popular examples of modern New York street food. The city is also home to nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants in the world, according to Michelin. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assigns letter grades to the city's 24,000 restaurants based upon their inspection results. 5

['QSN How many restaurants are there in NYC? ANS 24,000', 'QSN How many mobile food vendors operate in New York City? ANS 4,000', 'QSN How many restaurants is New York home to? ANS 24,000', 'QSN What public department inspects the restaurants of New York? ANS New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene', 'QSN According to Michelin, about how many fine dining restaurants exist in New York? ANS one thousand']

New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps. 7

['QSN The Brooklyn Dodgers were created in what year? ANS 1882', "QSN Which four of the world's most expensive stadiums are located in NYC? ANS MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field", 'QSN Which two sports stadiums of New York City were featured on US stamps? ANS the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field', 'QSN In what year were the Brooklyn Dodgers founded? ANS 1882', 'QSN What professional soccer organization is headquartered in New York? ANS Major League Soccer', 'QSN How many professional sports leagues have their headquarters in New York? ANS five', 'QSN About how many major professional sports teams have been based at one time or another in New York? ANS forty']

New York has been described as the "Capital of Baseball". There have been 35 Major League Baseball World Series and 73 pennants won by New York teams. It is one of only five metro areas (Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore–Washington, and the San Francisco Bay Area being the others) to have two baseball teams. Additionally, there have been 14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a Subway Series and occurring most recently in 2000. No other metropolitan area has had this happen more than once (Chicago in 1906, St. Louis in 1944, and the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989). The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Mets, who play at Citi Field in Queens, and the New York Yankees, who play at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx. who compete in six games of interleague play every regular season that has also come to be called the Subway Series. The Yankees have won a record 27 championships, while the Mets have won the World Series twice. The city also was once home to the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers), who won the World Series once, and the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants), who won the World Series five times. Both teams moved to California in 1958. There are also two Minor League Baseball teams in the city, the Brooklyn Cyclones and Staten Island Yankees. 9

['QSN NYC is known as the Capital of which sport? ANS Baseball', 'QSN How many Major League Baseball World Series has NYC teams won? ANS 35', 'QSN It is one of only five areas to contain two teams of what sport? ANS Baseball', 'QSN How many minor league baseball teams are there in NYC? ANS two', 'QSN How many World Series have New York teams won? ANS 35', 'QSN How many Major League baseball league pennants have New York teams won? ANS 73', 'QSN How many professional baseball teams are located in New York? ANS two', 'QSN How many times have two teams from New York played against each other in the World Series? ANS 14', 'QSN What is the nickname for a World Series where two New York teams play against each other? ANS Subway Series']

The city is represented in the National Football League by the New York Giants and the New York Jets, although both teams play their home games at MetLife Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey, which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014. 7

['QSN The New York Giants and the New York Jets place at which stadium in NYC? ANS MetLife Stadium', 'QSN When was the most recent superbowl held in NYC for football? ANS 2014', 'QSN Along what the New York Jets, what NFL team is based in New York? ANS New York Giants', 'QSN What stadium do the New York Jets call home? ANS MetLife Stadium', 'QSN What city is MetLife Stadium located in? ANS East Rutherford, New Jersey', 'QSN What Super Bowl took place at MetLife Stadium? ANS Super Bowl XLVIII', 'QSN In what year did a Super Bowl occur at MetLife Stadium? ANS 2014']

The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers represent the city in the National Hockey League. Also within the metropolitan area are the New Jersey Devils, who play in nearby Newark, New Jersey. 5

['QSN There are two hockey teams located in NYC. What are they? ANS The New York Islanders and the New York Rangers', 'QSN Which town do the New Jersey Devils hockey team play? ANS Newark', 'QSN In what city are the New Jersey Devils located? ANS Newark, New Jersey', 'QSN What sport do the New York Rangers play? ANS Hockey', 'QSN Along with the New York Rangers, what NHL franchise is based in New York? ANS New York Islanders']

The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city. The city is well known for its links to basketball, which is played in nearly every park in the city by local youth, many of whom have gone on to play for major college programs and in the NBA. 7

['QSN Which two national basketball teams play in NYC? ANS the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks', "QSN New York City's women's basketball team is called what? ANS New York Liberty", 'QSN The first college basketball championship took place in NYC in what year? ANS 1938', "QSN What Women's National Basketball Association team is based in New York? ANS New York Liberty", 'QSN What is the name of the collegiate basketball championship that takes place in New York? ANS National Invitation Tournament', 'QSN In what year was the inaugural National Invitation Tournament? ANS 1938', 'QSN Along with the Brooklyn Nets, what NBA team is based in New York? ANS New York Knicks']

The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the largest number of finishers, including 37,866 finishers in 2006. The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile. Boxing is also a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison Square Garden each year. The city is also considered the host of the Belmont Stakes, the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's Triple Crown races, held just over the city's border at Belmont Park on the first or second Sunday of June. The city also hosted the 1932 U.S. Open golf tournament and the 1930 and 1939 PGA Championships, and has been host city for both events several times, most notably for nearby Winged Foot Golf Club. 10

['QSN Which borough of New York hosts the US Open Tennis championships? ANS Queens', 'QSN The Wanamaker Mile is an event by which annual track and field meeting? ANS Millrose Games', 'QSN The oldest, longest horse races in the US are located in NYC called what? ANS Belmont Stakes', 'QSN Which years did NYC host the PGA golf championships? ANS 1930 and 1939', 'QSN The Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves are held at which location in NYC? ANS Madison Square Garden', 'QSN In what borough is the National Tennis Center located? ANS Queens', 'QSN What tennis Grand Slam event is held at the National Tennis Center? ANS United States Open Tennis Championships', 'QSN How many people completed the New York Marathon in 2006? ANS 37,866', 'QSN What annual sporting competition features the Wanamaker Mile? ANS Millrose Games', 'QSN At what venue does the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves take place? ANS Madison Square Garden']

Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in the 1930s, and a street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s to memorialize this. 3

['QSN A version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s? ANS Stickball', 'QSN What street was renamed in the late 2000s to commemorate the street version of baseball? ANS Stickball Boulevard', 'QSN In what borough is Stickball Boulevard located? ANS the Bronx']

The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 469, and by length of routes. New York's subway is notable for nearly the entire system remaining open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, and Tokyo. The New York City Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, with 1.75 billion passengers rides in 2014, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as "Grand Central Station", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms. 5

['QSN Which subway system is considered the largest in the world? ANS New York City Subway system', 'QSN How many stations does the New York City Subway system contain? ANS 469', "QSN Which station is known as the world's biggest railroad station? ANS Grand Central Station", 'QSN How many people rode the New York City Subway in 2014? ANS 1.75 billion', 'QSN What is the nickname given to Grand Central Terminal? ANS Grand Central Station']

Public transport is essential in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using mass transit. This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where about 90% of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace. According to the US Census Bureau, New York City residents spend an average of 38.4 minutes a day getting to work, the longest commute time in the nation among large cities. New York is the only US city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car. Due to their high usage of mass transit, New Yorkers spend less of their household income on transportation than the national average, saving $19 billion annually on transportation compared to other urban Americans. 8

['QSN How many minutes does it take the average New Yorker to get to work? ANS 38.4', 'QSN What percentage of New Yorkers use public transportation to get to work? ANS 54.6', 'QSN What percentage of people living in Manhattan own a car? ANS 22', 'QSN In 2005, what percentage of New York residents used mass transit to get to work? ANS 54.6%', 'QSN What percentage of Americans drive cars to work? ANS 90%', 'QSN In minutes, how long does it take for the average New Yorker to get to work? ANS 38.4', "QSN What percentage of New York households don't own an automobile? ANS 52%", 'QSN What percentage of Manhattan residents own an automobile? ANS 22%']

New York City's public bus fleet is the largest in North America, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal, the main intercity bus terminal of the city, serves 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters daily, making it the busiest bus station in the world. 4

['QSN The busiest bus station in the world in the world is called what? ANS Port Authority Bus Terminal', 'QSN How many buses visit the Port Authority Bus Terminal each day? ANS 7,000', 'QSN How many New Yorkers ride the bus on a daily basis? ANS 200,000', "QSN What is New York's primary bus terminal? ANS Port Authority Bus Terminal"]

New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these three airports in 2012, and the city's airspace is the busiest in the nation. JFK and Newark Liberty were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers, respectively, in 2012; as of 2011, JFK was the busiest airport for international passengers in North America. Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities. 5

['QSN The three airports that have the most people come through them in NYC are which? ANS John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport', 'QSN What is the second busiest airport in the New York metro area? ANS Newark Liberty International Airport', 'QSN In 2011, what airport did the most international travelers in North America visit? ANS John F. Kennedy International Airport', 'QSN What city is Stewart International Airport located close to? ANS Newburgh, New York', 'QSN How many travelers visited JFK, LaGuardia and Newark Liberty in 2012? ANS 109 million']

The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route, carrying approximately 20 million passengers on the 5.2-mile (8.4 km) route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24 hours a day. Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area. 5

["QSN The world's most popular ferry route is which in NYC? ANS The Staten Island Ferry", 'QSN How many hours a day does the The Staten Island Ferry run? ANS 24', 'QSN In kilometers, how long is the Staten Island Ferry route? ANS 8.4', "QSN Staring in State Island, in what borough does the Staten Island Ferry's route terminate? ANS Manhattan", 'QSN How many passengers ride the Staten Island Ferry annually? ANS 20 million']

The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest. The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge are built of limestone, granite, and Rosendale cement, and their architectural style is neo-Gothic, with characteristic pointed arches above the passageways through the stone towers. This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge. 9

['QSN Which bridge in NYC is the busiest in the world? ANS The George Washington Bridge', 'QSN The biggest suspension bridge in the US is what? ANS The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge', 'QSN The bridge made with steel-wire is which in NYC? ANS The Brooklyn Bridge', 'QSN The Brooklyn Bridge was the worlds largest until what date? ANS 1903', 'QSN What is the busiest bridge for cars in the world? ANS George Washington Bridge', 'QSN Starting in Manhattan, the George Washington Bridge terminates in what New Jersey county? ANS Bergen', 'QSN What is the longest suspension bridge in the United States? ANS Verrazano-Narrows Bridge', 'QSN What style of architecture was used to design the Brooklyn Bridge? ANS neo-Gothic', "QSN In what year did the Brooklyn Bridge cease to be the world's longest suspension bridge? ANS 1903"]